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Labberton
Historical Atlas

AN

HISTORICAL ATLAS
CONTAINING A CHRONOLOGICAL SERIES OF

ONE HUNDRED MAPS,

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BY

EOBERT

H.

LABBERTON.

PHILADELPHIA: CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER,

NOS. 819 & 821

MARKET STREET.

1873.

Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871, by

CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER,

in the Office of the Librarian of

Congress at Washington.
PHILADELPHIA.

STKBKOTTl'Kli

I)Y J.

FAGAN

t SON,

1630

PREFACE.
TT1VERT VERY
student of History finds an Historical Atlas indistion

of States with

their attendant alterations

of frontier;

in other

-** 1H-11SU pensable to

Ms

pursuits.

The advantages derived from

It is

WOrds, Of A TRULY PICTORIAL HISTORY.

such a work are at present fully admitted.

acknowledged,

The

object of this

work

is

to supply this long-felt deficiency,

connected Series of

without exception, that without

its

aid History can neither be

by offering

to teachers
to

and students a

Maps,

thoroughly taught nor perfectly understood.

All teachers of History have long
of maps, exhibiting at a glance
felt

prepared expressly
collection

illustrate

the leading events

of History

from

the

want of a

THE EARLIEST AGES TO THE PRESENT TIME.

the successive

changes

in the distribu-

ROBERT
Philadelphia, July, 1871.

II.

LABBERTOX.

866009

r
I.
1.

ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTEXTS.

TWELVE MAPS ILLUSTRATING EASTERN HISTORY.

The
,f.

b,
c,

d,

The The The The

Chaldcean Ascendency showing First Progressive Map Chaldaean Empire in its greatest extent, (blue.) Northern and Southern tetrarehy. course of the Euphrates and Tigris. course of the Nile from the Victoria Nyanza to the Mediterranean, showing its affluents, cataracts, and the Delta.
;

c,

The land

d,
e,

of Goshen, with the bitter lakes and the canal from the Nile to the Red Sea. The route of the Israelites from Goshen vii Sinai, to Jericho. The exact situation of the twelve tribes of Israel.

f, Tlie
ff,

Empire of David and Solomon. The kingdoms of Judah and Israel.

Phoenicia, with the precise position of the Phoenician cities.
actual survey.)

2.

The Field
a.
b.
c.

of the Pyramids, (from an actual survey ;) showing The bifurcation of the Nile and the bluffs. The exact situation of Memphis, Cairo, Old Cairo, and Gizeh. The exact position of the great pyramid, sphinx, etc.

h,

8.

Jerusalem, (from an
(7,

V.

9.

The Fourth Progressive Map. The Four Great Powers;

The
division of Western Asia (after the fall of

showing

Nineveh

into Lydiu,

II.

?..

The Second Progressive Map. Egyptian Ascendency;

The Egyptian Empire
in its greatest extent.

showing
4,
c,

4.

The Ruins
a,
b,
c,

of Thebes, (from an actual survey.)

The position of The beginnings

Media, Babylonia, and Egypt. Ionia, Greece, and Great Greece. of Carthage, Syracuse, and Rome.
actual survey.)

III.

5.

The Third Progressive Map.

Assyrian

10.

Babylon, (from an

Ascendency; showing

The Assyrian Empire The six great Phoenician towns, and the principal Phoenician colonies. The beginnings of Home.
in its greatest extent.

VI.

11.

The
a.
b.
c.

fi.

Nineveh,
fl.

(from an actual survey.)

d.
;

IV.

7.

The Holy Land and Lower Egypt

The
Delta, with the seven
b,

showing arms of the Nile. Lakes Moeris and Arsinoe. Joseph's Canal,

Persian Ascendency; showing Fifth Progressive Map. The Persian Empire in its greatest extent. The march of Darius I. from Sardes to Scythia. The march of the Ten Thousand from Sardes to Cunaxi. and their return from Cunaxa to the Bosporus. The three decisive battle-fields (Granicus. Issus. and Arbela) on which the Persian Empire was destroyed.
of Susa, [from an actual survey.)

12.

The Ruins

NINE MAPS ILLUSTRATING GREEK HISTORY.

VII.
13.

Hellas,
a,

6,
c,

by the Hellenes ;) showing coasts of the Mediterranean from the Black Sea to the Tuscan Sea. The Propontis, with the Hellespont and Bosporus. The Western coast of Asia Minor, with the principal ,'Eolian, Ionian, and Dorian colonies.
(the countries set/led

14.

The North-Eastern

VIII.

15.

The Field of Troy. Hellas and Peloponnesus showing

;

a.
6,

The subdivisions of Hellas and Peloponnesus. The historical places and battle-fields.

Kemarh: Stmts =
its

Gulf, anil Mart

&a.

The JEgse&n Sea with its islands, (Cyclades and Sporades.) c The great divisions of Greece with its ethnological diversities. /, The Greek colonies in Southern Italy and Sicily.
d.

16.
17.

Plan of Sparta and

Plan of Thebes and

Neighborhood.

its

Neighborhood

ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS.

18.

Plan of Athens and

Plan of Corinth and
The Empire

its
its

Neighborhood.
Neighborhood.
;

A,
c.

19.

IX.

20.

The Sixth Progressive Map. Hellenic Ascendency showing

a.

d,

The route of Alexander to India. The Stales sprung from Alexander's Empire, 300 B.C. The compact Roman domain, 300 B. c, [colored yellow.)
actual survey.)

of Alexander the Great.

21.

Plan of Alexandria, [from an

TWENTY-SEVEN MAPS ILLUSTRATING ROMAN HISTORY.

X.
22. Italy
23.
24.

during the Regal Period.

XIII.

32.

Map of Latium during the Regal Period. The Original Roman Domain, (Ager Romanus.)
Enlarged
Italy from the beginning of the Samnite ning of the Punic 'Wars; showing
a,

33.
34.

Hannibal's Route from the Rhone to the Apennines. Plan of the City and Harbor of Carthage.

XI.

20.

Wars

to the begin-

35.

b\
c,

The earliest boundaries of the great armed confederacy led by Rome, {colored yellow.) The exact boundaries of Italy proper, (indicated by yellow lines.)
Gaul, south of the Alps (red), Liguria (green), and Istria (purple). The maritime fortresses, or burgess-colonies. The military roads, with the road-fortresses, (Latin colonies.)

30.

XIV.

37.

d,
e,

Plan of the City and Harbor of Syracuse. The Western Basin of the Mediterranean at the close of the Punic Wars, (146 B.C.) The Western Basin of the Mediterranean a century after the close of the Punic Wars, (50 B. C.) The Eastern Basin of the Mediterranean during the two centuries preceding the birth of Christ; showing a, Macedonia from the death of Alexander to the Roman Conquest.
b,

The three "fetters of

the Hellenes,"

Demetrias,

Chalcis,

and

20.

The Principal Theatre Wars; showing

a.

of 'War during the early

its

Samnite
c,

The bay of Naples with

islands, the Vesuvius,

and Hercula38.

d,
e,

A,

neuin and Pompeii. The battle-fields of the Samnite wars.

Corinth. The JEtolian and Achaean confederacies. Pergamus before and after 190 B. c. The great battle-fields of the Grreco-Rosnan wars.

Western Asia
u. b.
c.

27.

XII.

28.

Plan of the City and Harbor of Tarentum. Rome and Carthage on the eve of and during the First Punic

War;
a,

in the Times of Mithradates The Empire of Mithradates, yblue.) The Empire of Tigranes (yellow), and Parthia The Roman province of Asia, (yellow lines.)

showing
(green).

A,

situation and territorial extent of Rome (yellow) tiinL"' (Hut) on the eve of the great struggle. The principal battle-fields of the first Punic war.

showing

The

and Car-

39.

