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Arabic Tutor 4
Arabic Tutor 4
Arabic Tutor
Volume 4
A Translation of
popularly known as
Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
email alinaam@alinaam.org
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
Contents
Transliteration ......................................................... 15
Preface ...................................................................... 18
Indications ............................................................... 25
Introduction............................................................. 27
Lesson 44 .................................................................. 28
The Numerals ...................................................... 28
Exercise No. 64 ................................................ 38
Exercise No. 65 ................................................ 39
Exercise No. 66 ................................................ 39
Lesson 45 .................................................................. 40
Miscellaneous Rules Regarding Numerals..... 40
Vocabulary List No. 42................................... 49
Exercise No. 67 ................................................ 50
Exercise No. 68 ................................................ 53
Exercise No. 69 ................................................ 54
Exercise No. 70 ................................................ 55
Lesson 46 .................................................................. 57
The Ordinal Numbers ........................................ 57
Vocabulary List No. 43................................... 67
Exercise No. 71 ................................................ 68
Exercise No. 72 ................................................ 70
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(^A[
H J.M C
M J]H C
M H J .M CE)..................................... 221
The Old Method of Explaining (^A[ H J.M C M J-E )
......................................................................... 228
Vocabulary List No. 48................................. 233
Exercise No. 87 .............................................. 235
Lesson 58 ................................................................ 239
The Cases of the Noun ..................................... 239
The Nominative Case....................................... 240
The (') and (Y Z#\) ........................... 240
Vocabulary List No. 49................................. 249
Exercise No. 88 .............................................. 251
Exercise No. 89 .............................................. 253
Exercise No. 90 .............................................. 254
Test No. 19 ..................................................... 255
Lesson 59 ................................................................ 257
The Subject and Predicate................................ 257
The Occasions Where the Predicate has to
Precede the Subject ....................................... 261
Exercise No. 91 .............................................. 264
Vocabulary List No. 50................................. 265
Exercise No. 92 .............................................. 267
Test No. 20 ..................................................... 270
Lesson 60 ................................................................ 272
The Accusative Case......................................... 272
The Object ...................................................... 272
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(
A J YA C _F H]<A`J A) .................................................... 278
Exercise 93...................................................... 281
Vocabulary List No. 51................................. 283
Exercise No. 94 .............................................. 284
Exercise No. 95 .............................................. 286
Exercise No. 96 .............................................. 287
Exercise No. 97 .............................................. 288
Lesson 61 ................................................................ 290
(a
M EDC .M C _F "J M YC .H CE).................................................... 290
The Object of Cause.......................................... 295
Vocabulary List No. 52................................. 297
Exercise No. 98 .............................................. 300
Exercise No. 99 .............................................. 301
Test No. 21 ..................................................... 304
Lesson 62 ................................................................ 306
The Adverb ........................................................ 306
The (@ _"Y) ................................................... 323
Vocabulary List No. 53................................. 326
Exercise No. 100 ............................................ 328
Exercise No. 101 ............................................ 330
Exercise No. 102 ............................................ 331
Test No. 22 ..................................................... 334
Lesson 63 ................................................................ 336
The Condition.................................................... 336
Exercise No. 103 ............................................ 341
Vocabulary List 54 ........................................ 342
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(A P c
H .M C
%d eA6
E 7F A J- (M [) ................................ 464
(_"Mf ^> (3[>)................................... 465
(H]EH0.
M C H]JK
A ).................................................... 479
(&Y< '!).................................................... 482
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Transliteration
ā
b
j t
5 th
k j
l h
m kh
d
n dh
( r
o z
p s
q sh
r s
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
s d
t t
u z
v à, í, ú
w gh
^ f
x q
y k
_ l
z m
n
ū
+ h
W ī, y
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Preface
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faculties.
Indications
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indicated by a (W).
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Introduction
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Lesson 44
The Numerals
(A 3
H H C ON H.$J !E)
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and ((cH).
place of (3
Q A H) and (H3J RA) in place of (G 3H A H). Also
remember that the (3) from 11 till 19 is
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Examples:
Feminine Masculine
G (H PLE GE H h
J H H3J RA 0E "J E H h
H H 3H H !E 11
H$H 4GE H h
H H H<HeCA J `H H h
H H HeCA 12
.H AE GE H h
H H 5
E 6
E eE 'J H H h
H H E eE6
E eE 13
)H H)H GE H h
H H BH H(J E J2A H h
H H E H H(J E 14
G H c
H `H GE H h
H H
H .J H [
J -F H h
H H E
H .J H 15
EJE GE H h
H H
P $A "J H2 H h
H H E <P$A 16
G HH GE H h
H H BH 0J$H .EE H h
H H E H 0J$H 17
H C (M GE H h
H H TH \AH.eE "J <MC H H h
H H E H\AH.eE 18
G !EH J GE H h
H H BH
J A 6
)M (H H h
H H E H
J A 19
4 &2! GE H h
J H H<JeA
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Feminine Masculine
G !EH J A E J M h
J A 6
)M (H E J M h
J A
.H E9C A E J M h
J A H H3J RA .EE E J M h
J A H 3Q H !E
<JA E J M h
J A H A H<HeCA 3EH E J M h
J A H A HeCA
EA EL E J M h
J A H 5
6
E eE $A J F E J M h
J A H eE6
E eE
(H E J M h
J A H BQ H(J !E <JH E J M h
J A H H H(J !E
E(A H$ E J M h
J A H
Q .J H (A H$ E J M h
J A H
H .J H
H2J E E J M h
J A H
S $A 3EH E J M h
J A H <P$A
9E J23A H E J M h
J A H BQ 0J$H \H<
J M E J M h
J A H H 0J$H
H$H E J M h
J A H H.eE J `H E J M h
J A H H\AH.eE
H |YM E J M h
J A H BQ
J A YJ-A (H E J M h
J A H H
J A
EJE E "J eF6
E eE "J H2 E "J eF6
E eE
<JA E "J M H(J !E 3EH E "J M H(J !E
<JA E "J
M .J H 3EH E "J
M .J H
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(10000)
H h
H H 3H H !E H h
H H 3H H !E YC!E H h
H H 3H H !E 11000
G !EH J A
H C!E )M (H H C!E
H h
H H HeCA H h
H H HeCA YC!E H h
H H HeCA 12000
G !EH J A
H C!E )M (H H C!E
E "J M
J A H H
J A R YC!E H h
H H E eE6
E eE 13000
(99000) YC!E
A C!E F EA
A C!E F EA
C!E F EA 100000
G !EH J A )M (H
M C!E !
A C!E C!E M C!E 1000000
A C!E M C!E
! )M (H "J MC H
! G !EH J A
)M (H F "J MC H
G !EH J A F "J MC H
(M JA26
E H B)
^
A iE 8 GF H h J H ^ A iE 8 GF H hJ H ^
A iE 8 GF H h
J H
G !EH J A
A C!E ! )M (H A C!E
C!E 1000000
GF H h
J H ! H JA26
E H GF H h
J H 0
G !EH J A H JA26E H )M (H
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
definite article (_
C E) is attached to the (I.M) when it
is a plural (B) or a collective noun (B $). The
particle (
J A ) has to be used in this case, e.g.
instead of saying (6
)M (H E J M h
J A ), you can say
(_
A H) H A E J M h
J A ). Similarly, one can say,
(OA H
H A E J M hJ A H H3J RA - twenty one women) and
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(
A H]H C H A
Q C!EH A AAC H A EA - a hundred camels and a
thousand sheep).
Exercise No. 64
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Exercise No. 66
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Lesson 45
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(
)M (H ) – one man, (A 6
E )M (H ) – two men.
Therefore there is no need to add any
number to these words. However,
sometimes (3) and (e) are used like
adjectives, e.g. (3
Q A H )M (H ) – one man,
(
A HeCA A 6E )M (H ) – two men, (G3H A H Q JA) – one
girl, ( A H<HeCA A H<JA) – two girls. The (^"K")
and (YK) correspond in (
) and gender.
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
( EA 5
F 6
E eE), ( EA
M .J H ). See the examples of
the previous lesson and note 7.
cannot say (
H J.A A
J M F eE6
E eE). On such an occasion, the
definite article will be prefixed to the plural and
used with (
J A ), e.g. (H J.A A
J .M C H A eE6
E eE)
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
used, namely (j
Q EA ). Sometimes the sound
masculine plural is used, that is, (
E "J FA ) or (H JAA ).
The plural of (
Q C!E) is (^
Q iE 8) as already mentioned.
It has another plural (^
Q "J F!F) which means
“thousands”. This does not refer to any particular
number, e.g. (Z
A <MF C H A ^
Q "J F!F W
J 3A JA ) – I have
thousands of books.
(cH B 3 - 10
"[ Y 11 - 19
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(
J A J M HoJ H H JA$A #EA 5
E EeE J A YA J E TJ 'A "J 7F0AEH )
“They remained in their cave for 300 years and 9
more, i.e. for 309 years.”
The word ( #EA) has not been used as a (^&) in
(
J A) has not been mentioned. The original
sentence was (
H JA$A BH
J AH #EA.eE6
E eE). Regard this
example as an exception to the rule.
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1. The word (B
Q&J A) denotes an unspecified
number from 3 till 9, e.g. ( F H &
J A H G "H
J \A BM &
J A
_ H)(A ) – a few women and a few men, that
is, between 3 and 10. The word ( Q \H) or
(
Q J\H) denotes any number between two
tens, e.g. ( Q \HH .H (J A E J M h
J A W
J 3A JA ) – I have
twenty and some silver coins, that is, less
than 30. Similarly, (
Q \HH H JH)M E J M h
J A ) –
twenty and some guineas.
2. There is no masculine and feminine form of
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(
Q \H). However, the word (BQ &
J A) has a
gender. For the masculine form, ( H &
J A) is
used while (B
Q&J A) is used for the feminine
form. See the above examples.
3. The word (
Q \H) is only used after a ten,
hundred or a thousand. However, the word
(B
Q&J A) can be used alone as well, e.g. ( W
J 3A JA
H A H(H F H &
J A W
J 3A JA ! .H (J A E "J M 0J$H H H &
J A) – I
have seventy and some silver coins, or I
have some silver coins.
4. The word (
Q \H) is used after a numeral
while (B
Q&J A) is used before a number.
However, if its (I.H) is separate, it can
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
Word Meaning
H c
H YE \JA to burst, for a spring to
burst forth
(s) 3H E)H to lash
HH$ to equate
j
Q H\8 { \H8 anna (Indian currency)
_ EY<AJ A gathering
6
E J A notice, advert
Q 9E H cow
M JAHH { H<
J M garden, orchard
j
Q H3C )H { G 3H C )H lash
(Q H$J !E { Q J $A price
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
M JAHLE { q
Q "J MJ LE Turkish cap, fez
Q 3H H G 3P A number, amount
p
Q "J F'F {
Q C 'E money
q
Q J M F { q
Q J -A ! q
Q J A piaster
q
H"H { H`A H livestock, cattle
j
Q |c
H H { |c
H H magazine, journal
Exercise No. 67
¡ `J A W
J A HM G (H H J E M EJ H C H (1)
. 3A H `J A W J A HM G (H H E "J M H(J !E
¡ G 3H A H H JH)M W
J A HM2 `J A J E (2)
.q J A E EA W
J A HM G 3H A H H JH)M
¡ "$ @
%K T 0AP GF H J$A "
H H<A H J2H <H`J A J E A (3)
H J2A h
J A H A J<HHeCA j
H3|c
H M 5
A 6
E eE TJ 'A
H H<A C EH M J2H <H`J A
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
. PA(M
. A HIP EH TA' _ H]A "H M H { £
Q JA (H
A H (4)
¤A Jh
H A "A H.H C M Ho"
H H<A M J2H <H`J A H\!EH TJ A !E H2 H C 3H K
H
. PA(M GE H h
J H H3J AA A 9E C A J zA 6
E $J AC
W
*EA 3M )H "J M2iE +M M "J )M M (H 3M \H
H H<A C EH | A'E {
A H .H JA-E (5)
¡ @M <HJ2H <H`J A H J2!E J A H { .H JA
Z
M <MF C v M H0M yH HM H TJ #AH0.J H TJ 'A A .H E9C A 0H<HC .H C H A @M <MJ2H <H`J A
. A H *FC Z
A AE.H C %ERA 0H J \A .H JA £ A H (J *EA
¡ ¤M J`H H2 q
M "J MJ DE EH J E A (6)
.W J 3A $H H2 `J A H JeA6
E eEH
H .J =
H A
iE `J A H J2A h
J A H
H .J H TJ DA J !F H\!E { 3)A _ H]E @M \PRA
A H (7)
. M J-E
H HE HH iE E ¡ A .H 7| EH A _ E- "H M C H { 6HM H2
A EH
¡ GF H )J *FC j
A H Ho J E H ON H`J *EC
A E-E H x
M H"J$*EC
. zM 6
EP H H JeA6
E 7| A M ¤M J`H H2 ZLE (9)
.¦
H J'A
N yH (H H { p
H "J FYF C j
A H H q H "J MJ D| AM
H J
H J !E
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
A .H c
M \J*EC A W
"A H
P _A EY<AJ AC TA' (A P&V
M C H A E E J E (10)
¡ A PA 6
E $J AC
. YE \H A EA A H.eEH A JYE C!E "H V
J \H J M M 3H H §E EH F "J F H2
GA 3H J2A c
H C TA' W "A H
P yA H<A`J AC GF H )J !F TH A H M EJ H C H (11)
¡ "¨J<YE CE"
J H `J A H J
A .J H x H "J 'E F "J F H2 iE HJ'A yA H<A`J AC E .H JA | !E ©F !E
. H$H
¡ A 6
E J AC GF H )J !F TH A H H (12)
.q Q J A DC $H U F J H
¡ A H J$A "H C (A P3 ¦
H C <AA j
A PA H A
H JH8 JE (13)
BH H(J !EH ^
iE 8 E
H .J H j A PA H A H0HA HK M JDE J !E { W
J 3A $H H2
. (5495) H JA
J AH .J H H EA
¡ (A P3 ¦ H C A F H HA TH A H H (14)
v
A (M nC *EC H A Y\HH v
H(nA TJ <HEA H ^
iE 8 GE H h J H §F F0JH H<MH HA
. A H PH .M C
¡¦
H \HH< J M
H J A J E AH (15)
. PA(M H C!E H h
H H TJ HeCA @M <MJ A
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
.¦
H M(H HcA
J V
H A(H 3J 9E E
A H (16)
. IH J2IA H C TJ A !E H2 ¦
H J'A
N yH (H H {
H C 3H K
H
Exercise No. 68
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J A 0AE-E 3A J H M H s
A (J *EC %H\J !E TA' zM
A 0HA-F (11)
.¬
H A$A BA &
J A TA' E "M0A]J H$H
Exercise No. 69
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Exercise No. 70
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3
Z
OI {
IJA.J H _
3
{ IJA.J H $ Y
Z> ( ^
( { 3 B
{ +d) d
B { Y Y
"[ O
3 TA\7
®
%
¨<Y
( (d )
"[ _"Y
' = _"Y> Y B Y
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
Lesson 46
(a) from 1 to 10
Examples:
(the first lesson) – _F P *EC p
M (J 3P E .1
M (J 3P E .2
(the second lesson) ± TJ \A|7 p
(the third lesson) ± 1
F A|7 p
M (J 3P E .3
M (J 3P E .4
(the fourth lesson) ± BM AP p
(the fifth lesson) ± M (J 3P E .5
M A H=C p
(the sixth lesson) ± p
M A P p
M (J 3P E .6
(the seventh lesson) ± BM AP p
M (J 3P E .7
M (J 3P E .8
(the eighth lesson) ± M A |7 p
(the ninth lesson) ± BM $A P< p
M (J 3P E .9
(the tenth lesson) ± M `A HC p
M (J 3P E .10
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(b) from 11 to 19
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twenty first, (
E "J eF6
E 7|H F H2A HVCE) – the thirty first,
(F E.
A CE) – the hundredth.
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(_
F P *EC
M H<A CE) – the first book,
(
E J M h
J A CH W
J A HVC p
M (J 3P E) – the twenty first lesson.
(
J M M AH() – the fourth among them, (j
A H0HC F
H A H) –
the fifth girl.
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2½ is written as (2<),
2¾ is written as (2≤).
These signs are written slightly thinner than the
numbers and are separated from them.
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(3
A H 3A H TJ A2 µH'F J¶M H)) – They came one by
one.
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(P2A 0H
H J E ) is used, e.g.
(
A H<
J 0MC TA' E "J 0MH C H2 A H.C ]A C H A J E ) – Several boys are
playing in the garden.
Word Meaning
1\ª) %ED$J M
middle
(´$H J !E
p
A !CP M 6
E A Cape Colony
aH |
H H to climb a wall
u
"J XF M { ¹̧H part
k
Q HoJ !E { k
Q J oH pair, spouse
M K
A H"H { .H K
A H capital
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
j
Q P(E { G (P E continent
v
Q6E A { H C E castle, fort
G 3H #AH table
TS &
A M to pass
^
H P `H to ennoble
^
H P h
H H to be honoured
(s)
H EL to like, to be good
oH IP H to strengthen, to reinforce
(s) ¨H E \H to marry
^
Q "J M F {
Q J E cave
Exercise No. 71
GA (H "J
M A %P.
H M 3f 89 %EJ *FC GE (H "J
|RA (1)
. A V
H AEYC
¬(E*CH BA d p
A (3 3M )H "J M2 A 3H H C OA H.$J !E M JAJ H (2)
. ¬(E*C p ¬(E*C A
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
. TJ A ! 3) A JHAH0C A J
H .M =
M C
O· k
M
v
H H(M 5
E 6
E eF 0K E "J 2A E
J H TJ h
A .J H2 (11)
.5
E 6Fe %H7 A $(3>
. µH'F E $(3> H j
M 0 (12)
+M !E! TJ \*EE
M
J
H J !E G P U ( E 89 j
M ! (13)
. GE P >
y
M .! E 7 GE P > G("> 23> TA' zH " j
M J (H H (14)
. G P U T'A z 2! E & `
Exercise No. 72
J M $M A H$
H .J H E "F"F9H2H J M 0MC E J M M AP( eEEeE E "F"F9H$H (1)
. J M 0MC E
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Exercise No. 73
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Lesson 47
The Date
Thursday – (
A J.A = H C zM "J H2)
Note 1: The word (zM "J H2) is used most often while
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(A P2A .
H 9E C ! A PA 6
E $J AC A H
P (M "J M `M )
zM P V
H .M CE (1
M YE K
H ! M YE [
P E (2
_F P *EC BM JA(H (3
TJ \A|7 BM JA(H (4
%EJ *FC HH.)M (5
HJ *FC HH.)M (6
Z
M )H (H (7
F H0J `H (8
F H&H (H (9
_F P"h
P E ! _F P"`H (10
GA 3H J 9E C Fn (11
A c
PV
A C Fn (12
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Egyptian Syrian
M #AHH2 TJ \A|7 F "J \ME
M #AH0J'A t
F H0`M
p
M (J H (M En8
F J2A J!E F HJ\H
"J M2H (M P2!E
"J M\A"J M2 F HJ2IA H
"J MA"J F ! "J MA"J M2 oM "J .M H
J DF
J -F !E
M 8
M 0A.J <H0J$A _F "J FJ2!E
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(¨
A J
A .H C E 0JE - before the advent of Ísā ) while
(¨
A J
A .H C 3H J H - the era after Ísā ). The alphabet (v)
is used in India to indicate the Christian calendar.
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
Together with the date, the day and the time can
be also mentioned, e.g.
(
A A H=C A H .M c
M C zH "J H2
A A ]J .H C E J0HF A [
J H C 3H J H 3Q J`A (H 3H AM
1916 $ H #AHH2 A J `H H h
H H ) – Rashīd was born
after Àsr just before Maghrib on Friday 15
January 1916 C.E.
(1925 $ p( A ` H J2A h
J A C l
H H0K
H 3Q JA $H TH 'U"M M) –
Sa’īd passed away on the morning of the 20
March 1925.
Note 6: The deceased is referred to as (%|'"H <H.
M CE). To
say (%U'"H <H.
M CE) is incorrect.
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
e.g. no.2.
( A c
PVA C WAn J A
J EH GE H h
J H TJ \AH.7EA @
Tb( F H.7CM E <AF
H JeA6
E eEH
.J H A H$H ) – Úthmān was martyred on
Friday 18 Dhul Hijjah 35 A.H.
e.g. no.3.
( H J9A H H.7EA OA Ee6
E 7| zH "J H2 @
Tb( aM J23 [
C H "J M!E j
H H
GE H h
J H 5 E 6 E eE A H$H HJ *FC HH.)M J A ) – Abū Bakr
passed away on Tuesday when 8 nights remained
of Jumādal Uhkrā 13 A.H., that is, on the 21st or
22nd.
In this example, the date has been specified with
the amount of nights remaining.
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
Word Meaning
E E PA (7) to trust
() ¦
H E$H to insert, to follow a school of
thought
(^) H H LE to stab
H )H H (3) to emigrate
BQ JA(H spring
H \A8 young lady, miss
l
Q Hh
A \JA (6) relaxation, joy
0HJ !F preparation
c
H J H splendour
Q J2A h
J H to make noble
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
j
Q 6
E YC H { EYC H gathering
j
Q )H H"H { )H H"H sir, Mr.
