Chng 1 TNG QUAN V THNG TIN V TINH

Lch s pht trin Cu trc ca h thng thng tin v tinh Cc loi qu o trong h thng thng tin v tinh Phn b tn s cho cc h thng TT v tinh u, nhc im ca h thng TT v tinh

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1.1. Lch s pht trin

Th chin th 2 gp phn pht trin, do:

S pht trin ca tn la.

S pht trin ca viba

S kt hp ca hai k thut ny m ra k nguyn thng tin v tinh

Nm 1957, v tinh nhn to Sputnik ca Lin X c phng thnh cng. Mt lot cc th nghim v thng tin v tinh:

1958: Tng thng Eishenhower gi li chc mng ging sinh qua v tinh SCORE 1960: v tinh phn x ECHO; truyn dn kiu lu tr-chuyn tip bng v tinh COURIER
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1.1. S ra i ca cc h thng TTVT

Mt lot cc th nghim v thng tin v tinh (tip):

Nm 1962: v tinh chuyn tip bng rng TELSTAR v RELAY Nm 1963: v tinh a tnh SYNCOM c phng.

Nm 1965: v tinh a tnh nhn to u tin (INTELSAT1) c phng; t chc INTELSAT(International Telecommunications Satellite) c thnh lp.

Mt lot cc v tinh INTELSAT c phng sau . y l v tinh truyn thng u tin.

Cng nm 1965: Lin x phng v tinh MOLNYA

T 1975, mt lot v tinh a tnh dng cho vin thng c phng thnh cng (Lin X c tn la Proton).
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Satellite Communication

1.2. Cu trc h thng TTVT

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Satellite Communication

1.2. Cu trc h thng TTVT (tip)

on v tr: gm

V tinh: l im qu giang, gm:

Phn ti: cc anten thu, pht v cc thit b h tr truyn dn cc sng mang.

Phn thn: thit b gip cho phn ti hot ng (TT&C; thit b y; b K th bay v qu o; b ngun) C nhim v:

Khuch i cc sng mang nhn c (u vo t 100pW ti 1nW; u ra t 10 ti 100 W) Thay i tn s sng mang

on iu khin: cc phng tin trn mt t iu khin v gim st v tinh:

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Trung tm iu khin (trm qun l mng) Cc trm TT&C ( Tracking, telemetry v Command)
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1.2. Cu trc h thng TTVT (tip)

on mt t:

Gm tt c cc trm mt t:

Ni vi thit b ngi dng qua mng di t.

Ni trc tip vi ngi dng nu l trm VSAT ng knh 30 m (trm ln nht) ng knh 0,6 m (trm nh nht)

Anten trong cc trm mt t:

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1.2. Cu trc h thng TTVT (tip)

on mt t (tip):
Trc anten

Gc ngng ng chn tri Cp ngun

B phi hp

Bm

Gim st v iu khin

B K CS cao RF

B iu ch IF

Tn hiu bng tn gc

B K Tp m thp RF
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B gii iu ch IF

Tn hiu bng tn gc
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Satellite Communication

1.3. Cc loi qu o trong h thng TTVT

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1.3. Cc loi qu o trong h thng TTVT

Khi nim:

L ng i ca v tinh trong th cn bng gia hai lc ngc chiu

Lc hp dn Lc ly tm

Qu o nm trong mt mt phng, c dng Elip, trong :

im xa tri t nht l vin im m gn tri t nht l cn im

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1.3. Cc loi qu o trong h thng TTVT

Phn loi:

HEO (Highly Elpitical Orbit): qu o elip cao

GSO (Geostationary Orbit) hay GEO (Geostatinary Earth Orbit): qu o a tnh

MEO (Medium Earth Orbit): qu o trung LEO (Low Earth Orbit): qu o thp

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1.4. Phn b tn s trong h thng TTVT

Mc ch:

Nhm hn ch can nhiu ln nhau gia cc v tinh v vi cc trm, i pht sng Da vo nhim v, yu cu ca v tinh

Th tc: 4 bc

La chn tn s ring bit cho ng ln v ng xung

ng k tn s vi U ban Qun l tn s quc t (IFRB) thuc Hip hi vin thng quc t (ITU) ITU chp nhn v phn b tn s

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1.4. Phn b tn s trong h thng TTVT

Nguyn tc phn b: chia lm 3 vng

Vng 1: Chu u, Chu Phi, Lin x cu v Mng C

Vng 2: Bc M, Nam M v o Xanh

Vng 3: Chu (tr vng 1), c v Ty nam Thi Bnh Dng Cc dch v v tinh c nh (FSS) Cc dch v v tinh qung b (BSS) Cc dch v v tinh di ng (MSS) Cc dch v v tinh o hng Cc dch v v tinh kh tng

Cc dch v c cung cp: 5 loi c bn

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1.4. Phn b tn s trong h thng TTVT

Cc bng tn s dng cho cc dch v v tinh

Di tn, GHz 0,1 - 0,3 0,3 - 1,0 1,0 - 2,0 2,0 - 4,0 4,0 - 8,0 8,0 - 12,0 12,0 -18,0 18,0 - 27,0 27,0 - 40,0 40,0 75,0 75,0 -110,0 110,0 -300,0 300,0 - 3000,0
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K hiu VHF UHF L S C X Ku K Ka V W mm m

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Satellite Communication

1.4. Phn b tn s trong h thng TTVT

Cc bng tn s dng cho cc dch v v tinh (tip)

Bng Ku: cho cc dch v v tinh qung b trc tip v dch v v tinh c nh (12-14 GHz) Bng C: dch v v tinh c nh (4-6 GHz) Bng VHF: cho dch v di ng v o hng

Bng L: cho dch v di ng v o hng

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1.5. u, nhc im h thng TTVT

u im

Vng ph sng rng

Dung lng knh thng tin ln

S dng bng tn rng Cc k thut a truy nhp Cc tuyn c thit lp nhanh chng C th thay i ty theo yu cu s dng

Tinh linh hot cao

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1.5. u, nhc im h thng TTVT

Nhc im

u t ban u ln

Thi gian tn ti ca h thng thp

C mt s gii hn:

Phn chia qu o, tn s, cng sut

Kh khn, tn km trong vic bo dng

nh hng bi mi trng bn ngoi.

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1.2. Cu trc h thng TTVT

Gm 02 on: on mt t v on v tr
on v tr

Cc tuyn ln

Trm iu khin, TT&C

Cc tuyn xung

Cc my pht on mt t
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Cc my thu

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