The Surroundings and the Euripus

The Seventh
a. A,

of

Lake Copais,

in Bceotia, 'with

Eubcea

showing The principal theatre of war

;

in the first

Mithradatic war.

29,

30.

Rome and Carthage at the end of the First Punic War. Rome and Carthage on the eve of and during the Second Punic War showing
;

XV.

40.

Progressive
its

Map.

Roman

Ascendency;

showing The Roman Empire in The Parthian Empire.

greatest extent.

a.
A,

The Empire of the Barcidas in Spain. The situation and territorial extent of Rome
i

(yellow)

and Carthage

41.

Plan of the City of

a.
A,
c,

bilk

on the eve of the second Punic war.

r.

d,

The march Of Hannibal from Carthago Nuva to the Trasimcnus. The principal battle-fields of the second Punic war.

d,
e,

31

Rome and

Carthage at the end of the Second Punic War.

Rome showing The seven bills of Home. The original settlement, (white.) The city and wall ofServiua Tullius, The city and wall of Aurclian, with The five bridges.
;

(j/rllow.)
its

gates, (yellow

lint- .)

ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS.

42.

vu

Enlarged

Map of the Capitoline Hill, Fora, etc. most celebrated buildings and monuments.
;

showing the

44. 45. 40. 47.

XVI.

43.

The Roman Empire

a. 6,

The Bosporus and Constantinople. Gaul before the Roman Conquest.

Gaul
after the

until 395 A. D. showing The names of all the provinces with the years of conquest. The relative position of the Christian and heathen world during
the fourth century.
division of the

Roman

Conquest.
the fourteen districts.

Italy during the

Empire; showing

c,

The

Empire

in

395

A. D.

XVII.

48.

Division and Subdivision of the

Roman Empire

since 395.

SIXTEEN MAPS ILLUSTRATING MEDIEVAL HISTORY.

XVIII.
49.

Europe and Western Asia about 500 A. D.

tine Empires.

; showing the Ostrogothic, Visigothic, Merovingian, Vandalian, and Byzan-

b,
c.

The Byzantine Empire, (yellow.) The Burgundian or Arelatian kingdom,

Francia
(red),

(purple.)
lines.)

d.

with the great duchies of Neustria. (red

XIX.

50.

The Empire

of the

Franks under Clovis,

in

507 A. D. show;

e,

ing the relative positions of the Salic and Ripuarian Franks.

51.

The Caliphate of Cordova (green), with the Christian States Spain, (Leon, Castile, and Pampeluna.)
a, b,
c,

in

The Division

XX.

52.

The Eighth Progressive Map. Arabic Ascendency; showing

0, b,

of the Frankish Empire, in 567 A. D., into Neustria, with Aquitania, Austrasia, and Burgundy, (to illustrate the times of Brunehilda and Fredegonda.J

XXIV.

58.

The Age

of the Crusades showing The possessions of the Plantagenets

;

in 1160, (blue lines.)

i

Franre.

red

d,
e,

The Arabic Empire in its greatest extent. The world at the beginning of the eighth century.

(Christianity

c,

The four Christian Empires,

on the point of being crushed by the Moslems.) (Byzantine, Longobardian, Merovingian,

f,

The German Empire of Barbarossa. blue.) Poland, Hungary, and Servia, (In, The remnant of the Byzantine Empire, (yellow.) The Eastern Caliphate, with the Empire of lconium and the
dominion of the Ayoubites, (green
lines.)
S

53.

and Anglo-Xaxon.) Plan of the City of Damascus, the Capital of the Caliphs.

g,

The Western Caliphate

Ommaiad
k.

(green), with the five Christian (Portugal, Leon, Castile, Navarre, and Arragon) Spanish peninsula. The Christian States on the Syrian coast, (blue.)

in

lie

XXI.

54.

The Empire
a,

of

Charlemagne and

its

Division in 843 A. D.

69.
;

The Christian States

in the East, in 1142.

D.

showing

b,

showing The Empire of Charlemagne and its division into Neustria, Lorraine, and Austrasia, (bli/e.) The Byzantine Empire and the Caliphates of Bagdad and Cordova.
British Islands during the Saxon,

the four States founded by the Crusaders Jerusalem, Tripolis. Antiochia, and Edessa), with the native Christian kingdom of Armenia (blue
.

XXV.

CO.

The Hohenstaufen and

;

XXII.

55.

The
a,
b,
c,

Norman, and early

Plantagenet Periods; showing The Saxon (blue) and Celtic (yellow) parts of the British Islands. The Saxon kingdoms in England. The English battle-fields from the beginning of the eighth to the
end of the thirteenth century.

61.

5G.

South-Eastern Scotland the principal scene of the Anglo-

XXIII.

57.

Scotch Struggle. The World about the middle

a,

of the Tenth Century The Empire of Otto the Great divided into its duchies,

showing

(blue.)

the Guelphs. about 1170 A. D to illustrate the struggle between Barbarossa and Henry the Lion showing a. The German duchies in the latter part of the twelfth century. b, The possessions of the Iloheustaut'eu (blue), and thi of the Guelphs (yellow]. The North-Eastern and Southern Parts cf France, to illustrate the Crusade against the Albigeuses a, The situation of the three celebrated Benedictine monasteries of Cluny. Citeaux, and Clairveaux. 4, The possessions of Raymond of Toulouse which were granted to Simon de Montfort, (blue.)
,
:

ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS.

62a.

The Latin Empire and the Christian States

a,
I.
c.

d,

The The The The

in the East. Greek Empires of Nicasa an'l Trebizond, (yellow.) Latin Empire with its feudal States, (blue.)
Venetian possessions in the East, (green.) Turkish Empire of Iconium.

62b.

XXVI.

63.

The Remains of the Kingdom of Jerusalem The Empire of Frederick II. showing
;

in 1204.

{/.

b,
c,

The German Empire during the first halt' of the 13th century, (bl.'y The hereditary possessions of Emperor Frederick II., (green.) The remnant of the Empire of Henry the Lion, (yellow.)

FIFTY-TWO MAPS ILLUSTRATING MODERN HISTORY.

XXVI.

01.

England ana Trance during the Anglo-French Struggle.

a,
b,
c,

XXIX.

08.

d,

e,

England (blue lines) and France, (red. ) The countries claimed by England, (red lines.) The portion ceded to England by the peace of Bre'tigny. The possessions of Philip the Bold, founder of the second (or great) Burgundian house, (green lines.) All the battle-fields and historical places of the Anglo-French struggle and of the War of the Roses.
of Charles the Bold; showing The countries directly ruled by Charles the Bold, (green.) The countries which had once formed a part of the Burgundian dominion, (green border.)
position of the Burgundian dominion, belonging partly to France and partly to the Empire, (indicated by a yellow-blue line, which shores the boundary between France and the Empire.) Lorraine, being also partly a French fief (indicated by yellow lines) and partly a German fief (indicated by blue lines). The position of Lorraine, dividing the Northern realms of Charles from his Southern possessions.

Eastern Europe and 'Western Asia about 1400 AD., (the Eastern continuation of Map 67 ;) showing a, The Ottoman Empire during the first part of the 15th century.
b,
c,

The Empire of the Mamelukes, (yellow.) The remnant of the Byzantine Empire during
years of
its

the last

fifty

69.
70.

The Ottoman extent 1682 AD. The Mongol Kingdoms during the Fourteenth Century
showing the Empires
of

existence, (green.) Empire in its greatest

XXVII.

65.

The Burgundian Dominion

a,
b,

Genghis-Khan and of Timur.

XXX.

71.

The Discoveries
a,
b,
c,

of the Spaniards and Portuguese in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries showing Spain and the Spanish discoveries and colonies, (blue.)
;

c,

The

Portugal and the Portuguese discoveries and

colonies, (yellow.)

72.

