1:

1
z1 , z2 :

z1 z2 = z1 z2

=
z1 z2

z1 z2

z z ) ( z z )
(=
2

( z1 z2 )
( z1z2 )=

z1 z2
2

z1 z2 z1 z2 = z1 z1 z2 z2 .
, .

 2

.

( .92)
z 2 + z + = 0 , , 0 .

, :

, = 2 4 , .
z +
=
2
2
4

> 0 . z1,2 =

=0 . : z =

( ) i

=
=
< 0 . =
2
2
4
4
4 2

2 4
.
2

.
2

,
2

2
i
i

, : z1,2 =
z +
=
2
2 2

 3
) z1 , z 2 , : z1 + z 2 = z1 + z 2 .
) z ;

) z1 = + i z 2 = + i , , , , . :

z1 + z 2 =

( + i ) + ( + i ) = ( + ) + ( + ) i = ( + ) ( + ) i =

( i ) + ( i )=

z1 + z 2 .

) M ( x, y ) z= x + yi .
z M O , :

=
z OM
=

x 2 + y2

 4
) z = + i , , :

z + z =2
z z =2i

) :
i. z z 0 =
, z, z 0 > 0 .
ii. z z1 = z z 2 , z, z1 , z 2 .

) z = + i, , :

z + z = + i + i = 2 z z = + i + i = 2 i
) z z o =
K ( z 0 ) z 0
.
z z1 = z z 2 , ,
z1 z 2 .

 5
N i , i .

= 4 +
4. =0,1, 2,3 :

i 4 (=
i4 ) 1
=

=
i 4+1 (=
i4 ) i i

+
=
i i 4=

4+ 2

= ( i 4 ) i 2 = 1
i

4+3
= ( i 4 ) i3 = i3 = i
i

 6
)

+ i
, , , + i 0 + i , .
+ i

) z1 z 2

z1 , z 2 .

+ i
+ i
+ i

+ i
=
+ i

i)
( + i )(=
( + i )( i )

+ + i i +
=
+
i.
2 + 2
2 + 2 2 + 2

)
.

 7

.

M1 (, ) M 2 ( , ) z1 = + i z 2 = + i

( ) + ( ) i

N ( , ) =
ON OM1 OM 2 , .
, z1 z 2 =

 8

.

M1 (, ) M 2 ( , ) z1 = + i

z 2 = + i , z1 + z 2 =

( + ) + ( + ) i

N ( + , + ) , :

=
ON OM1 + OM 2 , .

 9
z
:
i. z 2 + 3i =
1.
ii. z + 2 + i = z 1 i .

i. M ( x, y ) z K ( 2, 3)
2 3i . : z 2 + 3i = 1 z ( 2 3i ) = 1 ( KM ) = 1 .
M ( x, y ) z
K ( 2, 3) =1 .
ii. z A, B 2 i

1 + i . : z + 2 + i = z 1 i z ( 2 i ) = z (1 + i ) ( A ) =

( B ) .

z
(-2,-1) (1,1).


1
z 1 + 0i :

z4
= 2.
z 1

i.

z = 2 .

ii.

Re(z) = Im(z)
.

iii.

z z 2 I .

i. :

z 4 = 22 z 1 ( z 4 )( z 4 )= 4 ( z 1)( z 1)
2

zz 4z 4z + 16= 4zz 4z 4z + 4 3zz =12 z =4 z =2.

2

ii. z = + i, , . Re(z) = Im(z) , =

:

z = 2 2 + 2 = 2 2 + 2 = 4 2 2 = 4 = 2.
,=
z

2 i 2 .
2 +i 2 z =

iii. =
z

z2 = 2 + i 2

2 + i 2 :

=2 + 2 2 i + 2i 2 =4i I .

: z =
2 i 2 .

10

 2
z= x + yi x, y :
i.

Re(z) Re(z) z .

ii.

Im(z) Im(z) z .

iii.

2 Re(z)Im(z) z .

iv.

Re(z) + Im(z) 2 z .

i. :

Re(z) Re(z) z x x x 2 + y 2 ,
x x , x , :

x x 2 + y2 x
2

x 2 + y2

x 2 x 2 + y 2 0 y 2 , , y ,

.
ii. :

Im(z) Im(z) z y y x 2 + y 2 , y y , y ,

y x 2 + y2 y
2

x 2 + y2

y 2 x 2 + y 2 0 x 2 , , x .

iii. :

2 Re(z)Im(z) z 2 xy x 2 + y 2 x + y 2 x y 0
2

(x y)

0 , , x, y , .

iv. :

Re(z) + Im(z) 2 z x + y 2 x 2 + y 2

(x + y)

2 x 2 + y2

x + 2 x y + y 2x 2 + 2y 2 ( x y ) 0 , , x, y ,
2

.
11

 3
) :

=
P ii 2 i3 i 64 .
) :

S =i i 2 + i3 i 4 + i 2 , N .

)
, S=

64

P =ii 2 i3 i 64 =i1+ 2+3++ 64 =i 2

( 1 + ) , :
2

(1+ 64 )

=i 2080 =i 4520+ 0 =i 0 =1

) 2 1 =i
= i . ,
, : S = 1

S =i i + i i + i
2

( i )
=i

1
, :
1

1 ( 1) 1
=i
=
i 1
i 1
2

11
= 0,
i

i
1

:
2 1 i)
i 1 1 = i 2 = i (
= 1 + i,
i 1 1 + i
2

12

 4
z : z 7 = 16 ( z ) :
3

i.

: z10 .

ii.

z .

i. z 7 = 16 ( z ) z 3 :
3

7 3
z=
z 16 ( z ) z 3 =
z10 16 ( zz ) =
z10 16 z z R z10 .
3

ii. :
7
z=
16 ( z ) z= 16 ( z ) z= 16 z z = z ,
7

(z

16 =
0

(z =0

z= 16

(z =0

z = 2) .

13

 5
z , z

2
i.
3

=
)
: w

5i z + 3 + z

2
, z i .
2 3iz
3

) z ,
,
u =(12 + 5i ) z i .

) , :

5i z + 3 + z 5i z + 3 + z
=
w =
=
2

3iz
2 3iz

5i z + 3 + z 5 i ( z ) + 3 + z 5i z + 3 + z
.
= =
2 3 i z
2 + 3iz
2 3iz
) z = 1 u=

u + i=

(12 + 5i ) z=

(12 + 5i ) z i u + i= (12 + 5i ) z

122 + 52 z u + i =
13 u

K(0, 1) 13,

C : x 2 + ( y + 1) =
132
2

14

 6
z
:
i.

zz =
2i.

ii.

z = 1 z.

iii.

Im ( z ) = Re ( z ) .

iv.

(z + z )

=
4.

z= x + yi x, y :
i. z z = 2i 2yi = 2i y = 1
y = 1 .

1

2
1
x = .
2
ii. z = 1 z z + z = 1 2x = 1 x =

iii. Im (=
z ) Re ( z ) =
y x
.
iv. ( z + z ) = 4 4x 2 = 4 x 2 = 1 x = 1
2

x = 1
x = 1 .

15

 7
z
:
i.

z 2 + 3i < 1.

ii.

z + 2 + i z 1 i

i. M ( x, y ) z K ( 2, 3)
2 3i . : z 2 + 3i < 1 z ( 2 3i ) < 1 ( KM ) < 1 .
M ( x, y ) z
K ( 2, 3) =1 ,
:

( x 2 ) + ( y + 3)
2

< 1, K ( 2, 3)

=1 . ( 1)

ii. z A, B 2 i
1 + i . :

z + 2 + i z 1 i
16

z ( 2 i ) z (1 + i )

( A ) ( B ) .

( , A ) ,

A
A B . (. 2) ( , A ) .
,
( A ) < ( K ) + ( KA ) =
( K ) + ( KB ) =
( B ) .
( A ) =
( B ) . ,
( A ) ( B ) .

: 6x + 4y + 3 0 .

17

z 2 2z + 1 + 2 = 0 (1) *
i.

ii.

z1 , z 2 (1) z1 + z 2 z1 z 2 .

iii.

z1 z 2

( OMN ) = 3 , ,

z1 z 2 .

i. :

= 4 4 (1 + 2 ) = 4 2 < 0 (1) .
ii. :

, 0 , ,
z1 + z 2 =
z1 z=
2

z1 + z 2 =
2 z1 z 2 = 1 + 2 .
iii. z1 , z 2 , z=
x1 + y1i
1

z=
x1 y1i x1 , y1 y1 > 0 .
2
z1 + z 2 =2x1 =2 x1 =1
z1 z 2 = x12 + y12 = 1 + 2 1 + y12 = 1 + 2 y1 = .

18

( OMN=)

(MN)(OK) 2y1 1
=
= y=
3 , = 3 = 3 :
1
2
2

z1 = 1 + 3i z 2 = 1 3i .

19

 2
i. z1 , z 2 , :

z1 + z 2 = z1 + z 2 + 2Re(z1 z 2 ).
2

ii. z1 , z 2 , :

2
2
2
z1 + z 2 = z1 + z 2 z1 z 2 I OM ON , OM ON
z1 z 2 .
iii. z1 , z 2 :

z1 + z 2 + z1 z 2= 2 z1 + z 2
2

).

iv. =
z 3,=
w 5 z + w =
6 z w , z, w

i. , :

z1 + z 2 = ( z1 + z 2 )( z1 + z 2 ) = ( z1 + z 2 ) z1 + z 2 =
2

z1 z1 + z1 z 2 + z1z 2 + z 2 z 2 =

z1 + z 2 + z1 z 2 + z1z 2 = z1 + z 2 + z1 z 2 + z1 z 2 = z1 + z 2 + 2Re(z1 z 2 ) .
2

ii. z1 + z 2 = z1 + z 2 , :
2

2Re(z1 z 2 ) =
0 Re(z1 z 2 ) =
0 z1 z 2 I (1).
, z1 z 2 I (1) (i) :

z1 + z 2 = z1 + z 2 .
2

z=
x 2 + y 2i , x1 , y1 , x 2 , y 2 , :
x1 + y1i z=
1
2

z1 z 2 =( x1 + y1i )( x 2 y 2i ) =( x1 x 2 + y1 y 2 ) + ( y1 x 2 x1 y 2 ) i. (2)
20

 z1 z 2 I , (2), :

x1 x 2 + y1 y 2 =
0 (3) OMON = ( x1 , y1 )( x 2 , y 2 ) = x1 x 2 + y1 y 2 = 0 , OM ON .

, OM ON (3) (2),
z1 z 2 I .
iii. :

z1 + z 2 + z1 z 2 = ( z1 + z 2 ) z1 + z 2 + ( z1 z 2 ) z1 z 2 =
2

(z z + z z
1 1

2 z1 + z 2
2

) (

+ z1z 2 + z 2 z 2 + z1 z1 z1 z 2 z1z 2 + z 2 z 2 =
2

) , .

iv. :

z + w + z w= 2 z + w
2

) , z, w

, , :

62 + z w = 2 ( 32 + 52 ) z w = 3
2 zw =
2

3 .2

21

 3
z 2 4z
=
+ 4 0, (1),

z , .

i. (1).
ii. (1), .
iii. z1 , z 2 (1), z1 z 2 .

z 2 4z
=
+ 4 0 (1),
i. = 16 2 16 = 16(1 2 ) = 16 2

z1,2=

4 4i
= 2 2i= 2 ( i )
2

ii. x= 2 y = 2 , : x 2 + y 2= 4 2 + 4 2 = 4 .

2.
iii. z1 , z 2 ,
, x x .
z1 z 2 ()=4, = 2k, k Z , ( 1).

22

 4
z, w :

(z)

w = 4 z 6 w = 4.

i.

z w .

ii.

z w .

iii.

: 3 z + w 5 . ;

i. :

(z)
z6

=
w4 ( z ) w =
4 z w =
4 (1).
2

=
w4 z w =
4 (2).
6

(2):(1), z, w * , :

z =1 z =1 (1): w = 4 .
4

( )

ii. ( z ) w =
4 ( z ) w =
4 ( z ) ( w ) =
4 ( z ) w =
4 ( z ) w =
4 ,
2

z 6 w = 4 :
z 6 w= 4 z 4 ( z 2 w) = 4 z 4 4 = 4 z 4 1 = 0

(z

1)( z 2 + 1) =0 z =1, z =i .

z = 1 w = 4 , z = i , :

i 6 w =
4
w=
4 .
iii. : z = 1 w = 4 , :

z w z + w z + w 3 z + w 5.
z w =z + w z = 1 w = 4 , z + w = z + w z = 1

w = 4.
23

 5
) z =
x + yi, x, y :

z = z z
z =z z I
) z1 , z 2 z1 = z 2 = , > 0 z1 z 2 2 , :
i.

=
w1

z1 + z 2
.
+ z1 z 2

ii.

=
w2

z1 z 2
I.
+ z1 z 2

) z = z x yi = x + yi 2yi = 0 y = 0 z .
,

z=
z x yi =
x yi 2x =
0
x =
0 zI .
) z1 = z 2 = z1 = z 2 = 2
2

z1 z1 = z 2 z 2 = 2 :

z1 =

2
2
z 2 =
.
z1
z2

i. () w1 = w1 . :

z1 + z 2
z1 + z 2
=
w1 2=
=
2
+ z1 z 2 + z1 z 2

2 ( z1 + z 2 )
2 2
+
z1 + z 2
z1 z 2
z1 z 2
w1 . .
=
=
=
2
2
2
2

+ z1 z 2
( z1 z 2 + 2 )
2
+
z1 z 2
z z
1

ii. () w 2 = w 2 . :
24

 z1 z 2
z1 z 2
=
w 2 2=
=
2
+ z1 z 2 + z1 z 2

2 ( z 2 z1 )
2 2

z1 z 2
z1 z 2
z z
=
= 2 1 2 2 = w 2 . .
2
2
2

+ z1 z 2
( z1 z 2 + )
2 +
z1 z 2
z z
1

25

 6
z, w, :

z8 w 6 = 1
26 20
z w = 1
z 2 + w 2 =
2

z8 w 6 = 1 (1)
26 20
z w = 1 (2) ,
z 2 + w 2 =
2 (3)

: z 24 w18 = 1(4) (2) (4):

1
z 2 w 2 =1 z 2 = 2 (3), :
w
1
+ w 2 =2 w 4 + 2w 2 + 1 =0
w2

(w

+ 1) =0 w 2 =1 w =i .
2

(3) : z = i . :

=
w i ) ( z = i, w = i ) ( z =
i, w =
i) (z =
i, w =
i ) .
( z i,=

26

 7
i. : z 2 iz 1 =
0
ii. z1 , z 2 , : z13 = z 23 .

i. z =
x + yi, x, y , z 2 iz 1 =0 :

x 2 y 2 + 2xyi ix + y 1 = 0
2
2
x y + y 1 =0

0
x ( 2y 1) =

x 2 y 2 + y 1 =0
x 2 y 2 + y 1 =0

1
x=0
y=

3
x =
3 1
2 z =

+ i , ( x = 0 y 2 + y 1 =0 ).

1,2
2
2
y=1

2
3

3 1 3 3
3 1
3 21 31
ii. z =
2 + i 2 = 8 + 3 2 i 2 + 3 2 i 4 + i 8 = i

3
1

3 1
3 3
3 1
3 21 31
z 2 =
+ i =

+ 3
i +i =
i,

i 3
2
8
2 4
8
2
2 2
3

: z13 = z 23

27

 8
z = 3 + 4i, .
i.

z
.

ii.

z1 , z 2 , z1 z 2 8 .

x
3 =

x = 3

i. z= x + yi x, y , z = 3 + 4i
,
y = 4
y
=
4
, :
2

x 2 y2
x y
+
=
1
+
=
1 8

9 16
3 4
6.
ii. z1 z 2

,
z1 z 2 8.

28

 9
z 0 , w= z

4
.
z

z
=2 , w .

z = + b i , b : z = 2 + b = 2 + b = 4 b = 4 0
2

2 2 2 2 b 2 .
w = z

4 ( bi )
4
4
= + bi
= + bi 2
= + bi + bi = 0 + 2bi
z
+ bi
+ b2

w= x + yi x = 0 y= 2b [ 4, 4] . w
A ( 0, 4 ) B ( 0, 4 ) .

29

1 + it
, t .
1 it

z z =
5 + 3

z
.

z= x + yi x, y . :

(1 + it )
1 + it
x + yi =5 + 3
x + yi =5 + 3
1 it
1+ t2
2

1 t2
2ti
x + yi =5 + 3
.
+ 3
2
1+ t
1+ t2

2t
1 t2
y
=
3

.
1+ t2
1+ t2

, x 5 =
3

, :

1 2t 2 + t 4 + 4t 2
2
=
32
( x 5) + y2 32 =
2 2
(1 + t )
z (5,0) =3.

30

 2
z1 = 1 + 2i z 2 = 3 + 4i

i.

x + yi, x, y :
z =
z = z z.

ii.

z
, :

z z1
, z1 , z 2 z z 2 .
z z2

iii.

z .

iv.

w
, : w = tz1 + (1 t )z 2 t .

i. z = z x yi = x + yi 2yi = 0 y = 0 z .
ii. z= x + yi, x, y

( x, y ) ( 3, 4 ) ,

z z1
z z1 z z1
z z1 z z1
R
=
=

z z2
z z2 z z2
z z2 z z2
zz zz 2 z1 z + z1 z 2 =zz zz1 z 2 z + z 2 z1 :

y= x + 1 .
( ) : y= x + 1 , (3,4).
iii. z ,
( ) : y= x + 1. ()
1 =1 , ( ) (),
2 =1 :

y= x + 1
y = x

x . :
( ) : y =
x =

1
1
y = , z
2
2

1 1
z = + i .
2 2
31

iv. w= x + yi x, y , x + yi =t(1 + 2i ) + (1 t )( 3 + 4i ) =( 3 2t ) + ( 2t + 4 ) i,

2t + 4 , (2) t
, x= 3 2t , (1) y =

(1) (2), : y= x + 1 .

( ) : y= x + 1 .

32

 3
w : 1 + w + w =
0 . :
2

i.

w 1.

ii.

w3 = 1 .

iii.

w 3 + w 3+1 + w 3+ 2 =
0.

iv.

w 9 + w 8 + w 2 =
0.

v.

(1 + w )

vi.

( 3 + 3w + 5w )

=
w .

2 12

=
4096.

i. w 1 , w = 1 1 + w + w =
0 3=0 .
2

ii. (1 w 0 ) :

1 + w + w 2 =0 (1 w ) (1 + w + w 2 ) =0 1 w 3 =0 w 3 =1 .

: 1 + w + w 2 =
0 w1,2 =
3 .

iii. w

1
3
,
i
2
2

+ w 3+1 + w 3+ 2 =
0 ( w3 ) + ( w3 ) w + ( w3 ) w2 =
0

1+ w + w2 =
0 , .

iv. w + w + w
9

=0 w 9 + w 8 +

1
=0 w11 + w10 + 1 =0
2
w

w 33+ 2 + w 33+1 + 1 = 0 ( w 3 ) w 2 + ( w 3 ) w1 + 1 = 0 w 2 + w1 + 1 = 0,
3

w 2
v. (1 + w ) =
5

vi. 3 + 3w + 5w 2

12

=
w10 =
( w3 ) w =
w.
3

=( 3 + 3w + 3w 2 + 2w 2 ) =3 (1 + w + w 2 ) + 2w 2 =
12

12

=
212 w 24 4096
=
( w 3 ) 4096 .
8

33

 4
z, w z =

( + 1) + ( 3 + 2 ) i,

w 4 i =
2.

i.

z .

ii.

w .

iii.

z w .

i. z =

( + 1) + ( 3 + 2 ) i,

, x =

( + 1)

y=

( 3 + 2 )

y 3x 1 .
=
y 3x 1 .
() =
ii. K ( 4,1) =2 .
iii. 1,
.

y = 3x 1 3x y 1= 0 :
=
( AK
)

34 11 1
=
2
32 + ( 1)

10
=
10

=
10 ( AB
)

10 2 , z w

10 2 .

34

, .
2 2

2 z 2 2z + 1 + 2 = 0 (1)
i.

(1). (1) ;

ii.

(1) .

iii.

, ,
2 2

i. :

= 4 2 4 (1 + 2 ) 2 = 4 2 2 0 .
=0 =0

=
z

2
1
1
=
= = 1.
2
2 0

, 0 0, < 0
2 2

=
z1,2

2 2i
1

=
i
.
2
2

ii. x =

1
1

2
y =
+ 1 =

y 2 + 1= x 2 x 2 y 2 = 1 x > 0 , > 0 .
() .

35

iii.
, (1,0),
, =0 .

36

 6
z1 , z 2 z 2 0 . , ,

z1 + iz 2 , z1 iz 2 z1 + 3z 2 , :
i.

ii.

z 2 = 2 , .

i. , , z1 + iz 2 , z1 iz 2 z1 + 3z 2
. ,
( AB ) = ( A ) = ( B ) . :

( AB ) = ( z1 + iz 2 ) ( z1 iz 2 ) =
2iz 2 = 2 z 2 .

( A )= ( z1 + iz 2 ) ( z1 +

3 + i z 2 =
3 + i z2 =
2 z 2

( B )= ( z1 iz 2 ) ( z1 +

3z 2 =

3z 2 =

3 i z 2 =
3 i z2 =
2 z2 .

2 z 2 .
ii.

E=

2 3
,
4

z ) 3
( 2=
2

=
( AB )

4 3 ..

37

 7
z
:
i.

Re z =
7Re ( z ) .
z

ii.

Im z =
2Im ( z ) .
z

z= x + yi x, y :

4 ( x + yi )
4
4
= x + yi
= x + yi 2
=
z
x yi
x + y2

x ( x 2 + y2 4 )
x 2 + y2

y ( x 2 + y2 4 )
x 2 + y2

i x 2 + y 2 0. :

x ( x 2 + y2 4 )
1
4

7Re ( z )
=
7x x =
0 x 2 + y 2 =
i. Re z =
2
2
z
x +y
2

z yy
O ( 0, 0 ) =

2
.
2

y ( x 2 + y2 4 )
4
4

2Im ( z )
=
2y y =
0 x 2 + y 2 =
ii. Im z =
2
2
z
x +y
3

z x x
2 3
.
O ( 0, 0 ) =
3

38

 8
z, w z + 1 i =2 w 4 3i =
1.
i.

z w
.

ii.

z w .

iii.

z w .

i. :

z + 1 i = 2 z ( 1 + i ) = 2

(-1,1)

22. ,
1 =2 , C1 : ( x + 1) + ( y 1) =
2

w 4 3i = 1 w ( 4 + 3i ) = 1,
(4,3)

1
2 =
1 , C2 : ( x 4 ) + ( y 3) =
2

ii.

1 .

=
( OB ) d ( O, K ) 1
=
( OA ) d ( O, K ) + 1 .
d(O, K) = ( OK ) =

( 1)

+ 12 =

2 ( OB )= 2 2 ( OA )= 2 + 2 .

z 2 2 2 + 2 .
39

 d(O, ) = (O ) =

42 + 32 = 5 ,

( O ) =

d ( O, ) 2 = 5 1= 4

( O ) = d ( O, ) + 2 = 5 + 1= 6 .
w 4 6 .

iii.

( K=
)

( 4 + 1)

+ ( 3 1)=
2

29 1 + 2 = 1 + 2 = 3 , ( K ) > 1 + 2 ,

.

(NE) (MZ).
( NE=
)

( K ) 1 =2

29 3 ( NE=
)

( K ) + 1 + =2

29 + 3 ,

z w .

40

 9
) z :
Im(z) 1 = z + i .
) z, w :

z 1 = z 2i w 2 = w 4i ,
z w .

) z= x + yi x, y . :

Im(z) 1 = z + i y 1 = x + yi + i y 1 =

x 2 + ( y + 1)
2

( y 1) = x 2 + ( y + 1) y 2 2y + 1 = x 2 + ( y + 1) x 2 = 4y ,
2

,
yy , p = 2 , E ( 0, 1)

y = 1.
) z= x + yi x, y . :

z 1 = z 2i x + yi 1 = x + yi 2i

( x 1)

+ y2 =

x 2 + ( y 2)
2

2x + 1 =
4y + 4 2x + 4y 3 =
0,
1 =
w = + bi , , b , :

A 1
= .
B 2

w 2 = w 4i + bi 2 = + bi 4i

( 2)

+=
b2

2 + ( b 4)
2

4 + 4 = 8b + 16 + 2b 3 = 0 .

0 ,
w x + 2y 3 =
1
2

2 =

1 = 2 .

41

 z w .

