GiaoTrinh THVP2011

I HC CNG NGHIP TP.
HCM
KHOA KHOA HC & K THUT MY TNH --------------
GIO TRNH
TIN HC VN PHNG
TNG QUAN V H THNG MY TNH H IU HNH WINDOWS 7 MICROSOFT WORD 2010 MICROSOFT EXCEL 2010 MICROSOFT POWERPOINT 2010 INTERNET V CC DCH V PH LC HNG DN NH MY
Lu hnh ni b -2011-
Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng
Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh
Chng 1. TNG QUAN V H THNG MY TNH

1.1. Thng Tin V X L Thng Tin
1.1.1. Khi nim v thng tin D liu (data) l cc d kin khng c ngha r rng. Khi d liu c x l xc nh ngha thc s ca chng, khi chng c gi l thng tin (information). i vi con ngi, d liu c mc thp nht ca kin thc v thng tin l mc th hai. Thng tin mang li cho con ngi s hiu bit v th gii xung quanh. Qu trnh x l thng tin cn bn nh sau: D liu c nhp u vo (Input), sau my tnh (hay con ngi) s thc hin x l nhn c thng tin u ra (Output). Lu l d liu c th lu tr bt c giai on no.
V d: Ngi ta tin hnh ghi nhn c d liu t camera cc hnh nh ng ph, sau tin hnh phn tch d liu c thng tin v mt s xe no . Ton b qu trnh lu tr trn a cng my tnh. Trong thi i hin nay, khi lng thng tin n vi chng ta cng lc cng nhiu th con ngi c th dng mt cng c h tr cho vic lu tr, chn lc v x l li thng tin gi l my tnh in t (Computer). My tnh in t gip con ngi tit kim rt nhiu thi gian, cng sc v tng chnh xc, gip t ng ha mt phn hay ton phn ca qu trnh x l d liu. Cng mt thng tin c th c biu din bng nhng d liu khc nhau, v d nh s 1 hay I. Tuy nhin i vi my tnh, biu din ny phi l duy nht c th sao chp m khng mt thng tin. My tnh biu din d liu bng h m nh phn. Tuy ch dng 2 k s l 0 v 1 (gi l bit) nhng h nh phn ny gip my tnh biu din - x l c trn hu ht cc loi thng tin m con ngi hin ang s dng nh vn bn, hnh nh, m thanh, video,...
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1.1.2. n v thng tin i vi my tnh, n v nh nht dng biu din thng tin gi l bit (Binary digit). Bit l mt ch s trong h thng s nh phn, n c th c gi tr 0 hoc 1. Trong b nh my tnh, mt bit l mt cng tc in nh c th bt (gi tr 1) hoc tt (gi tr 0). H nh phn s dng hai k s 0 v 1 biu din cc s. Khi biu din d liu, bit khng biu din c lp m c lp theo nhm 8 bit, gi l mt byte, vit tt l B. Do , mt Kilobyte ca RAM = 1024 byte hoc 8192 bit. Thc t, ngi ta t khi s dng n v m dng byte. Xem bng bn di thy cc biu din khc. Chn hn, th nh my chp hnh l 32GB, a CDROM l 650MB, a DVD l 4.3GB, a cng l 1TB.
Tn gi Byte KiloByte MegaByte GigaByte TetraByte
K hiu B KB MB GB TB
Gi tr =8bit =210B=1024Byte = 1024 KB=220B = 1024 MB=230B =1024GB=240B
Lu 1: Khi cp n dung lng lu tr, ngi ta s dng mt Kilo tng ng vi1024, s dng K vit hoa, v thng cp n byte (V d 1KB=1024Byte). Nhng khi cp n tc truyn d liu, ngi ta s dng Kilo tng ng 1000, s dng k vit thng, v cp n bit (v d: 1 kbit/s = 1000 bits per second). Lu 2: Vo nm 1998, t chc IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) cng b bng quy i n v thng tin theo quyt nh IEC 60027-2. Theo , n v mi gi l bi dng cho h nh phn khi chuyn i. V dng 1kibi tng ng vi 1024, trong khi 1 Kilo tng ng vi 1000. V d: kibibit=1024bit, v 1Kbit=1000bit; 1 kibibyte = 1024 byte
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v 1 KB=1000Byte. Tuy vy, mt s cc nh sn xut cng nghip vn tnh ton v hin th theo n v ban u.
1.2.
C Bn V Cu Trc My Tnh
Ti liu ny khng tp trung vo kin trc v cu hnh my tnh, tuy nhin vic nm r c bn cu hnh my tnh hin ti l iu quan trong gip hc vin c th chn la my tnh ph hp cng vic ca mnh. Trc khi mua my tnh bn nn tham kho kin ca cc chuyn gia v lnh vc ny. V mt thng mi, hin ti my tnh c chia lm cc dng: -Desktop: my bn, t di chuyn, to, gi r, cn ngun in li, tc cao, d nng cp, sa cha -Laptop (di chuyn, s dng pin, tc chm hn desktop, kh nng cp v sa cha) -Netbook: ging laptop nhng c cu hnh thp, r, thi gian s dng pin di, thng rt nh v nh, ch s dng cc vic n gin nh son vn bn v duyt Web. -TablePC: thng khng c bn phm, s dng mn hnh cm ng, tc chm, pin lu, thch hp cho vic ghi ch v duyt web. Cc dng my tnh ny ph hp cho mi loi cng vic ty theo mi ngi, v khng th thay th ln nhau. Da trn tiu ch s dng, my tnh c chia thnh ba loi chnh: my tnh vn phng, ha v gii tr. Mi h thng c trang b nhng phn cng c bn l bo mch ch (mainboard), thit b x l, b nh (RAM), cng (hard disk), v my km b ngun (case), bn phm (keyboard), chut (mouse) v mn hnh (monitor), v ci t phn mm ty theo cng vic. Ngoi ra, tu theo yu cu cng vic m mi ngi c th mua thm modem, my in (printer), my qut (scanner) v cc loi a... Mi loi my tnh c th c hnh dng hoc cu trc khc nhau, ty theo mc ch s dng. Mt cch tng qut, my tnh in t l mt h x l thng tin t ng gm 2 phn chnh: phn cng v phn mm.
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1.2.1. Phn cng (Hardware) Phn cng c th c hiu n gin l tt c cc phn trong my tnh m chng ta c th thy hoc s c. Phn cng bao gm 3 phn chnh: n v x l trung ng (CPU - Central Processing Unit). B nh (Memory). Thit b nhp xut (Input/Output).
B x l trung ng (CPU) B x l trung ng ch huy cc hot ng ca my tnh theo lnh v thc hin cc php tnh. CPU c 3 b phn chnh: khi iu khin, khi tnh ton s hc v logic, v mt s thanh ghi. Khi iu khin (Control Unit) l trung tm iu hnh my tnh c nhim v gii m cc lnh, to ra cc tn hiu iu khin cng vic ca cc b phn khc ca my tnh theo yu cu ca ngi s dng hoc theo chng trnh ci t. Khi tnh ton s hc v logic (Arithmetic-Logic Unit) thc hin cc php tnh s hc (cng, tr, nhn, chia,...), cc php tnh logic (AND, OR, NOT, XOR) v cc php tnh quan h (so snh ln hn, nh hn, bng nhau,...). Cc thanh ghi (Registers) ng vai tr b nh trung gian, gip tng tc trao i thng tin trong my tnh. Ngoi ra, CPU cn c gn vi mt ng h (clock) hay cn gi l b to xung nhp. Tn s ng h cng cao th tc x l thng tin cng nhanh. Thng th ng h c gn tng xng vi cu hnh my v c cc tn s dao ng (cho cc my Pentium 4 tr ln) l 2.0 GHz, 2.2 GHz,... hoc cao hn.
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B vi x l thng dng hin nay c cc dng Core I7 (X l a nhim bn-hoc tm-lun), Core I5 (X l a nhim bn-hoc tmlung), Core I3 (X l a nhim bn-lung) B nh B nh l thit b lu tr thng tin, c chia lm hai loi: b nh trong v b nh ngoi. B nh trong gm ROM v RAM. ROM (Read Only Memory) l b nh ch c, dng lu tr cc chng trnh h thng, chng trnh iu khin vic nhp xut c s (ROM-BIOS: ROM-Basic Input/Output System). D liu trn ROM c khng th thay i, khng b mt ngay c khi khng c in. RAM (Random Access Memory) l b nh truy xut ngu nhin, c dng lu tr d kin v chng trnh trong qu trnh thao tc v tnh ton. D liu lu trong RAM s mt i khi mt in hoc tt my. Dung lng b nh RAM cho cc my tnh hin nay thng thng vo khong 2GB MB, 4GB, 8GB . B nh ngoi bao gm cc thit b lu tr thng tin vi dung lng ln, thng tin khng b mt khi khng c in, c th ct gi v di chuyn c lp vi my tnh. C nhiu loi b nh ngoi ph bin nh: a cng (hard disk) vi dung lng hin nay khong 250 GB, 500 GB, 1TB, 2 TB... Lu l a cng l loi b nh ngoi mc d chng lun c gn bn trong my tnh. a quang (CD-dung lng ph bin khong 650 MB, DVD-khong 4.7 GB) thng lu tr m thanh, video c s dng trong cc phng tin a truyn thng (multimedia). Cc loi b nh ngoi khc nh th nh (Memory Stick, Compact Flash Card), USB Flash Drive c dung lng ph bin l 4G, 8GB, 16 GB... Cc thit b ngoi vi Thit b ngoi vi l cc thit b gip my tnh kt ni, trao i d liu vi th gii bn ngoi. Thit b ngoi vi c chia lm hai nhm l thit b nhp v thit b xut ty theo d liu i vo hay i ra my tnh. Cc thit b nhp gm: -Bn phm (keyboard) l thit b nhp chun, loi ph bin cha 104 phm chia lm 3 nhm phm chnh: nhm phm nh my gm cc phm ch, phm s v phm cc k t c bit (~, !, @, #, $, %, ^,&, ?,...); nhm phm chc nng gm cc phm t F1 n F12 v cc phm nh (phm di chuyn), phm PgUp (ln trang mn hnh), PgDn (xung
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trang mn hnh), Insert (chn), Delete (xa), Home (v u), End (v cui); nhm phm s (numeric keypad). -Thit b xc nh im (Pointing Device) nh chut (Mouse) chn mt v tr trn mn hnh, mn hnh cm ng (Touch Screen) -Thit b c: c nhiu loi nh u c quang hc (Opticalmark reader) dng nh sng phn x nhn thng tin c nh du, thit b c m vch (Barcode reader) dng nh sng c m vch, my qut (Scanner), my nh s (Digital camera), my quay phim s (Digital video camera) My qut, my nh, my quay l cc thit b s ha th gii thc. Cc thit b xut bao gm: -Mn hnh (Monitor): thit b xut chun. Mn hnh ph hin ti l mn hnh LCD vi phn gii c th t 1280 X 1024 pixel. Tng t vi mn hnh cn c my chiu (Projector). -My in (Printer): in thng tin ra giy. My in ph bin hin ti my in phun, my in laser trng en. 1.2.2. Phn mm (Software) Phn mm l cc chng trnh iu khin hot ng ca my tnh nhm thc hin yu cu x l cng vic ca ngi s dng. Phn mm c chia lm 2 loi: H iu hnh v phn mm ng dng. H iu hnh (Operating System Software) cha tp cc cu lnh ch dn phn cng my tnh v cc phn mm ng dng lm vic vi nhau. Khng c h iu hnh th my tnh khng th hot ng c. Chc nng chnh ca h iu hnh l thc hin cc lnh theo yu cu ca ngi s dng; qun l ti nguyn my tnh: b nh, cc thit b ngoi vi. Mt s h iu hnh ph bin l MS Windows (Windows 7, Vista, XP), Linux (Unbutu, Fedora), Mac, Unix Phn mm ng dng (Application Software) rt phong ph v a dng ty theo yu cu x l cng vic cho ngi s dng: son tho vn bn, tnh ton, phn tch s liu, ha, games. Phn mm c cc hng sn xut nng cp lin tc, tuy nhin cc tnh nng chnh ca phn mm thng c gi li nhm to s thn thin cho ngi s dng. Mt s phn mm ng dng c s dng rt ph bin hin nay nh: MS Word (ch bn in t), MS Excel (bng tnh), MS Access (c s d liu), Corel Draw, AutoCad, Photoshop ( ha), Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, FireFox (trnh duyt web)
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Chng 2. MICROSOFT WINDOWS

