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Special Steels Engineer Steel.
Special Steels Engineer Steel.
Typical Analysis:
C 0.40%
Mn 0.6/0.9%
Si 0.35% max.
Colour Code: Yellow Characteristics: AISI 1040/45 is a medium carbon medium tensile steel with improved strength over mild steel. Supplied
in black or cold drawn condition it is easily machineable and is generally used in the as supplied condition. It can be readily flame or induction hardened to approximately 58 Rockwell C.
Applications: All general engineering applications requiring a higher strength than mild steel such as shafts, axles, bolts, etc. Size Range:
Rounds (cold drawn) Imperial (inches)
1/4 7/16 5/8 5/16 9/16 3/4 3/8 1/2 7/8
Rounds (Black) Metric (mm) 40 70 105 150 200 250 310 420 45 75 110 160 210 260 320 50 80 120 170 220 280 340 60 90 130 180 230 290 370 65 100 140 190 240 300 400
1 3/8 2 3
Before ordering black material, note comments on machining allowances (Refer to page 28). For tolerances refer to pages 97-102.
Tempering Diagram:
TS1 N/mm2 103 1600 90 1400 78 1200 65 1000 52 39 26 13 0 800 Test specimen 14mm O quenched in oil from 860OC kp/mm2 Hardness, Brinell 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
Tempering Diagram:
TS1 N/mm2 103 1600 50 40 30 20 10 0 90 1400 78 1200 65 1000 52 39 26 13 0 800 Test specimen 50mm O quenched in oil from 860OC kp/mm2 Hardness, Brinell 500 400 300 200 100 0 160 140 120 100 200 300 400 500 600 Tempering Temperature in OC 80 60 40 20 0
% 80
% 80
50 40 30 20 10 0
Typical Analysis:
Characteristics: AISI 4140 quality is supplied in the heat treated condition with an ultimate tensile strength in the range
850-1000MPa, although with further heat treatment tensile strengths of 1150MPa can be obtained on sections up to 100mm (4). In the as supplied, heat treated condition this grade is used for a wide range of shafting and high tensile applications, it possesses excellent toughness and is readily machineable. 4140 grade can also be nitrided to approximately 60 Rockwell C surface hardness or alternatively flame or induction hardened to approximately 58HRC surface hardness.
Applications: Medium to heavy duty shafts, gears, axles, rods, spindles, crow bars, nuts, etc. Size Range:
Rounds (cold drawn) Metric (mm)
10 65 12 70 16 75 20 80 25 90 30 100 35 40 45 50 60
See over page for Hexagon and imperial sizes and ranges.
1 AF
1 1/8 AF
1 1/4 AF
1 1/2 AF
1 3/4 AF
2 AF
1 4
1 1/8
1 1/4
1 1/2
3/4
1/4
1/2
1 3
1 1/8 3 1/2
1 1/4 4
1 1/2
1 3/4
1 3/8
2 1/4
2 1/2
Heat Treatment Procedures: Although AISI 4140 is supplied in the already heat treated condition at a tensile strength of 850-1000MPa, there will inevitably be certain applications where a higher strength is required or where a higher surface hardness is needed to withstand abrasion. The following recommendations are intended as a guide to further thermal treatments. Note: Before any further through hardening treatments are carried out the material should first be annealed.
Thermal Process:
Annealing Normalising Hardening Tempering Flame/Induction Hardening 850-880OC 850-880OC 850-880OC 200-650OC 870-900OC
Cool slowly in furnace at not more than 65OC/hr. Air cool. Holding time in furnace should be 10mins/cm of ruling section followed by oil or water quenching. Temperature depends on required hardness (see tempering diagrams). Tempering should be carried out immediately after quenching. The tempering time being at least 1 hour per 25mm of section. Heating should be rapid in order to localise the heating effect to the surface of the bar. Quench immediately into oil or water. Temper immediately at 150-200OC for maximum surface hardness obtainable 54-60 HRC.
Tempering Diagram:
TS1 N/mm2 130 2000 115 1800 103 1600 90 1400 78 1200 65 1000 52 39 26 13 0 800 600 400 200 0 Test specimen 35mm O quenched in oil from 860OC 200 180 kp/mm2 160 140 120 100 200 300 400 500 600 Tempering Temperature in OC 80 60 40 20 0 100 80 60 40 20 0
Tempering Diagram:
TS1 N/mm2 Test specimen 100mm O quenched in oil from 860OC 130 2000 200 115 1800 103 1600 90 1400 78 1200 65 1000 52 39 26 13 0 800 600 400 200 0 180 kp/mm2 100 80 60 40 20 0 160 140 120 100 200 300 400 500 600 Tempering Temperature in OC 80 60 40 20 0
% 80 60 40 20 0 100 700
% 80 60 40 20 0 100 700
Colour Code: Black Characteristics: AISI 4340 is supplied in the heat treated condition with a tensile strength in the range 950-1100MPa.