0
.. A ( 3, 0 ) x + 2y 3 =
0 ,
2x + 4y 3 =
=
d

2( 3) + 40 3
=
2
2
4

+
( ) 2

3
3 5
=
10
20

z w

3 5
.
10

42

 10
z :
z 4 3i =
3 (1).
)
x x .
) z1 (1), :

z1 (1 + 3i ) + z1 ( 7 + 3i ) =
36
2

(2) (2)

) z ( 8 + 3i ) , z
(1).

) :

z 4 3i = 3 z ( 4 + 3i ) = 3,

, K ( 4,3) 3.
x x 3,
, .
) z1 = + bi, , b . z1 (1 + 3i ) + z1 ( 7 + 3i ) = 36
2

( 1) + ( b 3) i

+ ( 7 ) + ( b 3) i = 3 6
2

( 1) + ( b 3) + ( 7 ) + ( b 3)=
2

3
6

2 2 16 + 50 + 2 ( b 3)= 36
2

2 8 + 2 +5( b 3) = 1
8 2 8 + 1 +69 + ( b 3) = 9 + 9
2

2 8 + 1 +6( b 3) =
9 ( 4 ) + ( b 3) =
32 z1 ( 4 + 3i ) =
3 , ,
2

.
:
A (1,3) B ( 7,3) .
x x .
(4,3). () M

z1 , z1 (1 + 3i ) ( MA )

z1 ( 7 + 3i ) ( MB )
43

z1 (1 + 3i ) + z1 ( 7 + 3i ) = 36 ( MA ) + ( MB ) = ( AB )
2

) (8,3) 8 + 3i ,
, ( 1)
z ( 8 + 3i ) 1

7, ( B ) = z ( 8 + 3i )
=1 ( A ) = z ( 8 + 3i ) max = 7
min

44

 11
z = + i , , R w = 2z + iz 3 . :
i.

Re(w) = 2 3 Im(w) = 2 .

ii.

w
y 2x + 1 ,
=
z .

iii.

z
y= x + 1 , w
y = x 6 .

i. w = 2z + iz 3

w= 2 ( i ) + i ( + i ) 3=

( 2 3) + ( 2 ) i

Re(w) = 2 3 Im(w) = 2 .
5
3

y 2x + 1 , 2 = 4 2 6 + 1 =
ii. w =
z x =

5
.
3

= 2 3

iii. =Re(w) =Im(z) , :

,
= 2

2 + 6

=
3
:
y= x + 1 : = 6

+
2
3
=

3
w y = x 6 .

45

 12
)

i.

: 1 + zw z + w = 1 z

ii.

z < 1 w > 1 : 1 + zw < z + w .

)(1 w ) .
2

z, w :

i.

zw + zw z + w .

ii.

1
( zw + zw ) z w .
2

) i. 1 + zw z + w = (1 + zw )(1 + zw ) ( z + w )( z + w ) =
2

(1 + zw )(1 + zw ) ( z + w )( z + w ) =1 + z 2 w

z2 w =
2

(1 z )(1 w ) .
2

ii. z < 1 w > 1 1 z

)(1 w ) < 0
2

1 + zw z + w < 0 1 + zw < z + w .
2

) i. zw + zw z + w zz + ww zw zw 0
2

( z w )( z w ) 0

( z w )( z w ) 0

z w 0 , .
2

ii. z + w = z + zw + zw + w
2

zw + zw =z + w z w
2

1
( zw + zw ) z w
2
46

z+w z w 2 z w z+w ( z + w )
2

z + w z + w ,
.

: 12/1/2012

47


2: - -

1
) f , [ , ] . f
[ , ] f () f () , f ()

f () x 0 (, ) f (x 0 ) = .
) A .
A;

) f () < f () f () < n < f () .

g(x)
= f (x) n , x [ , ] :

g [ , ] g()g() < 0 , g()= f () < 0

g()= f () > 0 . , Bolzano, x 0 ( , )

=
f (x 0 )=
0 f (x 0 ) = .
, g(x
0)
) A .
A () f , x A
y . To y f x f (x) .

 2
i. f g ;
ii. f
;
iii. f A x 0 A . f
x 0 ;

i. f g : A
x A f (x) = g(x) .

ii. f ,
x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 : f (x1 ) < f (x 2 ) .

iii. f x 0 A . f
x 0 A , lim f (x) = f (x 0 )
x x0

 3
) f
;
) gof f,g A,B ;
gof;
) .

) f ,
x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 : f (x1 ) > f (x 2 ) .
) f,g , ,
f g , gof, gof : A1 ,
A1 gof x f
f (x) g .
A1 =
{x A | f (x) B} . gof A1 ,
f (A) B .

) f,g,h. h(x) f (x) g(x) x 0 lim

=
h(x) lim
=
g(x)
x x0

x x0

lim f (x) = .
x x0

 4
i. f A
x 0 A f (x 0 ) ;
ii. Bolzano
iii. f : A 1-1;

i. f A :
x 0 , f (x 0 ) , f (x) f (x 0 ) x A .
ii. f , [ , ] .
f [ , ] , f ()f () < 0
x 0 (, ) , f (x 0 ) = 0 . ,
f (x) = 0 (, ) .
iii. f : A "1-1", x1 , x 2 A
:
x1 x 2 f (x1 ) f (x 2 ) .

 5
i. .
ii. f x 0 ;

i. f [, ] , f [, ] M
m .

ii. f x 0 )
x 0 ) x 0 ,
f (x 0 ) , x 0 .

 6
f (,)
[,];

f (,),
(,).
f [,],
(,) lim+ f (x)= f () lim f (x)= f () .
x

 7
i. ;
ii. lim f (x) lim f (x) ;
x +

i. : N*
ii. lim f (x) f
x +

(, +) . lim f (x) f
x

(, ) .

 8
i. Bolzano. ;
ii. x x . ;

i. f , [ , ] . f

[, ] ,

f ()f () < 0 , x 0 ( , ) ,

f (x 0 ) = 0 . , f (x) = 0

( , ) .

.Bolzano f x x
.
ii. x x x . x = 0 .

 9
P(x) = x + 1x 1 ++ 1x + 0 x 0 . :

lim P(x) = P(x 0 ) .

x x0

P(x) = x + 1x 1 ++ 1x + 0 x 0 .
:

lim P(x)
= lim ( x + 1x 1 ++ 0 )

x x0

x x0

= lim ( x ) + lim ( 1x 1 ) ++ lim 0

x x0

x x0

x x0

= lim x + 1 lim x 1 ++ lim 0

x x0

x x0

x x0

= x 0 + 1x 0 1 ++ 0 = P(x 0 )
lim P(x) = P(x 0 )
x x0

 10
f (x) =

P(x)
, P(x) , Q(x) x x 0
Q(x)

Q(x 0 ) 0 .
: lim

x x0

P(x) P(x 0 )
.
=
Q(x) Q(x 0 )

P(x)
x x 0 Q(x)

: =
lim f (x) lim
=
x x0

, lim

x x0

lim P(x) P(x )

0
.
=
lim Q(x) Q(x 0 )

x x0
x x0

P(x) P(x 0 )
, Q(x 0 ) 0 .
=
Q(x) Q(x 0 )

10


1
f :

f (x) =
3e 2x +1 5x + 3 .
) f .
) f .
) f (x) = 0 .

) D f = . x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 :

x1 < x 2 2x1 < 2x 2 2x1 + 1 < 2x 2 + 1

e 2x1 +1 < e 2x 2 +1 3e 2x1 +1 > 3e 2x 2 +1
x1 < x 2 5x1 > 5x 2 5x1 + 3 > 5x 2 + 3
3e 2x1 +1 5x1 + 3 > 3e 2x 2 +1 5x 2 + 3 f (x1 ) > f (x 2 ) .
f .
) f , ,
:

f () = lim f (x), lim f (x) .

x +

lim f (x)= lim ( 3e 2x +1 5x + 3=

)

x +

x +

3 lim e 2x +1 5 lim x + 3 = + 3 =
x +

x +

( lim e 2x +1 = e lim (e x ) 2 = e(+) = + ).

x +

x +

11

lim f (x)= lim (3e 2x +1 5x + 3)=

3 lim e 2x +1 5 lim x + 3 =0 + + 3 =+
x

+1
e lim (e 2 =
) x e0
= 0 ).
( lim e 2x=
x

f ( ) = (, +) .
) f 0, x 0

f (x 0 ) = 0 . f , x 0
f (x) = 0 .

12

= 2x 2011 + 5x 7, x .
f : f (x)
i.

f .

ii.

f (x) = 0 .

iii. f .

i. f D f = . x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 . :

x1 < x 2 x12011 < x 2 2011 2x12011 < 2x 2 2011

x1 < x 2 5x1 < 5x 2 5x1 7 < 5x 2 7

2x12011 + 5x1 7 < 2x 2 2011 + 5x 2 7 f (x1 ) < f (x 2 ).

f .
ii. f .
f (1) = 2 + 5 7 = 0 : f (x) = 0 x =1
iii. : f (1) = 0 f , :

x < 1 , : f (x) < f (1) f (x) < 0

x > 1 , : f (x) > f (1) f (x) > 0

13

 3
f f (x)
= 4 ex 2 + 3 .
i.

ii.

iii. f 1 .

i. : e x 2 0 e x 2 x ln 2
=
Df ln 2, + ) .
ii. x1 , x 2 [ln 2, +) x1 < x 2 :

x1 < x 2 e x1 < e x 2 e x1 2 < e x 2 2 e x1 2 < e x 2 2

4 e x1 2 < 4 e x 2 2 4 e x1 2 + 3 < 4 e x 2 2 + 3
f (x1 ) < f (x 2 )
f [ln 2, +) . f (
) :

f ln 2, + ) = f ( ln 2 ) , lim f (x)
x +

f (ln2) = 4 eln 2 2 + 3= 40 + 3= 3

lim f (x) = lim (4 e x 2 + 3) = +

x +

x +

f ([ ln 2, + )=
)

[3, + )

iii. f 1-1 (ii) .

x ln 2, + ) : f (x)= y

14

y3
x
e 2 =

4
4 ex 2 + 3 = y
y3 0

4
2

x
(y 3) 2

3
y =
x
ln
e 2 =
4 + 2 .

y3
y3

(x 3) 2

+ 2 Df =
1
4

=
f 1 (x) ln

[3, + ) .

15

 4
f =
f (x) 2 ln( x 1 + 1) + 3
i. f .
ii. f 1-1.
iii. f 1 .
iv. f 1 (1 + x) =
2.

i. :

x 1 0

1, + )

x 1 D=
f

x 1 + 1 > 0
ii. x1 , x 2 [1, + ) f (x1 ) = f (x 2 ) . :

f (x=
f (x 2 ) 2 ln( x1 1 + 1) +=
3 2 ln( x 2 1 + 1) + 3
1)
2 ln x=
2 ln x 2 1
1 1
ln x1 1 = ln x 2 1 x1 1= x 2 1 x1 = x 2
f 1-1.
iii. :

f (x) = y y = 2ln( x 1 + 1) + 3

y 3
2

y3
= ln( x 1 + 1)
2

x= (e

y 3
y23
x 1 + 1 e 1 = x 1 , e 2 1 0 ,

y 3
2

1) 2 + 1, y 3.

(x) (e
f 1=

x 3
2

1) 2 + 1, x [3, +)

16

iv. f (1 + x) = 2 (e

(e
(e

x 2
2

x 2
2

1 =
1 e
=2 e

x 2
2

x 2
2

x +13
2

1) + 1 = 2 (e
2

x 2
2

1) 2 = 1

1 =1)

= 0 )

x2
= ln 2 x= 2 ln 2 + 2 .
2

17

 5
x

1
f f (x)= 3x + 2 .
2
i.

ii.

x
2011.

iii.

: 3x2 x + 2 x < 1

i. D f = . x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 :
x1

1
1
x1 < x 2 >
2
2

x2

x1 < x 2 3x1 > 3x 2 3x1 + 2 > 3x 2 + 2

x

1
2
1
1
3x1 + 2 > 3x 2 + 2 f (x1 ) > f (x 2 ).
2
2

f .
ii. :

1 x

lim
f (x) lim 3x
=
=
+ 2
x
x
2

1
1
lim 3 lim x + 2 = + ( ) 2 = + , 0 < < 1
x 2
x
2

x

1
lim = + .
x 2

1 x

lim
f (x) lim 3x
=
=
+ 2
x +
x +
2

1
1
lim 3 lim x + 2 =0 + 2 = , 0 < < 1
x + 2
x +
2

18

1
lim = 0
x + 2

f , :

f () =

( lim f (x), lim f (x) ) =

x +

( , + )

2011 f () f , x
2011.
iii. :
x

1
1
3x2 + 2 < 1 3x + 1 < x 3x > 1
2
2
x

1
3x + 2 > 3 f (x) > 3 f (x) > f (0) x < 0
2
( f (0) = 3 ) f .

19

 6
f f (x)= 3x 2011 + 2x 5, x .
i.

f .

ii. f (x) = 0 x = 1 .
iii. f .

i. D f = . x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 :

x1 < x 2 x12011 < x 22011 3x12011 < 3x 22011

x1 < x 2 2x1 < 2x 2 2x1 5 < 2x 2 5 .
3x12011 + 2x1 5 < 3x 22011 + 2x 2 5 f (x1 ) < f (x 2 ) .
f .
ii. : f (1) = 0 x = 1 f (x) = 0 f
.
iii. f x = 1 ,
Bolzano (,1)
(1, +) .
f x < 1 f (x) < f (1) =
0 ,
x > 1 f (x) > f (1) =
0.

20

 7
lim f (x) , :
x 1

2x 1
= +
x 1 f (x)

i.

lim

ii.

lim

iii.

lim [ f (x)(3x + 4) ] = +

x 1

f (x)
=
4x + 3

x 1

i.

2x 1
= g(x) lim g(x) = + g(x) 0 1.
x 1
f (x)

2x 1
2x 1
= g(x) f (x) =
f (x)
g(x)

: lim f (x) = lim

x 1

ii. :

x 1

2x 1
1
= lim (2x 1)
=0
x

1
g(x)
g(x)

f (x)
= (4x + 3)h(x)
= h(x) , f (x)
4x + 3

lim h(x) =
x 1

lim f (x) = lim [ (4x + 3)h(x) ] = 7( ) =

x 1

x 1

iii. :

f (x)(3x + 4) =
(x) , lim (x) = +
x 1

3x + 4 0 1, f (x) =

k(x)
3x + 4

lim f (x) = lim

k(x) = (+) = + .
x 1
x 1 3x + 4

21

 8
f : [1,5]
A(1,8) B(5,12) .
i.

f .

ii. f

29
3

iii. x 0 (1,5 ) :

f (x 0 ) =

2f (2) + 3f (3) + 4f (4)

9

i. : f (1) = 8 f (5) = 12
( 1 < 5 f (1) < f (5) ).
ii. f [1,5] :

=
f ([1,5]) =
f (1) , f ( 5 )

[8,12]

29
f ([1,5])
3
iii. f x1 , x 2 D f x1 < x 2 f (x1 ) < f (x 2 ) .
:

1 < 2 < 5 f (1) < f (2) < f (5) 8 < f (2) < 12 16 < 2f (2) < 24
1 < 3 < 5 f (1) < f (3) < f (5) 8 < f (3) < 12 24 < 3f (3) < 36
1 < 4 < 5 f (1) < f (4) < f (5) 8 < f (4) < 12 32 < 4f (4) < 48
:

72 < 2f (2) + 3f (3) + 4f (4) < 108

8<

2f (2) + 3f (3) + 4f (4)

< 12
9

x 0 (1,5) :

f (x 0 ) =

2f (2) + 3f (3) + 4f (4)

f .
9
22

= ln(3e x + 1) 2 .
f f (x)
i. f .
ii. f .
iii. f 1 .
iv. f (x) < f 1 (ln 5 2) 2 .

i. f , : 3e x + 1 > 0 x R . ,
: D f =
ii. x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 :

x1 < x 2 e x1 < e x 2 3e x1 < 3e x 2 3e x1 + 1 < 3e x 2 + 1

n(3e x1 + 1) < n(3e x 2 + 1) n(3e x1 + 1) 2 < n(3e x 2 + 1) 2

f (x1 ) < f (x 2 ).
f , 1 1 .
iii. :

f (x) = y y + 2 = n(3e x + 1) e y + 2 = 3e x + 1
e y+2 1 e y+2 1
1
=
e
,
>0 =
x n (e y + 2 1), y > 2.
3
3
3
x

1
3

=
f 1 (x) ln (e x + 2 1), x ( 2, + )

iv. :

f (x) < f 1 (ln 5 2) 2 ln ( 3e x + 1) 2 < ln

1 ln 5
( e 1) 2
3

ln ( 3e x + 1) < ln

4
4
3e x + 1 < 9e x + 3 < 4
3
3
1
1
e x < x < ln x < ln 9
9
9
23

 10

2x 3 3x 1
f f (x) =
i.

f .

ii. f .
iii. f 1 (x) = 2
iv. f 1 (x) x 1

i. f .
x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 :

x1 < x 2 x13 < x 32 2x13 > 2x 23

x1 < x 2 3x1 > 3x 2 3x1 1 > 3x 2 1

2x13 3x1 1 > 2x 23 3x 2 1 f (x1 ) > f (x 2 ).

f .
ii. f 1 1 .

iii. f 1 (x) =
23
2 f f 1 ( x ) =
f (2) x =

iv. f , :

f 1 (x) x + 1 f ( f 1 (x) ) f ( x + 1)
x 2 ( x 3 + 3x 2 + 3x + 1) 3 ( x + 1) 1
2x 3 + 6x 2 + 10x + 6 0 ( Horner)

( x + 1)( 2x 2 + 4x + 6 ) 0 x 1 (

2x 2 + 4x + 6 > 0 = 16 48 = 32 < 0 )

24

 11
f : :

f (f (x)) + f (x) =
3x + 2 x f (1) = 3
i.

f 1 (1) .

ii. f (3)
iii. f 1 (x) = 3

3x + x + x
x f f ( x ) + f (x) 2
( )

iv. lim

i. f 1 1 , . x
f 1 (1) :

f f ( f 1 (1) ) + f ( f 1 =
(1) ) 3f 1 (1) + 2
1
f (1)=
(1)
+ 1 3f 1 (1) + 2 4=
2 3f 1 (1) f =

2
3

ii. x = 1 :

f ( f (1) ) + f (1) = 31 + 2 f (3) + 3 = 5 f (3) = 2

iii. :

f 1 (x) = 3 x = f (3) x = 2 ( ii)

iv. :

3x + x + x
3x + x + x
lim
= lim
=
x f ( f (x) ) + f (x) 2
x
3x
x 1 x 1 1
+
+ =
lim
x
3 x
3 3
x

25

x
=
x

x
x

1
1 x 1
1

lim =
= 0
xlim

x
x
x
x
x

x
x
.
= 0 . lim
x
x x
x

lim

26

 12
f : lim
x 1

f (x) x + (x 1)
=2
x2 1

i. f M(1,1)
ii. lim
x 1

3f (x) 2 1
x2 1

f (x) x + (x 1)
f (x)
= (x 2 1)g(x) + x (x 1).
2
x 1

i. : g(x)
=
:

lim f (x) lim g(x)(x 2 1) + x =

=
(x 1) 1
x 1
x 1
f :
=
=
f (1) lim
f (x) 1
x 1

M(1,1)
ii. lim [3f (x) 2] =1 > 0 , 3f (x) 2 > 0 , x 0
x 1

3 ( x 2 1) g(x) + 3 x 3(x 1) 3
3f (x) 2 1
3f (x) 3
lim =
lim
=
lim
=
x 1
x 1
x 1
x2 1
x2 1
x2 1

=
lim [3g(x) ] + lim
x 1

x 1

x 1

(x 1)(x + 1)

3lim
x 1

(x 1)
=
(x 1)(x + 1)

( x 1) 3 lim u =
3
=
6 + lim
2 x 1 ( x 1) x + 1 2 u 0 u

=6 +

3 3 21
=
4 2 4

27

 13
f
=
f (x) 2 ln
i.

x +1
+ 3.
1 x

f .

ii. f .
iii. f f 1 .
iv. : lim f (x) lim f (x)
x 1

x 1

i. f , :

x +1
2
> 0 1 x 2 > 0 x 2 < 1 x < 1 x < 1 1 < x < 1
1 x
: D f =

( 1,1)

ii. f f 2 f1

f=
2 ln x + 3 f 2 (x) =
1 (x)

( f1of=
2 ) (x)

x +1
, x ( 1,1) , :
1 x

f1 ( f=
2 ln f 2 (x)
=
+ 3 2 ln
2 (x) )

x +1
+3
1 x

iii. x1 , x 2 (1,1) f (x1 ) = f (x 2 ) :

f (x=
f (x 2 ) 2 ln
1)

x1 + 1
x +1
x +1 x +1
+=
3 2 ln 2
+3 1 = 2

1 x1
1 x2
1 x1 1 x 2

x1 x1 x 2 + 1 x 2 = x 2 + 1 x1 x 2 x1 x1 = x 2 .
f .

f (x) = y y = 2 ln

y 3
x +1
x +1
+3
=e 2
1 x
1 x

28

x +=
1 e

y 3
2

xe

y 3
2

(1 + e

y 3
2

= e
)x

y 3
2

1 =
x

1 < x < 1 1 <

e
e

e
e

y 3
2
y 3
2

y 3
2

<1

+1

e
e

y 3
2
y 3
2

y 3
2

1
+1

<1

+1

+1

e
e

y 3
2

y 3
2

> 1

1 < 1 2e

f 1 (x)
=

x 3
2
x 3
2

y 3
2

1
+1

> 0 y , :

,x

f 1 f1 (x)
= e

x 3
2

x 3

= e 2 + 1 . f1 g1 (x)
f 2 (x)
= e x 1
x 3
g 2 (x) =
2
x , :

( g1og 2 ) (x)=

g1 ( g 2 ( x )=
) e

x 3
2

=
1 f1 (x)

f 2 h1 (x)
= e x + 1 h 2 (x) =

x 3
.
2

x R , :

( h1oh 2 ) (x)= h1 ( h 2 (x)=) e

x 3
2

1 f 2 (x)
+=

iv. :

lim f (x) lim(2

ln
=

x 1

x 1

u =

x +1
+ 3)
1 x

x +1
x 1 u + , :
1 x

29

lim f (x) = lim (2 ln u + 3) = +

x 1

=
lim f (x)
x 1

u +

=
lim
f (x)
+

x 1

u =

x +1

+ 3
lim+ 2 ln
x 1
1 x

x +1
x 1+ u 0 ,
1 x

lim f (x) = lim ( 2 ln u + 3) =

x 1

u 0

30

 14
f : * g g(x) = ln
i.

x+2
2x

fog.

ii. h : ( hog ) (x) = x .

iii. h .

i. g , :

Dg =

x+2
> 0 x ( 2, 2 ) . g :
2x

( 2, 2 ) .

: D f = * fog :

x+2
x+2

Dfog= x (2, 2) / n
0 = x (2, 2) /
1=
2x
2x

{x (2, 2) / x 0} = (2, 0) (0, 2) .

ii. (hog)(x) =
x h ( g(x) ) =
x h ln

x+2
x (1)
=
2x

x+2
, :
2x
x2
x2
2e u 2
u ln

e u 2e u xe u x 2 x u
e u + 1 0 ,
e 1
2 x
2 x
u .

u = ln

2e u 2
2e x 2
.
h(x) = x
(1) : h(u) = u
e +1
e +1
iii.

x x .

2
2
2ex 2 e x
2 2e x
2e x 2
x 0 : h(x) x

h(x).
x
x
1

e 1
1
e
1
e
1
ex
h .
31


1
f g :

f (x) 0 x .

A(2, 1) .

1 =1 2 =5 g(x) = 0 .

