yekau

01- kh^ kfhd&

kh hkq YslaIKhhs tk ixjrhhs uq,a ld,fha nqoaO Ydikh ;=< kh hkafkka w:j;a
lf<a NslaIq ix>hd i;= h hq;= Wla; ixjrhu kd YslaIdmo fkdf kuq;a j;udkfhaos
kh hkak YslaIdmo i|ydo Wmpdrfhka fhdok nj olakg ,ef tmuKlska fkdkej;S
YslaIdmo ix.Dys; .%k:
a hka mjd kh kka ykajhs

02- Ouh^Ofud&
Ou Yoh Od:j;ah tfukau fuhg mrshdh jYfhka O jQ jpk yd jHjydro Nd;
jQ nj meyeos,shta ms<sn| uiSu miqjg ;nd"nq rcdKka jykafia iska foaYs; ish iQ;%
we;=<;a iQ;% msglh fuysoS Ou jYfhka ykajuq

m%ia;=; ldrKh jk kfhys Ouuh moku ms<sn| uiSug m<uqj Ouh iy kh

hkqfjka ykajkafka l=ulaoehs b;du yqka by; oelajf
Q h tlS Ouh;a kh;a w;r
we;af;a lsk ine|shdjlao hkak my; ia;r lr
kh;a Ouh;a w;r we;af;a m%N, neuls fuu hq. moh fndfyda g tlaj fhfok
wdldrh fmf<ys olakg ,ef
OuOrd khOrd ud;slOrd
uhd Ofud p kfhd p foaif
s ;d m[[;af;d
fufia Ou kh jYfhka mo folla Nd; jqjo tlsfklg wod< foaYkd fjkafldg olajd
fkd;snqKs tk Ouh;a kh;a tlaj mej;s njhfuh fjkaj ix.Dys; jkakg jQfha m<uq
Ou ix.dhkdfjka miqjhtysoS Ouh jYfhka ksldh mi;a kh jYfhka WNf;da
N.h;a ix.dhkd lrk,oS ta wkqj uq,a ld,fhaoS kh Ofuda.;j mej;s nj b;d
meyeos,sh

khg m%uqL;ajhla foka f:arjdoS im%odh je.sho kfhys Ouuh moku

ms<sn| ie<lsh hq;= wkaoka uiqug nka jQ njla fkdfmfkhs1 flfia fj;;a kh iy iQ;%
msgl wOHhkfhaoS kh Ouh ;=<k
s a m%Nj jQ whqre fudkjg meyeos,s lr.; yelsh

fn!oaO kh wOHhkh"fldgmsfha rdyq, ys^m%Odk ixialdrl&" uydpdh wix. ;s,lr;akhkaf.a

,smsh"66-87 msgq

kfhys Ouuh moku ms<sn| wOHhkhla

mgqk

1-ye|skau
2-mgqk
3- nqiiqfka uq,a is ji
4-wdKdmd;sfudlaL
5- kh YslI
a dmo j,ska m%lg jk Ouuh moku
6-idrdxYh
7-wdY%s; .%ka:

kfhys Ouuh moku ms<sn| wOHhkhla

kfhys Ouuh moku ms<sn| islrk fuu uiSfoS nq iiqfka
flfrys wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h