The
a.

d,

Pope Alexander's line of demarcation. Atlantic Coast of North America in the Seventeenth Century; showing The English settlements of New England, Virginia, and
Carolina.

e,

b.
c.

Central Switzerland. The scene of the Swiss Struggle against Habsburg showing lie position of the cradle oj the Habsburg race (Castle Habsburg), the original Habsburg domains, and the famous battle-fields.
t
;

d.

73.

The
a.
b.

XXVIII.

67.

'Western Eurcpe about 1400 A. D.; showing

a,
b,
e.

The Dutch settlement of New Netherlands. The Swedish settlement of New Sweden. The French settlement of Acadia. United States in 1783; showing The situation of the Thirteen Original Colonies. The principal battle-fields of the Revolution.

74.

The English realm, with the English possessions

Aquitaine, (red
lines.)

in France.

XXXI.

7").

of St. Lawrence, with its Islands. France divided into Thirty-five Provinces.

The Gulf

d,
t.

f.
.'/,

h,

The French realm (red), with the possessions of the house of Anjou during the fifteenth century, (red villi black lines.) The Burgundian dominion of John the Fearless, (green lines.) The house of Luxemburg in its greatest glory, (blue.) The Habsburg possessions, (purple The seven German Electorates, (names underlined.') The Arr.goninn Empire (brown), with the united kingdoms of Leon and Castile, (brown lines.)
)

70.
77.

Germany divided into Ten Circles. The Four Rhenish Electorates with
Countries; showing , The Archbishopric of Cologne, (purple.) The Archbishopric of Treves, (green.) A, c. The Archbishopric of Mayence, (blue.) d. The Rhenish Palatinate, [yellow.) e. The Cleve inheritance in 1609, (red.)

the surrounding

ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS.

XXXII.
78.

Western Europe about 1550 A.

a,

D. showing especially of Habsburg in the zenith of its power (purple), with its division into an Austrian and Spanish branch. 6, The kingdom of France {red) with the Bourbon possessions. c, The Hohenzollerns in Brandenburg (blue), Prussia, Anspach, and Culmbach, (blue with black lint's). d, The possessions of the house of Savoy, (yellow.) e, The dominion of the Pope in Italy and France. /, The republic of Poland before the union with Lithuania.
;

b,

The Prussian monarchy under Frederick the Great, with

the battle-fields of
tin- first

The house

Silcsian war, (blue.)

i

c,

The Empire of the Empress-Queen Maria Theree d, The division of the house of Wittelsbach into the Pa
and Bavarian branches,
etc.

8C.

England, Scotland, and Ireland during the latter part of the Seventeenth and the Eighteenth Century.
Central and Northern Europe in 1795 showing especially a, The extent of Prussia. Russia, and Austria after the ab;

XXXVI.

87.

79.

North-Eastern Italy
Italian war.

showing the

battle-fields of the

Franco-

XXXIII.

80.

Europe in 1648.
a,

b,

c,

d,
e,

Peace of Westphalia; showing especially The possessions of the two branches of the house of Habsburg at the end of the Thirty Years' War, (purple.) The possessions of the house of Hohenzollern, (union of Prussia with Brandenburg, (blue.) The Swedish Empire on both shores of the Baltic and in Northern Germany, (red lines.) The Danish monarchy, Denmark. Norway, and Schonen. The British isles, with the battle-fields of the civil wars.
The republic of Poland The Western boundary
in its greatest extent, (purple lines.) of Russia in the middle of the sevenlines.)

6,

c,

d,

sorption of Poland. of the house of Wittelsbach (Bavaria, Juliers, Berg, and the Palatinate), (orange.) The extent of Denmark (green) and Sweden (red lines). The Eastern boundary of France in 17'JO, (red.)

The possessions

88.
89.

90.

The First Partition of Poland in 1772. The Second Partition cf Poland in 1793. The Third Partition of Poland in 1795.
The Age
a,

XXXVII.

91.

of

Napoleon the Great; showing

especially

/, g,
h,
i,

France, with the battle-fields of the civil wars, (red.) Germany, with the battle-fields of the Thirty Years' War.

teenth century, (green

81.

of Napoleon in its greatest ezlenl red), with the vassal States ruled by his relations, (red with black lines.) b, The Confederacy of the Rhine, with Bavaria in its greatest extent. of Saxony, with the grand-duchy of Warsaw. c, The

The Empire

The South-Eastern

part of

Lombardy during the Seven92. 93.

d,

Kingdom The Austrian, Russian, and Prussian monarchies, etc

Battle-fields of

XXXIV.

82.

teenth Century. Peace of Utrecht; showing especially Europe in 1713. a, The extent of the Habsburg possessions after the extinction

Northern Italy, 1794-1800. Expedition against Egypt and Syria. Bonaparte's

The

XXXVIII.

94.

b,
c,

of the Spanish branch, (purple.) The Bourbons of France and Spain, (red.) The extent of the Guelphic dominions (England and Bruns-

Europe

in 1816 showing the division of Europe as settled by the Congress of Vienna, illustrating also the Greek, Polish, French, and Belgian revolutions, and the battle-fields of the Franco-Au>trian war of 18o9.
;

d,

The dominions

wick-Luneburg), (blue lines.) of the house of Savoy (Savoy, Piedmont, and

95. 96.

Sicily), (yellow.)

The Theatre The Theatre

Europe
fields

of the of the

Crimean 'War in 1854-55. Danish War in 1864.

83.

The The

81.

Battle-fields of the Netherlands during the Seventeenth, Eighteenth, and Nineteenth Centuries. Boundaries of Russia, Poland, and Turkey in 1713.
in

XXXIX.

97.

Peace of Prague; showing theD* and results of the Austro-Prussian war of L866 and the North German Confederacy.
in 1866.
till

XXXV.

85.

Europe

1748.

Peace

of Aix-la-Chapelle

showing

98.

The German Confederacy from 1815

Europe
in 1871.
citated

1866.

especially a, The house of Bourbon in the zenith of its power (red), with its division into the French, Spanish, and Italian branches, (red with black lines.)

XL.

99.

Peace of Versailles, showing the resus-

100.

The Theatre

German Empire, United Italy, etc. of the late Franco-Prussian War.

ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX

OF THE

PRINCIPAL NATIONS AND STATES.

A.
Acarnania. The Western district of Hellas Acheeans, The League of the) Achaia. The Northern district of Peloponnesus The Roman province of Achaia since 14b' B. c... The principality of Achaia since 1204 a. i> jEtolia. A district of Hellas, or Central Greece..
I

MAP MAP 15 37
IS

Anglo-Saxons.

About 500

a.

40, 50

Roman Ascendency
Arabic Ascendency

40 62
15 37
1

About 507 A. v About 700 A. l) Abou: 800 a. I). (Under Egbert).... The British Islands during the Saxon Antiochia, (Christian Principality of, Aquitania, before Caesar's Conquest

51

MAP 40 52

period....
in 1142)..

52 54 55 59 46
4(i

Asia during

JEtolians, (The League of the) Africa. North-Eastern Africa and the Nile valley. During the Egyptian Ascendency Daring the Assyrian Ascendency N.E. Africa and the Seven Arms of the Nile During the times of the Four Great Powers

3
5 7

Province since 56 B. c 43, the Merovingian Emp. since 507 a. ii. One of the duchies of France about 1000 a. n.... The Empire of the Plantagenets in 1160 A. D.... A part of the French kingdom about 1400 A. D.. Arabia Petraea, with Mount Sinai

A Koman A part <f

51

57 58 67
7

11 Daring the Persian Ascendency 20 Daring the Hellenic Ascendency North-western Africa during the l'uuic wars. .28-31 At the close of the Panic wars 35 A century after the Tunic wars 86 40 During the first century A. I) 43 During the 2d, 3d, and 4th centuries a. r> 48 Since the division of the Empire in39oA.s 4'.i About 500 ..!'. (The Vandal Empire) 52 About 7011 \ ii. (The Arabic Vscendcncv ",) About BOO a. d About 950 a. d. The Morabites) 57 During the 12th century, (Age of the Crusades) 68 North-Western Africa about 1400 v d 67
)
i

Arabic Empire.