HAH( ± x
H( advanced
HA ! k
Q HoA wedding, marriage
$H H$A politics
¤Q E
H JM ! ¤Q C $H the last day of the month
¤Q C $H peel, skin
The Year of the Elephant- the
A JYA C zM H year when Abraha attacked
the Ka’bah
Q A H inhabited
3Q 9C H knot, nikāh
A J h
P GF P -F the first day of the month
x
Q J (M E' one who strictly differentiates
between right and wrong
A JH C M J2A E delighted, gratified
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
H$A J (M Russia
EJc
A C A Belgium
H\JH'E France
HAEDJ2RA Italy
H3JE"J M Poland
E H\"J M2 Greece
H\AH.C!E Germany
M c
H .H CE Hungary
TS $A "J c
M H fire-worshipper
Q (A HVM combatant, fighter
m
Q (P ªH M dated
j
Q H)(H H { )H (H H mark
A 0HA J A from
TS A J23A H clear
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
j
H HJH impossible, preposterous
Z
Q \AH) compared to
3Q J23A H lengthy
E H <HC A attached
Z
Q J2A J H discipline
J A 6
&J 'E not to speak of, let alone
A $H *EC E regretful, unfortunately
@
H E $H to be silent about
EAH therefore
Q JK
A repute, fame
A M2 to be important
Exercise No. 74
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
$ @
N TK
A _F "J $M (H 3Q .P V
H M H\3M $H 3H AM (1)
BA ( H h
H H TA\7 zA " TA' A JYA C zH H E | .H A
H DF-!E A ` H 2h BH $d< aA D> _
A E . )
BA ( H h TA\7 ¬ A e~ zA "A A JH H J2A E HT'U"M
TK (Gc¼ GE 3R) 11 A $ _A
. ¬! @0! @VK! @8 % @
N
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
Wn A ` GA P -F TA' oA HcV
A C A A YE
P E 0HJ !F j
M J 3H J !E (2)
¬d<$ 3R) 1361 A $ zA 4 GA 39
E R M C K (Gc¼ ! #Á6e
BH $ ¾P V
H C M J2P !EH A h ¦n ¤A E
H JM TA' A H.X| H >F
M ) P eF 6 y M 7 zA 4 c4 WnA
+Â W "A 0HP 3c> G(2I A 23> R E
A $ z4 zA P VF> _E P !E ($ @
N TK)
3H #Á6e ¬<$ ¬<e A $) 1362
.(
A
1
A 7 ¬
A e~ z" m H H (3)
M (P ªH .M C IM 2I J F M< HEK
10 a'"> 1363 $ zA 4 zA d à h
J F R H<AE$AA
Q ") " z 1944 A $ H #2
A $ zA 4 c4 WAn ¤A $ OA e67 zA " A H (P ªH .M C
. 1362
77) 43 $ %|'"H <H.M C r A HC M JM.J H (4)
A TA' H [ ¨<' W " GA c (¬(
.H.M JH
N Tb( x
A M(Y H .H M A '6 TA' H 2h
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
A [ T'A H.M JH
N Tb( T¿ AH M M
HV
H C 3H AM (5)
H ¨ K! " GA c¼ 5
6e A $ E &(
. @A AH i TA' E JA
" @M JH
N Tb(
A |D= H C M J M .H M TJ \A7 F Y (6)
zH "2 zM 6$~ © ¬ª> ,* TH A M Y _F d !
9' .A E { x A M(YC Z H 9U F ¦ @A 6$R
¦A AH.>E ,3 A 9 _A 3 TA' 3Q ! §C F02 J E A9H
" M _ { @A <)( R A $ A
Z n 3 @M JH
N Tb( H .H M Z M A J !E @M JH
N Tb(
{ _A 3 A J *ECA H EHC *EEH { A (A HhJ !E A H J <AA
OA (E*C zH "2 A 23H.C T $A "J c M .H C GE ªH FªJ F "J M!E @L
2h 56e $ A c4 Wn ¬ H 9 B H(J *EA
ÂA Z
A \AHcA H 'AM 24 $ zA P VM.C _! j
. $ @
N TK T 0AP
¤A 2(*P< TA' A H P E .M C E | .A
N @M
H ( TJ A!E TH 'U"M M (7)
A $ ¾ VH C 3H zA 4 c4 WAn A h TJ \A7
¬
H (
A 3H #Á6e Á A $) 1308
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
. 029 ¬
H $ A h H \!
M JF
BA $< A H .M c
M C l
H 0K 3H AM 3Q .d M 0HC TJ AJA (8)
. z 1913
H DF
J -F ! H h BH ( aA DM.C &(
(p() (n8 2h 3 ! BA F [' Ä
M 3<02 (9)
M J2A =
H C ("J M\A"J M2) E HJ2IA H 21
M d[
_A d A "\ ON <h (Â.<0$) _E "J FJ2!E 21
. (Âg)
F A >
H C HJH 0HJ !E (10)
A 4 TA' | !E 3 3M #AHc
3 z 1944 ÂH .<0$ R z 1939 ÂH .<0$
"J MC H A (! x
H "' A H9E C j
M "0
A 3\J
TJ 'A P!E { 3 H<HC E \JRA TJ 'A (4000000)
E H\"J M2H H3JE"J MH HAEDJ2RAH H\JH'EH EJc
A C A H$A J (M
PM(J !F ¦ A AH.H 3H H H\AH.C!EH A c H .H C
F .< H2!E EH J AH { 3P H iE H 3P H 6' A P
,H - ¬ H (VM.C p A "J YF \M
A ! j A yH 6 E H @M J0AP
.
A Z&-
A nF "' ¬ H (VM.C
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
A 3A 0
A $ _A BA ( A ` h BA TA' BA " A .
_A EY<AJ Å
A A HE EY2h ")' A [H 3H 1363
l
A H'C *EC E cH (A M
H X J <MCoA iE { A"J )M "M A
[Æ TJ A P3
6'
Exercise No. 75
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Wedding Invitation
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
Khalīl
N TK
A _F "J $M (H 3Q .P V
H M 3H AM %H<H (1)
¡ TH 'U"M M
@M H H )H J H H @M JH
j
A )( [9\ % @=d"2 @ R
!
Q "<
y"
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
I2I W3
A #( A 0HA TA\O) 3 { @
( ¦ zQ 6$
@½9V< % .<h b> ` e6e G` $(3>
G 3d) ¦A]` j)( ! M 2!' { G3> ¦ TA' j A )(3
5 6e d\ 2( ¦"$ j)( db
W3 BH 92 C ! j Q ! ! Td 230 { ´9' h
\ R 9< TA<| z" ' { V<$~ B"
(0<~ 3 TJ \R { Z A 2< Z\) TA' º h d2(b
A < GE 3#' i ! % Y GA 323> c< A 2"D
! 6&' \\R 3 H M2i E \~ { Z A 2< C <92 J E
A $ÇE 2 @YK J M. @F6! J M nR i R . 3 H M2
TA' @ " ¨0K! 3 \[ TA' x A 6 Z H 2H R
TA< $(3> R i R ¦ H C $A (J !F J E TP HM 2 EA { p A (3> A 7!
ZA 2<
È O<~ A < A M TA' M<JK A (L
TJ AHb
A J M ! j
P (! ' { ¦6!
H U M ¦HY\ ¨H A[ J <MA
)( %! .# _E %P< 3J <)' TJ DA = J $M (H e8 E J2IA M
{ z6 zA " H 7! TJ A. A M2 ' { yA "
30 y3
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
Lesson 48
(
E È F H P A E ¦
H A&
J 'E J A TJ \AJ 0AJ !E) – Please tell me
what is the time now?
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The particle (T
J 'A) can be prefixed to these words
as: ((A HPH A J| TA').
The words (
H C H ) or (3H JA ) are most often prefixed
to the words (OHh
A { J[H { J©F ) and (%Vb
M ), e.g.
(A J X
½
H C H yH "J M !E TJ \AO H)) – Your brother came to me
at the time of Zuhr.
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(3
AcA
J .H C TA' yH H!E EJE j
H En J !E z "J H2 j
H En
M J9A E) – One day
or one night I met your father in the musjid.
The phrases (l
H0K
H j
H En) and (O HH j
H En) are also
used.
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Expressing Age
Word Meaning
E .H )J !E (1) to act well
strength, maturity, that
3 `M *ECE is between 18 to 30
years
(W) s
H E'!E (1) to make flow, to
continue
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
.J )H together
¹
YC A protection
l
Q H (H H S 3M -F coming and going (in
everything)
(W { s) q
H H to live
S 3M -F morning
6
| E never, beware
j
A H(PD| F D| V
H H ! (Q EDH airport
v
Q "J &
M M humility
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
( s) s
H H H to submit, to propose
H.EH as soon as
()
P 'E to pry open
l
H H J <H$J A to smell
Q H<A reproach
Q JA H sparkle, twinkle
_ 6
E A within
( { ) v
H H( to frighten, to startle
Q A"J H place, situation
Z
Q JA (H dreadful, awful
( { ) zH iE to blame, to censure
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H 0HC!E to clothe, to dress, to
drape
H2A (J !E { OÀ H(A robe, cloak
c
H H disgrace, shame
Exercise No. 76
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¡ TJ \A"7 GF R ¦
H <A$ TA' ! ZdL (5)
. TJ \A"7 GF R ' W3 W3$ 2 \
¡ 9 WM \e J E M (6)
. 9 WM \e "<$
¡ $ WM 9 J E H (7)
. $ WM 9 "<$
¡ (H E F " E M j
A E (8)
. (H E F " E M $ h BQ (!
¡ .#A (M F W"<2 (9)
F
A d[ TA' _E "L! (M F "J 2 ¦ ! 6 | E
. O<dh TA' _E "L!
¡ TP HM 2 E È F P A E
J `M ! H ! (10)
. 9 hH Q .J H F P E È W3$ 2
¡ yH M .J M H$H J E M | E <HH !
H ! (11)
. z 2! & M `! E <P$ E $ GE h B(! z" W. \
¡ +M 3P `M !E ,0 y"! § (12)
. z" 2h A TA'
O` " \
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Exercise No. 77
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M G,0 @<! ¦ ¬$ A h M zM 6] (6)
. 2h
! TA'
( @d3) J (7)
.
Q \ $ # . ¼ b>
TA'
@ ( TH 'U" 6 \ W
J 3 ) q (8)
. $ h # . @ Z)( TA' b>
_E ! T R l) Td 3. X 3#9 z3 (9)
".> @09<$' ("h
H cH.C E .<h
A !
..X i09<$
Exercise No. 78
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A F .H J (H H J F JEH zM 6
EP E
2 s
M ! zA <~ v A "& TP s H A 'F OA ! 3H
B O( z" m
M (ª> IM 2I ¦< TA\! 3 @d\! HWi"
H.E { Y- % 1364 X> 0` ` h
@<# TA'
M h' {
< ¨H J2(A @L M <$ @M M<& J &H'
_6 B.2 ´ A =
A JA "H A nR { ^" O) ¬
TJ A 3
J $ Z "> yn _F "H TJ AH H'E { @(0
M DC =$! T\ j0)" H M Í! TJ \A"J E A i { 3\
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@A JA<J
H 0HC!E > "! TY\ %
M 0! ' { E "4 W3
Y] ¦d\! ¦ W3$ 2 T! { A c H=H C OA A( ¦
H J23H E
n \! { @ A 3 GA 3d ` TJ \A H.A GE "Y¼ + Î
.ÏE [ yH O M ZQ L
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Lesson 49
The Particles
(^
M J M V
M CE)
3. All the (T
J \AH.H C ^
M J M M ) are indeclinable (T
J A0>).
They are not more than 80 in number.
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P (M 6
E H C M F JM H _A yH j
H
A
%ERA %<PH %EH J H %J 'A H3H J A H`H
[1] (
) – in, at, because, with, oath etc.
It is used for several meanings, e.g.
(
A E9E CA
H0J<HE ) – We wrote with the pen.
(H [
J .A A
M H<A C BH 0ALF ) – The book was printed in
Egypt.
(
A A
M JH 8) – I believed in Allāh.
(
J A .A C XF A
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of their oppression.
(
A A) – By Allāh (oath).
N
H JE!E) – Is
Allāh not sufficient for His slave?
[2] (
) – is used for an oath and it is specific
with the word “Allāh”, e.g. (
N yH H eE8 3J 9E E
A H) –
By Allāh, Allāh has preferred you over us.
[3] ('
) – “like” - is used for a comparison, e.g.
((A "J E M C A CE) – Knowledge is like light.
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[4] ((
) or (() ) – for, towards, time, to, possession.
Examples:
(@A A) – for Allāh.
(s
H (J H j
A HH.
P H DE 'E WA|A TH A )J H
M J )P H T\RA)
I turned my face towards the One who created
the skies and the earth.
(nA H<$
J *FC zA J 3M 9F A J"M "J ) – Stand for the teacher when he
comes.
(3
J2IH A
M C F) – I said to Zaid.
(3
AH=A
M H<A C EH ) - This book belongs to Khālid.
[5] (
) is used for taking an oath, e.g. (
A H),
(A 0HJ
E C
(H H ), (A .H 9E CH
A .J h P H).
Sometimes the () is used in the meaning of
(
P (M ), that is, “many” or “some”. Such a () is
called (
P (M M ), e.g.
(
M JA C i| RAH M J'AHHC i| RA Q J\A!E HA
H JE G 3H C HH ) – There
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[9] (-
+ ) – from, of, some, among, due to, e.g.
(@d<
E C E %ERA TJ #AH0.J H J A j
M J $A ) – I travelled from
Bombay till Calcutta.
(
H C`A H x
A J 3M J[
H A C M ) – Take whatever you want
from the box.
(
Q A ªJ M J F JA H Q 'AE J F J.A 'E) – Some of you are
disbelievers and some of you are believers.
(J"FA -
C !F J A AEJDA H P.A ) – They were drowned due to
their sins.
The particle (
J A ) is also (3#o). It is most often
(3#o) after (TY\) and (zY<$), e.g. (B
JYA `H J A HE H) –
We do not have any intercessor.
( J [
A \H J A J F E C H ) – Do you have a helper?
[10] (
. ) – in, regarding, about, due to, e.g.
(k
A (J 3 TA'
M H<A CE) – The book is in the drawer.
(@A J
A !E TJ 'A 3Q J2oH H |E H) – Zaid spoke about his brother.
(G P A T J 'A (H P G !EH J A
J EH H ) – A woman entered the
fire due to a cat.
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[11] (-
) – from, on behalf of, e.g.
(3
A E0HC
A H
M )J H H ) – I went out of the town.
(3
J2oH J H H A H(3P @M <MJDE J !E) – I gave him the silver
coins on behalf of Zaid.
(@
N Tb(
\H!E J H 1
F J23A V
H C W
H A (M ) – The hadīth
was narrated from Anas .
[12] (/)0
) – on, in spite of, e.g.
(T
$A J F C %EH
J A)J A) – Sit on the chair.
(
J A .A C ©F %EH p
A PU G H YA ]J H FE ¦
H P(H | RAH ) –
Undoubtedly your Lord forgives the people in
spite of their oppression.
(E
| H %ERA 3A JA C H A j
M J 'EH$) – I travelled from India
to Makkah.
(A 0HJ
E C %ERA
M J )P "H H) – I turned towards the Ka’bah.
[14] (/%
) – till, until, even, e.g.
(A c
J YE C BA EDC H %P<H ) – until the rise of true dawn.
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(GA Hh.
M C %P<H k
HVC zH 3A E) – The pilgrims came, even
those who walked.
(3
J2oH H`H zM "J 9E C O H)) – The people came besides
Zaid.
(3
J2oH 6
E H zM "J 9E C O H)) - The people came except Zaid.
(3
J2oH H3H zM "J 9E C O H)) - The people came save Zaid.
(b) (8
9 # : 5, 6
%7
#
4
#)) – The particles which
resemble the verb. They are :
(
| H E ±
H JE ± P A E ± | *EE ± | !E ± | RA).
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[1] (
| RA) is always used at the beginning of a
statement, e.g. (
Q JA (H (Q "J YF ]H E ¦
H P(H | RA) – Indeed
your Lord is most forgiving and most
merciful. However, after the verb (_
E E) or any
of its derivatives, it appears in the middle of
the statement as well, e.g.
(ON HYC K
H G H 9E H H\PRA _F "J 9F H2 @M \PRA _E E) – He (Mūsā ) said,
“He (Allāh) says that the cow should be
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((Q 3
H[J H ). Such a verbal noun is called (_ P *EM (Q 3H [
J H ).
In the analysis, this ((Q 3
H[J H ) is the (_"Y) of the
verb (
M J .A $H ). In some sentences, it will be the
('), e.g. (¦
H <MH Hc`M TJ \AP $H = v
Q Hc`M ¦
H \P!E TJ \AP $H ) –
Your bravery has pleased me. The word
(¦
H <MH Hc`M ) is the (') in this sentence.
(
J2A E ) has (d )) instead of (B'().
Solution
The particle (
| !E) here is not a (^) but a verb
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(
Q AHE 3J2oH ! 3Q J2oH C RA) – Indeed Zaid is learned.
However, ( YE Y| = H M C !E) does not have any effect on
the succeeding word, e.g.
(
Q AH 3Q J2oH C !E
M .J AH ) – I knew that Zaid was
learned.
The particles (
| RA) and (| !E) always appear before
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After ( YE Y| =
H M C !E), the particle (p) or (^"$) is
prefixed to (v(& ') and (3 J E) is prefixed to
(Tb> Y) in order to distinguish it from
(Y 0K\ C !E), e.g.
(%µbJ H
J F JA F "J F H$H C !E H AH ) – He knew that some
of you will be ill.
(
J A (H j
A iE H$(A J"]M EJ!E 3J E C !E H EJ HA) – so that he knows
that they conveyed the message of their Lord.
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(H(3
A F H ½ F TJ A*C H2 ^
H "J $H C !E @M M YE JH2 OA J .H C M C A 'E J EJ H)8
Know for knowledge benefits a person that
whatever has been decreed will appear.
[3] (
| *EE ) – “as if” - is used for a comparison, e.g.
(3
Q $H !E Z
H C E C EH | *EE ) As if this dog is a lion.
(
J EA
TJ YA > Y) – a verb made negative by the
particle ( J E), e.g. (3Q H !E +M H H2 J E C *EE ) – As if no one
saw him.
[4] (
| H E) – “perhaps” - is used for expressing
hope (T
J ) H <PE), e.g. (TS 9A H ¦
H HJ | H E) – Perhaps or I
hope that your son is pious.
8 In this verse, the sentence (M@M YE JH2 OA J .H C M C A 'E) is a (HbA <HJ M J.)M ) – a
parenthetical clause. The (') of (JEJ A) is a pronoun (H\!) concealed
in it. The sentence (H(3A F H ½ F TJ A*C H2 ^
H "J $H C !E) forms the (_"Y) of (JEJ A). The
alif in (H(3A F) is (3#o). This is permitted in poetry.
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[5] (
H JE) – “would that, I wish that”. It is used to
express a desire or wish, e.g.
(Z
M Jh
A .H C E H 'E H.A +M H 0AJ *F'E "J H2 M "J MH2
H H0h
P
H JE iE !E)
Listen, I wish that youth could return one day
so that I could inform it of what old-age has
done.
[6] (
P A E) “but” – is used for (y(3<$), that is, to
remove the surmise that was created by the
first statement in the listener’s mind, e.g.
(O H)H yH H!E P A E k
HVC O H)) – The pilgrims came
but your father did not come. By saying,
(k
HVC O H)) - the pilgrims came, the listener
surmised that his father also came. By saying
(
P A E) – but…, that conjecture was removed.
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e.g. (h
H H EH H) – This is not a human.
(¦
H J A E &
H 'C !E )M (H iE ) – There is no man more
virtuous than you.
But most often, both these particles are
( ,-).
and (
H JA ) the (Â) which is (
"[).
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(e) (
A Jc
A C TA YC HA iE ) – the particle that negates a
whole category or species. It appears before
an indefinite noun and renders (Z[\) to it,
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e.g. (3
M J2oH H2), (F )M (H H2). If the succeeding noun is
(^&), it will be (
"[), e.g. (
A 3H 0JH H2).
Sometimes a non-specified person is called
out. Then too, the (µHM – the word referring
to the person who is called out) will be
(
"[), e.g. if a blind man calls out,
(W
J 3A HA C M 6
)M (H H2 - O man, hold my hand.)
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H.M J
A \H TP ERA £
J F=H2 H0[
P H J
A \H HUH
(g) (D
&
E 0 # 5, 7
B
%#
C) – the particles which
render (Z[\) to (v(& ').
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These are (
C !E), (J E), (TJ E ) and (C nE RA). These
particles appear before (v(& ') and render
((H "J M i
E %ERA zH "J HC Z
H H C H C !E Z
M
A J !E) – I think you will
go to Lahore tomorrow.
(3
A H z HLE %EH H 0A[
J \H J E) – We will not be patient
with one (type of) food.
(@A A E .H J !E TJ E E 8J9F C
M .J |H H) – I learnt the Qur’ān in
order to practise on it.
(¨
H AYC M nRA) – Then, you will be successful.
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(g) (D
&
E 0 # 5, +
@
"#
C) – the particles
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(Z
J H C HiE C RAH A $H (H 3J .H C %ERA Z
M H nC *E$H ) – I will go to the
madrasah even though you do not go. For this
meaning, the particle ("J EH ) can also be used, but it
is specific for the past tense, e.g.
(Z
J H C H J E "J EH A $H (H 3J .H C %ERA
M 0JH nE ) - I will go to the
madrasah even though you did not go.
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Lesson 50
1. The (F
G 9
#
) are ten:
J A E zJ !E PRA J !E C H iE %P<H P eF ^
H H
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[1] (
) – “and”. It is used to combine two
things under one command, e.g.
(Q.
J H H 3Q J2oH O H)) – Zaid and Àmr came. This
example shows that Zaid and Àmr are
both included in the act of coming.
[2] (
) – “then”. It is used for combination
and sequence, e.g. (3
Q J`A H 'E 3Q J.A H O H)) –
Hamīd came and Rashīd came with.
(^
H ) – “because”. This indicates the cause. It
is called (A P0A0H
P ON E') and it is most often used
with (
| RA), e.g.
(¦
H M YE JH2 @M \PA'E E 8J9F C !AH C A) – Read the Qur’ān
because it will be of benefit to you.
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Hāshim.
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[9] (8
:
) – “nay, rather”. It is used for
(
Hb
J RA), that is, to abandon one statement
and focus towards another, e.g.
(3
Q AH C H 3Q A H Z
H H nE H) - Hāmid did not go,
rather Khālid went.
[10] (/%
) – “until, even”. It is used to
indicate the end limit, e.g.
(GF Hh.
M C %P<H F E'AE9C zH 3A E) – The caravan came,
even those who walked.
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3. (
"K# ) – the particles of response.
