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Trường Đại Học Sư Phạm Kỹ Thuật Tp. Hồ Chí Minh
Trường Đại Học Sư Phạm Kỹ Thuật Tp. Hồ Chí Minh
Trường Đại Học Sư Phạm Kỹ Thuật Tp. Hồ Chí Minh
TP. H CH MINH
Contents
THNG 6 NM 2010
MC LC
Contents........................................................................................................................................1
I. C S CHUNG CHO VIC DY HC TCH HP............................................................3
1. CC QUAN IM V GIO DC .....................................................................................3
1.1. GIO DC NH HNG NI DUNG DY HC........................................................3
1.2. GIO DC NH HNG KT QU U RA..............................................................4
1.3. GIO DC NH HNG PHT TRIN NNG LC...................................................6
2. O TO THEO NNG LC (CBT) TRONG TRONG VIC PHT TRIN NGUN
NHN LC.........................................................................................................................13
II. DY HC TCH HP.........................................................................................................15
1. NI DUNG CHNG TRNH O TO C THIT K THEO MDUN NH
HNG NNG LC..........................................................................................................16
2. PHNG PHP DY THEO QUAN IM NH HNG GII QUYT VN V
NH HNG HOT NG ...........................................................................................18
2.1. DY HC NH HNG GII QUYT VN .......................................................18
2.2. PHNG PHP DY HC NH HNG HOT NG..........................................21
3. GIO N DY HC TCH HP.........................................................................................26
Page 2
Page 3
Page 5
tnh hung...;
Cc nng lc chung cng vi cc nng lc chuyn mn to thnh
Page 8
lc c hnh thnh v pht trin rng khp ti M vo nhng nm 1970 trong phong
tro o to v gio dc cc nh gio dc v o to ngh da trn vic thc hin nhim
v, cc tip cn v nng lc pht trin mt cch mnh m trn mt nc thang mi
trong nhng nm 1990 vi hng lot cc t chc c tm c quc gia M, Anh, c,
New Zealand, x Wales, v.v...
Xy dng v o to theo cc tiu chun nng lc c thc y v khuyn
khch bi nhng p lc chnh tr ca cc nc, nh l cch thc chun b lc lng
lao ng cho nn kinh t cnh tranh ton cu. S d c s pht trin mnh m ny l do
rt nhiu hc gi v cc nh thc hnh pht trin ngun nhn lc xem tip cn ny l
cch thc c nh hng mnh m nht, cn bng gio dc, o to v nhng i hi
ti ni lm vic, v l cch thc chun b lc lng lao ng cho mt nn kinh t
cnh tranh ton cu, v mt cu tr li mnh m i vi cc vn m cc t chc v
c nhn ang phi i mt trong th k th 21.
C IM CA O TO DA TRN NNG LC
Khi tng kt cc l thuyt v cc tip cn o to da trn nng lc trong gio
dc, o to v pht trin, Paprock (1996) ch ra nm c tnh c bn ca tip cn
ny:
1. Tip cn nng lc da trn trit l ngi hc l trung tm,
2. Tip cn nng lc p ng cc i hi ca hot ng ngh nghip,
3. Tip cn nng lc l nh hng cuc sng tht, hot ng ngh nghip tht,
4. Tip cn nng lc l rt linh hot v nng ng, v
5. Nng lc c hnh thnh ngi hc mt cch r rng. Cc nng lc l ni
dung ca tiu chun ngh.
Nhng c tnh c bn ny dn ti nhng u im ca o to theo tip cn da
trn nng lc l:
Page
14
II. DY HC TCH HP
Thc cht ca dy hc tch hp trong dy hc l va dy ni dung l thuyt v
thc hnh trong cng mt bi dy. Vi cch hiu n gin nh vy l cha m ng
sau n l c mt quan im gio dc theo m hnh nng lc. Tch hp cp n cc
yu t sau:
1. Ni dung chng trnh o to c thit k theo modun nh hng nng
lc.
