Arhitectura functionala GSM

CS-domain
BTS

BSS
BSC MFS

MSC/VLR

GMSC PSTN

Circuit Core Network

GSM

Multimode handset

HLR
BTS MBS SGSN

GSM EGPRS UMTS

UMTS GSM

MBS
UMTS /GSM

ATM MUX

GGSN RNC

GPRS backbone

UTRAN

IP Network

MBS RNC
UMTS

PS-domain

Arhitectura functionala GSM

OSS
interventii

GSM
MS

BSS
abonati

NSS

Alte retele

Arhitectura functionala GSM

structura retelei: abrevieri

MS Mobile Station terminalul propriu-zis (ME mobile

equipment) impreuna cu o cartela SIM (Subscriber Identification Module)

BSS Base Station System = partea radio, raspandita in

teritoriu, cu care interactioneaza direct statiile mobile (MS)

NSS Network Sub-System = partea de centrala telefonica,

grupata in citeva amplasamente geografice (situri)

OSS Operations Support System = partea de operare si

intretinere, asigurata prin sisteme specifice producatorilor

Arhitectura functionala GSM

Mobile Subscriber (ME + SIM)

ME (Mobile Equipment): terminalul mobil, identificat unic

prin IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity), format din 1516 digiti

SIM (Subscriber Identification Module), este un modul

(card) ce contine urmatoarele informatii: IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity), TMSI(Temporary IMSI), Ki (cheie de criptare), Service Provider Name (SPN), si Local Area Identity (LAI). De asemenea, pe SIM se mai pot stoca numere de telefon apelate sau receptionate, cheia Kc (folosita la criptare), agenda telefonica, sau alte aplicatii(Grup Mesaje Scrise, Agenda Backup, etc).

Schimburi in retea: securitatea convorbirii

... ...
Identification key (128 bits) RAND

Random number selection Radio Channel

RAND (128 bits)

SIM card Ki

AuC Ki

A3

A3 Signed ref. (32 bits) SRES

A3

A3

SRES

=?
A8 A8 Kc : Cipher key for the call (64 bits) A5 Speech - Data - Signalling Cipher command Kc OK A8 A8 BTS

A5

Ciphered data

A5 A5 Speech - Data - Signalling

Ciphering/Deciphering

Ciphering/Deciphering

Arhitectura functionala GSM

BSS Base Station System
NSS
PSTN/ ISDN TC

BSS

Arhitectura functionala GSM

definitii: tip BSS (Base Station System)

BSS = partea radio, raspindita in teritoriu, ce realizeaza legatura cu

statiile mobile (MS)

Celule: suprafete fizice in care este impartita aria de acoperire a

unei retele de telefonie mobila

BTS: (Base Transceiver Station):statie de baza

TRX: echipamente de emisie-receptie

BSC: (Base Station Controller) controllerul statiilor de baza

TC: transcoder (TRAU)

Arhitectura functionala GSM

BSS Base Station System: elemente

BTS statia de baza care transmite/primeste apeluri

la/de_la MS. Include echipamente radio de transmisie (emisie/receptie (TRX) pentru fiecare sector (mono/bi/tri-sectorial)) si de semnalizare.

BSC controlerul statiilor de baza - indeplineste functia

de management al resurselor radio , actionind in acelasi timp ca un comutator si ca un concentrator. Controleaza: transferul intracelular al semnalului intre BTS-uri, realocarea frecventelor intre BTS-uri.

TC TransCoders - conversia de format a datelor (de la 13 la

64kbit/s si invers) intre BSC-uri si partea de centrala (MSC) unde este si localizat fizic.

Arhitectura functionala GSM

celule: plan celular
4 3 4 3 4 2 7 9 12 1 6 4 2 7 2 8 11 7 9 12 5 3 1 6 9 12 10 8 11 1 6 4 10 8 11 7 2 5 3 1 9 5 12 6 7 9 12 10 8 11 5 1 6 8 11 5

10

Arhitectura functionala GSM celule: canale in GSM 900/1800

960 960 1880 MHz

frecvente

200 kHz

banda descendenta (BTS ->MS)

935 925 1805
banda 1800 (2 x 75 MHz : 374 canale)

banda 900 (2 x 25 MHz : 124 canale)

915 915

1785 MHz

banda ascendenta MS -> BTS

890 880 1710
posibila extensie a benzii GSM (2 x 35 MHz : 174 canale)

Arhitectura functionala GSM

UPLINK Band (MS -> BTS) 890-915 MHz

DOWNLINK Band (BTS ->MS) 925-960MHz

title

Arhitectura functionala GSM

celule: BTS- mono/bi/tri-sectorial
Omni-directional
acoperirea unei arii slab-populate

Uni-directional
acoperirea unui drum

Sectorial
acoperirea in localitati

BTS: outdoor

title

Arhitectura functionala GSM

NSS Network Sub-System
MSC PSTN/ ISDN

EIR SMS-C VLR

AuC

HLR

Arhitectura functionala GSM NSS Network Sub-System

MSC Mobile-service Switching Center = centrala

telefonica propriuzisa (comutatorul), asigura interconectarea abonatilor mobili cu retele de telefonie publica (PSTN)

HLR Home Location Register = baza de date

statica, permanenta, cu profile de abonati; contine si date referior la localizarea si starea abonatului

VLR Visitor Location Register = baza de date

dinamica, in care sunt inscrisi abonatii ce se afla temporar in aria unui alt MSC decit cel unde au fost declarati