They are eight:
iE { | RA A J)H C E)H C )H !E W
J RA %EH J H \H
@J \PRA
(1) (=
9
L
) – “yes”. This word is used to indicate an
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Examples:
HYA K J "H A
H \J*E'E HYC K
A TJ A ""92
M C A H'AHKJ *EA W
J 3A JA C )H !E Q J0AH
C E)H M C F ( 3 H "J 9F M
H .J XE \H "
A J)H
M C 9F ' ¡E"J M.H C M V A <H9C H!E
@J \PRA
M C 9F 'E j
H J 0AE 3J EH yH 6
E H 3J E Z
Q J`H H C 9F H2H
They are saying, “Old-age has come over you and
you have become senile. I replied, “Yes.”
(5) (A
) ) – “no”. It is used when you intend to reply
in the negative to a question, e.g. If you reply
to the question, (3
Q J2oH O H) C H ) – Did Zaid come?,
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by saying (i
E ), you are implying that Zaid did
not come.
The particle (i
| RA) appears before the (Â) of
('\ C RA) which distinguishes it from (EYY| =
H M C RA)9
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(º
J`H @A J'A H). They simply mean “no” by this
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(_
P *EM
(Q 3H [
J H ) – an interpreted verbal noun, and like
a singular noun, it forms either the ('), (_"Y),
(¦
H F3J K
A TJ \A M H2 = x H 3M [
J H C !E TJ \A
M H2) – Your
truthfulness makes me happy.
(¦
H H Hc\H Z
A !F =
H V
Jc
H \H "J E Z
A !F) – I love your
success.
( 3H J HH @A AJc
A H E 0JE = Z
H H nE H 3H J H
M .J \AH ºF Jc
A H2 H E 0JE
M XC 9| HH
@A AH nA ) – I awoke before his coming and I slept after
his going.
(¦
H M Hc\H TJ A]H EH = ¨Q )A H\ ¦
H \P!E TJ A]H EH) – I received the
news of your success.
(@R
^&) and in the fourth, it forms a (g )
and becomes the (').
6. (T
O E
4
%#
) – the particles for
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(6
| H ), (i| !E), (iE "J E) and (H"J E). They all mean, “is (or
does) not, why not”.
All five particles are always used with a verb, e.g.
(
M UH M iE !E) – Are you not teaching?
(
M UH M 6
| H ) – Are you not teaching?
(¦
H HJ M UH M iE !E) – Are you not teaching your son?
(x
H 3P K P *E'E Z J2A E )H !E %ERA TJ AHJ P !E iE "J E
(H ) – O my Lord,
why did You not give me respite for a short while
so that I could give charity?
(A
E #A6
E .H CA HJA*C H H"J E) – Why do you not bring the
angels to us?
(x
H 3P K
P *E'E). This verb (x
M 3P K
P !E) was originally (x
M 3P [
H H!E)
from the category (YE H). The (j) is assimilated
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7. (U
%# ) – the particles of condition.
They are ("J E - if), (i
E "J E – had it not been) and (H"J E -
had it not been). Two sentences appear after these
particles. The first one is called (tJ`
H ) while the
second one is the (OHI)
H ). A (_) is prefixed to the
(OHI)
H ), e.g. ()J !E @A JEH j
H C =
H PiE
H C`A "J E) – Had you
wanted, you could have taken a payment.
(s
M (J *EC j
A 3H
H YE E
J 0HA J M &
H J H p
H P
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contrary, a (^
H ) is prefixed to it. See Note 7.
8. (D
V %#
) – “never”, “certainly”. This is a
particle of reproach or rejection, e.g.
(
E "J .M EJ H ^
H "J $H 6
| E ) – Never, you will soon come to
know of the reality.
Sometimes it has the meaning of (Ð9
H) –
undoubtedly, e.g. (%µ]D
C HE E H\JAC | RA 6
| E ) –
Undoubtedly, man is rebellious.
9. (W
X %#
) – particles of close proximity.
These are (p
H ) and (^
H "J $H ). They change the
meaning of (v(&) to the near future, e.g. (!FH C *E$
H)
– I will read now.
(!FH C !E ^
H "J $H ) – I will read soon.
The particle (p
H ) is used for a time that is closer.
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10. (3
O > Y %#
) – the particles of emphasis.
The (F YE J YA =
H CH F EJ9A 7| F "J 3A JA *H< zM i) were discussed
in lesson 20 (b), e.g. ( P 0H<MC *EE) and (J 0H<MC *EE) – I will
certainly write.
The (3
A JA *H< F "J \M) is only used with (v(&) and
(oH EYE 3
H H <H)J "A E) – If he strove, he would have
succeeded.
((H "J M i
E %ERA 3-E Z
M H nC *EE
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(Z
Q J2A E
A H [
J \H | RA iE E) – Beware, the help of Allāh is
near.
(@M P0HAH*FE
12. ( O Z
%# .)
) – the two particles of
13. ($ V
![#
) – extra letters. Although the
following particles have a meaning, sometimes
they are extra, that is, their meanings are not
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_A
A J A iE H C !E C RA
The particle (
C RA) is extra after ('\ H), e.g.
TJ <AEE9.H A 3.P V
H M M J 3H H C RA H
3A .P V
H .M A TJ <AEE9H
M J 3H H J A E
The particle (
C !E) is extra after (P.E), e.g.
(M J h
A 0HC O H) C !E P.E'E) – Then when the giver of glad
tidings came.
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The word (
H J2!E) means “where” while (H.HJ2!E) means
“wherever”.
The particle (i
E ) is extra after (2(3[ C !E) and
sometimes before (
MA C !F), e.g.
(3
HcM
J H iE C !E ¦
H H HH H
M JAJRA H2) – O Iblīs, what has
prevented you from prostrating.
(3
A E0HC EH A M
A C !F iE ) – I take an oath by this city.
The particle (
J A ) is extra after ('\ C RA) and (J E ),
e.g.
(Q J2
A \H HJ'A 6
E H i| RA H2J E J A C RAH ) – There is no village
except that a warner has passed in it.
(
A A nC AA G H J7AE E'A
J 0HE-E EJAE E'A J A J E ) – How many
a small group has overpowered many (large)
groups with the command of Allāh.
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The particle (
A ) is extra when attached to the
(Â) of (z) and (
H JE), e.g.
(
nA EA 3Q J2oH
H JE J !E 3Q J2oH H) – Zaid is not a liar.
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Lesson 51
Continuation of Lesson 50
1. The particle (
C RA) is of four types:
(L`), ('\), (YYÆ) and (G3#o).
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(j
M !CH E C RA H) – I did not read. See Lesson 50.13.
It is seldom used.
2. The particle (
C !E) is also of four types:
(vA(H&.
M C F 0HK
A H\) or (P2(A 3J[H ), (YYÆ), (GH
YE M ) and
(G3#o).
[1] (D&
E
#
L) renders (Z[\) to (v(& ')
5, 7
B
while changing the meaning of the verb to
that of the verbal noun, e.g.
(¦
H E Q JH ¦
H M HK
A = ¦
H E Q JH zH "J [
M H C !E) – Your
fasting is better for you. See Lessons 20 and
49.
[2] (5] ; <)) is originally (| !E), e.g.
(¨
M AYC <M$H C !E
M .J AH ) – I knew that you will
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(y
H "J M !E O H) C !E P.E) – When your brother came.
See Lesson 50.13.
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49, (c).
[2] (50+ _` 5O.L +) is the one that is used most
frequently, e.g. (
Q #AE 3Q J2oH H) – Zaid is not
standing. See Lesson 50.4
[3] (5&3R+
+) creates the meaning of the verbal
noun in the verb, e.g. (M .J h
P BM FDC H2 H E 0JE TJ UK
H !F)
– I perform salāh before sunrise. See Lesson
50.5.
[4] ($3^@
+) does not display any meaning, e.g.
(
H J2IA #AE' F "J F \H JAE P.H ) – We will be successful
in a very short while. See Lesson 50.13.
[5] (5O+6J 5Oa
+), e.g. (yH 3H JA H) – What do you
have?
[6] (5#YBY+ 5Oa
+), e.g. (yH 3H JA H TJ \A(A !E) – Show me
what you have?
[7] (5O.b 5Oa
+), e.g. (nF H<$J *FC zH E H zM "J F!E) – I will
stand as long as the teacher stands. Here the
particle (H) means “as long as”. It is called
4. The particle (i
E ) – “no, not, do not” is always
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(¦
H JA E &
H 'C !E )M (H iE ) – There is no man more
virtuous than you. See Lesson 49, (c).
[4] (
"
#
# A) ) is causative (). It renders
(Z[\) to the ($), e.g. ((A P3 TA' E )M (H iE ) –
There is no person from the category of men
in the house. See Lesson 49 (d).
[5] (5\ A) ) is non-causative ( ,-), e.g.
(.
J H iE 3J2oH
M J2!E(H ) – I saw Zaid, not Àmr.
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[6] (
" 1
)A – the particle of response) is
(PL
A `) and (P2(3[).
[1] (5%O\
Y #)), e.g. (TJ b
A E9C l
H H<H$J E p
M P
H [
H \J!E "J E) –
If the people are just, the judge can relax. See
Lesson 50.7.
[2] (5%&3R+ Y #)), e.g.
(¦
H H Hc\H Z
A !F = H V
Jc
H \H "J E Z
A !F) – I desire your
success. See Lesson 50.7.
A Z
M J0AH T =
A
P E) – The generous
person is Allāh’s friend, even though he may be a
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transgressor.
5. (i
E "J E) and (H"J E) are of two types: (P&
A A&V
J H) and
(PL
A `).
[1] (5%OE
), e.g. (HH H
OE4 TJ h
A .J H iE "J E) – Why don’t
you walk with us, that is, it will be better if
you come with us. See Lesson 50.6.
), e.g. (j
[2] (5%O\ A H.FX½ TA' M EHC TH 9A 0HE F 8J9F C iE "J E) –
Had it not been for the Qur’ān, the world
would have remained in darkness. See
Lesson 50.6.
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(Z
J <MC HCH !CH 9C HA) He should read and write. See
Lesson 49(g).
[3] (
>) HA) means “so that, in order to”. It
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[2] (5%O
Z ) ) is causative (). It renders (d ))
to a noun, e.g. (
A "J <MJ2IP H A J<H) – By the oath of
the fig and the olive. See Lesson 49 (a)5.
[3] (%& ) is causative (). It renders (d )) to
a noun, e.g. (j
M J $A G 3H C HH ) – I travelled to many
cities. See Lesson 49 (a).
[4] (5%O#
) is non-causative ( ,-), e.g.
(Z
Q A H( "H M H 3Q J2oH O H)) – Zaid came riding. See
Lesson 43.11.
[5] (5%O9 +
) means (B
H H ) – with. It is causative
() and it renders (Z[\) to a noun, e.g.
(3
H J23A c
H C v
H (A PhH j
M J $A ) – I travelled along the
new street. See Lesson 43.7.
[6] (5)Lf
Z
+ ) is used for beginning a new
statement, e.g. (ON Hh\H H zA H(J *EC TA' 9A \MH J F E H 0HMA)
– so that We explain to you and We maintain
whatever We want in the womb. The () is
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[1] ($d&
P /%
) means “until”, e.g.
(H$
A !C(H %P<H E E .H
P
M C E !E) – I ate the fish until
its head, that is, I did not eat the head.
[2] (D&
E
# 5, 7
B
L /%
) means “so that, in order
to”, e.g. (
E 8J9F C H H 'C !E %P<H
M .J |H H) – I learnt so
that I can understand the Qur’ān. See Lesson
20.
[3] (5\ /%
) means “till, to the extent” and is
non-causative, e.g. (H$
H !C(H %P<H E E .H
P
M C E !E) –
I ate the fish to the extent of the head, that is,
I ate the head as well. The particle (%P<
H ) is a
(D^) in this example. Accordingly,
the (Z[\) preceding it has also been applied
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Lesson 52
2. The (
A J2A J <P ^
M ) is also called (
A J2A J <P zM i). It
serves the function of changing an indefinite
word into a definite one.
[1] (T
)A (A H=C 3A J H C zM iE ) – the word to which the
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(GA !EJ .
H C H A F &
H 'C !E F )M P E) – The category of men is
better than the category of women. The
speaker does not intend any individuals in
his statement.
[4] (x
A H]J <A$J AC zM iE ) – when the speaker refers to all
the individuals encompassed by the word to
which the (zi) is prefixed, e.g.
(j
A HVAP[ "F.A H H J"MH 8 H J2A | i| RA
J M TJ YA E E H\JAC | RA) –
Indeed all of man is at a loss except those
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(3
M .P V
H .M CE) or (M "J .M V
J .H CE).
g G X) # $, [
c
8 B
Y
# $, [
c
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the elative (
A J &
A YC <P F '!)12, the hamzah of
(EY[
F '!)13 and the the hamzah of the
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pronounced as (
A HV<A.J A'A = A HV<AJ A TA').
5, \) Y :
#
5, \) Y Z
7
# ih %#)
7. The (EL"J
M 0JH OH) is most often a pronoun
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Sometimes it is attached to a (v
A "J .M c
M C %H<HJM F ]H JK
A )–
a final plural after which there is no plural. See
Lesson 57.3.
Examples: (G
E AH$!E) - plural of (n H<$J !F);
( EA H\oH ) - plural of (a
Q J23A \JoA ).
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originally ("Q YE `
H ), the (G) has replaced the ().
Exercise No. 79
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14 lofty
15 extremely
16 The definite article on this word is (T)
A (A H=C 3A J H C zM iE ) because he
was mentioned previously. Therefore the listener will know who
is being spoken about.
17 Plural of (*C `
H ) – affair, matter.
18 close examination, scrutiny
19 increase
20 joy, delight
21 pleased
23 time
24 to make happy
25 to advance
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26 decoration, embellishment
27 plural of (EJ2nA (H ) - vice
28 to loathe, detest
29 to be mutually jealous of
30 to give a derisive or insulting name
31 outrage, transgression
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Test No. 18
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( ,-)?
[15] How many types of (_
C E) are there?
[16] Explain the types of (2< zi) with
examples.
[17] Explain the types of (EL"J
M 0JH OH) and
(EL"J MJ H O).
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Lesson 53
Sentences
Similarly, (3
M E"H C
H E)H ) is a (' ). Regarding
(3
M E"H CE), the word ( H E)H ) has provided some
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(_"Y) is neither a (3 Q H
J M ) nor a (@A JERA 3Q H
J M ) in a
sentence.
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[1] (M J i
E E) – the imperative, e.g. (GE 6
E[P "M.JA!E) –
Perform salāh.
[2] (%
M J PE) – prohibition, e.g. (
A A yJ A h
J M iE ) – Do
not ascribe partners to Allāh.
[3] (zM HYC <A$
J ~A E) – interrogation, e.g.
(
M $M "J M2
H \J*EE ¦
H \PRA!E) – Are you Yūsuf?
[4] (%.
H <PE) – wish, e.g. (M "J M H2
H H0h
P
H JE) – I wish
youth could return.
[5] (%
J ) H <PE) - hope, e.g. (J !E ¦
H AnE 3H J H 5
F 3A V
J M2 @H | | H E)
– Perhaps Allāh may create something
thereafter.
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Exercise No. 80
. J F HJH E &
J YE C M"
H JH iE (1)
Do not forget the favour among yourselves.
This is a (P#AHh\J RA ) because it contains a
prohibition.
J F H JH E &
J YE C J"M
H JH iE
b4 T '
,.b
^© B { ^>
(
{ > { (3[ { zI {
{ [<
@' _"Y @ _"Y ,.& " @'
^&
{
"[
"[ [<> v"'> o(0
6 { @R
^& ' " { J <M\J!E ÚË
(
v"' 6 { Y
Y a< @ _"Y Y B Y
P#AHh\JRA ' = ^X _"Y> Y B Y
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.
M $M "J M2
H \J*EE ¦
H \PRA!E (2)
Are you Yūsuf?
This is a (P#AHh\J RA
) because of the interrogatory
particle (zY<$i ^).
F
J Y
L<) () '
;1 <)
,.b
v"' ^
^ ,.b
{ [Y zY<$i
{ | RA ÂM 3*<
"[ ^
3*<
{ v"' 0JH { { [< @0h> A
,.& particle
^[,- % { 0JH Y
{ _ has no
¨<Y | RA M $
6
32
"[
P#AHh\JRA g = +Â @g B | RA
M $M "J M2 H\!E _E E (3)
He said, “I am Yūsuf.”
This is a (2Â ' ).
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F
J Y
L<) () )
{ Tb> Y
{ ¨<Y % 0JH
< 3 ,.b
v"' ,.b @'
{ [Y v"'
v"' { Â 3 { [<
6 { !3<0 { 0JH
(" ) Z#-
v"'
{ ' { <<
v"' 6
6 { "9 = g ) = Â !3<0>
"[
2Â ' = _"Y> Y B (Y) _E E
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Exercise No. 81
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M d0 { 0 TA' & zH ! z"
> Y# O#
{
M 9
M 9
M d X Û ¬.X> 23" W32!
A 7 2H3" A 2¶ { j> @' &< 3O W
O\< .
{ A#9A zd2!
M 92 j
l m89# { j
A " A "~ 3
{ #E)( Z29 a9Ü
TA"R x
A "Yh TN d< z6d E dÙ WA3 ! {
30 O9 =>iX: j (\< { ¬<Ã z. Ý"!
. ("c>
("h 30
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Lesson 54
Declension
(
)
(EA V
A CA
HJ RA) and (^
A J M V
M CA
HJ RA).
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dP
W
RL
g.&
J !E n J !E l o J !E h
! G ! V<Y ! .&
¬ ¬<V<Y ¬<.&
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[2] The (^
A J M V
M CA
HJ RA) are as follows:
for nouns:
d )H ZH[\H BC'(H
TJ
A TJ
A
A J
A J
A
H J
A H J
A E "J
N
for verbs:
and (W
J A) etc. is that an alif should be
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d
E ZH[H BC'H
TJ A*EA
M C F TJ A!E
M J2!E(H TJ A!E O H)
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is (
A ), e.g. (A 6
E H YC H2) and (A 6
E H YC H).
Note 8: The (
A ) and (E ) only appear in the words
of (v(&) in (BC'H ). In ( Z[ ), the
() is elided, e.g.
(6
E H YC H2
J E), (J"FH YC H2 J E) and (TJ AH YC H J E).
Similarly, (6 E H YC H J E) etc. See the paradigms of
Lesson 20.
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(p q04
+
< pM 3 X
p r #)
? )
(T
S XA YC E
Q H J A). However, where the (
) is
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(T
S UV
H H ! W
S A J23A 9C H
Q ). See Lesson 10.8 and Lesson
38, Note 1.
The words (T
JbA E9CE {s E) and (W
J (A HcCE { ( H)) are
(r"9 $) or (£\). See Lesson 10.9. The (
)
is (W
S A J23A 9C H) in (d B' ).
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d Z[ B'
s
E %EH j
M (J H H b
A E
M J2!E(H s
E O H)
TJ b
A E9C %EH j
M (J H H TH b
A E9C
M J2!E(H TJ b
A E9C O H)
Test No. 18 B
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Lesson 55
(
F H YC \H
{ F H 'C !E { F H YC H { F H YC H { F H YC H2), the (B'() is with
(d.b), the (Z[\) with (V<') and the (zI)) with
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indeclinable (T
J A0J.H CE). The (B'() of the remaining
seven word-forms is by means of the ( "\).
The (Z[\) and (zI)) is by eliding the ( "\).
(zIJcH ).
(
J F E Q JH J F M HK
A TA2 J F E Q JH J"M "J M[H C !E) – Your
fasting is better for you.
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as “to”, e.g. (y
H H(!E C !E
M C)A ) – I came to see you.
The particle (
J E) creates the meaning of negative
emphasis, e.g. (
The particle (T
J E ) indicates the cause of the action,
e.g. (¨
H A'C !F TJ E
M .J E$J !E) - I embraced Islam in order
to succeed.
The particle (
C nE RA) also written as (nRA) comes in
response to a sentence. It appears before the
(v(& '), e.g. if someone says, (
M .J E$J !E - I
embraced Islām), another person responds by
saying, (¨
H AYC M C nE RA - then you will succeed).
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1. (A "J V
Mc
M C zM iE ) – the (zi) that occurs after ( E E
PYA JH ), e.g. (
J A J'A
H \J!EH J M HU H MA
N E E H) –
Allāh will not punish them while you are
among them. Here the verb (
H U H MA) is in
the meaning of (
H U H M2 C *EA).
2. (%P<
H ), e.g. (TJ A!E TJ A E nE *C H2 %P<H s H (J *EC l
H H J!E J E) – I
will never leave this land until my father
permits me.
3. (J !E) when it means (
C !E %ERA) or (C !E i| RA), e.g.
(T
J 9U H TJ AHDA J M J !E ¦
H PH IH C*EE) – I will certainly
adhere to you until you give me my right.
In this instance, (T
J AHDA J M J !E) means
(T
J AHDA J M
C !E %ERA).
4. (T
J E zM iE ) – that is, the (zi) which has the
meaning of (T J E ), e.g. (¦
H .H UE *FA ¦
H <MC)A ) – I
came to you so that I can speak to you. In
this sentence, (
H UE *FA) means (H UE !F C !E TJ E ).
5. (P0A0H$
H OE'), when it is in response to:
(1) the imperative (!), e.g. (¨ H AYC <M'E J |H H) –
Learn so that you succeed.
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(zH 3
H J<H'E C c
H J H iE ) – Do not be hasty otherwise
you will regret.
(y
H (H J oM *E'E ¦
H <MJH H J2!E) – Where is your house so
that I can visit you.
(4) desire or wish (T
J .H <PE), e.g.
(
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(
H H<A C @M HDA J M'E HA*C H2 J E) – He did not come to
us so that we could give him the book.
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Word Meaning
s
M HJ H2 s
H H(J A to exercise
(W { p) TH $A !E to grieve
¨H c
H \J!E (1) to make someone
succeed
(x
H 3P [
H H) x
H 3P K
P A to give charity
E H
J <H$J A (10) to regard as easy
| b
H !E (1) to misguide, to
mislead
H 9E \J!E (1) to break, infringe,
violate
(W { s)
H H to fail
t
"J MM { ´
JH thread
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( { ) H\H to go near
F P\AH.