Hin nay c nhiu h iu hnh khc nhau nh Microsoft Windows (MS Windows), Linux, Mac... trong ph bin hn c l MS Windows do hng Microft sn xut. Phin bn hin ti ca MS Windows l Windows 7 (gi tt l Win7) l phin bn c s dng cho ton b gio trnh ny. MS Windows chia lm 2 dng sn phm: dng desktop cho ngi dung cui, v dng server dung phc v v qun l h thng mng. Dng desktop c nhiu phin bn nh: Win 3.1, Windows 95, Win 97, Win 98, Win Me, Win XP, Win Vista, Win 7. Giao din ha p mt v thn thin, d s dng, chng trnh ng dng phong ph gip Windows chim th phn ln khi so vi cc h iu hnh ca cc hng khc. Vi giao din ha Aero, Windows 7 to s mt m v p mt nht trong cc dng Windows, vi cc ca s 3D v trong sut to s thch th cho ngi dng. Ngoi ra Windows 7 cho php nhn 4GB, iu m Windows Xp khng th lm do XP ch s dng 32 bit. Nu my tnh bn c 4GB RAM th s lng ph nu s dng XP, do XP khng th s dng ht 4GB RAM. Windows 7 c chia lm 2 dng 32 bit v 64 bit, c nhiu phin bn khc nhau: Starter, Home Preminum, Professional, Ultimate. Phin bn Starter nh nht v ti gin nht dnh cho cc my netbook. Phin bn Ultimate l phin bn y v gi cao nht. Hc vin nn nghin cu thm s khc bit gia cc phin bn cc website sau y c chn la ng khi s dng Windows 7: http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-7/compare/ v http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-7/compare/32-bit-64-bitfaq.aspx.
2.1.
Tp Tin, Th Mc, a V ng Dn
2.1.1. Tp tin (File) Tp tin l tp hp d liu c t chc theo mt cu trc no . Ni dung ca tp tin c th l chng trnh, d liu, vn bn,... Mi tp tin c lu ln a vi mt tn (filename) thng c 2 phn: phn tn
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(name) v phn phn loi (extension) cch nhau bi du chm, v d nh: giaotrinhCSE.docx. Phn tn l phn bt buc, cn phn phn loi th c th c hoc khng. Phn tn do ngi to tp tin t bao gm cc k t ch t A n Z, cc ch s t 0 n 9, cc k t khc nh #, $, %, ~, ^, @, (, ), !, _, khong trng. Phn phn loi (cn gi l ui file) mc nh do chng trnh ng dng to ra, l 3 hoc 4 k t trong cc k t nu trn. Da vo ui file xc tp tin lu tr d liu loi no, vi mt s loi ph bin cn bit nh sau: com, exe (cc file c kh nng thc thi mt ng dng no trn h iu hnh); txt (file vn bn n gin); doc (file MS Word); xls (file MS Excel); bmp, gif, jpg (file nh); mp3, dat, wma, wmv, mov,mp4 (file m thanh, video). K hiu i din (Wildcard): ch mt nhm cc tp tin c tnh tng ng no , ta c th s dng hai k hiu i din. Du ? dng i din cho mt k t bt k trong tn tp tin ti v tr n xut hin. Du * i din cho mt chui k t bt k trong tn tp tin t v tr n xut hin. 2.1.2. a - th mc a (Drive): a l ni lu tr thng tin ph thuc vo thit b lu tr v c qun l bi MS Windows (khng phi l thit b lu tr vn c lp vi h iu hnh). Nh ta bit, my tnh dng thit b l a cng (hay CD, a USB) lu d liu. Tuy nhin, mt a cng c th chia lm nhiu a logic ( v d nh my tnh c mt HDD dung lng 500 GB c th chia lm 3 a: a C (100 GB) cha h iu hnh, a D (200 GB) cha ti liu, a E (200 GB) cha bn sao d liu quan trng). Mi a logic u c MS Windows gn cho mt tn. a A hay B thng dung cho a mm m hin nay khng cn thong dng. a C, D, E thng l cc a cng, CDROM hay a USB. Th mc (Folder/ Directory) l ni lu gi cc tp tin theo mt ch no theo ngi s dng gip d dng qun l tp tin. Trn mi a c mt th mc chung gi l th mc gc. Th mc gc khng c tn ring v c k hiu l \ (backslash). Di mi th mc gc c cc tp tin trc thuc v cc th mc con. Trong cc th mc con cng c cc tp tin trc thuc v th mc con ca n. Th
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mc cha th mc con gi l th mc cha. Th mc ang lm vic gi l th mc hin hnh. Tn ca th mc tun th theo cch t tn ca tp tin. ng dn (Path) dng ch ng i n th mc (hay file) cn truy xut. Khi s dng th mc nhiu cp (cy th mc) th ta cn ch r th mc cn truy xut. ng dn l mt dy cc th mc lin tip nhau, bt u bi tn a, c phn cch bi du \. V d: D:\baitap\baibapWin\bai.docx.
2.2.
Khi ng MS Windows
2.2.1. Khi ng v thot khi Windows 7 Windows 7 c t ng khi ng sau khi bt my. S c thng bo yu cu nhp vo ti khon (User name) v mt khu (PassWord) ca ngi dng. Thao tc ny gi l ng nhp (Logging on). ng Windows 7: Khi mun thot khi Windows 7, chn nt Start-> Shut down tt my. Lu : trc khi Shut down, chng ta nn ng tt c cc ca s ang m m bo sao lu cc cng vic ang lm. Bn cnh nt Shut down c mt nt mi tn cha cc ty chn khc nh sau: Switch user-Chuyn i qua li gia cc ti khon khc nhau; Log off: thot cc chng trnh v kha ti khon hin ti ang s dng, Lock: Kha my tnh bng cch a my tnh v mn hnh ng nhp (nn thc hin chc nng khi ri khi my tnh); Restart: Khi ng li my tnh; Sleep: Lu li cc phin lm vic, a my tnh v ch tit kim nng lng v cho php h thng hot ng li mt cch nhanh chng. 2.2.2. Mn hnh Windows 7 Sau khi khi ng, mn hnh Windows 7 cha nhng thnh phn c bn nh sau: -Mn hnh nn (Desktop) cha cc biu tng: My Computer: Biu tng ny cho php duyt nhanh ti nguyn trn my tnh, Recycle Bin: ni
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lu tr tm thi cc tp tin v cc i tng b xo. (Right click nt phi chut vo Recycle Bin ri chn Empty Recycle Bin hoc Restore xa hon ton hoc phc hi cc i tng). Ngoi ra, trn Desktop cn c cc Biu tng chng trnh khc-l cc Shortcut: gip bn truy nhp nhanh mt i tng no bng cch Double click vo biu tng . -Thanh Taskbar: cha Start Menu, cc biu tng chng trnh v bn thu nh cc chng trnh ang thc thi, cng vi khay h thng hin th ngy gi, thit lp m thanh
Menu Start: Hu ht tt c chc nng ca Windows c b tr trong cc menu xut hin t mc Start. 2.2.3. S dng chng trnh trong Windows Khi ng mt chng trnh C nhiu cch khi ng mt chng trnh t Windows: chn Start Menu All Programs [Group chng trnh] Tn chng trnh ng dng. Hoc t Start Menu nhp tn chng trnh trong mc Search programs and files click chn chng trnh t danh sch tm thy. Hoc double click vo Shortcut (nu c) khi ng cc chng trnh. thot khi chng trnh ng dng: Nhn t hp phm Alt + F4, hoc click vo nt Close, hoc Chn Tab File Exit. T ng chy ng dng khi khi ng Windows Mt s cn c t khi ng ngay khi bt u phin lm vic vi Windows. thc hin iu ny ta to Shortcut ca chng trnh trong mc Start up: Click Start Menu All Programs Right click tn Startup, chn Open m ca s Startup. Ca s chng trnh Ngi s dng giao tip vi cc chng trnh thng qua cc ca s, mt ca s chng trnh gm cc thnh phn sau:
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Title bar: hin th tn chng trnh Toolbar: Cha cc lnh thng s dng di dng cc cng c. Statusbar: Thanh trng thi, hin th thng tin trong ca s. Scrollbar: Thanh cun, dng xem phn ni dung b che khut. Cc nt Minimize, Maximize, Close: Phng to, thu nh, ng ca s chng trnh. Cc thao tc trn mt ca s -Di chuyn ca s: ko thanh Title ca s n v tr mi. -Thay i kch thc ca ca s: Di chuyn con tr chut n cnh hoc gc ca s, khi con tr chut bin thnh hnh mi tn hai chiu th drag cho n khi t c kch thc mong mun. -Phng to ca s ra ton mn hnh: click nt Maximize. -Phc hi kch thc trc ca ca s: click nt Restore. -Thu nh ca s thnh biu tng trn Taskbar: Click ln nt Minimize
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-Chuyn i gia cc ca s ca cc ng dng ang m: chuyn i gia cc ng dng nhn t hp phm Alt + Tab hoc chn ng dng tng ng trn thanh Taskbar. Sao chp d liu gia cc ng dng Trong Windows vic sao chp d liu trong mt ng dng hoc gia cc ng dng c thc hin thng qua b nh m (Clipboard). Ti mt thi im, b nh m ch cha mt thng tin mi nht. Khi mt thng tin khc c a vo b nh m th thng tin trc s b xo. Khi thot khi Windows th ni dung trong b nh m cng b xo. Cc bc sao chp d liu: Chn i tng cn sao chp. Chn Edit Copy. Chn v tr cn chp ti. Chn Edit Paste chp d liu t Clipboard vo v tr cn chp. Tm kim d liu
Chc nng tm kim trong Windows 7 gip tm hu nh tt c nhng g c trn PC ca bn mt cch nhanh chng v d dng. C nhiu cch tm kim, ngi dng c th s dng Search box Start Button, Search box trong th mc hay th vin Tm kim bng Search box Start Menu Click chut vo Start button Search v nhp t hay b phn ca t cn tm vo Search box. Kt qu s c xut trc tip ln Start Menu. Tm kim bng Search box th mc M a, th mc hay th vin ni m bn mun tm kim, nhp vo Search box t hay b phn ca t cn tm. (c th b sung iu kin tm bng cch chn Date modified hay Size).
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2.3.
Qun L V Cu Hnh Ca Windows
Control Panel l ni qun l cu hnh ca h thng my tnh, m t menu Start Control Panel. Thng th mn hnh Control Panel hiu th di dng Category ( mc View by). Ngi dng c th chn dng Large icons/Small icons. Trong mc ny ngm hiu l chng ta ang m sn ca s Control Panel. Hc vin t tm cc chc nng m t sau bng cch s dng chc nng tm kim. 2.3.1. Qun l Font ch Dng chc nng Fonts ci t thm hoc loi b cc font khng s dng. Chn cc font cn xa, bm phm Delete xa font. thm font ch mi: Copy font cn thm vo v Paste trong folder Fonts. 2.3.2. Thay i thuc tnh ca mn hnh M mn hnh Personalization (hoc R_Click trn Desktop, chn Personalization). T mn hnh ny chng ta c th thay i: Desktop Background: nh nn cho Desktop bng cch Click chn nh c sn hoc kch nt Browse chn tp tin nh khc. Screen Saver: Thit lp ch bo v mn hnh, ng thi c th ci Password bo v phin lm vic hin hnh. Windows Color: Thay i mu sc, Font ch v c ch ca cc Tab, Shortcut, Title bar, Sounds: cho php thit lp m thanh pht ra khi Windows thc thi ng/m ca s, tt/khi ng h thng. Theme: mt tp hp nhng yu t to nn giao din cho my tnh gm cc hiu ng ha, m thanh, mu sc, con chut, hnh nn.. Tc l thay v thay i tng mc Desktop Background, Windows Color. Sounds, chng ta c th chn theme c sn c thit lp theo cc ch .
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2.3.3. Thay i phn gii, ch mu phn gii cng ln th mn hnh cng hin th nhiu thng tin nhng cc i tng trn mn hnh s thu nh li. Cc ch phn gii mn hnh thng dng l 640x480, 800x600, 1024x768. Ty theo loi mn hnh v card mn hnh m c th thit lp phn gii, ch mu khc nhau. Ch mu cng cao th hnh nh cng p v r nt. Cc ch mu ph bin l 256 mu (8 bits), 64.000 mu (16 bits), 16 triu mu (24 bits). thay i phn gii: m mc Adjust screen resolution. Chn mc Resolution thay i phn gii mn hnh, sau bm nt Apply. Lu : nu bn chn phn gii khng ph hp, mn hnh s khng hin th g. Khi ng bm phm no v ch cn ch mt giy lt, mn hnh s quay v ch ban u. thay i ch mu: t mn hnh Adjust screen resolution, chn Advance settings Monitor Colors thay i ch mu 2.3.4. Loi b chng trnh loi b cc chng trnh khng cn s dng, ta thc hin: M mc Programs and Features, chn chng trnh cn loi b v clik nt Uninstall. 2.3.5. Cu hnh ngy, gi h thng Bn c th thay i ngy gi ca h thng bng cch D_Click ln biu tng ng h trn thanh Taskbar hoc chn mc Date and Time t Control Panel. T mn hnh Date and Time cho php chng ta: Change date & time: Thay i ngy, thng, nm, gi, pht, giy; Change time zone: Thay i mi gi, cho php chnh li cc gi tr mi gi theo khu vc hoc theo tn cc thnh ph ln. 2.3.6. Thay i thuc tnh ca chut Thay i thuc tnh ca bn phm: T mc Mouse cho php thay i tc di chuyn ca con tr chut mc Motion trong th Pointer Options, thay i tc nhn phm double click mc Double-click trong th Buttons.
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2.3.7. Thay i thuc tnh vng min (Regional Settings) thay i cc thuc tnh nh nh dng tin t, hin th ngy gi, n v o lng,.. theo khu vc chng ta s dng, chn mc Region and Language.
Th Formats: Cho php nh dng hin th cc thng s ngy thng, tin t, s theo vng min (quc gia), . Ngi dng c th chn nt Additional settings ty thay i thit lp v: Number: Thay i nh dng s, vi cc mc c bn: Decimal symbol (k hiu phn cch hng thp phn); No. of digits after decimal (s cc s l phn thp phn); Digit grouping symbol (k hiu phn nhm hng ngn); Digit grouping (s k s trong mt nhm (mc nh l 3); Measurement system: (h thng o lng nh cm, inch) Currency: Thay i nh dng tin t ($,VND,...). Time: Thay i nh dng thi gian theo ch 12 gi hay 24 gi.
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Date: Thay i nh dng hin th ngy thng. Th Location: Thay i thuc tnh vng, vic chn mt vng no s ko theo s thay i thuc tnh ca Windows. Th Keyboards and Languages: Cho php thit lp mi quan h gia bn phm v ngn ng c nhp vo. Th Administrative: Thc thi nh dng hin hnh cho cc ti khon khc hoc ti khon mi. 2.3.8. Thit lp hin th tp tin, th mc n Chn mc Folder Options, chn th View. T mc Hiden files and folders, chn mc Dont show hidden files, folders, or drives nu mun khng hin th tp tin, th mc hay a n, chn mc Show hidden files, folders, and drives nu mun hin th tp tin, th mc hay a n. 2.3.9. Gadgets Gadgets l nhng tin ch m Windows 7 cung cp cho ngi dng hin th nhanh mt s thng tin cn thit ra mn hnh Desktop nh ng h, lch, thi tit hay thng s ti nguyn c s dng Chn mc Desktop Gadgets, ko cc gadget cn hin th ra Desktop. b gadget trn desktop, ch cn bm nt X bn cnh. 2.3.10. My in Vi mt s my in thng dng th MS Windows tch hp sn chng trnh iu khin (driver) cho my in, nu khng chng ta phi ci t driver km theo my in. Tuy nhin chng ta cng nn ci t driver cung cp theo my ngay c khi MS Windows tch hp nhm c h tr tt nht theo hng sn xut my in. Vic qun l my in c thc hin t mc View devices and printers. ci t thm my in: T ca s View devices and printers chn nt Add a Printer, xut hin hp thoi Add Printer. Sau lm theo cc bc hng dn ca MS Windows. loi b my in ci: T ca s View devices and printers chn nt Add a Printer, R_click trn my in tng ng, v chn menu Remove device.
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thc hin in n mt ti liu ra giy: t chng trnh ng dng chn mc Print (thng trong menu File vi biu tng hnh my in). Khi hp thoi Print xut hin.
Ty theo phn mm s dng m hp thoi ny c th khc nhau, nhng nhng chc nng chnh nh sau: Printer Chn my in mun s dng. C th chn my in o (nh Microsoft XPS Document Writer, Primo Pdf) to ra file xps hay pdf tng ng. Chn phm vi mun in: ton b (All), trang hin hnh (Current page), vng ti liu ang chn (Selection), trang in (Page) nhp s trang mun in, hoc nhiu trang in cch nhau bi du phy, hoc du in lin tc nhiu trang (v d: 2;4;5;912;15-20). S bn in S trang in trn mt mt giy
Page Range
Number of Copy Paper per Sheet
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Khi chng ta in mt hay nhiu ti liu, Windows s qun l cc tin trnh in, cn c gi l hang i in (print queue). xem cc tin trnh ny, chng ta double click ln biu tng my in trong ca s View devices and printers. Mun b ti liu no trong hng i in ta chn ti liu v nhn Delete. 2.3.11. Thay i Taskbar v Start Menu Chn mc Taskbar and Start Menu t control panel thay i cc thit lp. thay i thit lp v taskbar, chn th Taskbar vi cc ty chnh nh sau: Lock the taskbar (kha thanh Taskbar); Auto hide (t ng n thanh Taskbar khi khng s dng, khi di chuyn chut vo mi hin ra); Use small icons (s dng icon trn Taskbar vi kch thc nh); Taskbar location on screen (v tr ca Taskbar),Taskbar buttons (gom nhm cc th hin ca mt chng trnh); Notification area (Cho n/hin cc chng trnh chy nn). Th Start Menu gip thay i Start Menu nh thm Run box, Devices and Printersbng cch chn Button Customize. Ch mc Power Button Action dung ty chnh ch my tnh l Shutdown, Sleep khi ngi dng bm nt Power trn thng my tnh. Do , khi s dng mt my tnh l, v khng bit cu hnh cho nt Power mc ny nn chng ta nn chng ta trnh s dng nt Power ba bi.
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2.3.12. Backup v Restore Backup v Restore c ci tin rt nhiu trong Windows 7 cho php to cc bn sao ca ti liu quan trng ca chng ta. u im khi s dng chc nng ny so vi vic chng ta t chp bng tay, l h thng t ng backup nh k theo lch do chng ta thit lp. Chn mc Backup and Restore t Control Panel. Nu ln u tin s dng Windows Backup, click chn Set up backup, v theo cc hng dn chn folder cn backup v v tr lu file backup. Nu to backup ri, chng ta ch vic ch vic backup t ng thc hin hay t backup bng cch click nt Back up now. Chng ta khng nn back up file/folder ln cng mt a, v nn chn mc Full Backup. thc hin Restore: t mc Backup and Restore, chn file backup, click Restore my files. 2.3.13. i mt khu ng nhp Thay i password ng nhp l vic nn lm thng xuyn nh k gip bo v tt hn my tnh ca bn. T Control Panel, chn mc User Accounts. Click vo mc Change your password. Nhp password mi v chn OK.
2.4.
Windows Explorer
2.4.1. Giao din chnh. Windows Explorer ( nm trong nhm Accessories trong Start Menu) gip qun l ti nguyn my tnh nh tp tin, th mc, a. v v nhng ti nguyn trong h thng mng. Vi Windows Explorer, cc thao tc nh sao chp, xa, i tn th mc v tp tin,... c thc hin mt cch thun tin v d dng. khi ng Explorer, c th double click trn My Computer, hoc tm t mc Search, hoc R_Click ln nt Start, chn Open Windows Explorer. Ca s lm vic ca Windows Explorer gm cc phn:
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Ca s tri (Folder): Trnh by cu trc th mc ca cc a cng v cc ti nguyn km theo my tnh, bao gm a mm, a cng, a CD... Nhng i tng c du mi tn ngang pha trc cho bit i tng cn cha nhng i tng khc trong n nhng khng c hin th, c th m rng khi click vo. Ca s gia: Lit k ni dung ca i tng c chn tng ng bn ca s tri. Ca s phi (Preview pane): Hin th nhanh ni dung tp tin c chn. C th tt hin th ca s ny. Thanh a ch (Address): Cho php nhp ng dn th mc/tp tin cn ti hoc xc nh ng dn hin hnh. C th thay i cch cch hin th ca Explorer bng cch chn mc Chang your view ) vi cc ty chn: Extra Large Icons /Large Icons /Medium Icons /Small icons /List /Details/ Tiles /Content. i vi ty chn Details, ta c th xem chi tit Name, Size, Type, Date Modified ca file/folder. C th thay i th t sp xp bng cch chn mc View/ Sort By (Sp xp theo) vi cc ty chn: Name, Date modi- 20 -
fied, Type, Size, theo kiu Ascending/Descending (Tng dn/ Gim dn). 2.4.2. Thao tc vi file v folder +To folder mi: Chn v tr cha folder cn to, Chn Menu File New Folder (hoc R_Click New Folder ). Nhp tn th mc mi, nhn Enter. +Sao chp th mc/tp tin: Chn cc th mc v tp tin cn sao chp, sau thc hin copy vo clipboard (bm Ctrl + C hoc R_Click v chn Copy), sau paste vo ni cn chp (bm Ctrl + V hoc R_Click v chn Paste). C th dng cch gi phm Ctrl v ko r folder vo ni cn chp. +Di chuyn th mc v tp tin: Chn cc th mc v tp tin cn di chuyn, sau ct i tng vo clipboard (bm Ctrl + X hoc R_Click v chn Cut), sau paste vo ni chuyn n. Lu : i vi ngi mi bt u nn hn ch vic dng chut ko th khi di chuyn trong Expoler v nu dng chut khng chun, c th lm folder b th n mt folder no . +Xa th mc v tp tin: Chn th mc v tp tin cn xa, bm phm Delete (hoc R_Click v chn Delete). Lu : ty theo cu hnh thit lp m file/folder b xa c th c lu trong Recycle Bin. Chng ta phi cn thn trc khi ng xa. +i tn th mc v tp tin: chn i tng mun i tn, R_Click trn i tng v chn Rename (hoc bm phm F2), nhp tn mi, sau g Enter kt thc. +Thay i thuc tnh th mc v tp tin: R_Click trn file/folder, chn Properties. Thc hin thay i cc thuc tnh, sau bm Apply xc nhn thay i. Lu : Vi tp tin ang s dng th cc thao tc di chuyn, xo, i tn khng th thc hin c. 2.4.3. Thao tc vi Shortcut Shortcut l mt biu tng dng khi ng nhanh mt chng trnh hoc mt tp tin/folder trn my. Shortcut c th c t trong mt Folder hoc ngay trn mn hnh nn. Shortcut ch lu ng dn
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(hoc tr ) n i tng, v th c th xo n m khng nh hng n chng trnh ng dng. +To Shortcut: R_Click ln v tr cn to Shortcut, chn New Shortcut. Trong mc Type the location of the item, nhp ng dn ca tp tin cn to Shortcut (hoc bm Browse tm tp tin). Click Next qua bc k tip nhp tn cho Shortcut cn to, click Finish hon thnh. Lu : C th to shortcut t file gc trong Explorer hoc (file su khi tm thy s dng chc nng Search) bng cch Copy, v Click phi chut vo ni mun to Shortcut, chn Paste Shortcut). +Thay i thuc tnh cho Shortcut: cng nh file/folder, shortcut cng c th thay i thuc tnh. T ca s Properties ca Shortcut, chn th Shortcut. Chng ta c th thay i Target (ng dn file gc ca shortcut); Change icon (thay i biu tng ca Shortcut); Shortcut key (Gn phm nng cho Shortcut, v d: nhn phm A nu mun t phm nng cho Shortcut l Ctrl + Alt + A hoc nhn t hp phm gn gn. Khi mun m i tng ta ch cn nhn t hp phm va gn); Run(chn ch hin th khi m l bnh thng/ thu nh/ phng to); 2.4.4. Thao tc vi a +nh dng a (Format): nh dng a l chuyn mt a thnh mt dng ph hp vi nhng tiu chun ca h iu hnh. format a: R_Click vo tn ca a, chn mc Format. T ca s Format, thip lp nhn cho a (Volumn label), chn mc Quick Format nu mun nh dng nhanh khi chc chn a khng c li. Bm nt Start tin hnh nh dng. Ch : D liu trong a s b xo hon ton, khng th phc hi c. +Hin th thng tin ca a: R_Click vo tn ca a cn hin th thng tin, chn mc Properties. T ca s ny, cho php xem dung lng a (Capacity), s dng bao nhiu (Used space), cn li bao nhiu (Free space) t th General.
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Ch : Th Tools: cung cp cng c kim tra a (Errorchecking), v chng phn mnh a (Defragment). Vic chng phn mnh a gip my tnh chy nhanh hn sau mt thi gian s dng.
2.5.
Mt S Tin ch
2.5.1. Libraries C th xem nh Libraries l th mc o gip chng ta t chc v tm kim nhanh chng cc file/folder tng ng nm ri rc trn my tnh. Chng ta c th to mi, thm cc folder/file vo Libraries. Cn phn bit r gia My Documents (hay My Pictures) v Libraries l, My Documents l folder cha d liu, cn Libraries khng cha d liu g, d liu ca chng ta vn v tr ban u, v Libraries gip qun l theo nhm cho tin dng. Ngoi ra, My Documents c Windows to sn c nh vi tnh nng lp ch mc tng tc cho vic tm kim, cn Libraries do ngi dung nh ngha. Ly v d nh, chng ta c 3 folder, mi folder cha mt mn hc gm 3 file: bi ging, bi tp, n. Chng ta to mt Library tn l n np, vo a 3 n vo Library ny. Nh vy, 3 file n vn v tr c, v khi mun np bi, chng ta ch vic truy xut n Library n ny. Vic xa Libraries khng nh hng g n cc file gc. to mi mt Library, t mn hnh Explorer, right click trn mc Libraries, chn New-Library, nhp tn cho Library v bm Enter. import mt folder vo Library va to, click chn Library va to ra, bm nt Include new folder, v chn folder mun import vo Library. Nh vy, sau ny bn c th truy xut nhanh chng n Library.
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2.5.2. Bitlocker Bitlocker l tnh nng mi ca Windows 7 (h tr y nht bn Ultimate) gip m ha v bo v d liu cho mt a hay partition, t bit l a USB vi kh nng nh mt l rt cao. Ngi dng phi c ng mt khu mi c th truy xut a c bo v, nn trnh ti a vic l thng tin. Control Panel, m mc Bitlocker Drive Encryption. Click vo mc Turn On Bitlocker a cn bo v. Chn mc Use a password to unlock the drive v nhp mt khu (2 ln). Bm Next tin hnh m ha. Ln sau, mi khi truy nhp a bo v, chng ta phi nhp mt khu. tt chc nng Bitlocker, chng ta cng vo Control Panel mc Bitlocker Drive Encryption, v chn Turn off Bitlocker. T
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2.5.3. Snipping Tool Snipping Tool dng chp mt phn hay ton b mn hnh di dnh hnh ch nht hay dng bt k, sau cho php ghi ch, v, hightlight v gi email i ngay t tin ch ny. Sau khi khi ng Snipping Tool, click chn New, sau click chn vo mi tn gn nt New v ty chn hnh ct chp: Free-form Snip (chp vi hnh bao bt k t v); Rectangular Snip (chp vi hnh bao ch nht), Window Snip (chp mt ca s); Full-screen Snip (chp ton b mn hnh). Sau dng cc cng c trn toolbar v hay nghi ch cho hnh chp. 2.5.4. Wordpad WordPad l chng trnh son tho vn bn n gin thuc nhm Accessories c nng cp rt nhiu phin bn Windows 7, vi giao din ribbon mi. Vi nhiu tnh nng nh dng c b sung, nh highlight, bullets, line breaks, v nhiu chn la
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v mu sc, cho php chn hnh nh v chc nng Zoom gip WordPad tr nn mnh m, c th thay th Winword trong trng hp my tnh khng c sn b Office. Cch s dng Wordpad tng ng vi cch s dng MS Word, hc vin c th tham kho phn th Home ca mc s dng MS Word. 2.5.5. Paint Paint l chng trnh ha c bn gip v v x l cc hnh nh bitmap. Vi giao din ribbon, Paint nng kh nhiu v chc nng c v (brushes). Paint h tr tt cho mn hnh a im cm ng, nn l mt chn la tuyt vi khi s dng vi Table PC. V ng (line): C nhiu chc nng cho php v line trong Paint, chng ta phi chn cng c v v quyt nh hnh dng ca nt v. Mt s cng c v l: Pencil tool, Brushes, Line tool, Curve tool. V hnh hnh hc (shape): C th v nhiu loi shape: ng cong, mi tn, tam gic, elip, ch nht, trn, vung... Chng ta c th b sung text (nt lnh ch A) v format cho text, c th chn (select tool) mt phn hnh nh copy, xa. C th xoay nh, resize kch thc nh, s dng cng c ty im nh.
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Cc chc nng ha ca Paint hin th th Home, hc vin nn ln lt th tng cng c mt thy s khc bit gia cc cng c v ca Paint. 2.5.6. Connect to Projector Vic kt ni my tnh vi Projector ngy nay tr nn ph bin n tt c sinh vin. Ty theo mi my c cc phm tt khc nhau (hoc ty theo driver mn hnh) nn gy ra s lng tng cho ngi din thuyt, t bit khi ng trc s ng ngi. Windows 7 cung cp chc nng Connect to Projector thuc nhm Accessories tr gip nhanh chng cho vic kt ni ny. Chng ta c cc chn la: Computer Only: ch hin th my tnh- khi khng mun cho ngi xem thy chng ta ang chun b g trn my. Duplicate: hin thi ng thi trn my tnh v projector ging nhau. Extend: hin th khc nhau gia my tnh v projector, rt hu dng khi trnh chiu PowerPoint, ngi xem nhn phn trnh chiu, cn chng ta nhn thy ghi ch (note) nhc bi trn my tnh. Projector Only: ch hin th trn projector, tt mn hnh laptop tit kim pin cho nhng lc trnh chiu di.
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2.5.7. Math Input Panel Vic son tho cng thc ton hc l vic rt cn thit i vi hc sinh sinh vin v nhng ngi lm cng tc k thut, Chng ta c th son tho vi Equation (xem chi tit phn WinWord), nhng Windows 7 cung cp mt cng c mi s dng rt tin li v nhanh chng l Math Input Panel thuc nhm Accessories. Ngi dng ch cn dng chut hay bt v vit cng thc ton vo vng 3, cng thc s c dch v hin th vng 1. Vng 4 cung cp cc cng c hiu chnh cng thc. Sau khi son tho cng thc kt thc, chn nt 5 copy cng thc vo clipboard, v dn vo MS Word.
2.6.
S Dng Ting Vit Trong Windows
2.6.1. Ting Vit trong Windows Cc phn mm g ting Vit thng dng trong Windows nh Unikey, Vietkey... trong phn Unikey rt c a chung v min ph v c nhiu u im. Khi nhp ting Vit, chng ta cn bit font ch v kiu g. Mi font ch tng mt bng m, do khi son tho bng loi font no, c c chnh xc nht, chng ta phi c loi font tng ng vi bng m . Mt bng m c nhiu font ch vi hnh dng khc nhau. Font ch thng dng nht hin nay l font Unicode (nh Tahoma, Arial, Times New Roman...) c sn trong MS Windows, tch hp tt c cc k t ca cc ngn ng. y l font ch chun ca nc ta cng nh nhiu nc khc trn th gii. Do , khi s dng ting Vit trn my tnh bn nn chn b font Unicode. Ngoi ra cn c mt s b font dnh
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ring cho ngi Vit c s dng trc kia nh: Font VNI (nh font VNI-Times), TCVN3... C rt nhiu kiu g ting Vit trong Windows do bn phm chun khng c sn cc k t ting Vit. g c cc k t ting Vit nh , , .. th chng ta phi s dng cc t hp phm. Mi kiu g ting Vit u c nhng u im v nhc im nht nh, hai kiu g thng dng nht l VNI v Telex. Gio trnh ny ch cp n kiu VNI do nhng u im ca n trong thi im hin nay khi vn bn c kh nhiu t ting Anh. Hc vin c th tm hiu cc kiu g khc t Internet.
K t Phm sc 1 huyn 2 hi 3 ng 4 nng 5 M (,) 6 , 7 8 9
V d: nhp t K Thut: nhp Ky4 Thua65t 2.6.2. S dng UniKey Thng th Unikey c t StartUp folder t thc thi, v hin th khay h thng (tray) vi biu tng V nu cho php g ting Vit, v biu tng E nu tt ch g ting Vit. Nu Unikey cha khi ng, c th thc thi Unikey t shortcut trn mn hnh hoc t file Unikey.exe. bt/tt ch g ting Vit, ch cn click vo biu tng E hay V ny. T mn hnh Unikey, chng ta chn bng m l Unicode, v kiu g phm l VNI.
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Chng 3. MICROSOFT WORD