:
) f .
) g(x) < 0 x (1,5) .

f (3)x 4 + 2x 2 + 1
=
x
g(2)x 3 + 5

) lim

) f f (x) 0 x .
x1 , x 2 f (x1 )f (x 2 ) < 0 .
Bolzano x 0 (x1 , x 2 ) f (x 0 ) = 0
.
f .
) g (1,5) g(x) 0 (1,5) 1 5
g(x) = 0 .
(1,5) . g(2) =1 < 0 . g(x) < 0
x (1,5) .
) : f (2) =1 < 0 . ) f (x) < 0 x .
f (3) < 0 . ) g(2) < 0 .

f (3)
f (3)x 4 + 2x 2 + 1
= lim
x = .
3
x
x g(2)
g(2)x + 5

lim

32

 2
f : (0, +) :

f (x) =2x 4 + 3ln x + 1 .

i.

f .

ii. f .
iii. , f (x) = .
iv. > 0 :

4 +

1 3 1
= ln
2 2

(0, +) . x1 , x 2 (0, +)
i. f D=
f
x1 < x 2 : x1 < x 2 x14 < x 2 4 2x14 < 2x 2 4
x1 < x 2 ln x1 < ln x 2 3ln x1 < 3ln x 2 3ln x1 + 1 < 3ln x 2 + 1
2x14 + 3ln x1 + 1 < 2x 2 4 + 3ln x 2 + 1 f (x1 ) < f (x 2 ) .
f (0, +) .
ii. f (0, +) :

f ((0, +)) = ( lim+ f (x), lim f (x)) .

x +

x 0

lim f (x) = lim+ (2x 4 + 3ln x + 1) = 0 + 1 =

x 0+

x 0

lim f (x) = lim (2x 4 + 3ln x + 1) = (+) + (+) + 1 = +

x +

x +

: f ((0, +)) = ( , +) .
iii. f ,
f (x) = , , .

33

iv. :

1 3 1
4 +=
ln 2 4 +
=
1 3(ln1 ln )
2 2

2 4 + 1 =3ln 2 4 + 3ln + 1 =0 f () =0
> 0 f ( ) =0 .
0 f ((0, +)) f (0, +) .

34

 3
f : : 2f 3 (x) 3 = 2x 3f (x) ,
x .
i.

ii.

f , f
f 1 .

iii.

f (x) = 0 .

iv.

f f 1 .

i. 2f 3 (x) 3 = 2x 3f (x) 2f 3 (x) + 3f (x) = 2x + 3 x .

x = x 0 2f 3 (x 0 ) + 3f (x 0 ) =
2x 0 + 3 .
, :

2 f 3 (x) f 3 (x 0 ) + 3 [ f (x) f (x 0 ) ] = 2(x x 0 )

2(x x 0 )
2 [ f (x) f (x 0 ) ] f 2 (x) + f (x)f (x 0 ) + f 2 (x 0 ) + 3 [ f (x) f (x 0 ) ] =
2(x x 0 )
f (x) f (x 0 ) =
2
2 f (x) + f (x)f (x 0 ) + f 2 (x 0 ) + 3
2f 2 (x) + 2f (x)f (x 0 ) + 2f 2 (x 0 ) + 3 0, f (x)
:

=
4f 2 (x 0 ) 42(2f 2 (x=
4f 2 (x 0 ) 16f 2 (x 0=
) 24
0 ) + 3)
12f 2 (x 0 ) 24 =
12 f 2 (x o ) + 2 < 0
: f (x) f (x 0 )
=

2 x x0
2 x x0 .
2f (x) + 2f (x)f (x 0 ) + 2f 2 (x 0 ) + 3
2

2 x x 0 f (x) f (x 0 ) 2 x x 0
lim
2 x x 0=
2 x x 0=
xlim
0 ,
x x0
x0
:

35

lim[f (x) f (x 0 )] =
0 lim f (x) =
f (x 0 ) .

x x0

x x0

ii. x1 , x 2 R f (x1 ) = f (x 2 ) f 3 (x1 ) =f 3 (x 2 ) 2f 3 (x1 ) =2f 3 (x 2 ) .

f (x1 ) =f (x 2 ) 3f (x1 ) =3f (x 2 ) , :

2f 3 (x1 ) + 3f (x1 )= 2f 3 (x 2 ) + 3f (x 2 ) 2x1 + 3= 2x 2 + 3 x1= x 2 .

f 1-1 . f 1
f .
: f (x) = y x = f 1 (y)
: 2f 3 (x) + 3f (x) = 2x + 3 2y3 + 3y = 2f 1 (y) + 3

2x 3 + 3x 3
, x
=
f (x)
2
1

203 + 30 3
3
=

2
2

0x=
f 1 (0) =
iii. f (x) =

iv. f 1 f ,
y=x.

f 1 (x) =
f (x) f 1 (x) =
x

2x 3 + 3x 3
x
=
2

2x 3 + 3x 3 = 2x 2x 3 + x 3 = 0 x = 1
:
) f f 1
.
) A f Cf Cf 1 , ( ),
y = x .

36

 4
f : [ 1, 2] :

z=

2f (1) + f (2)i
3
5
Im(z) = Re(z) .
1 i
2
2
i.

z + i, , .

ii. : 2f (1) + f (2) =

3.
iii. (1, 2)

f ( ) + 1 2 f ( )
+
=
0
2
+1

i. :

2f (1) + f (2)i ] (1 + i) [ 2f (1) f (2) ] + [ 2f ( 1) + f (2) ] i

[=
=
(1 i)(1 + i)

2f (1) f (2) 2f (1) + f (2)

+
i
2
2

ii. Im(z) =

3
2f (1) + f (2) 3

= 2f (1) + f (2) = 3
2
2
2

iii. 2 1 :

f ( ) + 1 2 f ( )
+
= 0 ( + 1) [ f () + 1] + ( 2) [ 2 f () ]= 0
2
+1

f () + + f () + 1 + 2 f () 4 + 2f () = 0 3f () + 3 3 = 0 .
g(x)= 3f (x) + 3x 3 . g [ 1, 2]
.
:

g(1) = 3f (1) + 3(1) 3 = 3 [ f (1) 2]

g(2)
= 3f (2) + 32 =
3 3f (2) +=
3 3 [3 2f (1) ] +=
3
37

12 6f (1) =6 [ f (1) 2]
: g(1)g(2) =18[f (1) 2]2 0 .
:

g(1)g(2) = 0 ( g( 1) = 0 g(2) = 0 ) , f (1) =

2 f (2) = 1 (
(ii)). z=

5 3
+ i .
2 2

g(1)g(2) < 0 Bolzano

(1, 2) ,
g()= 0 3f () + 3 3= 0
( + 1) [ f () + 1] + ( 2) [ 2 f () ]= 0

f ( ) + 1 2 f ( )
+
=
0
2
+1
(1, 2) .

38

 5
f :
A(1, 0) B(2,3) .
i.

f .

ii. f .
iii. f (2e x + 1) =
3.
iv. f (3x + 5) 0 .

i. f 1 < 2 f (1) = 0 < f (2) = 3 , f

.

0 f ( 1-1)
ii. : f (1) =
f . :
x < 1 f (x) < f (1) f (x) < 0

x > 1 f (x) > f (1) f (x) > 0 .

f (x) < 0 x (, 1) f (x) > 0 x (1, +) .

iii. f 1-1 :

f (2e x + 1) =3 f (2e x + 1) = f (2) 2e x + 1 = 2

1
1
2e x =
1 ex = x =
ln x =
ln 2
2
2
iv. f :

f (3x + 5) 0 f (3x + 5) f (1) 3x + 5 1 3x 6 x 2 .

39

2 + 2i, z 2 =
2 2i z = xz1 xz 2 , x , x 0
: z1 =
2

z
:
f (x) =
z1z 2 x 2
i.

lim f (x)

x +

ii.

lim f (x)

iii.

1
lim f
x +
x

x 0

i. : z = x(2 + 2i) x(2 2i) = (2x 2x) + (2x + 2x)i ,

z = (2x 2x) 2 + (2x + 2x) 2=

2

4 2 x + 4x 2 8xx + 4 2 x + 4x 2 + 8xx = 8 2 x + 8x 2
z1z 2 = (2 + 2i)(2 2i) = 4 + 4 = 8
8 2 x + 8x 2 x

=
f (x)
=
+1
8x 2
x
2

x 2
8 2 x + 8x 2
lim
=

+ 1 = 0 + 1 = 1
x +
x +
8x 2
x

lim f (x) = lim

x +

x
=
x

x
1
1
1
1 x 1
0, lim

= 0 ,
lim=

x +
x + x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
=0.
x + x

, lim

x 2 2
ii. lim f (x) = lim
+ 1 = 1 + 1 = 2
x 0
x 0
x

1
x + 1
iii. =
lim f lim =

x +
x x + 1

y 2
lim =
+ 1 2
1
= y 0 y

40

2x +
z =
i.

2i
,x.
x +i

z + i .

ii. lim Re(z) .

x

iii. : lim Im(z)x

x + 2

2x +
i. : z =

2i
2i(x i)
2xi + 2
=
2x + 2
=
2x + 2
=
x +i
x +1
x +1

2
2x

2x + 2 + 2 i
x +1 x +1

ii. lim Re(z) = lim 2x +

x
x

2
= + 0 =
x +1
2

iii. x > 0 , : lim Im(z)

=
x
x + 2

xx
1 2x

x lim
=
lim 2=
x
+
x2 +1
2 x +1

x +

x 1
xx
lim

1 0
= lim
= 0=
x +
1
1 x + x
2

+
1
x 1 + 2

x2
x

x
=
x

x
1
1 x 1

x
x
x
x
x

1
1
lim =
lim

0
x + =
x +
x
x
lim

x +

x
=0.
x

41

27
f [3,3] 3x 2 + 4f 2 (x) =
x [3,3] .
i. f (x) = 0 .
ii. f (3,3) .
iii. f .
iv. f (1) = 6 lim

f (x)

x 0

3 3
2 .

i. f (x) = 0 , :

32 + 4f 2 () = 27 2 = 9 = 3 = 3 .
ii. f , [3,3] , (3,3)
, (3,3) .
iii.

27 :
f (x) < 0 , 3x 2 + 4f 2 (x) =
f (x) =

27 :
f (x) > 0 , 3x 2 + 4f 2 (x) =

=
f (x)

=
iv. f (1)
=
f (x)

27 3x 2
, x [3,3]
2

27 3x 2
, x [3,3]
2

6 > 0 (3) :
27 3x 2
, x [3,3] .
2

3 3
27 3x 2 3 3
f (x)

27 3x 2 3 3
2
2
2

=
lim
lim
=
lim
=
x 0
x 0
x 0
x
x
2x

27 3x 2 27
3x
lim= lim
= 0
x 0
2x( 27 3x 2 + 3 3) x 0 2( 27 3x 2 + 3 3)
42

 9
f : [ 0, + ) :

x 2 + 2x + 9 3 + xf (x) x 8

i.

: lim
x 0

2 x
+ + 3 x > 0 . :
x 3

x 2 + 2x + 9 3
.
2x

ii. : lim x 7
x 0

2
.
x

iii. : lim f (x) .

x 0

iv. f (0) .

x 2 + 2x + 9 3
x 2 + 2x + 9 9
i. lim
=
=
lim
x 0
x 0
2x
2x x 2 + 2x + 9 + 3

lim
x 0

2x

x ( x + 2)
x 2 + 2x + 9 + 3

ii.

1
6

2
1 x 0 , :
x

2
2
2
x 7 = x 7 x 7 x 7 x 7 x 7
x
x
x

lim x 7 = lim x 7= 0
x 0

x 0

lim x 7
x 0

2
=0
x

iii. x > 0 :

x 2 + 2x + 9 3 + xf (x) x 8

2 x
+ +3
x 3

43

x + 2x + 9 3
f (x)
x
2

2 x
+
x 3
x

x 8

x 2 + 2x + 9 3
x 2 + 2x + 9 3 1
lim
2=
lim
=
( i ).
x 0
x 0
x
2x
3
2 x
+
x 3 = lim x 7 2 + 1 = 0 + 1= 1 ( ii )

x 0
x
x 3
3 3

x 8
lim
x 0

lim f (x) =
x 0

1
3

iv. f [ 0, + ) , x = 0 .

f (0) lim
f (x)
=
=
x 0

1
.
3

44

 10
f : : (fof )(x) + 2f (x) =
2x + 1 x
f (2) = 5 .
i.

f (5) .

ii. f .
iii. f 1 (2) .

iv. : f f 1 (2x 2 + 7x) 1 =

2.

i. (fof )(x) + 2f (x) =

2x + 1 x x = 2 :

f (f (2)) + 2f (2) =22 + 1 f (5) + 10 =5 f (5) =5

ii. x1 , x 2 f (x1 ) = f (x 2 ) , :

f (x1 ) =
f (x 2 ) f (f (x1 )) =
f (f (x 2 )) ( f )
f (x1 ) =f (x 2 ) 2f (x1 ) =2f (x 2 )
) f (f (x 2 )) + 2f (x 2 ) 2x1 + =
1 2x 2 + 1 x=
x2
f (f (x1 )) + 2f (x1=
1
f 1 1 , .
iii. x f 1 (2) :

f (f (f 1 (2))) + 2f (f 1=
(2)) 2f 1 (2) + 1 f (2)=
+ 4 2f 1 (2) + 1
1
5 +=
4 1 2f 1 (2) f =
(2) 4 .

iv. :

f (f 1 (2x 2 + 7x) 1) =
2 f 1 (2x 2 + 7x) 1 =
f 1 (2)
f 1 (2x 2 + 7x) =
5 2x 2 + 7x =
f (5) 2x 2 + 7x + 5 =
0
5
x1 = 1 x 2 = .
2
45

 11
f : [ 2,5] , z =

f (2) i
g
2 + f (5)i

g(x)
= 2f (2x + 1) + f (x + 1) .
i.

z + i .

ii.

z f (5) = 2f (2) .

iii.

g .

i. :

=
z

f (2) i
=
2 + f (5)i

f (5)i ]
[f (2) i][ 2 =
4 + f (5)
2

0
ii. z Re(z) =

2f (2) f (5) f (2)f (5) + 2

i
4 + f 2 (5)
4 + f 2 (5)

2f (2) f (5)
=
0 f (5) =
2f (2) .
4 + f 2 (5)

iii. :

2 x 2
2 2x + 1 5
1 2x 4

1 x 2 .
2 x +1 5
1 x 4
1 x 4

D g = [1, 2] .

46

 12
f : f (x) = 2 z xi + 1 x , z
z = 2 2 < Im(z) < 2 . :

f (x)
= 2 x 2 2 Im(z)x + 4 + 1 x

i.

ii. f .
iii. x 0 ( 0,5 ) , f (x 0 ) = 6

i. : z xi =(z xi)(z + xi) = z + zxi xzi + x 2

2

z xi = x 2 + (z z)xi + 4
2

z xi =

x 2 2 Im(z)x + 4.

f (x)
= 2 x 2 2 Im(z)x + 4 + 1 x ( <0, ,

2 < Im(z) < 2 )

ii. f f1 (x) =
x 2 2 Im(z)x + 4

f 2=
(x) 2 x + 1
x , : (f 2 of1 )(x)
= f 2 (f1 (x))
= 2 x 2 2 Im(z)x + 4 =
+ 1 f (x)
iii. : f (0) = 5 f (5)= 2 z 5i + 1 2 z 5i + 1= 7
f [ 0,5] ( ii),
f f (0) = 5 7 ( f (5) 7 ).

x 0 ( 0,5 ) , f (x 0 ) = 6

47

 13
f : f 2 (x) = 2x + 2 x + 1

x , * .

f .

i.

ii. f (0) = 2 f .

2f (x) 3x
, < 2.
x + 32 x + 43x

iii. : lim

2f (x) 3x
,>3
x 32 x + 43x

iv. : lim

i. f 2 (x) = 2x + 2 x + 1 = x + 1

0 x

f f (x) 0 x , f
.
ii. f (0) = 2 f (x) < 0 x

f (x) = x + 1 = x 1

2f (x) 3x
=
x + 32 x + 43x

iii. lim

2 x 2 3x
lim
=
x + 32 x + 43x
x
x

1
3 2 2 1
3
3
= 1 , 0 < < 1, 0 < 1 < 1 0 < 2 < 1
lim
x
x +
4
3
3
3
2

3x 3 + 4
3

2
1
lim
=
=
=
xlim
xlim
0
+ 3
+ 3
x + 3



x

48

2f (x) 3x
=
x 32 x + 43x

iv. lim

2 x 2 3x
=
x 32 x + 43x
lim

x
x
x
1 3
2 2 2
2 2

3
1
2
= , > 1, > 1 0 < < 1
lim
x
x
2
2
2

3
2 x 3 + 4
2

3
1
lim
=
lim
=
0 lim = +

x 2
x 2
x 2

x

49

 14
f : : x 4 + 1 4f (x) x 4 + 2
x .
i. :

1
1
1
3
f (0) f (1) .
4
2
2
4

ii. : lim x 4 f .
x 0
x

1
x 5f + 43x
x
iii. : lim
.
x 0
2x 2 + 3x
iv. [ 0,1] , f () = 0 .

i. x 4 + 1 4f (x) x 4 + 2 x
x = 0 , :

1 4f (0) 2

1
1
f (0)
4
2

x = 1 , :

2 4f (1) 3

1
3
f (1)
2
4

ii. x 0 , x
4

1
:
x

1 1 4
1 1 4
1
1 1
4 1
+ 1 4f + 2 + x x f + x
4 4
x
x x
x 4 2

1 1 4 1
1 1 1
lim + x 4 =
+ x =

x
0
4 4 4
4 2 4

: lim
x 0

1 1
=
x 4

: lim x 4 f
x 0

50

iii. :

3x 1
1
1
x 5f + 43x
x 4f + 4
+ 43
49
x
x
x

4
= lim
= =
lim
2
x 0
x 0
x
2x + 3x
0+3
12
2x + 3
x

3x
3x
u
1 1
= 3lim
= 3lim = 3=
1 3
= ( ii), lim
x 0
x 0 3x
u 0 u
x
x 4

lim x 4 f
x 0

iv. g(x)
= f (x) x
g [ 0,1] . :

g(0)g(1)
= f (0)[ f (1) 1] < 0

1
1
1
3
f (0) f (0) > 0 f (1) f (1) < 1 .
4
2
2
4

Bolzano (0,1)

g()= 0 f () = 0

51

 15
i. lim
x 0

2f (x) 4
= 2, lim f (x) .
x 0
x

ii. g : :

xg(x) + 2 2x x + x, x .
lim g(x) , .
x 0

x 2 f 2 (x) + 2 (2x)
x 0
2 x + x 2 g(x)

iii. : lim

=
i. : h(x)

2f (x) 4
xh(x) + 4
f (x)
=
x
2

, :

xh(x) + 4
=
= 2
lim f (x) lim
x 0
x 0
2
ii. :

xg(x) + 2 2x x + x , x : xg(x) 2x x + x 2

x > 0 , : g(x)

2x x + x 2
2(x 1) x
g(x)

+ 1
x
x
x

lim+ g(x) 20 1 + 1 lim+ g(x) 0.

x 0

x < 0 , : g(x)

x 0

2x x + x 2
2(x 1) x
g(x)

+ 1
x
x
x

lim g(x) 20 1 + 1 lim+ g(x) 0.

x 0+

x 0

lim g(x) = 0
x 0

52

iii. :

2 (2x)
2 2
+
x

f
(x)

x 2 4 + 4
x 2 f 2 (x) + 2 (2x)

=
= = 8.
lim
lim
2
x 0
x 0
2 x + x 2 g(x)
1+ 0

x 2
+ g(x)
x

(2x)
2 (2x)
2 (2x)
u
=
=
lim
li
m
4
4 lim=
4=
lim

4
2
2
x 0
x 0
u 0
x
(2 x)
x 0 (2x)
u
2

x
1 x
lim

=
=
lim

x 0
x
0
x
x x
2

53

 16

4x 1 x .
f : : 3f (x) + 2f 3 (x) =+
i.

f f 1 .

ii. f 1 .
iii. f f 1 ,
y = x .

1
iv. : f 2e x =
f (3 x ) .

i. x1 , x 2 f (x1 ) = f (x 2 ) , :

f (x1 ) =f (x 2 ) f 3 (x1 ) =f 3 (x 2 ) 2f 3 (x1 ) =2f 3 (x 2 )

f (x1 ) =f (x 2 ) 3f (x1 ) =3f (x 2 )
2f 3 (x1 ) + 3f (x1=
) 2f 3 (x 2 ) + 3f (x 2 ) 4x1 + 1= 4x 2 + 1
f 1 1 , .
x f 1 (x) :

=
3f ( f 1 (x) ) + 2 f ( f 1 (x)
) 4f 1 (x) + 1
3

3x +=
2x 3 4f 1 (x) + 1
f 1 (x) =

2x 3 + 3x 1
.
4

ii. x1 , x 2 R x1 < x 2 :

x1 < x 2 x13 < x 23 2x13 < 2x 23

x1 < x 2 3x1 < 3x 2 3x1 1 < 3x 2 1

2x13 + 3x1 1 < 2x 23 + 3x 2 1

2x13 + 3x1 1 2x 23 + 3x 2 1
<

4
4
54

f 1 (x1 ) < f 1 (x 2 ),
f 1 .
iii. :

f 1 (x) =
f (x) f 1 (x) =
x
2x 3 + 3x 1
= x 2x 3 x 1 = 0 x = 1.
4
iv. f 1 1 , :

f (2e x 1 ) = f (3 x) 2e x 1 = 3 x 2e x 1 + x 3 = 0 (1)
(1) x = 1 .

= 2e x 1 + x 3 . x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 :
g(x)
x1 < x 2 x1 1 < x 2 1 e x1 1 < e x 2 1 2e x1 1 < 2e x 2 1
x1 < x 2 x1 3 < x 2 3
2e x1 1 + x1 3 < 2e x 2 1 + x 2 3 g(x1 ) < g(x 2 )
g . x = 1 .

55

 17
f
=
z f (x) + 2(x)i ,
: z 2 Re(z) Im(z) + 3x = x 2 + 10 .
2

g(x)
= f (x) 2x .

i.

ii. f f (0) = 10 .

f (x) + x 1 10
x 0
x

iii. lim

i. :

z = x 2 3x + 2 Re(z) Im(z) + 10
2

f 2 (x) + 4 2=
x x 2 3x + 4f (x)x + 10

[f (x) 2x ]=
2

x 2 3x + 10 (1)

g , x1 , x 2 R
: g(x1 )g(x 2 ) < 0

, Bolzano x 0 ( x1 , x 2 )

g(x 0 ) = 0 .
(1)

: g(x 0 ) =0 g 2 (x 0 ) =0 x 0 2 3x 0 + 10 =0 ( = 31 < 0 )

ii. : f=
(0)

(x)
10 > 0 , (i) : f =

x 2 3x + 10 + 2x

iii. :

f (x) + x 10 1
x 2 3x + 10 + 2x + x 10 1
=
lim
x 0
x 0
x
x

lim

= lim
x 0

x 2 3x + 10 10
2x
x 1
+ lim
+ lim
=
x 0
x 0
x
x
x

56

= lim
x 0

x 2 3x
x 2 3x + 10 + 10

0
+ 21 +=

3
+2
2 10

57

 18
f (x)=
i.

x + 1 1 g(x)= 2 x .

f g .

ii. fog.
iii. f f 1 .
iv. fofog.

i. f , : x + 1 0 x 1
: D f =

[ 1, + ) .

g : D g = ()
ii. fog :

Dfog=

{x / 2 x 1=
} {x / x 3=
} ( ,3]

x ( ,3] :

( fog ) (x)=

f ( g(x) )=

2 x + 1 1=

3 x 1

iii. x1 , x 2 [ 1, + ) :

f (x1=
) f (x 2 ) x1 + 1 =
1

x 2 + 1 1 x=
x2 .
1

, f .
f (x)= y y=

x + 1 1 y + 1=

x + 1 , ( y 1 ) x = (y + 1) 2 1

f 1 (x) = ( x + 1) 1 x 1
2

iv. x1 , x 2 [ 1, + ) x1 < x 2 :

x1 < x 2 x1 + 1 < x 2 + 1 x1 + 1 1 < x 2 + 1 1 f (x1 ) < f (x 2 ) .

f . x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 :
58

x1 < x 2 2 x1 > 2 x 2 g(x1 ) > g(x 2 ) .

g .

Dfofog = Dfo(fog) =

{x (,3] /

3 x 1 1 = (,3] .

x1 , x 2 ( ,3]

x1 < x 2

g .

) (

g(x1 ) > g(x 2 )

f .

f (g(x1 )) > f (g(x 2 ))

f f ( g ( x1 ) ) > f f ( g ( x 2 ) ) .
fofog ( ,3] .

59

 19

2x + x

,
x<0

x x2

f f (x) =
x=
0
,

2
8x + x + 16 3x, x > 0
i.

