Java 4

3/21/2013
Java e par e Prillit GII. 03.04.2013

Prof. ass. Avni BERISHA
GI. 02.04.2013
Termini ligjeratave
Prof. ass. Avni BERISHA, 2013
Azoti
Fosfori
N 1s2 2s22p3 P 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p3 As 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 4s24p3 Sb 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p5 4s24p64d10 5s25p3 Bi 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p5 4s24p64d10 5s25p65d10 6s26p3
ns2np3
Arseni
Antimoni
Bismuthi
Prof. ass. Avni BERISHA, 2013 Prof. ass. Avni BERISHA, 2013
3/21/2013
P P 60 P P
As
As
60
As
As
El.
N
As As As As As As As As
Energjia e jonizimit (eV) II
III
Elek. neg.
Pot. Redoks E0 / V
P As Sb Bi
As
14.50 29.60 10.50 19.70 9.80 8.60 7.30 18.60 18.60 16.70
47.40 30.20 28.30 25.30 25.60
3.0 2.1 2.0 1.90 1.90
+1.25 (NO3-/N2) +0.14 -0.11 -0.74 > -1.0

As As As
As As
As As
As As
As
As
As As
As
Lloji i lidhjs
Energjia molare e lidhjs (kJ/mol) 334 kJ/mol
Fortsia e lidhjs n krahasim me lidhjen njfishe 1.00
Lloji i lidhjs
Energjia molare e lidhjs (kJ/mol)
Fortsia e lidhjs n krahasim me lidhjen njfishe 1.00
160 kJ/mol
615 kJ/mol
1.84
415 kJ/mol
2.59
841 kJ/mol
2.52
946 kJ/mol
5.95
fosfina
arsina
stibina Jo stabile
bizmutina
3/21/2013
PH3 (2600 her m pak i tretshm) P-H (328 kJ/mol) N-H (390 kJ/mol) NH4+
Gr. 15
O
Cl
Acidi hipofosfitik, HPH2O2
Acidi hiponitrik, H2N2O2
Oksidi i fosforit (I), P2O
Oksidi i azotit (I), N2O
Oksidi i azotit (II), NO
Halogjenure - X(hal)3 Komponime kovalente (prjashtim SbF5) As, Sb dhe Bi (komponime komplekse): X(hal)4-, X(hal)52-dhe X(hal)53-
Okside Oksidi i azotit N2O3 (nn 0C)
P4O6
Sb2O3 Vetm n t nn -130C gjenden si As2O3 dhe Sb2O3
X2O3 (Bi), tjert si
X4O6 (P, As, Sb)
As2O3
3/21/2013
P4O6 + 6H2O 4 H2PHO3 (ac. fosfitik) As4O6 H3AsO3 + 3OH- AsO33- + 3H2O As(OH)3 + H+ As(OH)2+ + H2O As(OH)2+ + H+ AsOH2+ + H2O AsOH2+ + H+ As3+ + H2O
Si baz e dobt As3+ As5+
P4O6
(i tretshm)
As4O6
(i tretshm pjesrisht)
Sb4O6
(nuk tretet)
Bi2O3
(nuk tretet)
Sb4O6
P4O6
23.80 C
Sb4O6 + OH- 4SbO2- + 2H2O
Sb4O6 + 12H+ 4Sb3+ + 6H2O
Veti m t forta bazike se As4O6
As4O6
315 C
Sb4O6
548 C
AZOTI
1 Kondenzim dhe distilim fraksional t ajri
2 Largim t oksigjenit me rrug kimike
4N2(g) + O2(g) + 2C(s) 4N2(g) + 2CO(g)

ajri
4N2(g) + O2(g) + 2H2(g) 4N2(g) + 2CO(g)

ajri
3/21/2013
2Cu(s) + O2(g) + 4N2(g) 4N2(g) + 2CuO(s) NH4NO2(s) N2(g) + 2H2O(g)

Sintez direkte t elementeve
(Habber-Bosch)
(metoda cianamide)
Nga ujrat amoniakor
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) H=-92 kJ/mol
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) H=-92 kJ/mol