This grade has a high hardenability enabling it to be used for high tensile applications in large sections. AISI 4340 can be flame or induction hardened to produce a surface hardness of approximately 58 HRC.
Applications: High strength machine parts, collets, spindles, high tensile bolts and studs, gears, pinions, axle shafts, tappets, crankshafts, connecting rods, arbors, etc. Centreless Ground can be used where tight tolerances, e.g. bearing fits, are required whilst at the same time having the high tensile strength. Size Range:
Rounds (black) Metric (mm)
25 75 160 30 80 180 35 90 200 40 100 210 45 105 220 50 110 250 55 120 280 60 130 300 65 140 320 70 150
Before ordering black material please note comments on machining allowances. (Refer page 28.)
Remarks:
Cool slowly in furnace at not more than 65OC/hr. Air cool. Holding time in furnace should be 10mins/cm of ruling section followed by oil quenching. Temperature depends on required hardness (see tempering diagrams). Tempering should be carried out immediately after quenching. The tempering time being at least 1 hour per 25mm of section. Heating should be rapid in order to localise the heating effect to the surface of the bar. Quench immediately into oil. Temper immediately at 150-200OC. Surface hardness obtainable 56-60 HRC.
200-650OC 850-880OC
Tempering Diagram:
TS1 N/mm2 Test specimen 35mm O quenched in oil from 860OC 130 2000 200 115 1800 103 1600 90 1400 78 1200 65 1000 52 39 26 13 0 800 600 400 200 0 180 kp/mm2 160 140 120 100 200 300 400 500 600 Tempering Temperature in OC 80 60 40 20 0 100 80 60 40 20 0
Tempering Diagram:
TS1 N/mm2 Test specimen 100mm O quenched in oil from 860OC 130 2000 200 115 1800 103 1600 90 1400 78 1200 65 1000 52 39 26 13 0 800 600 400 200 0 180 kp/mm2 100 80 60 40 20 0 160 140 120 100 200 300 400 500 600 Tempering Temperature in OC 80 60 40 20 0
% 80 60 40 20 0 100 700
% 80 60 40 20 0 100 700
Typical Analysis:
C 0.40%
Mn 1.5%
Cr 1.9%
Mo 0.2%
Ni (2738) 1.0%
Characteristics: Although predominantly used in tooling applications in the plastic mould industry, these steels are also
suited for use in applications where a high tensile strength is the prime requirement. These steels are supplied in the hardened and tempered condition with a tensile strength of 950-1100MPa. Further heat-treatment can produce tensile strength of 1400MPa in sections up to 100mm (4) and 1200MPa in sections as large as 200mm (8). In the as-supplied heat-treated condition this grade possesses excellent toughness and endurance strength and is therefore also ideally suited for high tensile applications such as heavy duty shafts, gears, axles, etc. It may be nitrided to produce a surface hardness of 60 Rockwell C and flame or induction hardened to 58 Rockwell C.
Applications: High tensile applications such as heavy duty shafts, gears, axles, etc. Size Range:
Rounds - Metric (mm)
16 140 25 355 32 443 45 50 65 80 90 100 110
Flats (mm)
25 35 45 50 70 75 80 100 130 150 200
We can cross cut to your specific requirements. 2311 is also available in a free machining grade, 2312 (P20+S) which is available in a range of flats.
Colour Code: Grey/Purple Characteristics: DIN 2767 is supplied in the annealed condition, but is capable of being hardened to a tensile strength
in excess of 1500MPa and is therefore ideal for applications where ultra high tensile strengths are required. The chemical make-up of this steel enables it to be air hardened or vacuum hardened with a minimum of distortion. DIN 2767 also displays excellent polishability and high toughness and can be successfully carburised.
Applications: After heat treatment this grade is used for applications involving high tensile strengths in conjunction with extremely good toughness used where the strength of 4340 is not sufficient, such as shafts, axles, gears, etc. Can also be used for gears requiring shock resistance. Size Range:
Rounds - Metric (mm)
16 20.5 25 30 35.8 40 45.8 50 75 100 111.5
Flats (mm)
20 25 40 50 60 80 110
Cooling
slow, e.g. in furnace
Heat Treatment:
Soft annealing OC
610-650
Cooling
furnace
Hardness HB
max. 260
Hardening from OC in
840-870 Tempering OC HRC
oil, air or hot bath 56 180-220OC 100 200 300 400 500 600 56 54 50 46 42 38
Typical Analysis:
En 36A En 39B
C 0.15% C 0.15%
Mn 0.5% Mn 0.5%
Si 0.2% Si 0.2%
Ni 3.25%, Ni 4.2%
Cr 0.85% Cr 0.85%
Mo 0.2%
En 39B - Orange/Brown
Characteristics: Case hardening steels with high core strengths. En 39B has the higher core strength and toughness after
heat treatment. In addition to case hardening both grades are also used in the through hardened condition for high tensile applications. Supplied in the annealed state, approx 269 HB.