, .

ii. : lim f (x) .

x +

iii. : lim f (x) .

x

iv. =
f (x) 2 ln(8x + 1)
( 0,1) .

i. f , x 0 = 0

f : x =
0 lim f (x) =
lim+ f (x) =
f (0)
x 0

x 0

x
2 +
2x + x
x = 2 + 1 = 2 +
lim f (x) = lim
= xlim
2

x 0
x 0
0
xx
1 x
1

lim
f (x) lim+
=

x 0

x 0

8x 2 + x + 16
=
3x 4

f (0) =
: =4 2 + = 4 = 2

2x + 2x

,
x<0

x x2

ii. =2 =4 : f (x) =
4,
x = 0 :

2
8x + x + 16 3x, x > 0

60

lim
=
f (x) lim

x +

x +

8x 2 + x + 16
=
3x
lim

x +

8x 2 + x + 16 9x 2
=
8x 2 + x + 16 + 3x

1 16

x 2 1 + + 2
1
x x

= ( + )
lim
=
x +

1 16
8 +3
x 8 + + 2 + 3
x x

iii. :

lim

2x + 2x
= lim
x
x x2

x
=
x

lim
x

x= lim 1 2 + 2 x=

0,

1 x
x
1 x

2+2

x
1
1 x 1

x
x
x
x
x

x
1
1
=0
=
= 0 , : lim
xlim
x

x
x
x

iv. g(x) = f (x) 2 ln(8x + 1), x [ 0,1]

g [ 0,1] ( )
:

g(0)= f (0)= 4 > 0

e
g(1) =
f (1) 2 ln 9 =
2 2 ln 9 =
2 ln < 0
9
Bolzano g(x) =
0 f (x) =
2 ln(8x + 1)
(0,1) .

61

 20

x 2 5x + 6
4(x 3 2x 2 ) , x (, 0) (0, 2)

f f (x) =
g : {0,1}
x + 1

,
x (2, +)
2
2( x 4)
:

xg(x) + 2x
= 5 g(x + 3)= g(x) + f (x) x
x 0
3x

lim

:
i.

lim f (x) .
x 2

ii. lim f (x) .

x 0

iii. lim g(x) .

x 0

iv. lim g(x) .

x 3

i. : lim f (x) = lim

x 2

x 2

lim+ f (x) = lim+

x 2

x 2

x 2 5x + 6
(x 2)(x 3)
1
= lim
=
3
2
2
4(x 2x ) x 2 4x (x 2)
16

x + 1
2(x 2)(x + 2)

: lim+ ( x + 1) = 2 + 1
x 2

lim+ 2(x 2)(x + 2) =

0
x 2

2 + 1 0

1
lim+ f (x) = + .
x 2
2

2 + 1 = 0 =

1
:
2

62

1
x +1
(x 2)
1
2
=
=
=
.
lim+ f (x) lim
lim
+
+
x 2
x 2 2(x 2)(x + 2)
x 2 4(x 2)(x + 2)
16
lim f (x) =
x 1

1
2

( x 2 )( x 3) =
x 2 5x + 6
= lim
3
2
x 0 4 x 2x
(
) x0 4x 2 ( x 2 )

ii. : lim f (x) = lim

x 0

iii. :

=
h(x)

xg(x) + 2x
=
xg(x) 3xh(x) 2x x 0 :
3x
3xh(x) 2x
1
1
= 35lim
2 lim
= 15 2 = 13
x 0
x 0 x
x 0 x
x
x
x

lim g(x) = lim

x 0

iv. : lim g(x)

x 3

x= u + 3

lim g(u + 3) = lim [ g(u) + f (u) ] = 13 + () =

u 0

u 0

63


1
f :

f (x) =
2x 5 z x 3 + 2 z , x , z C*
5

) f .
) f .
) f (x) = 0 ( 0, z ) .

f (x) + 2 z
) lim
= 1 , ,
x 0
3 x
z .
5

) x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 :

x1 < x 2 x15 < x 25 2x15 > 2x 25

x1 < x 2 x13 < x 23 z x13 > z x 23

z x13 + 2 z > z x 23 + 2 z .
5

2x15 z x13 + 2 z > 2x 25 z x 23 + 2 z f (x1 ) > f (x 2 ) .

5

f .
) f , ,
:

f () = lim f (x), lim f (x) . :

x +

lim f (x)= lim 2x 5 z x 3 + 2 z =

x +

x +

lim ( 2x 5 ) = 2 ( + ) =

x +

lim f (x)= lim 2x 5 z x 3 + 2 z =

64

lim ( 2x 5 ) = 2 ( ) = +

: f (R) =

( , + )

) f 0, z , :

f=
(0) 2 z > 0

f(z)=
2 z z + 2 z =
z <0

Bolzano f (x) = 0 ( 0, z ) f
( 0, z ) .

f (x) + 2 z
) lim
=
x 0
3 x
5

2x 5 + z x 3 2 z + 2 z
lim
=
x 0
3 x
5

x 3 ( 2x 2 + z )
2x 2 + z
z
= lim
=
= 1
lim
3
3
x 0
x 0
x
1
x

x
z , .

65

= 3ln 2x + e3x + 4x 2 .
f f (x)
f .

i.

ii. : lim f (x) lim f (x) .

x +

x 0

iii. f (x) = e 2
iv. :

+ 1) e3(
3ln 4 3ln(2 2 + 2) 4( 2 =

+1)

e6 8

(0, +) . x1 , x 2 (0, +) x1 < x 2 :

i. f D=
f

x1 < x 2 2x1 < 2x 2 ln2x1 < ln2x 2 3ln2x1 < 3ln2x 2

x1 < x 2 3x1 < 3x 2 e3x1 < e3x 2

x1 < x 2 4x1 < 4x 2 4x1 2 < 4x 2 2.

3ln2x1 + e3x1 + 4x1 2 < 3ln2x 2 + e3x 2 + 4x 2 2 f (x1 ) < f (x 2 ).
f (0, +) .
ii.:

lim f (x) = lim(3ln 2x + e3x + 4x 2) = + 1 + 0 2 =

x 0

x 0

lim ln 2x = lim ln u = , lim

=
e3x lim
=
eu 1 .
x 0

u 0

x 0

u 0

lim f (x) = lim (3ln 2x + e3x + 4x 2) = + lim ln 2x = lim ln u = +

x +

x +

x +

u +

lim e3x = lim e u = +

x +

u +

66

3
2

1
2

1
, ( f 1-1)
2

iii. f (x) = e f (x) = f x =

.
iv. :

+ 1) e3(
3ln4 3ln(2 2 + 2) 4( 2 =
3ln4 + e6 + 8=
3ln2( 2 + 1) + e3(

+1)

+1)

e6 8

+ 4( 2 + 1)

3ln2(2) + e3(2 ) + 4(2) =

2 3ln2( 2 + 1) + e3(

+1)

+ 4( 2 + 1) 2

f (2) = f ( 2 + 1) 2 + 1 = 2 = 1 ( ).

67

 3
f : :

1 2
x , x .
2

3x 2xf (x)

4f (x) + 3f (x + 1)= 2x 2 2013 , x .

i. lim f (x) .
x 0

ii. f (1) .
iii. f
g(x)= x 1 x 0 (0,1) .

i. : 3x 2xf (x)

1 2
x , x
2

x > 0, : 3x 2xf (x)

1 2
1
1
x x 2 3x 2xf (x) x 2
2
2
2

1
3 x
1
3 x
x+
f (x) x +
4
2 x
4
2 x
3 x 3
3 x 3
1
1
x+
x+
= xlim
=
+
0
2 x 2
4
2 x 2
4

: lim+
x 0

x < 0 , :

1
3 x
1
3 x
3 x 3
1
x+
f (x) x +
lim x +
=
x 0
4
2 x
4
2 x
4
2 x 2

3 x 3
1
x+
=
2 x 2
4

lim
x 0

lim f (x) =

x 0

3
2

f (x) lim
f (x)
=
=
lim
+

x 0

x 0

3
3
lim f (x) = .
x 0
2
2

68

ii. 4f (x) + 3f (x + 1)= 2x 2 2013 x R x = 0

: 4f (0) + 3f (1) =
2013. f :

f (0) lim
f (x)
=
=
x 0

3
.
2

3
2

2013 f (1) =
673 .
4 + 3f (1) =

iii. x o (0,1) , f (x 0 ) = g(x 0 ) f (x 0 ) g(x 0 ) = 0

h(x) =
f (x) g(x), x [0,1] . :

h(0) = f (0) g(0) =

3
1
1 = > 0
2
2

h(1) =
f (1) g(1) =
673 < 0
673
<0
2

: h(0)h(1) =

h [0,1], ,
Bolzano x 0 (0,1) , f (x 0 ) = g(x 0 ) .

69

 4
f f (x) =
2 z + 2x 3 z , z C
i.

f .

ii. f .
iii. f f 1
y = x , z.
iv. z1 , z 2 ,
7 z1 z 2 2 .

i. :

2x 3 z 0 x
3

3
z.
2

=
Df z , +
2

ii. x1 , x 2 D f x1 < x 2 :

x1 < x 2 2x1 < 2x 2 2x1 3 z < 2x 2 3 z

2x1 3 z < 2x 2 3 z 2 z + 2x1 3 z =

2 z + 2x 2 3 z

f (x1 ) < f (x 2 ) .
f 1-1 .
iii. f x D f :

f (x)= f 1 (x) f (x)= x 2 z + 2x 3 z = x

2x 3 z = 2 z + x 2x 3 z = 4 z + x 2 + 4 z x
2

x 2 + 2 ( 2 z 1) x + 4 z + 3 z =
0
2

: = 0 ( Cf , Cf 1 )
70

4 4 z 4 z + 1 16 z 12 z = 0 z =
2

1
7

0 ( 0, 0 ) =

1
7

iv. z1 , z 2 :

1
z1 z 2 2 7 z1 z 2 2
7

71

 5
f : z = 1 + f (2)i
z + 9i = 3 z + i .
:
i.

z =3

ii.

f 2 (2) = 8

iii. x 0 (0, 2) , : 3x 0 f 2 (x 0 ) + 9 =
8x 0 .

i. :

z + 9i = 3 z + i z + 9i = 9 z + i ( z + 9i )( z 9i )= 9 ( z + i )( z i )
2

z 9zi + 9zi + 81 = 9 z 9zi + 9zi + 9

2

8 z = 72 z = 3
2

ii. : z = 3 1 + f (2)i = 9 1 + f 2 (2) = 9 f 2 (2) = 8

2

= 3xf 2 (x) 8x + 9
iii. g(x)
g [ 0, 2] . g(0)= 8 > 0 g(2) =6f 2 (2) 64 + 9 =7 < 0 .
g(0)g(2) < 0 , Bolzano, x 0 ( 0, 2 )

g(x 0 ) = 0 3x 0 f 2 (x 0 ) + 9 = 8x 0

72

x 1
+ z + 3i ,
x < 1
2
x 1
f f (x) =
1
(x 1)

+ z 1 + 4i , x > 1
x 1
4
lim f (x) :
x 1

i. z .
ii.
.
iii. ( 0,1) 4e+1 = 15 z + 1 .

i. lim f (x) : lim f (x) = lim+ f (x)

x 0

x 1

x 1

x 1

z + 3i
x 2 1 +=

: =
lim f (x) lim
x 1

lim

x 1

x 1

x 1
1
+ z + 3i = + z + 3i
4
(x 1)(x + 1)( x + 1)

(x 1)
u
1 (x 1)
1
= 1
lim+ f (x) = lim+
+ z 1 + 4i = + z 1 + 4i lim+ = lim
u 0 u
x 1
x 1
x 1 4
x 1
x 1
4

1
1
2
2
+ z + 3i = + z 1 + 4i z + 3i = z 1 + 4i
4
4

( z + 3i )( z 3i ) = ( z 1 + 4i )( z 1 4i )
z 3zi + 3zi + 9 = z z 4zi z + 1 + 4i + 4zi 4i + 16
2

zi zi =z z + 8

(z z)i + z + z = 8
73

2y + 2x = 8 x y 4 = 0
z : x y 4 =
0

ii. M(x 0 , y 0 ) . M

0 2 ,
1 : x y 4 =
. :
x .
1 2 = 1 2 = 1 , 2 : y =
0
x y 4 =

y = x

2
(x =

y = 2 )

M(2, 2)

iii. g(x) =4e x +1 15x z 1 .

: g(0) = 4e 1 > 0

z d(0, 1=
) 2 2
15 z 30 2 4e 2 15 z 4e 2 30 2
4e 2 15 z 1 4e 2 30 2 1 g(1) < 0.
Bolzano (0,1) ,

g() = 0 4e+1 = 15 z + 1

74

 7

z 2 2f (4) + 3i .
=
z1 3f (2) + 2i =
i. Re(z1 z2 ) .
ii. Im(z1 z2 )
iii. z1 z2 f (x) = 0
( 2, 4 )

iv. Re(z1 z2 ) > 0 z1 z2 .

i. :

z=
1 z2

3i ] [ 6f (2)f (4) + 6] + [ 9f (2) + 4f (4) ] i

[3f (2) + 2i ][ 2f (4) =

Re(z1 z2 ) 6f (2)f (4) + 6

=
9f (2) + 4f (4)
ii. (i) : Im(z1 z2 ) =
0 f (2)f (4) =
1 ( (i))
iii. z1 z2 : Re(z1 z2 ) =
f [ 2, 4] .

Bolzano f ( 2, 4 )
, .

4
9

0 f (2) =f (4) ( (ii)).

iv. z1 z2 , Im(z1 z2 ) =
6f (2)f (4)=
+6
Re(z=
1 z2 )

8 2
f (4) + 6 > 0
3

75

 8
2
f : R R :
=
x x 2 f (x) + 1 + 2 x

1
2

x (1) A 0,
i.

ii.

=1 =1 f .

iii.

: lim

f (x)
.
x 0 x

i. A Cf , f (0)=

1
= 1
2

2
(1) =1 :
=
x x 2 f (x) + 1 + 2 x 1 x 0 :

f (x) =

2 x + 1 1 + 2 x
:
x2

x 2
1
2 x
lim f (x) = lim
lim
+
=

x 0
x 0
x 0 2
2
x 1 + 1 + 2 x
x

f 0, :

1 1
lim f (x)= f (0) =
= 1
x 0
2 2
ii. (1) = = 1 : =
2 x x 2 f (x) + 1 + 2 x 1 .

x 0 : f (x) =
: f (0) =

2 x + 1 1 + 2 x
.
x2

1
2

2 x + 1 1 + 2 x
, x0

x2

f (x) =

,
x=0
2

76

iii. :

1 x 2
1 1 + 2 x
2 x + 1 1 + 2 x
f (x)
lim
lim

lim
= lim
=
+
=

2
x 0 x
x 0
x 0 x
x 2 x
x x 0 x x

1 + lim
x 0

2 x
x x(1 + 1 + x )
2

=1

1 1
=
2 2

77

 9
f f (x) =

x 3 2 x + 32 x 4
2x

i.

f .

ii.

lim f (x) .

iii.

lim f (x)

iv.

f (x) = .

x +

i. f , 2 x 0 x .
:

f (x) =

x 3 2 x + 32 x 4
1
= x3 + 3 4
x
2
2

x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 : x1 < x 2 x13 < x 23 x13 + 3 < x 23 + 3

1
2

x1

2
1
2
1
1
1
4 < 4 ,
2
2
2

x1 < x 2 >
x

1
.
2
x

1
2
1
1
x + 3 4 < x 23 + 3 4 f (x1 ) < f (x 2 )
2
2

3
1

f .
ii. :
x

1
lim f (x) = lim x 3 + 3 4 = () + 3 4(+) = ,
x
x
2

0 <

1
1
< 1 : lim = + .

x
2
2

78

x
1
2

iii. : lim f (x) = lim x 3 + 3 4 = (+) + 3 40 = + ,

x +
x +

0 <

1
1
< 1 : lim = 0.
x + 2
2

iv. f ( ),

f () =

( lim f (x), lim f (x) ) =

x

x +

(, +) .

f , f (x) =
f , .

: 05/04/2012

79


3:

1
f x0 ,
.

f ( x0 )
x x0 f ( x )=

f ( x ) f ( x0 )
x x0

( x x0 ) ,

f ( x ) f ( x0 )

lim f (=
x ) f ( x0 ) lim
x x0 )
(
x x0
x x0
x x0

= lim

x x0

f ( x ) f ( x0 )
x x0

lim ( x =
x0 ) f ( x0=
)0 0 ,

x x0

f x0 . , lim f ( x ) = f ( x0 ) , f
x x0

x0 .

 2
f .

f ( x ) = 0 x , f

x1 , x2 f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 ) .

x1 = x2 , f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 ) .

x1 < x2 , [ x1 , x2 ] f
. ( x1 , x2 ) ,

f ( ) =

f ( x1 ) f ( x2 )
x1 x2

(1)

, f ( ) = 0 , ,
(1),

f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 ) .

x1 > x2 , f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 ) .

f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 ) .

 3
i. f . f ( x ) > 0
, f

ii. =
y x + f
+ ;

i. x1 , x2 x1 < x2 . f ( x1 ) < f ( x2 ) .
, [ x1 , x2 ] f ...
( x1 , x2 ) ,
f ( ) =

f ( x2 ) f ( x1 )
x2 x1

f ( x2 ) f ( x1=
) f ( )( x2 x1 ) .
f ( ) > 0 x2 x1 > 0 , f ( x2 ) f ( x1 ) > 0 ,
f ( x1 ) < f ( x2 ) .

y x + f
ii. =
+ ,

lim f ( x ) ( x + ) =
0.

x +

 4
i. f,g .

f,g

f ( x ) = g ( x )
c , x

f=
( x) g ( x) + c
ii. ;

i. f g

(f

g ) ( x ) = f ( x ) g ( x ) = 0

, f g
. c , x

f ( x) g ( x) =
c , f=
( x) g ( x) + c .
ii. ... f [ , ] ,
( , ) ,

)
( , f ( ) ) B ( , f ( ) ) .

f M , f ( )

 5
i. f x0
.
x0
, f ( x0 ) = 0 .
ii. x0
;

i. f x0 .
x0 f
, > 0 , ( x0 , x0 + )

f ( x ) f ( x0 ) , x ( x0 , x0 + ) (1)
, , f x0 ,

f ( x ) f ( x0 )
f ( x ) f ( x0 )
=
=
f ( x0 ) lim
lim
.
x x0
x x0 +
x x0
x x0
,

x ( x0 , x0 ) , (1),
lim
x x0

f ( x ) f ( x0 )
x x0

x ( x0 , x0 + ) , (1),
lim
x x0

f ( x ) f ( x0 )
x x0

f ( x ) f ( x0 )
x x0

0,

(2)

f ( x ) f ( x0 )
x x0

0,

(3)

(2) (3) f ( x0 ) = 0 .
.

ii. f x0
,

lim

x x0

f ( x ) f ( x0 )
x x0

 6
i. f ( x ) = x . f
R f ( x ) = x
ii. Rolle;

i. , x R h 0 :

f ( x + h ) f ( x ) ( x + h ) ( x ) x h x h x
= =
=
h
h
h

h 1
h
x
x
,
h

lim
h 0

f ( x + h) f ( x)
h 1
h

= lim x
lim
x =

h
0
h
0

h
h
h

x 0 x 1 = x .
( x ) = x .

ii. Rolle f [ , ]
( , ) ,

C f M , f ( ) x .

 7
i. f ( x=
) x , N {0,1} .
f R

f ( x ) = x 1 .
ii.
, ;

i. , x0 R , x x0 :

f ( x ) f ( x0 ) x x0
= =
x x0
x x0

( x x0 ) ( x 1 + x 2 x0 ++ x0 1 )

= x 1 + x 2 x0 ++ x0 1 ,

x x0

lim

f ( x ) f ( x0 )
x x0

x x0

1
1
x0 1 ,
lim x 1 + x 2 x0 ++ x0=
x0 1 + x0 1 ++ x=
0

x x0

( ) = x

ii. f , f
.

 8
f ( x ) = ln x , x R * R *
f ( x ) =

1
.
x

=
x
x > 0 , ln

ln x )
) (=

1
, x < 0 , ln =
x ln ( x ) ,
x
=
y ln ( x ) u = x , y = ln u . ,
y=

( ln u )=

1
1
1
( 1=
u=
)
x
u
x

1
ln x = .

 9
f ( , ) ,
x0 , f .
f ( x ) > 0 ( , x0 ) f ( x ) < 0 ( x0 , ) , f ( x0 )
f .

f ( x ) > 0 x ( , x0 ) f x0 ,
f ( , x0 ] .

f ( x ) f ( x0 ) x ( , x0 ]

(1)

f ( x ) < 0 x ( x0 , ) f x0 ,
f [ x0 , ) .

f ( x ) f ( x0 ) x [ x0 , )

(2)

(1) (2),

f ( x ) f ( x0 ) x ( , ) ,
f ( x0 ) f ( , )
.

10

 10
i. f ( x ) = x R Z
( 0, + ) : f ( x ) = x 1 .
ii. f A .
f .

i. , =
y x=
e ln x u = ln x , y = eu . ,

=
y

( e=
)
u

1
1
u
u e ln x =

e=
x =
x 1 .
x
x

ii. f , A ,

x0 A , > 0 ,
f ( x ) f ( x0 ) x A ( x0 , x0 + ) .
x0 , f ( x0 )
.

11

 11
f=
( x ) x , > 0 R :

f ( x ) = x ln .

x
, =
y =
e x ln u = x ln , y = eu . ,

y
=

( e=
)
u

u
e=
x ln .
u e x ln ln
=

12

 12
f ( , )
x0 , . f ( x) > 0
x ( , x0 ) ( x0 , ) , f ( x0 )
f ( , ) .

f ( x ) > 0 , x ( , x0 ) ( x0 , ) .
f x0
( , x0 ] [ x0 , ) . , x1 < x0 < x2

f ( x1 ) < f ( x0 ) < f ( x2 ) . f ( x0 ) f .
, f ( , ) . ,

x1 , x2 ( , ) x1 < x2 .

x1 , x2 ( , x0 ] , f ( , x0 ] ,

f ( x1 ) < f ( x2 ) .

x1 , x2 [ x0 , ) , f [ x0 , ) ,

f ( x1 ) < f ( x2 ) .

x1 < x0 < x2 , f ( x1 ) < f ( x0 ) < f ( x2 ) .

f ( x1 ) < f ( x2 ) , f
( , ) .

13

 13
f ( x ) = x R

f ( x ) = x .

x R h 0

f ( x + h ) f ( x ) ( x + h ) x x h + x h x
= =
=
h
h
h

( h 1) + x h .

h
h 1
= 0,
= 1 lim
h 0 h
h 0
h

lim

lim
h 0

f ( x + h) f ( x)
h

= x0 + x1 = x.

( x ) = x

14

 14
f,g x0 ,
f + g x0 :

(f

+ g ) ( x0 ) =f ( x0 ) + g ( x0 ) .

x x0 , :

( f + g )( x ) ( f + g )( x0 )
=
x x0
f ( x ) f ( x0 )
x x0

f ( x ) + g ( x ) f ( x0 ) g ( x0 )
=
x x0
+

g ( x ) g ( x0 )
x x0

f,g x0 , :

lim

x x0

lim

( f + g )( x ) ( f + g )( x0 ) =
x x0

f ( x ) f ( x0 )

x x0

x x0

+ lim

x x0

g ( x ) g ( x0 )
x x0

f ( x0 ) + g ( x0 ) ,
=

( f + g ) ( x0 ) =f ( x0 ) + g ( x0 )

15

 15
i. f ( x) =
f ( x) =

1
2 x

x ( 0, + )

ii. f ( x ) = x, x R1 ={ x R / x 0} ,
R1 f ( x ) =

2 x

i. , x0 ( 0, + ) , x x0 :

f ( x) f ( x0 )
=
x x0

x x0 ( x x0 )( x + x0 )
=
=
x x0
( x x0 )( x + x0 )

x x0
=
( x x0 )( x + x0 )

1
,
x + x0

f ( x) f ( x0 )
1
1
lim =
lim
=
,
x x0
x x0
x x0
x + x0 2 x0
( x ) =

1
2 x

ii. , x R 1 :

x
=
( x ) =

x )
( x ) x x(=
x
2

x x + x x
=
2 x

2 x + 2 x
1
=
.
2
x
2 x

16


1
f ( x )= e x 2 + x 3 .
1. f .
2. f ( x) = 0 f.

i. f R .
:

f ( x=
) e x 2 + 1 > 0 , x R ,
f R .
ii. x = 2 f
.
:

lim f ( x ) = lim e x 2 + x 3 = ,

lim e x 2 = 0, lim ( x 3) =
x

lim f ( x ) = lim e x 2 + x 3 = + ,

x +

x +

lim e x 2 = +, lim ( x 3) = + .
x +

x +

f R , f
R .

17

 2
f ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 2 ( 1) x .
f ( x) = 0 ( 0,1) .