Prodhimi i azotit dhe hidrogjenit
N2 H2
Katalizatori
900C
ajri
Gazi nitror
Tretje /avullim
Nitrat kalciumi
Pastrimi i gazrave (N2 dhe 3H2)
NOx
Prodhimi i acidit nitrik Prodhimi i plehrave Prodhimi i nitratit t kalciumit
Sinteza katalitike e amoniakut p, T (lart) Ndarja e amonjakut nga przierja dhe riqarkullimi i
Prodhimi i N2 dhe H2
Prodhimi i amonjakut
T = 500 C + Katalizator + P=100MPa
Prodhimi i NOx
gazrave n tretsir
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) H=-92 kJ/mol

3/21/2013
2M(s) + 2NH3 2M+ + 2NH2- + H2

Prfitimi t kriprave t amonit dhe acidit nitrik Prfitimi t nitrateve (plehrave artificiale) Prfitim t melamins N industrin e nafts pr neutralizimin e prbreseve acidik (amonjaku pa uj) Prfitimi t karbonatit t natriumit (metoda e Solvay-it) NH3 (-33.42C) H2O (100.0C) NH3 i tret AgCl<AgBr<AgI NH3 i tret metalet alakline, alkalinotoksore (-Be) dhe ca lantanide
2NH3 NH4+ + NH2-
K=10-30 mol2/dm6
CH3COOH + NH3 NH4+ + CH3COONH3 + H2O NH4+ + OHNH4OH NH3 + H2O Kriprat e amonit NH3 + H+ NH4+
NH4+ + H2O NH4OH + H+

Kriprat e amonit (stabile) me ngrohje zbrthehen
Zavendsimi i hidrogjenit NH3 me -X
Amidet, imidet dhe nitruret
NH4Cl(s) NH3(g) + HCl(g)
(t=350C)
2Na(s) + 2NH3(g) 2NaNH2(s) + H2(g) NaNH2(s) + H2O Na+OH- + NH3(g)
(NH4)2CO3 NH4HCO3 + NH3
(spontanisht)
Me sintez t drejtprdrejt t elementeve
(NH4)2Cr2O7 Cr2O3 + N2 + 4H2O NH4NO3 N2O + 2H2O

(reaksion eksploziv)
Nitruret
Me nxehjen e metalit n amonjak
Me nxehje t amidit prkats
3Ba(NH2)2(s) Ba3N2(s) + 4NH3(g)
3/21/2013
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
(si reduktues)
Nitruret me karakter kripe

Gr.1 dhe Gr.2 (Li3N) joni N3-
Nitruret kovalente
Gr. 13 dhe Gr. 14 (t polimerizuara)
Nitruret metalike
Gr. 3, 4 dhe 5 (MN, temp. Lart shkrirje dhe fortsi t madhe)
NH3+ OCl- NH2Cl + OHNH3+ NH2Cl NH2-NH2 + H+Cl(+ xhelatin pr adsorbim t joneve eventuale t metalit)
Mg3N2(s) + 6 H2O 3Mg(OH)2+ 2NH3(g) AlN(s) + 3 H2O Al(OH)3+ NH3(g)

Hidrazina
3NH2-NH2 N2 + 4NH3
(mbi 250C)
N2H4 + H+ N2H5 + N2H5+ + H+ N2H6 2+

(baz m e dobt se amonjaku)
N2H5+ + 3H+ 3NH4 + N2H5+ + 4OH- N2 + 4H2O+ 4e-
E=+1.28 V E=+1.16 V
Hidroksilamina
NO3- + 7H+ + 6e- NH2OH + 2H2O
HNO2 + 2HSO2- + H2O NH2OH + 2HSO4NH2OH + H+ NH3OH+

(veti bazike)
4Ag(NH)32+ + 4OH- + N2H4 4Ag + 8NH3+ N2 + 4H2O

( si lnd djegse )
N2H4(l)+ 3H2O2 N2 + 4H2O
Messerschmitt Me 163B
3NH2OH N2 + NH3 + 3H2O (mbi 15C zbrthehet) ruhet si krip klorure

3/21/2013
2NH3OH+ N2 + 4H+ + 2H2O + 2e2NH2OH + 2OH- N2 + 4H2O + 2e-
E=+1.87V E=+3.04V
red
NaN3 + HCl + NH3 NaN3 + 3NaOH (mbi 190C)
Acidi azothidrik (HN3) p.vl 37V
NaN3 2 NaN3 2Na + 3N2
N2H4 + NaNO2 NaN3 + H2O NaN3 + HCl HN3 + NaCl

