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Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
Presentation Outline
Network Architecture
Phase 1 (2001) Phase 2 (2002+)
Radio Interface
Multiple access schemes versus CDMA W-CDMA technology (Spreading Spectrum) Mechanisms to optimize performances Limits Code planning versus Frequency planning
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RNC
Iub
OMC R
Core Network
(GSM/GPRS NSS Based)
HLR
Radio Site
ATM Concentrator
Node B Node B
Iub
ATM
Iu
A
Uu
Iur
Iu
SGSN
CAP
Node B
Radio Site
Iub
RNC Iu
Gb
GGSN
Gn
Iub
ATM
Node B
UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
OMC B
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RNC
Iub
OMC R
Core Network
(Packet Network)
OAMP Billing
Radio Site
ATM Concentrator
PSTN/TDM Gateway UMTS SMG HLR Call Server Mobility (Spectrum) Succession Manager IN
Node B Node B
Iub
ATM
Iu
Uu
Iur
Iu UTRAN Gateway Iu
Node B
Radio Site
Iub
RNC
Iub
ATM
Node B
UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
OMC B
4
Power
TDMA (digital)
30 KHz
A channel is identified by a carrier frequency and a Time Slot assignment. The channel is the set of TS intervalls used by the communication
Power
FTDMA (GSM)
Power
Time Frequency
Time
Frequency
Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access technology to provide Speech, LCD and UDD services implementing FDD or TDD modes On Physical Channels
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Performances
Soft and softer Handover to improve quality
A mobile is listened by several BTS simultaneously User traffic is taken in charge instantaneously by the new BTS (data is then encoded with another code)
Power Control
Fast power control to optimize capacity (number of users) Power Interferences Capacity
Limits
DL limits: UMTS cell capacity constrained by the number of active users and the maximum power available at the BTS Key mechanism to optimize cell capacity = Power control algoritm UL limits: trade-off between coverage (cell radius) and guaranteed data service in the cell CDMA link budget expertise and receiver performances
Northern Telecom - Confidential Information - may not be copied or disclosed without permission
W-CDMA distinguishes users by codes, the same channel can be deployed in adjacent cells. Prefered configuration for initial deployments Every UMTS cell site can use the same 5 MHz band . N = 1 Reuse Channel reuse problem encountered in GSM is eliminated. Greatly simplifies frequency planning in a fully W-CDMA environment.
UMTS: N=1 Means UMTS: N=1 Means Minimal Frequency Minimal Frequency Planning is Required Planning is Required
1 1 1 1 5 6 CELL 1 7 5 6 CELL 1 4 7 2 3 4 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1
Thank you !
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Multiple Access
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Multiple Access
Channel #i
Channel #i
Channel #i
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Multiple Access
Near Far Problem
The User 1 is an interferer for the User 2 The User 2 is an interferer for the User 1 The two signals are not synchronised and the codes are not completely orthogonal without power control the base station cannot discriminate the two signals
Channel #i
User 2
Channel #i
User 1
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Multiple Access
IMT-2000 Spectrum
1850 1900
1885 MHz
Unpaired Spectrum
1950 2000 2050 2100
2110 MHz
2150
2200
2170 MHz
MSS
2250
2010 MHz
ITU
IMT 2000
1920 MHz
MSS
IMT 2000
2025 MHz
Europe
UMTS
FDD
MSS
TDD
UMTS
FDD
MSS
USA
PCS
A D B E F C A D B EF C
MSS
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
Paired Spectrum
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Code Division
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Code Division
Cscramb Cch
Cscram
b
Cscramb
Channel #i Sector 2
Cscram
b
Cch
Cscram
b
Sector 1
Sector 3
Cch
Channel #i
Cscram
b
Cch
Cscramb
Channel #i
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Code Division
Physical Data/Control Channels
cos ( t) p(t)
Cscramb
I+jQ
Downlink (BSMS)
Physical Data Channels
Downlink: two bits are transformed into 1 complex symbol SF = Chip Rate/ (2 symbol rate)
Cch,i
Physical Control Channel Channelization Code (OVSF)
cos ( t) p(t)
Cscramb
I+jQ
Uplink (MSBS)
Uplink:
Cch,i
one bit is mapped on the I part of the modulation SF = Chip Rate/(symbol rate)
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Code Division
Scrambling And Channelization Codes Channelization codes (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor)
In DL and UL, one Cch assigned by user (handset). To spread (Spreading Factor SF) user data rate to the system chip rate. To preserve the orthogonality between user s different physical channels OVSF codes defined using a code tree.