F ( x ) = x 4 + ( 1) x 2 x ,
R .

F=
( 0 ) F=
(1) 0 ,
Rolle f , f :

[ 0,1]

( 0,1)

F ( 0 ) = F (1) ,
( 0,1) , F ( ) = 0 .

( ) 0 , .
=
f ( ) F=

18

( )

f ( x ) = ln x 2 .
i. f .
ii. C f
.
iii. f ,
.
iv. f .

i. x 2 > 0 x 0 , R * .

( )

( )

=
f ( x ) ln=
x 2 ln=
x
2 ln x
2

=
f ( x)

ii. A x0 , 2 ln x0

2 ln x )
(=

1
2 .
x

) C

2
y 2 ln x0 = ( x x0 )
x0

(1)

O ( 0, 0 ) (1), (1) :

2
2 ln x0 = ( x0 ) ln x0 =
1=
ln e x0 =
e , f =
ln e 2
( x0 ) 2=
x0
C f A ( e, 2 ) B ( e, 2 )
iii. f R * =
f ( x ) = 2

( , 0 ) ( 0, + )

1
, :
x

19

f ( x ) < 0 x ( , 0 ) , f ( , 0 )

f ( x ) > 0 x ( 0, + ) , f ( 0, + ) .
:

lim f ( x) = lim f ( x) = + lim f ( x) = lim+ f ( x) = .

x +

x 0

x 0

x ( , 0 ) ,

( , + )

x ( 0, + ) , ( , + ) .

f R .
f ,
.
iv. lim f ( x) = lim+ f ( x) = , C f
x 0

x 0

x = 0 , yy.
,

2
+

f ( x)
2 ln x
2
x lim
=
= 0,
lim = lim = lim
+
+
+
x +
x
x
x
1
x
x
x

lim f ( x ) 0 x = lim 2 ln x = + .
x +

x +

20

 4
f =
( x)

4
,x 0.
x

i. C f M x0 , f ( x0 )

x0 0 .
ii.
.
iii. A B ,
M AB.

4
, C f
x2
4
4
: y
(1)
=
2 ( x x0 )
x0
x0

i. : f ( x ) =

M ( x0 , f ( x0 ) )

ii. :
x = 0 (1) y

4
4
8
=
2 ( x0 ) y =
x0
x0
x0

y = 0 (1)

4
4
=
2 ( x x0 ) x =
2 x0 .
x0
x0

(1) A 0,

8
B ( 2 x0 , 0 ) .
x0

OAB

=
( OAB )

1
1 8
( OA
=
2 x0 8 .,
)( OB ) =
2
2 x0

.
iii. AB :

2x + 0 x + 0

4
0
x0 , , M.
, 0
2
2
x0

21

x 4 + 5 x, x 0
f ( x) =
.
5

x
,
x
<
0

4 x3 + 5, x > 0
f ( x) =
5 x, x < 0
x = 0 :

lim+

x 0

f ( x ) f (0)
x4 + 5x 0
= lim
= lim x 3 +=
5 5
0
x

x 0
x0
x

f ( x ) f (0)
5 x 0
= 5.
lim = lim
0

x
x 0
x0
x
f x = 0 f ( 0 ) = 5 .
:

12 x 2 , x > 0
f ( x ) =
5 x, x < 0
x = 0 :

lim+

x 0

f ( x ) f (0)
4 x3 + 5 5
= lim = lim
=
4x2 0 ,
x 0
x 0
x0
x

( )

f ( x ) f (0)
x 1
5 x 5
= 5=
lim = lim
lim
0.
x 0
x 0
x 0
x0
x
x
f ( 0 ) = 0 , :

12 x 2 , x 0

f ( x) =
5 x, x < 0

22

 6
f ( x ) = x 2 3 x + 1 .
f :
i. y = x .
ii. 135 xx.
iii. xx.
iv. y =

1
x.
2

f ( x ) = x 2 3 x + 1 = 2 x 3 .
i. y = x 1,

f ( x ) = 1 2 x 3 = 1 x = 2 f ( 2 ) = 1 , ,
A ( 2, 1) y = x .
ii. 135 = 1 , f ( x ) =1 2 x 3 =1 x =1 .

f (1) = 1 , , B (1, 1)
135 xx.
iii. f ( x ) = 0 2 x 3 = 0 x =

3
2

3
5
3
f = ,
2
4
2

5
4

, ,
xx .

1
,
2
2 ,
1
1
1
f ( x ) =2 2 x 3 =2 x = f = ,
2
4
2

iv.

1
2

1
4

, ,

y=

1
x.
2

23

 7

i.

x x , x > 0

ii. 2 xln x , x > 0

iii.

5 x8 + 1

i.=
x x

e )
(=
ln x

eln x x ,

u = ln x x

(x =
) ( e
x

ln x x

e )
) (=
u

+ ln x x .
eu u = eln x x ( ln x x )= x x
x

ii. u= x ln x ,

( 2 ) = ( 2 ) =
xln x

2u ln 2 u = 2 xln x ln 2 ( x ln x ) = 2 xln x ln 2 ( ln x + 1) .

iii. =
u 5 x + 1 ,
8

) ( )

5x + 1 =
8

u=

+1
u=
=
2 u
2 5 x8 + 1
1

(5x

20 x 7
5 x8 + 1

24

 8
f :

2 x + 1 f ( x ) x 4 2 x + 1 x R ,

(1)

i. f x = 0
ii. f x = 0 f ( 0 ) = 2 .

i. x = 0 (1) 1 f ( 0 ) 1 , f ( 0 ) = 1 .

lim ( 2 x +=
1) lim x 4 2 x +=
1 1 ,
x 0

x 0

lim f ( x ) = 1 .
x 0

f x = 0 , lim f=
( x)
x 0

f=
(0) 1.

ii. (1) :

2 x + 1 1 f ( x ) f ( 0 ) x 4 2 x + 1 1 2 x f ( x ) f ( 0 ) x 4 2 x ,
:

x > 0 ,

f ( x ) f ( 0)
2 x f ( x ) f ( 0 ) x 4 2 x

2
x3 2
x
x0
x
x0

lim ( 2 ) =
lim+ x 3 2 =
2 ,

x 0+

lim+

x 0

x 0

f ( x ) f (0)
x0

= 2 .

x < 0 ,

f ( x ) f ( 0)
2 x f ( x ) f ( 0 ) x 4 2 x

2
x3 2
x
x0
x
x0

lim ( 2 ) =
lim x 3 2 =
2 ,

x 0

lim

x 0

x 0

f ( x ) f (0)
x0

= 2 .

f x = 0
f ( 0 ) = 2 .
25

 9
f : R ( 0, + ) x0 > 0 .
:
i.

f ( x)

lim

x x0

x x0

ii. lim

x x0

f ( x0 )

f 3 ( x) f 3 ( x0 )
x x0

f ( x ) f ( x0 )

f x0 , f ( x0 ) = lim

x x0

x x0

) (
(

f ( x) f ( x0 )
f ( x) f ( x0 )
i. lim
=
=
lim
x x0
x x0
x 2 x0 2
( x x0 )( x + x0 ) f ( x) + f ( x0 )

lim

x x0

f ( x) f ( x0 )
lim
x x0
x x0
( x + x0 )

f ( x0 )
.
=
4 x0 f ( x0 )
f ( x0 )

f ( x) +

( f , x0 ,

ii. lim

f 3 ( x ) f 3 ( x0 )
x x0

x x0

lim

f ( x0 ) .)

f ( x) =

lim

x x0

f ( x ) f ( x0 ) f 2 ( x ) + f ( x ) f ( x0 ) + f 2 ( x0 )

( x) ( x )
2

x x0

x + x0

)=

lim

f ( x ) f ( x0 )
x x0

x x0

lim f 2 ( x ) + f ( x ) f ( x0 ) + f 2 ( x0 )

x x0

x + x0 =

6 f ( x0 ) f 2 ( x0 ) x0 .
( f x0 , lim f ( x ) = f ( x0 )
x x0

lim f

x x0

( x) =

( x0 ) )

26

 10
, O ( 0, 0 ) ,
Ox Oy

1
4

x + 2.
y =
, .

E = , , .
( ) ( , ) ,

1
4

1
4

x + 2 , =
+2.
y =

1
1

E ( ) =
a + 2 =
2 + 2 ( 0,8 ) , > 0
4
4

1
+ 2 > 0 < 8.
4
:

1
1 2

+ 2 , E ( ) =0 =4
E ( ) =
+ 2 =
2
4

1
E ( ) > 0 + 2 > 0 < 4 .
2
27

( 0, 4] ,
[ 4,8 ) 4,

1
4

1.
= 4 . = 4 + 2 =

28

 11
f : R R x0 = 0 ,

lim
x 0

f ( x) 5
= 2.
x

f x0 = 0 f ( 0 ) = 2 .

f ( 0 ) = 5 .
g ( x ) =

f ( x) 5
, x 0 , lim g ( x ) = 2 .
x 0
x

f ( x ) :

=
f ( x ) xg ( x ) + 5 , lim f ( x ) = lim xg ( x ) + 5 = 02 + 5 = 5 .
x 0
x 0

f ( 0 ) lim
f ( x) 5 .
=
=
f x0 = 0
x 0

f ( x) f ( 0 )
f ( x) 5
lim = lim
= 2.
x 0
x

0
x0
x
f x0 = 0 f ( 0 ) = 2 .

29

 12
f ( x=
) e x x . :

f ( 3) ( x ) + 2 f ( x ) =
2 f ( x )

f ( x ) = e x x = e x x + e x x ,

f ( x ) =
e x x + e x x =
2e x x

f ( 3) ( x ) = 2e x x = 2e x x 2e x x .

f ( 3) ( x ) + 2 f ( x ) = 2e x x 2e x x + 2 e x x + e x x =
4e x x = 2 f ( x ) .

f ( 3) ( x ) + 2 f ( x ) =
2 f ( x ) .

30

 13
:

2 ln ( x 1) x 3 + ln 4 x > 1 .

2 ln ( x 1) x 3 + ln 4 2 ln ( x 1) x + 3 ln 4 0
f (=
x ) 2 ln ( x 1) x + 3 ln 4 x > 1 ,
0.

f ( x=
)

2
3 x
=
1
,
x 1
x 1

f ( x ) = 0 x = 3 f ( x ) > 0 x < 3 ,

f (1,3]

[3, + )

x = 3

f ( 3) = 0 , f ( x ) 0 x > 1 .

31

 14
f ( x ) = x 3
A (1,1)

g (=
x ) 2x2 + 7 x .

f,g R .
f ( x ) = 3 x 2 , f (1) = 3 .
C f A (1,1) :

y f (1=
) f (1)( x 1)

:=
y 3x 2 .
C g , x0 ,

g ( x0 ) = 3

(1)

g ( x=
3 x0 2 . (2)
0)
(1) :

g ( x0 ) = 3 4 x0 + 7 = 3 x0 = 1
g ( 1) =
2( 1) + 7 ( 1) =
5 , (2)
2

5 = 3 ( 1) 2 .
: =
y 3 x 2 C f A (1,1) C g

B ( 1, 5 ) .

32

 15

0
x 4 + 24 x 2 + 4 x 40 =
.

f ( x ) = x 4 + 24 x 2 + 4 x 40, x R .
f 1 , 2 , 3 R 1 < 2 < 3 . f
R

f=
( 1 ) f=
( 2 ) f=
( 3 ) 0 , Rolle

[ 1 , 2 ]

[ 2 , 3 ] .

1 ( 1 , 2 ) , f (1 ) = 0
2 ( 2 , 3 ) , f ( 2 ) = 0 .
f ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 48 x + 4 ,

(1 ) f=
( 2 ) 0 ,
R f=
Rolle f [1 , 2 ] ,
(1 , 2 ) , f ( ) = 0 , ,

f ( x )= 12 x 2 + 48 > 0 x R .

0
f , x 4 + 24 x 2 + 4 x 40 =
.

33

 16
f ( x ) = x 2 4 x + 3 .
i. C f

1
2

x+7.
:y=
ii. C f
O ( 0, 0 ) .
iii. A ( 2, 0 ) ;

f ( x=
) 2x 4 .

1
,
2
=1 =2 .

i. =

B x0 , f ( x0 ) C f ,

f ( x0 ) = 2 2 x0 4 = 2 x0 = 3 f ( 3) = 0 ,
C f

1
2

x + 7 :
:y=
y 0= 2 ( x 3)

=
y 2x 6 .

ii. x0 , f ( x0 ) C f ,
:

y f ( x0=
) f ( x0 )( x x0 ) .
O ( 0, 0 ) , :

f ( x0 ) = f ( x0 )( x0 ) x0 2 + 4 x0 3 = 2 x0 2 + 4 x0

x0 2 =
3 x0 =
3

34

6 4
( 3 ) =

3, f 3 =+
6 4 3.

3, 6 4 3 3, 6 + 4 3 .

iii. C f A ( 2, 0 )

E ( x1 , f ( x1 ) ) C f ,
:

y f ( x1=
) f ( x1 )( x x1 ) .
A ( 2, 0 ) , :

f ( x1 ) =f ( x1 )( 2 x1 ) x12 + 4 x1 3 =2 x12 + 8 x1 8

x12 4 x1 + 5 =
0,
,
( = 4 < 0 ), ,
C f A ( 2, 0 ) .

35

 17
f ( x ) =e x + kx 1 , k R .

i. C f A 0, f ( 0 )
=
y 3 x + 5 , k.
ii. k = 2 C f

y 2x 1.
=

f R .
i. f ( x=
) ex + k .

y 3 x + 5 , = 3 .
=

C f A 0, f ( 0 )
=
y 3 x + 5 ,

f ( 0 ) = = 3 e0 + k = 3 k = 2 .
ii. k = 2 f ( x ) = e x + 2 x 1 .

y 2 x 1 C f ,
=

0.
lim f ( x ) ( 2 x 1) =

lim f ( x ) ( 2 x 1=
)
x

x
0.
lim e x + 2 x 1 ( 2 x 1=
e=
) xlim

=
y 2 x 1 C f .

36

 18
i. f ( x ) = x 4 + 2 x 3 + 24 x 2 + 5 x 7 , R .
,
R
ii. R

A 1, f (1)

1.

f ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 6 x 2 + 48 x + 5 ,

f ( x )= 12 x 2 + 12 x + 48= 12 x 2 + x + 4 .
= 2 16 .
< 0 f ( x ) > 0 x R , f R .
=0 f ( x ) 0 x R ,
, f R .

0 2 16 0 2 16 4 4 4 .
2.

f (1) =0 12 + 12 + 48 =0 =5 .

x = 1 .

= 5 , f ( x=
) 12 x 2 5 x + 4

f ( x ) =0 12 x 2 5 x + 4 =0 ( x =1 x = 4 ) .
:

37

 f ( ,1] [1, 4] .

A 1, f (1) ,

A 1, f (1) C f .

= 5 A 1, f (1) C f .

38

 19
1. :
i.

e x 1 x , x R .

ii. e x 1 x , x 0 .
2

2. e x + x

x2
+ 1 , x 0 .
2

1. i.

e x 1 x e x 1 x 0 .
f (=
x) e x 1 x , x R .
f 0.

f (=
x) e x 1 1 ,
f ( x) = 0 e x 1 1 = 0 e x 1 = e0 x = 1
f ( x) > 0 e x 1 1 > 0 e x 1 > e0 x > 1 ,

f ( ,1]

[1, + )

x = 1 ,

f (1) = 0 .

39

f ( x ) f (1) f ( x ) 0 e x 1 x x R .
ii.

ex 1 x ex 1 + x 0
2

f ( x)= e x 1 + x , x [ 0, + ) .
2

f 0.
f [ 0, + ) .

f ( x=
)

(e

x2

1 + x = 2 xe x + 1 ,

f ( x) > 0 , x > 0 , f
[ 0, + ) .

f ( x ) f (0) =
0 , x [ 0, + ) ,
:

e x 1 x , x 0 .
2

2.

x2
x2
x
e + x +1 e + x 1 0 .
2
2
x

f ( x) = e x + x

x2
1 , x [ 0, + ) .
2

f [ 0, + ) .
:

x
x 2
f ( x) = e + x 1 = e x + 1 x
2

f ( x) =

(e

+1 x = ex 1 .

40

f ( x) = 0 e x 1 = 0 x = 0
x > 0 e x > 1 f ( x) > 0 ,
f [ 0, + ) .
x > 0 f ( x) > f ( 0 ) = 2 > 0 , f
[ 0, + ) . x = 0 ,

f (0) = 0 .
:

f ( x ) f (0) =
0 , x [ 0, + ) ,

ex + x

x2
+ 1 , x [ 0, + ) .
2

41


1
f ( x=
) e2 x + 5 x .
1. f .
2. : e 2 x e 4 x 2 =
5 x 2 + 10 x 5 .
2

i. R .
. :

f ( x=
) 2e2 x + 5 > 0 ,
R , 1-1,
.
ii. :

e 2 x e 4 x 2 =5 x 2 + 10 x 5 e 2 x + 5 x 2 =e 2( 2 x 1) + 5 ( 2 x 1)
2

( )

f=
x2
f ( 2 x 1)
f 1-1

x 2 = 2 x 1 ( x 1) = 0 x = 1 .
2

42

 2
f ( x ) : R R x = 0

f ( 0 ) = 1 :
f ( x +=
y ) f ( x )e y + f ( y )e x x, y R .
i. f ( 0 ) lim
x 0

f ( x)
x

ii. f x0

( x0 )
f =

f ( x0 ) + e x0 .

i. x= y= 0

f ( x +=
y ) f ( x )e y + f ( y )e x

(1)

f ( 0 ) = f ( 0 )1 + f ( 0 )1 f ( 0 ) = 0 .

f ( x)

lim = lim
x 0

x 0

f ( x ) f (0)
( 0 ) 1 ,
= f=
x0

.
ii. (1) f ( x0 =
+ h)

lim
h 0

f ( x0 )e h + f ( h )e x0

f ( x0 + h ) f ( x0 )
e h 1 f ( h ) x0
e
= lim f ( x0 )
+
=
h 0
h
h
h

f ( h ) x0
eh 1
+ lim
e = f ( x0 )e0 + 1e x0 = f ( x0 ) + e x0 ,
h 0
h 0
h
h

f ( x0 )lim

eh 1
h 0
h

e h e0
( 0 ) e0 g ( x ) = e x .
= g=
h 0 h 0

lim = lim

( x0 )
f =

f ( x0 ) + e x0 .

43

 3
, :

x + x 5e x 3 , x R ,
= e5 .

x + x 5e x 3 x + x 5e x + 3 0

f ( 0 ) , x R .
f ( x ) = x + x 5e x + 3 : f ( x ) 0 =
0 f 0 f
0, ( R ) Fermat f ( 0 ) = 0 .
f ( x ) = x ln + x ln 5e x ,

f (0) =
0 0 ln + 0 ln 5e0 =
0 ln ( ) =
5 =
e5 .

44

 4
f,g [ 0,1] ( 0,1)

f=
( 0 ) f=
(1) 0 f ( x ) 0 x ( 0,1) .
i. Rolle
h ( x ) = f 2 ( x )e

g( x)

[ 0,1] .

ii. ( 0,1) :

f ( )
f ( )

g ( )
2

i. f 2 ( x ) , e

g( x)

[ 0,1]

. h [ 0,1]
.
f 2 ( x ) , e

g( x)

( 0,1)

. h
( 0,1) .
h=
( 0 ) h=
(1) 0 ,
Rolle h [ 0,1] .
g( x)
=
+ f 2 ( x )e g ( x ) g ( x ) Rolle
ii. h ( x ) 2 f ( x ) f ( x )e

( 0,1) ,

h ( ) =
0 2 f ( ) f ( )e g ( ) + f 2 ( )e g ( ) g ( ) =
0
f ( )e g ( ) 2 f ( ) + f ( )g ( ) =
0 2 f ( ) + f ( )g ( ) =
0

f ( )
g ( )
.
=
f ( )
2

45

y 3 x 1 f
=
+ ,
i. lim

x +

f ( x)
lim ( f ( x) 3 x)
x +
x

ii. R :

lim

x f ( x ) 3 x 2 2 x + 2
f ( x) + x +1

= 1

y 3 x 1 f
=
+ , lim

f ( x)
x

= 3 lim f ( x ) 3 x =
1 .
x
lim

x f ( x ) 3 x 2 2 x + 2
f ( x) + x +1

=1

x( f ( x ) 3 x ) 2 +
x
lim
=1
x
f ( x)
1
+ +
x
x
x

1 2
=1 2 2 =0 ( =2 = 1) .
3+

46

 6
f [ 0,1] f ( 0 ) < 0 f ( x ) 2

x ( 0,1) .
z1 , z2 =
z1

f (1) + f ( 0 )i

z2 =3 + f ( 0 )i .
z1z2 R ( 0,1) f ( ) = 2 .

z1z2 = f (1) + f ( 0 )i 3 + f ( 0 )i = 3 f (1) f 2 ( 0 ) + f (1) f ( 0 ) 3 f ( 0 ) i .

z1z2 R

0 f (1) f ( 0 ) =
3 f ( 0)
Im ( z1z2 ) = 0 , f (1) f ( 0 ) 3 f ( 0 ) =
g=
( x)

(1)

f ( x ) 2 x , [ 0,1] ,

g ( 0=
)g (1) f ( 0 ) f (1=
) 2 f ( 0 ) f (1) 2 f ( 0 ) , (1)
g ( 0 )g=
(1) f ( 0 ) < 0 , Bolzano
g ( 0,1) .
g (=
x)

f ( x ) 2 0 ( 0,1) .

g 1 , 2 ( 0,1) 0 < 1 < 2 < 1 . g

Rolle, :

g [ 1 , 2 ]

g ( 1 , 2 )

g ( 1 ) = g ( 2 )

( 1 , 2 ) , g ( ) = 0 ,
.
g ( 0,1) .
47

 7
f R :

=
f (0)

( 0 ) 0 f ( 0 ) = 2011 .
f=

lim
x 0

f ( x)
e x x
x

f , f
R .
f R .

lim f=
0,
( x ) f=
( 0 ) 0 lim ( e x x x ) =
x 0

x 0

lim
x 0

f ( x)
e x x
x

De L

Hospital
0

0

f ( x)
f ( x)
f ( x)
=
= lim x
lim x
lim
x 0 e x x
x 0
x 0 e x + e x x 1
e x x x

( x ) f=
( 0 ) 0 lim ( e x x + e x x 1) =
lim f=
0,
x 0

lim
x 0

x 0

f ( x)
e x + e x 1
x

0
0

De L Hospital,

f ( x ) .

f ( 0 ) .

=
f ( 0 ) lim

x 0

f ( x ) f (0)
f ( x)
= lim
= 2011 ,
x 0
x0
x
48

lim
x 0

f ( x)
e x x + e x x 1

f ( x)
2011 2011
x
= =
lim
,
x
x 0
e x 1 1 + 1
2
x x
+
e
x
x

lim e x
x 0

x 0
=
e x lim = e=
1 1
lim
x x 0 x 0 x

0

e x x 1
e x x 1 0
e x x e x x
=
= lim = 1 . ( De L
lim
lim
x 0
x 0
x 0
x
1
( x )

Hospital)
lim
x 0

f ( x)
e x x
x

2011
.
2

49

 8
f ( x ) = x 2

1
2

A , 2 .

B x0 , f ( x0 ) C f .
f f ( x ) = 2 x ,
:

y x0 2= 2 x0 ( x x0 )

(1)

1
2

A , 2
(1) :

1
2 x0 2 = 2 x0 ( x0 ) x0 2 x0 2 = 0 ( x0 = 2 x0 = 1) ,
2
(1) ( 1)

1 : =
y 4 x 4 B1 ( 2, 4 )

2 : y =
2 x 1 B2 ( 1,1) .

50

 9
f [ 0,3] .

f (1) + f ( 2 ) > f ( 0 ) + f ( 3) .

f [ 0,3] , f ( 0,3) .

f (1) + f ( 2 ) > f ( 0 ) + f ( 3)

f (1) f ( 0 )
1 0

>

f ( 3) f ( 2 )
3 2

(1)

... f [ 0,1]

[ 2,3]

1 ( 0,1) 2 ( 2,3) ,

f (1 ) =

f (1) f ( 0 )
1 0

f ( 2 ) =

f ( 3) f ( 2 )
3 2

(1) f (1 ) > f ( 2 ) , , f
( 0,3) 1 < 2 .

51

 10

A (1, 0 ) , B ( x, ln x )

( x, 0 ) , x > 1 , t0 x = 2cm .
x 0,5cm / sec .

f ( x ) = ln x .