Jc
A C F b
H H2 E physical exercise
(^) 3H H oH to be abstinent
(W { s) Tµ[H to disobey
Exercise No. 82
. J`H ¦
H A yH A `J !F C !E J A ¦
H A nF "J M !E TJ \RA P M |E (1)
. yH A HM TJ 'A Z
H J=
A H iE TJ E C
A C H iE (2)
. H J2A $A H=C H A E "J F H nA'E ¦
H HEJ !E BM J &
A M C H (3)
.
M .J h
P Z
H J]A H %P<H J K
M ( 4)
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EIA JH ¦
H A0A9C <H
J M TJ 'A E [
MV
J H %P<H A H<A)J AC %EH J AEe (5)
. 3H !E ¨H c
A JMA E E H E
H E C | *EA ( H0<AJ H
. 3H J H C
H 9A J<MA J F H J EH 3H J "H C
M AJ *FA MJF H (6)
. A Pc
H C GE H 6
E H x
H J F <HA H\J3 TA' 3A Ho J F (7)
. ¨H HJ <H'E J )A H (8)
. JM "J
M <H'E JM "J )M (9)
. J"b
M H .J <H'E " c
H C j
A H]H <HA J"b
M P H <HH iE (10)
.¦
H H H H 'AH$*F'E M 'AHM %H<H (11)
F J0A$H ¦
H E 3M P .H <HH2H ¦
H F9C H
H | H <HH'E 3M E"H C H2!E M |H <HH 6
| H (12)
. @A .A C A (A 3J 9E A OA J .H C l
H Hc\H | *EA zA 3 9E <P
nRA
M C 9F 'E JAb
H ( "J \M TJ 'A 6
JE !FH C !E TJ \RA TJ 9A J23A K
H _E E (13)
H M &J H2 6 | EA H J DE <H$J H 6
JE E H EED.M C Z
A A<H)J E' ¦H JHJH W H nA ªJ M
.yH M [
H H
3 .P V
H M
M YC \H W
J A |H H |$H H @A JEH
N %|KH
A _F "J $M (H _E E (14)
. J"HVH %P<H E "J MA ªJ M iE +A 3A HA
. H.H XA \J*E'E TJ A "J \M3J H Z
H A H"E C
H JE (15)
%µ.M C yH (A J !F J !E Z
H J [
P P EA
J <H$J *EE (16)
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. A AH[A i| RA _F H³C j
A H E9\J H.'E
. E "0V
A M P.A "F9YA M %P<H P 0AC "FHH E (1)
. ,7AE yH H F C \HH . ,7AE ¦
H V H 0 H \M TJ E (2)
. J F H8 H.A "MH YC H iE H J F HE' H %EH J"$H *C H EJE A (3)
H A M HJ ´F J= H C M F E H P0H<HH2 %P<H "MH `J H "FF H (4)
. A c
J YE C H A A "H $J ´
A J= H C
. @A | A A0$H H ¦ H |& A M'E H"H C BA 0A<PH iE H (5)
@M E @M YE A H&M'E H H bJ E @H s M A 9C M2 W J A | En J H (6)
. G H J7AE 'HbJ !E
Exercise No. 83
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Lesson 56
Meaning Word
who J H
what, whatever H
how, wherever %\P!E
when %µ<H
whenever E P2!E
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wherever H.HJ2!E
whenever H.YE JE
whatever H.J H
wherever H.7FJH
which (masculine) W
S !E
which (feminine) P2!E
2. The above-mentioned (t
A J h
P ON H.$J !E) render jazm
to two verbs like (PL
A J `H C RA) when both the verbs
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N @M .J EJ H2
Whatever you give, you
will be given a IH c
J M ´
A J M H.J H (3)
recompense.
Whenever you two
strive, you will succeed.
HVc
H JH HH
J H %µ<H (4)
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(zJIM c
J H ), e.g. (J A
J H
J F $J !F) – Be silent, you will be
safe.
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3) (T\H)
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Examples:
Analysis Sentence
The response contains a
J=
H A
N M F JH .J H2 C RA (1)
(g ).
Q J23A E º J`H U F %EH "H M 'E
The response contains
E "J 0V
A M J <MJF C RA (2)
the imperative (!).
TJ \A"J M 0APE'
The response contains
J F <MC*E$H H.'E J <MJ|"H H C A'E (3)
('\ ).
)J !E J A
The response contains
J E'E JH J A J"FH YC H HH (4)
(
J E).
+M J M YE C M
The response contains
m
Q !E x
H H $H 3J 9E 'E x
J A
J H2 C RA (5)
(3
J E).
@M E
The response contains
(^
H "J $H ). ^
H "J
H 'E EJH J <MYC A C RA (6)
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N M F JA]J M2
The response contains a i H ¦ H JA | E!E H\!E A H H C RA (7)
(3) '). A HAªJ M2 C !E TJ (H %HH 'E 3EH H
¦
H <AP)H J A JH
34
A J2"A
J <PAH 3J 9E AH J EH H.AH 3 A HcAH P0AELE P.A $J A
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Examples:
(
A JYE C!E J"0MA]J H2
Q C!E J F JA J F H2 C RA) – If there are a
thousand mujāhids among you, they will
overpower two thousand (disbelievers).
(@M J A
Exercise No. 84
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Q : [
"
in Y J 8
9
- +
Y
v(&>
_"cH.C Y
^
(µIcJ M2) v(&>
{
£\ { zIcH.C
+
{ T#2 $
,.b
zIcH.C { th { th $
(
$ @ _"Y ,.& 6 { 0>
[<
{ th
"[ " @\ v"'
( {
@<6 Y !3<0
B
t9$ B)(
(f
^ !3<0>
a<
@' { 6
Y
" ,.b v"'
Z#\
{ Y
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6
v"'
Y B Y
' = _"Y> !3<0
"J H " !3<0. Â =
B _"cH.C Y
Y Z#\
t` = g .M) = Â B !3<0>
.M) = a<>
OI) = '
PLA J `H .)M = OI B th
. (A H3'E yH P 3M H Z
J A]J H J E C RA (1)
The verb ((A H) is the (!) from (GH(H3M ) meaning "to
be sociable and affable".
35
. +M J M YE C M J E'E JH J A J"FH YC H HH (2)
35 The particle (H) in this sentence is (th $) and renders jazm to
the verb. It is (
"[ 6) because it is the (_"Y) of (J"FH YC H). It has
preceded (zP39E M ) the verb.
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Word Meaning
() {
H HK!E (1) to attain, to do properly, to
hit the mark, to reach
_F H=H2 _E H to think
(p) TH YA H to be hidden
9E JAH characteristic
(^) H V
H $H to bewitch, to charm
j
Q E$H { E$H evil
G H 3J F model, example
()
H DE E to be kind, friendly
(y)
H DF E to be fine, delicate, elegant,
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graceful
M $A HH { Q
A JH foot sole, padded foot (of
animals)
Q H\J!E {
Q H\ canine tooth, tusk, fang
(p) ºE LA H to trample
Exercise No. 85
. (1234) J H J M2iE J H J H2 6
E JH (1)
PA
H JE'E H\H J0AE J U"H M2 iE H H\H J]A HK J H J H2 iE J H (2)
.(1234)
.(1234) PA H zJ A C M2 iE J H (3)
H JE'E @M YE Jb
.¦
H MH0J !E J 7FC H2 ¦
H F6
E J !E J
MV
J H %µ<H (4)
.Z
A J0AD| _F "J M M Z
J M [
J H2
A .J h
P (M "J \M C M 3J H2 H.7FJH (5)
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H
H H G H 3J F J"\M"J F H C !E TJ 'A ON HÈ H2!E J3M A <H)J A (6)
. J F M iE J !E J F H2 J"\M"J F H H.YE JE J F \PEA J F A iE J *EA
OA H. A (J *EC %A' J H J"M.H (J A (7)
P %A' J H J F .J H J H2 s
.(1234)
. _A IA JH H Z
J0AH µC nA J A ¦
A 0J\H EYA (8)
G H J7AE ( "J M !F TJ 'A BJ \AH[M2 J E J H H (9)
A J.H A *C LE "J M2H
H\J*EA p
J P & H M2
@M 9E J23A K
H 3M H Z J AV J H2 (J A <H]J H2 J H H (10)
zA P E M2 J E @M
H YC \H zJ E M2 J E J H H
9E JAH J A Ä
A J 3H JA J F H2 H.J H H (11)
A EJ M p
A P %EH %µY= J H HEH C RAH
3$A H ¦ M H iE H zJ 3H JH (J A <H]J H iE H (12)
A 9| V
H M yH H"$A J 9A V
J H iE H _½ E M
Z
J [ A M C RA ¦
H \PA'E µ("J h H A J 7AC !EH (13)
. (A E J M W
H !CP ºA DA =
J M J !E A H 3J c
A H
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Exercise No. 86
. ,7AE C"F0JHCH 6
AE C"FV
H&
J HC 'E (1)
M HJ *EC
P.EH H.J E$J !E "J F"J F AµH "J MA ªJ M J E C F PH 8
A EE (2)
. J F A"FF TJ 'A F HÊAC A M 3J H2
. @M @A A F0J$A HVM2 +M "FY= A YF \E! TA' H CM30JM ARH (3)
J M J !E J F
. .AXH o"J 'E oH E' 3J 9E 'E @M E"M$(H H @H | BJ DA M2 HH (4)
¦
H E M V
J \H H.'E HA H\H V
H
J <HU H28 A @A A HA*C H H.J H C"FEH (5)
.¬ H AA ªJ .M A
J M2 . 32A3$H "J E "J F"J FH @H | "F9PA (6)
. J F EH.J !E J F E ¨J A[
.HA C"MH YC H2 E$H J F 0J[
A M ARH J M ªJ
M H H
H H J F
J
H .J H AR (7)
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Lesson 57
(1) (T
J A0J.H CE) – Indeclinable Nouns whose final
radicals remain unchanged in the different cases
and they are not affected by any (), e.g.
(2) (^
M A [
H J.M C
M H J .M CE) triptotes36 – those
nouns whose ends change due to a change in case
and which accept (B'(), (Z[\) and (d )) with
tanwīn, e.g.
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(3) (^A[
H J.M C M J]H C
M H J .M CE) diptotes37 – nouns
which do not accept tanwīn and in the
nominative case (B' ), a dammah is used,
while a fathah without tanwīn is used in the
accusative and genitive cases (d Z[ ),
e.g.
37These are certain classes of nouns that are not fully declined.
European grammarians sometimes refer to them as diptotes. (A
New Arabic Grammar by Haywood and Nahmad, p. 34, 1970,
Lund Humphries)
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(zA E
H - name of woman), (x
A H'E - a transgressing
woman), ((A E
H - meaning “beware”).
Note 1: The dual forms of the (GA (H H`AC ON H.$J !E) and
(A E"J K
M "J .H CON H.$J !E) are declinable, e.g. (
A E µ ), (A J2E µ ),
(
A E|E), (A J2E |E), (¦ H \AEn) and (¦
H AJ2nE ).
(R
# O s
#
9 #))
3. These are the types of (^A[
H J.M C M J-E ) and the
method of recognizing them:
(l
Q "J \M) is fully declinable (^A[
H JM ). It will also
be (^A[
H J.M C M J-E ) if its middle radical is
(yV
H <HM ), e.g. (M <H`H ) – name of a fort or it is
feminine, e.g. (M [ J A ) – Egypt. However,
there is a difference of opinion with regard
to the word (3
Q JA ). According to some
scholars, it is masculine while others are of
the view that it is feminine.
c) where two words are joined in such a
manner that they have become one word,
e.g. (¦
0HEJ H)38 – name of a city. Such a
compound is called (TA)IJ H Z|H M ) or
(TA)HI<AJ A Z|H M ).
d) such a noun which has an extra alif and
nūn at the end, (
F H.7CM ).
e) it has the same scale as a verb, e.g. (3
M .H J !E),
(3
M J2IA H2).
f) a proper noun on the scale of (
F H 'F), e.g.
38 The word (FJ H) is the name of an idol while (¦H) is the name of a
king.
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(M .
H M ), (M 'EoM ). Very few words are used on this
scale.
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( \HH3
J \H).
it is on the scale of (
F H 'C !E), e.g. (M .H J !E), (M
H J !E),
etc.
it is such a numeral whose meaning has
repetition, e.g. (M H!F) – one by one, (3
M A "J H ) –
one by one. Each of these words contain the
meaning of (3
Q A H 3Q A H) – one by one. (ON HeF) –
in twos, (%µ7C H ) – in twos. This continues in a
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Plural
Example Singular Meaning
Scale
F AH'E M A H(H Q H (J A silver coin
F JA E'!E Z
M J2nA E!E HJ F C !F lie
F A EYH 3M )A HH 3Q c
A
J H musjid
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of a (^A[
H J.M C M J-E ) is the same as (^A[
H JM ) words,
e.g.
H J2A .H J !E E J M .H J !E A J2H .H J !E A H.H J !E M.H J !E
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Causes
Meaning
(R# g+
7J)
P.A EH proper noun
EYK
A or JKH adjective
1J\A*C H feminine
H.c
J M non-Arabic
G3H #AHo G H J 3M .J H
Q A!E extra alif succeeded by
hamzah
v
A "J .M c
M C %H <HJM B.J )H the final plural scale
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(5
F 6
E eF) or (1
F E7CH ) has (EYK
A ) and (_J3H );
(
F HhDC H ) has (EYK
A ) and (A H3H #AHo "J \M H
Q A!E).
Examples Causes
F c
H J23A H { GF IH .J H { F | H { M H$M 1\ª> EH
M \M"J M2 {
M "J 9F J H2 { F JA H.$J A { zM H 8 Td .HcH EH
{ F H3J .P V H M { F H=Jb A E
Z> EH
M J`A H (J !E {
M A E J23A J H
M F h
J H2 {%EJ H2 { Z
M H `J !E { M .P `H Y o"> EH
M 'EoM { F 0HM { M &
H M F H 'F o % EH
F H&H (H { F H0J `H { F PH { F |YH " B EH
F H0&
J -E { F P2(H { F ³CH { F H0J`H " B Y[
s
M H J !E { M 0HC !E { M 7EC !E { M XE J !E F H 'C *EA o"> Y[
M .H =
J H { BM HJ H { p
M H.M { v
M H(M %µ> (> 3
{ ON H("J `M H { ON HVJKH { ON H.J H
G3Þ
ON HJH
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Word Meaning
Q H8 { 3Q H!E ever
() l
Q HA(J A (7) satisfaction, pleasure
TS AE9MJ M orange
() %|V
H H (4) to adorn oneself, to don
jewellery
3S )A effort, eagerness
½ )d !E most exalted
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(s) @M E
H EL to please, to be to someone’s
liking
() ^
H EL to go about, to
circumambulate
(s)
H E H to seclude oneself
TS
A AH p
Q H"C !E { p
Q "J E bow
l
H IH F p
M "J E rainbow
p
Q J ªM F { p
Q *C E glass
Q H"C !E {
Q "J F cup
H J -E iE no wonder, it is small
wonder
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3Q c
J H glory, splendour
Q JA H spring
TS AJ\A indigo
TS c
A
H YC HH violet
Exercise No. 87
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x(o! YK! Î
à 9 ! "! 0$ "<2 "
. H &
H J ! T¿ c
A
H YC T¿ \
.v
H H(M H 5
E 6
E eFH %H7CH OH H FE
H EL H C"MVA \E' (1)
F 0JE A HJ23H H "M\H HJ23H H 6 Ð F
H "F9J H2H aH VH $J RA @M E H0JH H H (2)
E M(H H %H$"MH H $M "M2H
H "2!EH E H.JE$M H H MH @A <AP2( nF AH
p
H HCRAH %HAH %HV J H2H P2A E oH H . ¬ H A AV J .M C WAIc J \H ¦ H AE E H
6
Ð F H L"FH H \M"M2H BH H HCH E AH.$J RAH . ¬ H V A AP[ H ¸ F
.¬ H .A EHC %EH HC & P'
.J F ªJ J H iE C"MH 8 H 2A| H2!E H2 (3)
M H J F E 3H 0JM AR OH`J !E J H C"F*E
. F¶M H8H J <M\E! H "M.<MJ.P $H OÀ H.$J !E |RA TH A C RA (4)
. E "FYA H HE J <M\E! TA<| F AeH.<P +A A H H (5)
p
*C E H aH 2A(H!EH
H H3CA J A JEH ^
H"C *EA . E M3|= M "FDH2 (6)
.¬ A P
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z6
y"! y, ZL
("Y] 30
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Lesson 58
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termed as (jH(Mc
J H ).
Each one will be now discussed in detail.
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3AH zH H C !E 3Q J2oH
Y { '
_"Y
"H M ,.b
 = (]K) ' .M) !3<0
(Â) Ag .M)
40 The nūn of the word (E"J MH) has been elided due to being (^&).
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(
E J "M JH) which was abbreviated to (E "J MH).
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(H<
A TS AH zH "J HC !EH E). Sometimes the (_"Y) precedes
the (') and even the verb, e.g. (T S AH <HA !EH E),
(T
S AH !EH E H<A ). However, the (') cannot precede
the verb. If the (') appears before the verb, it
the (!3<0).
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word (@M M "J E) precedes the ('), the pronoun (@M )
refers to such a noun which comes later in words
and in status. This is not permissible. However, if
a pronoun referring to the (') is attached to the
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(_"Y), (A
C U E 0JE (Q H.b
J RA) will be permissible, e.g.
(3
Q AH @M H "J E zH H C ! – Khālid honoured his nation),
because although the word Khālid succeeds the
pronoun in words, it precedes it in status due to it
being the (').
(i
| RA), e.g. (3 J2oH M J-E ! 3Q J2oH i| RA AH zH H C !E H – No one
honoured Ālī besides Zaid). If one has to make the
(') precede the word (i
| RA) in this case, the
meaning will be distorted.
e.g. (3
Q J2oH
¦
H HH b
H – Zaid hit you). The pronoun (yH ) is
the (_"Y) in this example and it is attached to
the verb.
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(3
J2oH p
H H 'E @M $M H 'E aM AP O H) – The one whose horse
surpassed the horse of Zaid came). In this
example, the first (pH'E) is the (') of (a
M AP)
while the second one is the (_"Y). The definite
article (_
C E) in this case is an (_"K" $). Therefore
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the meaning of (a
M AP) is (aH 0H$H W
J A |E). See Lesson
Word Meaning
() %E<HJA (7) to put to the test, to afflict
^
H IH J<H$J A (10) to drain off, to extract
() H &
H H to brood, to incubate (an egg),
to raise (a child)
H H H( to seduce, to entice
@A
A YC \H J H H H H( to tempt someone to commit
evil
(^) BH DE E to sever relations, to traverse
( – ) zH iE to reproach
x
H IP H (2) to tear, to rip apart
Z
M 7AH2 Z
H eEH to attack, to jump
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(s) zH 3H H to demolish
Q HJ !E { TS AHJ !E Bedouin
Q J H dung
Q JH { &
H JH egg
BQ HA { H JA church
<H]J H suddenly
Q H oM { G H J oM group
GH V
H $H { Q A H$ magician
zQ "J V
M `M { Q V
J `H fat
j
Q H.H `H { BQ .J `H candle, lamp
ON PVK
A !E { ¨Q JV
AK
H healthy
BM A H"K
H { H H "J K
H monastery
! Q JLE { Q #AEL
bird
(Q "J MLF
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^
Q PH fortune teller, diviner
! m
Q H'C !E { m
Q J 'E
chick
m
Q J M 'F
{
H J2A 'E !
Q J2A 'E
prey
%µ$J 'E
H<J'A { %<'E youth
p
Q "J 0ME clothing
Exercise No. 88
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_A H"J !E J H J"F*E
J HA W
J 3A JA J"
M E)H H TJ <A0PA !E j
J O H) ! O H) (1
. A YE
P
. ,! "FD9F 2 E J M 0E <H>F BH YE H(J "J EH (2
J"E<H0JM2 %<PH A V
P[
E . ON PVK
A ^
M A J H ! ^
M A J H2 iE (3
.s A H >E
J H A H "J F V
M C E EYC -E H JA <Hh
J H2 A H2J 9E C FG"H
J \A jJ O H) ! O H) (4
. J A <AV
PKA H P A A iE J !E A JAJ H
. HH J M 'F H XC YE V
J H2 ! ¹
F YE Ù H&
H JH M JD| M &JVH (5
. ¦ "D " ¦(! R J
A J !E (6
,D A zA H.<HA j
A (PD| TA' '2 O (7
ON 9Y E 0 BD9 6 B 2$ ¼o R K"
Y (D9 '2 A)M (* "hÊ
"2 ¬> \ B . 9h> z.< Eo "]02
ã' O ^6ß
3.Ü ¼o "] nR E 9h>
"I\ > j"> '"
2 GA (D "
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"<h2
h2i @A #AH.H \A ( D! "2
> d2! 6' Z " "]<h2 } Z<
G4 .\ ¦( ¦µD % `
. Ê~ dV[
Exercise No. 89
. @A
A YC \P H H H<'E M A HM IA 2AIH C GF !EH J A H2A3.H C TA' G"H
J \A _E EH (1
. @A A' TJ AP<M.J F W
J A | P F Aµ'E
J EE (2
M HJ *EC
P.EH H.J E$J !E "F"F AEH "MA ªJ M J | F PH 8
A EE (3
. J F A"FF TA' F HÊAC A M 3J H2
M EJ H2 @M |H @A | _F "M$H E ¦ J \H "FE E "F9'AH.M C yH OH) EnRA (4
H \PRA 3M H h
. E "MnA EE ¬
H 9A 'AH.M C | RA 3M H h
J H2 @M |H @M F"M$H E ¦
H \PRA
J M2 | E! %EH ¦
. J`H @A |A H C A h H HJ A2H0M2 (5
A C nA H J F M EJ !E EH J F FH"J !E J F A C M E "MH 8 H 2A| H2!E H2 (6
. @A |
. H 2A3)A H$ GF H V
H
P TH 9A C!FH (7
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. H oM A Pc
H C %ERA J M P(H J"9E P H 2A| aH A$H (8
BQ HAH BM A H"K
H
J H 3 M |
J 0HA M&
H J H pH P @A | BM 'C H E"J EH (9
. ,7AE @A | M $J HA' M E C M2 3M )A HH H j
Q H"EK H H
. P M .P H*E'E j
H.AE A @M (H H A HJRA %E<HJ nA RAH (10
Exercise No. 90
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Test No. 19
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N o( (6
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Lesson 59
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Sentence Analysis
Both the (!3<0) and the
Z
Q LE 3M E"H CE
(Â) are (HYC M ).