Where each level in the tree defines a channelization code of length SF. A code can be assigned if and only if no other code on the path from specific code to the root of the tree or in sub-tree below the specific code is already used by an another user.
Code Division
( +) D(t)
RX C(t- n)
Delay ( n)
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Code Division
Voice calls Data calls
Sampling
Channel Coding
1st Interleaving
Rate Matching
Signalling
Channel Coding
1st Interleaving
Baseband Processing
Chip Rate 3.84 Mcps Channelization Channelization (OVSF) (OVSF) Channelization Channelization (OVSF) (OVSF)
Power Amplification
I
S/P S/P
Q
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Radio
Digital Radio
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UMTS Performances
ATM Concentrator
Node B
Node B
Diversity (TX/RX)
Softer Handover
Soft Handover
UMTS Performances
Power control
Open Loop Power Control Access channel (the mobile is not connected) Outer Loop Power Control (communication quality target) RNC
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Limits
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UMTS Performances
DownLink Limits
BS Power Amplifier
50W
0W
MS1
MS2
MS3
MSi
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UMTS Performances
UpLink Limits
Lowest Despread Signal Eb/No Maximum Noise Floor (KTBdB+NFdB)
BS Receiver
MS1
x kbps
MS2
MS3
x kbps
MSi
y kbps
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UMTS Performances
Limits
UPLINK DOWNLINK
The capacity is tuned by the power control: PBTS= pi where pi is the power given to user i at time t and PBTS the maximum available power at the BTS by multipath interferences Capacity is constrained by the number of active users in a cell and the power allocation policy.
Speech 8 Kbps 5,5 km (equivalent to Data 20-30 Kbps possibly more with high-power mobile)
Basic Set of Assumptions (ETSI): Tri-Sector Macro-Cell Outdoor Vehicular 120 km/h environment MS-Power: 21 dBm for voice and 27 dBm for Data MS Gain: 2 dB for Data Terminal: Antenna Height: 40 m 50% load 26
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Time
Code Multiplex
UMTS USER 2
Cch15
DS-CDMA FDD
Cch31
UMTS USER 1
Cch15
Frequency
1920 MHz
1980 MHz
2110 MHz
2170 MHz
Power
Cch38 Cch61
Cch91
Time
Cch25
DL UL DL
TD-CDMA TDD
5 MHz
1900 MHz or 2010 MHz
DL UL
625 s
1920 MHz or 2025 MHz
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Services
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Services
Power
User 3
UDD service C100
C74
W-CDMA FDD
C11
C32
User 2
UDD service C15 C100
User 1
LCD service
Frequency
UL
DL
C25
Spreading Spectrum
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Spreading Spectrum
Notion
Code 1 (Ksps) User 1 Symbol Rate (ksps)
3.84 Mcps
User 2 Symbol Rate (ksps) (>User 1) Spreading Factor (SF)
Spreading Spectrum
Principle And Advantage (DS-CDMA) GSM
Bursted Mode
270 Kbit
200 KHz
W-CDMA
Processing Gain
X Code (OVSF)
CW Mode
3.84 Mcps
5 MHz
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Spreading Spectrum
Properties
A Narrow Band signal spread with a code is a spread signal. A spread signal is despread with the same spreading code.