3.1. Gii Thiu Microsoft Word
Microsoft Word, l phn mm son tho vn bn c dng ph bin hin nay ca hng phn mm Microsoft. Word cho php ngi dng son tho vn bn (text) vi cc nh dng nh phng ch, mu sc, cng vi hnh nh ha (graphics) v cc d liu a phng tin (multimedia) nh m thanh, video, khin cho vic son tho vn bn c thun tin hn. Ngoi ra Word cng c cc cng c nh kim tra chnh t, ng php ca nhiu ngn ng khc. Cc phin bn trc ca Word lu tn tp tin vi ui l .doc, phin bn 2007 v 2010 dng ui l .docx. Hu ht cc phin bn ca Word u c th m c cc dng tp tin khc nh vn bn th (.txt), cc trang web (.html), 3.1.1. Cc thnh phn c bn trn mn hnh Word
Hnh 3.1: Giao din MS Word 2010
Vng son tho vn bn: Nhp vn bn, nh dng, chn hnh nh, Thanh Tab: Cha cc lnh ca Word.
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Thanh cng c (Toolbar): Cha cc lnh thng s dng, di dng cc cng c. Ruler: Gm thc ngang v thc dc, dng canh l vn bn v nh v cc im dng (Tab) mt cch trc quan. Status bar: Thanh trng thi, hin th thng tin trng thi ca ca s lm vic nh: v tr hin hnh ca du nhy, trang hin hnh trn tng s trang, 3.1.2. Cc khi nim c bn Character (k t): Mt k t c nhp t bn phm, tr cc phm chc nng. Word (t): Mt nhm k t lin tc, gia cc t cch nhau mt khong trng. Line (dng): Cc t nm trn cng mt dng. Paragraph (on): L mt on vn bn c kt thc bng phm Enter. Page (trang): Kch thc mt trang c xc nh trong Page setup. Section (phn on): L nhng phn ca vn bn c nhng nh dng khc nhau. 3.1.3. Cc thao tc c bn Khi ng v thot khi Word Khi ng: Chn mt trong cc cch sau: + Start All Programs Microsoft Office Microsoft Word 2010. + Double Click vo Shortcut Microsoft Word trn Desktop. + Start g Winword vo Search ri nhn Enter. Thot khi Word: + Trong ca s lm vic, chn File Exit . + Click nt Close . Nhp v hiu chnh vn bn Cc phm di chuyn du nhy (cursor): + Sang tri mt k t: + Sang phi mt k t: + Ln dng trn: + Xung dng di:
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+ Sang tri mt t: Ctrl + + Sang phi mt t: Ctrl + + V cui dng: End + V u dng: Home + Ln trn mt trang: PageUp + Xung di mt trang: PageDown + V u vn bn: Ctrl+Home + V cui vn bn: Ctrl+End + Di chuyn n mt trang bt k: Ctrl+G + Shift+Enter: Ngt dng + Ctrl+Enter: Ngt trang Cc phm xa: + Xa mt k t bn tri du nhy: BackSpace + Xa mt k t bn phi du nhy: Delete + Xa mt t trc du nhy: Ctrl+BackSpace + Xa mt t sau du nhy: Ctrl+Delete + Xa mt khi chn: Chn khi v nhn phm Delete Thao tc chn khi + Shift + Cc phm : Chn mt k t. + Shift + Home: Chn t im chn n u dng. + Shift + End : Chn t im chn n cui dng. + Shift + PgDn: Chn t im chn n cui trang. + Ctrl + Shift + End: Chn t im chn n cui vn bn. + Ctrl + A: Chn c vn bn. + Gi phm Alt + Drag chut: Chn mt khi ty . Nhp vn bn: + Nhp vn bn chnh xc, chn font ch r rng d c. + Nhp ng ni dung, khng sai chnh t, khng tha khong trng. + Nhp vn bn trc, nh dng sau, khng nn va nhp va nh dng. + Khng nn dng phm khong trng canh l cho vn bn. Thao tc vi tp tin vn bn To mt tp tin vn bn mi:
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File New Blank Document (Ctrl+N), hoc Click nt New trn thanh cng c. M tp tin c: File Open (Ctrl+O), hoc Click nt Open trn thanh cng c. Lu tp tin vn bn: File Save (Ctrl+S): Lu, nu tp tin cha t tn th xut hin hp thoi t tn cho n. File Save As (lu theo version): Lu li tp tin vi tn mi. Cc ch hin th ti liu khi son tho Print Layout: ch nh khi in (WYSIWYG). Full Screen Reading: ch xem ton mn hnh. Web Layout: ch trang web. Outline: ch cng nhiu cp. Draft: ch th gip d dng chnh sa ti liu.
Hnh 3.2: Cc ch d hin th ti liu son tho
In ti liu: File
Print
Hp thoi khai bo cc thng s in n nh: chn my in, kh giy, s bn in, in t trang n trang,
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Hnh 3.3: Hp thoi thit lp trang in
3.2.
nh Dng Vn Bn
Cc Tab (Home, Insert, ) khi c chn th cc nhm lnh tng ng ca n hin th theo tng nhm dng Ribbon (di bng) gip cho vic nh dng vn bn tr nn thun tin v nhanh chng hn. Ngoi ra ngi dng cng c th to thm cc Tab mi cha cc chc nng thng dng cho ring mnh.
Hnh 3.4: Menu kiu Ribbon ca MS Word 2010

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3.2.1. To Tab cha cc cng c ring Do c th ring ca cng vic, c nhng tnh nng dng li nhiu ln m li nm nhng v tr khc nhau gy bt li trong qu trnh nh dng. Word 2010 cho php ngi dng to ra nhng Tab cha cc cng c nh dng cho ring mnh. Thc hin: R_Click ln vng trng ca Ribbon Customize the Ribbon hoc File Options Customize Ribbon, xut hin hp thoi Word Options:
Hnh 3.5: Hp thoi Word Options
Customize the Ribbon: Lit k theo loi Tab c trn Ribbon. New Tab: Thm Tab mi. Rename: i tn Tab. New Group: Thm nhm cng c mi. Thm cng c nh dng: Chn Group cn thm Chn cng c ca s bn tri Chn Add. Xa cng c trong Group: Chn Group hay cng c cn xa Chn Remove.
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Xa main Tab/Group: Chn main Tab/Group/Thc hin R_Click chn Remove. V d: Thm mt Main Tab c tn l Online vi Group Internet gm mt s chc nng lin quan n Internet. Thc hin: R_Click ln Ribbon Customize the Ribbon xut hin hp thoi Word Options. Mc Customize the Ribbon chn Main Tabs. Chn New Tab to Main Tab sau i tn bng cch chn Rename. To Tool Tab bng cch chn New Group sau i tn bng cch chn Rename. Chn Tool Tab cn thm cng c, ca s bn tri chn cng c cn thm v Click Add. 3.2.2. nh dng k t Nguyn tc chung: C 2 cch l nh dng trc, nhp vn bn sau hoc nhp vn bn trc nh dng sau. i vi cch 2, khi vn bn phi c chn ri thc hin cc lnh nh dng. Thc hin: Home tng ng: (Group) Font: chn cc chc nng nh dng
Hnh 3.6: Group Font
Bold Italic
: nh dng in m. : nh dng in nghing. : nh dng gch chn. : To ng gch ngang qua ch. : nh dng ch s di dng nh H2O : nh dng ch s trn dng nh X3
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Underline Strikethrough Subscript Superscript
Text Highlight Color Clear formating Text Effect Grow Font Shrink Font Change case
: T mu nn cho ch
: Xa mi nh dng. : To hiu ng cho ch.
: Tng ln cho ch. : Gim ln cho ch. : Chuyn i kiu ch HOA thng. : T mu nh du cho ch.
Text Highlight Color
Font Color : Mu ch. Cc chc nng khc nh dng k t nm trong hp thoi Font. Ctrl+D m hp thoi ny hoc click chn gc phi di ca hnh bn di.
Hnh 3.7: M rng hp thoi Font
Hnh 3.8: Hp thoi Font

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Th font: + Font: Chn font ch + Font Style: Chn kiu ch m, nghing, + Size: Chn c ch (n v dng l point, 1 inch = 72 point) + Font color: Chn mu ch + Underline Style: Chn kiu gch di Th Advanced: + Scale: Chn t l co gin cho vn bn + Spacing: Nn hoc gin vn bn + Position: Thay i v tr ca vn bn ln trn hoc xung di so vi dng chun Chuyn i kiu ch HOA thng (change case) Chuyn i t ch hoa sang ch thng v ngc li, ch hoa u cu hoc ch hoa u mi t. Thc hin: Chn Home Change Case (Group Font)
Sentense case: k t u cu l ch hoa. lowercase: tt c chuyn thnh ch thng. UPPERCASE: tt c chuyn thnh ch in hoa. Capitalize Each Word: K t u ca mi t l ch in hoa. tOGGLE cASE: Chuyn ch hoa thnh ch thng v ngc li.
To v hiu chnh hiu ng cho ch Chn phn vn bn cn nh dng. Home (Group Font) Text Effects v chn hiu ng mong mun.
Hiu chnh hiu ng: + Outline: Mu ca ng vin. + Shadow: Chn hiu ng bng. Chn tip Shadow Options hiu chnh cc thuc tnh ca bng.
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+ Reflection: Hiu ng phn chiu. + Glow: Hiu ng to vin xung quanh k t. 3.2.3. nh dng on vn bn (Paragraph) on vn bn l phn vn bn c kt thc bng phm Enter, hin th du Enter, ta Click nt Show/Hide . nh dng on vn bn, ta t du nhy trong on , chn Home (Group Paragraph), chn cc chc nng nh dng tng ng:
Hnh 3.9: Group Paragraph
Bullets Numbering
: To danh sch : To danh sch nh s th t : To danh sch nhiu cp : a on vn qua tri : a on vn qua phi : n, hin cc m nh dng n : Canh tri : Canh gia : Canh phi : Khong cch gia cc dng
Multilevel List Decrease Indent Increase Indent Sort : Sp xp Show/Hide Align Text Left Center Justify Shading Align Text Right
: Canh u hai bn : T nn : To mu nn v ng vin
Line and Paragraph Spacing Border and Shadding
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Cc chc nng nh dng on vn khc c trong hp thoi Paragraph. m hp thoi ny.
Hnh 3.11: Hp thoi Paragraph
Th Indents and Spacing: Canh l cho on vn: Alignment: Canh l on vn (Left/Right/Center/Justified) Indentation: Tht l cho on vn:
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+ Left/Right: Khong cch tht vo so vi l tri/phi ca trang. + Special: Kiu tht l: + First line: Dng u ca on vn tht vo/ra so vi cc dng cn li. + Hanging: cc dng ca on vn (tr dng u) tht vo/ra so vi dng u tin. Spacing: Chnh khong cch gia cc dng v cc on: + Before/After: Chnh khong cch t on hin hnh (on cha du nhy) n on trc n hoc sau n. + Line spacing: Chnh khong cch gia cc dng. Borders and Shading Chc nng ny cho php nh dng ng vin khung v mu nn cho on vn bn. Chn Home/Group Paragraph /Borders and Shading v chn cc kiu ng vin c sn. Cc chc nng khc thng qua hp thoi Borders and Shading. m hp thoi ny chn Borders and Shading
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Hp thoi 3.12: Hp thoi Borders and Shading
Th Borders: ng khung on vn bn. + Setting: Chn kiu khung. + Style: Xc nh hnh thc ng vin khung: Style, Color, Width. + Apply to: Xc nh phm vi ng khung: - Text: ng khung khi vn bn c chn. - Paragraph: ng khung c on vn bn hin hnh. Th Page Border: ng khung trang vn bn. + Cc nh dng ging nh Borders + Art: Chn cc kiu ng vin ngh thut. + Apply to: Phm vi ng khung. - Whole document: ng khung tt c cc trang ca ti liu. - This section: ng khung cc trang trong section hin hnh. - This section first page only: Ch ng khung trang u ca section hin hnh
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This section- all except first page: ng khung tt c cc trang tr trang u. + Options: Thay i khong cch t khung n vn bn. - Edge of page: Khong cch c tnh t l trang giy n khung. - Text: Khong cch c tnh t vn bn n khung. Th Shading: Dng t mu nn on vn bn. Bullets and Numbering Chc nng Bullets and Numbering dng chn t ng cc k t c bit (Bullets) hoc s (Numbers) u mi on. Bullets: Trnh by vn bn theo kiu lit k, u mi on c chn mt k t c bit.
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Define New Bullet: Chn kiu k t, hoc hiu chnh li cc thng s ca Bullets.
Hnh 3.13: Hp thoi Define New Bullet
+ Bullet character: Symbol, Picture, Font: Chn k hiu lm bullet. + Alignment: Canh l cho Bullet. + Preview: Xem nhanh nh dng. Numbering: nh s th t danh sch, chn kiu Numbering cn nh dng.
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Define New Number Format: Chn kiu s th t, hoc hiu chnh li cc thng s ca Numbering:
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Hp thoi 3.14: Hp thoi Define New Number Format
+ Number Style: Chn kiu s + Number format : S bt u trong danh sch + Alignment: Canh l cho s th t + Preview: Xem nhanh nh dng Multilevel List: nh dng vn bn dng danh sch nhiu cp. Chn Define New Multilevel List thit lp thng s cho tng cp.
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Hnh 3.15: Hp thoi Define new Multilevel list
+ Click level to modify: Chn cp, ti a l 9 cp. + Number format: nh dng kiu s th t. + Number style for this level: Chn kiu s th t: 1, 2, 3 hoc I, II, III, + Start at : S bt u. + Position: Chn v tr t s v vn bn. S dng Tab Tab l cc im dng c dng di chuyn con nhy nhanh sang phi khi nhn phm Tab thay v dng khong trng thng chm v khng nh mong mun. C 2 loi tab l tab mc nh (c khong cch u n 0.5 inch) v tab do ngi dng nh ngha. Tab thng dung khi nhiu on vn (ch c 1 dng) c cc ni dung cn dng (tri, gia, phi, ) vi nhau. to Tab do ngi dng nh ngha Chn khi vn bn cn nh dng.
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t Tab trc tip trn thc bng cch Click chut trong Select Tab chn kiu Tab, sau Click chut ln thc ti cc v tr thch hp. Cc kiu Tab: + Left Tab: Canh tri. + Center Tab: Canh gia. + Right Tab: Canh phi. + Decimal Tab: Canh theo du thp phn. + Bar Tab: Tab vch ng. Hiu chnh Tab: Double Click ln Tab hp thoi Tab.
Hnh 3.16: Hp thoi Tabs
+ + + + + +
Tab stop position: Nhp v tr ca Tab. Alignment: Canh l cho Tab. Set: Thit lp gi tr cho Tab. Clear: Xa Tab Clear all: Xa tt c Tab t. Leader: Chn k t in vo ch trng trc Tab.
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Hp thoi Tab c th m nh ngha Tab bng cch chn Home Paragraph Tabs:
Hnh 3.17: Hp thoi Paragraph
Khai bo s lng tab, loi, v tr,
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Hnh 3.18: Thit lp ta Tab
Format Painter
: Cho php copy nhanh nh dng.
Chn mu vn bn cn sao chp nh dng ri click chn Format Painter. Qut ln phn vn bn cn c nh dng ging nh mu.
3.3.
Chn Cc i Tng Vo Vn Bn
3.3.1. Chn hnh nh vo vn bn Hnh nh (Picture) l cc dng thc tp tin ha thng c phn ui l .jpg, .gif, c th c chn vo cng vi vn bn. Word cho php ngi dng a vo hnh nh l nhng tp tin c sn hoc t th vin hnh nh i theo b Office. Chn hnh nh c sn Insert (Group Illustrations) Picture: duyt n hnh cn chn v click Insert.
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Chn Clip Art Insert (Group Illustrations) Clipt Art: xut hin hp thoi Clipt Art. trng Text box Search for chn Go, cc Clip Art c lit k bn di. Click chut ln mt Clip Art a n vo ti liu. Chn Shapes Insert (Group Illustrations) Shapes: chn hnh cn chn ri r chut (Drag) v vo vng mun chn.
Chn SmartArt Insert (Group Illustrations) SmartArt: chn hnh cn chn, Click OK ri hiu chnh nh mong mun.
Hnh 3.19: Hp thoi Choose a SmartArt Graphic
Chn biu Insert (Group Illustrations) Chart chn kiu biu cn chn.
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Hnh 3.20: Hp thoi Insert Chart
Gi tr v biu c ly t mn hnh Excel km theo.
Hnh 3.21: Hp thoi biu v gi tr lu trong bng tnh Excel
Chp mn hnh vi Screenshot Insert (Group Illustrations) Screenshot.