A (1, 0 ) , B ( x, ln x )

=
( x, 0 ) , x > 1 , E

1
1
( A )( B=) ( x 1)ln x ( 1)
2
2

x t,

1
x ( t ) 1ln x ( t ) .
2
t0 :

E (t )
t =

( t0 )
E=
( ln x ( t=
)

u )
) ( ln =

x ( t )
1
1
x ( t0 )ln x ( t0 ) + x ( t0 ) 1 0
2
2
x ( t0 )

x ( t )
1
, u = x ( t ) )
u
=
u
x (t )

x ( t0 ) = 2cm x ( t0 ) = 0,5cm / sec

E ( t0 )=

1
1
1 1
1
ln 2 + [ 2 1] = ln 2 + cm 2 / sec
4
2
4 4
2
52

 11
i.

P ( x )

(x )
ii.

( ) 0 .
P
=
( ) P=

, R P ( x ) = x 3 + x 2 3 x 1
( x 1) .
2

i.

P ( x ) ( x ) .
2

( x ) , P ( x ) =( x ) ( x ) ,
2

P ( ) =( ) ( ) =0 .
2

P ( x ) = 2 ( x ) ( x ) + ( x ) ( x ) ,
2

P ( ) = 2 ( ) ( ) + ( ) ( ) = 0 .
2

( ) 0 . P ( ) = 0 ,
P
=
( ) P=
Q ( x ) ,
P ( x=
)

( x )Q ( x )

(1)

P ( x=
) Q ( x ) + ( x )Q ( x ) ,

P ( =
) Q ( ) + ( )Q ( =) 0 Q ( ) = 0 ,
( x ) , Q ( x ) = ( x ) ( x ) . Q ( x )
(1) P ( x ) =( x ) ( x ) , ( x )
2

P ( x ) .
ii.

(1) 0 .
P
=
(1) P=

4 . P ( x ) = 3 x 2 + 2 x 3
P (1) = + 3 1 = 0 , + =
, P (1) = 3 + 2 3 = 0 .

4
+ =
= 5

3
3 + 2 =
=9
53

 12
f : ( 0, + ) R :

f ( x ) e x 1 + ln x + x 2 x > 0 f (1) = 2 .
C f A (1, 2 ) .

g ( x ) =

f ( x ) e x 1 ln x x 2 ,

( 0, + )

g ( x) 0 =
g (1) x > 0 .
g 0 x = 1 , Fermat

x)
g (1) = 0 . g ( =

f ( x ) e x 1

1
2 x ,
x

1
g (1) = f (1) e0 2 = 0 f (1) = 4 .
1
C f A (1, 2 )

y 2 = 4 ( x 1) y = 4 x 2

54

 13
f ( 3,3)
:

f 2 ( x ) + 4 f ( x ) + x2 5 =
0 x ( 3,3)

(1)

C f .

(1),

f 2 ( x ) + 4 f ( x ) + x 2 5 = 0 2 f ( x ) f ( x ) + 4 f ( x ) + 2 x = 0

2 f ( x ) + 2 f ( x ) f ( x ) + 4 f ( x ) + 2 =
0
2

(2)

A x0 , f ( x0 ) C f , f
( 3,3) , f ( x0 ) = 0
(2)

2 f ( x0 ) + 2 f ( x0 ) f ( x0 ) + 4 f ( x0 ) + 2 = 0
2

2 f ( x0 ) + 2 =
0 .
2

C f .

55

 14
f, :

f e x x = 2e x x , .
2 2

i.

f ( 0 ) = 2 .

ii.

C f A 0, f ( 0 )

=
y 2x + 2 .
iii.

2cm / sec
.

1. f e x x = 2e x

=
f e x x e x
x

)(

)(

) ( 2e )
x

f e x x e x x + e x x =
2e x

(4)

x = 0 (4) f ( 0 ) = 2 .

2. x = 0 f e x x = 2e x f ( 0 ) = 2 .
:

y 2 = 2 ( x 0) y = 2x + 2 .
3. x t

x ( t ) = 2cm / sec , y
t

=
y (t ) 2x (t ) + 2 ,

=
y ( t ) 2=
x ( t ) 4cm / sec .

56

 15
1. f : R R R .
:
i.

f , f .

ii.

f , f .

2. f : R R .

g ( x ) = x 5 + x e f ( x ) + x + x .
i.

g R .

ii.

g ( 0 ) .

1. i. f , :

f (x) =
f ( x ) x R .
:

f ( x)
( f ( x ) ) =
=
y

(1)

f ( x ) u = x , y = f (u ) . ,

y =
( f ( u ) ) =f ( u )u =f ( x )( 1) = f ( x ) ,
(1) f ( x ) =
f ( x ) x R .
f .
ii. f , :

f (x) =
f ( x ) x R .
:

f ( x)
( f ( x ) ) =

(2)

57

 =
y

f ( x ) u = x , y = f (u ) . ,

y =( f ( u ) ) = f ( u ) u = f ( x ) ( 1) = f ( x ) ,
(2) f ( x ) =
f ( x ) x R .
f .
f x
2. i. e ( )

. x 5 + x x + x
. g
R .
ii. :

)(

g ( x ) = x5 + x e f ( x ) + x5 + x e f ( x ) + ( x + x ) =

(5x

x e f ( x ) + x5 + x e f ( x ) f ( x ) + x + 1 .

=
g (0) e

f ( 0)

f ( 0 ) +
=
0 +1 2 .

f ( 0 ) = 0 .
f ,
x = 0 f ( 0 ) =
f ( 0 ) 2 f ( 0 ) =
0
f ( 0) =
0.

58

 16

3 1
x x , x 0

f ( x ) =
0,
x=0

i.

f x0 = 0 .

ii.

Rolle f

1 1
2 ,
iii.

1
= 3 x ,
x

1 1
, .
2

i.

x 0

1
3
f ( x ) f ( 0 ) x x
1
= = x 2 .
x0
x
x
x 2

1
1
2
0,
lim x=
x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 lim ( x 2 =
)

x
x
0
0
x
x

lim x 2
x 0

1
= 0,
x
f ( x ) f ( 0)

= 0.
f x0=
= 0 f ( 0 ) lim
x 0

ii.

x0

1
1 1

,
x
2
1 1
, f
, ,
2

59

1
1 1

,
x
2

, f

1 1
, , .

1
2

1
1 1
=
=
f =
( ) 0 .
( 2 ) 0
3
3
8

=
f

Rolle f

.
,
2
iii.

1 1
, , f ( ) = 0 .
2

ii)

f ( ) =
0 3 2

1 1
+ 3 2 =
0

= 3

1
= 3 x ,
x

1 1
, .

60

 17
:
i.

lim x x .

x 0+

ii.

1
lim+ 1 + .
x 0
x

i.

u = xln x

=
lim+ x x lim+ =
e xln x
x 0

x 0

=
lim eu 1 ,
u 0

( ln x )
ln x +
lim+ u lim+=
xln x ) lim
lim
=
=
=
(
x 0
x 0
x 0+ 1
x 0+
1
x

x

1
lim x = lim+ ( x =
) 0.
1 x 0
x 0+
2
x
x

ii.

1
1=
u xln 1+ x

xln 1+
1
x
=
lim+ 1 + =
lim
e

x 0
x x 0+

=
lim
eu 1 ,
u 0

1
1
ln 1 + +

ln 1 + x

x +
1

=
= lim+
=
lim+ u lim+ xln 1 +=
lim+

1
x 0
x 0
x 0
x x 0

1

x
x
x 1

x + 1 x2
x
lim+ = lim
=
0.
+
1
x 0
x 0 x + 1
2
x

61

 18
f : R * R :

f (1) = 2
x f ( x ) = 3 f ( x ) x 0 .
i.

g ( x ) = x 3 f ( x )
( , 0 ) ( 0, + ) .

ii.

f.

iii.

C f .

i.

g =
( x)

x ))
( x f (=
3

x )) 0
3 x 2 f ( x ) + x3 f =
( x ) 3x 2 f ( x ) + x 2( 3 f (=

g ( x ) = 0 x ( , 0 ) ( 0, + ) .
g

( , 0 ) ( 0, + ) , c1 , c2 R
,

c , x > 0
g ( x) = 1
c2 , x < 0
f f (1) = 2 f ( 1) = 2

g (1)= 132= 2= c1 g ( 1) =( 1) 2 =2 =c2 .

3

2, x > 0
g ( x) =
2, x < 0
ii.

2
x

2 x 3 f ( x ) =
2 f ( x) =
.
x > 0 , g ( x ) =
3
x < 0 , g ( x ) =2 x 3 f ( x ) =2 f ( x ) =

2
.
x3
62

 2
x3 , x > 0

f ( x ) =
2
3 , x < 0
x
iii.

lim+ f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = + , x = 0
x 0

x 0

C f .
lim f ( x) = 0 lim f ( x) = 0 , y = 0
x +

C f + .
C f + ,
.

63

 19
f ( x ) =2 x 3 15 x 2 + 24 x .
i.

f .

ii.

iii.

f ( x ) = R .

iv.

f
.

f ( x ) =2 x 3 15 x 2 + 24 x R .
i.

f ( x ) = 6 x 2 30 x + 24
f ( x ) =0 6 x 2 30 x + 24 =0 ( x =1 x = 4)

f ( ,1] [ 4, + )
[1, 4] . 1
4, x = 1 f (1) = 11

x = 4 f ( 4 ) = 16 .
ii.

lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = + , f R

x +

f R .
iii.

( ( ,1]) = ( ,11] ,
64

f ([1, 4]) =
f

[ 16,11]

([ 4, + ) ) = [ 16, + )
< 16 f ( x ) =

( ,1) .

= 16 f ( x ) = ,

x = 4 ( ,1) .

16 < < 11 f ( x ) = ,
( ,1) , (1, 4 ) ( 4, + ) .

= 11 f ( x ) = , x = 1
( 4, + ) .

iv.

> 11 f ( x ) = ( 4, + ) .

f (=
x ) 12 x 30 f ( x ) > 0 x >

5
.
2

f , , + .
2
2

f x0 =

5
2

5

2

5
2

A , f C f .

65

 20
P :

P ( x ) = P ( x ) x R P (1) = 2 .
2

P ( x ) .

P.
P ( x ) , P ( x ) 1

P ( x ) 2 ( 1) . P ( x ) = P ( x ) , :
2

2 ( 1) = = 2 .
:

P ( x ) = x 2 + x + 0 ,
P =
( x ) 2 x + ,

P ( x ) = P ( x ) ( 2 x + ) = x 2 + x +
2

4 2 x 2 + 4 x + 2= x 2 + x +
4 2 =

4 =
2 =

(1)
(2)
(3)

(1)
0

4 2 = =

1
4

P (1) = 2

1
3
2 1 + = 2 = .
4
2

66

3
(3) :
2
2
=
=

9
.
4

(2) .
P ( x ) =

1 2 3
9
x + x+ .
4
2
4

67

 21
f : R R .

, , R < < f ( ) < f ( ) > f ( ) ,

x0 ( , ) , f ( x0 ) = 0 .

f R ,

f [ , ] [ , ] .

1 ( , ) ,

f (1 ) =

f ( ) f ( )

f ( ) < f ( )

f (1 ) > 0

(1)

2 ( , ) ,

f ( 2 ) =

f ( ) f ( )

f ( ) > f ( )

f ( 2 ) < 0

(2)

f [1 , 2 ] (1) (2)

f (1 ) f ( 2 ) < 0 , Bolzano
x0 (1 , 2 ) ( , ) , f ( x0 ) = 0 .

68

 22
:
i.

ii.

lim+ xe x
1

x 0

lim xe x

x 0

i.

lim+ xe x = lim+
1

x 0

x 0

xe x = + .
1

lim+

x 0

=1

lim+ xe = lim+
1
x

x 0

ii.

ex

x 0

1
x

+
eu
eu ( + )
eu
= lim
= lim
= lim
= + .
u + u
u +
u + 1

(u )

u = 1x

( )

x
lim xe=
00
= 0,
1

x 0

lim x = 0

x 0

u = 1x

lim
=
e

1
x

x 0

=
lim eu 0 .
u

69

 23
f : [1, 6] R [1, 6]
(1, 6 ) f (1) = f ( 6 ) .
x0 (1, 6 ) ,

i.

A ( x0 , f ( x0 ) ) .
1 , 2 (1, 6 ) 1 2 ,

ii.

f (1 ) + 4 f ( 2 ) =
0.

f [1, 6] (1, 6 )

i.

f (1) = f ( 6 ) ,
Rolle, :
x0 (1, 6 ) , f ( x0 ) = 0 .

A x0 , f ( x0 ) C f .
ii.

f
[1, 2] [ 2, 6] .

: [1, 2] [ 2, 6] ,
f (1 ) + 4 f ( 2 ) =
0 ,
1 4.

f [1, 2] (1, 2 ) ,
1 (1, 2 ) ,

f =
(1 )

f ( 2 ) f (1)
= f ( 2 ) f (1) .
2 1

(1)

f [ 2, 6] ( 2, 6 ) ,
2 ( 2, 4 ) ,

70

=
f ( 2 )

f (6) f ( 2)
=
62

f ( 6) f ( 2)
4

(2)

(1) (2) :

f (1 ) + 4 f ( 2 ) = f ( 2 ) f (1) + 4

f ( 6) f ( 2)
4

= f ( 6 ) f (1) = 0 .

71

 24
f ( x=
) x 2 x .
i.

f R .

ii.

x0 0,

iii.

f .

, f ( x0 ) = 0 .
2

f R .
i.

f ( x=
) 2 x x

f ( x )= 2 + x .

1 x 1 2 1 2 + x 2 + 1
1 2 + x 3 1 f ( x ) 3 ,
f ( x ) > 0 , x R , f
R .
ii.

f ( 0 ) = 0 =1 < 0 ,

f =
=
>0
2
2
2
2

f 0, ,
2

Bolzano x0 0,

,
2

f ( x0 ) = 0 .

72

 , f ( x ) > 0 , x R ,
f R ,

x0 0, , f ( x0 ) = 0 .
2
iii.

f R x0 0,

, f ( x0 ) = 0 , :
x < x0 f ( x ) < f ( x0 ) =
0
x > x0 f ( x ) > f ( x0 ) =
0.
f ( , x0 ]

[ x0 , + ) .

73

 25
f : R R , :

f ( 2 ) = 5 , f (1) = 3 f ( x ) 2 x + 1 x R .
(1, 2 ) , f ( ) = 0 .

f R ,
R .
f ( x ) 2 x + 1 f ( x ) 2 x 1 0 ,

g ( x=
) f ( x ) 2 x 1 , g
R , .
g ( x ) 0 x R g (=
2)

f ( 2) 4
=
1 0

g (=
1) f (1) 2 =
1 0 , g 0

x = 1 x = 2 .
Fermat :

g (1) = f (1) 2 = 0 f (1) = 2

g ( 2) = f ( 2) 2 = 0 f ( 2) = 2 .
f [1, 2] (1, 2 )

f (1) = f ( 2 ) , Rolle f [1, 2]

(1, 2 ) , f ( ) = 0 .

74


1
f R : f ( x ) < x 2
x R . :
1. =
g ( x ) 3 f ( x ) x 3 R
2.

f ( 2 ) f (1) < 3

3. (1, 2 ) f ( ) < 3 .

1. g ( ) R
,
g .

g ( x=
) 3 f ( x ) 3x=2 3 f ( x ) x 2 < 0
g R .
2. g R ,

g ( 2 ) < g (1) 3 f ( 2 ) 8 < 3 f (1) 1 f ( 2 ) f (1) <

7
< 3.
3

3. f R ,

[1, 2] ,
i.

f [1, 2]

ii.

f (1, 2 ) ,

(1, 2 )

f ( ) =

f ( 2 ) f (1)
2 1

= f ( 2 ) f (1) < 3 .

75

 2
i.

ii.

f ( x) = e x ln x .

iii.

f
.

g ( x )= x ln x .

i.

g ( 0, + ) .
g ( x ) =1

1 x 1
=
.
x
x

g (0,1]
[1, +) ,
x = 1 , g (1) = 1 ,

g ( x ) 1 x > 0 .
:

lim g ( x ) = lim+ ( x ln x ) = +

x 0+

x 0

ln x
lim g ( x ) = lim ( x ln x ) = lim x 1
= + ,
x +
x +
x +
x

lim x = +
x +

+
ln x )
(
ln x ( + )
1
ln x
=
=
lim 1
1 lim
1 lim
1 lim =
1.
=
x +
x
+
x

x
x
x

( x )

[1, +) .
76

:
ii.

f ( 0, + ) .

lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ e x ln x = ,
x 0

lim ln x = lim+ e

x 0+

x 0

y = 1x

1
x

x 0

lim e y = + .

y +

f
x =0.
:

1

1 ln x
f ( x)
e x ln x
lim
lim
ex
0
=
= lim
=
x +
x +
x +
x
x
x

+
ln x )
(
ln x ( + )
1
lim = lim
= 0
lim =
+
x + x
x +
x
x
( x )

y = 1x

lim
=
e
1
x

x +

=
lim e y 1 ,
y 0

lim f ( x ) 0x = lim e x ln x = + ,
x +
x +
1

lim e x = 1 lim ln x = + .
1

x +

x +

f + .
iii.

f :

1
1
1 1
1

f ( x ) = e x ln x =e x 2 ln x + e x =
x
x

1
1
1
1
e x 2 ( x ln x ) =
e x 2 g ( x )
x
x

i) f ( x ) > 0 x ( 0, + ) , f
( 0, + ) .
ii) lim+ f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = lim e x ln x = + ,
1

x 0

x +

x +

f R .
77

 3
1. :

ln x +
2. g ( x )= ln x +

1
1 x > 0 .
x

2 1

x x2

1
,1 .
e
3. f ( x ) = e x ln x
.
4.
f .

1. h ( x )= ln x +

1
1, x > 0 .
x

1 1 x 1
h ( x ) = 2 = 2 ,
x x
x
:

h (0,1]

[1, +) , 0 x = 1 , :
h ( x ) h (1) ln x +
ln x +

1
1 0
x

1
1 x > 0 .
x

2. g ( x )= ln x +

2 1
1
2 ,1
x x
e

78

1
2
1
g =
ln + 2e e 2 =
1 + 2e e 2 =
(1 e ) < 0 ,
e
e

g (1)= 1 > 0 .

Bolzano x0

1
e

1
x

g ,1 . g ( x ) =

2 2 x2 2 x + 2
+ =
> 0 , x > 0
x 2 x3
x3

x 2 2 x + 2 > 0 x R = 4 < 0 .
g ( 0, + ) ,
.
3.

f ( x )=

( e ln x )=
x

1
1

e x ln x + e x = e x ln x +
x
x

1 f ( x ) > 0 , f
( 0, + ) . f
, .
:

lim+ e x ln x = , lim+ e x = 1 > 0 lim+ ln x =

x 0

x 0

x 0

lim e x ln x = + , lim e x = + lim ln x = + .

x +

x +

x +

f R .
4. f:

1
1
1
1

f ( x )= e x ln x + e x = e x ln x + e x + e x e x 2 =
x
x
x
x

2 1

e x ln x + 2 =
e x g ( x )
x x

1
e

5. 2 g x0 ,1
( 0, + ) , :
x < x0 g ( x ) < g ( x0 ) =
0 x > x0 g ( x ) > g ( x0 ) =
0

79

 f (0, x0 ] [ x0 , +)

x0 , f ( x0 ) C f ,
f
C f .

80

 4
f :

, f ( 0 ) = 2
2 2

f =
( x ) x f ( x )( x + x ) x , ,
2 2
.

f ( x )=
x f ( x )( x + x )
f ( x ) x f ( x ) x = f ( x ) x

f ( x ) x + f ( x )( x ) =
f ( x ) x ( f ( x ) x ) =
f ( x ) x ,
252,
c ,

f ( x ) x = ce x .
f ( 0 ) = 2 , : f ( 0 ) 0= ce0 c= 2 .
f ( x ) =

2e x

81

f ( x)
=

e x
, x > 1 > 0 .
x +1

i.

f .

ii.

i.

f .

e x e x ( x + 1)
1
> 1 ,
f ( x ) = 0 x =
f ( x ) =
=

( x + 1)
x +1

f 1,

, + ,

x0 =
ii.

1
1
= e .

, f

g ( ) = e1 > 0 . g .

g ( )=

( e )=
1

e1 e1 = e1 (1 ) = 1

g ( 0,1]
[1, + ) , = 1 .
82

z = e x + 1 + xe x i, x R .
i.

: Re ( z ) Im ( z ) .

ii.

x R z
y = x.

iii.

z z .

i.

Re ( z ) Im ( z ) e x 1 + xe x 1 + xe x e x 0 .
f ( x ) =
1 + xe x e x

f ( x ) =1 + xe x e x =xe x

f , 0]

[0, + ) ,
f ( x ) f ( 0 ) = 0 1 + xe x e x 0 .
ii.

x = 0 ,

Re ( z ) = Im ( z ) f ( x) = 0
, x = 0 .

iii.

: z z = 2 1 + xe x .
g ( x ) = 1 + xe x , R
:

g ( x ) = xe x + e x = e x ( x + 1)

83

g , 1]

1, + ) , x = 1 ,
e 1
g ( x ) g ( 1=
> 0.
)
e

( )

lim g ( x ) =
1 + lim xe x =
1 ,
lim 1 + xe x =
x

( x ) lim
1
x +
x
0
lim
xe
lim
lim
=
=
=
=
x

x
x e
x
x e x
x
e

( )

( )

lim g ( x ) = lim 1 + xe x = + , g
x +

x +

e 1

e , + .

e 1

, + .

z z 2

84

5x .
1. 3x + 2 x =
2. f : R R f ( x ) = 2 f ( x )

xR .
i.

g ( x ) = e 2 x f ( x ) R .

ii.

f f ( 0 ) = 1 .

iii.

h, R ,

h ( x ) + 2h ( x ) = ( x ) + 2 ( x ) x R
h ( 0 ) = ( 0 ) , h = .

3 2
1. 3 + 2 = 5 + 1 = 0
5 5
x

(1).

x = 1 .
.

3
5

2
5

f ( x) = + 1 ,
R .
:
x

3 2
2
3
f ( x) = ln + ln < 0 ,
5 5
5
5

3
3
2
2
< 1 ln < ln1 =
0 < 1 ln < ln1 =
0.
5
5
5
5

f R , x = 1
f, (1).
i. g R .

85

g ( x ) = e 2 x f ( x ) = 2e 2 x f ( x ) + e 2 x f ( x ) = 2e 2 x f ( x ) 2e 2 x f ( x ) = 0

x R
g R .
ii. , :
c R , g ( x ) = c x R ,

e2 x f ( x ) =
c f ( x) =
ce 2 x .
x = 0 :

f ( 0 )= ce0 c= 1 .
f ( x ) = e 2 x .
iii. :

h ( x ) + 2h ( x ) =
( x ) + 2 ( x ) ( h ( x ) ( x ) ) =
2 ( h ( x ) ( x ) )

xR ,
i) :

h ( x) ( x) =
c e 2 x , x = 0

h ( 0 ) ( 0 )= ce0

h ( 0 ) = ( 0 )

c= 0 .

h = .

86

(x

f ( x) =

+ 4x + 3 ex .

i.

f
.

ii.

f
C f , .

iii.

C f .

iv.

C f A 0, f ( 0 ) .

v.

(x

+ 4 x + 3 e x 7 x + 3 x 4 + 3 .

f ( x ) =
i.

(x

+ 4 x + 3 e x R .

f,

( 2 x + 4 ) e x + ( x 2 + 4 x + 3) e x =

f ( x) =

(x

+ 6x + 7 ex .

f ( x ) = 0 x 2 + 6 x + 7 e x = 0 x = 3 2 ,
+

x 2 + 4 x + 3 +
2 x + 4
lim f =
x ) lim x 2 + 4 x + 3=
=
lim
=
e x lim
(
x
x
x
x e x
e x

lim

x + 4 )
( 2=

( e )
x

2
=
=
2e x 0
lim
lim
x
x

lim f ( x ) = lim x 2 + 4 x + 3 e x = ( + ) ( + ) = + ,

x +

x +

87

f , 3 2

3 + 2, + , 3 2, 3 + 2

R , 3 2 3 + 2
.