The (!3<0) is a
Z
Q LE BM JDA .M C 3M E"H CE
(TYK" Z|H M ).
The (!3<0) is a
Z
Q LE 3A E"H C
M H<A
(bR Z|H M ).
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Sentence Analysis
¨Q AHK )M (H 3Q J2oH The (Â) is a (TYK" Z|H M ).
_ H J nF 3Q J2oH The (Â) is a (bR Z|H M ).
The (Â) is a verb thereby
oM "J YF H$H 3M A <Hc
J .M CE
constituting a (' .M)).
Q AH +M "J M!E 3Q A H The (Â) is a (g .M)).
x
H "J 'E
M H<A CE
The (Â) is a (^©).
GA 3H &
H J.A C
TA' M J\AH\3P E The (Â) is made up of
x
A J 3M J[ ((cH ()).
(!3<0). Look at the sixth example. The verb (oM "J YF H2)
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(!3<0), which is (3
M A <Hc
J .M CE) in this case.
(3
M Ac.H C q
A J H C Fn
M M"H C (M "FY]H C "H M H ).
In this example, the word ("H M ) is the (!3<0). The
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(Z
Q A H(H Q #AEH
Q AH) ¨Q AHKH 3Q AHH 3Q A H) – Hāmid is
sitting, Khālid is standing and Sālih is riding.
Such a sequence is called (Z
Q PH M Q h
J \HH
S E).
(a) when the (Â) is an (zY<$ $), e.g. (3Q J2oH H J2!E),
(y
H "J M!E
H HE ). In these examples, the words (H J2!E) and
(
H HE ) are the (Â) because they contain the
adverbial meaning ('©). Consequently, they
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(
H HE ) are adverbs and will consequently always
be the (Â). The remaining (zY<$i Og!) like
(
J H ), (H) etc. will always be the (!3<0).
(H0M
A HK (A P3 TA' - The owner of the house is in it).
The word (H0M A HK) is the (PªH M !3<0) while
((A P3 TA') is the (zP39E M Â) because the (!3<0) has a
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Exercise No. 91
N E
,.& { v(& '
"[ @ _"Y v"' !3<0
' (" ) <<>
 = ' Y B Y
g = Â B !3<0>
(2)
V
J $A _E A H0HC H A | RA
ª !3<0
– (G\) ^
@0h ^
!3<0> 3* ( d ) ^
Y
A
"[ ,-
(| RA)
2Â g = Â B !3<0>
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(3)
yH _F H
H JE
 zY<$ $
@R ^& ^&
v"' 6 z39
v"' !3<0
g = Â B !3<0>
Word Meaning
Z
H &
H -C !E (1) enrage
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E J2A V
J H (2) to move
Z
H c
PV
H H (4) to conceal, go into hijāb
Z
H 9| HH (4) to don the niqāb, to cover
the face
HJA
J H (2) calm, tranquillity, peace
EY)J !E { Q YC )H eyelid
Q H generous
¨M #AH(H { V
H #AH( fragrance
x
Q J M `M rising
Q J E regret, grief, sorrow
aQ DA JH speech
Q .H <HM rebellious
¦
Q
J A musk
µ(H creation
3Q AE' devoid
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Exercise No. 92
(A)
Note 4: Recognize the (!3<0) and (Â) in the
following sentences. What is the reason for the
(Â) preceding the (!3<0) in some of the sentences.
.j
H "> ^
M H=H2 i M > (1)
.p
H BM YH2 J H p
A d ,M (2)
. aA D> F \~ A HLC ~A M V
H <H.J M F \È (3)
. E . A C* @232 | ' @<9 A 6 T \AH!E (4)
. %µ$" "' U F A (5)
.
Q < A .< 3 (6)
. ) TJ A (7)
. ) TJ A | RA (8)
.
A M [\ %µ<H (9)
¡¦
S `H
A TA'! (10)
. _ _A Pc
M A Q A HE (11)
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(1)
(2)
(M J 3M M x
A J M h
3H
J 0H9| HH H %V&
M å
J 0Hc
PV
H H H
P H <A$M
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(3)
(M "Y- Q ` y s
( TJ 9A F TJ AY) TJ 0A
(5)
M "J c
M \H H J2A =
H C _A H.A M V
J \H H J A AH.A E J M =
H C HJEH M "J c
M H2
(7)
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Test No. 20
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Lesson 60
The Object
(Q: (Y9+)
H AH Z
H
A H 3H )H H E H )H E =
H PA
to
to think to find to make to take
know
The verb (
H EJ !E) has three objects.
Examples:
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e.g. (+M
F J.A C A nE H<$J *FC zH H C !E - The teacher’s student
honoured him).
(b) when the (,.b) of the (_"Y) is
%µh=
J H2 H.\PRA - From among the
slaves of Allāh, only the learned ones fear Him).
This meaning could also be expressed as follows:
(ON H.EM C i| RA +A A H0A J A
%µh=
J H2 iE ).
(d) when the (_"Y) is such a word that
needs to be at the beginning of the sentence.
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(d2Â
A J E ), e.g.
(H J2!E(H J H - Who did you see?)
(3M J2A M H - What do you intend?)
(@A A IH cJ M JH J A C H YC H H - Whatever good you do, you
will be rewarded for it). See 56.2.
(¡HjCH E H<A J E - How many books did you read?).
(j
M CH E
H<A J E - I have read many books.) In this
sentence, the word ( J E ) is (d2ÂA J E ).
In this case, the (_"Y) has to precede the verb as
well in order to be at the beginning of the
sentence.
(i) ? *
4
(Q J2
AVJ H) means to warn or to caution, e.g.
(
EH E C E
H E CE) – Beware of laziness. This was
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originally (
E
H E C
(A E J A). The word ((J E J A) which is
a (') and (') is implied here. The (_"Y) has
to be repeated in this case. Similarly, one can say,
(
E
H E CH yH P2RA) – This literally means: “Keep
yourself away from laziness and keep laziness
away from you.” It was originally,
(¦
H JA
E
H E CH A
H E C H A ¦
H
H YC \H (J E J A). Instead of the
word ((J E J A), the words (aA PA) or (3J H) could be
understood to be implied.
(ii) io
`
1
(OÀ H-
C RA) means to spur on, to incite or to urge, e.g.
(H H<A)
J ACH H<A)J ACE) - Adopt diligence. This sentence
was originally (H H<A) J AC zA IA CE). Another example is,
(GE 3
HcJ PH GE O J M .M CE) – Adhere to the ideal of manhood
(valour) and courage. Here also, the verb with its
('), namely (zJ IA CE) is implied.
(iii) x
?
R
(r
Q H[<AJ A) means to specify or to intend someone
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in particular, e.g.
(5
F (H "J \M iE H 5
F A \H iE OA H0A\J*EC H `A HH M V
J \H) – We, that is, the
prophets, neither inherit from anyone nor does
anyone inherit from us. The word (£
M !E - I
specify) or (T
J AJ !E - I mean) is implied. The word
(H `
A HH ) is the (_"Y) of this verb. Similarly, one
can say, (
H H H C M V
J \H) – We, the Arabs… or,
(
H J.A A
J .M C M V
J \H) – We, the Muslims…
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(8
9 # (,
s )
9. In some sentences the (_"Y) is mentioned
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(T
J A!E @M =
M "H M2 zM 6] EnA'E
H 0
M ) – I entered the
house when suddenly (I found) my father
rebuking the youth.
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(@M J
H _ "J ]M h
J H ), it is analyzed as the (_"Y) of an
Exercise 93
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yH BH Y\ @M
H d[ H C RA
@ _"Y
Y
_"Y
(d39
6 @
(
H d[)
_"Y Y
"[
+Y2
6 @ Tb> =
Y Y
"[ ,.& = ' ^
B +3 W
= <<> Y th
Y Y } .
= ' " !
Y B
OI) Y ,Y
_"Y>
.c
=
= '
PY
OI) t`
L` '
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Word Meaning
E 0HC !E (1) to advance, to face
t
H'C RA (1) to exceed the limit
´
J2A YC H (2) to be deficient, to
squander
BM #AH&H { H H&A merchandise
Z
H Ec
J <H$J RAH (s) Z
H E)H to draw, to attract
v
Q H)A { BQ #AH) hungry
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ON HE)M {
Q JA)H companion
anthology of poetry,
M J2A HH { H"J2A governmental office,
account books
M #AHoH { "J MoH customer, client, buyer
( – ) HE to don, to wear
F oA H=H { IH =
J H storeroom, depot, shop
Exercise No. 94
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. H J]A [
P H\H!E H\*C 'EE (1)
. M J0AE C H\"J M !E H\*E'EE (2)
. %µJA %µ$"J M E!(H H (3)
. P2A E oH
H HV
J .A C %HH (4)
. %µ$"J M H[H C %µ9C!E (5)
. TJ A!E TJ A !E zH H C !E (6)
. TJ 9A J23A K
H TJ AH<A !EH E (7)
.
H 9 )M (H W
d !E (8)
.
H C E !E \HP(M J E (9)
.
M C E !E H |YM J E (10)
¡
H .J |H H J .P A H
H .J |H J H (11)
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A H 0A H2)
A H 0A
(19)
Exercise No. 95
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Exercise No. 96
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Exercise No. 97
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43 bunch
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Lesson 61
(y
0) G # (, Y 9
#))
The General Object
. .JAC H %µ$"J M
N H |E (1)
Allāh addressed Mūsā directly.
. 3 J23A `H J b
H x
M (A P
H Mb (2)
The thief was severely beaten.
. 3A J2A 0HC H J$H j
M J $A (3)
I travelled like a courier (lit. the travelling of a
courier).
. A J<H|H F H P
A |H (4)
The clock struck twice.
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('bR) as in example 3.
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the (aED
C M _J"M YC H ), e.g.
(
EDA ¨H [H 'C !E Z H LE H) – He delivered a most
eloquent address.
The word (
ED
A ) is the ((3[) of (Z
H LE H).
7. The words (
¸ F ), (
Q J H), an adjective together
with the(3 $) – a word denoting a number,
are all used as a (aED
C M _J"M YC H ) and are therefore
(
"[), e.g.
(
A J.H C | F _E H) – He inclined completely.
(A e½*E<P
H J H H e|*EH) – He was slightly affected.
(J 7AE C nA W! J7AE
MF nC !F) – Remember Allāh
abundantly.
(j
H3C )H H h ! G 3H C )H W! hH x
M (A P 3H A)M ) – The thief
was lashed ten times.
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The word (
A J.H C) is the ((3[) of (_E H) but it is
(() because of being the (@ ^&). The word
| F is the (^&) and is therefore (
"[) instead
of the ((3[). You can understand the other
examples in a similar manner.
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(¦
H JHH0CRA) remains. Further decreasing of alphabets
results in the word (¦
H J0PE). The meaning is, “I am
at your service, not once, but numerous times.”
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z7V f
M
3 #)
:%V<)
aD _"Y @ _"Y Y B Y
z7V f
M
3 #)
:
u
W
V f %0# M
3 #)
:%V<)
(JM c
J H (H)
@ _"Y Y B Y
Y a<
((JM c
J H (H)) in the third sentence. All three
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Word Meaning
S !E fodder
J !E to catch, to arrest
H h
H <HC A (7) to discover, to find
out
x
Q6E J RA bankruptcy
v
H P c
H H (4) to sip
BQ Jc
Ah
J H (2) encouragement
3H .P H H (4) to do intentionally
v
Q J IQ )H impatient
Hh
J H fear
P `A !E { v
Q H`M ray
E A `H ! E J `A company, partnership
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Q HVK
J !E { Z
Q A HK companion, master
Z
S K
H pouring, casting
j
Q 6
EKA { EK
A gift, bond, relation
v
Q H0LA { BQ 0JLE nature
Z
H EH (3) to punish
(Q H[J !E ! (Q "J [
M M { Q [
J H time, period, era
Z
Q C -F { ON H0C -E dense
Z
Q &
J E reed, tree with branches
j
A HHV
A C M EE accounting department
H <AJ !E { v
Q H<H benefit, necessities
Q .H <HM rebellious
G HbJ H pleasure
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() H c
HH to abandon, to leave
TS 'AH faithful
(^) Ec
H E to take refuge, to resort
(^) ¨H g
H to allow, to permit
OÀ H`A purchase
GA H J 7| j
M En wealthy
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Exercise No. 98
Look for the (aD _"Y) and the (@ _"Y) in the
following sentences.
G$9 3H ¦ VK _F . .X (M$ TJ \AP $ 39 (1)
.3 23` s
.¦
H 0AK E "JM TJ A ¦A$(R A 0AC E C `M y`! (2)
E 6
H A` n' ] (JbRA @A JA.A J <H
J M ¬
M 3< &
M 2 ( 3)
. 23A ! @' +A ( & A
. G ,7 j
'h< A [ TA' ON . h< (4)
.l
A 0[ E EE! 3H H H A J<HEC !E (A TA' *\ (5)
.@R k
< TA' ¦
H \d! P © zA ~
H H
H ! EnRA (6)
D ¨H ['! @0L=' ¦
A A> W32 ¬ S ! (7)
. A[A @ ! @0c*'
. z2 5" % Â[ | Â[\ ! T]02 (8)
% ¼ ch GI#) "V) M i %D2 (9)
. [Ù
% #( #` 3! 23234 ` d (10)
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Exercise No. 99
. A0 V<J'E ¦
H E HV
J <H'E P\RA (1)
. 3JE 3M A!EH . 3JE E M3AH2 J M \PRA (2)
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TA\(J nE H . 6
A.)H c
J H J M J c
M J H E "F"F9H2 H %EH J 0AK
J H (3)
.6
AE J M C H H A .H J P TAF! ¬
H AU E .M CH
H9C 9E `H P eF 0K
H OH.C H0J0HK H P\!E . @A A HLE %ERA F H\AC A XF HC 'E (4)
.6 = J \HH \"M<J2oH H . 0& J EH 0HA H . 0H HA' H<J0H\E*'E . Ð9`H s H (J *EC
. J F A H\J*EAH J F | H<P . !EH H A E'H . 0C -F aH #AH3H H
. FP2RAH J M FoM J \H M V
J \P x
6JRA E Hh
J H J F H iJ!E C"F<M9C H iE H (5)
)J !E @A AªJ \M ^
H "J
H 'E @A j
A HbJ H O H]<HJ ¦
H AnE C H YC H2 HH (6)
. .AXH
i E\H H0
H E H.A O· HI)H H.M H23A J2!E "J M DE C E' F E(A PH x
M (A PH (7)
. @A H
. ( 3A <H9C I 2AIH E J !E J M H\C H *E'E (8)
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j
A 3 E 2Ao E H H<V
J .M C TJ <AF!
@
( z6
. W("! BA TA' ¦ A R EcH C!E E! TJ \AH "P H 3 T ¦ A A JK
M F
TA' TJ AM IH C H O `! A O` R ) TA' zH " TJ \A(! T\R
µ3 Î | R TJ $M ! ¦A(A )A ( ¦ A M3J [
H 9' . A $(3>
TJ <A) HA TH & A C *EA A "9 ¦ A M Y\ @ ¨M .H K H J 'F _A P !
¦A&Y W` I2 ¦ . zA MIF 3A 2 Ù TH A0 ¹ E YE!H
. ¦ M J M . ¦ TJ <A0PV H H
M &<
BD> y"!
3
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Test No. 21
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. A JH3c$ TJ U[
H .M C 3c$ •
% 6
½ "H H (4) 9E eA (3) %µ]A A 0ELE (2) A T'A 0-( (1)
G H E'RA (9) \HHRA (8) H<AJ R (7) .H (6) G *E'EEM (5)
A
A j
A b O ]< "d3[<2 (1)
. ¨A J A 6
H !E M )A <M\ (2)
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Lesson 62
The Adverb
(Q O . (Y9
#))
1. (
A UH .M C zH H!E H0K
H p
H (J 3P j
M !CH E) – I read the lesson
in the morning in front of the teacher.
(^
M J X| E) is a noun which denotes the time or place
in which the action took place. In the above
sentence, the word (H0K
H ) and (zH H!E) are (@A J'A _"Y)
because the former denotes the time while the
latter indicates the place of the action. You can
also term the former (
A HIP ^
M J ©E ) and the latter
(
A E.H C ^
M J ©E ).
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(;
+%[#
b) )
Word Meaning
H\AEe second
9E JAH minute
H H$ hour
zQ "J H2 day
v
Q "J 0M$J !F week
J E century
Q J H period, always
Q JA time
G H C M morning, early
JK
A !E evening
l
Q H0K
H morning
OÀ
H H evening
JE night
(Q H\H day
3Q H!E always
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If a (
^) does not precede the (A HIP ^
M J ©E ), it
will always be (
"[). If the word is not (^&),
it will always have tanwīn at the end, e.g.
(6
JK
A !EH G H C M
(;
)I
#
b) )
Word Meaning
x
H "J 'E above
H V
J H below
zH H!E in front
zH P3F in front
H C H behind
O H(H behind
E 0JE before
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3H J H after
O HoRA opposite
BH H with
3H JA by
H JH between, among
W
J 3H H2 H JH in front of
J `H east
J -E west
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i H.`H north
6
JA mile
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applies to (3
H JA ) and (µ3E).
and (;
3 #))
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¦
H J23H E ¦
H \J3M E singular
Masculine
.H F J23H E .H F \J3M E dual
¦
A J23H E ¦
A \J3M E singular
Feminine
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Examples:
(
A 0Hc
H C x
H "J 'E) – on top of the mountain,
(GA H c
Hh
P
H V J H) – under the tree,
(+M (H HH2
M J E)H ) – I sat on his left-hand side,
(=$
H J 'E iE 6 JA
M J2H )H ) – I ran a mile, not 3 miles.
5. Those (
A E.H C ^
M J M ©F ) that are specific and
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(3
HcA
J .H C
M C H H ) – I entered the musjid.
( H2J E
M CIH \H) – I alighted in a village.
(E
| H TJ 'A M JE $H ) – I lived in Makkah.
(T
J A0J.H CE). They are:
(a) The word (´
½ E – ever) is used for the perfect
44 The word (E) is read with a fathah because it is (^[ ,-). See
Lesson 57.
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(b) (1
F JH – where, wherever, since). It is a
(
A E.H C
^
M J ©E ) and it is also used for time. It is
(
&P %EH TJ A0J.H CE). It is normally (^&) towards a
sentence, e.g.
p
M P sH E'!E 1F JH J A C"M&A'!E P eF
. Q A(P (Q "FY-E @H | RA @H CMYA ]J <H$J H
Then stream forth from where the people stream
forth.
(c) (
F 0JE) and (3M J H) are originally declinable (
)
but when the (@R ^&) is elided, they become
(
&P %EH TJ A0J.H CE), e.g.
(º
J`H U F 3H J H H º J`H U F E 0 ! 3M J H J A H F 0JE J A M J
A)
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The word (
H J2!E) is a (A E.H C ^
M J ©E ), (%µ\d!E) is both a
(
A HIP ^
M J ©E ) and (A E.H C ^
M J ©E ) while (E P2!E) and (%µ<H )
are ( A HIP ^
M J ©E ). Sometimes the particle (H) is
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suffixed to (
H J2!E) and (%µ<H ), thus forming the words
(H.HJ2!E) and (H %µ<H ).
(^JX
| ON H.$J !E).
Examples:
(
N H *EYE LC !E
A J V
H C A (H\ J3M EJ !E H.|F ) - Whenever they
kindle a fire, Allāh extinguishes it.
(HJ |K
H H.7EJ2(H zM 6
E ]M C
H EH ) – The youth stood while we
completed our salāh.
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(y
H M XA <HJ\H PF H.EEL) - How long have we been waiting
for you.
(+M HJ2!E(H H.|E) – We seldom saw him.
The word (nC RA) is most often used for the past tense
noun, e.g. ((A H]C TA' H.M nC RA) – when both of them
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“therefore,” e.g. (¨
Q AK )M (H "H M nC RA @M <MHC !E) – I
honoured him because he is a pious man. In this
case, the word (nC RA) will be regarded among the
particles (^).
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Note 8: The words (n RA zH "J H2), (n RA H JA ) and (n RA
H C H )
are written as (
AH "J H2), ( AHJA ) and ( A<HC H )
respectively.
2. (
J E )
3. (3 $)
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Examples:
(
A .J h
P v
H "J FLF
M C)A ) – I came at sunrise.
(
H 7C0AE H$H J E J !E "J H2 J E =
H 7C0AE J E ) – How long did
you stay?
(z P2!E E H H(J !E
M 7C0AE) – I stayed for four days.
(E H
A P +A A µ M YC EH ) – I stood on this side.
(A J| BH J(M H (A HP _E "J LF J !E (A HP | F
M Jh
H H ) – I walked
the whole day and a quarter of the night.
they are (T
J A0J>E E). The (
) cannot be written in
words.
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In some sentences, both (D ) and (A PA .H C M H )
are permissible, e.g.
(+M 3
M J)M H M JA *EC zH 3A E) – The leader came and his army
came.
(+M 3
H J)M H M JA *EC zH 3A E) – The leader came with his army.
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,.b
M H _"Y
(
A PA .H C @' Y
^& [<
^& ^& PA0JH ^© B
@R ^&
% > Y
6 @R
¨<Y
"[
(
– @' _"Y
@ _"Y
I ^©
2Â '
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Word Meaning
A µ$J !E to make someone travel
p
Q *C H strength, harm, hurt
v
H P YE H (4) to branch out, to ramify
Z
H 0PH (2) to make beloved
j
Q PH { PH snake
{ LE (A H ! DE J2A H
map, chart
´
F #AHH
(Q HJ !E { Q MM back, buttocks, behind
H Hb(H breastfeeding
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%µ&
d E (2) to perform, to carry out
A HcE"J [
P Z
M J E cricket
zM HV
H C 3M c
A
J .H CE the sanctified musjid (of
Makkah)
%µ[C *EC 3M c
A
J .H CE the musjid of Baitul
Muqaddas
M (A ³H {
Q (H *C H purpose, aim, desire
H.HJH while
Q b
A \H fresh
(Q H oJ !E { G H J oH flower
yH (A H oJ !E M b
A H\ news of your good health
3M YA H2 3H 'EH to come
TS H !F small brother
m
Q (P ªH M dated
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Q "J 9F \M { 3Q 9C \H cash
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50 Due to () at the end of the stanza, an alif is read on the word
().