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Available Windows hin th cc chng trnh ang chy. Ngi dng ch cn Click chn th hnh chp mn hnh s xut hin trong ti liu. Screen Slipping: cho php ngi dng trc tip chn vng mun chp.
Hnh 3.22: Chp hnh bng Screen Slipping
3.3.2. Hiu chnh Picture Phin bn Office 2010 h tr tnh nng hiu chnh hnh nh nh mt chng trnh x l nh chuyn nghip. Ngi dng ch cn Click chut ln hnh nh mun hiu chnh v chn Tab Format, h thng cng c a dng s xut hin trn Ribbon.
Hnh 3.23: Tab cha cng c hiu chnh hnh nh

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(Group) Picture Style
Hnh 3.24: M rng Picture Style
M rng v chn hiu ng mong mun
Cc chc nng khc: + Picture Border: To mu vin khung nh. + Picture Effects: To hiu ng trc quan. cho nh nh bng, nh sng, phn chiu hay l hiu ng 3D. + Picture Layout: Chuyn i hnh nh hin ti sang dng SmartArt. (Group) Adjust
Hnh 3.25: Group Adjust
Remove Background: Loi b hnh nn. Corrections: Hiu chnh nh sng cng nh tng phn. Color: Thay i mu ca hnh nh. Artistic Effects: To hiu ng ngh thut phc ha cho hnh nh.
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Compress Picture: Lm gim ln hnh nh (nn hnh nh). Change Picture: Thay i hnh hin ti bng mt hnh khc. Reset Picture: a hnh nh v trng thi nh khi mi chn vo. (Group) Arrange
Hnh 3.26: Group Arrange
Wrap Text: + In Line with Text: Hnh v ch cng nm trn mt hng. + Square: Ch bao quanh hnh theo hnh vung. + Tight: Ch bao quanh hnh theo ng vin ca hnh. + Through: Ch bao quanh xuyn sut hnh. + Top and Bottom: Ch canh theo l trn v l di ca hnh. + Behind Text: Hnh nm di ch to hnh nn. + In Front of Text: Hnh nm trn b mt ch. + Edit Wrap Points: Thit lp gii hn ch ln hnh. + More Layout Options: M mn hnh Layout. Cc chc nng khc: + Position: Thit lp v tr ca i tng trn trang. + Rotate: Thit lp gc xoay cho cc i tng. + Align: Canh l cho i tng hay cc i tng vi nhau. + Group (Ungroup): Gp nhm (b gp nhm) cho cc i tng. + Bring Forward: Thit lp i tng nm trn i tng khc.
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+ Send Backward: Thit lp i tng nm di i tng khc. + Selection Pane: Hin th cc i tng dng danh sch gip d dng chn la v thc thi cc hiu chnh trn i tng. Lu : Canh l cho cc i tng vi nhau hay gp nhm ch thc hin c khi ta chn nhiu i tng cng lc bng cch v gi phm Shift kt hp Click chut chn cc i tng. (Group) Size Cho php thit lp chiu rng hay chiu cao ca i tng.
Hnh 3.27: Group Size
Lu : M rng Size, Wrap Text, Position cng cho cc chc nng tng t nh trn. Chc nng ct xn hnh nh:
+ Crop: Ct b nhng phn khng cn thit ca hnh nh. + Crop to Shape: Ct theo hnh c gi t Auto Shape. + Aspect Ratio: Ct theo t l.
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+ Fill: Ct b nhng vng khng c chn. + Fit: Ct b nhng vng c chn. 3.3.3. Chn cc loi Text vo ti liu Chn WordArt WordArt l cng c to ch ngh thut. WordArt c x l nh mt hnh nh chn vo vn bn. Chn Insert (Group Text) WordArt.
Chn kiu WordArt v nhp ni dung
Hnh 3.28: To ch ngh thut bng WordArt
Hiu chnh WordArt Chn i tng, chn Tab Format.
Hnh 3.29: Tab cha cng c nh dng WordArt

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(Group) Shape Styles: Chn i tng WordArt thc hin m rng Shape Styles, chn hiu ng tng ng.
Hnh 3.30: M rng Shape Styles
Cc chc nng khc: + Shape Fill: To mu nn cho WordArt. + Shape Outline: To mu vin cho WordArt. + Shape Effects: To hiu ng cho WordArt nh l bng, phn chiu, 3D (Group) WordArt Style:
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Hnh 3.31: Group WordArt Style
+ Text Fill + Text Outline + Text Effect
: Mu nn ch WordArt. : Mu ng vin ch WordArt. : Hiu ng ch WordArt.
+ More : M rng WordArt Styles. Hiu ng cho WordArt: Ngoi cc hiu ng nh bng, phn chiu, 3D ngi dng c th thay i hnh dng ca WordArt bng chc nng Transform. Chn Text Box: Text Box l cc cho php ngi dng nhp d liu vo v c th c t bt c u trong ti liu. Insert (Group Text) Text Box.
Ngi dng c th chn Text Box mu m Word 2010 cung cp hay t thit k Text Box ring cho mnh bng cch chn Draw Text Box. AutoText AutoText l chc nng chn vn bn t ng. Trong son tho vn bn, c nhng cm t m ta phi nhp i nhp li nhiu ln, tit
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kim thi gian v thao tc ta c th s dng chc nng AutoText. Cch thc hin: To AutoText: + nh du chn khi vn bn mun to AutoText. + Insert (Group Text) Quick Part, chn AutoText, chn Save Selection to AutoText Gallery. + Trong khung Create new Building Block: nhp t i din vo Textbox Name. + Click nt OK. S dng AutoText: + Ti v tr cn chn AutoText, nhp t i din, nhn phm F3. 3.3.4. Object Cng c cho php chn cc i tng t cc phn mm khc vo vn bn, bng cch chn Insert (Group Text) Object, chn loi object cn chn. Chn cng thc ton hc: Insert (Group Text) Object Microsoft Equation 3.0, xut hin thanh cng c Equation, chn cng c, nhp cng thc, khi kt thc ta click chut ra ngoi thanh cng c t ng ng li.
Hnh 3.32: Thanh cng c Equation
Chn cc mu ngy v thi gian: t du nhy ti v tr m bn mun chn. Chn Tab Insert (Group Text) Date & Time. Trong hp Date & Time click chn mu cn a vo, click OK.
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Hnh 3.33: Hp thoi Date and Time
Equation: Son tho cng thc ton hc theo mu. Insert (Group Symbols) Equation: chn cng thc mu v hiu chnh. 3.3.5. Drop Cap Chc nng Drop Cap dng to mt k t HOA c kch thc ln u ca mi on vn bn. Cch thc hin: t du nhy trong on vn bn mun to ch Drop Cap. Tab Insert (Group Text) Drop Cap. Trong ca s Drop Cap, chn kiu ch Drop Cap. + None: B Drop Cap. + Dropped: Ch Drop Cap nm trong vn bn. + In margin: Ch Drop Cap nm l tri vn bn. Font: Chn kiu ch cho Drop Cap. Lines to drop: S dng vn bn ng vi chiu cao ca ch Drop Cap.
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Hnh 3.34: Hp thoi Drop Cap
Position: V tr gia i tng c Drop Cap v cc hng trong on vn. Font: Thit lp kiu ch cho Drop Cap. Lines to drop: ln cho Drop Cap (n v c tnh bng dng). Distance from text: Khong cch t ch Drop Cap n vn bn.
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3.3.6. Chn biu tng v k hiu c bit (Symbols) Insert (Group Symbols) Symbol chn cc biu tng c sn hoc chn More Symbols
Hnh 3.35: Hp thoi Symbol
Chn k hiu v click Insert a vo ti liu. 3.3.7. To Bookmark v Hyperlink Bookmark dng nh du mt v tr trong ti liu vi mt tn, chc nng ny thng dng trong cc ti liu c ni dung di. Hyperlink dng to lin kt n mt trang Web, mt hnh nh, mt bookmark hay mt chng trnh. To Bookmark t du nhy ti v tr mun nh du . Chn Insert (Group Links) Bookmark.
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Hnh 3.36: Hp thoi Bookmark
Bookmark name: Nhp tn Bookmark. Click Add. Trong ti liu c th c nhiu v tr cn to Bookmark, mi Bookmark c mt tn ring. To Hyperlink nh du khi ni dung vn bn lm nhn lin kt: Chn Tab Insert (Group Links) Hyperlink Xut hin ca s Hyperlink: + Link to: Trang web, bookmark,
Hnh 3.37: Hp thoi Insert Hyperlink
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3.3.8. Cross-reference (To tham chiu cho) Dng tham chiu n mt i tng nh tiu (heading), hnh minh ha, bng biu, trong ti liu. Mc nh n c chn nh mt hyperlink. Cch to: Trong ti liu hin hnh, nhp nhn tham chiu. Chn Insert (Group Links) Cross-reference.
Hnh 3.38: Hp thoi Cross-reference
+ Trong Combobox Reference type, click chn loi i tng mun tham chiu n V d: a heading. + Trong hp Insert reference to, click chn thng tin mun chn vo ti liu V d: the heading text. + Trong hp For which, click ch nh i tng mun tham chiu n. + Insert as hyperlink : Cho php ngi s dng di chuyn n phn t tham chiu. + Click Insert. 3.3.9. To Header & Footer Insert (Group Header & Footer) Header hoc Footer, ngi dng c th chn cc mu Header/Footer c sn hoc Edit Header/Footer nhp ni dung. Chn Remove Header/Footer b Header/Footer
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Hiu chnh Header & Footer:
Hnh 3.39: Tab cha cng c to Header and Footer
Page Number: Thm vo s trang t ng. Date & Time: Thm vo ngy thng hin hnh ly t h thng. Quick Parts: Thc hin chc nng AutoText. Picture: Chn hnh nh t file c sn. Go to Header/Go to Footer: Di chuyn ti Footer hoc Header. Previous, Next: iu hng n trang trc hoc sau. Different First Page: To trang u khc bit so vi cc trang cn li. Different Odd & Even Pages: To trang chn khc bit so vi trang l Show Document Text: Tt bt hin th ti liu trong trang. 3.3.10. Thao tc trn trang: To trang ba theo mu (Cover Page): Insert (Group Pages) Cover Page chn mt mu c sn. Remove Current Cover Page: Xa trang ba. Blank Page: Chn trang trng, Page Break: Qua trang mi.
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3.4.
Bng Chia Ct V Trnh By Trang
Bng (table) l kiu trnh by vn bn c cu trc gm cc ct (column) v cc dng (row), giao gia cc dng v cc ct l cc (cell). 3.4.1. Cch to bng Insert (Group Table) Table.
R chut chn s dng v ct cn to. Tuy nhin cch ny ch to c bng c s dng v ct gii hn. Insert Table: Cho php to bng vi s dng v ct c ngi dng nhp vo, sau Click OK to bng.
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Excel Spreadsheet: Nhng bng tnh (Excel) vo trong Word. Quick Tables: To bng nhanh theo mu. 3.4.2. Hiu chnh bng (Table) Click chut ln bng xut hin Tab Table Tools chn Layout
Hnh 3.40: Tab cha cng c to bng
Chn cc thnh phn trong bng Chn : Click chut ln hng, chn Tab Layout Group Table Select chn Select Cell. Chn ct: Click chut ln ct, chn Tab Layout Group Table Select chn Select Column. Chn hng: Click chut ln hng, chn Tab Layout Group Table Select chn Select Row. Chn c bng: Click chut ln bng, chn Tab Layout Group Table Select chn Select Table.
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Thao tc trn hng v ct Click chut ln bng, chn Layout Group Row & Column gm cc chc nng sau: Insert Above: Thm mt hng pha trn. Insert Below: Thm mt hng pha di . Insert Left: Thm ct bn tri. Insert Right: Thm ct bn phi. Delete: + Delete Cells: Xa . + Delete Columns: Xa ct. + Delete Rows: Xa hng. + Delete Table: Xa bng. Trn hoc tch cc Chn cc cn trn, chn Tab Layout Group Merge c cc chc nng sau: Merge Cell: Trn cc ang chn thnh mt duy nht. Split Cells: Tch thnh nhiu . Split Table: Tch thnh hai bng khc nhau. Thay i ln ca cc Click chut ln bng, Chn Tab Layout Group Cell Size gm cc chc nng sau:
AutoFit:
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+ AutoFit Contents: Kch thc bng co gin theo lng d liu trong bng. + AutoFit Window: Kch thc bng m rng bng chiu rng vng son tho. + Fixed Column Width: C nh chiu rng ct. Height: Hiu chnh chiu cao ca hng. Width: Hiu chnh chiu rng ca ct. Distribute Rows: Hiu chnh cho cc hng c kch thc bng nhau. Distribute Columns: Hiu chnh cho cc ct c kch thc bng nhau.
Canh l cho d liu trong Chn cc cn canh l d liu, Tab Layout Group Alignment c cc chc nng sau:
Hnh 3.41: Group Alignment
Text Direction: Thay i hng ca d liu trong . Cell Margins: Thit lp khong cch gia d liu v l . Thao tc vi d liu trong bng Click chut ln bng, Tab Layout Group Data gm cc chc nng:
Hnh 3.42: Group Data
Sort: Sp xp d liu trong bng.

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Repeat Header Rows: Hng ang c chn s c lp li khi ln ca bng vt qu mt trang. Convert to Text: Loi b bng v chuyn d liu bn trong v dng chui. Formula: Thc hin tnh ton vi cc trng d liu trong bng V d: Cn tnh tng tin cc linh kin c lit k trong bng sau: Thc hin: Click chut ln cn tnh ton chn Tab Layout Group Data Formula.
Hnh 3.43: Hp thoi Formula
3.4.3. Thit k bng Thc hin: Click chut ln bng chn Tab Design.
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Hnh 3.44: Tab cha cng c trang tr bng
Group Table Styles Cho php to ra cc bng d liu p mt theo mu c to sn. Thc hin: Click chut ln bng v chn Style. C th m rng Style c nhiu Style hn.
Hnh 4.45: Group Table Styles
Shading: T mu nn. Borders: To ng vin. (Group) Draw Borders Draw Table: to bng t do. Pen Color: Chn mu cho ng vin. Eraser: Xa cc ng trong bng. (Group) Table Style Options Header Row: Nhn mnh hng u tin (tiu ). Total Row: Nhn mnh hng cui. Banded Rows: To s phn bit gia cc hng (t mu cch hng). First Column: Nhn mnh ct u. Last Column: Nhn mnh ct cui. Banded Column: To s phn bit gia cc ct (t mu cch ct).
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3.4.4. Chia ct (columns) Chc nng Columns cho php nh dng vn bn dng ct bo. Chn khi vn bn mun chia ct, chn Page Layout (Group Page Setup) Columns. Ngi dng chn s lng ct cn chia hoc chn More Columns m hp thoi Columns.
Hnh 3.46: Hp thoi Columns
Presets: chn mt trong cc mu c sn hoc nhp s ct vo Number of columns. Line between: K/Khng k ng phn cch gia cc ct. Width and spacing: rng ca ct v khong cch gia cc ct. Apply to: Phm vi chia ct. Lu : Khi chia ct ngi dng thng mc cc li nh chia hai ct d liu nm bn mt ct, khng th thot ra khi hai ct Cc li ny xy ra khu qut chn d liu (thng l khng ngt on).
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chia ct lun thnh cng ngi dng nn bt nt Show/Hide khi qut chn d liu khng qut phi du Enter cui cng . 3.4.5. Trnh by trang T mu nn cho trang (Page Color): Thc hin: Page Layout Group Page Background Page Color. To Watermark Chc nng Watermark cho php ngi dng to lp ch m di vn bn. Watermark thng dng bo hiu loi ti liu cn c quan tm c bit nh Confidential (mt) hoc Urgent (khn). Page Layout (Group Page Background) Watermark.
Custom Watermark: To Watermark theo ngi dng.
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Hnh 3.48: Hp thoi Printed Watermark
+ No Watermark: B Watermark. + Picture Watermark: To Watermark l hnh nh c chn. + Text Watermark: To Watermark l ch c nhp vo Textbox Text + Remove Watermark: Xa Watermark. Footnote v Endnote Chn ch thch cho ti liu, ti v tr ch thch s c nh du v ni dung ch thch xut hin cui trang (Footnote) hoc cui ti liu (Endnote). t du nhy ti v tr mun to ch thch. Tab References (Group Footnotes) Insert Footnote to ch thch cui trang hoc Insert Endnote to ch thch cui ti liu Cc chc nng khc: + Next Footnote: Di chuyn n footnote k tip trong ti liu + Show Notes: Di chuyn nhanh n ni t Footnote hoc Endnote
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3.5.
Style
3.5.1. Khi nim Trong qu trnh son tho vn bn, c nhng ni dung c nh dng ging nhau, nu nh dng ln lt cho tng ni dung ring s mt nhiu thi gian v khng nht qun. Mt trong nhng cch n gin thc hin iu ny l dng Style. Style l mt tp hp cc nh dng c to trc v c mt tn. Style rt cn thit khi son tho gio trnh hoc ti liu c nhiu mc, nhiu loi vn bn khc nhau. Style c th p dng cho cho on vn (Paragraph), cho k t (Character) hoc c hai (Linked). Word c sn cc Style mc nh, ngi dng c th nh ngha thm Style. Cc Style c cha trong trong Group Styles trn thanh Ribbon ca tab Home. 3.5.2. Cc thao tc trn Style Cch to Style nh dng cho khi vn bn. Chn khi vn bn va nh dng. M rng Style, chn Save Selection as a New Quick Style.
Nhp tn Style trong textbox Name:

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Hnh 3.49: Hp thoi t tn Style
Chn Modify t hp thoi trn hiu chnh Style:
Hnh 3.50: Hp thoi Create New Style from Formatting
Name: Nhp tn Style mi.

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Style type: Chn loi Style (paragraph, character, linked). Style based on: Chn Style lm c s cho Style ang to, Style ang to s bao gm cc nh dng ca Style nn. Style for following paragraph: Chn Style cho on k tip. Formatting: Chn cc nh dng cho Style. Click nt Format cho php m rng cc nh dng nh: Font, Paragraph, Tabs, Border, Language, Frame, Numbering, Shortcut Key, Text Effects. Gn Style Chn khi vn bn mun nh dng theo mt Style no .. Chn tn Style trong hp Group Styles, hoc nhn t hp phm tt. Hiu chnh Style Trong ca s Styles and Formatting. Right Click vo tn Style mun hiu chnh, chn Modify... Thc hin hiu chnh. 3.5.3. To bng mc lc to mc lc cn phi to Style trc, ni dung no mun xut hin trong mc lc th ni dung phi c gn Style. Chn Tab References Group Table of Contents Table of Contents chn Insert Table of Contents. Show page numbers: Hin th s trang. Tab leader: Kiu Tab t tn mc n s trang. Formats: Chn kiu nh dng. Show levels: S cp xut hin trong mc lc.
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Hnh 3.51: Hp thoi Table of Contents
Click chn Optionsxut hin ca s Table of Contents Options.

Hnh 3.52: Hp thoi Table of Contents Options
Mc Available Styles: Danh sch cc Style ang tn ti. Trong mc TOC level: Ch nh cp xut hin ca Style tng ng. Click OK hon tt.
3.5.3.2.
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3.6.
Template
3.6.1. Khi nim Template l mt tp tin mu, cho php to mt tp tin mi vi mu c to sn. Tp tin mu c th bao gm tiu , logo, nhng nh dng khc. Tp tin mu c phn ui l .dotx. Trong Word c sn cc tp tin Template, ta c th s dng bng cch: Chn File New Sample Templates xut hin ca s Template, cha cc mu Template, chn mt mu ph hp vi ni dung ca ti liu sau chn tip: + Document chn Create s dng Template. + Template chn Create sa Template t Template c sn. +
Hnh 3.53: Hp thoi chn Templates
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3.6.2. To tp tin mu mi Chn File New My Templates.
Hnh 3.54: Hp thoi to Template mi
+ + + +
Trong th Personal Templates chn Blank document. Ti mc Create New chn Template, OK. Son tho v nh dng cho tp tin mu. Lu tp tin mu trong th mc mc C:\WINDOWS\Application Data\Microsoft\Templates.
nh
3.6.3. Download tp tin mu File New trong mc Office.com Templates chn lnh vc, chn mu v click Download ti v. Yu cu my phi ni mng Internet.
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Hnh 3.55: Download Templates t Office.com
3.7.
Cc Chc Nng Khc
3.7.1. Trn th (Mail Merge) Cng vic vn phng thng c nhu cu to cc giy mi, phiu bo, th cm n, giy chng nhn, Nhng mu th tn ny thng c chung mu m, ch khc nhau thng tin ca ngi nhn. thc hin cng vic ny mt cch nhanh chng v chnh xc Word h tr cng c gi l Mail Merge To Data source: L mt Table cha danh sch ngi nhn th, trong cc ct s cha cc thng tin ca ngi nhn, lu thnh tp tin dulieu.doc To mu th tn: Cha ni dung chung cho tt c cc th. Thc hin trn th: Gm 6 bc:
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+ Ti trang th tn, chn Tab Mailings (Group Start Mail Merge) Start Mail Merge Step by Step Mail Merge Wizard. Xut hin ca s Mail Merge. + Select document type: Chn loi th (Chn Letters), next. + Select starting document: - Chn Use the current document: Chn ti liu hin hnh lm mu th trn Start from a Template: Chn mu Template Start from existing document: Chn mt ti liu c, chn xong click next sang bc k tip
+ Use an existing list: Chn bng d liu cha danh sch ngi nhn, click nt browse, m danh sch, click nt select all, OK, Next. + Xem trc thng tin c trn. + Thc hin trn: C th dng thanh cng c Mail merge, Click nt Merge to new document, xut hin ca s Merge, chn phm vi trn, OK hon tt, cc th trn xong c lu vo mt tp tin mi. + Tnh nng nng cao: khai thc ht nhng tnh nng ca trn th nh thm iu kin (If Then Else), Next Record, Next Record If chn Tab Mailings Group Write & Insert Fields Rules. 3.7.2. Tm kim v thay th (Find and Replace) Tm kim Tm kim l bi ton kh ph bin trong lnh vc Tin hc. Vic tm kim bng tay vi khi lng vn bn ln lun l iu khng kh thi, tn nhiu cng sc m li km hiu qu. Word cung cp cho ngi dng tnh nng tm kim rt mnh m, rt ngn thi gian tm kim v lun m bo tnh chnh xc. View (Group Show) Navigation Pane xut hin hp thoi Navigation cho php ngi dng nhp ni dung cn tm trong mc Search Document.
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Hnh 3.56: Hp thoi Navigation
Thay th ni dung Chc nng Replace thay th ni dung c bng ni dung mi. View (Group Show) Navigation Pane, click m rng Combo box Search Document chn Replace.
Hnh 3.57: Chn chc nng Replace
Xut hin hp thoi Find and Replace:
Hnh 3.58: Hp thoi Find and Replace