) ( 0, f ( 3 2 ) ,
(( , 3 2=

) (

f 3 2, 3 + 2 = f 3 + 2 , f 3 2

))

f 3 + 2, += f 3 + 2 , + .

f 3 + 2 f 3 + 2 < 0 .
g ( x ) = x 2 + 4 x + 3

3 1 3 < 3 + 2 < 1 , g 3 + 2 < 0

,

f 3 + 2 < 0 .

f f 3 + 2 , +

f .
ii.

f ( x ) =

( 2 x + 6) ex + ( x2 + 6 x + 7 ) ex =

(x

+ 8 x + 13 e x

f ( x ) = 0 x 2 + 8 x + 13 e x = 0 x = 4 3 .

88

f , 4 3 4 + 3, +

4 3, 4 + 3 .

f R ,
,

C f A 4 3, f 4 3

))

))

B 4 + 3, f 4 + 3 .
iii.

ii) lim f ( x ) = 0 , f
x

y = 0 .

((

) )

+
+
x 2 + 4 x + 3 e x +
x 2 + 4 x + 3 e x +
f ( x)
lim
lim
=
= lim=
x +
x +
x +
x
x
( x )

lim x 2 + 6 x + 7 e x = + , f

x +

+ f R
.
iv.

f ( x) =

(x

+ 6 x + 7 e x f ( 0 ) = 7 f ( 0 ) = 3 .

C f A 0, f ( 0 ) :

y 3= 7( x 0 )

:=
y 7x + 3.
v.

f 4 + 3, + 0 4 + 3, + ,

C f

A ( 0, f ( 0 ) ) ,

(x

+ 4 x + 3 e x 7 x + 3 x 4 + 3 .

89

 9
f ( x ) = e x ln ( x + 1) 1 .
i.

f .

ii.

iii.

f ( x ) = 0 .

iv.

, R 2 + > 0 + 2 1 > 0 , :

e 2 + 1 ln ( 2 + ) + e + 2 2 ln ( + 2 1) 2
, .

f ( 1, + ) .
i.

f ( x=
) ex

x +1

f ( x=
) ex +

( x + 1)

f ( x ) > 0 x > 1 , f
( 1, + ) .
f ( 0 ) = 0 ,
1 < x < 0
x > 0

f . .

f . .

f ( x ) < f ( 0 ) =0

f ( x ) > f (0) =
0.

f ( 0 ) = 0

90

 f ( 1, 0]

[0, + ) ,
ii.

x = 0 f ( 0 ) = 0 .

lim f ( x ) = lim+ e x ln ( x + 1) 1 = + ,
x 1

x 1+

u= x +1
1
lim+ ln ( x + 1) = lim+ ln ( u ) = lim+ e x 1 = 1 .
x 1
u 0
x 1
e

f [ 0, + ) .
iii.

f ( x ) = 0 ( 1, + ) ,
x = 0 ,
x < 0
x > 0

iv.

f . .

f . .

f ( x ) > f (0) =
0
f ( x ) > f (0) =
0.

e 2 + 1 ln ( 2 + ) + e + 2 2 ln ( + 2 1) 2

e 2 + 1 ln((2 + 1) + 1) 1 + e + 2 2 ln(( + 2 2) + 1) 1 0
f ( 2 + 1) + f ( + 2 2 ) 0

(1)

f ( 2 + 1=
) f ( + 2 2=) 0 ,

(2)

.. f ( 2 + 1) 0 , f ( x ) 0
x > 1 , f ( 2 + 1) > 0 (1)

f ( + 2 2 ) f ( 2 + 1) < 0 f ( + 2 2 ) < 0 ,

91

 . f ( 2 + 1) =
0 (1)

f ( + 2 2 ) =
0.
(2) iii)

1 0 =
2 +=
0

2 0 =
+ 2=
1

92

 10
f=
( x) x 2x , x > 0
1

i.

f .

ii.

:
12

6 < 10 5 < 6 3

f=
( x) x 2x , x > 0 .
1

i.

f.
2x
=
y x=
1

( e )=
ln x

1
2x

=
y

e 2 x u =
ln x

ln x
, y = eu . ,
2x

ln x ln x
1 1 ln x
u
u
2x
.
u e 2 x =
e=
e=
x
2 x2
2x

( )

f ( x ) =0 ln x =1 x =e ,
f ( x ) > 0 ln x < 1 x < e .

f ( 0, e ]
[ e, + ) e,
f ( e )
ii.

f [ e, + ) , :

e < 3 < 5 < 6 f ( 3) > f ( 5 ) > f ( 6 ) 3 6 > 510 > 612

1

12

6 < 10 5 < 6 3
93

 11
f ( x) =

(x

+ 1 ln x , x > 0 .

1
> 0 x > 0 .
x

i.

2 x ln x +

ii.

f f ( x ) = 0 .

iii.

x0 ,1 ,

1
e

A ( x0 , f ( x0 ) ) C f .
iv.

C f .

i.

2 xln x +

x >0
1
> 0 2 x 2 ln x + 1 > 0 ,
x

=
g ( x ) 2 x 2 ln x + 1 , x > 0 .
g ( 0, + )

g (=
x ) 4 xln x + 2=
x 2 x( 2 ln x + 1)

x >0

1
1
1

x =e 2 =
2
e

x >0

1
1
x>
,
2
e

x >0

1
1
0< x<
2
e

g ( x ) = 0 2 x( 2 ln x + 1) = 0 ln x =
g ( x ) > 0 2 x( 2 ln x + 1) > 0 ln x >
g ( x ) < 0 2 x( 2 ln x + 1) < 0 ln x <

g 0,

1

e

1
1

, + , x =

e
e

94

1
e 1
> 0.
g( =
)
e
e
g ( x) g (

1
) > 0 x > 0 ,
e

2 xln x +

ii.

1
> 0 x > 0 .
x

f ( x ) = x 2 + 1 ln x = 2 x ln x + x +

x > 0 2 xln x +

1
1

= x + 2 x ln x + > 0 ,
x
x

1
> 0 .
x

f ( 0, + ) .
x = 1 f ( x ) = 0 ,
.
iii.

1
x

1
x

f (=
x ) 2 x ln x + x + =
2 ln x + 3
2 ln x + 2 + 1 =
2

x2

1 2 2

f ( 3) ( x ) = 2 ln x + 3 2 = + 3 > 0 x > 0 .
x x x

( 3)

( x) > 0

( 0, + ) , f

( 0, + ) .

1
e

f =1 e 2 < 0 f (1)= 2 > 0 f

,1 , Bolzano
e

1
x0 ,1 , f ( x0 ) = 0 , f
e
.

0 < x < x0

x > x0

f . .

f . .

f ( x ) < f ( x0 ) =
0

f ( x ) > f ( x0 ) =
0.

95

 f x0

A x0 , f ( x0 ) C f .
iv.

lim

x +

f ( x)
1

= lim x + ln x = ( + ) ( + ) = +
x +
x
x

C f + .

lim f ( x ) = lim+ x 2 + 1 ln x = ,

x 0+

x 0

lim+ x 2 + 1 =
1 lim+ ln x = . C f
x 0

x 0

x = 0 .

96

 12

f ( x ) =
x + ln x 2 + 1 .
i.

f R .

ii.

: x =
4 ln17 ln x 2 + 1 .

iii.

x4 + 1
: x x > ln 6
.
x +1

f R .
i.

2x
x 2 + 1 + 2 x ( x + 1)

f ( x) =
1+ 2
=2
=
.
x +1
x +1
x2 + 1
2

f ( x ) > 0 ( , 1) ( 1, + ) f 1 ,
f R .
ii.

x 4 =ln17 ln x 2 + 1 x + ln x 2 + 1 =4 + ln 42 + 1
f ( x ) = f ( 4)
f 1-1 ,
:

x = 4.
iii.

x4 + 1
x x > ln 6
x 3 x 2 > ln x 4 + 1 ln x 6 + 1
x +1
3

((

x 3 + ln x 3

( )

( )

f x3 > f x 2

((

+ 1 > x 2 + ln x 2

f . .

+1

x3 > x 2 x 2 ( x 1) > 0 x > 1 .

97

 13
f ( x=
) x2 ex .
i.

f .

ii.

f ( x + 1) > f ( x + 1) f ( x ) x > 0 .

f R .
i.

f ( x ) = 2x ex + x2 ex ,

f ( x ) = 2e x + 2 x e x + 2 x e x + x 2 e x =

(x

+ 4x + 2 ex .

f ( x ) =0 x =2 2 .
f :

f , 2 2

2 + 2, + 2 2, 2 + 2 .

ii.

2 + 2 < 0 , x > 0 [ x, x + 1] 2 + 2, +

f ( x ) > 0 2 + 2, + f

2 + 2, + , [ x, x + 1] .

f [ x, x + 1] ( x, x + 1) ,
f [ x, x + 1] :
( x, x + 1) ,

98

f ( )=

f ( x + 1) f ( x )
x +1 x

f ( )= f ( x + 1) f ( x ) .

f ( x + 1) > f ( x + 1) f ( x ) f ( x + 1) > f ( )

f . .

x +1 > ,

, .

99

 14

f ,3 ,3
2
2

1
f = 2 f ( 3) = 12 .
2
i.

1
2

,3 ,

C f A , f ( )
=
y 4x + 2 .

ii.

1
2

,3 ,

C f B , f ( ) O ( 0, 0 ) .

i.

f ,3 ,3 ,
2
2
:

1
2

,3 ,

( )
f=

f ( 3) f ( 12 ) 12 2
= =
4.
5
3 12
2

C f A , f ( )

( ) 4 ,
f=

=
y 4x + 2 .
ii.

C f B , f ( ) :

y f (=
) f ( )( x )
O ( 0, 0 ) ,

f (=
) f ( )( ) f (=
) f ( ) .

(1)

100

 g ( x ) =

f ( x)
x

, x ,3 .
2

g ,3 ,
2

1
2

,3 , .
:

1 2
g = 1= 4
2 2

g ( 3=
)

12
= 4,
3

1
2
1
1
,3 . ,3 ,
2
2

g = g ( 3) , Rolle g

g ( ) =
0

f ( ) f ( )1

f ( ) .
=
0 f ( ) =
1
2

(1), ,3

, C f , f ( )

O ( 0, 0 ) .

101

 15
1. f
. :

+
f ( ) + f ( ) 2 f
, .
2

=
f ( x)
2.

2 x2
, x > 1 .
x +1

i.

f .

ii.

>

1
1
, > :
e
e

2 ln 2
2 ln 2 2 ln 2
+
2
ln + 1
ln + 1
ln + 1

1. f , f
.

= ,

+
f ( ) + f ( ) 2 f

2 f ( ) 2 f ( )
.

< .

+
f ( ) + f ( ) 2 f
2
+
f ( ) f
2

+
2

+
f

+
2

f ( )

(1)

> 0 , (1)
102

 +
f ( ) f
2
+

+
f
f ( )
2
+

(2)

+
+
, 2 2 , , :

1 ,

+
2

+
f
f ( )
2

f (1 ) =

2
+
, ,
2

+
f ( ) f
2
f ( 2 ) =
+

(2) f ( 2 ) f (1 ) , f
2 1 .
.
> .

2. f ( x ) =

2 x2
, x > 1 .
x +1

2 x ) ( x + 1) ( 2 x ) ( x + 1)
(
=
f ( x) =
2

( x + 1)

f ( x )

x2 2x 2

( x + 1)

)(

2
2
2 x 2 ( x + 1) x 2 2 x 2 ( x + 1)
=
4
( x + 1)

(x

( x + 1)

f ( x ) > 0 x > 1 , f ( 1, + ) .

103

i.

>

1
1
, > , ln > 1 ln > 1 .
e
e

2 ln 2
2 ln 2 2 ln 2
+
2

ln + 1
ln + 1
ln + 1

ln + ln
2
2
2

2 ( ln ) 2 ( ln )
2

+
2
ln + ln
ln + 1
ln + 1
+1
2
2

ln + ln
f ( ln ) + f ( ln ) 2 f

, 1)
f ( 1, + ) ln > 1
ln > 1 .

: 16/12/11

104


4:

1
i.

f . F f
, :

G(x) = F(x) + c, c f

G f G(x) = F(x) + c, c

ii.

c > 0 ,

cdx ;

i. G(x)
= F(x) + c , c , f
, G (x)= (F(x) + c)= F(x)= f (x) , x .
G f . x F(x) = f (x)
G (x) = f (x) , G (x) = F(x) , x .
c G(x)
= F(x) + c , x .

ii. c > 0 ,

cdx

- c.

 2
i.

[, ] . G f
[, ] ,

ii.

f (t)dt= G() G() .

f, g [, ]

Cf , Cg , x = x = .
, f (x) g(x) x [, ] .

i.

F(x) =

f (t)dt f [, ] .

G f [, ] , c ,
G(x)
= F(x) + c . (1)
(1), x = ,

G() = F() + c =

c G() .
f (t)dt + c = c , =

, G(x)= F(x) + G() , , x = ,

G() = F() + G() = f (t)dt + G()

ii.=
E

f (t)dt=

G() G() .

[f (x) g(x)]dx

 3
f :[, ] .
Cf , x x x =
, x =
;

: E() = f (x)dx .

 4
i.

f .
f ;

ii.

f, g [, ]

Cf , Cg x = x = . ,
f (x) g(x) [, ] .

i. f . f
F F(x) = f (x) ,
x .
ii. E
=

f (x) g(x)dx .

 5
f [, ] Cf ,
x x x = x = . .

f (x) 0

f (x) 0

f [, ] .

f (x) 0 Cf

x =
, x =
xx' E() = f (x)dx .

f (x) 0 Cf
x =
, x =
xx' E()=

(f (x))dx .

f [ , ]
Cf x =
, x =
xx'

E() = f (x) dx .

 6
i.

ii.

f :

F(x) =

g(x )

f (t)dt .

i. f [, ] . G f
[, ] , :

f (t)dt= G() G().

F(x) =

f (t)dt f [, ] .

G f [, ] c ,
G(x)
= F(x) + c . (1)
(1), x = ,

G() = F() + c =

c G() . , G(x)= F(x) + G() , ,

f (t)dt + c = c , =

x = , G() = F() + G() =

ii.

g(x )

f (t)dt + G()

f (t)dt= G() G() .

f (t)dt = f (g(x))g(x)

 7
f .

F(x)
=

f (t)dt, x ;

F(x) = f (x) .


1
:
=
f (x)

n(t 2 8)dt F(x) = f (u)du .

3

i.

f F .

ii.

F
.

iii.

f (x) 0 x > 2 2

iv.

F .

i. (t)= n(t 2 8) .
: t 2 8 > 0 t 2 > 8 t > 2 2 t (, 2 2) (2 2, + )
A = (, 2 2) (2 2, +) . f
: x (2 2, +) , 3 (2 2, +) .
F : f (2 2, +) 3 (2 2, +) :

x>2 2.
=
D F (2 2, +) .

ii. f, F (2 2, +) F(x) = f (x)

(x) n(x 2 8) x > 2 2 .

F=
(X) f=
:

F(x) =0 n(x 2 8) =0 n(x 2 8) =n1 x 2 8 =1 x =3 , x > 2 2 .

( ln 1-1)

F(x) < 0 n(x 2 8) < 0 x 2 8 < 1 x 2 < 9 x < 3 2 2 < x < 3 .

x > 2 2 ( ln ).
F x (2 2,3) .

F(x) > 0 x > 3

F x > 3 . , M(3, F(3)) = (3, 0)
C F .
iii. :

F(x) = f (x) x (2 2, +) . , f
F : f (x) < 0 2 2 < x < 3 ii) f (x) > 0 x > 3
ii). f x = 3 , : f (x) f (3) f (x) 0
x (2 2, +) .
iv. :

F=
(x) f (x) 0 x (2 2, +) ( iii.) x = 3 .
, F .

2x 3 + 3x
x2 +1

f : : f (x) =
i.

f .

ii.

iii.

f x .

iv.

: lim
x +

1
2
x

f (t)dt .

i. x f

2x 3 + 3x (6x 2 + 3)(x 2 + 1) (2x 3 + 3x)2x 6x 4 + 3x 2 + 6x 2 + 3 4x 4 6x 2

=
f (x) =
=
=

2
(x 2 + 1) 2
(x 2 + 1) 2
x +1

2x 4 + 3x 2 + 3
>0
(x 2 + 1) 2

2x 4 + 3x 2 + 3 > 0 x . f ,
1-1, .
ii. f

( lim f ( x ) , lim f ( x ))
x

x +

2x 3 + 3x
2x 3
=
= 2 lim x =
lim
x x 2 + 1
x x 2
x

: lim f (x) = lim

x

2x 3 + 3x
2x 3
lim
=
= lim 2x = + .
x + x 2 + 1
x + x 2
x +

lim f (x) = lim

x +

f ( ) = ( lim f (x), lim f (x)) = ( , +) .

x

x +

iii. f , ,
.
.

10

2x 3 + 3x
f (x)
x2 +1
=
lim
lim
=
x x
x
x

2x 3 + 3x
2x 3
=
lim =
lim
2
x x 3 + x
x x 3

2x 3 + 3x

2x
lim [f=
(x) 2x] lim 2 =
x
x
x +1

2x 3 + 3x 2x 3 2x
x
= lim
=
2
2
x
x

x +1
x +1
lim

x
1
= lim
= lim
= 0.
x x 2
x x
y = 2x Cf

iv. :
=
f (t)dt
0

3
x 2t + 3t
=
0 t 2 + 1 dt

2t 3 + 2t + t
=
0 t 2 + 1 dt
x

x
x
x
2t(t 2 + 1) + t
t
t
=
=
+
=
+
dt
2t
dt
2tdt

0 t 2 + 1 0 t 2 + 1 0
0 t 2 + 1dt =
x

x
x
1 x (t 2 + 1)
1
1
1
= t 2 + 2
dt = x 2 + ln(t 2 + 1) = x 2 + ln(x 2 + 1) ln1 = x 2 + ln(x 2 + 1)
0
0
2 0 t +1
2
2
2

1
x 2 + ln(x 2 + 1)
f
(t)dt
1
0
2
lim=
=
=
f (t)dt lim
lim
x + x 2 0
x +
x +
x2
x2
x

1 ln(x 2 + 1)
1
ln(x 2 + 1)
1
(ln(x 2 + 1))
=
+
=
+
lim 1 +
1
lim
1
lim

x +
x2
2 x +
x2
2 x +
(x 2 )
2

1
(x 2 + 1)
2
1
1
1
1
1 + lim x + 1
1 + lim 2
1 + 0 =
1.
=
=
=
2 x +
2x
2 x + x + 1
2

11

 3
f :
f (x)
=
i.

f .

ii.

g(x) =

iii.

: lim

ln2xf (xt)dt + 1 .
0

f (x)
f.
2x

f (x)
f (x)
lim x
x
x + 5
x 5

i. :
=
f (x) ln2 xf (xt)dt + 1 (1). xt = u , xdt = du
0

t = 0 u = 0

t =1 u =x

(1) :
=
f (x) ln2
f (u)

f (u)du + 1 (2).

f (u)du f

=
f (x) (ln2 f (u)du
=
+ 1) ln2f (x) (3)
0

ii. g(x) = 0 . x :
x
x
x
x
f (x) f (x)2 f (x)(2 ) f (x)2 f (x)2 ln2 f (x) f (x)ln2 (3)
=
=
0
=
=
g(x) =
x
(2 x ) 2
2x
(2 x ) 2
2

g ( x ) = c

f (x)
= c.
2x

f (x)
=
c f (x) =
c 2x
x
2
f (0) = 1 ( (2)), c = 1 f (x) = 2 x .

12

iii. :
x

2
f (x)
2x
2
lim= lim
= lim=
0 , 0 < < 1 .
x + 5x
x + 5x
x + 5
5

f (x)
2x
2
lim x = lim x = lim = + .
x 5
x 5
x 5

13

 4
f : : f (x)= 2e x 2 +
x .
i.

f .

ii.

f .

iii.

: lim f (x) .

iv.

f .

2x

f (t x)dt

i. =
g(x)

2x

f (t x)dt . t x = u t = x + u , dt = du .

t = x u = 0

t = 2x u = x

: g(x) =

f (u)du

, : f (x)= 2e x 2 +
f f1 (x) =

f (u)du (1)

f (u)du f.

f 2 (x)
= 2e x 2 , f ,
.
ii. (1) i) :

f (x) =
2e x + f (x) f (x) f (x) =
2e x e x f (x) e x f (x) =
2
(e x f (x)) = (2x) e x f (x) = 2x + c f (x) = 2xe x + ce x (2)
(1) x = 0 : f (0) = 0 (3)
(3)

(2) x = 0 : =
f (0) c=
c 0 . : f (x) = 2xe x .
iii. :

2x
lim
f (x) lim=
(2xe ) lim
=
=
x
x
x e x
x

2
1
lim
= 0 , lim e x = lim = + .
x
x e
x e x

14

iv. iii) : lim f (x) = 0 , y = 0 Cf

.

f (x)
2xe x
= lim
= lim (2e x ) = + .
x + x
x +
x +
x

: lim

Cf + . f

, , Cf .

15

 5
f (x)
f =

x 2

ln(16 t 2 )dt .

i.

f .

ii.

f .

iii.

Cf A(4, f (4)) .

iv.

i. (t)= ln(16 t 2 ) .
: 16 t 2 0 t (4, 4) A = (4, 4) , :

2 (4, 4)

4 < x 2 < 4 2 < x < 6

x 2 (4, 4)

f D f = (2, 6) .

ii. (t)= ln(16 t 2 ) (4, 4) K(x)= x 2

(2, 6) f (2, 6)

f (x) = (

x 2

ln(16 t 2 )dt) = ln[16 (x 2) 2 ](x 2) = ln( x 2 + 4x + 12) .

iii. : f (4)=

ln(16 t 2 )dt= 0 f (4) = ln(16 + 16 + 12) = ln12

Cf A(4, f (4)) :

: y f (4)
= f (4)(x 4)
: y=
0 ln12(x 4)
=
: y ln(12)x 4ln12

16

iv. x (2, 6) :

f (x) = (ln( x 2 + 4x + 12)) =

=

( x 2 + 4x + 12)
=
x 2 + 4x + 12

2x + 4
2(x 4)
.
=
2
2
x + 4x + 12 x 4x 12

f (x) 0

2(x 4)
0 2(x 4) 0 x 4 x 2 4x 12 < 0 (2, 6) .
x 4x 12
2

f [4, 6) .
f (x) 0 x 4 . f (2, 4] .
H f 4 Cf

A(4, f (4)) , A(4, f (4)) = (4, 0) .

17

 6
f : :
x

=
3xf (x) 3 f (t)dt 24x 5 (1)
2

i.

f * .

ii.

f .

iii.

f .

iv.

: I =

f (x)dx .

1 x
f (t)dt 8x 4 (2) :

2
x

i. x 0 :
=
f (x)

1

x
1 x
1 x
4
.

f
(t)dt
=
f
(x)
f (t)dt 8x 4

8x

2
2
x
x
*
.

f (t)dt

ii. (1) x 0 :

40x 3
3f (x) + 3xf (x) =
3f (x) 120x 4 f (x) =
iii. ii) : f (x) = 40x 3 x 0 .

x > 0 , : f (x) =
10x 4 + C1 (3)
x = 2 (1) : 6f (2) =
768 f (2) =
128
x = 2 (3) : f (2) =
160 + C1 : 160 + C1 =
128 C1 =
32 .
f (x) =
10x 4 + 32 x > 0 .

x < 0 , : f (x) =
10x 4 + C2 (4)
x = 2 : f (2) =
160 + C2 f
18

f (2) = f (2) 160 + C2 = 128 C 2 = 32

f (x) =
10x 4 + 32 x < 0

x = 0 , f : f (0) = lim f (x) = lim(10x 4 + 32) = 32

x 0

x 0

f (x) =
10x + 32 x .
4

iv. : I = f (x)dx = (10x 4 + 32)dx =

2

=
[2x 5 + 32x]22 =

=225 + 322 [2(2)5 + 32(2)] =

=
64 + 64 (64 64) =
0.

19

 7
: f (x)
= 3x 2 +

t(x + t)dt , x (1).

i.

f (x) .

ii.

Cf M(0, f (0)) .

iii.

f .

i. : x + t = u dt = du .

t = 0 : u = x

t = x : u = 0 .
(1) :
0

f (x)
= 3x 2 + (u x)udu f (x)
= 3x 2 uudu + x udu (2)
x :
x

f (x)
= 6x xx + udu + xx f (x)
= 6x + udu (3)
ii. (2) x = 0 : f (0) = 0 (3) x = 0 :

f (0) = 0 .
Cf M(0, f (0)) :

y f (0)= f (0)(x 0) y 0= 0(x 0) y = 0 .

iii. x :
x

f (x)= (6x + udu)= 6 + x > 0 , 1 x 1 x .