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iE H J F E @M Z
H <HE TA<| E $H 3P 9E >F s
H (J "FM J zA "J E H2 (5)
. J F (A HJ !E %EH 3HJ H
HA' C"MH P 3H!E HEM 3J \P E P\RA %µ$"M H2 C"FE (6)
. E M3A E HM H P\RA 6AE9'E ¦ H (H H H \E! Z J H nC E'
%ERA C"EH EnRAH PH 8 C"FE C"MH 8 H 2A| "F9E EnRAH (7)
. E M¶IA J <H
J M M V
J \H H.\PRA J C H H P\RA C"FE J A AALH`H
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G3`( ¦M<!
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Test No. 22
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Lesson 63
The Condition
(_
F E4)
MF nC F (1)
. 'AHK O H.C HJA `H (2)
. A J0HA H( .J H 3Q J2oH H |E (3)
.p
A P H A Ç
· <H.J M 3H c
A
J .H C
M C H H (4)
. OA H.C H A O· "J F.J H s
A "J V
H C TA'
M C
H <H-C A (5)
( "[).
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(aH<h
J M $) and indefinite (G\). The (_A HVCFn) is
definite ('). Sometimes the (_) is (')
(+M 3
H J H
A A
M JH 8) – I believed in Allāh alone.
In this sentence, the word (+M 3 H J H ) is the (_) of
the word (
). Therefore it is (
"[). The word
(+M 3
H J H ) has become (') because of ('bR).
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(AH
H \8JF +M HCIH \J!E P\RA) – We revealed it as an
Arabic Qur’ān.
• it indicates a transaction between two
parties, e.g. (3
HA 3H2 ¨H .J 9E C
M J A) – I sold the
wheat from hand to hand (in cash).
between the (_) and the (_ A HVCFn). The (´AH() can
either be (PAH ) or a (Z#- ,.b - third person
pronoun) or both.
Type of
Examples
Sentence Meaning
Seek
Example of
H \J!EH H C A C "M0FLC !F knowledge
(PAH ) %<'E when you are
a youth.
Example of ¦
M V
H&
J H2 3Q J`A (H O H) Rashīd came
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(¦
M V
H&
J H2) being a (' ), will form the (YK -
adjective) of (
À )M (H ). It will not be the (_) because
(
À )M (H ) is indefinite and a sentence is also regarded
as indefinite. In this case, the (_
A HVCFn) will not be
definite. Therefore it is referred to as the (^"K").
However, although the analysis of the sentence
changes, there is no significant difference in the
meaning.
(Y$
A! E 0&- @" R %$" B)() – Mūsā returned
to his nation in anger and regret.
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O7B =
IC k O
_"Y. _ n @ _"Y B Y
Ee _"Y
_ _4 Y
'
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Vocabulary List 54
Word Meaning
W
J nA "J M2 µn8 to harm, to hurt, to trouble
H
P 0HH (4) to smile
3H K
P H H (4) to be ready
Z
Q M)M one who is in need of a bath
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c
P 'A unripe
H [
P E (2) to trim (the hair), to shorten
k
Q H
J M having a saddle
Z
H |E (2) to turn upside down
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T 9A h j
M "Ê +X< GF S .DM @M0 T 9< j
M "Ê (9)
. +M 3M K
P < GF 9h @M MU H M2 +M,.b
. yH 3H J H 6
k
J M á i (10)
%K) i "$( 3 .VË J2A zA 6$~ (
A
M b( (11)
. ($ @
:(`! (12)
p
M PH A H ¦ H !F ¦ H J3H EH W H \!
( M$ "V&2 ¦ H E"J H
J"E H nR F "J F H .H H % r J A J E'
( b ¦ H A" zA "2
J <M\E!H GE 6
E[ P C"MH 9C H iE C"MH 8 H 2A| H2!E H2 (1)
. 0M)M iE H E "F"F9H H C"M.EJ H %H <PH µ(E$M
. \H"b
J (A H @A | H & P $M | (M J M HH (2)
J 'E E "M]<H0JH2 3c
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¬
H A9UV H M ¬ H AA 8 @M | OH` AR zH HV H C 3H c A J .H C P FM 3J <HE (3)
. E "F'H=H E H 2A[ 9E M H J F $H M¶(M
. HA"J E A Hb H P 0H<H'E (4)
. %EHF C"ME GA 6 E[ P %ERA C"ME EnRAH (5)
. S 3M H J 0HA J F & M J H "J DF 0AJ (6)
@M E E HH J A A' H \E!H J M HU H MA @M E E HH (7)
. E MYA ]J <H J H2 J M H J M HU H M
@A |A yJ A h
J M E TP HM H2 @M XF A H2 "H M H @A AJA F H.9C F _E E nC RAH (8)
. Q AXH Q C XF E yH J h | RA
.¬ H bA A J M GA H A C <P A H J M E H.'E (9)
3EH TA\HFnªJ M H A zA "J E H2 @A A "J 9E A %H$"M _E E nC RAH (10)
. J F JERA @A | _F "M$(H T\!E E "M.EJ P
. E "M.AJ M<\E!H i| RE P M"M.H 6 E 'E (11)
_F "M$(H T\RA E A#H$J RA TAH H2 H H2J H M J %HA _E E nC RAH (12)
_ "M$H A h 0HM H GA H("J <P H A WP 3H H2 H JH H.U 3 [ H FJERA @A |
. 3M .H J !E @M .M $J WA3J H A TA*C H2
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Lesson 64
Specification
([OO
%#))
Translation Sentences
(1) I purchased a ritl
(a weight) of clarified .J $H 6
LC (A
M J2H <H`J A (1)
butter.
(2) Sadaqatul fitr is
one sā (a weight) of JA `H v
Q HK A DC YA C GF EoH (2)
barley.
(3) I sold ten dhirā (an
arm’s length) of silk.
J2A H v
H(nA GE H h
H H
M J A (3)
(4) I have twenty
$H 'E E J M h
J A W
J 3A JA (4)
horses.
(5) The date has a
similar amount of 3JoM HF7CA GA H .J <P %EH (5)
butter.
(6) There is not a
cloud in the sky that H H( (M 3J E OA H.
P TA' H (6)
is equivalent to a HV$H
palm.
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and (JM h
J A ) is a number while (C7A ) and ((J3E) are
not any specific weights but together with their
(@R ^&), they indicate an estimate. In short, all
the above-mentioned nouns have some kind of
vagueness in them which cannot be removed
without a (IJA.
J H).
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5. The (IP.
H M ) is always (G\) – indefinite.
However, if the particle (
J A ) precedes it, it can be
(') – definite, e.g. (
0HE J A LC (A ) or (A 0H| H A LC (A ).
6. The (IJA.
J H) of weights, measures and distance is
always (
"[). Sometimes, due to ('bR) or
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- : & "
+ - : & "
+ [OO
[OO
7. The (IJA.
J H) of numbers has been explained in
detail in Lessons 44 and 45.
8. The sign of recognizing a (IJA.
J H) is that it will
occur in answer to the question, “what thing?”, or
“from what thing?”, or “regarding what?”, or
“concerning what?”
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Allusion to Numbers
(A 3
H H C j
M H2HE )
Word Meaning
J E how much, how many
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If (Y<$ J E ) is in (d
), its (IJA.J H) will also
be in (d
), e.g. (
H J2H <H`J H (J A J E A) – For how
many dirhams did you purchase (it)?
Due to the particle (
) in this sentence, the
The (IJA.
J H) of (EE ) is (Y) and (
"[), e.g.
(.H (J A EE M 9C YE \J!E) - I spent so many dirhams.
((HJ2A EE W J 3A JA ) - I have so many dinars.
( PA(M E
E A
H H<A C M J2H <H`J ) - I bought the book for so
many rupees.
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The words (
J E ) and (J 2*EE ) are always used at the
beginning of a sentence. This is not essential for
the word (E
E ).
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53 earthenware jug
54 family
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.¬
H .A A P M H (J !E "H M H X'AH Q JH @M E' (1)
58 joy
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. \"MM s
H (J *EC H\J c
P 'EH (2)
M H C !E J M 2!E E M(3J H iE (3)
. CY\H J F E
TA' E "FF *C H2 H.\PRA .C ©F %µH<HC _E H"J !E E "FF *C H2 H 2A| | RA (4)
. ,A $H E "J E[J H$H H (H\ J A \A"FDM
TA' J M MJ $H | b
H H 2A| . i H.J !E H 2A H J *ECA J F F0H\M C H C F (5)
. JK
M E "M
AV J M2 J M \P!E E "M0
HV J H2 J M H H\J3 GA HV
H C
. 3M)
M H b
J !EH \EP S `H "H M J H E "M.EJ H
H 'E (6)
.6
A&YC H M 0HC !EH j
H)(H H M 0HC !E GF H A «EH (7)
3H A <9C H H 0ME . E "FH YC H E H E "F"F9H H A "MH 8 H 2A| H2!E H2 (8)
TA' E "FAE9M2 H 2A| Z V A M2 @H | | RA . E "FH YC H E H "F"F9H E! @A |
.r Q "MKJ P HM M\P*EE ÐYK H @A AA0$H
(P FH (9)
. .C A TA\J oA
H H0J$H HV'E @A A$M (M H H(H A J !E J H
J <HH H2J E 2*EE H (10)
. C \ EH H HJ| H H 32A3`H HA
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. 9FM J M M
H J !E p
A P M JH (2) . | $M A JPH
M J A (1)
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(1234)
IJ - O %+
9 :
@ _"Y
(
"[) IÌ Y B Y
(
"[)
2Â '
zX0, = c - Z
<) t
%# O
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
.p
A V H A BM '(! F &
d Y (1)
. l
A Y< ½ E! µ7C.P F (2)
. p
A x
M 3H K! ON 0\ (3)
. BM DE $! A .9 ÂM !
M .h (4)
59
^
A "J MK
M ' j
M 3 ` jA \"4 E 923 M (5)
! 61p H M¶D ¼"L! 60E 'H(IP j
M 3)"' A "4
.
59 types
60 giraffe
61 peacock
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
. ¿ M J A . O· H"H . 6 LC (A . 6
E J !E . i "J LF . $*C H . | $M
. . . H H J A . Z
A <MF H A . .H eE .0A iE
Exercise No. 113
R O ) TJ <A @A A(H "MK J A A HA³C A .H cM C T'A IH JA.J <P A -E
,A J]<P A ¦n @3<2 v A H(H @M E HA .J M ! G (H "MK | F
. IA P.H .M C TA'
(Change the tamīz in the following sentences from
the present form to every other possible form.
Take into consideration the change that this will
cause in the mumayyaz.)
. O H GE P )H F .A V
J H
H J0AC
M J2!E(H (1)
. $HV\M L( , 0H nE _ E97CA (2)
.(linen) \P<E v
(An TJ <H#EA
M 2<` (3)
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
¡Z
HA TJ <H|$
H 2<` (4)
. \"K (a weight) (D M )A <P v
H (5)
. M v
K
M [\ A DY Go (6)
. 0$ j
HJ 3M J .H A A HA³C A .H c
M C TA' GE (H "J FC .H C H H3J IA H
"e6e h h e (1)
. h B(! z"
h @b F # a2D _"L (2)
.
h <# "<$ $(3> (3)
.
. ¬ (D9 BD92 (4)
. BA 62A J2"H J H % _I> .<h2 (5)
62 reception hall.
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
$ IP.> "[ ' IM .< F "2 .M) 56e C " E (1)
. Og!
$ IP.> ( ' IM .< F "2 .M) 56e C " E (2)
. o" Og!
$ IP.> "[ ' IM .< F "2 .M) 56e C " E (3)
. > Og!
IP.> ( ' IM .< F "2 .M) 56e C " E (4)
. 3 Og! $
"[ Y ' IM .< F "2 .M) 56e C " E (5)
. 3 Og! $ IP.>
$ IP.> ( ' IM .< F "2 .M) 56e C " E (6)
. 3 Og!
. . ©"V ' IM d.> F "2 .M) 56e C " E (7)
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
Lesson 65
The Exception
(i
| AA %H7C<H
J .M CE)
1) (A[<PM %µ7C<H
J M ) where the excluded word is
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
sentence preceding (i
| RA) is (zP H ZH)"J M ) – a
positive sentence not having (zY<$) or
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
sentence preceding (i
| RA) is (ZH)"J M ,E-) – a
(%µ7C <H
J M ) will be according to its position in
the sentence. The particle (i | RA) will have no
effect on the sentence, e.g.
(3 J2oH BH H i| RA J 'AH$!F J E { 3J2oH i| RA
M J2!E(H H { 3Q J2oH i| RA O H) H)
Such a (%µ7C <H
J M ) is called (wPYE M %µ7C<H
J M ).
5. Besides (i
| RA), the other words of (O7<$) are:
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(@R ^&).
The (
R) of the word (HNA J - E ) itself is similar to
(i
| AA %µ7C<H
J M ). It will therefore be of three types, e.g.
. 3 A H H J-E ¨M JAH[.H C j
A 3H 9E PRA (1
. 3 JA $H H J-E H JA A E9C %EH
M .J |$H (2
.Z H J2A .H C H H H (3
A J0AD| H J-E 3Q #AH
.
A A J-E !
7. The words (6
E H ) and (H3H ) are originally
(Tb> Y) but they were found to be (
"[) in
Arabic sentences. Accordingly, the grammarians
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(%µ7C <H
J M ) succeeding it could be read (
"[) or
((cH). The words (6 E H H) and (H3H H) always
remain as verbs. The (%µ7C <H J M ) succeeding them
will always be a (@ _"Y) and hence (
"[).
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Word Meaning
Z
P DE <H$J A (10) to seek medical advice, to
consult (a doctor)
TJ AJ M2 %µJ !E to tire, to disable
aM JV
A H2 x
H H to surround
"J F=
J H2 6
E H to be empty, to be alone with
someone
W
J A H3M2 µH to treat (a patient)
(p) Z
H V
AK
H to accompany, to befriend
_ 6
EbH misguidance
E EHVM iE certainly
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%µ*C H2 %µ!E to reject
6
E H º J`H ½ F iE! (13)
. F #o E i \ ½
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
i| RA M3c
H
H E' zH H È M3c
M $J A E #A6
E .H C A HC F nC RAH (1)
. H AJRA
.Z
Q A EH "Q J E i| RA H\J3 GF HV H C +A A H HH (2)
. @A AJ *EA |RA ºF
P M C .H C aM AVH2 EH (3)
.¬ H .A A
J .M C H JH H J-E HA' H\3J )H H H.'E (4)
. _F 6 E& P i| RA a V H C 3H J H EnH.'E (5)
.
N i| RA ZH J]H C M EJ H2 iE (6)
. F ~ i| RA A ~ ON HI)H C H (7)
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
k
VC zA3 (1)
H H<A C j
M !CH E (2)
3Q H !E ¨J c
H JH2 J E (3)
GF H J 7| "J .M JHiE (4)
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
E H&H (H zM 6
E ]M C zH HK (5)
3 H !E %EH yH "J M !E J U
H M2 J E (6)
E H\JAC BM YE JH2 iE (7)
@H A H"YE C
M C E !E (8)
(B)
. OH7C<A$J AC GE H!EH %µ7C<H
J .M C A F `J H A HA³C A .H c
M C H A A J]H A A 7C<H$J A
By using the word (J- E ), make an exception in the
following sentences and fill in the i’rāb of the
(%µ7C <H
J M ) and the particle of (OH7C<A$J RA), that is, the
word (J-
E ).
(H H oJ *EC
M J DE E H (9)
j
A "J .H C 3H J H A H\JAC A %µ90JH2 iE (10)
F A H.H C !F3H [
J H (11)
M P[
P 3A [
A H2 J E (12)
OA E3A K
J *EC BM J.A )H E .H JA"H C H &
H H (13)
M "J Mc
M C H H (14)
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(C)
A HAH=C A A H*EC TA' HJA ^
A J F V
J .H C BA b
J H"A E HA³C E .H c
M C A .A J!E
.¦
H
A YC \H A J-E %EH (15)
. .EE i| RA (16)
. E "J FA HC i| RA (17)
. A 0H| J-E (18)
. 3A#E H3H (19)
. A JHeCA 6
E H (20)
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Lesson 66
The Vocative
({|V
#))
or plural, e.g. (3
A JA C H A H$H2 – O the citizen of India),
(E
| H TJ HA H$H2 – O the two citizens of Makkah),
(A HJ23
A .H C TAA H$H2 – O the citizens of Madīnah),
(b) when it resembles a (^&), e.g.
the meaning of (
A 0Hc
H C BH AEL), therefore it is called
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(^H&.
M CA @AHhM ) – resembling a mudāf.
In the phrase, (6 )M (H H2) no specific person is
intended as in the case of a blind person who calls
out to someone without looking or pondering.
2. If the (µHM ) is (YM) - singular, that is, it is not
(^&), it is regarded as (T
J A0.H CE) in (B' ),
whether it is singular, dual or plural, e.g.
(3
M .P V
H M H2), (F )M (H H2), (A 6
E )M (H H2) and (E "J .M A
J M H2).
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(3
M J2oH ), only a fathah can be read on it
because it is (^&).
3. The hamzatul wasl in such examples is also
elided in writing from the word (
M JA).
e.g. (§
C UH _F "J $M P H2!E H2) – O messenger, convey;
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(F PA.
H DC .M C
M YC P H<MP2!E H2) – O the peaceful soul;
(
(
J F P(H J"9F P p
M P H2!E)
However, although the word (
N E) is definite, it is
used simply as (
N E H2) without the word (H2!E)
being prefixed to it. The phrase ( P M |E) is generally
used in place of (
N E H2).
6. When the (µHM ) is (^&) to ( J UE <HM W - the first
person pronoun), it can be read in several ways:
k
+2
) `,
+2
) `,
H 2
) `,
+ 2
) `,
+ 2
) `,
%+<,
%+<,
%+<,
:
<)
:
<)
:
<)
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(T
J !F) or (TJ . H ), they can be read as (zP !F H J H2) or
(
P H H J H2). This is not permissible for any other
word.
(OH3
M H")H ). The (µHM ) together with the
Abbreviated Vocative
(=O
)
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
Lamenting
(5 :
3
L)
11. If the (T
J A0J.H C µH.M CE), which is (zJ".
M&J H ), is
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
succeeded by an adjective,
• if it is (^&) and without the (_
C E), it is
necessary to read a (Z[H\) on it, e.g.
(A
H Hch
Z
H A HK 3M AH H2), (3 AH H J 3M J2oH H2).
• if it has (_
C E), whether it is (^&) or (HYC M ), it
is permissible to read it with a (Z[H\) or
has (_
C E), (Z[H\) or (B'() can be read on it, e.g.
(@M <HNH !EH
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
Word Meaning
H h
H J!E (1) to announce good news,
glad tidings
TS ]A H prostitute, rebel
H |E H (4) to do in an affected manner,
to do reluctantly
3S )H good fortune, grandfather
Q C H successor
1
'E(H obscenity, intercourse
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
"Q YC K
H clarity, purity
zQ 6
E ©E darkness
{ ON EYc
J H
M cH J !E
lean, emaciated
^
Q HcA
A H<A C F V
H AE' Sūrah Fātihah
x
Q "J
M 'F sin, transgression
! %VA { HV
J A
beard
%VF
O "J $H ON H J RA an evil man
6
J H take it easy, slowly
(s) v
H IH \H to snatch, to remove, to extract
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
Q AH2 dry
. @
( é 2! 2 z6 (8
. a [ x"=> Li (9
.
A H<A C A V
H AEYA i| R G6K i (10
n BM Y2 i
H > TH D i
H D! > BH \ i P (11
. 3 ¦
H 3
:(`!
5
P H R ¦
A > ¬ H 6 Â[' (12
F A . Â[ 0'
@6© 3 E | ! !
F l
A 0[ (A Y$~ @
Y½ i R y2 i ON J >E nR (13
Y$*P< @ J 7 i @3'
H J0ALE A H"A C "H YC K
H J F H2 J E EnRA
Y½E H ºF Jc A H2 ¿ A TJ 'A H JH 6 E 'E
TJ AP "H H ¦ A 'E (14
H J A F 3J H TJ A F 3J H C Å
#AH\ ¦
H JH TJ A9E C H TJ H *EJH C RAH
@M HHH @A JA !E J H TS A-E H\6
E A (15
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
HAH H
H H GA H A È TA'H H
H H H\J3 TA' HA8 HP(H (1
. (A P
H EH
v
M IA JHH OHhH H ¦ H C .M C TAªJ M ¦ A C .M C ¦ H AH P M | A F (2
yH 3A HA OHhH H _½ A MH OHhH H I A MH OHhH P.A ¦ H C .M C
. Q 2A3E O TJ `H U F %H EH ¦ H \PRA M J=
H C
M .J H \J!E TJ <A| TH <A.H J \A J M F nC E J#AH$J RA TJ AH H2 (3
. J F JEH
HAbH( ¦ A (H %ERA TJ A )A (J . F PA.H DC .M C M YC P H<MP2!E H2 (4
. Pb
A J P
. H JA HJRA %EH 6 E $H H J H TA\"J F (M H\ H2 HC F (5
P M FF *C H2 H.$A j H9E H BA 0J$H TA' H<A'C !E aM 23[
H2!E
M $M "M2 (6
.j HAH2 H H !FH & J M j 6 E 0MM$ BA 0J$H H ^Q HcA BQ 0J$H
J H\E HH O "J $H !EH J yA "M!E E E H E M(H H J !F H2 (7
. ]A H ¦A !F
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("V).
(6) There is no book more beneficial than the holy
Qur’ān.
(7) I have neither any book nor any paper.
