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SQL KHTN - Chap01
SQL KHTN - Chap01
SQL KHTN - Chap01
Gii thiu
V d
Kinh doanh Ngn hng v ti chnh Gio dc Hnh chnh Gii tr
Thng tin
Chn lc
D liu
D liu (Data)
- Mt m t hnh thc v thng tin v hot ng
Tn, a ch, s in thoi ca khch hng Bo co doanh thu ng k hc phn
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 3
- Mt CSDL biu din mt phn ca th gii thc (th gii thu nh) - CSDL c thit k, xy dng, v lu tr vi mt mc ch xc nh, phc v cho mt s ng dng v ngi dng - Tp ngu nhin ca cc d liu khng th xem l mt CSDL
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 4
Catalog nh ngha
CSDL
CSDL
H CSDL
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 6
Mt v d v CSDL
NHANVIEN HONV Tran Nguyen Nguyen Tran DEAN TENDA San pham X San pham Y San pham Z Tin hoc hoa TENLOT Hong Thanh Manh Thanh MADA 1 2 3 10 TENNV Quang Tung Hung Tam DDIEM_DA VUNG TAU NHA TRANG TP HCM HA NOI MANV 987987987 333445555 666884444 453453453 PHONG 5 5 5 4 PHANCONG MA_NVIEN 123456789 123456789 666884444 453453453
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM
PHG 4 5 5 5
SODA 1 2 3 1
Mt v d v CSDL (tt)
Qun l n ca mt cng ty
- nh ngha CSDL
Cu trc bng, bao gm cc thnh phn d liu v kiu d liu tng ng
- Xy dng CSDL
a d liu vo cc bng
- X l CSDL
Thc hin cc truy vn: Cho bit nhng nhn vin thuc phng 5 Thc hin cc php cp nht: Chuyn nhn vin Nguyn Thanh Tng sang phng s 1
Tp tin
D liu
10
11
CSDL
12
Ngi s dng CSDL Kin trc ca HQT CSDL Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL Cc khi nim Ngn ng CSDL
13
Tnh t m t
H CSDL khng ch cha bn thn CSDL m cn cha nh ngha y (m t) ca CSDL Cc nh ngha c lu tr trong catalog
- Cha cc thng tin v cu trc tp tin, kiu v dng thc lu tr ca mi thnh phn d liu v nhng rng buc d liu
D liu trong catalog gi l meta-data (data of data) Cc CTD c th truy xut n nhiu CSDL nh thng tin cu trc c lu tr trong catalog
14
Tnh c lp
V nh ngha v cu trc CSDL c lu tr trong catalog nn khi c thay i nh v cu trc ta t phi sa li chng trnh
Chng trnh c lp D liu
15
16
17
18
Kin trc ca HQT CSDL Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL Cc khi nim Ngn ng CSDL
19
Qun tr vin
C trch nhim qun l h CSDL
- Cp quyn truy cp CSDL - iu phi v gim st vic s dng CSDL
20
Thit k vin
Chu trch nhim v
- La chn cu trc ph hp lu tr d liu - Quyt nh nhng d liu no cn c lu tr
Lin h vi ngi dng nm bt c nhng yu cu v a ra mt thit k CSDL tha yu cu ny C th l 1 nhm cc DBA qun l cc CSDL sau khi vic thit k hon tt
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23
Mc ngoi
Ngi dng
Ngi dng
Lc ngoi 1
nh x ngoi/ nh x quan nim Mc quan nim nh x quan nim/ nh x trong
Lc ngoi n
Lc quan nim
Lc trong
Mc trong
24
- c lp vt l
Kh nng thay i lc trong m khng lm thay i lc quan nim cng nh lc ngoi
26
Database Administrator
DDL Commands
Query Compiler
Query plan Metadata, Statistics
Transaction Manager
DDL Compiler
Metadata
Execution Engine
Index, File & Record Request
Concurrency Control
Lock Table
Buffer Manager
Read/Write Pages
Buffers
Storage Manager
Storage
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 27
28
Chia s d liu
- Trong mi trng a ngi dng, cc HQT phi cho php truy xut d liu ng thi
29
30
- Uyn chuyn
Khi nhu cu cng vic thay i, cu trc CSDL rt c th thay i, HQT cho php thm hoc m rng cu trc m khng lm nh hng n CTD
31
Ngn ng CSDL
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 32
M hnh d liu
M hnh d liu (Data Model) bao gm
- Cc khi nim biu din d liu - Cc php ton x l d liu
33
M hnh ci t
- a ra cc khi nim ngi dng c th hiu c nhng khng qu xa vi cch d liu c t chc tht s trn my tnh - VD: m hnh quan h, m hnh mng, m hnh phn cp
V d m hnh ER
Diem MaHP (0,n) Hocky
hoc
MaSV Ten Lop Nganh (1,n)
HPhan
(1,1)
Nam
mo
(0,n)
Gvien mhoctruoc
SVien
MHoc
(0,n)
dieukien
(0,n) mhocsau
35
V d m hnh i tng
SVien Ten Lop Nganh 1..* LapTKB() InBangDiem() Diem DiemTH DiemLT DiemPrj SuaDiem()
hoc
0..*
mo
Dieu kien
36
V d m hnh quan h
SVien
MaSV Ten Lop Nganh
Hoc
MaSV MaHP DiemLT DiemTH
HPhan MaHP
SLuong
MaMH
DKien MaMH
MaMHTruoc
37
V d m hnh mng
SVien MHoc
MHOC_SAU MHOC_MO MHOC_TRUOC
SVIEN_DIEM
HPhan
DKien
KQUA_HPHAN
KQua
38
V d m hnh phn cp
KQua
Mc 1:
DiemTH
DiemLT
HPhan
SVien
TenSV Lop Nganh
Mc 2:
TenHP
SLuong
Mc 3:
MHoc
TenMH Khoa TinChi
39
Lc
Lc CSDL (Database Schema)
- L cc m t v cu trc v rng buc trn CSDL
SVien
Mhoc DKien KHoc KQua
Ten
MaSV
Nam Khoa
TenMH MaMH TinChi Khoa MaMH MaKH MaKH MaMH_Truoc MaMH HocKy MaSV Diem Nam GV
40
Th hin
Th hin CSDL (Database Instance)
- L d liu hin thi c lu tr trong CSDL mt thi im no - Tnh trng ca CSDL
Mhoc TenMH Nhap mon tin hoc Cau truc du lieu Toan roi rac Co so du lieu MaMH COSC1310 COSC3320 MATH2410 COSC3380 TinChi 4 4 3 3 Khoa CNTT CNTT TOAN CNTT KQua MaSV 17 17 8 8 8 8 MaMH COSC3380 COSC3380 COSC3320 MaKH 112 119 85 92 102 135 MaMH_Truoc COSC3320 MATH2410 COSC3380 Diem 8 6 10 9 8 10
SVien
MaSV 17 8
Nam 1 2
DKien
41
Ngn ng CSDL
Ngn ng nh ngha d liu (DDL Data Definition Language)
Xc nh ra lc quan nim
42
43
Bi tp v nh
c Kin trc ca HQT CSDL
- Chng 1, phn 1.2, trang 9 15
44
45