0

20


1
=
f (x) 3xlnx 3x g(x) =

f (t)dt .
x

i.

ii.

g .

iii.

3e 2 9
.
: g(x)
4 4

iv.

K(x) = g(3x 2 ) , x > 0

i. f :

D=
(0, +) . 1 (0, +) g :
f
D=
(0, +) .
g
ii. f , g ,

x
f (t)dt =
f (x) =
3xlnx + 3x .
g(x) =
1

: g(x) > 0 3xlnx + 3x > 0 3x(lnx 1) > 0

lnx < 1 x < e , x (0, +) .

g (0,e], g [e, +) g
x = e .
iii. :

g(x) g(e) (1), g x = e

g(e)=

(3xlnx 3x)dx= 3

xlnxdx 3 xdx=
e

1
x 2
x2
= 3 lnxdx 3 =

e
2
2 e
1

21

2
1x
x2

3 3e 2

= 3 lnx 3
( lnx ) dx =
+
e 2
2 2
2
e

1
3 1
e2
3 3e 2
= 3 ln1 lne xdx + =
2
2 2
2
2 e
1

3
3 x 2 3 3e 2
=
e 2 lne +
=
2
2 2 e 2 2

3e 2 9
. (2)
4 4

(1),(2) : g(x)

3e 2 9
.
4

iv. f g

3x 2
1
=
2
2
=

K(x) =
f
(t)dt
f
(t)dt
1
f (3x )(3x ) =
3x2

=
6xf (3x 2 ) =
6x[9x 2 ln3x 2 9x 2 ] =
54x 3 (ln3x 2 1) .
: K (x) = 0 54x 3 (ln3x 2 1) = 0 ln3x 2 1= 0 , x (0, +) ,

ln3x 2 = lne x 2 =

e
e
x=
.
3
3

K(x) > 0 54x 3 (ln3x 2 1) > 0 ln3x 2 < 1

l n. .

x >0

ln3x 2 < lne 3x 2 < e 0 < x <

e
e
].
, (0,
3
3

e
, +) .
3

22

 2
f : (0, +) :

f (x) = x + 1 +

1
f (t)dt (1).
x

i.

f x > 0 .

ii.

f .

iii.

f .

iv.

Cf A(1, f (1))
:

2x + lnx 3x 1

i. : f (x) = x + 1 +

1 x
f (t)dt (1)
x 1

f (0, +) ,

f (t)dt (0, +)

1 x
f (t)dt (0, +) . f (0, +) .
x 1

ii. (1) : xf (x) = x 2 + x +

f (t)dt

f (x) + xf (x)= 2x + 1 + f (x)

xf (x) =+
2x 1 f (x) =
2+

1
f (x) =
( 2x + lnx )
x

f (x) = 2x + lnx + c (2)

(1) x = 1 : f (1) = 2 (2) x = 1 : f (1)= 2 + c .
: 2 + c = 2 c = 0 . f (x) =
2x + lnx, x > 0 .

iii. x > 0 : f (x) =( 2x + lnx ) =2 +

x > 0 . f (0, +) .

1
1
1

> 0 f (x) =
2
+
2 < 0 ,

=
x
x
x

23

iv. :

f (1) =2 + ln1 =2

f (1) = 2 + 1 = 3

Cf : y 2= 3(x 1) =
y 3x 1
f (x)
= 2x + lnx ( iii.) : 2x + lnx 3x 1 . x = 1 .

24

2e
x

f f (x) =+ 2lnx, x > 0 .

i.

f .

ii.

iii.

x
x e x > 0 > 0 =e .
e

iv.

Cf

x
x e
e x > 0 .
e

x = 1 x = e 2 .

2e
2e 2 2(x e)
+ 2lnx =
+ =
x2 x
x2
x

i. x > 0 : f (x)=
:

f (x) < 0 x < e , f (0, e] .

f (x) > 0 x > e , f [e, +) .

f x = e . f ( x ) f ( e ) f (e) = 2 + 2 = 4 .
ii. x > 0 . :
x

x
x
x e
x e
e ln lne
e
e

xln

x
x e x ( lnx lne ) x e xlnx x x e
e
x >0

xlnx 2x + e 0 lnx 2 +
2lnx +

e
0
x

2e
4 f (x) 4 i). ( ln )
x

25

iii. x > 0 :
x

x
x
x e
x e
ln ln x(lnx lne) (x e)ln
e
e

xlnx x xln + eln 0 (1)

g(x)
= xlnx x xln + eln, x > 0 > 0 , :

g(x)= lnx + 1 1 ln = lnx ln

(1) : g(x) 0 , x > 0 . g(e) = 0 . g(x) g(e) x > 0 .
g x = e
Fermat :

g(e) = 0 lne ln = 0 = e .

2e
x

iv. : f (x) =+ 2lnx, x > 0

:

1 x e 2 lnx 0

2e
> 0 , : f (x) > 0 [0, e 2 ] ,
x

e2 2e
e2
e2

E = + 2lnx dx =2e [ lnx ]1 + 2 lnxdx =

1
1
x

e2
e2
1
e2
=
2elne 2 + 2 (x)lnxdx =
4e + 2 [ xlnx ]1 x dx =
1
1
x

= 4e + 2e 2 lne 2 (e 2 1) = 4e + 4e 2 e 2 + 1 = 3e 2 + 4e + 1 .

26

 4
z =
1 + 2xi, x , f (x)=

z Im(z)

.
i.

z .

ii.

f.

iii.

f (x) z + 2f (x) =
0.

i. z = + i, , , =1
=
2x, x .
z x = 1 .

1 + 4x 2 Im(z) = 2x . f (x) = 1 + 4x 2 2x . f

ii. : z=

.
: lim f (x)
=
x +

lim

x +

1
1 + 4x + 2x
2

+ ( + )

lim ( 1 + 4x 2 2x) =

1 + 4x 2 4x 2
=
x +
1 + 4x 2 + 2x
lim

x +

= 0 , lim ( 1 + 4x 2 + 2x) = + .
x +

y = 0 Cf + .

x 2 + 4 + 2
f (x)
1 + 4x 2x
x
= 4
= lim
= lim
lim
x x
x
x

x
x
2

lim [ f (x) (=
4x) ] lim

( + ) + ( )

lim ( 1=
+ 4x 2 + 2x)

lim

1
1

x 2 + 4 + 2
x

1 + 4x 2 2x =
+ 4x

1 + 4x 2 4x 2
lim=
x
1 + 4x 2 2x

= 0.

y = 4x Cf .

27

iii. : f (x)=

1 + 4x 2 2x =

8x
2 1 + 4x 2

2=

4x
1 + 4x 2

2 :

4x

f (x) z + 2f=
(x)
2 1 + 4x 2 + 2 1 + 4x 2 =
4x 0 .
2
1
+
4x

28

 5
f : (0, +) f (x)
= lnx 1 .
E( ) Cf

i.

x x x = e x = > 0 .

ii.

lim+ E( ) .

iii.

Cf M(e 2 , f (e 2 )) .

iv.

,
Cf xx .

i. :

> e : =
E()

=
f (x)dx

1)dx
( lnx =

e)
(x)lnxdx (=

= [ xlnx ]e x dx + e = ln e ( e) + e =
e
x

= ln e + e + e = ln 2 + e ( e < x < ln x > 1 )

0 < < e ,

E( )=

(f (x))dx=

(1 lnx )dx=
e

(e ) (x)lnxdx=

= e [ xlnx ] + x(lnx)dx =
e

= e e + ln + (e ) = ln 2 + e .

ii.: lim+ E(=

) lim+ (ln 2 +=
e) lim+ ln 0 +=
e lim+
0

(ln)
e lim+
= lim+
+=
0
0
1
2
1

ln
+=
e
1

e lim+ () + =
e e.
+=
0

29

iii. Cf M(e 2 , f (e 2 )) : y f (e 2 =
) f (e 2 )(x e 2 )
f (e 2=
) lne 2 =
1 1 f (e 2 ) =

: y
=
1

1
1
. A f ( x ) =
2
x
e

1
1
x e2 ) y = 2 x .
2 (
e
e

1
< 0 , f ,
x2
f .
iv. x > 0 : f (x) =

=
E

e2

e2
1
xdx

)dx
e ( lnx 1=
e2
e2

e2
e2
1 x2
1 e4
2
= 2 lnxdx + ( e =

e)

(x)lnxdx + e 2 =
e
2

e
e
e 2 0
e 2

e2
e2
1
e2
e2
[ xlnx ]e + x dx + e 2 e =
e 2 lne 2 + elne + e 2 e + e 2 e =
e
2
x
2

e2
e2
2
2
2
=
2 e + e + e e + e e= ( e) ..
2
2

30

f : (0, +) : f (x) =
3

i.

f .

ii.

f .

iii.

g(x)
g =

iv.

Cf M(2, f (2)) .

3f (t ) dt du + 3x 3 .

1
3
2
( f (x) ) + 3f (x ) .
2
ln3

i. : (t) =
3f (t ) h(u) =

3f (t ) dt

, h g(x) =

h(u)du

. f .

ii. x (0, +) : f (x) =

3
3 3f (t ) dt + 3 . f (x) =
2

x > 0 f (x) =3h(x) + 3 =3

x > 0 . f .

=
g(x)
iii. x > 0 :

h(u)dt + 3x 3

33f (x ) < 0
3f (t ) dt + 3 f (x) =

1
3 f (x )
2f (x)f (x) +
3 ln3 f (x) =
2
ln3

)
0 f (x) = 33f (x ) .
= f (x) f (x) + 33f (x=

iv. : f (2) = 3 f (2) = 3 .

y 3= 3(x 2) =
y 3x 3

31

 7
f (x) = e x + x 3 + x 2 .
i.

f .

ii.

f .

iii.

f 1 .

iv.

: I =

f 1 (x)dx

i. f , f (x) = e x + 3x 2 + 1 > 0
x . f .
ii. i) f , 1-1 .
iii. f , :

f (R) = ( lim f (x), lim f (x)) .

x

x +

: lim f (x) = lim (e x + x 3 + x 2) = 0 2 =

x

lim f (x) = lim (e x + x 3 + x 2) = + .

x +

x +

f ( ) = (, +) . f 1 : D f 1 = f ( ) = (, +) .

iv. : I =

f 1 (x)dx . x = f (y) , : dx = f (y)dy . : f (0) = 1

f (1) = e . 0 1.
:

=
I

f 1 (x)dx
=
1

(y)dy
=
f 1 (f (y))f

yf (y)dy =
[yf (y)]10 (y)f (y)dy =

=
1f (1) 0 f (y)dy =f (1) (e y + y3 + y 2)dy =e [e y +

y4 y2
+ 2y]10 =
4
2

1 1
1 1
1 1
9
e [e + + 2 (e0 + 0 + 0 0)] =e e + 2 + 1 =
+3= .
4 2
4 2
4 2
4
32


1
f : f =
(x) 3e 2x 3 g :
:
2

f (x) 3 xg(2x + t)dt x .

0

:
2

i.

ii.

x 0 (0, 2) ,

iii.

=
F(x) x

iv.

xg(x) 1 +

g(t)dt = 2 .

g ( t )dt x
x

x0

g(t)dt = 1 .

F(x)=

g(t)dt + xg(x) 1 .

g(t)dt =0 (0, x 0 ) .

i.
=
h(x)

u 2x + t du = dt . t = 0 , : u = 2x .
xg(2x + t)dt . =

t = 2 ,:

=
u 2x + 2 . h(x) = x

2x + 2

2x

: f (x) 3x

2x + 2

2x

g(u)du

g(u)du 3e 2x 3 3x

2x + 2

2x

g(u)du 0 .

K(x)
= 3e 2x 3 3x

2x + 2

2x

g(u)du , :

K(x) K(0) x .
Fermat
x 0 = 0 K (0) = 0 (1).

K(x) =
6e 2x 3

2x + 2

2x

g(u)du 3x

2x

g(u)du +

2x + 2

g(u)du =

33

6e 2x 3

2x + 2

2x

g(u)du 3x ( 2g(2x) + 2g(2x + 2) ) (2)

(1),(2) : 6 3

g(u)du =
0 g(u)du =
2
0

ii. : =
(x)

g(t)dt 1 .

g(t)dt .

[0,2].
: (0)(2) = (1)

g(t)dt 1 = (1)(2 1) = 1 < 0 .

Bolzano x 0 (0, 2) , :
x0

x0

(x 0 ) = 0 g(t)dt 1 = 0 g(t)dt = 1 .
iii. :

g(t)dt g.

F F=
(x)

x)
( x g(t)dt =
x

g(t)dt + xg(x) 1 .

iv. :

, [0, x 0 ] .

F (0, x 0 ) ( iii) F(x)=

F(0) = F(x 0 ) , :

g(t)dt + xg(x) 1 .

F(0) = 0
x0

=
F(x 0 ) x 0 g(t)dt
=
x0 0
0

Rolle (0, x 0 ) (0, 2)

:

F()= 0 g(t)dt + g() 1= 0 .

0

34

e
x

f f (x) = + lnx + 1, x > 0 .

i.

f f .

ii.

f .

iii.

(1, 4 ) , f () =31 .

iv.

Cf , x x
x = 1 x = e 2 .

e
e 1 x e
+ lnx + 1 = 2 + =
x
x2
x
x

i. f x > 0 f (x) =
f (x) > 0 x > e f (x) < 0 x < e

f [e, +) (0, e] x = e
f (e) =

e
+ lne + 1 = 3 .
e

ii. :

e
e + x ln x + x
lim+ f (x) = lim+ ( + lnx + 1) = lim+
= +
x 0
x 0 x
x 0
x

lnx +
(lnx)
lim+ (xlnx)= lim+
= lim+
= lim+ ( x)= 0 .
x 0
x 0
x 0
x 0
1

1

x
x
x = 0 Cf .

f (x)
lnx
e lnx 1
= lim 2 +
+ = 0 + lim
+0=0
x + x
x + x
x + x
x x

: lim

lnx
x + x

+
+

lim=

( lnx ) =
1
e

lim = lim
0 lim f (x) = lim + lnx + 1 = +
x +
x + x
x + (x)
x + x

lim lnx = + .
x +

Cf + .
35

iii. g(x)
= f (x) 3x 1 [1,4]
: g(1)g(4) < 0

g(1) = f (1) 30 = e + ln1 + 1 1 = e > 0

g(4) = f (4) 33 =

e
+ ln4 + 1 33 < 0 .
4

Bolzano (1, 4)

g() = 0 f () = 31 .
iv. :

1 x e 2 lnx 0

e
e
> 0 . f (x) = + lnx + 1 > 0
x
x

x [1, e 2 ] . :

=
E

e2

=
+ lnx + 1dx
x

e2

e2
e
dx + lnxdx + 1(e 2 =
1)
1
x

e2

= e [ lnx ]1 + (x)lnxdx + =
e2 1
e2

e2
1
e2
= e(lne 2 ln1) + [ xlnx ]1 x dx + e2=
1
1
x

= 2e + e 2 lne 2 1(e 2 1) + e 2 1 = 2e + 2e 2 .

36

 3
f f=
(x)

2lnx
+ x + 3, x > 0 .
x

Cf A(1, f (1)) ()

i.

: y =
3x .
ii.

f .

iii.

Cf + .

iv.

Cf ,
Cf + : x = 1 x = e .

i. x > 0 :

lnx ) x lnx (x)

(
2lnx

lnx

+ x +=
+ 2
=
+
f=
(x)
3 2
=
x2
x

= 2

1 lnx
2 2lnx
+
=
f (x)
+.
2
x
x2

Cf A(1, f (1)) :

f (1) =

20
+ = 2 + :
1

=
2 + = 3 = 1 . f (x)

2lnx
2 2lnx
+ x + 3, x > 0
=
f (x)
+1.
x
x2

f (x)
ii. x > 0 :=

2 2lnx
2 2lnx + x 2
=
+1
.
x2
x2

g(x) =x 2 2lnx + 2, x > 0 .

: g(x) = 2x

2 2x 2 2
=
x
x

x >0

=
g(x) 0=
x 1.

37

g(x) > 0

x >0
x >0
2x 2 2
> 0 x 2 1 > 0 x > 1 x > 1 .
x

g [1, +)
g (0,1] . g .
: g(x) g(1) g(x) 3 > 0 , f (x) > 0 x > 0 , f
.
iii. :

2lnx
+ x +3
f (x)
x

lim
lim
=
=
x + x
x +
x

3
lnx
lim 2 2 + 1 + = 20 + 1 + 0= 1 ,
x +
x
x
1
+

lnx )
(
lnx +
1
x
lim
lim = lim
lim
0.
=
=
=
2
x + x
x +
x + 2x
x + 2x 2
2
x

( )

lnx

lim [ f=
(x) x ] lim 2
+ x=
+3 x
x +
x +
x

( lnx ) + 3
lnx

lim 2=
+ 3 2 lim =
x +
x + (x)
x

1
= 2 lim =
+ 3 3 . f + y= x + 3 .
x + x

iv.
=
E

f (x) x 3dx
=

lnx
+ x + 3 x 3 dx =
x

*
e lnx
lnx
=
2
dx
2
=
1 x
1 x dx
e

= n 2 x = n 2 e n 21 = 1 .
1

*( 1 < x < e ln x > 0

ln x
)
x

38

 4
f,g f (x) =2 +

2
g(x) = 3lnx , x (0, +) .
x

i.

h h(x)
= f (x) g(x) .

ii.

f g : x = 1 x = ,
> 0 .

iii.

lim E( ) .

iv.

lim+ E( ) .

i. :

h(x) =f (x) g(x) =2 +

h (x) =

2
2
3lnx = 3lnx 2 x > 0 .
x
x

2 3
< 0 , h (0, +) . h(1) = 0 .
x2 x

:
x > 1 h(x) < h(1) h(x) < 0 0 < x < 1
h(x) > h(1) h(x) > 0 .
ii. > 1 < 1 .
:

> 1 :

=
E()

| f (x) g(x)
=
| dx

| h(x) | dx

E() = h(x)dx = 3lnx 2 dx =

1
1
x

= 2 [ lnx ]1 + 3 (x)lnxdx + 2( 1) =

1
= 2(ln ln1) + 3[xlnx]1 3 x dx + 2 2 =
1
x

= 2ln + 3ln 3( 1) + 2 2 = 2ln + 3ln 3 + 3 + 2 2 =

39

= (3 2)ln + 1 .

0 < < 1 :
1

E( ) = | h(x) | dx = h(x)dx = h(x)dx ,

1

E()= (3 2)ln + 1 .

=1 E(1) = 0 . E( )= (3 2)ln + 1 .

iii. :

lim E(
=
) lim [(3 2)ln + 1=
] lim (3ln 2ln =
+ 1)

= lim [(3ln 2
+

ln
1
1 + )] = (+)(+ 20 1 + 0) = + .

ln

lim ln = + lim=
+

(ln)
1
= 0.
lim = lim
+

()

iv. : lim+=
E() lim+ ( 3 2 ) ln + 1=

0
0

[(0 2)() + 1 0] =

+ .

40

 5
f : * ,
(, 0) (0, +) .
=
F(x)

2010 x

f (t)dt +

f (t)dt , :

i.

g g(x) =

ii.

=
F(x)

iii.

F .

iv.

F(x) 2

1005

f (t)dt +

2010 x

f (t)dt .

f (t)dt.

f (t)dt x (0, 2010) .

i. f D f = (, 0) (0, +) 2
(0, +) .
g D=
(0, +) .
g
ii. : F(x) =
g(x) + g(2010 x)
=
h(x) g(2010 x) x

2010 x > 0 x < 2010 . D h = (, 2010) .

F x x D g
x D h x > 0 x < 2010 .
D F = (0, 2010) .
iii. x (0, 2010) :

2010 x

F(x) =
f (t)dt +

) (

x
f
(t)dt
=
+

2010 x

f (t)dt =

f (t)dt =

= f (x) + f (2010 x)(2010 x) = f (x) f (2010 x) .

41

: F(x) = 0 f (x) = f (2010 x) x = 2010 x x =1005 f

1-1.
:

F(x) < 0 f (x) f (2010 x) < 0

f (x) < f (2010 x) x < 2010 x 0 < x < 1005 , f .

F(x) > 0 f (x) f (2010 x) > 0

f (x) > f (2010 x) x > 2010 x x (1005, 2010) .
F (0,1005] F [1005,2010]
iv. H F x = 1005 , x (0, 2010) :

F(x) F(1005) F(x)

1005

f (t)dt +

1005

f (t)dt F(x) 2

1005

f (t)dt.

42

 6
f =
f (x) 3ln(xe1 x ) + 2, x > 0 .
i.

f .

ii.

f .

iii.

3f (x) + 2011 =
0.

iv.

Cf , x x
x = 1 x = 2 .

i. x (0, +) :

(x) (3lnxe1 x =
+ 2) 3
f=

1
1 x
(xe=
)
1 x
xe

3
3
1 x
(e1 x + x(e=
))
(e1 x + xe1 x (1 =
x))
1 x
xe
xe1 x
3
3(1 x)
x
e1=
(1 x)
1 x
xe
x

f (x) > 0

3(1 x)
> 0 x < 1 x > 0 . f (0,1]
x

f (x) < 0

3(1 x)
< 0 x >1
x

f x 1 .
f x = 1 f (1)= 3ln1 + 2= 2

ii. :
=
f ((0, +)) ( lim+ f (x), f (1)] ( lim f (x), f (1)]
x 0

x +

1 x
lim f (x) = lim[3ln(xe
) + 2] = 3 lim+ ln(xe1 x ) + 2 =
+

x 0+

x 0

x 0

lim (xe1 x ) = 0

x 0+

lim f (x) = lim [3ln(xe1 x ) + 2] =

x +

x +

43

x +
(x)
1
lim=
(xe1 x ) lim
lim
lim
0.
=
=
=

x
1
x
1
x +
x + e
x + (e
) x + e x 1

f (1) = 2

f ((0, +)) = ( , 2] .

2011
3

iii. : 3f (x) + 2011 =

0 f (x) =

2011
g(x) = f (x) , g f
3
2011
g((0,1]) = (, 2 +
] g (0,1]
3

g(x)
= f (x) +

2011
=
0 (0,1].
3
2011
g([1, +)) = (, 2 +
] g [1, +)
3

f (x) +

2011
=
0 [1, +) .
3
3f (x) + 2011 =
0 , (0,1] [1, +) .
f (x) +

: iii) .
iv. :

f (1) = 2

2
f (2)= 3ln + 2= 3ln2 3lne + 2= 3ln2 1 > 0 f
e

f ([1,=
2]) [3ln2 + 1, 2] f (x) > 0 [1,2].
f (x)= 3lnx + 3lne1 x + 2
= 3lnx + 3(1 x) + 2= 3lnx + 5 3x .
2
2
2
3 2 2
f (x)dx
]1
= 3 lnxdx + (5 3x)dx
= 3 (x) lnxdx + [5x x=
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
= 3[xlnx]12 3 x(lnx)dx + 10 4 =
5+
1
2
2
2
3
3
= 3(2ln2 0) 3 1dx + 10 6 5 + = 6ln2 3(2 1) + =
1
1
2
2
5
= 6ln2 ..
2

E
=

44

 7
f : (0, +) , f (x) = 2x 4 + 3lnx + 2 .
i.

f .

ii.

f .

iii.

: =
4

iv.

f :

3 1
ln 1 > 0 .
2

I = f 1 (t)dt .
0

i. x > 0 : f (x) = 8x 3 +
.

3
> 0 . f (0, +) ,
x

ii. :

lim f (x) = lim+ (2x 4 + 3lnx + 2) = 0 + 2 = .

x 0+

x 0

lim f (x) = lim (2x 4 + 3lnx + 2) = + + + 2 = + .

x +

x +

f (0, +) , i), :
f ((0, +)) = (, +) .
iii. > 0 :

3 1
4 = ln 1 2 4 =3(ln1 ln ) 2 2 4 =3ln 2
2

2 4 + 3ln + 2= 0 f ( )= 0 .
> 0 , f ( ) =0 .
f
( ) f (0, +) .

45

iv. f 1-1 .
t= f (x) dt= f (x)dx . t = 0 0 =
f (x) x =
.
f :11

t = 4 4 = f (x) f (1) = f (x) x = 1 .

:

f 1 (t)dt
=

f 1 (f (x))f (x)dx
=

xf (x)dx
=

x 8x

3
=
dx
x

x5

8
8 5
23
8 5

+
=
(8x
3)dx
8 5 + 3x =5 + 3 5 + 3 = 5 3 + 5 .

:15/11/2011

46