Applications: Components requiring good wear resistance and a tough core, i.e. carburised splined shafts, piston pins, camshafts, guide pins. Size Range:
EN 36A Rounds - Metric (mm)
22 140 25 150 33 170 40 180 50 200 55 210 75 260 90 105 120
Fletcher Easysteel Service Centres have the ability to cut to your specific requirements.
Remarks:
For 1 hour per 25mm of section, slow furnace cool at no more than 65OC/hour.
The following table indicates approximate case depths achievable: Time in hours at the stated carburising temperature to produce the given case-depth
880OC Solid
1.5 2.4 6.0 10.7 24.0 43.0 67.0
900OC Gas
0.65 2.0 4.5 8.0 18.0 32.0 50.0
925OC Gas
0.45 1.5 3.2 5.25 12.0 21.0 33.0
Solid
1.2 2.1 4.4 7.8 17.6 31.2 52.0
Salt
0.6 1.8 4.0 7.2 16.0 -
Solid
0.8 1.7 2.7 4.8 10.8 19.2 30.0
Gas
0.35 1.0 2.25 4.0 9.0 16.0 25.0
Treatment B
Treatment C
(Single refine) Air cool from carburising temperature. Reheat to 850-880OC and oil quench. Temper at 200OC for 1 hour per 25mm of section.
Air cool direct from carburising temperature and temper at 200OC for 1 hour per 25mm of section.
Phosphor Bronze:>
Phosphor Bronze LG2
SAE 40 JIS H5111-BC6 DIN 1705-RG5 AS 1565 83600 ASTM A505 & B271-83600 ISO 1338-CuPb5Sn52n5 Zn 5% Pb 5.0% P 0.05%
Typical Analysis:
Cu 85%
Sn 5%
general resistance to pick up or sticking with ferrous material in slow or medium friction applications. Its excellent machineability, and freedom from gas and porosity enable complicated parts to be made. E xcellent resistance to general corrosion.
Characteristics: Phosphor bronze LG2 (leaded gunmetal) is the common general purpose bearing grade particularly for
Applications: Bushes and bearings in equipment, irrigation, bearing rings, hydraulic control equipment, hydraulic ram components, crank gears, valve seats, wear rings. Size Range: All standard sizes in round (solids) from 25.5mm - 101mm
All standard sizes in cored hollow bar from 1 x 1/2 to 4 x 3.5 (Other sizes on application)
Yield
120Mpa 120Mpa
Elongation
20% 20%
Hardness
75BHN 75BHN
Welding: Suitable for being joined by soldering and brazing. Oxyacetylene welding not recommended.
Engineering Steels
Dia. INCHES 1/4 3/8 5/16 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 9/16 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 1/2 1 3/4 1 3/8 2 2 1/4 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 4 METRIC 10 12 16 20 22 24 25 30 33 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 90 100 105 110 115 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 280 290 300 310 320 340 370 400 420 MEDIUM TENSILE 1040 BLK 1040 CD BLK ` 4140 CD CG BLK 4340 CG CASE EN36A/EN39B
Engineering Steels:>
Forms of Supply & Machining Allowances
Our suppliers endeavour to meet the requirements of the market at all times. Apart from the black condition they can offer tool steels in the premachined condition, which presents economic advantage in many cases. The production programmes are subdivided into the following product groups: black condition premachined tool steels precision-machined tool steels Current market analysis guarantees the consumer optimum stock in all common steel grades and sizes, annealed or heattreated with the necessary working strength or hardness. The machined bars offer the customer the following advantages: no loading and soiling of the machines by rough machining flexible and improved time schedule ready-made for further processing, consequently shortening of tool production time significant reduction of the manufacturing costs indirect extension of capacity without further investment allocation of preliminary work to the tool steel supplier, thus freeing the toolmakers for other skilled work
Black condition
Material is produced under consideration of the common machining allowances indicated in DIN 17350, part 10 (draft 6/83). When manufacturing tools sufficient allowance must be made for machining to remove scale which originated during forging, rolling and annealing as well as decarburization and sometimes surface imperfections.
Premachined tool steels offer to the user a smooth surface with machining allowances already strongly narrowed down. The advantages of a premachined surface can be seen from the diagram shown on page 96. Depending on size 7 to 10% of the weight can be saved.
Basic sizes and pertinent largest finished sizes for rolled or forged round, square, hexagonal and octagonal bars.
Basic Size Thickness DR* 10 12 14 15 16 18 20 22 25 30 35 40 Largest Finished Size Thickness DR* 8 10 12 12.5 13.5 15.5 17.5 19.5 22.5 27 32 36.5 Basic Size Thickness DR* 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 100 110 Largest Finished Size Thickness DR* 41.5 46 51 55.5 60.5 65 70 75 80 84 94 103 Basic Size Thickness DR* 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 Largest Finished Size Thickness DR* 113 123 132 142 151 161 170 180 189 199 209 218 Basic Size Thickness DR* 240 250 260 300 350 400 450 500 600 Largest Finished Size Thickness DR* 228 237 247 285 333 380 428 476 571