2. Phng php dy hc theo quan im dy hc nh hng gii quyt vn
v nh hng hot ng
Page
15
GIAI ON
CHUN B
Phn tch tnh
hung
1
Phn tch
2
ngh
Thit k chng
trnh
5
Xc nh
chun ngh
4 /cp
trnh
3
Phn tch cng
vic
Thc
hin
7
nh gi iu
chnh
Hnh 2. Qui trnh pht trin chng trnh o to ngh theo nh hng nng lc
CC
VCng
O
M
O
TO
Cc m un
oLNH
to tng
viTO
cc lnh
vc,UN
nhim
v ngh
M un o to tng hp gm nhiu cng vic ngh, m trong l cc tnh
hung hc tp hay cc n nguyn hc tp hng n nng lc thc hin
Bader, R./Schfer, B.: Lernfelder gestalten. Vom komplexen Handlungsfeld zur didaktisch
strukturierten Lernsituation. In: Die berufsbildende Schule 50 , 1998, 7-8, S. 234
Page
17
Gm c bn c trng sau:
(a) C TRNG C BN CA DY HC GII QUYT VN L XUT T
TNH HUNG C VN
Tnh hung c vn (THCV) lun lun cha ng ni dung cn xc nh, mt nhim
v cn gii quyt, mt vng mc cn tho g... v do vy, kt qu ca vic nghin cu v
gii quyt THCV s l tri thc mi, nhn thc mi hoc phng thc hnh ng mi i
vi ch th.
Tnh hung c vn c c trng bi mt trng thi tm l xut hin ch th trong
khi gii quyt mt bi ton, m vic gii quyt vn li cn n tri thc mi, cch thc
hnh ng mi cha h bit trc . C 3 yu t cu thnh THCV: Nhu cu nhn thc
hoc hnh ng ca ngi hc; S tm kim nhng tri thc v phng thc hnh ng
cha bit; Kh nng tr tu ca ch th, th hin kinh nghim v nng lc.
Kudriasev chia 4 giai on: S xut hin ca chnh vn v nhng kch thch u
tin thc y ch th GQV; Ch th nhn thc su sc v chp nhn vn cn gii quyt;
Page
18
Qu trnh tm kim li gii cho vn c chp nhn gii quyt, l gii, chng minh,
kim tra; Tm c kt qu cui cng v nh gi ton din cc kt qu tm c
Sau y l mt s v d v cc bc thc hin dy hc gii quyt vn :
C nhiu tc gi cp n vn ny, c tc gi trnh by tin trnh theo 3, 4 hoc 5
bc v c tc gi chia dy hc gii quyt vn thnh 4 giai on.
Thc hin dy hc gii quyt vn theo 3 bc:
Bc 1: Tri gic vn
-
To tnh hung gi vn
Bc 2: Gii quyt vn
-
Bc 2 : Nghin cu vn
-
Bc 3: Gii quyt vn
Page
19
Bc 4: Vn dng:
-
a ra cc nhim
v v tnh hung
a ra mc ch
ca hot ng
Cc bc
a ra vn
Cc yu t P.
php
Hnh thc t chc DH
Cc phng php D
Cc phng php H
Phng tin dy DH
Nguyn tc dy hc
Phng php logic
Hnh thc t chc DH
Cc phng php D
Cc phng php H
Nghin cu
V
Phng tin dy DH
Nguyn tc dy hc
Phng php logic
Vn dng kt qu
a ra cc tnh
hung tng t
ng dng
Gii quyt
V
Phng tin dy DH
Nguyn tc dy hc
Phng php logic
Hnh thc t chc DH
Cc phng php D
Cc phng php H
Vn dng
Phng tin dy DH
Nguyn tc dy hc
Phng php logic
Thc hin nhng k thut h tr tranh lun (ngi vng trn, chia nhm nh theo nhng
Bo co v trnh by (thc hin nhiu cch lm, t c nhn vit, trnh by nhm nh,
trong hc sinh c lp thit k k hoch qui trnh hot ng, thc hin hot ng
theo k hoch v kim tra nh gi kt qu hot ng.
T chc qu trnh dy hc, m trong hc sinh hc thng qua hot ng c lp t
Xem N. Leochiep, hot ng ; thc, nhn cch. nh xut bn Gio dc, H ni 1989
Page
22
tng.