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Find what: Nhp ni dung cn tm. Find Next: Tm ti ni dung k tip. Replace with: Nhp ni dung thay th. Replace: Thay th ni dung ang c nh du hin hnh. Replace All: Thay th ton b ni dung c nh du trong ti liu. Cancel: Hy b.
3.7.3. Thm ch thch Ch thch c thm vo ti liu Word nhm din gii cho mt ni dung no . Review (Group Comments) New Comment, nhp ni dung ch thch. Cc chc nng khc ca Group Comments: + Delete: Xa ch thch. + Previous: Di chuyn n ch thch bn trn. + Next: Di chuyn n ch thch pha di.
3.8.
In n Trong Word
thc hin in n t MS Word, t th File Print. Chn thng s thit lp nh m t phn Windows trc khi in n. Nhng trc khi thc hin in n, chng ta phi thit lp thng s trc khi in. 3.8.1. nh dng trang in Page Layout Group Page Setup, vi cc mc chnh nh sau: Nt Margins: Ch nh thng s v l cho trang in. Chng ta c th chn t cc mu c sn, hoc chn Custom margins ty nhp thng s v l: l trn, di, tri, phi (Top, Bottom, Left, Right). Nt Orientation: chn hng in dc hay ngang. Nt size: Chn kch thc giy in trong danh sch, hoc nhp kch thc trang theo yu cu ca ngi dng t mc More Paper Sizes.
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Chng ta c th m rng Page Setup (click vo v tr mi tn pha cui bn phi ca th) xut hin hp thoi Page Setup.
Hnh 4.39: Hp thoi Page Setup
Th Page: t hng trang, chn kh giy in. + Orientation: Chn hng . + Scaling : Chn t l in. + Paper size: Chn kh giy. + Print quality: Cht lng in. + First page number: S bt u ca trang u. 3.8.2. Thit lp trc khi in Copies: S lng bn in. Printer: Chn my in. Print All Pages: In tt c hoc nhp s trang in vo Textbox Pages. Print One Sided: Chn in mt mt hay hai mt. Collated: Th t trang in Portrait Orientation: Hng giy in. Custom Page Size: Kh giy in. Custom Margins: Thit lp l. 1 Page Per Sheet: Thit lp s lng trang in trn mt t giy in.
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Chng 4. MICROSOFT EXCEL

4.1. Gii Thiu Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Excel l phn mm v bng tnh in t dng lu tr, t chc v thao tc trn d liu. Vng lm vic ca Excel l mt bng gm nhiu hng v ct. Hng (row) c c nhn din bi s (1,2,3,) v ct (column) c nhn din bi k t (A,B,C,). Giao gia hng v ct l (cell) v c a ch l <ct-hng> v d A7. l n v c s lu tr d liu ca bng tnh. 4.1.1. Cc thnh phn trong ca s Excel
Hnh 4.1: Giao din MS Excel 2010
Cc thnh phn trong ca s Excel gm: Title bar: Thanh tiu . Tab bar: Thanh lnh. Ribbon: Thanh cha cc Group cng c. Formula bar: Thanh cng thc. Sheet Tab: Cha cc sheet trong workbook.
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4.1.2. Cu trc ca mt workbook Workbook Mt tp tin ca Excel 2010 c gi l mt Workbook v c phn phn loi mc nh l .xlsx. Mt Workbook c xem nh l mt ti liu gm nhiu trang gi l sheet, mt workbook c ti a 255 sheet. Worksheet Mi mt sheet l mt bng tnh gm cc hng v ct Hng: C ti a l 1.048.576 hng, c nh s th t t 1,2,3, Ct: C ti a l 256 ct, c nh s t A,B,C, : L giao ca ct v hng, d liu c cha trong cc , gia cc c li phn cch. Mi c mt a ch c xc nh bng tn ca ct v s th t hng.
<tn ct><Ch s hng>

Con tr : L mt khung nt i, cha con tr c gi l hin hnh. Vng (Range): Gm nhiu lin tip nhau, mi vng c mt a ch c gi l a ch vng. a ch vng c xc nh bi a ch ca gc trn bn tri v gc di bn phi, gia a ch ca 2 ny l du hai chm (:) v d C5:F10 Gridline: Trong bng tnh c cc li (Gridline) dng phn cch gia cc , cc li ny s khng xut hin trong trang in. Mun bt/tt Gridline, chn lnh View (Group Show) Gridlines Cc thao tc trn sheet Chn Sheet lm vic: Click vo tn Sheet. i tn Sheet: D_Click ngay tn Sheet cn i tn, sau nhp vo tn mi. Chn thm mt Sheet: Chn lnh Insert WorkSheet. Xa mt Sheet: Chn Sheet cn xa, R_Click Delete. 4.1.3. Cc kiu d liu v cch nhp Kiu d liu s
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Khi nhp vo s bao gm: 0..9, +, -, *, /, (, ), E, %, $, ngy v gi th s theo ng quy c trong mi trng Windows s mc nh c canh l phi trong . t quy nh v cch nhp v hin th s trong Windows: chn lnh Start Control Panel Regional and Language Formats Additional Settings Number
Hnh 4.2: Hp thoi Customize Format
D liu dng s (Number): + Decimal symbol: Quy c du phn cch phn thp phn. + No. of digits after decimal: S ch s thp phn. + Digits grouping symbol: Du phn cch hng ngn. + Digits grouping : S s hng trong Group.
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+ Negative number format: nh dng s m. + List separator: Quy c du phn cch ngn. D liu dng tin t (Currency): Excel cho php ngi dng nh dng cch hin th cc loi tin t khc nhau. Du phn cch gia cc phn theo quy nh ca h thng nh kiu Number. Kiu d liu tin t ng s t ng canh phi. D liu dng ngy (Date): Excel s hiu d liu kiu Date khi ta nhp vo ng theo s quy nh ca Windows, d liu s canh phi trong . Ngc li Excel s hiu l kiu chui. kim tra v thay i quy nh khi nhp d liu kiu Date cho Windows: chn Start Control Panel Regional and Language Formats Additional Settings Date. D liu dng gi (Time): Excel s hiu d liu kiu Time khi ta nhp ng theo quy nh ca Windows, mc nh l gi:pht:giy (hh:mm:ss AM/PM). D liu s canh phi trong . D liu kiu chui (Text) D liu chui bao gm k t ch v s, khi nhp th mc nh l canh tri trong . Cng thc (Formula) Cng thc bt u bng du =, gi tr hin th trong l kt qu ca cng thc, c th l mt tr s, mt ngy thng, mt gi, mt chui hay mt thng bo li. Cng thc l s kt hp gia cc ton t v ton hng. Cc ton t nh: +, -, *, /, &,^, >, <, >=, <=, =,<>, Cc ton hng nh: hng, hm, a ch , a ch vng,
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4.1.4. Cc loi a ch v cc thng bo li thng gp a ch tng i L a ch m n t ng cp nht theo s thay i ca a ch ngun khi thc hin thao tc copy cng thc bo ton mi quan h tng i gia cc trong cng thc. Quy c: a ch tng i ca c dng:
<Tn ct><Ch s hng>

V d:
Hnh 4.3: V d a ch tng i
a ch tuyt i: L a ch m n khng thay i khi thc hin thao tc copy cng thc. Quy c: a ch tuyt i ca c dng:
$<Tn ct>$<Ch s hng>

V d:
Hnh 4.4: V d a ch tuyt i
Trong v d trn, a ch D1 khng i khi copy cng thc
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a ch hn hp L a ch m n ch thay i mt trong hai thnh phn (hng hoc ct) khi copy cng thc. Quy c: a ch hn hp c dng. gi c nh ct khi copy cng thc gi c nh hng khi copy cng thc
$<Tn ct><Ch s hng>

V d: $A1
<Tn ct>$<Ch s hng>

V d: A$1 V d:
Hnh 4.5: V d a ch hn hp
Khi copy cng thc t D3 sang F3 th ct B khng i -> c nh ct B. Cch chuyn i gia cc loi a ch Khi nhp mt a ch trong cng thc v nhn phm F4 chuyn t a ch tng i sang tuyt i v hn hp.
Hnh 4.6: Chuyn i qua li cc loi a ch
Cc thng bo li thng gp trong Excel Khi Excel khng tnh c mt cng thc th chng trnh s bo li sai, bt u bng du #, di y l danh sch cc thng bo li thng gp.
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Thng bo li #DIV/0! #N/A #NAME? #NULL #NUM! #REF! #VALUE!
Nguyn nhn Trong cng thc c php tnh chia cho 0. Cng thc tham chiu n c gi tr khng tm thy hoc nhp hm thiu i s. Trong cng thc c tn hm hoc tn sai. Xy ra khi xc nh giao gia 2 vng nhng vng giao nhau l rng. D liu s b sai. Xy ra khi trong cng thc c tham chiu n mt a ch khng hp l. Trong cng thc c cc ton hng v ton t sai kiu.
4.2.
Cc Thao Tc C Bn
4.2.1. X l trn khi d liu t tn cho vng thun tin cho vic thao tc trn d liu, ta c th t tn cho mt vng d liu c chn nh sau: Chn vng d liu cn t tn. Nhp tn vng vo mc Name box. Nhn enter. Sao chp d liu t ny sang khc v in d liu S dng chc nng Copy v Paste: + Chn vng d liu ngun cn sao chp. + Chn Home (Group Clipboard) Copy hoc nhn Ctrl+C + Di chuyn con tr n u tin ca vng ch. + Chn Home (Group Clipboard) Paste hoc nhn Ctrl+V T ng in d liu (AutoFill): + S dng tnh nng AutoFill: Khi Drag ti Fill handle xung pha di hoc sang phi, AutoFill s to ra dy cc gi tr tng dn da theo mu trong dy c chn. + S dng tnh nng Fill t Ribbon: Ngoi tnh nng AutoFill, cn c th s dng lnh Fill t Group Editing thc hin nhng sao chp n gin.
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t tr ti mun sao chp v Drag n nhng mun in vo Chn Home (Group Editing) Fill, sau chn lnh Down, Right, Up, Left thch hp vi hng mun sao chp
S dng chc nng Copy v Paste Special Chc nng Paste Special gip ngi dng c th sao chp mt thnh phn no ca d liu. + Chn d liu cn sao chp. + Chn Home (Group Clipboard) Copy. + Chn v tr cn sao chp n + Chn Tab Home Group Clipboard Paste Paste Special. + Xut hin hp thoi Paste Special. Chn dng sao chp:
Hnh 4.7: Hp thoi Paste Special
Formulas: Ch sao chp cng thc. Values: Ch sao chp gi tr. Formats: Ch sao chp nh dng. Comments: Ch sao chp ch thch. Validation: Sao chp kim tra tnh hp l d liu.
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All except Borders: Sao chp tt c ngoi tr ng vin. Column widths: Sao chp rng ca ct. Formulas and number formats: Sao chp cng thc v nh dng d liu s. Values and number formats: Sao chp gi tr v nh dng d liu s. Operation: Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide: Sao chp ng thi thc hin php ton cng, tr, nhn, chia.
4.2.2. Thao tc trn hng v ct Thm hng Chn cc hng m ti mun chn thm hng mi vo. Vo Home (Group Cells) Insert Sheet Rows hoc R_Click, chn Insert Thm ct Chn cc ct m ti mun chn thm ct mi vo. Vo Home (Group Cells) Insert Sheet Columns hoc R_Click, chn Insert Thm mi Chn cc hoc a con tr n m ti mun chn cc trng vo. Chn Home (Group Cells) Insert Cells hoc R_Click, chn Insert..., xut hin hp thoi sau:
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+ + + +
Shift cells right: D liu trong hin hnh b y sang phi. Shift cells down: D liu trong hin hnh b y xung di. Entire row: Chn c dng mi. Entire column: Chn c ct mi.
Xa hng, ct, hoc Xa hng/ct: Chn cc hng/ct cn xa. Chn Home Group Cells Delete Delete Sheet Rows/Delete Sheet Columns hoc R_Click chn Delete. Xa : Chn cc cn xa. Chn Home Group Cells Delete Delete Cells hoc R_Click chn Delete... Thay i rng ca ct v chiu cao ca hng C th thay i rng ca ct hoc chiu cao ca hng bng cch a chut n bin gia tn ct/hng sau drag chut thay i kch thc. + Dng Home (Group Cells) Format. + Chn Row Height thay i chiu cao ca hng (hoc chn Column Width thay i rng ca ct). + Chn AutoFit Row Height/AutoFit Column Width t ng iu chnh kch thc va vi d liu.
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4.2.3. nh dng cch hin th d liu nh dng cch hin th d liu s Chn vng d liu cn nh dng. Chn Home (Group Cells) Format Format Cells, chn th Number.
Hnh 4.8: Hp thoi Format Cells
D liu s khi nhp vo mt trn bng tnh ph thuc vo 2 thnh phn: Loi (Category) v m nh dng (Format code). Mt s c th hin th theo nhiu loi nh Number, Date, Percentage, mi loi c nhiu cch chn m nh dng. Chn loi th hin trong khung Category.
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LOI General
CNG DNG nh dng s mc nh, canh phi, gi nguyn dng ban u nh khi nhp vo nh dng s vi du chm ng c th h tr bng cc du phy, s ch s thp phn ty . nh dng n v tin t nh dng tin t c thit k canh cc ct theo du thp phn ca gi tr tin t nh dng ngy thng chung, ngy thng c hin th theo mt s kiu tiu chun nh dng gi chung, gi c hin th theo mt s kiu tiu chun Mt cch nh dng m cc gi tr trong cc c chn c nhn vi 100 v kt qu hin th vi biu tng % nh dng di dng phn s nh dng s khoa hc, s dng m cho cc s c qu nhiu ch s nh dng s nh vn bn Cc dng c bit Zip Code, Phone Number Danh sch cc dng tiu chun hoc cc dng ty chn
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V D 15.75 15234 3.14159 (1,234.57) $12.345 1234 VN $75.50 $5.50 09/12/2010 Sep-12-10 2:30 PM 14:30:20 100% 68.8% 1/5 1.25E+3 2.0E-2 123 981012312-3456 15/06/2010
Number Currency Accounting
Date
Time
Percentage
Fraction Scientific Text Special Custom
Ngoi ra c th nh dng nhanh cch hin th s bng cch dng cng c trn thanh cng c Formatting.
Hnh 4.9: nh dng hin th s bng cng c Formatting
Currency: nh dng kiu tin t. Percent Style : nh dng kiu phn trm. Comma Style: nh dng c du phn cch ngn. Increase Decimal: Tng thm mt s l phn thp phn. Decrease Decimal: Gim bt mt s l phn thp phn.
nh dng n v tin t kim tra, thay i nh dng cch hin th tin t trong mi trng Windows, Chn Start Control Panel Regional and Language Additional Settings Currency. Currency symbol: Nhp dng k hiu tin t. Positive currency format: Chn v tr t k hiu tin t. Canh l d liu trong Chn Home (Group Cells) Format FormatCells Alignment.
Hnh 4.10: Hp thoi Format Cells

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Text Alignment: Canh l cho d liu trong . + Horizontal : Canh l theo chiu ngang (Left/ Right/ Center/ Justified/ Center Across Selection/ Distributed/ Fill). + Vertical: Canh l theo chiu ng (Top/ Center/ Bottom/ Justify/ Distributed). Orientation: Chn hng cho d liu (nhp s o gc quay trong Degrees). Text Control: iu chnh d liu. + Wrap text: D liu t ng xung dng khi gp l phi ca . + Shrink to fit: D liu t ng thu nh kch thc cho va vi . + Merge cells: Kt hp cc thnh 1 . nh dng k t Chn Home Group Cells Format Format Cells Font: Chn kiu nh dng. C th nh dng bng cng c Group Font. K khung cho bng tnh Chn Home Group Cells Format Format Cells Border.
Presets: Chn kiu k khung. + None: B k khung.

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+ Inside: K cc ng trong. + Outside: K ng vin xung quanh. Border: cho php chn ng k trc quan theo yu cu. Line: + Style: Chn kiu ca ng k. + Color: Mu ca ng k. T nn cho bng tnh Chn Home (Group Cells) Format Format Cells Fill + Pattern Color: Chn mu nn. + Pattern Style: Chn cc mu nn. C th t nhanh bng cch Click nt Fill Color Group Font. Lu : C th m hp thoi Format Cells bng cch chn vng d liu, R_Click chn Format Cells trong Shortcut menu.
4.3.
Mt S Hm Trong Excel
Hm dng tnh ton v tr v mt gi tr, trong cha hm s tr v mt gi tr, mt chui k t hoc mt thng bo li, Excel c mt tp hp cc hm rt phong ph v c phn loi theo tng nhm phc v cho vic tnh ton trn nhiu kiu d liu v nhiu mc ch khc nhau. 4.3.1. C php chung v cch s dng C php chung = TN HM ([Danh sch i s]) a s cc hm ca Excel u c i s nhng cng c nhng hm khng c i s. Nu hm c nhiu i s th gia cc i s phi c phn cch bng k hiu phn cch, cc k hiu phn cch c quy nh trong Control Panel vi mc nh l du phy Cch s dng Nu cng thc bt u l mt hm th phi c du = (hoc du @, hoc du +) pha trc. Nu hm l i s ca mt hm khc th khng cn nhp cc du trn. C 2 cch nhp hm: Cch 1: Nhp trc tip t bn phm + t tr chut ti mun nhp hm.
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+ Nhp du = (hoc du @, hoc du +). + Nhp tn hm cng cc i s theo ng c php. + Nhn Enter kt thc. Cch 2: Thng qua hp thoi Insert Function + t tr ti mun nhp hm. + Click chn Insert Function hoc Shift+F3.
Hnh 4.11: Hp thoi Insert Function
+ + + +
Chn Group hm trong danh sch Function category. Chn hm cn s dng trong danh sch Function name. Click OK chn hm. Ty theo hm c chn, Excel s m hp thoi k tip cho php nhp cc i s (nhp hoc qut chn). Tin hnh nhp cc i s. V d danh sch cc i s cn nhp ca hm IF
Hnh 4.12: Hp thoi Function Arguments

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4.3.2. Cc hm thng dng Cc hm ton hc (Math) C PHP ABS(number) NGHA V V D Tr v gi tr tuyt i ca mt s thc. =ABS(12 - 20) 8 Tr v s nguyn ln nht khng vt qu number. =INT(5.6) 5 =INT(-5.6) -6 Tr v s d ca php chia nguyn number cho divisor (number, divisor l cc s nguyn). =MOD(5, 3) 2 Lm trn ln ti mt s nguyn l gn nht. =ODD(3.6) 5 =ODD(-2.2) -3 Tnh tch ca cc gi tr trong danh sch tham s. =PRODUCT(2, -6, 3, 4) -144 Tr v mt s ngu nhin trong khong t 0 n 1. =RAND( ) S ngu nhin Lm trn s number vi chnh xc n num_digits ch s thp phn (vi qui c 0 l lm trn ti hng n v, 1 l ly 1 ch s thp phn, -1 l lm trn ti hng chc, ...). =ROUND(5.13687, 2) 5.14 =ROUND(145.13687, -2) 100 Tnh cn bc 2 ca mt s dng number. =SQRT(36) 6 Tnh tng ca cc gi tr trong danh sch tham s. =SUM(2, -6, 8, 4) 8 Tnh tng cc tha mn iu kin. - range: vng m iu kin s c so snh. - criteria: chui m t iu kin. V d: "10", ">15", "<20",
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INT(number)
MOD(number, divisor)
ODD(number) PRODUCT(number1, number2, ...) RAND( )
ROUND(number, num_digits)
SQRT(number) SUM(number1, number2, ...) SUMIF(range, criteria [, sum_range])
- sum_range: vng c tnh tng. Cc trong vng ny s c tnh tng nu cc tng ng trong vng range tha iu kin. Nu khng c sum_range th vng range s c tnh. =SUMIF(C4:C12, >=6, F4:F12) Cc hm thng k (Statistical) C PHP NGHA V V D
Tr v gi tr ln nht ca cc gi tr s MAX(number1, number2, ...) trong danh sch tham s. =MAX(1, 2, 3, 5) 5 MIN(number1, number2, ...) AVERAGE(number1, number2, ...) COUNT(value1, value2, ...) Tr v gi tr nh nht ca cc gi tr s trong danh sch tham s. =MIN(1, 2, 3, 5) 1 Tr v gi tr trung bnh cng ca cc s trong danh sch tham s. =AVERAGE(1, 2, 3, 5) 2.75
m s cc gi tr s trong danh sch tham s. =COUNT(2, hai, 4, -6) 3 m s cc khng rng trong danh sch COUNTA(value1, value2, ...) tham s. =COUNTA(2, hai, 4, -6) 4 COUNTBLANK(range) m s cc rng trong vng range. =COUNTBLANK(B4:B12)
m cc tha mn iu kin criteria trong vng range. - range: l vng m iu kin s c so COUNTIF(range, criteria) snh. - criteria: l chui m t iu kin. V d: "10", ">15", "<20". =COUNTIF(B4:B12, >=6)
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RANK(number, ref [, order])
Tr v th hng ca number trong ref, vi order l cch xp hng. Nu order = 0 hoc c b qua th ref c hiu l c th t gim. Nu order <> 0 th ref c hiu l c th t tng.
Cc hm Logic C PHP AND(logical1, logical2, ) NGHA V V D Tr v gi tr TRUE nu tt c cc iu kin u l TRUE. =AND(3>2, 5<8, 9>-12) TRUE
Tr v gi tr FALSE nu tt c iu kin l FALSE. OR(logical1, logical2, ) =OR(2>3, 12<8, 9>3) TRUE =OR(2>3, 12<8, -9>3) FALSE NOT(logical) Ly ph nh ca gi tr logical. =NOT(2>3) TRUE
Tr v gi tr value_if_true nu iu kin logical_test l TRUE, ngc li s tr v IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false) gi tr value_if_false. =IF(A1 >=5, u,Rt)
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Cc hm x l chui (Text) C PHP LOWER(text) NGHA V V D Chuyn chui text thnh ch thng. =LOWER(i Hc Cng Nghip) i hc cng nghip Chuyn chui text thnh ch in hoa. =UPPER(i Hc Cng Nghip) I HC CNG NGHIP TPHCM i cc k t u ca mi t trong chui text thnh ch in hoa, cn li u l ch thng. =PROPER(I HC CNG NGIP) i Hc Cng Nghip Ct b cc k t trng v ch trong chui text. =TRIM( i Hc Cng Nghip ) i Hc Cng Nghip Tr v di ca chui text. =LEN(I HC CNG NGHIP) 19 Tr v num_char k t bn tri chui text. =LEFT(I HC CNG NGHIP, 7) I HC Tr v num_char k t bn phi chui text. =RIGHT(I HC CNG NGHIP, 11) CNG NGHIP Tr v chui k t c di num_chars bt u t v tr start_num ca chui text. =MID(I HC CNG NGIP, 5, 3) HC Chuyn chui c dng s thnh tr s. = VALUE("123") + 2 125
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UPPER(text)
PROPER(text)
TRIM(text)
LEN(text)
LEFT(text, num_chars)
RIGHT(text, num_chars)
MID(text, start_num, num_chars)
VALUE(text)
Cc hm ngy v gi (Date & Time) C PHP TODAY( ) NOW( ) NGHA V V D Tr v ngy hin hnh ca h thng. =TODAY( ) Tr v ngy v gi hin hnh ca h thng. =NOW( ) Tr v gi tr ngy trong thng ca biu thc ngy date. =DAY(A1) 14 Tr v gi tr thng trong nm ca biu thc ngy date. =MONTH(A1) 8 Tr v gi tr nm ca biu thc ngy date. =YEAR(A1) 2010 Tr v s th t ngy trong tun ca biu thc date. Gi tr 1: Sunday, 2:Monday, ..., 7: Saturday. =WEEKDAY(A1) 3 Tr v gi tr dng Date theo quy nh ca h thng. =DATE(2010,08,14) 14/08/2010 =DATE(10,8,14) 14/08/2010 Tr v gi tr dng Time. =TIME(8,25,28) 8:25:28 AM =TIME(17,2,46) 5:2:46 PM
DAY(date)
MONTH(date) YEAR(date)
WEEKDAY(date)
DATE(year, month, day)
TIME(hour, minute, second)
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Cc hm tm kim (Lookup & Reference) Hm VLOOKUP Chc nng: Tm gi tr lookup_value trong ct tri nht ca bng table_array theo chun d tm range_lookup, tr v tr tng ng trong ct th col_index_num (nu tm thy). C php:
VLOOKUP(lookup_value, Table_array, col_index_num, range_lookup)