OVSF code
NB
A spread signal despread with the wrong code remains spread OVSF code
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SPREADING SPECTRUM
(1,1,1,1)
(1,1) Unusable
(1,1,-1,-1)
(1)
(1,-1,1,-1)
Unusable
(1,-1)
(1,-1,-1,1)
No Spreading Factor
SF = 1
SF = 2
Spreading Spectrum
Mapping Of Bearers On Physical Channels
LCD64 UDD64
UDD64 UDD64 UDD64 UDD64 Speech Speech Speech Speech Speech Speech Speech Speech
LCD64 LCD144 UDD144 UDD384 LCD384 UDD384 LCD384 LCD144 LCD64 LCD144 UDD144
UDD144 LCD64 UDD64 UDD144 LCD64 UDD64 UDD144 LCD64 UDD64 UDD144
SF=4
SF=8
SF=16
SF=32
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Spreading OVSF
Transmited Signal
USER 1 Code Cch1 (SF=16) USER 2 Code Cch2 (SF=4) Transmitted Signal (fixed Chip Rate) 1 -1
-1
-1
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Spreading OVSF
Received Signal
+
=4 = -4
+
=4
+
=4 = -4
+
=4
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Spreading OVSF
Orthogonality
To (synchronisation)
1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1
Cj
1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1
Ck
-1 1
-1 1
-1 1
-1
=0
+
No correlation between codes. Cj presence does not affect Ck energy. If To not respected then no orthogonality ==> Interference
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Network Interfaces
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Network Interfaces
Non Access Stratum (OSI 4-7)
CM MM Gc Nt Dc
User Data
RANAP Access Stratum (OSI 1-3) SCCP RRC MAC RLC MAC PHY Uu interface User Equipment RRC MAC RLC MAC PHY MTP 3 AAL5 AAL 2 ATM ATM PHY Iu interface
Core Network
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Network Interfaces
Iu
Payload (IP)
U-SGSN
Gn C-Plane IP
Session Management
SM
RAN
RNC
PS Domain
G G S N
IP
Internet
or
Mobility Management
Intranets
RNC
DMTAP MM-CS
U-MSC
Call Control Mobility Management PSTN Interworking
RNC
CS Domain
PCM
PSTNs/ ISDNs
Iu:
Voice Transcoding
= Bearer Path (User-Plane or U-Plane) 43 = Transport Layer Signalling Path (Control-Plane or C-Plane) Presentation name - Date = Radio Network Layer Signalling Path
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Network Interfaces
Uu
Non Access Stratum Non Access Stratum Access Stratum Access Stratum L3 L3
Logical Channels SAP (Service Access Point)
Gc
Control Plane
User Plane
Nt
Dc
RLC
Dedicated Traffic Channel
L2 L2
Logical Channels
Channel coding
L1 L1
Common pCH
Shared pCH
Dedicated pCH
ODMA pCH
Physical Channels
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Physical Channels
Frame #0
Frame #1
Frame #i
Frame #71
Physical Channels
Sync pCH
Primary CCpcCH (1024 chips) Primary CCpcCH (Pilot) Secondary CCpcCH (256 chips) Pilot
Primary CCpCH
Secondary CCpCH
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Physical Channels
10 ms
1
1.25 ms
Uplink (UE)
i er u a ng S t i i er u a ng S t i
pilot
Downlink (Cell)
Rate Information
i er u a ng S t i
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Physical Channels
Dedicated pCHs (FDD)
Slot #1 Slot #2
Downlink I&Q
TFCI
=Ntfci bits
Data1
Ndata1bits
TPC
Ntpc bits
Data2
Ndata2bits
Pilot
Npilot bits
DpdCH
Uplink
I + Q
Data
Ndatabits
Pilot
Npilot bits
TFCI
=Ntfci bits DpcCH
FBI
Nfbi bits
TPC
Ntpc bits
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Physical Channels
TDD Frame example
10 ms Frame = 16 slots = 40960 chips
Common Dedicated Control pCH
TS#0
TS#1
...
TS#7
TS#8
TS#9
...
Dedicated pCH
TS#15
DCH4
DCH1 DCH2
RA CH RA CH
DCH4
DCH3
RA CH
Up to 8 users per slot in uplink (Code Division) Up to 16 simultaneous RACH (Code Division+Time Division)
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Physical Channels
Access Burst 1
RACH Data
Access Burst 2
RACH Data
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Physical Channels
Sync pCH
Toffset
Tgap
BCH/FACH/PCH Data
BCH/FACH/PACH Data
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Physical Channels
Burst structure (TDD)
1 slot = 0,625 ms = 2560 I&Q chips 1/2 slot = 0,315 ms = 1280 I&Q chips Burst type 1
Data symbols*SF 976 chips Midamble
512 chips
Data Symbols*SF
976 chips
Burst type 2
Data symbols*SF
1104 chips
Midamble
256 chips
Data Symbols*SF
1104 chips
Midamble
512 chips
Midamble
512 chips
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