Arabic Ascendency 700 A. d... The division of the Arabic Empire since 750 A. i>. The Eastern and Western Caliphates The Arabic Empire since 1258 A. n
[originally the Wettern part of the kingdom of Pampeluna "> Navarre.) An independent kingdom since 1035 A.D

52 54 58 69

Aragon,

6K
07
7s
1

The Aragonese dominion about. 1400 a. i> Aragon united with Castile since 1517 a. d Arcadia. A District of the Peloponnesus
Argolis.

A
the the the the the

District

of the Peloponnesus

,.

1".

Armenia.
During During During During During

IIHI a. ii North-Easiern Africa about North-Eastern Africa about L682a.d

1

68 69
71

Portuguese discoveries in the 15th and 16th cent. North-Western Africa about 1541 1. 1> North-Western Africa during the 18th century 82, N.W. Africa in Lhi 191 century 94, '.'7,
-

Alexandria, Plan of America, Discovery of)

| |
|

7^ 85 99 is
71

During the Egyptian Ascendency Assyrian Ascendency period of the Four Great Powers... Persian Ascendency Roman Ascendency fourth and fifth centuries A. n Inn in_' the Arabic Ascendency The kingdom of Armenia in 1 100 A. D 58, The kingdom of Armenia about 1204 A. D
Chaldssan Ascendency

3 5
11

43

48
52
5'.i

62
1

the Chaldaean Ascendency 1 3 During the Egyptian Ascendency the Assyrian Ascendency 5 During During the period of the Four Great Powers the Persian Ascendency 11 During Greek Colonies on the Western Coast of. 13 20 During the Hellenic Ascendency the 2d and 1st century B. c 37 During 38 During the times of Mithradates 40 During the first century a. d 43 During the 2d, 3d, and 4th centuries a. i> Since the division of the Koman Empire in 395 48 About 500 a. D. (the Byzantine Empire) 49 52 During the Arabic Ascendency About 800 a.d. (the times of Haroun-al-Rashid) 54 68 During the Age of the Crusades During (he first part of the thirteenth century 62 About 1500 A. n. (the Ottoman Empire) 68 O'.i The Ottoman Empire in its greatest extent The Mongol Empires of Gengliis-Klian and Timur 70 8 Assyria during he Egyptian Ascendency 5 During the Assyrian Ascendency 9 During the period of the Four Great Powers 11 During tin" Persian Ascendency Athens nod the Bay of Salamis, (plan of) 18 (The duchy of.) in the thirteenth century 62a 15 Attica. The South Eastern District of Hellas. ... 51 Austrasia, since 567 a.d 54 Since 813 a. d Austria. A march against the incursions of Magyars, sinoe 988 a. d. (Under the Baben'.'
i

LI

Ascendency.

The Atlantic coael

ti

of N.

America

in 17th

century

d States in
ol

177::

72 78
7
1

Tin: Dull

the St,

Lawrence

EgJ ptian Ascendency Assyrian Ascendency Persian Ascendency Hellenic Ascendency

5
11

2u

bergers until 1246 a.d.) since 1166 A. D United with Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola Under the Habsburgers since 1J82 During the sixteenth century

57

A German duchy

GO
68
1.7

78

ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX.

M
\P

Since 1526 united with Bohemia and Hungaria. 78 Nt During the Thirty Years' War 82 Daring the first part of the 18th century 85 Since 1742 (Peace of Berlin) Austria's gain from the partitions of Poland. ..88-90 Austria during the reigu of Napoleon 91 The Austrian Empire since 1816 94 Austria's position in the German Confederacy.. 98 Austria since the peace of Prague, in 1860 97 Austria in 1871 99 62 Avars, (Empire of the)

The kingdom of Belgium since 1830

Baeotia.

MAP 97

HAP

The kingdom, duchy, and county

during the thirteenth century

of

Burgundy
63
'

district of Hellas, or Central

Greece

Bohemia.

A German duchy

since 962

16 57

The duchy and county of Burgundy during ihe

fourteenth and fifteenth centuries

kingdom since 1086 hereditary kingdom since 1212 The keystone of the possessions of the house of
vassal

58
63 67

I,

An

B.
Babel
1 3, 6, 9,

iince 1310 part of the Ilabsburg possessions since 1526. During the Thirty Years' War 82, During the eighteenth century During the nineteenth century 91, 94, 97, and Constantinople Bosporus Bourbons. Possessions about 1550

Luxemburg

78 80
85 99
44

Babylon
Babylonia.

10
9
11

One of the four great powers Persian province province of the Empire of the Seleucidas Barbarians. After the division of the Empire... About 500 a. d About 700 a. d About 800 a. d About 962 a.d Bavaria. The duchy of Bavaria about 970 a. d. About 1170 a. d., (under the Guelphs) About 1270 a.d., (under the Wittelsbachs) During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. .67, The Bavarian circle The Electorate of Bavaria 80, 82, The Electorate of Bavaria united with the Rhen-

A A

20 48 49
52 54 57 57
6

63 78 76 85

the French throne since 1589 the French and Spanish thrones since 1713.. the French, Spanish, and Sicilian (Naples and Sicily) thrones since 1748 Kings of the Island of Sicily since 1799 Restored to their thrones since 1815 The Bourbons in 1866 (on the Spanish throne). Brandenburg. A Margraviate since 930 a.d... A Margraviate under the Ascanier, since 1130.. An Electorate under the Ascanier, since 1260... The Electorate of Brandenburg since 1373 A. D., {Under the house of Luxemburg) The Electorate of Brandenburg since 1417 A. i>. (the rlohenzollerns), (united with Ans/nich) Brandenburg since 1648. ( The Electors are also, since 1619, dukes in Prussia) Brandenburg since 1713. (The Electors are also,
since 1701, kings in Prussia)

On On On

78 80
82 85
91

94 97 57

The Burgundian dominion of Charles the Bold.. The French provinces of Burgundy and Kranche Comte\ (county of Burgundy The Burgundian circle of Germany The duchy ami county of Burgundy about 1550 The county of Burgundy tranche Comie) 1648.. The absorption of Franclie Comte by France.... Byzantine Empire, or Greek Empire, in 395... About 500 a. d About 700 a.d. During the Arabic Ascendency About 800 a. d About 950 a. u About 1150 a. d. During the Crusades About 1204 a. d. The Latin Empire About 1400 a.d Since 1453 a. d. Conquered by the Turks
1

65
75
7'i

78 80 82 48 49
*'!

64
67

68
62<j

68
19

60
63 67 78

c.
Caledonia, or Scotland Caliphate. Before the division of 750
Since the division Caliphate of Cordova about 800 a. d Caliphate of Cordova about 950 a.d Caliphate of Cordova about 1150 a. d The Caliphate of Cordova about 1400 Canaan. See Holy Land.
a.

55 62 64 64 67 68
67 33

80
82

a. d

ish Palatinate, Juliers, and Berg 87 The kingdom of Bavaria since 1809 91 The kingdom of Bavaria since 1816 94,98 The kingdom of Bavaria since 1866 97 Bavaria as part of the German Empire 99 57 Belgium, (Flanders and Brabant,) since 962 Brabant and Flanders during the 12th century.. 60 Brabant and Flanders during the loth century.. 63 Flanders (since 1383) and Brabant (since 1406) 65 part of the Burgundian dominion A part of the Burgundian circle since 1512 76 Part of the Netherlands under Charles V 78 The Spanish Netherlands since 1576 a. d 80 ,,

Brandenburg since
tories

1748.