uq,a is ji

nq iiqfka uq,a is ji
YslaId mo mekulska f;drj tk kh kS;s mekulska f;drj wdrNl wjh
;=< iiqka jka msrsia ksjka wjfndaO l< nj wmg oel.; yelsh ukaoh;a Tjqkaf.a
mrud:h;a meoafoa mrud:h;a tllau jQ fyhsks ta wkqj fn!oaO m%jDcHdf mrud:h
lrdu ish cS;h fufyh k meoaod i|yd jHjia:duh kS;s moaO;shla wjYH fkdjkq
we;fuh je rg;a meyeos,s lrkafka k "
fn!oaO meoafoa uQ,sl wruqK jkafka ksjdkdjfndaOhhs ta i|yd jk m%;smod u.
jkafka iS,"iud"m% hk ;s%O YslaIdjhs tys yslah yels k thu khhs 150 la muK
jk YslaIdmohkays ;udg yslah fkdyels nj mjik tla;rd NslaIqjlf.ka nq rka
uikafka ;s%O YslaIdfjys yslaug yelso hkakhs
;siafid bud NslaLf islaLd h;af:;x inx ifudOdkx .P;s
l;fud ;siafid" wiS, islaLd" w ;a; islaLd" w m[ islaLd
bud fLd NslaLfj ;siafid islaLd h;af:;x inx ifudOdkx .P;s2
ish YslaIdjka ifudOdkh jkakd jQ iS," iud" m[ hk ;%sYslaIdfjys yslauu
khdkql+, meje;au jk nj bka m%ldYs;h fuysoS ;%sYslaIdj Ouh f,i;a YslaId mo kh
f,i;a .;a l, nq rcdKka jykafia wjOdrKh lrkqfha YslaId mohkaf.ka w:j;a jkakd jQ
wdh Ndjh kd YslaId mo ixLHdj wkqj yslaula fkdf YslaId mohkaf.ka hqla;
uq,ald,fhaoS iiqka jka Y%djlhdo iajlSh wdhNdjh m%ldY lf<a ;%sYslaIdfjys YslaIKh
fjks

wdKdm%d;sfudalI
a h
wdrNfhaoS nqrcdKka jykafia Oudjjdofhka muKla Y%djlhka yslaujQ nj ikd: flfrk
idOl jYfhka fmkajd osh yels wjia:d fndfyduhla fmf<ys i|yka fjhs uu ksldh
"llpQmu iQ;%fha oS NslaIqKSka yd muK blaujd weiqre l< fuda,sh M.a.=k k NslaIqjl
2

Anguttara Nikaya 1,PTS

wrNhd foaYkd lrkqfha iiqk kh YslaIdjkaf.ka f;dr wjfha ix>hd ukdj yeiqreKq
njhs

"uyfKks tla ld,hl *m1:u fndOs ld,fhys( NsCIqyq taldka;fhka udf.a is; i;2gq l<dyqh'
uyfKks tl,ays NsCIqka weu;2fhus' *wu;d( uyfKks uu jkdys tla fjsf,a j,Zok wdydrh j<Zous'
uyfKks tla fjsf,a j<Zokd fNdckh j<Zokafka ksfrd.s njo Wmo1j rys;j YrSrhdf.a ieye,a,q
mej;2us we;s njo ldh n,ho iem jsyrKho jsosus' uyfKks tjs f;dms;a tla fjsf,a j<Zojs'
"uyfKks tla fjsf,a j<Zok f;mso w,amdndO we;s njo ksfrd. njo YrSrhdf.a ieye,a,q njo YrSr
n,ho iem jsyrKho jsZoskakyqhhs lSfhus'
"uyfKks tl, NsCIqkayg ud jsiska wkqYdikdjla l<hq;2 fkdjSh' uyfKks ta NsCIqkayg ud jsiska
isys bmojSu muKla m1udKj;a jsh'3

fuysoS nq rcdKka jykafia jerg;a fmkajd fokafka

wYajdpdhfhla ju;ska

/yek f.k ol=K;ska flg f.k wiqka yiqrejkakdla fuka ta NslaIQka flfrys wkqYdikdjla
wkjYH jQ njhs wmf.a m%ia;=; lreK yd i,ld n,k l,ays meoafoa uQ,sl mrud:h jk
ksjk ms<sn| wjOdkh neyer jk ;ek phdj ms<sn| .eg u;=jk nj tk NslaIqj
Oudkql+, fkdjk l, khdkql+, meje;aulao Tyqf.ka wfmad l< fkdyels njhs
Ydikh wdrNl wjfha fuka Y%djlhka iir lska ksoyia uu iajlSh mrud:h
fldg .;af;a k yslau i|yd fjkuu kS;s ;s ud,djla wjYH fkdjkakg ;sKs kuq;a"tlS
uQ,sl mrud:h flfrka ix>hd neyer jk l,ays Ou mrud: idOkh msKsi;a "Ydikh
rd;ald,hla mj;sk f,i;a kh kS;s meKf wjYH;dj u;=jkakg we;
jrla idrsmq;a; yshka lsk nqkaf.a iiqkla os.= l,la mej;sfhaoehs nqka pd< l,
ll=i| "fldakd.u "ldYHm hk nqjrekaf.a iiqka tfia mej;s nj;a thg m%;H jQ oE w;r
mdfudla WfoiSu;a " Ysdmo meKu;a i|yka f tysoS idrsmq;a; yshka Ysdmo mKjk
f,i whosk g " ld,hdf.a wejEfuka YslaId mo mKjk nj;a" Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiau thg
l,a okakd nj;a kh msglfha mdrdldmdfha fjr[cldKavfha i|yka f tys i|yka jk