+ range_lookup = 1: Tm tng i, danh sch cc gi tr d tm ca bng Table_array phi sp xp theo th t tng dn. Nu tm khng thy s tr v gi tr ln nht nhng nh hn lookup_value. + range_lookup = 0: Tm chnh xc, danh sch cc gi tr d tm ca bng Table_array khng cn sp xp th t. Nu tm khng thy s tr v li #N/A. V d:
Hnh 4.13: V d s dng hm Vlookup
Hm HLOOKUP Chc nng: Tm gi tr lookup_value trong dng trn cng ca bng table_array theo chun d tm range_lookup, tr v tr tng ng trong dng th row_index_num (nu tm thy).
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C php:
HLOOKUP(lookup_value, Table_array, row_index_num, range_lookup)

ngha ca cc i s ca hm Hlookup tng t nh hm Vlookup. V d:
Hnh 4.14: V d s dng hm Hlookup
Hm MATCH Chc nng: Hm tr v v tr ca lookup_value trong mng lookup_array theo cch tm match_type C php:
MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, match_type)

+ match_type = 1: Tm tng i, danh sch cc gi tr d tm ca bng Table_array phi sp xp theo th t tng dn. Nu tm khng thy s tr v v tr ca gi tr ln nht nhng nh hn lookup_value. + match_type = 0: Tm chnh xc, danh sch cc gi tr d tm ca bng Table_array khng cn sp xp th t. Nu tm khng thy s tr v li #N/A. + match_type = -1: Tm tng i, danh sch phi sp xp cc gi tr d tm ca bng Table_array theo th t gim dn. Nu tm
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khng thy s tr v v tr ca gi tr nh nht nhng ln hn lookup_value. V d:
Hnh 4.15: V d s dng hm Match
Hm INDEX Chc nng: Tr v gi tr trong hng th row_num, ct th column_num trong mng array. C php:
INDEX(array, row_num, column_num)

V d:
Hnh 4.16: V d s dng hm Index
Cc hm kim tra (IS_function) Cc hm kim tra dng kim tra xem kiu ca mt gi tr hay ca mt c tha mn mt iu kin no khng. Chng hn: d liu c phi l gi tr s khng? C phi l chui k t khng?... Cc hm kim tra lun tr v mt trong hai gi tr TRUE hoc FALSE. Nh vy cc hm ny c th p ng c trong cc trng hp m c mt s d liu ngoi l trong mt bng d liu cn tnh ton. ISERROR(value): Tr v gi tr TRUE nu value l mt li bt k, ngc li th tr v gi tr FALSE. ISNA(value): Tr v gi tr TRUE nu value l li #N/A, ngc li th tr v gi tr FALSE.
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ISNUMBER(value): Tr v gi tr TRUE nu value l gi tr s, ngc li th tr v gi tr FALSE. ISTEXT(value): Tr v gi tr TRUE nu value l mt chui, ngc li th tr v FALSE. 4.3.3. Cng thc mng H tr thng k, tnh ton da trn nhiu iu kin khc nhau v c thc hin trn mng d liu. Khi thc hin tnh ton bng cng thc mng th cng thc c bao bc bi hai du ngoc {}. Hai du ngoc ny ngi dng khng g m c t pht sinh khi ngi dng thc hin tnh ton bng cch nhn t hp phm Ctrl+Shift+Enter. Nu khi thc hin tnh ton hoc sa cha cng thc m qun nhn t hp phm trn th cng thc s tr v gi tr khng ng hay thng bo li #VALUE! Error. V d: Tnh tng s lng in thoi do Minh bn:
Thc hin: Nu phn t Bi l in thoi, tc l 1 (True) c tr v ngc li 0 (False) c tr v. Nu phn t Ci l Minh, 1 c tr v ngc li 0 c tr v. Cui cng phn t Di c tr v. 3 gi tr ny c nhn li vi nhau. Sau hm Sum ngoi s tnh tng cho tt c cc dng.
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4.4.
Thao Tc Trn C S D Liu
4.4.1. Khi nim v c s d liu Khi qun l thng tin v mt i tng, ta phi qun l cc thuc tnh lin quan n i tng . V d, qun l nhn vin th cn qun l thng tin ca nhn vin nh h tn, m nhn vin, phi, nm sinh, ni sinh, a ch, m ngch, bc, h s, lng, ph cp, chc v,... l cc thuc tnh phn nh ni dung ca mt i tng cn qun l. Cc thuc tnh thng c biu din di dng cc kiu d liu khc nhau (l chui, s, ngy thng, ) v c hp nht thnh mt n v thng tin duy nht gi l mu tin (record). Cc mu tin cng dng (cng cu trc) hp li thnh mt c s d liu. Trong Excel, c s d liu c dng nh mt danh sch, v d nh danh sch nhn vin, danh sch hng ha,... Mi danh sch c th gm c mt hay nhiu ct, mi ct c gi l mt trng (field) ca c s d liu, tn ca ct s c gi l tn trng. Hng u tin trong danh sch (c s d liu) cha cc tn trng c gi l hng tiu (Header row), cc hng tip theo mi hng l mt mu tin (record) cho bit thng tin v i tng m ta qun l. 4.4.2. Cc hm c s d liu Cc hm c s d liu mang tnh cht thng k nhng mu tin trong CSDL c trng tha iu kin ca vng tiu chun c thit lp trc. C php chung:
=Tn hm(database, field, criteria)

database: a ch vng CSDL (Chn a ch tuyt i sao chp). field: Ct cn tnh ton, field c th l tn trng, a ch ca tn field hoc s th t ca trng (ct th nht ca vng CSDL chn tnh l 1 v tng dn sang tri). criteria: a ch vng iu kin V d : Ta c mt c s d liu nh sau:
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Hnh 4.17: V d s dng hm co s d liu
Tn hm DAVERAGE(database, field, criteria)
ngha v v d Tnh trung bnh cng cc gi tr trong ct field ca cc mu tin tha iu kin criteria. =DAVERAGE($A$1:$D$8,D1,F1:F2) Tm tr ln nht trong ct field ca cc mu tin tha iu kin criteria. =DMAX($A$1:$D$8,D1,F1:F2) Tm tr nh nht trong ct field ca cc mu tin tha iu kin criteria. =DMIN($A$1:$D$8,D1,F1:F2) m cc kiu s trong ct field ca cc mu tin tha iu kin criteria. =DCOUNT($A$1:$D$8,D1,F1:F2) m cc khc rng trong ct field ca cc mu tin tha iu kin criteria. =DCOUNTA($A$1:$D$8,D1,F1:F2)
DMAX(database, field, criteria) DMIN(database, field, criteria) DCOUNT(database, field, criteria)
DCOUNTA(database, field, criteria) 4.4.3. Cc lnh x l d liu Trch lc d liu
Lc d liu t ng (AutoFilter). Chc nng: Lnh Data (Group Sort & Filter) Filter dng lc cc mu tin tha mn nhng tiu chun no t c s d liu ban
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u. Kt qu ch hin th nhng mu tin tha iu kin cn nhng mu tin khc s tm thi b che Thc hin: + Chn vng CSDL vi tiu . + Chn Tab Data (Group Sort & Filter) Filter, Excel s t ng xut hin cc nt th cnh tn field cho php chn iu kin lc tng ng vi cc field . + Chn iu kin lc trong hp lit k ca tng field tng ng. + Chn Text Fillter thc hin chc nng lc nng cao theo yu cu ca ngi dng:
Hnh 4.18: Hp thoi Custom AutoFilter
Show rows where: Cho php ngi dng chn iu kin v nhp gi tr so snh combobox k bn. Ngi dng c th kt hp vi iu kin v, hoc pha di. Lc d liu nng cao (Advanced Filter) Chc nng: Lnh Data (Group Sort & Filter) Advanced dng trch ra cc mu tin theo cc iu kin ch nh trong vng iu kin c to trc. Thc hin: Bc 1: To vng iu kin lc. S dng mt trong hai cch sau: Cch 1: S dng tn trng to vng iu kin: Vng iu kin s c t nht hai hng, hng u cha cc tn field iu kin, cc hng khc dng m t iu kin. + Chn cc trng trong bng tnh lm vng iu kin.
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+ Sao chp tn field iu kin lm tiu ca vng iu kin. + Nhp trc tip cc iu kin vo di tn trng tng ng. Cc iu kin ghi trn cng mt hng l cc iu kin tha mn ng thi (AND), nhng iu kin ghi trn cc hng khc nhau l nhng iu kin tha mn khng ng thi (OR). V d:
i tng A
im >5
Cch 2: S dng cng thc to vng iu kin: Vng iu kin s c hai , trn cha tiu nh: iu kin, hoc b trng nhng phi khc vi tn trng, di l cng thc m t iu kin. + Chn hai trng trong bng tnh lm vng tiu chun. + Nhp tiu trn ca vng tiu chun. + Nhp cng thc vo bn di m t iu kin, dng mu tin u tin trong c s d liu t iu kin so snh, hm AND dng lp cc iu kin tha mn ng thi, hm OR dng lp cc iu kin tha mn khng ng thi. V d:
Bc 2: Vo Data (Group Sort & Filter) hin hp thoi c cc ty chn sau Action: + Filter the list, in-place: kt qu hin th trc tip trn vng CSDL. + Copy to another location: kt qu c t ti mt v tr khc. List range: Chn a ch vng CSDL. Criteria range: Chn a ch vng tiu chun.
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Advanced, xut
Copy to: Chn a ch ca u tin trong vng kt qu (phi chn mc Copy to another location). Unique records only: Nu c nhiu mu tin ging nhau th ch ly duy nht mt mu tin i din, ngc li th ly ht cc mu tin tha iu kin ca vng tiu chun (d ging nhau). Sp xp d liu Lnh Data Sort dng sp xp cc hng hoc cc ct trong vng c chn theo th t ty chn tng ng kho sp xp c ch nh, vng sp xp phi chn tt c cc c lin h vi nhau. Thc hin: + Chn vng d liu cn sp xp. + Vo Data (Group Sort & Filter) Sort, xut hin hp thoi.
Hnh 4.19: Hp thoi Sort
Sort by: Chn kha sp xp. Sort On: Gi tr sp xp (gi tr, mu nn, mu ch, biu tng). Order: Th t tng dn hoc gim dn. Add Level: Thm kha sp xp, nu d liu trong ct kha pha trn b trng. Copy Level: Copy iu kin. Delete Level: Xa iu kin. Nu mun sp xp theo hng th chn nt lnh Options ca hp thoi Sort, sau chn mc Sort left to right.
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Mun sp xp nhanh theo ct no th t tr vo bt k ca ct Click chn nt Sort A->Z chun. 4.4.4. Subtotals Chc nng: Thng k d liu theo tng nhm trong c s d liu. V d tnh tng tin lng theo tng nhm N V. Thc hin: Xt CSDL BNG LNG di y. Vn t ra l cn tnh tng tin lng theo tng nhm N V. hoc Z->A trn thanh cng c
Dng lnh Data (Group Sort & Filter) Sort sp xp d liu theo N V, mc ch cc mu tin c cng N V th nm lin k nhau. Chn bng CSDL cn tng hp vi tiu l mt hng. Vo Data (Group Outline Subtotals), xut hin hp thoi Subtotal vi cc ty chn sau:
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Hnh 4.20: Hp thoi Subtotal
+ At each change in: Chn tn trng cn tng hp. + Use function: Chn hm s dng tnh ton hay thng k. + Add subtotal to: Chn tn trng cha d liu cn thc hin tnh ton hay thng k. + Replace current subtotals: Thay th cc dng tng hp c ghi dng tng hp mi. + Page break between groups: To ngt trang gia cc nhm. + Summary below data: Thm dng tng hp sau mi nhm. Kt qu:
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Lm vic vi mn hnh kt qu sau khi tng hp. Click vo cc nt chn cc mc d liu bn mun xem. + Ch hin th tng chnh (Grand Total Only). + Hin th tng chnh v tng ph (Grand Total And Subtotal). + Hin th chi tit tt c cc mu tin cng cc tng hp (All Record).
4.4.5. Chc nng PivotTable Chc nng: Thng k d liu theo nhiu cp khc nhau vi nhiu hnh thc a dng t mt bng d liu chnh. Thc hin: t con tr trong bng d liu. Chn lnh Tab Insert (Group Tables) PivotTable PivotTable xut hin hp thoi yu cu chn vng d liu lm thng k v ni xut bng thng k.
Hnh 4.21: Hp thoi Create PivotTable

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+ Select a Table or range: Cho php chn vng d liu l Sheet hin hnh. + Use an external data source: Cho php chn vng d liu t file Excel c sn. + New Worksheet: Pht sinh bng thng k trn sheet mi. + Existing Worksheet: Pht sinh bng thng k t a ch c nhp vo. Click OK xut hin hp thoi cho php ko th cc field l iu kin thng k.
Hnh 4.22: Hp thoi PivotTable Field List

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Vng Row Labels v Column Labels s cha Field lm iu kin thng k Vng Values cha nhng Field s liu mun thng k. Drag chut ko Field vo vng tng ng kt qu s t ng cp nht to thnh bng thng k. 4.4.6. Chc nng Consolidate Dng thng k d liu t nhiu bng c s d liu ngun nhiu tp tin khc nhau. Bc 1: To bng thng k, bng thng k l mt khung gm row header hoc column header, hoc c hai. Column header: Cha tn cc field mun thng k, trong ct u tin l ct lm iu kin thng k. Row header: Cha gi tr mun thng k Bc 2: nh du chn bng thng k Bc 3: Chn lnh Tab Data (Group Data Tools) Consolidate xut hin hp thoi Consolidate
Hnh 4.23: Hp thoi Consolidate
+ Function: Chn php thng k. + Reference: a ch ca bng c s d liu mun thng k, click nt Add. Nu c nhiu bng d liu th click nt Add thm vo khung all references. + Click nt Browse chn d liu tp tin khc.
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+ Use labels in: Chn column header v row header theo mu ca bng thng k. + Create links to source data: Bng d liu thng k lin kt vi d liu ngun nu mc ny c check, khi d liu ngun thay i th d liu trong bng thng k cng thay i theo. V d: C bng d liu nh hnh, ta cn thng k tng lng v tng ph cp chc v ca cn b cng nhn vin.
Lu : Khi chn a ch ca bng d liu ta nh du t ct cha gi tr lm row header.
4.5.
To Biu Trong Excel
Khi cn trnh by d liu ca bng tnh th vic hin th cc s kin v con s di dng biu rt c ngha. Biu cho php biu din s tng quan ca d liu trong bng tnh trn phng din ha, bin i cc hng, ct thng tin thnh nhng hnh nh c ngha. Biu gip bn so snh s liu trong bng tnh mt cch trc quan, trnh vic phi c cc s liu chi cht trn bng, tin on c s pht trin ca d liu m t trong bng, lm cho bng tr nn sinh ng v thuyt phc hn.
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4.5.1. Cc loi biu C 3 loi biu thng gp l biu dng ct (Column), dng ng thng (Line) v dng bnh (Pie). T 3 dng ny Excel trin khai thnh 14 loi biu chun (Standard types) v 20 kiu biu tu chn (Customize types) c th dng biu din s liu trong bng tnh thnh nhiu cch nhn khc nhau ty theo yu cu ca ngi dng. Cc loi biu chun trong Excel v cng dng c bn ca mi loi Biu tng Loi biu Column Chc nng
So snh cc loi d liu vi nhau theo chiu dc. Bar So snh cc loi d liu vi nhau theo chiu ngang. Line Cho xem s thay i d liu trong mt giai on. Pie So snh t l ca cc thnh phn trong mt tng th. XY (Scat- M t quan h gia hai loi d liu lin ter) quan. Area Nhn mnh tm quan trng tng i ca cc gi tr qua mt giai on. Doughnut So snh cc phn vi tng th trong mt hoc nhiu phm tr d liu (Biu Pie c mt l gia). Rada Ch ra cc thay i trong d liu hoc tn s d liu tng i vi tm im. Surface To vt cc thay i trong hai bin s khi bin s th ba (nh thi gian) thay i, l mt ha 3 chiu. Buble Hin sng cc chm gi tr, tng t nh ha Scatter. Stock Kt hp ha Line v ha Column. c thit k c bit to vt gi c
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phiu. Cylinder S dng mt hnh tr trnh by cc d liu ha Bar hay ha Column.