(The

results of the vic-

of Frederick the Great)

Belgium, or the Austrian Netherlands

82, 85

The

battle-fields of

Belgium

Part of the kingdom of the Netherlands sincel816

83 94

Brandenburg after the partition of Poland.. Brandenburg since the peace of Tilsit in 1807... Brandenburg since 1816 British Empire. See England. Brunswick. See Guelph. Bulgarian Empire about 700 a. d About 950 A. D (a Byzantine province) During the twelfth century, (independent) Burgundy. The Burgundian Emp. in 500 a. i). 49, Burgundy a part of the Merovingian Empire... The Burgundian, or Arelatiau kingdom, 950 Burgundy a part of the German empire The Burgundian Palatinate about 1230 a.d
,

85 87
91

94

Constantinople and the Bosporus Corinth and the Isthmus A district of the Peloponnesus 67 Corinthia. 58 Corsica. A Carthaginian possession 60 A Roman possession since 259 e. c
51

52 57 58 50

Carthage, (Plan of) On the eve of and during the first Punic war... At the end of the first Punic war On the eve of and during the second Punic war At the end of the second Punic war The Carthaginian territory after the Punic wars a. n Castile. A principality since United with Toledo since 1085 A.D The kingdom of Castile about 1400 The union of Castile and Aragon since 1517 A.D. Cleve. Inheritance in 1609
'.':!::

28
J
I

30
31
'

67 68 67
7^ 77
4
1

19 15
28

29

ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX.

MAP
MAP

A part of the Roman province of Sardinia. .35, A Vandal province since 470 a. d
A Prankish province since 754 a. An Arabian possession since 850 a. n
i>

36,

43 49 54
57

A
A

possession of the German Empire since 1002 (m reality a possession of the town of Pita) possession of the Genoese since 1300 a. d. Thi Corsicans did not acknowledge the Genoese sovereignty before

58

1387)

07, etc. 91, etc.

possession of the French since 1708

D.
Damascus, (Plan of the city of) Denmark. House of Swen Estritson
53
since 1042.. Under Margaretha, the last of the House of Swen Estritson, [union of Calmar between Den-

Tart of the patrimony of Emp. Frederick II 03 In the times of Charles the bold 65 A district of Germany about 1550 78 A province of France since 1648 75, 80, 82 90, 100 Reconquered by Germany in 1871 England, with Scotland and Ireland. Britannia under the Romans 43, 48 About 500 a. D 49, 50, 51 About 700 A. d 52 About 800 a. d 54 55 During the Saxon and Norman periods The possessions of the Plantagenets in 1100 58 The scene of the Anglo-Scotch struggle 56

The Merovingian Empires about 700 A. n The Empire of Charlemagne and its division.... Francia, or the Duchy of France, about 950 The Kingdom of France during the 12th century The North-Eastern and Southern parts of France
during the Crusade against the Albigenses... France during the Anglo-French struggles France and Burgundy in the limes of Louis XI. France during the 15th century

MAP 52

54
57

58
61

64
65 07 75

58

During the Anglo-French struggles and the war

of the Roses 64, the sixteenth century t he seventeenth century the eighteenth century the nineteenth century 91, 'J4. 07, (The Western division of N. Greece)... Eubcea, (Negrnpont.) A large island along the Eastern coast of Hellas, or Central Greece

mark, Norway, and Sweden, 13971520)

87

Denmark united with Norway (since 1387) Denmark during the eighteenth century. ..82, Denmark 'luring the reign of Napoleon Denmark Bince 1816 Denmark during the war of 1804 Denmark since 1S04
Doris.

80
85,
ST

91
'.14

During During During During Epirus.

67 78

80
86 99
13

about 1550a. n 78 France at the accession of Louis XIV 80 France at the end of the reign of Louis XIV 82 85 France in the middle of the 18th century The E. boundary of the French republic in 1705 87 The Empire of Napoleon 1. with its vassal States 91 04 France after the Congress of Vienna 07 The Empire of Napoleon 111 99 The French republic in ST 1 The Franco-Prussian campaign of 1870-71 100
1

The successive reunion of the Provinces France and the Bourbon possessions

90
97 15

15

Europe.

Dutch

A small district of Hellas Republic. See Netherlands.

E.
Edessa, (Christian county of,) in 1142 v. n Egypt. The old Km]. in; of Egypt The new Emp. during the Egyptian Ascendency The new Emp. during the Assyrian Ascendency The Delia, with the seven arms of [he Nile Egypt one of the Pour Great Powers The Persian satrapy of Egypt since 525 n. c :. M The Kg\|.nan Empire of the Ptolemies.. The Unman province of Egypt since 80 b. \ diocese of the Greek Empire since 895 a. i>... The Arabic province of Deshar Mesr 010 a. i>... The SyTO-Egyptian Empire of the Ayoubitee The Empire of the Mamelukes since 1251 a. i>..
< ; 1

59
1

5
7

The undivided Roman Empire The Eastern and Western Empire About 500 a. p. The Barbarian Empires About 700 A. D. The Arabic invasions The restoration of the Western Empire About 050 a. I). The Holy Roman Empire Ab.mt 1150 a. 11. The Crusades The formation of distinct nationalities The Babsburg preponderance
In In In In
In

40. 43

G.
Galatia, (State
of)

48 40
5*2

Germany.
Annul 500

Under the Romans

A.
11

37 43

5) 57

In ihe time of Clovis Alter the division in 507 A. D

49 50
51 52

58
07

9
11

1648 a. u. 1713 a. d. 1748 a. 11.

I8011 a.
11.
11.

20
48

1810a.
*.

48
"_'

In 1866 In 1871

d!

a. n.

Peace of Westphalia Peace of Utrecht Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle Peace of Scbonbrunn Congress of Vienna Peace ol Prague Peace of Versailles

78 80
82

85
91
1

About 700 a. n The Empire of Charlemagne and its division... The Empire of Otto the Great in 962 a. i> The German Empire during the 12th century... In 1170 (the Hohenstaufen and the Guelphs).., During the reign of Emperor Frederick II The Franco-German boundary about ISO 64, The German Empire with the seven Electorates
1

54
57

58
60
6
I

07

00

58

A Turkish vassal-kingdom

since 1517

a.

n
a. d...

68 69
98
67 77

F.
France,
During
or Gaul. Before the the Roman dominion
f

Roman

Germany divided into ten circles The four Rhenish Electorates with (Teve. Germany in the times of Charles V During the Thirty Years' War
During the first half "I he sth century During the seoond half of the 18th century During the French revolution The Confederacy of the Rhine Since the Congress of Vienna The German Confederacy, 1815-1866
I

Conquest..

45

65 67 70 77 7* 80 82

Bonaparte 1 Egyptian expedition in 1799 Electorates. The seven Electorates The four Rhenish Electorates A i.<-i oi the Elis. Peloponnesus Elzass. Alsace.) A district oi German]
i
1 1

43, 46

85
s7 01

Since the divis

15 60

Empire in 305 \. d The Merovingian Empires about 500 a. d The Empire of the Frank under Clovis The division of the Prankish Empire in 567 a.
the

48
49 50
d.

01

61

98

ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX.