(8) There is no means of salvation greater than the
oneness of Allāh.
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Lesson 67
The Genetive
(jH(J M c
J .H CE)
(1) (^
A J V
H CA (M J M c
J .H CE) (2) (A 'EHbACA (M J M c
J .H CE)
(1) PX
A YC E and (2) P2"A HJ H
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
particle (_
C E). Therefore, the particle (_C E) cannot be
prefixed to the (^H&M ). However, in ( PX
A YC E E'HbRA),
the (^H&M ) is not ('). Accordingly, when the
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
pronoun (
J ), a jazm and a fathah can be read on
the (
J ), e.g. (TJ AH<A ) or (TH AH<A ). If such a word
occurs at the end of a sentence, it is permissible to
append a ( ) to it, e.g. (@J HAH<
A ) – my book; (@J HAHA )
– my reckoning.
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
In all these examples, the (R "\) falls off due
to (E'HbRA).
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Word Meaning
_E E <HJRA to degrade, abuse
x
H H J !E to incinerate, burn
´
EH 0H\JRA to spread, to be glad, to be
delighted
H 0H9E \JRA to contract, to be depressed, to be
dejected
Z
P E \JRA to devote, to apply oneself
eagerly
H
PV
H H to search
Z
H P H H to enter a monastic life, to
abandon secular pleasures
j
Q H0eE steadfastness
v
Q IH )H anxiety, uneasiness
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
{1
J23A H
talk, speech, thought, new
1
F J2A H!E
() | H to arrive, to untie (a knot)
¾Q c
H A { c
P A year
H H disorder, imbalance
H0J (M { Z
Q A H( one who abandons the world,
monk
%(M { G "H J(H hill
l
Q J (H mercy, help, leisure
() Z
H E $H to pour out, to spill
EDC $M
power, reign
((3[)
t
H"`J !E { t
"J `H circuit
(H H H` to consult
() () w
E HK to mold, to create
(H "P K
H to make a picture
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(p)
H AH to treat harshly
h
H JA life
( s)
H E- to be absent
A J Ç
A () H DE 'E to comprehend, to understand
H]E %µ]C H2 TH ]A E
to talk nonsense
"J ]M C H2
TJ 9U EM2 %|9E to give someone something
_ E <H0JM despised
G H
J H effort
Q .A h
J M sunny day
Q .A 9C M moonlit night
q
Q HH life, means of subsistence
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(^) w
E IH \H to incite to evil
w
IJ \H incitement to evil, satanic
inspiration
(^) *E
H \H to postpone, to delay
(s) ¨H E \H to marry
(^)
H H \H to get up, to rise
! G 3H CA { 3Q JAH
child
H3CA
(@R ^&).
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
89
J"]H CH A 8J9F C EH A "M.H
J H E MYE E H 2A| _E EH (1
. E "M0A]J H J F |H E @A A'
E A.H H @A | %ERA HH P. "J E M H J !E J H H (2
F H
HV H C WA"<H J H EH .¬ H .A A
J .M C H A TA\PRA _E EH VAHK
¦
H HJH WA| EnA'E M H J !E TH A TA<|A BJ 'EJ F E P EH
H 2A| |RA H |9EM2 HH . Q A.H TS AH @M \P*EE G H H3H @M HJHH
¦ H P-E IH JH2 PRAH . AXH ¹ à H Fn |RA H |9EM2 HH M0HK H
.M AH C BM A. P "H M @M \PRA @A |A C A <H$J E' w
IJ \H A EDJh
P H A
M¶H C zM ¶M H _F "F9H'E @A AA.HA @M HH<A TH AF! J H P*E'E (3
.() @J AHA x EM T\!E M H©E T\RA . (<) @J AH<A
. Hb
A P( h H A TA' "H M 'E
J E TA<HJE H2 _F "F9H'E @A AH.h A A @M HH<A TH AF! J H P!EH (4
A \HE H<HJE H2 . @J AHA H (A J !E J EH . @J AH<A j H F!
TH ¦ H EH . (Î) @J AH TH %H-C !E H . E Hb A E9C
. (:D$) @J A\EDC $M
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
R @
Tb( a23[ "! \3$ »> ,! Z<
i , ¦VK! % J HJ H 6' j H $ nR . +"
3 . _3 .<$ (` ¦" Z J &
A ]J M
% [\ i ".© z" ¨'! @\' (" X ¦
i G! i =` i 3 "<9 6' ê[\ nR . 3
.7 c` "D9 i (o "Ù i 6
"9 i 6YL
.<$ . <4K nR "&9 i ê3 nR (3] i .
@ Y\ "3'
"J 0MP H H 0 ( B"[ z" %
. "<9 i "K "3â 6' . Y\ +"&(
Page 402
Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
z6
Page 403
Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
( 231) p
! Z A 0 z P.H B K
.H F J2H X\ [ P 9 é P K 2
(M "P [
H M s( +H ")M H2H H
@\HoH 3 .A h
J M (ã H2H H
M .A 9C M " .H \P*E' H M J oH
H (A "J M XF A H \M"J DF M w
F "J [
M H J V
HbJ !E
(M "P HH
"9 @ ( "\
nR è µ("H q Q H\JM
M XE JH T .H \PA' BM JAP | H
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Page 405
Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
– ÝI2I
– @
( z6 ¦ A
" *.L . (ª> ¦ A <M$( [d 3
\O H H ' _" ¦ A ' ' .Li
v"3 Z$! 7 :' ¦ A H3 \! .$ i . O·
j( è _I\ ( ^L O\8 (I]
@R jK ¬0 G( ¦" [ ¦ A <$(
Page 406
Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
Lesson 68
Apposition
(g:Y#)
(b) (3")
(c) (_3)
(d) (^"D)
Page 407
Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
The Adjective
9# (5R#)
(v"0<), e.g. (ì
M F )) – the noble man.
(+M "J M!E ì
M F )) – the man whose father is noble.
Page 408
Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
3 j">
7Z# 9# XOXC 9# 5#
M > F ) O)
M | > F ) O) ± B'
+"!
F GF 3 j& GF 3d j
A & ± B'
)M o F 1\ª
X - G c`
M 9 G c`
M 9C |
H H Z[
M )A X-
A $(3> M .J |H H A $(3>
M .J |H H
MX\ ^
A > A
Page 409
Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
7 j">
7Z# 9# XOXC 9# 5#
("K ("K
B'
H.M H(ELRA <
A` ¬
A L
M 2<` A JLE
M 2<`
H.M h
M 9C \H A JPAJ `H Z[
Z
2- A J2H #ADE A jM J [ H J!E A J2H #ADE A j
M J [ H J!E
.H M FC `H A J0HJ2A -E
B j">
7Z# 9# XOXC 9# 5#
j
Q Oiª
j
Q 6 j
Q Oiª B'
ON 8
\"R j
M ` \"R j
M `
Z[
ON 8 $A " J J2A $A "
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Page 411
Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
( 9L v
b 3M " O H) ¦
Q b 3Q ¦
Q b 3M "
¦
M V
H &2 3M " O H) ¦
M V
H &2 3Q ¦
M V
H &2 3M "
b 3" O H) ¦
Q b 3Q ¦Q b 3"
+"! +"! +"!
A TJ A<J0Hc
H J !E
A ("K A A ("d[ A
6
A ("[
.H M M XE JH .H M M XE JH
.H M M XE JH
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(E
H $) – a proper noun.
Page 415
Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
Word Meaning
H [
H J!E to look
Q J2A !E surface, tanned skin
3H `H (J !E to guide
@K!) H H H oJ A
zQ HA oJ A (H V
H HoJ A to crowd
((3[)
{j
Q H(ELRA { (Q ELRA
frame, tyre
Q LF !F
*EYE LC !E to extinguish, to stifle
H H LC !E to please, to delight
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GH A H steamship
yQ H A { E J A pond
$A H brave, fearless
´
M M { t
HA mat
E |H to moisten
´
E 0PeE to prevent, to frustrate
0HE)H noise
"J MV
J H2 HH ) TJ \AE4
C E sympathizer, one who feels
(TJ AV
J H2 µÚH pity
¨Q #AH$ { l
Q P$M tourist
Q "J M `M { Z
Q J `H nation, tribe, masses
3M J[
A H2 H HK to hunt
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v
H (H Hb to be similar to
OÀ Hb"J b
H noise, din, uproar
p
Q (A E severe, bitterly cold
Q H0A { 0PF dome
5
E "P E to soil, to stain
(^) 1
E H E to loll one’s tongue with thirst
or fatigue, to pant
( .M H2 P H J A ) (S H passer by
(
H H \J!E)
Q A JM refreshing, invigorating
(H
H J2!E) Q $A "J M wealthy, prosperous
(k
H H $J !E) k
Q A
J M having a saddle
Q H H IJ M crowded place
_ 3A <HJ M moderate
(^) l
H IH \H to be far off, to leave, to depart,
to emigrate, to immigrate
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M HH2
H H to fear
Ä
Q A H calm, peaceful, tranquil
(T
J 0A0H
P ) in the following paragraph:
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AIJ M [
J EH\ (3)
7 i 0
M 9$ (4)
7EJ 0HM ,Q Q P3 (5)
£
A=
J M m
!E '\ V[
J \M C 0HC RA (6)
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
J \H %EH HJA 3 A H ½ F .<h .H )M
P $A " (1)
'~ 1\*< ,< j" ^6< B T99
. B. 7<
J \H %EH HJA 3 A H ½ F .<h .H )M
P $A " (2)
'~ 1\*< ,< j" ^6< B T00$
. B. 7<
567 "2 .H )M
P $A " (3)
.' 567 g
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My Room
I have a room. My room is not cramped65 but is
spacious and beautiful. Its walls are coloured. Its
ceiling is high. It has four windows that are 2m in
length and 1.5m in breadth. Each window has
clear pieces of glass in it so that when it is closed,
it does not prevent the light from entering. My
room has a broad door whose height is 3m. Both
its doorframes66 are very beautiful.
65 aQ b
H
66 v Q H[
J A
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
67 q"9
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
Lesson 69
Emphasis
(3O>Y#)
@MY\ M 2o" e .1
(1) The minister himself spoke to me.
@M H H 2o"
M .2
(2) I met the minister himself.
@A
A Y\ A 2o" R
M 0< .3
(3) I wrote to the minister himself.
@M ½F s
M "J V
H C Ç
<HJ RA .4
(4) The whole pond was filled.
@|
H < j
M ! .5
(5) I read the entire book.
HU _A .
M -' .6
(6) I completed all the work.
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
H.M 6
E A A H"H ¨H c
H \H .7
(7) Both the brothers succeeded.
H.A JEA A J23H AH"C A XU H .8
(8) Honour both the parents.
H.A JEA A JEIA J>E PE $H .9
(9) We lived in both the houses.
H.M H<C A W
H <HJ !F
J Vï .10
(10) Both my sisters succeeded.
H.A J<HC A TP <HJ !F Z
A !F .11
(11) I love both my sisters.
H.A J<HC A TP <HJ *FA
M Jb
A ( .12
(12) I am pleased with both my sisters.
l
H J.< l
H J.<
M 2!( .13
(13) I saw the crocodile, the crocodile.
_F 6
E A C H H ©E H H ©E .14
(14) The crescent appeared, it appeared.
3H J H C F "J M !E iE iE .15
(15) I will not, I will not betray the pledge.
zM "J F.H C
H \J!E zM "J F.H C
H \J!E .16
(16) You are blamed, you are blamed.
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(TXY 3*).
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
. 3Q H !E
H \J!E yH 8H( H (2)
(2) No one saw you, you.
. "H M @A JEH
M .J |$H (3)
(3) I greeted him, him.
.p
H H YE C H\!E k
M A $J !F (4)
(4) I myself will saddle the horse.
. GE E 'AP
H \J!E ¨J <H'C RA (5)
(5) You, you open the window.
.
H H<A C "H M !EH E 3Q J2A 'E (6)
(6) Farīd himself read the book.
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
([Y
v"' ,.b) as done above. Thereafter, the
emphasis using (Y\) or (¬) can be done.
Observe the following examples:
.Z
A )A H"CA TJ
A YC \H H\!E
M .J F (1)
. H.M
M YF \J!E H.M HE (2)
. J M
M YE \J!E J M J¶M H) (3)
.p
H H YE C TJ
A YC \H H\!E k
M A $J !F (4)
. GE E 'AP ¦
H
M YC \H
H \J!E ¨J <H'C RA (5)
H H<A C @M
M YC \H "H M !EH E 3Q J2A 'E (6)
in place of (Y\).
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. 3 c
A >F A % M p
M P TA7CM2 (1)
.
A @M ½ ¦
M > (2)
. J A Z
H d
H \!
H (3)
H M3)"' H| A H<
J 0MC (H Hc`J !E TJ
A YC \H H\!E j
M 3J 9| YE H (4)
. G A.7M
. ¦"R %
J DA J .A ¦
H 23A BJ LA !E (5)
. E .H J.A P yH P2R yH P2R (6)
. µhM0 F .d V<2 @M _F "$ (7)
. . TP 9E 23K B @H (boat) x
H (H J IP
M 0( (8)
. +M O I) TJ \AHcC %µ9C H$H C )H !E C )H !E (9)
+M H"H !E +M H$H P.A H 7EC !E TJ
A YC \H H\!E (console) @M <MJ$H H (10)
. H.M
M YE \J!E
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
!E %H!E
H AJRA i| RA E "M.H )J !E J M ½F F E #A«H.C 3H c
H H 'E (1)
. H 2A3)A P BH H E "FH2
¦
M E.H CH ¦
H (H OH)H ÐH ÐH s M (J *EC
A | M EnRA |E (2)
. ÐYK H ÐYK H
"H M @A | 3H A +M M3c A H JH J FA YF \E*A "M3 9E M HH (3)
. )J !E H XE J !EH JH
. J A JEH Z
H AP
H \E!
H F TA<HJ'|"H H P.E'E (4)
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. ... R J
A J !E (6)
. @M M ...
H 2> H H (7)
. 3 c
A >F % Y\! ... TJ A7C\M (8)
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
.
M )! 1
F ...
J )R (1)
.
H 2> ... JM "M (2)
. H 4 ... Wd" (3)
.Î
| I> ,H 3< ... H $J (M ! (4)
. _I> 5e! ...
M 2<` (5)
. ... )$! (6)
. $ 3 ... H 3Q . k (7)
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
H<C A ! 6
E A A 3ª %µd7F> ' ºæ 56e C "E (1)
77 "[ \7 "' "2 1F ×
. (
Y 3 " % ¸ F .<h 56e C " E (2)
\7 >$ B 3M ª> "2 ¬
., B 77 >$ 1\ª B
à 3 " % ¸ F .<h 56e C " E (3)
> B. \7 Y 3M ª> "2 B!
. 1\ª> B. 77
3ª B'( ,.b % ¸ F .<h B(! C " E (4)
6[< ¬ A ,.& "2 ¬ Y
. << ¬,
Exercise No. 144
Í< +M H3H2
J YE XF \H (1) :È .
!
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
H
YO# 3? < L< ' &@ 8c
,.b
v"' ,.b
[Y
"[
^
M ©
TS A0 [d<
o ' ^
% TS A0
"[ F ' s
zY<$
{ ¨A <Y %
@\ { (o TS A0 TS A0
Q "[ { ¨A <Y
_ "Y v"' % %
@\ 6 Ð
Q "[
A Y @' ¨A <Y "
3Q " @\ 6 Ð
(o
BQ _"Y
,.& @
"[>
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
Lesson 70
((
, 3
7
#))
(1) U F C _F 3
(2) A J 0HC _F 3
(3) _
A H.<A`J AC _F 3
(4) ´A E]H C _F 3
(A) q8I
, # (, 3:
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(B) T
9 7
# (, 3:
. HM J M 'F GF H c
Hh
P
A H DA F (1)
. @M 7EFeF H J23P
M J&
H E (2)
. 68HA H`A A Y %ERA j
M J XE \H (3)
(C) (
K# (, 3:
. 69@M c
M J2(A !E F <M0C v
H "P &
H H (1)
. 70+M H Hh\JRA H A Ph
M g (2)
. @A <Ac` 3 J A
M 0Jc
A H (3)
(D)
0) s
# (, 3:
68 vH`A - sail
69 The fragrance of the garden diffused.
70 Hh\JRA - recital
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
. Í( Y-( E # ´
A J !E (2)
iH2(A 71q
.j J M F A (E*
H <
M 2<`R (3)
example, if one has to say only (zM A~ _), the aim
of the speaker will not be understood. However,
if one has to say (T
S AH _), the original aim is
is called (
U F C _F 3) or (aA'H".M C _F 3).
In (_H.<A`
J AC _F 3), the (_3) is neither part of the
(@M c
M J2(A !E F H<
J 0MC v
H "P &
H H) – The garden was fragrant, the
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
error, e.g. in the sentence (M J2oA "H C M JA *EC zH 3A E), the
was to say (M J2oA "H C zH 3A E). Hence, such a (_3) is called
(´] _3).
4. The (
A J 0HC _F 3) and (_
A H.<A`J AC _F 3) require a
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
( EL
A H HnA E HK
A H\ A HK
A PA J H YE
J HE = YE
J HE).
See Lesson 20, Note 2.
In this example, the first (A HK
A PE) is the (@ _H30M)
and the second one is the (_3) being
('"K" G\).
F ð _30 v
H "\ H @ _E 30> _E 30 IA H
8 .)M
2( ð c
d M
%b( F h# »> zd F
J \HE (1
. 123E4
9 ð 2d3 _)( !
½ HI]H 3 " (2
. Gc¼ A
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
. J A EH
H .H\E! H 2A| t
E HK
A . H A9<HM.C t
E H[
H\3A A (1
. "MM H j
P)H TA' . ¬ H 9A <P.M C | RA (2
A !E z E9H TA' ¬
"FP 'E H 2A| H A ¬
H A A h
J .M C H A "M\"FH iE H GE 6
E[ P "M.A!EH (3
H`A "M\EH J M H2A
iE H E Pc
H C E "FM 3J H2 ¦ H AEJ *F'E VAHK E .A H H H H 8H
H H H i| RA (4
Z
A J]H CA +M H H0A M .H J P 3H H H TA<| 3J H j
A P)H . J`H E "M.EXC M2
HH s
A (J *ECH j
A HH.
P
H (P OHI)H (5
(H . HA OEDH ¦
A .H J H.M HJH
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
72
MVC H @<H\E! a23[
zM =d yM d0h
M
"M 73
@MO H)H zAi Z
M EJ 7| A.P @MhJ2(
E Y
@M)H)oM H "M #D +3C)A
72 dates
73 cheetah
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Lesson 71
(YG9S)
(v"0<) in ( ).
another ().
Examples:
Z
M HA m
M "E ¾H &
A \H
(1) The apricots and the grapes ripened.
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
Z
H m
H "E
(2) I ate the apricots and the grapes.
Z
A HA m
A "E (M c` +A H
(3) These are apricot and grape trees.
x
M A 0JM ON . 3M A J M
(4) The sky thundered and it gleamed with
lightning.
x
H ÂM ON . 3H A M C E J A _F YLi ^
M ä
(5) The children are fearing the thunder and
lightning of the sky.
k
H M =
J H J E'E x
J A 0JM ON . 3A A J M C A
(6) If the sky thunders and gleams with lightning,
you will never come out.
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(FH H
J H <\! J M"J c
H \H) – You and the ones with you
succeeded.
(E P
E ¦
H )M o
H \ J F $J zM 2) – O Adam, you and
your wife live in Jannah.
In the second example, the (@ ^"D) is a
([< v"' ,.b) which is concealed in the verb
($).
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(P
E ¦
H )H o J F $J ) – You live with your wife in
Jannah.
@AH.c
H A %µ)3
H h H E @AH.E A %EM C §E EH
@A8 @ J"½K
H @A[A BM J H M H
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È H.
F H ð @ '"D Bb
3Hh\J!E GE 3[9 ... (1
ON .' ...¦
H A>E E 0H9C <H$J A (2
A JEJA ...
M h (3
¡3-E 3H zJ !E ' ...! (4
i "M$( d eF ...@
M $(!E 59
z"2
H ! ...H7C0AE (6
Exercise No. 154
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Lesson 72
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(H
A – to weave), ( LE HA – to sew), ( H H(oA –
agriculture), ( H0AL – medicine);
(G H .
J M – red), ( E(J oM – blue), (GH &
J M – green), etc.
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(P .
H J A – to be red), (P &
H J A – to be green).
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(_
H"c
J H – to move around thoroughly). This is
derived from (_
F "J c
M H2 _E H)).
((Q E
C H – to remember a lot). This is derived from
(M
F C H2 H E nE ).
(f) the scales ( E"J M 'F) or ( EH'E ) are used for those
of (
E M 'E), e.g. ( E"J M $M – to be easy, soft) – derived
from (
F M
J H2 E M $H ), ( H H0\H – to be clever) – derived
of (
E A 'E), e.g. (l
Q H 'E – to be happy) – derived from
(l
M H YC H2 l
H A 'E),
(
Q DC H – to be thirsty) – derived from (
M DA J H2
H DE H ),
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
etc.
of (
E H 'E), e.g. (Q "J M F– to sit) – derived from (3M M 9C H2 3H H E),
(Q "J M \M – to wake up, to stand) – derived from
(3
M H JH2 3H H \H), etc.
(
E H 'E) or (E A 'E), e.g. (
J -E – to wash) – derived from
(
FA ]J H2 E
H -E ),
(
C E – to eat), (Q J E – to command), (_ "J E - to speak),
(
Q J 'E – to understand), (BQ .J $H – to listen), etc.
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(/OS &3RS)
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
to travel s M J
A .H CE
to return s M J[
A .H CE
always be (
A YC H ), e.g. (3Q A "J H – derived from 3H H H
3M A H2) – to promise,
(
)A "J H – derived from F )H "J H2 E )A H ) – to fear.
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(k
Q HJ RA ÚË k
Q H =
J H ), (_ HJ RA ÚË H 3J H ), ( ÚË %µ<HJ.M CE
OÀ H<A\JA).