Sau y l bng phn bit gia hai quan im dy hc nh hng hot ng v
nh hng khoa hc:
Dy hc nh hng hot ng
Hot ng ngh qui nh ni dung dy
Dy hc nh hng khoa hc
Ni dung dy hc hng n cc ni
hc.
dung, cu trc ca mt b mn khoa hc.
Gm mt hoc nhiu nhim v ngh, c Tri thc v phng php khoa hc ca
chia nh thnh cc n v nh (cc cng
lin h ngc.
bit)
Mc tiu dy hc ch tp trung xoay quan
hng n cc mc tiu dy hc v
mn hc.
gip thm.
sinh.
Hc thng qua s hp tc nhm: Trao i
thng tin, gii quyt nhim v hc tp v
t chu trch nhim.
T iu khin ca hc sinh: Gii quyt
theo.
Gio vin ng vai tr l trung tm, truyn
th ni dung n hc sinh.
v hc tp.
V kha cnh phng php dy hc. Gi hc theo kiu nh hng hot ng c
t chc theo qui trnh 4 giai on nh sau:
(1) a ra vn nhim v bi dy Trnh by yu cu v kt qu hc tp (sn
phm)
giai on ny, gio vin a ra nhim v bi dy hc sinh thc c sn
phm hot ng cn thc hin trong bi dy v yu cu cn t c. Sn phm hot
ng cng phc tp th th kh i vi hc sinh cng ln. Thng thng, thng bt
u vi cc ni hc vi cc nhim v n gin. Trong giai on ny gio vin khng
ch giao nhim v m cn thng nht vi hc sinh v k hoch, phn nhm v cung cp
cc thng tin v ti liu lin quan hc sinh trong qua trnh thc hin nhim v tra
tm.
(2) T lp k hoch lao ng ca hc sinh
Trong giai on ny hc sinh t thu thp thng tin qua cc ti liu, s tay cng
ngh lp qui trnh, cng ngh thc hin hot ng to ra sn phm.
(3) T thc hin theo k hoch, qui trnh hc sinh lp
Page
24
Cu trc bi dy theo nh
hng gii quyt vn
(1) t vn , gii thiu
vn
Dy hc nh hng hot ng
Phng n 1
Phng n 2
Gii thiu ni dung ch
cn gii quyt: yu cu k
thut, tiu chun, mu sn
phm
vn , a ra c kt
Page
25
vn , a ra c kt
qu l bn thit k: qui
trnh, cu trc-cu to,
s nghuyn l,
chng trnh phn
mm...
qu l bn thit k: qui
trnh, cu trc-cu to,
s nguyn l,
chng trnh phn
mm...
HS thc thin thao tc
theo to ra sn phm
vt cht
N V QUN L TRC TIP (nu c)
(4) Kt thc vn
S GIO N
TCH HP
Mn hc/ M-un : ..
Lp : Kho :...
H v tn gio vin : .
Nm hc:.......................................................
3. GIO N DY HC TCH HP
Trang ba 1
Mu s 7 ( Kh 19x26,5)
Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 62/2008/Q-BLTBXH
Page
26
Page
27
Mu s 7.
Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 62/2008/Q-BLTBXH
GIO N S:.............................
TN
BI: .......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.
MC TIU CA BI:
...........................................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................................
.......
I. N NH LP HC:
Thi gian:..............................
...........................................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................................
......
II. THC HIN BI HC.
TT
NI DUNG
Dn nhp
( Gi m, trao i phng
HOT NG DY HC
HOT NG CA
GIO VIN
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28
HOT NG CA
HC SINH
THI
GIAN
..........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
........................................
Gii thiu ch
( Gii thiu ni dung ch
cn gii quyt: yu
cu k thut, tiu chun
kin thc k nng)
.........................................
........................................
..........................................
..........................................
.........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
..........................................
Gii quyt vn
(Hng dn hc sinh rn
luyn hnh thnh pht
trin nng lc trong s
phi hp ca thy)
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29
Kt thc vn
- Cng c kin thc
.......................................
.......................................
......................................
- Cng c k nng rn
luyn
(Nhn xt kt qu rn
luyn, lu cc sai st v
cch khc phc, k hoch
hot ng tip theo)
........................................
......................................
.......................................
Hng dn t hc
......................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
.....................................................................
Ngy.....thng ........nm........
GIO VIN
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30