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fmr nq iiqka ms<sn| lreK;a "YslaIdmo meKug miq jk lreKq;a kfhys Ouuh
moku hk m%ia;=;h yd Rcqju hd fldg idlPd l< yelsh
YslaIdmo fkdmeKu ksid Ydikh fl l,lska w;=reoka jQjd hkq Ouh w;=reoka
jQjd hkakuh fkdtfiak Ouh okakd lsisfjla fkdue;s njhs
tfukau "nq rcdKkajykafia Ydikh ;=< kh Ysd meKug l,a t<e we;s nj
fmkajdfokqfha u;= olajk iQ;% mdGfha i|yka ldrKd m%lg jk l,aysuh

huz ;ekl isg ix>hd jia .Kkska uy;a njg meusKsfhao"

huz ;ekl isg ix>hd msrsia jYfhka uy;a njg meusKsfhao"
huz ;ekl isg ix>hd ,dNfhka uy;a njg meusKsfhao"
huz ;ekl isg ix>hd W.;a luska uy;a njg meusKsfhao"
tl, fuaz f,dalfhys flf<iqkag fya;2 lreKq ix>hd flfrys my<fj;a' tl, Ydi;Dka jykafia
Y1djlhkag YsCIdmo mKjkfial' ta flf<iqkag fya;2 Ou! keiSu msKsi m1d;sfudCIh foaYkd
lrkfial 4
YslaIdmo meKug m%;H jQ lreKq ykajkafka wdijGdkSh Ou f,ih tk
flf<ia jvk Ouh ksjdk.d ud.fha .uka lrk u. wjqrkafka hulao ta flf<iqku
a h
th tfia jk l, YslaIdmo mKjd we;af;a Wla; flf<iqkaf.a ixis|Su msKsiu nj jdo
rys;j ms<s.; hq;a;ls fuu lreK u.sko
a m%lg jkafka kh YslaIdmo mKjd we;af;a
Ouuh moku u; jk njhs

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fhau tk wfkla nq jokla weiqrskao fuu lreK jv jvd;a iM: l< yelsh
Ydrsmq;1h" ;ju Y1djlhkag YsCIdmo fkd mKjhs'mdfudla fkd Wfoihs' huz;dla fuys flf<ia we;sjk we;uz
ldrKfhda ix>hd flfrys my< fkdfj;ao ta;dlah' Ydrsmq;1h" ix>hd flfrys flf<iaj,g fya;2 Ou!hka
my,fj;ao ta flf<iqkag fya;2 Ou! keiSug tl, Ydi;Dka jykafia Y1djlhkag YsCIdmo mKjhs' m1d;sfudCIh
foaYkd lrhs' YdrSmq;1h" fuZz;dla f,dalfhys jQ we;uz laf,Y Ou! flfkla ix>hd flfrys my< fkdfj;a
'
.
ix> f;fuz YaYS,hkaf.ka f;drh' Wjrej,ska f;drh' jsm;ska neyerh' myjQ YaYS,hka we;af;ah' msrsish' yr
.2KOu!j,ska hqla;h' Ydrsmq;1h" fuz NsCIQKa mkaishh w;rska hfula nd,o fyf;u fidajdkah' wmdfhys fkd jefgk
iajNdj we;af;ah' ksjkg kshuh' wjfndaOh' fY1aIaG msysg fldg we;af;ah'"5
nq rcdKka jykafia YslaIdmo meKjQfha iajlSh wkq.dl msrsi ;ud hgf;a ;nd .kska Tjqkj
a
md,kh lsrSugj;a kS;suh rduqjla ;=< isrlr ;eugj;a fkdf uqla;sh msKsiuh Wla; mdGhg wkqj
ix>hd is,aj;ah"tk YslaIdldh tfyhska wuq;=fjka YslaIdmo meKf wjYH;djla fkdue;s nj
wjOdrKh lr we; YslaIdmo meKf wjYH;dj u;= jkafka ix>hd YaYS, gh iS,h uqla;s
ud.fha m<uq mshjrh ienkau th jkdys OudkqOu m%;smodf werUquhs
tfukau kh YslaId mo meKfuys,d ie,ls,a,g .kakd ,o lreKq oyhla mdrdcsld md,sfhys
ia;r fjhs tlS lreKq w;rska osGOl yd imrdhsl wdY%jhkaf.a ixjrh yd kdYh ms<sn| jQ
lreKq oa;ajh ;=<sko
a kfhys Ouuh me;slv wjOdrKh lrhs
f wdldrhg kh YslaId mo foaYkdjg miq jQ ldrKdjkaf.ka m%lg jkafka Ouh;a
kh u;a idfmalaIl njh fuysoS kh hkak YslaId mo w:fhka fkd.; hq;=h th jQ l,S
O ud.fha tk ldh jd.a ixjrh fyj;a iS,hhs mQfjdala; lreKq ldrKd wkqj nq iufha
uq,a is ji ;=< kh Ofuda.;j meje;s nj meyeos,sh