(V %"
# d/
2
) ,# O ` & VR+)
The ((3[) of (
E P 'E
), although generally on
the scale of (Y), sometimes comes on the scale
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(H
| nE – to remind) – (G H A C H). This scale is
specifically used in (z6
o".) most of the time
and always in (z6 <), e.g. from (*EPH – to
congratulate) – ( EAJ H), from (%PKH – to make a
The scale ( EA YC H) is not used in (^")!). See 26.3.
The (([) of (
E H 'C !E
) and (E H YC <H$J A), instead of
being (zQ H"C RA) and (zQ H"9C <A$
J RA) are ( H ERA) and ( H E9<A$J RA).
See Lesson 31, Note 5.
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(.
J H 3Q J2o zA "
H J b
H
M 2!H(– Today I saw Zaid hitting
Ámr.)
Word Meaning
((3[) Q H`(J RA (1) to guide
P K
H !E (1) to render deaf
(P3K
H ) H23A [
J H (2) to clap hands
Page 470
Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(%J 9A
J H2
() G (H H.A to build
( ) ¦
S 'E to open, to separate
(p ) 0H]H
J H to become hungry
(Q EDJ !E { Q DE H danger
Q E(A { 0HE(H neck
zQ EXA { Q XC H bone
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
yH M J ! E3H K
H ¦
H ! @) ð ¦M.
0HH
_"$( _ (8
Ä
H d E ) yH M [
J \ 3K A E M»>C ¦ H MJ \H ^>
a2D H XC H yH "J h
P Hc4
E ¦M<LE HRA 3K ¦ A [0
. 3K ¦
ð " 3 (E9H ¬.> BM JH JE (9
¬.> )R "M ¬Ì 994 ð @d\' H JDA J E'E
% G` Vd[ ( ' è $39> s(
e6e F 2R AXY $d39> E ¬.> z<R
. \ h
Q @ !E F , JM 3H J 0H'E 6 A0K
J A (10
,3
239 @A A \,3 x
H "' Q XE \H i ð A .A JH .M C AH
s
M (J j
A 3H
H YE |
J 0HA J M &
H J H p
H P @A BM 'C H iE "J EH (1
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
.¬
H .A EHC %EH &
J 'E Fn @H P A EH
%EH 'E @A j
A H2³A WA,A C HH TAE9P FJEH H 0ME E E AR zA "J E H2 (2
M C | "H H @A
H H 8 J .H E zA HV
H C 3A c
A J .H C GE (H H.A H k
HVC E H2E9$A J <MC H )H !E (3
. E M"<HJ H2 iE @A A A0$H TA' 3H H H)H A A È zA "J HCH @A A
. H23A [
J HH OEM i| RA
A J0HC 3H A J M M6
EKH E E H (4
. +M P2RA H 3H H H G 3H A "J P H i| RA @A A*EA H A HJRA (M EY]J <A$J E E H (5
J !E HH 9C H En .A<H2 0H]H J H WAn z "J H2 TA' zQ HLC RA J !E 0HE(H ¦ 'E (6
A 0J[
P A J"K H H"HH "MH 8 H 2A| H A E E P eF HH <JH En A J A
. A H.H J.H C
M HVK
J !E ¦ H AEJ !F . A .H H J .H CA J"K
H H"HH
E "M0A]J H$H J A 0AE-E 3A J H M H s A 0HA-F (7
A (J *EC %H\J !E TA' zM
.
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
Lesson 73
(5R# ia)
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
Examples:
aA0
J 2 aH 0H$H O) =) $' +M( a O) (1
. ($H 'E +M(.A
¡EG"9C 3M 2o
Q (A `E (2
. GE "9 3M 2o
Q (A ` H (3
.GE "9 +"!
Q (` 3Q H (4
. GE "9 @MH"H ! H(A ` )( O) (5
. "VYF> GE "d[ j
M .9> GE "d[ A .9> (6
. E L 3 +"! Q UM 3Q 2o (7
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(_"Y).
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
4. You know that the (R "\) of the (7) and
($ B) is elided when it is (^&).
( "[).
((Y9S =J)
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(@M $
M H 'E x
Q "J 0M
J H 3Q 2o) – Zaid’s horse was surpassed.
( E 2A4 +M H" H !E Q |H M 3Q ) – Khālid’s two brothers
were taught weaving.
(567S 5R#)
(d0h
YK) is that the meaning of the verbal noun
is temporary in the (Y $) and permanent in
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(@M M )
J H Q
H H – his face is handsome). The word
(@Q )
J H ) is the (') of (Q
H H ) and is therefore
Page 481
Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(5
s#)
7
# 5
sO B
)
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
EP'E H 6
| H very learned
_ "J 'F p
Q J 3 F very sacred
P 'F Z
Q |F one who changes a lot
H YC A
Q H V
J A very quarrelsome
_ H'F
Q HcM very amazing
_ "J M E' x
Q J (M E' distinguisher
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
If the scale (_
"J M 'E) is used for a (_"Y), a (G) will be
suffixed to it for the feminine form, e.g.
( _ "J .M H .H )H – a male camel with a load),
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
( E"J .
M H EH\ – a female camel with a load).
(8OE# 89.<)
Page 485
Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(3
2o ¬ ð @ F V
J F @ ð H
H J E 6M)(H 2!H( ) - I
have not seen anyone in whose eye the collirium
looks more beautiful than the eye of Zaid. The
word (
M
H J E) has rendered (B'() to the word
(
FVJ F ) in this sentence. Many examples of this
nature can be constructed. More details can be
found in the elaborate and exhaustive books.
newspaper, ( S A [
J A F ) H ) – This man is an
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Egyptian.
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Original
YZ+ =J Meaning
Noun
F PH F W
S "A H !FN Umayyad
H2A H W
S A 3H H Bedouin
j
M "J H H &
J H TS A H &
J H of Hadramout, a city
of Yemen
l
Q J (M TS \AHJ (M spiritual
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S (H TS \AP(H of the Lord
Q J2H F TS `A H F Quraishite
GH K
A H\ TS \AH[
J \H Nazarene
S (H
S oA H( of Rayy, a city of
Persia
% \AH.HCE H.H2
M .H HCE Yemeni
% A.H HCE
Word Meaning
p
H H J !E (1) to make dumb
F Jc
A \JACE the book revealed to Ísā
%S !F maternal, illiterate
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M "J <MH2
H H to repent
S A complete
GH C )H ember
ON EYHM {
Q JAH true believer, orthodox
"J
M 9C H2 HE to be hard-hearted
G IH .H F fault-finder
Q E soft
Q J0AM clear
^
Q H <JM living in ease and luxury
OÀ H(J !E { OÀ J (A helper
p
Q A `H vicious, malicious
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Q JYA `H edge
K
H M =d[E the hard rock
1
J-E rain
Q h
H .J h
H -E brave
E H helpless
( H tottering, reeling
Q PH timid, fearful, coward
XE 9C H2 awake
to the word (¦
Q #AH` – weapon belt) when it is used
in the phrase, (l
A6E
%AH`) – bristling with arms.
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. +M 3H 0JH ^
EA @M |
H JE!E (1
. OEYHM H 23 @M E ¬
H [
A A=
J M @H | M30MJ HA (2
.j YC \H ½ F (3
A "J .H C F 9E #A8En
. E "F$H J .M C BM )A J H2 H A GH ©A H'E P23A H A AJERA E$A J M T\RA (4
J P A HhA H<AH A8 "F(A H<E P#A!E (5
. "Mc
.
Q HcM OÀ TJ h
H E EH | RA 3A H ERA E H A³C E H )H !E (6
. @A | A C nA MM"FF A H$A E9C U J2"H 'E (7
. VAHK E .A H H H H 8H
H H H.U (Q |Y]H E T\RAH (8
. ( "F`H ( P0K
H U F U j H AnE TA' | RA (9
H2³E ¦
·OJ (A TH A H @M C $A (J *E'E \HA TA ¨M [
H 'C !E "H M F M(H TA!EH (10
. TAF3 [
H M2
JH A HAªJ M2 E! T(H %HH 'E . 3EH H H ¦
H A | E!E H\!E A H H AR (11
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
.¦
H <AP)H
@A AH28 J A JEH "F<JH2 J M J i "M$(H ¬
H *FC TA' 1
E H H WA| "H M (12
TAYE F 0JE A "M\E ARH E .H C V
A CH
H H<A C M M .M UH M2H J A UIH M2H
.¬ 0A _ 6
Eb H
(A \ GE H C )H OA > ð Z
Q UDE <HM AH0LA 3P b A zd2i M UE M
(A , Y` %H O )P Ú A 0JH .P\A' E JVH< J >F jH "J )H (H nA
(A $ _ H . ON E> XE 9C H2 F PA>E zQ "\
M JH '
A 7EH x'È ð H H$J !E $C* C H3E d K J=[ P 3P `E! J F
A H4
A > X i "J FnE 0J K
H $A `H E P M E>E "H C M
A E H i
EdH H J-E .h
H .J h
H -E A 'E 0dLE A nJ"E | M
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
A EV
M C ("M. ARH ( H @M
M A6H H"9d< F EM J F H E J H H
4 ð 6 G3[9 0<9 G("> j
@ ( 764 ð"<> d 3Yd[ 23 l6[
: %*2 ð G3[9 _d! j R &\
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Lesson 74
The Dual
The word (3
Q H2) was originally (
Q 3J H2), (Q 'E) was (+Q"J 'F).
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(
A H<H'E).
The Plural
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
the plural is (j
Q PoH ). This tā is for (1\*).
The plural of (G H .
J H) is (j
Q H.H H). This tā is for
(G3) - the singular form. However, there
are a few words which do not have a sound
plural, e.g. (G !EH J RA), (G H`) etc. The plural of
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(G7
E B).
The (9A B) is a plural expressing an amount
not exceeding ten. It has only four scales which
are:
Example Scale
Q M `J !E M 'C !E
zQ 6
E C !E _ H'C !E
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.H C -A EJ 'A
YE -A (J !E EA 'C !E
Note 1: If (_
C E) is prefixed to (9A B) or it is
amount (G7
E ), it can refer to more than ten, e.g.
(
M MJ *EC ½ EH
M YF \J*EC @A JA <Hh
J H ') – In it (heaven) are
those things which the souls desire and which
please the eyes.
(
J F H iE J !E J"M A C !E) – Honour your children.
In these examples, the words (
M YF \J!E), (M MJ !E) and
(H i
E J !E) indicate an excess amount.
If the plural of a noun has only one scale, it may
indicate (9A ) or (G7
E ), e.g. the plural of ( )J (A ) is
only (
)M (J !E) and the plural of (Q Hª'F) is only (G 3H A'C !E).
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1. (
H 'F) is the plural of ( EJ 'F), e.g. ( 'EJ -F -^
Q H -F ),
( P F ± Q H F), (G(H "J K
M ± (Q "H K
M ).
2. ( H 'A) is the plural of ( EJ 'A), e.g. ( H DC A ± BQ DE A),
( |A ± EA ), ( |A ± EA ).
3. ( EH 'F) is the plural of the (Y $) that is
5. (F A H"'E) is the plural of ( H "J 'E) and ( H E'), e.g.
(Q H "J )
H ± M A H")H ), (Q HH ± M AH"H ). When the
scale of ( A E') is used for a feminine word,
its plural also comes on this scale ( F A H"'E),
e.g. (
A H ± F A H"H ), (Q AH ± M AH"H ).
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6. (
F #AH'E) is the plural of ( EJA 'E) and ( EH'A), e.g.
( 0HJ <A
E±Z M #AH<E ), ( EH$(A ± F #AH$(H ).
7. (
F A E'!E) is the plural of ( H 'C A) and ( EM 'C F), e.g.
(B
Q 0HK
J A BM AHK!E), ( E.M \J!F ± F A A\H!E). The plural of the
superlative (&Y< '!) also comes on this
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11. (
F JA EYH ) is the plural of (_ HYC A ), ( JA YC A ) and
(_
"J M YC H ), e.g. (l
Q H<YC A - ¨M JAEYH ), (Q J A
J A - M J A HH ),
(
Q "J <MC H ±Z
M JAEH ).
The Diminutive
(_sR# =J)
scale of (
JH 'F) or ( EJH 'F). This is called (,][< $)
or (P][
H >F $i) and the original word is referred
to as (Q 0P E M ), e.g. (Z Q JEF ) from the word (Z Q C E – dog),
( 0HJ E
F ) from ( 0HC E ), ( JE©F ) from (¸ ©A ), (Z Q J2"H M) from
(
Q H) which was originally (
Q "J H), (%S <H'F) from (%<'E)
and (PV H& E) from (%µV& E). The first noun is
(P][ H >F $i) and the second one is (P0E M ).
diminutive is (
AJH 'F), e.g. (
Q A J9E M ) from (
Q H 9C H ) and
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
(
Q AJ2"H M ) from (Q AH).
have a (G3
d H ), the same scale of ( AJH 'F) is used for
the (,][< $), e.g. (k
Q A JYE $M ) from ( )H J YE $H ). The
final alphabet has been elided.
If the word has a (+d3H ), the scale for the
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Noun Diminutive
m
Q !E %S H F
Q J !F PH F
Q !E %S H!F
yH En yH P2nE
Q JA %S HM
Q JA PHM
º J`H P2"H `M
J A |E P<H|E P2E |E %J <A|E
Word Meaning
3H K
H (J E (1) to keep ready, to observe
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Q JA {
M HJ!E white, sharp sword
j
Q H$A H( { H$A H(
fixed, immovable
p
H(H
(Q H<$J !E { Q <J$A curtain
GP $A !E { Q J2A $H
bed
(Q M $M
Q M $J !E { Q J $H
arrow
zQ H$A
m
Q (A HK one who cries or screams
c
H JA { k
Q H crown
H")H { HAH) pool, basin
zM (A H"K
H { zQ (A HK sharp sword
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p
M (A H"'E { p Q (A E'
horserider
H$J 'F
(Q J 3M F { (Q 3J A cooking pot, deg
(s) 3H [ H E
to intend, to adopt moderation
3H [
H <HC RA
part of the front of a house that
Z
M J2(A HVH {
Q HJ is attractive, recess in musjid
wall
Q P HM fresh, living in luxury
J F <AH
A C!E ^
M 6
E <AJ H s
A (J *ECH j
A HH. P aM C H @A AH28 J A H (1
.¬ H .A AHC U j
H2³E ¦
H AnE TA' | RA J F \AH"C!EH
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A H"c
H CE EY)A H E AeH.HH Z
H 2A(HVP A OHhH2 H @M E E "F.H J H2 (2
(M "Fh
P W
H A H0A J AEH C `M H M H _E 8 "F.H J j
H$A P( ( M3FH
.
HAJ !E GE IP A !E "FH )H H H M3 J EE (3
H 'C !E H2J E "FH H EnRA yH "F.M C | RA
. |nA !E
J 0AK
J H A E M.C A H @H \JH ^
A MJ .H CA J M !CH GE 6
E[P A A!E TP HM H2 (4
.(A "M*FC zA IJ H J A ¦
H AnE | RA ¦
H HHK!E H %EH
j
A H"K J *EC H E \E! | RA ¦H A"J K
H A J & M -C H ¦H Ah J H TA' 3J [ A C H
. ,A .A VH C jM "J [H E
'H -F A Pc
H C H MP#E" 0HME j A HVAP[ "F.A H H "MH 8 H 2A|H (5
.¬ H AA HC M )J !E H J \A HA' H 2A3AH (M H\J*EC H<AV
J H A WAc
J H
.j H 0AD| A j
A H0D| A E "M0D| H ¬ M H0D| (6
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Original
Diminutive Meaning
word
DE 9C \M ´J9E \M dot
¦
Q
J A ¦
Q J
H M musk
Q (J H 3Q 2(M rose
3S H 3Q J23H M cheek
BQ A iE BQ .A J2"H F shining
%V
b
M PV
Hb
M forenoon
@Q )J H @Q J)H M face
Q .H E Q J.H F moon
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%S 0AK
H %S 0HK
M child
Q "J M J H Z
Q A J2H M dreadful
3Q $H !E 3Q J$H !F lion
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Lesson 75
1) (_
E HH) – come. Like the (), it also has a
paradigm:
H JEHH HEHH TJ EH H "J EH H HEHH _E HH
e.g.
( i C E JH HHJH O "$ .H AE %EA "J E
A <HC E J EH2 C F
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2) (j
A H ) – give, bring. It also has a paradigm:
H JAH HAH TJ AH J"MH HAH j
A H
e.g.
(¬
H AK < RA H\ J M J"M C F) – Say, bring your
evidence if you are truthful.
(@J HAH<
A JON H C zM ON ) – Here, take my book of
deeds and read it. Sometimes the pronoun
of the second person (y
H ) is attached to it
and a paradigm is constructed as follows:
4) (
P FH ) – come, go, bring. This verb can either
be transitive, e.g. (HJ EA P F J A \A"JAA H JA#A9CH) –
Those who are saying to their brothers,
“Come to us,” or intransitive, e.g.
(
J F O H3H `M P FH ) – Bring your witnesses.
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5) (¦
H E
H JH ) – come, e.g.
(
A nE HH _E E ¦
H E
H JH
J EE) – She said, “Come
to me.” He replied, “I seek the refuge of
Allah.” The pronoun of the second person
(
D) changes according to the number of
listeners, e.g.
(
J F E
H JH ,.F
H ).
6) (¦
H JEH ) – choose, take, help yourself to, e.g.
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(a
A 'C A
¦
H JEH , aH 'C ¦H JEH ) – Choose gentleness;
(
H"9C <HA
J F JEH ) – Adopt the fear of Allah.
The feminine forms can also be constructed
from it.
8) (%
J H ¦
H JEA) – Keep away from me.
9) (EH ¦
H JEA) – take this.
10) (¦
H \HJ M ) – take, e.g. (H .J <P ¦
H \HJ M ) – take the
date.
11) (6
| H PH { %P H ) – hasten, advance, e.g.
(G 6
E[P %EH %P H ) – Hasten towards salāh.
12) (y
H 3H J2H (M { 3H J2H (M ) – wait, leave it.
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15) (@J K
H ) – be silent, keep quiet.
1) (j
H HJH ) – to be distant, e.g.
(
E J 3M H "J M .A j
H HJH j
H HJH ) – Distant (far-
fetched) is that which you are promised.
2) (
E P<`H ) – what a difference between, how
different they are, e.g. (A A AHC H JH E P<`H )
– What a difference is there between the
learned and the ignorant one.
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3) (
E HJ $H ) – hastened, e.g.
(zA "M.¼F n %EA Z
M Jh
P E HJ $H ) – Old age
hastened to the ones with worry.
I was pleased j
M (J A $M "' P $M
to be happy
to meet you. ¦
H #AE9A (Q J M
J H
The one who
J A |
H A M to be "H M 'E
H A M
disbelieved
was puzzled. H YE E puzzled j
Q "J M 0JH
He is %S h
A ]J H "H M 'E to be %H hA -F
unconscious. @A »EH unconscious @A JEH
Rashīd liked
Z
H c
A J F to like Z
H c
A J F
the speech of
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publishing of M F 6
E 'F
this book.
6F'
The verb (
E=H PA) can be read as (E =
A H) as well, e.g.
(9J23
AKH ¦
H MC =
A H) – I made you a friend.
person (_
F H!E) is most often used as (_F HRA), e.g.
(3J A H ¦
H AnE _F HRA iE H ).
Word Meaning
zQ H<AJA (7) to smile
O· H&-C A %J &
A ]J M2 %µ&-C !E (1) to overlook
3M )A H!E { 3M c
H J !E more glorious
"J H l
M "J 0MH2 l
H H to reveal, to disclose
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"J F0JH2 6
E H to test, to try
+QH potency
H(H l
M J M H2 l
H H( to arrive in the evening, to
leave
Q H3$A { 3Q J23A $H relevant, correct
F $A 6
E $H { E
A C $A chain
x
H P `H to go east, to go
() Z
P K
H to pour
(^) ¨H YE K
H to pardon, to forgive
(p s) P b
H to be miserly
H P -E to go west, to go away
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¸ -F iron collar
3Q A H) denier
½ V
M H2 | H to untie, to unravel
Q J H war
x
Q6
E H share (of positive qualities, of
religion)
G (P M parrot
Q E(M sleep
(s ) ¦
H <H'E to attack suddenly, to
assasinate
( s) k
H H 'E to dispel worries, grief
HJ F
Q J E worry, sorry, grief, distress
G (H "P [
H M picture
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(A C M C H"H CE excusable love, legal desire
A ]H M x
hM ¬ E d<`H ]H M j
M $ E h
H M j($ (1)
+("A) ¬ E P<`H @M P(H (H) TJ #3! j
M (J ) (2)
("A)
TJ .A AM " +M 6C!E C !E j
H HJH (3)
@\o
M J H P 4
F Z2 | RA
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TA\H)H @
H M2 .A P &
H H iE C !E
d (A C M H"¼E ¦
H <MCE$H (4)
:]> ð 723 :PK
H JE @
H &H WA3)J H ' (5)
WÇ E "\' (M M MC =
A H "AR (6)
WHª'F ð E "\' 3A$ 6J0\H FAR (7)
' ÅA .A A _"9 \3 %H (8)
TA<J'E W3JE (A H (A H
%A0JM F J Y ¦
Q V
A&
J M
C "E9' zQ <J %A M J(M ]J H2 6' (9)
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HH d eF \o Z
P 4
F H <HE
( x"h L ð H3-E
p
A %ERA \JRA p H X! 2
%J $A O· H&-C R p H 7EC !E
Q YE <H]J M F yH3
M J
A \H
p
A _F d !E p
\ _F d *E' J YA -C '
In these verses, (l
H H) has been read as (HH),
(l
H H() as (HH() and (p
A ) as (p
A d) in order that
these words rhyme.
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particles (
J M ), (J F ) and (J <M\JE). They are read as
(
M M ), (M F ) and (M <M\JE), e.g.
M <\! 3A % J zQ 6$
M <MJ=
M 'E W
J "M J \! M 3 z!
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Arabic Tutor – Volume Four
read as (
| "H E'E) and (i RAH ) is read as (i|ñ H ).
(6) It is also permitted in Arabic poetry at the time
of necessity to divide the final word of the first
stanza into two parts. The first part remains in the
first stanza, while the second part of the word
forms the beginning of the second stanza, e.g.
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The End.
Page 528