Cc thnh phn ca biu
Hnh 4.24: Biu trong Excel
Chart Title: Tiu ca biu . Legend: Ch gii, dng m t dy s liu trong biu . Category (X) axis : Tiu trc X. Value (Y) axis: Gi tr ca cc mc.
Dng biu Mt biu trong Excel c to ra t d liu trong bng tnh hin hnh. V vy trc khi xy dng biu cn to d liu. V d:
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Cch to Qut vng d liu cn to biu , chn Tab Insert Group Charts Chn loi biu (Column, Line, Pie, Bar, Area, Scatter, Other Charts).
Hnh 4.25: Group Charts
Chn kiu biu
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Biu c pht sinh ngay trong sheet hin hnh
Hnh 4.26: Biu kt qu
Hiu chnh biu Sau khi to xong biu , ta c th hiu chnh biu nh thay i loi biu , vng d liu, hiu chnh cc tiu , bng cch: Click chut ln biu , chn Tab Chart Tools. Design Group Chart Styles cho php chn Style cho biu . Phin bn Excel 2010 cung cp h thng Style cho biu rt phong ph v p mt.
Group Chart Layout cho php chn cc cch b tr cho biu .
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Group Data: + Switch Row/Column chuyn i Legend l hng hay ct. + Select Data cho php thm, xa, sa cc field ca legend hay chuyn i qua li gia legend v category axis. Group Type: + Change Chart Type cho php chn li kiu biu . + Save As Template lu lm biu mu. Group Location: + Move Chart di chuyn biu sang v tr khc. Group Current Selection: + Combobox Chart Area: Cho php chn cc thnh phn ca biu . + Format Selection: Cho php nh dng cc thnh phn ca biu c chn. + Reset to Match Style: B mi nh dng do ngi dng thit lp. Group Labels: + Chart Title: Thm, xa, nh v tr cho tiu ca biu . + Axis Titles: Thm, xa, nh v tr cho tiu cc trc ca biu . + Legend: Thm, xa, nh v tr cho ch thch. + Data Table: Hin th gi tr c ly t bng ln biu . Group Axes: + Axes thay i nh dng v b tr ca cc trc trn biu . + Gridlines bt/tt hin th li trn biu .
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Group Background: + Chart Wall: nh dng cho vch ca biu . + Chart Floor: nh dng cho sn ca biu . + 3-d Rotation: Xoay biu c cc gc nhn khc nhau. Format Group Shape Styles: Excel 2010 cung cp h thng Style mu nn phong ph, p mt. Ngi dng ch cn m rng thy tt c Style v click chn Style ng .
+ Shape Fill: Mu nn; Shape Outline: Mu ng vin; Shape Effects: Hiu ng. Group WordArt Styles: + WordArt Styles: Chn kiu Style ch cho biu ; Text Fill: Mu ch; Text Outline: Mu ng vin ch; Text Effects: Hiu ng cho ch. Group Size: Thit lp chiu cao chiu rng cho biu .
4.6.
nh Dng Trang In Trong Excel
Tng t nh khi nh dng trc khi in ca Word, tuy nhin t Excel c im khc nh sau: Print Area: Chn vng d liu cn in. in mt phn ti liu, chng ta chn phm vi cn in, sau chn menu Set Print Area. Background: Cho php chn file hnh c sn lm hnh nn. Print Titles: Thit lp hng hoc ct cn lp li khi in: chn vng d liu in mc Print area t th Sheet, chn in cc ng li hay khng t mc Gridlines, chn tiu dng v tiu ct in lp li trn mi trang mc Print titles, to tiu u v cui trang, nh s trang t th Header/Footer, chn th t in t th Page order
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Chng 5. MICROSOFT POWERPOINT

5.1. Gii Thiu Microsoft Powerpoint
PowerPoint l phn mm to trnh din (presentation) chuyn nghip c nhiu tin ch gip trnh by, thuyt trnh cc vn tr nn sinh ng v hiu qu hn, c s dng trong cc bo co, hi ngh, ging dy....Phn ny ch cp cc tnh nng thuc ring v PowerPoint, nhng im ging vi Word v Excel hc vin xem cc chng trn. Mt file trnh din PowerPoint 2010 c to t nhiu trang, gi l slide, c ui l pptx (c th c ui l ppsx -PowerPoint Show dng cho vic trnh chiu, khng cho php son tho). 5.1.1. Giao din chnh Khi ng chng trnh Microsoft PowerPoint t nhm Microsoft Office.
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Mn hnh PowerPoint c 3 khung chnh: khung Slide l ni son tho trnh din, khung Note l ni nhp ghi ch ca slide, v khung Slide/Outline dng lit k danh sch cc Slide v son tho outline. 5.1.2. Cc ch View PowerPoint c nhiu ch View khc nhau ty mc ch s dng. Ch View c thay i t th Tab View Group Presentations Views chn ch thin th tng ng: Normal view, Slide Sorter view, Reading View, Slide Show. Normal View: Ch son tho Slide c s dng khi ngi dng son tho ni dung, note ca tng slide ca file trnh din. Slide Sorter: hin th nhiu Slide cng lc, khng cho php son tho ni dung slide m c dng thay i th t, sp xp, di (bng cch drag-drop), chp, xa cc Slide. Kiu ny cho mt ci nhn tng th v ton b slide. Reading View: Hin th tng Slide dng c ti liu. Slide Show: Hin th tng Slide ch trnh chiu, ton mn hnh vi cc hiu ng hot hnh. thot khi ch Slide Show, nhn phm ESC. 5.1.3. To file trnh din mi Trong PowerPoint, ta c th to mt trnh din mi bng cch da trn cc khun mu (template) c sn, tu theo ch . Chn Tab File New xut hin mn hnh to mi file t nhiu mu (template) chia lm 2 nhm: Home v Office.com. Nhm Office.com Template cha cc Template c Microsoft cung cp sn, my tnh phi c kt ni Internet ti v. Mt Theme thit k trc cho mt file trnh chiu v: mu ch , font ch, v hiu ng hot hnh (effects). Ngi dng c th chn mt theme c sn, sau thit lp li tng phn v mu sc, font ch, v hiu ng hot hnh. Ti liu ny ch tp trung nhm Home, da trn cc template c sn trong my, bao gm cc mu nh sau: +Blank Presentaion: To trnh din trng. Ngi dng phi thit k mu v nhp ni dung mi cho file trnh chiu. +Recent Templates: Nhng template va c s dng trc .
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Sample Templates: To trnh din bng mt s mu c sn bao gm c ni dung, theo cc ch khc nhau. Ngi dng ch vic chn mt mu trong nhm Sample ng vi ch cn to, sau chnh sa li ni dung. Themes: To trnh din t cc mu c thit k Themes, khng c ni dung. y l loi template c s dng nhiu nht. My Templates: To trnh din t Template do ngi dng nh dng trc. New from exsiting: To trnh din t file Template hoc file PowerPoint c sn no . Lu l ngi dng c th thay i li theme khc bt c lc no, bng cch chn th Design Group Themes, chn mt mu thch hp (c th m rng danh sch Themes t mi tn pha di bn phi), sau c th ty chnh v mu, font v Effect ca theme. C th p dng mt theme cho ton b slide, hay cc slide ang chn bng cch R_click trn theme , v chn Apply to All Slides hay Apply to Selected Slides.
5.1.4. To Slide mi Thm Slide mi: Chn th Home Group Slide New Slide chn Slide c layout thch hp (t danh sch cc slide master c sn ca file trnh din) hoc bm phm Ctrl+N. Slide sau khi to xong c th thay i Layout bng cch chn th Tab Home Group Slides Layout v chn mu c sn. Xo b/Copy/Paste Slide: Chn mt hay nhiu Slide t khung Slide/Outline, v thc hin thao tc nh cc i tng khc. Ngoi ra ngi dng c th to bn Copy bng cch R_Click ln Slide cn Copy chn Duplicate Slide. Sp xp li cc Slide: tt nht nn dng ch View l Slide Sorter, sau ko th cc slide v v tr mong mun. Nh vy, chng ta lu rng: to file mi da trn cc Design template, cn to silde mi da trn cc Slide outline.
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5.1.5. Son tho ni dung Slide Trong PowerPoint, vn bn c t trong cc Place holder hoc cc Textbox. Ch : cc thao tc nh dng vn bn (font, m, nghing, gch di, Bullets and Numbering) v chn cc i tng (table, biu , wordart, hnh nh, header, footer) c thc hin tng t nh khi s dng MS Word. So vi cc phin bn trc, PowerPoint 2010 b sung them chc nng Insert Equation chn v son tho cng thc ton nh MS Word. PowerPoint cho php i thay i font ch ton b ti liu vi chng nng Replace Font (c m t Tab Home Group Editing Replace Replace Font). Sau khi chn font ang s dng cn thay th ( hp chn Replace) v font mi ( hp chn With), bm nt Replace thc hin thay th. Chn m thanh/Video vo slide: thm m thanh/video gip demo tt hn tng trnh by. m thanh/Video hin th trong slide di dng biu tng v c pht khi click vo biu tng . chn m/video thnh vo slide, chn Tab Insert Group Media Audio/Video, chn Audio from file (chn t file c sn), hoc Clip Art Audio ( chn t th vin ca Office). Mt ci tin ng gi trong PowerPoint 2010 l cho php hiu chnh Video insert vo ti liu. Video c c th chnh sa mu sc (Color, Coreections), ng khung (video style), hiu chnh hnh dng (video shape, video border, video effects.) rt nhanh v tin li m khng cn dng bt k phn mm x l video cng knh no khc. Ngoi ra PowerPoint 2010 cho php chn video t cc link (nh youtube, myspace) vo file trnh chiu.
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Chn hnh ng (action) cho mt i tng Mt action cho php nhy n mt slide khc, thc thi mt chng trnh khc, m mt trang Web, khi ngi dng bng cch click chut hoc a tr chut i ngang qua i tng c chn. Sau khi chn i tng mun chn action, t th Insert Group Links Action xut hin hp thoi Action Settings. Th Mouse Click: hnh ng thi hnh khi Click chut ln i tng. Th Mouse over: Chn hnh ng khi a chut ngang qua i tng. ng vi mi hnh ng xy ra, chng ta c th chn: Hyperlink to (nhy n Slide khc), Run program (khi ng mt chng trnh ng dng khc), Play sound (pht m thanh ty chn). Section: Khi son tho mt file vi hng trm slide cc phin bn PowerPoint c l rt bt tin khi khng th gom nhm cho cc slide. PowerPoint 2010 cung cp mt tnh nng mi section gip t chc cc slide vo cc nhm gi l section. Chng ta c th Insert them section mi (t th Home->Slides->nt Section), i tn section (dng context menu), xa section v cc slide thuc section, ko th cc slide qua li gia cc section gip t chc ti liu mt cch khoa hc hn.
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5.2.
Slide Master
Slide Master l ni qui nh tt c cc mu nh dng ca cc Slide trong bn trnh by. Khi thay i cc thuc tnh ca Slide Master th nhng thay i s c hiu lc vi tt c cc Slide trong bn trnh din. Vic s dng tt Slide Master gip to ra mt bn trnh din c tnh nht qun cao v mt nh dng, gim kch thc file trnh chiu. Ly v d, nu logo trng H Cng Nghip Tp.HCM slide master, th hang trm slide ca file s cha logo ny, thay v phi chp hng trm hnh vo cc slide. m ch hiu chnh slide Master, chn th View Group Master Views Slide Master. Trong mn hnh son tho Slide Master, c nhiu mu slide khc nhau trong file trnh din. Ngi dng chn tng mu slide, hiu chnh khun dng thay i mu cho tt c slide ca file da trn mu ny. Ngi dng c th thm Slide Master. nh dng cc thuc tnh ca Slide Master ging nh nh dng mt Slide thng thng.
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V c bn, khi thay i mt Slide Master, c cc thnh phn nh sau: Title Area for Autolayouts: vng p dng cho tiu slide; Object Area for Autolayouts: vng p dng cho danh sch nh du u mc, vng ny c th thit lp cho tng level text khc nhau; Date Area, Footer Area, Number Area: thay i cc thuc tnh cho ngy gi, tiu u v cui trang, s trang Sau khi hiu chnh xong phi tt ch son tho Slide Master, quay v ch son slide bng cch bm nt Close Master View.
5.3.
Animation
phn trnh din tr nn sinh ng, PowerPoint cung cp nhiu hiu ng hot hnh (animation) minh ha tng mt cch trc quan d hiu, hoc gy s ch . To animation Mt i tng trong slide (textbox, table, picture) c th gn nhiu animation khc nhau, bng cch chn i tng , chn th An- 135 -
imations Group Animation, v chn animation thch hp (c th m rng chn), hoc c th add animation t group Advanced Animation.
Animation c chia lm 4 nhm: Entrance (Cch th hin hiu ng khi i tng bt u xut hin); Emphasis (Cch th hin hiu ng khi i tng c nh, thng dng nhn mnh ni dung cn biu din); Exit: (Hiu ng th hin khi kt thc Slide); Motion Paths: Cch th hin hiu ng di chuyn. Danh sch cc animation hin th trong ca s Animation Pane (c th bt hay tt t group Advanced Animation), v cc ty chnh hin th Group Timing. ng vi mi animation, chng ta c th ty chnh iu kin animation kch hot mc Start: Start On Click (bt u animation khi click chut), Start With Previous: bt u song song vi animation trc n trong Animation Pane, Start After Previous( bt u sau khi animation ng trc n hon tt). Ngoi ra, mt animation cn c th ty chnh Duration (thi gian thc hin hiu ng) v Delay (thi gian ch cho hiu ng).
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T ca s Animation Pane cho php xa animation, hiu chnh li animation, thay i th t animation bng cch ko-th. V d to animation Trong v d ny chng ta s to mt slide cha 3 tri banh di chuyn xung quanh mn hnh. S dng chc nng Inser-Shape to 3 tri banh c mu xanh (b1), (b2), vng (b3). Chn b1, chn animation, chn Custom Path, click chut v 4 im di ca banh, double click kt thc. Tng t, thm animation cho b2 v b3. Trn Animation Pane s xut hin 3 hng. Chn hng u tin, v mc nh l Start On Click, chn repeat l Until End of Slide ( mc Effect Options- Timing), hng th 2 v chn Start After Previous, hng th 3 v chn l Start With Previous. Repeat tt c u l repeat l Until End of Slide. Bm F5 xem th kt qu ca bn.
5.4.
Slide Transition
Silde Transition l chc nng to hiu ng chuyn tip gia cc Slide trong ch Slide Show. PowerPoint 2010 cung cp thm rt nhiu hiu ng transition mi, t bit l nhm Exciting vi cc hiu ng 3D rt p m cc phin bn trc khng c. chn Slide Transition, t th Transitions Group Transition to This Slide v chn hiu ng.
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Vi mi hiu ng Slide transition, t mc Effect Options cho php chn hng xut hin ca slide mi. Cng nh Animation, Slide Transition cho php hiu chnh cc thit lp nhm Timing, v cho php p dng transition vo mt nhm hay ton b slide.
5.5.
Trnh Chiu
Sau khi son tho cc Slide, bc cui cng l thc hin trnh chiu slide trc thnh gi.. Thit lp trc khi trnh chiu Chn th Slide Show Group Set Up. Mc Set Up Slide Show: m ca s thit lp trnh chiu vi cc ty chn. Show type: Cch thc hin trnh din, bao gm: Presented by a speaker (full screen): Cho php thc hin trnh din ch ton mn hnh; Browsed by an individual (Windows): Cho php trnh din vi thanh cun khi slide thit k phn gii cao khin vic hin th khng y trang, Browsed at a kiosk (full screen): Cho php thc hin trnh din ch ton mn hnh, din ra mt cch t ng, v c lp i lp li. Show options: vi cc chn la: Loop continuously until Esc: Cho php trnh din lp i lp li lin tc n khi nhn phm Esc, ty chn ny l mc nh khi s dng ch Browsed at a kiosk; Show without animation: tt cc hiu ng. Show Slides: Chn cc Slide cn trnh din: All (trnh din tt c cc Slide); From To (trnh din mt nhm Slide lin tc);
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Advanced Slides: Cc ty chn nng cao, bao gm: Manually (ch chuyn trang th cng - nhn phm hoc Click chut qua Slide khc); Using timings, if present: Ch chuyn trang t ng (sau mt khong thi gian no ). Thc hin trnh chiu Chn th Slide Show Group Start Slide Show, vi cc ty chn nh sau: From Beginning (trnh chiu t slide u); From Current Slide (Bt u trnh din t slide hin hnh); Broadcast Slide Show (Thc hin trnh chiu qua Internet, y l chc nng mi ca PowerPoint 2010); Custom Slide Show (to trnh chiu t vic chn la mt s slide no thay v chiu tun t ton b).
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PowerPoint 2010 cho php chp thnh phim (hoc ti file pdf) khi trnh chiu Slide s dng menu Record Slide Show. Hoc t th File->Save &Send -> Create Video (hoc chn menu Create pdf/xps document to ti liu pdf). PowerPoint 2010 to file wmv cha ton b qu trnh trnh chiu t ng ngi dung c th ghi thnh a phim.
5.6.
y:
Mt S Lu
vic trnh chiu thnh cng, nn lu mt s c im sau
Khng nn c slide, v ngi nghe c th t c ly. Ngi nghe quan tm v thch th vi s hiu bit ca ngi din thuyt v ch hin ti. Khng trn sau cc slide, m nn nhn thng vo ngi nghe. Ngi nghe mun nhn thy ngi din thuyt nh hai ngi ang ni chuyn vi nhau vy. Cc phim minh ha l cc slide sng ng nht. S dng mt hay hai font cho bi trnh chiu, khng dng qu nhiu font. S dng font ch r rng v d c (font Roman v Gothic c ngh). Font size khng nn nh hn 22 pt. Cc tiu c font c 28 pt. Khng nn nhp qu nhiu text cho mt slide. S dng ch hoa cho cc keyword mun nhn mnh. Ch mu nn ca file trnh din. Trn my tnh, mu nn en sm vi font ch sng thng kh p, tuy nhin khi trnh chiu trong mi trng sng v khong cch xa th rt kh nhn r.
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Chng 6. S DNG INTERNET