kh YslaIdmo j,ska m%lg jk Ouuh moku

YslaIdmo w:j;a jkafka Oufhys mrud: Ifhysh meoaodf.a wjika ;
mrud:h ksjdKhhs tlS mrud: idOkh Wfoid fyf;u iajlSh ldhsl jdpisl udkisl
phdjka yev.id.; hq;=h YslaIdmo jkdyS tlS yev.eiSu jvd wjOdrKh lrjkakls

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kEu kh YslaIdmohla f.k nejo th wvq je jYfhka fuu mrud:h yd tl`. jkq
olakg ,ef6
nqrcdKkajykafia YslaIdmo meKjQfha meoaokagh tk nqkaf.a Ouh ms<sf.k
iir la fl<jr lrkq msKsi oy u`.g ms<smkakjqka i|ydu muKs hfyhlska Tjqka tlS
YslaId mo blaujd lghq;= lrhso fyf;u meoafoka mrdchg jkafka fyda wdh;s ixjrfhys
msysgqu Wfoid ksosIaG oKav luhlg n`ka jkafka fyda fjhs .sysfhl= iska tlS kh
YslaIdmo lvlsrSula fyda ;;a kS;sh u.ska o`vqj ,eula hkq lsislf,l;a fkdjkakls
kh YslaIdmo flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrk g m%Odk;u wdm;a;sil
a kaOh jkafka
mdrdl i;rhs tk"
1- ffu:qk Ouu
2- ukqii .a.y
3- wo;a;dodk
4- W;a;r ukqii Ouu iuqodprK
hkqfjks
fuhska h wdm;a;shlg meKqfka meoafoka mrdch jQfha fjhs flfiaoh;a"

ysi l|ska

fjka jQfjl= fuks7 fuys m%:u mdrdldj ffu:qkh fyj;a fujqko

a fiuhss kfhys
Ouuh moku f ;=<k
s a uiSu jvd id:l hehs yef`.a meoaod hkq iir lska fokq
jia Y%oaOdfjka .sys f.h w;er nUir yeisfrkakduh fyf;u m%;smodjg wkqj iir flys
uq,a iqka l< hq;=h p;=rdh i;Hfhka fy<sjk mrsos lg uq, ;DIaKdjhs ;DIaKdj ldu"
Nj" Nj jYfhka ;%sOh tk m[ap ldu jia;+ka flfrys jQ fkdks wYdf wfkalO
iajrEmhka f

fn!oaO kh wOHhkh"fldgmsfha rdyq, ys^m%Odk ixialdrl&" uydpdh wix. ;s,lr;akhkaf.a

77 msgj
q

kfhys Ouuh moku ms<sn| wOHhkhla ,smsh"

fihH:dms kdu mqrsfid iSikafkd wNfnd f;k irSr nkaOfk ;=x" .,

,, nqoaO chka;s ;%smsgl.

m[ap ldu jia;+ka w;r ksid oe f,i nef|kqfha ia;%S-mqreI ifNda.fhysh th

fl;ro h;a"