During and

xui
MAP 85 91

The Granada, (Mohammedan kingdom of.) about 1400 Greece, (Hellas.) During the settlement of the
Hellenes around and beyond the Archipelago Hellas and Peloponnesus

after the Austro-Prussian German Empire in 1871

war

MAP 97

MAP

99
07

13 15

68 69 94 Guelphs. About 1170. Guelphs and Ghibellines 60 63 About 1270. After the Lion's fall In 1714. On the English throne 82, 85 91 In 1810. During the reign of Napoleon 94 After the recovery of Hanover In 1816. After the absorption of Hanover In 1866. 97, 99

Greece as part of the Empire of Alexander Greece during the 2d and 1st century b. c The Roman province of Achaia since 146 B. c... Macedonia a diocese of the Greek Empire A Venetian province since 1250 A. u A province of the Byzantine Empire since 1440 The Turkish provinces of Livadia and Morea... The kingdom of Greece since 1829 a. n

20
87

43 48
67

5,7 During the Assyrian Ascendency The Empire of David and Solomon The kingdoms of Israel and Judah 11 During the Persian Ascendency 20 During the Hellenic Ascendency 40 During the Roman Ascendency 49 A part of the Greek Empire since 395 a. u 52 During the Arabic Ascendency 58 During the age of the Crusades The Christian States in the East about 1142 a.i>. 59 Remains of the kingdom of Jerusalem in 1204.. 626 68 Part of the Empire of the Mamelukes Part of the Ottoman Empire since 1517 a. d 69

During the second half of the 18tL century During the times of Napoleon Proud Italians hailed Napoleon as an Imperator

whom Gallic legions hud ratted upon The battle-fields of Northern Italy,
Since the Congress of Vienna The kingdom of Italy in 1866 The kingdom of Italy in 1871

ti<

1794-1SOO...
'1 ''

99

J.

Hungary,

(or Hungaria.) Since the 10th century During the 12th century (the house of Arpad).. Since 1382 (the house of Luxemburg) Partly under the Turks, partly under the Habs-

57

Jerusalem, (Plan (Kingdom of in (Kingdom of) in Judah, (tribe and

)

of)

1142 a. i> 1204 a. d

624
7

kingdom of )

58
67

L.
15 -' 54 57

burgers

The kingdom

of

Hungary

in

1648

Laconica. A district of the Peloponnesus Latium, during the royal period 80 Leon, (Kingdom of.) About 800 a. d
About 950 a. d About 1150 a. d
United with the kingdom of Castile' since 1037.. Locris, two districts of the Peloponnesus Longobardian Empire. About 700 a. r> Lorraine, (Lotharii regnum Lotharingia.

58
'
I

H.
Habsburgs. The possessions in Switzerland About 1400. (Archdukes of Austria, etc.) About 1550. (In the zenith of their glory) During and after the Thirty Years' War After the extinction of the elder branch
Hellas.
See Greece.
66
H7

78 SO 82

Hohenzollern.
Constants,

(A

and near

territory north of the the sources of the

Lake of Neckar
)

and Danube.) The original seat of the race. .97, 98 Margraves of Culmbach (Anspach-Baireuth and 78 Burgravea of Nuremberg since 1170 a. d

Margraves of Brandenburg since 1417 A. Dukes in Prussia since 1525 a. r>

Margraves of Brandenburg and dukes
sia

l)

7S

78

Israel, (Kingdom of) 22. 23, Italy. During the regal period In the 8th century B. c In the 7th and 6th centuries b. c ......9, The Greek colonies in Southern Italy In the 4th century B. c 25, 20, During the Samnite wars 28, 29, 30, During the Punic wars At the close of the Punic wars A century after the Punic wars During the 1st century A. i> During the Empire, (divided into districts) Since the division of the Empire in 395 a. d About 500 a. d. (The Ostro-Gothic Empire)....
,

15 52

One

of the three divisions of the (former) pire of Charlemagne since 843 duchy of the Roman Empire since 962

Em54 57

in Prus-

since 1619 Margraves of Brandenburg and kings in Prussia since 1701 82, 85, 91, Kings of Prussia since 1807 Presidents of the North-German Confederacy... Emperors of Germany since 1871

80
87 94 97 99

Holland. See Netherlands. Holy Land, or Canaan.

During the Chaldajan Ascendency During the Egyptian Ascendency
1

About 700 A. D. (The Longobardian Empire).. About 800 a. d. (The times of Charlemagne)... About 962 A. D. (The times of Otto the Great.. About 1130 a. D. (The age of the Crusades)... About 1230 a. r>. (The times of Frederick II.) During the Angevin (French) influence During the 16th century The battle-fields of the Franco-Italian wars

(called Brabant) and Upper 60 Lorraine (called Lorraine) since 1190 ' Lorraine (i. e., Upper Lorraine) about 1470 Lorraine under the house of Anjou 7~ The German duchy of Lorraine about 1550 80 The German duchy of Lorraine about 1648 75 Lorraine a French province since 1738 The Eastern part of Lorraine in 1871 99, 100 Luxemburg. (Situated exactly to the North of Lorraine, between the Meutt and Moselle.)

Lower Lorraine

The home
blue

of the Luxemburg Emperors (marked North of Lorraine) part of the Burguudian dominion since 1483 a. D., and hence a portion of the Spanish and
(since

67

1713) Austrian Netherlands

94
600..

65

During the 17th century. (Spanish influence). Lombardy during the 17th century During the first half of the 18th century

grand-duchy, governed by the king of Holland since 1846.

of the

Lydia. one

Four Great Powers about

XIV

ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX.

HAP

M.
Macedonia.
of Northern Greece, occupying t lie const, etc., around the NAY. corner of the JEgean Sea The kingdom of Macedonia about 323 B. c The kingdom of Macedonia since 300 b. c The Honian province of Macedonia since 148 B.C. Macedonia a diocese of tin- Bastern Kmpire Media, one of the Four Great Powers about 600

A country

13 _n 37

Netherlands A part of the Kmpire of Napoleon A kingdom since 1816. (Holland and Belgium). Neustria. The North-western part of the Prankish Kmpire since 567 a. n The Western part of the Kmpire of Charlemagne
battle-fields of the

The

MAP 83 91

94
51

54

Morea, a province of the Venetian republic since 1250 a. d The principal part of the Byzantine Empire since 1410 a. d A province of the Ottoman Empire since 1460... Part of the kingdom of Greece since 1829 a. d..

67

43
Is 9

The country, since 912. called Normandy From source to mouth Nile. The Delta, with the seven mouths of the

55
1

Nile...

Merovingian Empire about 500

About 700
a.
1.
t

A.

Messene,
Milan,

a district of

lie

Peloponnesus

49 62 15
67 78 80
85

Nineveh,

(I'lan of the

Ruins of

4 5

Pergamus, (Kingdom of) Persia, or Persis. An Assyrian province 700 A Median province about 600 B. c

68 69 94 37 5
9

Norway.

During the 1 2th century United with Denmark since lo s 7

58 80
87
'.'7

(or tin- Milanese.) The Duchy of. About 14(i0 a. f. (Under the Visconti) About 1550. (Under the Spanish Habsburgs)... During and after the Thirty Fears' War S2. During the 18th century

Norway and Denmark in the 18th century United with Sweden since 1815

The Persian Ascendency about 500 B. c 11 A province of the Empire of the Seleucidoe. 300 20 The Parthian or Persian Empire since 255 B. c. 40 48, 49 During the 3d, 4th. and 5th centuries a. i>
Fars, or Persia, since 636 a. b A semi-dependent part of the Empire of the Caliphs (since 901 under the Soffarides) A province of the Mongol Empire since 1370 Phocis, a district of the Peloponnesus Poland. The Christian duchy of Poland since 963 under the Piasts) The kingdom of Poland during the 12th century During the 14th and 15th centuries (under the

52

o.
Ostrogothic Empire under Theodoric
49

54 70 15
57 58 67

N.
Naples. (Sicily, or the Two Sioil A province of the Ostro-Gothic Kmpire (500)... 49 A province of the Longobardian Empire (700).. 52 A province of the Byzantine Empire (800) 54, 57
ingdom

P.
Palestina. See Hor.Y Land. Palatinate, (Rhenish.) In the 17th century. ..77. 80 In the 18th century, (with Juliers and Berg)82, 85
("nited with

Jagellos)

The The The The

kingdom kingdom kingdom kingdom

f, _:
i
.

ii

The kingdom The kingdom of the 80 Navarre, a Christian kingdom of Spain since 842
(
|

during the 1-th century. of Sicily aboul 1230 of Naples aboul 100 of .ul 1560 of Naples since 1718 i,i the Two Sicilies since 1748 of Naples in 1810 Mur.it
"t Sicily
1
'
-

68
6'!