AuC Authentication Center = contine chei de

criptare in vederea securizarii identitatii abonatilor unei retele

Arhitectura functionala GSM NSS Network Sub-System

VMS Voice Mail Server = server utilizat in retelele GSM, ce gestioneaza si stocheaza casute vocale ale abonatiolor SMS-C Short Message Service Center = echipament destinat trimiterii si stocarii SMS-urilor EIR Equipment Identification Register = baza de date operationala referitoare la identificarea aparatelor mobile, in baza IMEI-ului

Arhitectura functionala GSM

NSS nodul de comutatie

MSC = SSP + RCP (+VLR)

SSP Service Switching Point = creerea conexiunilor de la si catre abonatii mobili sub control RCP, creerea conexiunilor de tranzit, dispune de diverse resurse (anulatori de ecou, generatoare de tonuri) pe care le poate angaja pentru diverse conexiuni pe care le realizeaza) RCP Radio Control Point = asigura mobilitatea (controlul BSS, operatiuni referitoare la managementul mobilitatii, controlul SSP pentru creerea si desfacerea conexiunilor) VLR Visitors Location Register = stocarea informatiilor dinamice referitoare la abonatii localizati, dialogul cu HLR

Schimburi in retea: secventa tipica de apel

... MS ...
CHANNEL REQUEST IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT CM SERVICE REQUEST GSM Network PSTN or ISDN

SET-UP of an RR CONNECTION (MO)

SERVICE INDICATION

AUTHENTICATION REQUEST AUTHENTICATION RESPONSEAUTHENTICATION CIPHERING MODE CMD TRANSITION to CIPHERING MODE CIPHERING MODE COMPLETE SET UP CALL PROCEEDING ASSIGNMENT CMD ASSIGNMENT COM START of CALL

TRAFFIC CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT CALL CONFIRMATION CALL ACCEPTED

ALERTING
CONNECT CONNECT ACK

Schimburi in retea: stabilirea unei conexiuni radio

... ...
MS
RACH

Um

A bis

RRCHANNEL REQUEST

BTS

BSC

MSC

BTSM CHANNEL REQUIRED

ASSIGNMENT of an SDCCH Channel BTSMCHANNEL ACTIV. SDCCH N

ACTIVATION of Channel indicated CHANNEL ACTIV. ACK BTSM RR IMM. ASSIGN. CMD RRIMMEDIATE ASSIGN. AGCH SDCCH N CONNECTION to the T3101 SDCCH Channel MM CM_SERVICE REQUEST SDCCH ESTABLISH INDIC. SABM

SCCP CONNECT REQUEST MM CM_SERVICE REQUEST MM CM_SERVICE REQUEST T9105 MM CM_SERVICE REQUEST SCCP CONNECT CONFIRM SDCCH UA

Schimburi in retea: actualizarea locatiei

... ...
Um MS BTS A bis BSC A MSC VLR HLR

RACH

CHANNEL REQUEST RR BTSM CHANNEL REQUIRED BTSM CHANNEL ACTIV. BTSM CHANNEL ACTIV. ACK RR IMMEDIATE ASSIGN. IMM. ASSIGN. CMD RR

AGCH SDCCH SABM MMLoc. Upd. Req. UA MMLoc. Upd. Req. ESTABLISH INDIC. SCCP CONNECT REQUEST MA MMLoc. Upd. Req. P SCCP CONNECT CONFIRM

MMLoc. Upd. Req.

UPDATE LOCATION UPDATE LOCATION MAP AREA MAP UPDATE LOCATION ACC INSERT SUBSCR. DATA MAP

LOCATION UPDATING MM ACCEPT

DATA REQUEST

MMLoc. Upd. Acc. TMSI TMSI REALLOC COMPLETE MM DATA INDICATION MM TMSI Realloc. compl.

SCCP DATA MMLoc. Upd. Acc.

TMSI Alloc. MAPLOC. AREA UPD. ACC. MAP INSERT SUB. DATA ACK

SCCP DATA MM TMSI Realloc. compl.

Schimburi in retea: apel international

VMSC VLR

... ...

Visited PLMN COUNTRY 3

Incoming

International SCCP Gateways

Outgoing
Home PLMN Incoming interrogation GMSC PSTN COUNTRY 1 COUNTRY 2 HLR

Outgoing

Schimburi in retea: handover intra BSC

BTS BSC

MSC /
VLR PSTN

Schimburi in retea: handover intra BSC

... ...
Um
MS BTS 1 BTS 2
MEASUREMENT REPORT MEASUREMENT REPORT

A bis
BSC

A
MSC

PSTN or ISDN

RR SACCH MEASUREMENT REPORT RR SACCH MEASUREMENT REPORT

Internal Handover decision BTSM CHANNEL ACTIV. BTSM CHANNEL ACTIV. ACK DATA REQUEST Handover Cmd RR RRHANDOVER COMMAND (RELEASE REQUEST) (old FACCH Local End T8 ) (new)FACCH HANDOVER ACCESS RR HANDOVER DETECTION (access burst) RRPHYSICAL INFO Changeover to new channel FACCH SABM ESTABLISH INDIC. UA HANDOVER COMPLETE RR DATA INDICATION SCCP DATA RRHandover. compl. BTSM CHANNEL RELEASE RF BSSMAP H.O. Performed

RF BTSM CHANNEL RELEASE ACK Release of old channel

OSS: Operations Support System

OMC-X: Operation and Maintenance Centre

X: BSS/NSS (CS, PS)/Transmisiuni/VAS

analizeaza alarmele din entitati instaleaza noi elemente de software parametrizeaza elementele

OSS (Operations Support System)

Network Management Center (Operation & Maintenance)

BSS OMC-R
MFS

NMC

OMC-G

SGSN

GGSN OMC-S

MSC/VLR HLR

Q&A