3' bF:srEm mrshdodk iQ;1h'

))uyfKks" huzfia ia;1S rEmh mqreIhdf.a is; yd;amiska uevf.k isgSo" uyfKks" tnjQ wksla tlu
rEmhl2 uu fkdu olsus' uyfKks" ia;1S rEmh mqreIhdf.a is; yd;amiska w,ajdf.K isgS'))
4' bF:sioao mrshdodk iQ;1h'
))uyfKks" huzfia ia;1shf.a Ynzoh mqreIhdf.a is; yd;amiska uevf.k isgSo" uyfKks" tfiajQ wksla
tlu Ynzohl2 uu fkdu olsus' uyfKks" ia;1shf.a Ynzoh mqreIhdf.a is; yd;amiska w,ajdf.K isgS'))
5' bF:s.kaO mrshdodk iQ;1h'
))uyfKks" huzfia ia;1shf.a .kaOh mqreIhdf.a is; yd;amiska uevf.k isgSo" uyfKks" tfiajQ wksla
tlu .kaOhl2 uu fkdu olsus' uyfKks" ia;1S .kaOh mqreIhdf.a is; yd;amiska w,ajdf.K isgS'))
6' bF:sri mrshdodk iQ;1h'
))uyfKks" huzfia ia;1shf.a rih mqreIhdf.a is; yd;amiska uevf.k isgSo" uyfKks" tfiajQ wksla
tlu rihl2 uu fkdu olsus' uyfKks" ia;1S rih mqreIhdf.a is; yd;amiska w,ajdf.K isgS'))
7' bF:sfmdgzGnzn mrshdodk iQ;1h'
))uyfKks" huzfia ia;1shf.a iamY!h mqreIhdf.a is; yd;amiska uevf.k isgSo" uyfKks" tfiajQ wksla
tlu iamY!hl2 uu fkdu olsus' uyfKks" ia;1shf.a iamY!h mqreIhdf.a is; yd;amiska w,ajdf.K
isgS'))
8' mqreI rEm mrshdodk iQ;1h'
))uyfKks" huzfia mqreIhdf.aa rEmh ia;1shf.aa is; yd;amiska uevf.k isgSo" uyfKks" tfiajQ wksla
tlu rEmhl2 uu fkdu olsus' uyfKks" mqreI rEmh ia;1shf.a is; yd;amiska w,ajdf.K isgS'))
9' mqrsiioao mrshdodk iQ;1h'
))uyfKks" huzfia mqreIhdf.aa yZv ia;1shf.aa is; yd;amiska uevf.k isgSo" uyfKks" tfiajQ wksla tlu
Ynzohl2 uu fkdu olsus' uyfKks" mqreI Ynzoh ia;1shf.a is; yd;amiska w,ajdf.K isgS'))
0' mqrsi.kaO mrshdodk iQ;1h'
))uyfKks" huzfia mqreIhdf.aa .kaOh ia;1shf.aa is; yd;amiska uevf.k isgSo" uyfKks" tfiajQ wksla
tlu .l2 uu fkdu olsus' uyfKks" mqreI .kaOh ia;1shf.a is; yd;amiska w,ajdf.K isgS'))
-' mqrsi ri mrshdodk iQ;1h'
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fufia ia;S% weiqr mqreIhdg;a mqreI weiqr ia;%shg;a jYfhka wka ish nkaOkhka blaujd
hk l, tlS ffu:qkh ;r ksjka u.g ndOd f.k fok ;j;a lreKla fkdue;s nj
meyeos,sh th m%:u mdrdldj njg m;au iq.uh hfula ffu:qk mdrdldjg m;a jkafka
fyf;u nqka iska ukd fldg foaYkd lrk ,o "fkdfhla wdldrfhka foaYkd lrk ,o
fkdwe,Sug rd. iys; fkdug" fjka ug" tla fkdug " ne ,sykag" oe fldg
fkd.ekaug foaYkd lrk ,o Ou kh rd. iys; nj msKsi " tla u msKsi ".ekSu msKsi
fhdod .;af;a fjhs
iqoskak NslaIqjg ffu:Qkh fl;r wl=i,hla foehs hkak meyeos,s lrka"
mqreIh" ;d iska oreKq I we;s imfhl=f.aa lfgys mqreI ,sXz.h ouk ,oafoa kz
hym;' ia;%shlf.a i;%S ks;af;ys mqreI ,sXz.h