Bavaria
)

87 82

The Polish republic under the presidency

of an
1

67

78
82

85
91

'I

..

94

Dpper. That part of Bavaria winch Dorth of the Danube Pampeluna. A Christian kingdom in Northern Spain since the beginning of the 10th century 109 a. n i' was called Navarre) [Sim Papal States, (755-1870.) Patrimonium Petri ill the middle of the 10th century

Palatinate,
is

57 57
67

elected king (since 1573) 78 "i of Poland and Lithuania 1569 (Since 1386 Poland and Lithuania had been governedby //" eanu aovtrt ion, but as distinct count In the middle of the 18th century 85 The three partitions of Poland..." 88, 89, u The grand-duchy of Warsaw 91

The republics

Pampeluna) Navarre during the 12th century The kingdom of Navarre aboul 100 a. d 1512 a. t>. mi ted with Castile (the i/rcutrr <.r Southern the mailer or Northern part part came t>, Prance)
1

a. D., [originally called

57

During the 14th and 15th centurit a The I'apal States during tin* 16th century

68 67

The Papal State, during tin' 17th century The Papal States during 'le 1Mb century The I'apal Stale- Bince I81H The Patrimoni Petri I860- l^T'i,
,

78 80
-

The kingdom ot Poland (under Russia The Russian government of Poland (since 1863) '.'9 Pontus, (Kingdom of) 37, 68 Prussia. The home of the heathen Servians,
I

'.'7

:>l

Wends,

97

The country

Letts, and Goths before 1280 a. D...57, 58 of the Teutonic Order since 1230 l.D, 67

re the

patrimony of Henry IV
r
I

78 75
57 65 76 7*

Parthia.
i,
i

See Pibsi
in

v.

A
The
Dorian

Peloponnesus,

(Morea.)

and

Netherlands. lloll.i duchy ol Lower

I

rman
i>
.

part of the A part of the

l

Burgundian dominion Burgundian circle ol Germany. ...

157'.'

The Netherlands during the 16th century

;

Dutch republic since

8u
... E

The Dutch republic during

the 18th century

settlements in the Peloponnesns 13 The seven divisions of the Peloponnesus 15 Dunns the times of the Ichsaan Confederacy... .17 16 n. c... The Roman province of Ichaia -it 43 'I'ln- Bastern diocese of Macedonia Bince 896 a. i> 48 The pi sal state of the ipalitl Latin Empire) since [204 a. d 62a
I
i

of Poland ruled by the younger Hohenzollern since 1526 \. d... A vassal duchy nf Poland ruled by the Elector of Brandenburg since 1618 a. n. elder

vassal

duchy

branch

of the

78

(The

branch of

the

Hohenzollernt, and, as such,

leijal

80 younger line) A sovereign kingdom, ruled by the Elector of 82, B5 Brandenburg -nice 1701 a d Prussia after the partition of Polaud 87
linrs t" the

ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX.

MAP

The The The The

Prussian Prussian Prussian Prussian

monarchy since 1807 monarchy since 1816 monarchy since 1866 monarchy since 1871
Fit-Id of the)

91

94
'.'7

Pyramids, (The

99 2

A A A

The kingdom

of Sardinia since 1104 a. d part of the Aragonese monarchy since 1324 part of the Empire of Charles V. since 1516 part of the Empire of the Habsburgs since

M*P 63 07

HAP

78
82

1713
part of the Sardinian kingdom since 1748.... of Sardinia since 1798 a. d A part of the Sardinian kingdom since 1810.... A put of the kingdom of Italy since 1860 97, Savoy. The duchy of Savoy about 1400 a. d The duchy of Savoy with Piedmont about 1550 The duchy of Savoy with Piedmont about 1648 Savoy with Piedmont and Sicily since 1713 Savoy with Piedmont and Sardinia since 1748.. The kingdom of Sardinia since 1798 The kingdom of Sardinia since 1816 The kingdom of Italy in 1866

85
91

Colonized by the Greeks in the East During the first Punic war A Roman province since 240 B. c After the destruction of the Roman Empire First Arabic conquest since 664 a. d A Byzantine province until 880 a. d

9.

2*
30, etc.

R.
Rome. The
vicinity of Rome. (Ager Romanus). Beginnings of Rome about 750 b. c Beginnings of Rome about 550 B. c The consolidated dominion of Rome during the Hellenic Ascendency about 300 b. c Home during the First Punic war Rome at the end of the First Punic war Rome during the Second Punic war Rome at lie end of the Second Punic war The Roman dominion at the close of the Punic wars The Roman dominion a century after the close of the Punic wars The Eastern part of the Roman dominion during the two centuries preceding the birth of Christ
t

The kingdom

94

province of the Western Caliphate since 965 United with Apulia forming the Norman king-

49 52 54 54

21
5
1
1

99
67

20 28
29

78 80 82 85
91

30
31

94
97 99

35 36
37 40 43 48
4.'

of Italy in 1871 Saxony. Settlements of the Saxons about 500 Tin* Saxons during the reign of Clovis

The kingdom

Settlements of the Saxons about 700

a.

49 50 52
57 60 67 76

The Roman Ascendency The Roman Empire until 395 a. d Division and subdivision of the Roman Empire.

Rome,

(Plan of)

41

Russia under Valadimer the Great, about 980 a.d. The grand-duchy of Valadimer under the descendants of his twelve sons The conquest of Russia by the Golden Horde... Russia during the 17th century Russia towards the end of the 18th century The acquisitions of Russia by the partitions of Poland 88, 89, Rus-ia during the times of Napoleon Russia since 1816 94, 97,

The duchy of Saxony in 960. The Billungs The duchy of Saxony in 1170. The Guelphs... The Electorate of Saxony in 1422. The Wettius The Upper and Lower Saxon circles Saxony since 1547. The Wettins (younger branch) Saxony since 1697. (The Electors also kings of
Poland) The Electorate of Saxony since 1763
."82,

of Sicily since 1 130 a. i> 68 of the Hohenstaufen since 1191... A province of Aragonese monarchy since 1282 57, A possession of the Sp. Babsburgs since L516 78 A possession of the house of Savoy since 1713... 82 United with Naples forming the Bourbon kingdom of the Two Sicilies since 1816 91 The Bourbon kingdom of Sicily since 1798 United with Naples forming the Bourbon king91 dom of the Two Sicilies A province of the kingdom of Italy since 1 86(1... 9 7. 99 Spanish Peninsula. During the Punic wars...28-30 After the Punic wars 31, 3.j, 36 During the 1st century a. d 43 During the 2d, 3d, and 4th centuries a. d 4s Since the division of the Empire in 395 a. d

dom

The kingdom

>.

80
85
87

57

58 70
Sir

The kingdom

of

Saxony since 1807.

(The king
91

The Visi-Gothic Empire about 500 a. d The Arabic conquest since 713 a. d The Caliphate of Cordova about 800 a. d The rise of the Christian kingdoms (950) During the Age of the Crusades About 1400 a.d., (before the union of Aragon
and Castile)
of the Spaniards and Portuguese in the 15th and 16th centuries During the reign of Emperor Charles V During the 17th century During the reign of Philip V., (the first of the

49
-

57 58
67
71

of Saxony also duke of Warsaw)

87

The kingdom of Saxony since 1816 Saxony since 1866 Saxony in 1S71 (part of the German Empire).