6.1. Gii Thiu Internet
Internet l h thng thng tin ton cu c th c truy nhp cng cng gm cc mng my tnh c lin kt vi nhau. H thng ny truyn thng tin theo kiu chuyn mch gi d liu (packet switching) da trn b giao thc c chun ha (giao thc TCP/IP). H thng ny bao gm hng ngn mng my tnh nh hn ca cc doanh nghip, ca cc vin nghin cu v cc trng i hc, ca ngi dng c nhn, v cc chnh ph trn ton cu. Tin thn ca mng Internet ngy nay l mng ARPANET do b quc phng M lin kt vi mt s trng H ca M thc hin. Hin nay nhu cu khai thc thng tin trn mng Internet ngy cng tng. V vy trong chng ny s gii thiu nhng khi nim c bn v Internet, cc dch v trn Internet v cch s dng trnh duyt Internet Explorer khai thc thng tin trn Internet. Mng Internet c th ch dng li y nu nh khng c s ra i ca World Wide Web, c pht minh bi Tim Berners-Lee trong thi gian lm vic ti CERN (T chc nghin cu nguyn t ca Chu u t ti Thy S). ng Tim tm ra cch thc my tnh cc v tr, a im khc nhau c th hin th nhng vn bn c lin kt n cc tp tin vn bn khc. Kt qu nghin cu ca ng Tim l ngn ng nh du siu vn bn HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language). hiu nguyn l hot ng ca Internet theo cch n gin nht, ta c th hnh dung thng tin gi v nhn t cc my tnh ging nh vic gi th qua h thng bu in. Khi mun gi th, ngi ta thng n mt trm bu in gn nht b th vo thng. Ti y th ca chng ta v ca nhiu ngi khc na s c phn loi theo a ch ri tip tc c gi ln tuyn cao hn. Quy trnh c tip tc nh th cho n khi th ca chng ta ti c a ch ca ngi nhn. Tng t nh vy, khi nhn v gi thng tin trn Internet, thng tin cn phi c xc nh a ch duy nht. a ch Internet ca cc t liu c qun l bng b nh v ti nguyn ng dng URL (Uniform Resource Locator). Mi trang Web khi c a ln Internet s c t nht mt a ch URL tham chiu n n.
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6.2.
Mt S Khi Nim
a ch IP (Internet Protocol Address) Khi tham gia vo Interntet, mi my tnh gi l host, phi c mt a ch IP dng nhn dng. a ch IPv4 c chia lm 4 s thp phn c gi tr t 0-255, phn cch nhau bng du chm (v d nh: 172.16.19.5 hoc 172.16.0.3). truy xut trang ch ca H Cng Nghip Tp.HCM th g IP l 220.231.93.18 vo trnh duyt. Cch nh IP gm 4 s thp phn nh trnh by trn gi l IPv4. Hin nay do tc pht trin qu nhanh ca Internet, IPv4 (c chiu di 32 bit) cn kit. Internet ang chuyn i dn sang IPv6 (128 bit). H thng tn min DNS (Domain Name System) i vi con ngi, cch truy xut mt website (nh trang ch trng H Cng Nghip Tp.HCM ni trn) bng IP nh trn l rt kh nh. Do h thng tn min DNS gip nh x gia tn v IP gip d dng s dng hn. V d, www.hui.edu.vn d nh hn nhiu so vi IP l 220.231.93.18. Tn min DNS do cc DNS server m trch, do chng ta phi tr ph hng nm cho vic ng k tn min. Cc phn com, edu hay vn trong a ch tn min trn c gi l tn min cp 1, chia lm 2 nhm chnh: Domain mang tnh t chc: Domain com (Commercial) edu (Educational) gov (Governmental) int (International) mil (Military) net (Networking) org (Organizational) Gio dc Nh nc T chc quc t Qun i Ti nguyn trn mng Cc t chc khc T chc Thng mi
Domain mang tnh a l: Gm 2 k t tt i din cho tng quc gia, nh vn (Vit Nam), au (c), in (n ),
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IAP IAP (Internet Access Provider) l nh cung cp dch v ng truyn kt ni vi Internet, qun l cng (gateway) ni vi quc t. Cc my tnh cc quc gia khc mun kt ni vi nhau phi c c s h tng, do phi nh n IAP. Ti Vit Nam, IAP l cng ty dch v truyn s liu VDC thuc tng cng ty bu chnh vin thng, c quan thc hin trc tip l VNN. ISP ISP (Internet Service Provider) l nh cung cp dch v Internet cho cc t chc v c nhn. ISP phi thu ng truyn v cng ca mt IAP. Vit Nam c nhiu ISP thng mi: Cng ty dch v truyn s liu VDC, Cng ty FPT, Khi ng k vi mt ISP, ngi dng c cung cp mt ti khon qun l truy cp v tnh ph. Mi ti khon bao gm tn (User name) v mt khu ng nhp (Password). Ti khon ny thng c lu sn trong cc thit b (nh cc modem) c cu hnh bi ISP nn ngi dng khng s dng trc tip.
6.3.
Cc Dch V Thng Dng Trn Internet
Dch v truy xut t xa (Remote Login) Dch v truy xut t xa cho php ni kt, v s dng mt my tnh v tr khc. V d, Telnet l mt dch v cho php remote login. Ngy nay, nhiu dch v an ton hn ra i thay th cho telnet nh ssh, vpn Dch v th in t (Mail Service) c th gi hoc nhn cc th in t (Electronic Mail Email) t bt c mt ni no vi iu kin l ngi nhn v ngi gi phi c mt a ch Email v my tnh s dng c ni mng Internet. Dch v tin in t (News) Cho php trao i cc bi bo v bn tin in t (bulletin) xuyn sut Internet. Cc bi bo c t ti trung tm c s d liu trn sut khng gian Internet. Ngi dng truy cp vo c s d liu ly v cc bi bo h cn. iu ny lm gim tc nghn trn mng v loi tr
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vic lu tr nhiu bn sao khng cn thit ca mi bi bo trn tng h thng ca ngi dng. Dch v truyn tp tin (FTP: File Transfer Protocol) FTP l mt h thng chnh yu chuyn ti file gia cc my vi tnh vo Internet. File c chuyn ti c dung lng rt ln. FTP hu ht c s dng cho vic chuyn ti nhng d liu mang tnh c nhn. Thng thng, bn s dng FPT chp file trn mt my ch t xa vo my ca bn, vic x l ny gi l np xung (downloading). Tuy nhin, bn cng c th chuyn file t my ca bn vo my ch t xa, iu ny gi l np ln (uploading). Thm vo , nu cn thit, FTP s cho php bn chp file t mt my ch t xa ti mt my khc. Dch v Web (World Wide Web WWW) y l dch v c dng nhiu nht. Ngi ta vit tt l WWW hay gi ngn gn l Web. Web cha thng tin bao gm vn bn, hnh nh, m thanh v thm ch c video c kt hp vi nhau. Web cho php bn c th thm nhp vo mi ng ngch trn Internet, l nhng im cha d liu gi l Web site. Nh c Web, nn d khng phi l mt chuyn gia, bn vn c th s dng Internet. Phn mm s dng np, dch v hin th Web gi l trnh duyt Web (Web browser). Hin nay, trnh duyt thng dng nht l l Internet Explorer ca Microsoft, ngoi ra cn c Mozilla Firefox, Chrome ca Google, Opera, Safari ca Apple
6.4.
Trnh Duyt Web Internet Explorer 9.0
khi ng trnh duyt: Chn Start/ All Programs/ Internet Explorer.
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Cc thnh phn trong mn hnh Internet Explorer
Cc nt cng c cho php thc hin cc thao tc nhanh hn. Chc nng ca cc nt trn thanh cng c nh sau: Back: Tr v trang trc . Forward: Hin th trang k tip trong lch s duyt. Stop: Ngng ti trang web hin hnh t my ch. Refresh: Ti li ni dung trang Web hin hnh. Home: Hin th trang home, a ch trang ny c config theo mi my khc nhau, l website t ng np mi khi khi ng IE. Favorites: Danh sch nhng trang Web a thch. New Tab: Thm mt Tab mi. Address: Dng nhp a ch ca trang Web mun truy cp. Thanh a ch cng hin ln a ch ca trang Web hin hnh. Bn c th Click vo hp th xung chn a ch ca nhng trang Web thng truy cp. Current Tab: Tab hin ang hin th. Tools: Cha cc nhm cng c ca Internet Explorer.
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Trng thi np : Dng hin th tin trnh np trang Web khi trang Web ang c np. Sau khi np xong biu tng np s c chuyn thnh biu tng Internet Explorer. Lu ni dung trang Web Ngi dng c th lu ni dung ca cc trang Web trn my cc b, sau ta c th xem ni dung ca cc trang ny m khng cn phi c kt ni Internet. Sau khi truy cp n trang Web cn lu ni dung, chn Tools File Save As, v chn v tr cng vi tn file cn lu. Lu cc a ch thng dng Chc nng ny gip ngi dng lu a ch ca cc trang Web thng s dng, gip ngi dng khng cn phi nh ch ca n. Sauk hi truy cp n trang Web cn lu a ch, Chn Favorites/ Add to Favorites, nhp tn cho a ch mun lu->OK.
6.5.
Tm kim thng tin trn Internet
Tm kim thng tin l hot ng ph bin i vi ngi s dng Internet. So vi thng tin c lu tr trn nhng phng tin khc, thng tin c lu tr trn Internet phong ph v tm kim d dng hn. Ngoi ra, kt qu tm kim t c nhiu hn so vi vic tm kim thng tin c lu tr trn cc phng tin khc. y l im mnh nhng i khi cng l im yu ca Internet v khi tm c qu nhiu thng tin lin quan n thng tin cn tm, ta phi tn thi gian lc li nhng thng tin ph hp. Hin ti c nhiu hng cung cp dch v tm kim khc nhau: google (www.google.com), microsoft (www.bing.com), yahoo (www.yahoo.com) Mi hang c nhng im mnh v im yu ring, tuy nhin dn u hin nay l www.google.com.
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Hnh 6.2: Trang Web tm him ca Google
Nhp thng tin mun tm vo hp vn bn ri nhn Enter hoc Click vo nt lnh Google Search. Thng tin tm kim thng l cc t kha (Keyword) hoc mt cm t c trng nht. Vic chn t kha chnh xc cho gip cho vic tm kim d dng, nhanh chng.
Hnh 6.3: Kt qu tm c t trang Web ca Google
Ch : t du trc t kha yu cu tm kim chnh xc cm t cn tm (lin kt AND). Khng nn nhp vo nhng t kha c ni dung tng qut v kt qu tm kim s rt nhiu, thng tin c tr v s khng gn vi ni dung mun tm. Tm kim nng cao vi Google
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Trong trng hp mun c kt qu tm kim gn vi thng tin ang tm, ta s dng chc nng tm kim nng cao ca Google (Advanced Search). Find results: t iu kin cho kt qu tm kim: With all of the Words: Kt qu tm kim phi bao gm tt c cc t cn tm With the exact phase: Kt qu tm kim phi c chnh xc cm t cn tm. With at least one of the Word: Kt qu tm kim phi c t nht mt trong nhng t cn tm Without the Word: Kt qu tm kim khng cha nhng t ny Hin th kt qu tr v: chn s kt qu tr v t hp k th, mc nhin s tr v 10 kt qu nu tm c t 10 trang Web tr ln. Ngoi ra ta c th t thm iu kin vo nhng ty chn khc nh ngn ng, thi gian, nh dng,
6.6.
Dch V Email
Gii thiu Th in t (Email) l phng tin lin lc v cng tin li trong thi i cng ngh thng tin ngy nay. S dng Email ta c th trao i thng tin vi bn b, ng nghip trn ton cu m khng quan tm n vic ngi nhn u. a ch Email (Email Address), gi tt l email, l mt nh danh duy nht trn Internet cho php ngi s dng giao dch vi nhau. Cu trc mt a ch Email: <Tn ti khon>@<Tn min>. Tn min: Tn ca my ch cung cp dch v Email (Email Server), tn ti khon l tn c ng k, phn bit vi cc a ch Email khc c cng tn min. V d: ttcntt@yahoo.com; email@hui.edu.vn; list@hotmail.com; Mun gi email th ngi dng phi c ni kt Internet (hoc ni kt vo Mail Server. Khi ngi A gi Email cho ngi B, ni dung th s c lu tr ti Email Server. Ch duy nht ngi B c th ng nhp vo ti khon ca mnh v c tt c Email gi cho mnh. C nhiu cch lm vic vi email: s dng Webbrowser s dng Webmail (nu nh cung cp email c dch v ny), hoc dng cng c khc.
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Webmail l h thng cung cp cc dch v Email thng qua mt Website. Ngi dng s dng Webbrowser truy cp vo a ch Website ca nh cung cp dch v, s dng ti khon Email c cung cp s dng cc dch v Email. Mt s webmail thng dng: www.gmail.com, www.hotmail.com, www.mail.yahoo.com... Cch s dng cc dch v email ca cc hang ln gn nh tng t, do trong gio trnh ny ch tp trung m t v dch v email ca Google. Google t ng hin th ngn ng theo vng truy xut email, tc l ting Vit, v cung cp nhiu dch v khc da trn ti khon email m th gii rt a chung. ng k ti khon email ng k mt ti khon Email mi: t Webmail (chng hn, t trang www.gmail.com), chn mc To ti khon. Sau in cc thng tin vo biu mu, v bm nt to ti khon. Lu l gmail yu cu bn phi c s in thoi di ng gi m xc nhn nhm bo v ngi dng.
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S dung email vi Webmail Sau khi c ti khon Email, trc khi s dng Email phi ng nhp t trang www.gmail.com. Cc email nhn c s hin th khi chn mc Th.
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son Email mi, chn nt Son th. Nhp ni dung Email vi cc mc nh sau: Ti (Email mt hay nhiu ngi nhn -cch nhau bng du ;); CC (Email ngi ng nhn); BCC (Email ngi ng nhn nhng khng hin th cho bit cng nhn Email vi hai nhm Email trn); Ch (Subject tiu Email); Body (ni dung Email); gi file nh km Email, chn nt nh km. Sau chn file cn gi i. Ch : sau khi s dng Email xong, chng ta phi bm nt Signout trnh vic mt ti khon Email, bo v thng tin ring t. S dng email vi Outlook Express
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Outlook Express l phn mm qun l Email ca hng Microsoft Windows (tng t vi Thunderbird ca Mozilla). Phn mm ny cung cp hu ht cc tnh nng cn thit ngi dng c th qun l Email mt cch hiu qu. Outlook Express s gip giao tip vi Email Server chuyn-nhn Email vi mt s tnh nng qun l rt tin dng. Khi ng Outlook Express t mc All Programs Outlook Express. s dng email vi Oulook, u tin chng ta phi khai bo ti khon email cho Outlook. T menu Info, chn Add Account. Sau nhp thng tin email Thanh c: New E-Mail: Son Email mi. Reply: tr li Email ang m cho ngi gi. Forward: Gi Email nhn c cho nhng ngi khc. cng
6.7.
Dch v Office Online
Phn mm online l cc phn mm thc thi ti cc my ch, v tr v kt qu cho ngi dng cui. Office Online l mt trong cc phn mm online c cung cp min ph, cho php nhiu ngi dng ng thi son tho mt vn bng, bng tnh, file trnh din online, ha.. v
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chia x cho nhng ngi khc vi kh nng phn quyn gip bo v thng tin c ta vn. Office Online ngy cng tin dng v mnh m khi cng ngh in ton m my c cc hng ln u t pht trin trong cc nm gn y. C nhiu hng cung cp Office Online nh Mirosoft vi dch v Officelive, Google vi Google Docs & Spreadsheets, ThinkFree Online v Zoho Office Suite Trong ti liu ny ch cp n dch v ca Google, l Google Docs (son tho vn bn -) & Spreadsheets (bng tnh) a ch https://docs.google.com. Bn phi c ti khon gmail ng nhp v s dng dch v min ph ny.
Sau khi ng nhp, t mn hnh chnh ca googledoc, chn Create new, v chn tip Document (nu son vn bn), Presentation (nu son tho trnh din), Spreadsheet (nu son tho bng tnh)
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Mn hnh son tho ca googledoc vi chc nng ging nh vi bn Office thng thng, do cch s dng hu nh tng t, hc vin t tm hiu. Sau khi son tho xong, ngi dng c th download file v my mnh bng cch s dng menu File Download as. Hoc c th chia x ti liu ny cho nhiu ngi xc xem hay ng son tho bng cch bm nt Share v phn quyn.
6.8.
Dch v chia s nh trc tuyn
Vi s pht trin ca my chp nh s, in thoi chp nh, ngy nay hu nh ngi no cng c th chp c nh mi lc mi ni. Cc nh s ny c th c upload ln internet, qun l theo ngy thng, ni chp, v chia x cho nhiu ngi hoc ch n gin l ni lu nh an ton cho chnh mnh. Nhiu dch v cung cp chc nng lu nh min ph, nhng thng dng nht l dch v Web Picasa ca google h tr ting Vit v h thng bn quc t. D nhin l bn phi c ti khon ca google. Truy xut vo trang https://picasaweb.google.com, chn nt Ti ln, nhp thng tin v anbom hnh, sau tin hnh upload hnh. Vi giao din ting Vit thn thin, hc vin t tm hiu v s dng chc nng qun l xem nh.
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6.9.
Dch v Online Calendar
Ngy nay, tc cng nghip yu cu chng ta phi sp xp v b tr lch biu, nghi nh cc ngy l, s kin quan trng, nhc nh cc cng vic cn lm. Thng thng ngi ta hay s dng PDA (my tr gip c nhn nh Palm) hay cc dng smart phone nh Iphone, Windows phone, Adroid phone..). Tuy nhin, dch v lch trc tuyn l khng th thiu v n ng b lch vi PAD, Smartphone, gip ngi dng son tho, xem lch mi lc mi ni. Nu bn ang s dng smartphone th khng th b qua dch v ny, v ng qun ng b c danh b in
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thoi khng bao gi b mt danh b ngay c khi b mt in thoi. Ti liu ny ch cp n dch v Calendar ca Google. ng nhp vo ti khon gmail t trang https://www.google.com/calendar Bn c th xem lch theo ngy, tun, thng. them s kin cho lch, click nt To s kin, sau nhp thng tin cho s kin: tiu , a im, thi gian, m t, li nhc Vi giao din ting Vit thn thin, hc vin t tm hiu v s dng chc nng qun l lch online.
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Chng 7. PH LC
7.1. Bo V D Liu
Vic bo v d liu l vn m tt c cc ngi s dng my tnh phi quan tm, bao gm vic mt mt d liu hay b l d liu. Cc tc nhn c th gy hi n d liu nh sau: phn cng my tnh hng, t bit l a hng do tui th ca a cng ch vi nm ty theo mt s dng, ha hon, thin tai, virus, s ph hoi ca cc tin tc, s v ca ngi dng Ty thuc vo tm quan trng ca d liu m ta s p dng nhng cch bo v khc nhau. i vi nhng d liu thng thng th cch bo v hu hiu nht l thng xuyn to ra cc bn sao (backup) ca d liu lu trn a USB, CD-ROM, lu ln internet, lu vo email. Lu l cc bn sao ny phi c lu bn ngoi my tnh. Vic backup thng xuyn gip khng mt d liu, tuy nhin chng ta cn phi quan tm vic l thng tin, nh ti khon ngn hng, ti khon ng nhp my tnh hay phn mm, ti khon email. K gian s dng nhiu cch nh cp thng tin, v mt trong cc cch hu hiu nht chng li l s dng phn mm dit Virus. Virus tin hc (hay cn gi virus my tnh) l cc chng trnh c bit do con ngi to ra, chy n, t ly lan bng cch nhn bn. Khi my tnh b nhim Virus th c th c nhng biu hin bt thng nh khi ng chm, thc thi chm, khng in c vn bn ra my in... nhng hin nay cc loi virus khng gy biu hin khc thng. Virus c th lm hng h iu hnh, hng cc phn mm, ph hy d liu hay nh cp thng tin, password ca bn chng virus, chng ta cn s dng cc chng trnh dit virus mnh m nht, khng nn ci ng thi nhiu chng trnh dit virus ng thi. thi im hin ti, mt s phn mm dit Virus mnh c s dng trn khp th gii, nhm c ph nh: Norton AntiVirus, Kaspersky, BitDefender, ESET NOD32, Trend Micro Antivirus, Avira Antivir, McAfree, Avast, . Nhm min ph nh Panda Cloud Antivirus, AVG Antivirus, FortiClient, Avira Antivir Free Edition, BitDe- 157 -
fender antivirus free edition, Avast antivirus free edition cng cung cp rt tt kh nng tm v dit tuy thiu nhiu tnh nng hn so vi bn c ph. t bit phn mm Microsoft Security Essentials min ph ca Micorosft c nh gi rt cao, hn hn mt s phn mm dit Virus c ph khc v tc cao, my tnh chy nh nhng, v dit nhiu chng loi Virus, kh nng cp nht Virus mi thng minh v tin li. Tuy c phn mm AntiVirus tr gip, nhng kin thc ca s dng l rt quan trng khi bo v d liu. Chng ta khng nn thc thi cc chng trnh khng r ngun gc, khng m cc ti liu khng r ngun gc, lun qut a USB hay CDROM trc khi s dng, thng xuyn cp nht chng trnh antivirus, khng m cc email l, khng chat vi ngi l hay click vo ng link Internet m ngi khc gi, khng truy xut cc website c ni dung khng lnh mnh hay website c cnh bo nguyen him v cc website ny thng n cha m c gy hi cho my tnh.
7.2.
Hng Dn nh My
Cch b tr ngn tay trn bn phm: Trn bn phm hai phm F v J c hai ci g nh cao l ni ngi nhp liu nh v t cc ngn tay cho chnh xc. Hai ngn tr ca hai bn tay s c t ti hai phm ny v cc ngn tay cn li s c phn b u cc phm cn li trn cng mt hng. Cch nh cc phm ch: Nhm phm 1
Phm a s Space d
Ngn tay Ngn t tay tri Ngn p t tay tri Ngn ci tay tri hoc phi Ngn gia tay tri
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Nhm phm 2
Phm f j k ;
Nhm phm 3
Ngn tay Ngn tr tay tri Ngn tr tay phi Ngn gia tay phi Ngn t tay phi
Phm l g h backspace q
Nhm phm 4
Ngn tay Ngn p cht tay phi Ngn tr tay tri Ngn tr tay phi Ngn t tay phi Ngn t tay tri
Phm z w x u
Nhm phm 5
Ngn tay Ngn t tay tri Ngn p t tay tri Ngn p t tay tri Ngn tr tay phi
Phm m i , b
Nhm phm 6
Ngn tay Ngn tr tay phi Ngn gia tay phi Ngn gia tay phi Ngn tr tay tri
Phm n
Ngn tay Ngn tr tay phi

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o p .
Nhm phm 7
Ngn p cht tay phi Ngn t tay phi Ngn p cht tay phi
Phm t e r y
Nhm phm 8
Ngn tay Ngn tr tay tri Ngn gia tay tri Ngn tr tay tri Ngn tr tay phi
Phm c v / []
Ngn tay Ngn gia tay tri Ngn tr tay tri Ngn t tay phi Ngn t tay phi
Cch nh cc k t in hoa nh nh bnh thng nhng kt hp vi phm Shift. Phm Shift dng ngn t ca tay cn li nh (thng l nh v gi).
nh my l mt k nng do tp luyn thng xuyn m c. Do nh my thnh cng cc bn phi tp luyn thng xuyn v phi lun lun m bo nh ng ngn tay. Sau khi tp luyn thnh cng cc bn c th nhp liu m khng nhn bn phm, tc c th t trn 60 ch/pht.
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MC LC
Chng 1. 1.1. 1.2. Chng 2. 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. 2.6. Chng 3. 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5. 3.6. 3.7. 3.8. Chng 4. 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5. 4.6. Chng 5. TNG QUAN V H THNG MY TNH .................................. 1 Thng Tin V X L Thng Tin........................................................ 1 C Bn V Cu Trc My Tnh ....................................................... 3 MICROSOFT WINDOWS ........................................................... 7 Tp Tin, Th Mc, a V ng Dn ........................................ 7 Khi ng MS Windows .................................................................. 9 Qun L V Cu Hnh Ca Windows ............................................ 13 Windows Explorer .......................................................................... 19 Mt S Tin ch .............................................................................. 23 S Dng Ting Vit Trong Windows ............................................. 28 MICROSOFT WORD ................................................................ 30 Gii Thiu Microsoft Word ............................................................. 30 nh Dng Vn Bn ....................................................................... 34 Chn Cc i Tng Vo Vn Bn............................................... 50 Bng Chia Ct V Trnh By Trang ............................................ 67 Style ............................................................................................... 76 Template ........................................................................................ 80 Cc Chc Nng Khc .................................................................... 82 In n Trong Word........................................................................... 85 MICROSOFT EXCEL ................................................................ 87 Gii Thiu Microsoft Excel ............................................................. 87 Cc Thao Tc C Bn ................................................................... 93 Mt S Hm Trong Excel ............................................................. 101 Thao Tc Trn C S D Liu .................................................. 112 To Biu Trong Excel ............................................................. 122 nh Dng Trang In Trong Excel ................................................. 128 MICROSOFT POWERPOINT ................................................. 129 - 161 -
Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. 5.5. 5.6. Chng 6. 6.1. 6.2. 6.3. 6.4. 6.5. 6.6. 6.7. 6.8. 6.9. Chng 7. 7.1. 7.2.
Gii Thiu Microsoft Powerpoint .................................................. 129 Slide Master ................................................................................. 134 Animation ..................................................................................... 135 Slide Transition ............................................................................ 137 Trnh Chiu .................................................................................. 138 Mt S Lu ............................................................................... 140 S DNG INTERNET ............................................................ 141 Gii Thiu Internet ....................................................................... 141 Mt S Khi Nim ........................................................................ 142 Cc Dch V Thng Dng Trn Internet ...................................... 143 Trnh Duyt Web Internet Explorer 9.0 ........................................ 144 Tm kim thng tin trn Internet ................................................... 146 Dch V Email .............................................................................. 148 Dch v Office Online ................................................................... 152 Dch v chia s nh trc tuyn .................................................... 154 Dch v Online Calendar .............................................................. 155 PH LC ................................................................................ 157 Bo V D Liu............................................................................ 157 Hng Dn nh My ................................................................. 158
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I HC CNG NGHIP TP.

KHOA KHOA HC & K THUT MY TNH --------------

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Chng 1. TNG QUAN V H THNG MY TNH

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Tn gi Byte KiloByte MegaByte GigaByte TetraByte

Gi tr =8bit =210B=1024Byte = 1024 KB=220B = 1024 MB=230B =1024GB=240B

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Chng 2. MICROSOFT WINDOWS

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Qun L V Cu Hnh Ca Windows

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Number of Copy Paper per Sheet

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng

Khoa Khoa hc v K thut My tnh

Gio trnh Tin hc Vn phng