fkd ouk ,oafoa kz hym;' ysia

mqreIh" ;d iska l imfhl=f.aa lfgys mqreI ,sXz.h ouk ,oafoa k hym;'

ia;%shlf.a i;%S ks;af;ys mqreI ,sXz.h
fjk .sks is we;s

fkd ouk ,oafoa kz hym;' .sks .;a oe,a

w.=re jf,lays mqreI ,sX.h ouk ,oafoa kz hym; '

ia;%shlf.a i;%S ks;af;ys mqreI ,sXz.h

fkd ouk ,oafoa kz hym;' Bg fya;= ljfo@

ysia mqreIh" uq,ska lS lrefKka ( ta fya;=fjka urKhg fyda mefKkafkah' urKh

yd iudk llg mefkkafkah' ta fya;= fldg f.k YrSrhdf.a |Sfuka urKska u;= iem
ke;s" kmqre .;s we;s " kmqre jeuz we;s krlfhys kQmoskf
a kah' ysia mqreIh fojkqj
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" kmqre jeuz we;s krlfhys Wmoskafkh' 9
nqyq fuu i;amqreI Ouhla fkdjk .%duH iajNdjhla jQ" kSp iajNdjhla jQ kmqre
jQ my;a iajNdhlajQ ryis.; jQ fofofkla w;r we;s iujeoSulg hfula meKsfhao"

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10

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fkd meyekjqkf
a .a meyeoSu msKsi meyekjqkaf.a jeu msKsi fkdj fkd meyekjqkf
a .a
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NsCIqjla ffu:qk Oufhys fhfokafkao Tyq iiafkka merfok nj;a wdY%hg iqiq fkdjk
nj;a " Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia iska fmkajdfok fial
ffu:qk fiajkfhka la<sIag njg meKs tu mqoa.,hd ;u jro i`.jka meoafol=
fuka os.ska os.gu fmkS iska i`. i;= ";udg kqi
q iq m%;H ms<s.kska fidrlu fyj;a
fojk mdrdlhgo ysl lshhsth jOkh jQ l, f,daljoH wl=I,hls tfyhska rdc
oKavkhg mjd lf,loS ,lah yelsh W;a;r ukqii
a Ou m%ldYh ;=<ska lS;s m%Yxid
"m%;H yd fkdfhl=;a ,dN m%fhdack f.k m%ydKh l< hq;= ;Kaydj jvd jOkh lr .kS
iir l ksu lrk woyiska iiqka jka mqoa.,hd fujka wka;rdhkaf.ka uqojd .ekSu
kfha wruqK nj lsj hq;=h
kh YslaId mohkays ffkhdksl iajNdjh mQfjdala; ldrKdjkaf.ka ukdj iaMqg
jk w;r thg wu;rj wfkla ljr YslaIdmohla jqjo wvq je jYfhka fuu mokfuys
msysgd ;sfnk nj lsj hq;=h

11

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mqfjdyx NslaLfj t;rysp laL[afpj m[[fm laLiaip ksfrdOx 10
;uka jykafia ieul,aysu foaYkd lrkqfha laL iuqoh yd ksfrdaOh muKla nj
nqrcdKka jykafia jod< fial
Wla; i;H ;ud ;=<k
s a olskq jia Y%oaOdfjka .sysf.h w;er meos jQ msrsi ix> iudch ktk
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tfukau iiqfkys w:imkakNdjh m%lg jkafka Ouh ;=<k
s s nqrcdKka jykafia YslaIdmo meKjQfha
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Alagaddupama sutta,Majjhima Nikaya,BJT

12

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1-Alagaddupama sutta,Majjhima Nikaya,BJT

2- ,,1.

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4- , ,3 ,nqoaO chka;s ;s%msgl
5-fn!oaO kh wOHhkh"fldgmsfha rdyq, ys^m%Odk ixialdrl&" uydpdh wix. ;s,lr;akhkaf.a
kfhys Ouuh moku ms<sn| wOHhkhla ,smh
s "
66-87 msgq

13