94
97

The discoveries

90
91

99

s. Sardinia, a Carthaginian possession

A Roman A Vandal

20, 28
3(1
4'.l
."il

province (with Corsica) since 237 B.C. province since 468 a. 11 A Byzantine possession about 800 A. ti An Arabian possession since 853 a. d A possession of the German Empire since 1022 (In reality, a possession of the town of 1'isa)....

Scotia, or Ireland 20 Seleucidse, (Empire of) Servia. Since 638 a. d. A principality semi-de54 pendent on the Byzantine Empire 57 Since 1018 a. d. A Byzantine province Since 1195 a.d. An independent kingdom. ..58, 62a Since 1389 a. d. A principality semi-dependent on the Ottoman Empire 67, 68 69 Since 1459 a. n. An Ottoman province
Since 1817 a.d. An hereditary principality semi97, 99 dependent on the Ottoman Empire 5 Sicily. Colouizedby the Phoenicians in the West

99 55

7~
'
'

Spanish Bourbons) During the times of Napoleon Spain after the Congress of Vienna Spain and Portugal in 1866 Spain and Portugal in I81 1 Sparta and its neighborhood, (Plan of) Susa, (Plan of the Ruins of)

85
91
'-'I

97
''

''

16 12

57

Sweden.

During the 12th century Since the peace of Westphalia in 1648,

in the zenith of its glorv)

58

Sweden
80

58

XVI

ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX.

MAP MAP MAP

Since the pence of Nystadt in 1721, (the loss of the Baltic provinces) Since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, (united with Norway.) (Finland had been conquered by Russia in 1809) Switzerland. Central Switzerland the scene of the Swiss struggle against Habsburg Western Switzerland the scene of the Swiss

Turkey, (Ottoman Empire.)

87

The Turkish Em62

w.
68
69 78

97

GO

67 struggle against Burgundy Switzerland during the 16th century (a part of 78 the German Empire) Tin- independent republic of Switzerland (with 80 Wallis and Valtellinaj since 1648 The independent republic of Switzerland dur91-99 ing the 19th century 34 Syracuse, (l'lan of the city and harbors of J

The The The The The The The The

pire of Iconium in the 13th century Ottoman Empire in the 15th century 0. Empire in its greatest extent in 1682 N.W. boundary of the Empire about 1550... N.W. boundary of the Empire about 1748.. N.W. boundary of the Empire about 1795.... Turkish Empire in Europe since 1829 Turkish Empire in Europe since 1866 Turkish Empire in Europe since 1870

Wettin, (The House

Dukes

of.)

Elder or Ernestine branch. Electors of Saxony since 1422

of Saxony since 1547. Younger or Albertine branch. Electors of Saxony since 1547 Electors of Saxony and kings in Poland since

67

85
91

94
97

80

99

1697

82, 85

u.
United States,
in

1783

73

V.
Valtellina. From 1512 till part of Switzerland (the upper valley of
1797 the South-eastern
the

Electors of Saxony since 1763 Kings of Saxony and Dukes of Warsaw since 1807 Kings of Saxony since 1815 Prussian vassal-kings since 1866 97, Wittelsbach, (The House of ) Dukes of Bavaria since 1180 Dukesof Bavaria and Count-Palatines since 1215 Dukes of Bavaria and Elector-Palatines since

87 91 94

99
63

63
07 67

T.
of the city and harbor of) the ruins of Egyptian) Plan 01 the Greek town of) Thessaly, (The S.E. division of N. Greece)

1270

Adda)
27
3 la

Tarentum, (Plan Thebes, l'lan of

(
I

Vandal Empire.
(

About 500

a.

d
a.
i>.

80 49
67
Venetian,

The elderbranchEleetor-Palatines(1294-1799) 77, 82 The younger branch Dukes of Bavaria since

1294

Venice. The Venetian dominion about 1400

The Morea, although
in reality

78,82
of Bavaria (162380,
all

was

The younger branch Electors

1777)

18 13
n. c.

Thrace, (To the north

of the .Egean Sea) A satrapy of the Persian Empire since 60S A Roman province since 47 a. i> Tripolis. (Christian kingdom of, in 1162)

11

generally considered a province of the Byzantine This is indicated by giving it the same Empire. color as Venice on Map 67, but green on Map 68.)

82

Union of
(

the Wittelsbach territories in

the elder

179'.l

Under Max Josef representing

branch)

87
91 94 97 99

43 59

Troy,

The Field of)

The The The The

Venetian Venetian Venetian Venetian

dominion about 1515 A. D dominion about 1550 a. d dom during the 17th century. ..80, dom. during the 18lh century ...82,

79 78
81

Kings of Bavaria since 1805 Kings of Bavaria and the Palatinate since 1*16 Kings of Bavaria and the Palatinate since 1866
Prussian vassal-kings since 1871

85

I'H-Kt

progressive Nfap

CHALDAEAN
under
A
i

ASCENDENCY
l.m

t'hetlov
i

mev

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EGYPTIAN ASCKXDKNCY
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111

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it

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fut
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In tt i a ns Da rictus
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iichuvfttts

and Afolian

VIII

BELLAS
.ma

PELOPOXNKSrS

ITALY
during the peg a]
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X
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ROME & CARTHAGE

///
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XIV

XV
Seventh progressiva

Map

THE

ROMAN ASCEBDEHCl
h'i/niifn

dm-iny die first CeiUmyAJ)

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Temple Faiutn
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XVI
Tlu'Bosj>ui'us

and

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ITALY
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XVII
Division

&

Subdivision of the

ROMAN EMPIRE
since 395
The H'^khii.1.1).

The tjreeft h'rii pi i-r * iiihifr,! The Latin Bmpiix i*tmtor**\

Ww

^'Iift'lr /Ae >if>ee*e*

XVIII

XIX

The division

<>l"

tlie

FKAXKISH EMPIRE
in5B7 A.D

XX
Eighth progressive nxap

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under
(*iltf>h

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xplana tioai of colors

world
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colored

ycUo
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ts colored,
is

The

Ataham mtdau world

colored

XXI

XXII

XXIII

XXIV
Sultanate
of

Iconium

EUROPE
durliLg the 'Die Ao> of
Ci '

Ow drasaxLes
biuM

Century

Thr poaae&iian* vl'tlie TluntuurnH* iii JlfiOar, Itm-d The f'ffftn/in h'rnptre coloret! f,Ln.n The Christian states in the EuM ttrr aljontfhtue

'flu-

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tJ

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ief/o\r

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XXV

XXVI

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colored

tfrwn

XXVIII
kni;i,\vi)

WESTERN EUROPE
about 1400 A D
English dominion hlustuzes
.1i/tii/tiirt/'

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POLAND
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ii.i.

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X.XIX

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map
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J.ivoiiia

XXXIV

In

I>()

LAN

I)

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House a/'Son>-htm Vjni'it4,'t BauHwttJ

I*

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of*

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1713.
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XXXV
Comi'IhiuL into*
,

El'UOPK
Peace
of

i.n

1718

Aix la Cham-He.

XXXVI
b'rrnvi,

l^/.uhltr

h'tul

The
'i

hk

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of KiOMOUfg
(>tli I ftha

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<f

WUtaUbcLch
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turn,
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The

three Partitions of

Poland

HI'.\C:A11Y

tvkkkyi

WWII.
Tr

[RELA N

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'

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XXXVIII

Hue

rf /;.,-.*...,

f.-r./

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IX

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XXXIX

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Peace of Prag'ur.

.V/ //,,./ //.T

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M &.ROCCO
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Sicilv

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY

Los Angeles

This book

is

DUE on

the last date stamped below.

REC'O ID

" MAR

Ultl

URC
1 5 1979

APR

6^1
ttMJffi"

**Cfc

A PR
REC'D

LDUMI

Q*c
pr.
ifPf

MAR 26 #79

fi,

MAY

2 6 1978

Form L9-Serii

Lilh
573