Oksidi i diazotit
N2O
2Na + 4 N2O 2NaNO2 + 3N2
N 2O
Molekul lineare Satbile (jo reaktiv n temperatur dhome) Gaz pa er dhe pa ngjyr me shije t mbl Shkakton disponim t kdshm dhe t qeshurit gazi qesharak
NH4NO3 N2O + 2H2O

2 N2O O2 + 2N2
3/21/2013
Acidi hiponitror H2N2O2
Monoksidi i azotit NO
Prfitimi:
N2 + O2 2NO H=+181 kJ/mol

ngrirje t shpejt Hark elektrik 2700C
2 NO2- + 4Na + 2 H2O N2O22- + 4Na+ + 4OH-
2 NO3- + 8Na + 4 H2O N2O22- + 8Na+ + 8OH-
700C
H2N2O2 N2O + H2O
Edhe kriprat e tij e edhe vet acidi jan jostabile
Laborator
3Cu + 8H+ + NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O

Industri (oksidim katalitik t amonjakut me oksigjen)
4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O H=-1167 kJ/mol *pz *py py pz *px px
Gaz pa ngjyr dhe shum helmus, termodinamikisht stabil
*py
Mnjanimi i elektronit t paqiftzuar:
Ej=9.5 eV NO(g) NO+(g) + eN2(g) N2+(g) + eEj=16 eV
Rendi i lidhjs = 3.0

(nitrozil kation) Nitrozil hidrogjensulfati NOHSO4
NO+
2NO(g) + Cl2(g) 2NOCl(g)

Paramagnetike Rendi i lidhjs = 2.5
Reaktiv edhe me katione metalike

3/21/2013
NH3 + 3X2 NX3 + 3HX NOF NOCl NOBr

Gjendje t gazt X2 + NO
NF3 (gaz) NCl3 (lng me pamje vajore) NBr3 (t ngurta)
Derivate t halogjenuara t amonjakut
Industri Laborator
2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g) Cu(s) + 2NO3- + 4H+ Cu2+ + 2NO2(g) + 2H2O 2Pb(NO3)2(s) PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
T.Sh -102C ngjyr t kaltrt 2N2O3 2NO2 + 2NO 2N2O3 + 2OH- 2NO2- + H2O
10
3/21/2013
21 C
2NO2(g) N2O4(g ) H=-82 kJ/mol
E=+1.07 V N2O4 + 2H+ + 2e- 2HNO2 E=+1.03 V N2O4 + 4H+ 2NO + 2 H2O
Pentaoksidi i azotit N2O5
Prfitohet me dehidratim (me pantaoksid fosfori) t acidit nitratik
Acidi nitrik HNO3 1 4 NH3(g) + 5 O2(g) 4 NO + 6 H2O 2 4 NO(g) + O2(g) 2 NO2(g) 3 3 NO2(g) + H2O(g) 2 H+ + 2 NO3- + NO(g)
w=100 % me distilim me acid sulfurik (lidh ujin) (sht jo stabil)
N2O5 (s) N2O4 (g) + 1/2 O2
NO2
Gjendje t ngurt
[NO2]+[NO3]Nitrat nitrili
HNO3
69.8 %
avullim
HNO3
50%
H 2O
11
3/21/2013
4 HNO3 4 NO2 + 2 H2O + O2

w=100 % ( ngjyr kafe acidi nitrik tymus)
Acidi nitrik + acidi sulfurik
NO2+
N drit
Fitohet edhe nga
NaNO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) 2 HNO3 + NaHSO4

FOSFORI
(NH4)NaHPO4 NaPO3 + NH3 + H2O 8NaPO3 + 10C 2Na4P2O7 + 10CO + P4
Ca5(PO4)3Cl
Klorapatiti
60 % n eshtra guano
Hidroksi-fosfat-kalciumi
Ca5(PO4)3OH
Fluoroapatiti
Ca5(PO4)3F
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3/21/2013
FOSFORI
2Ca3(PO4)2(g) + 6SiO2(g) + 10C(g) 6CaSiO3(g) + 10C(g) + P4(g) P4(s) + Cu2++ 6H2O Cu3P2(s) + 2 H3PO3 + 6H+
P i bardh vetndizet (CS2), shnderrit n errsir (vetoksidohet) dukuri e fosforeshencs Furra elektrike (t=1300C) C reduktus SiO2 pengon reaksionin ndrmjet Ca dhe P Del n gjendje t gazt P4 dhe grumbullohet nn uj (modifikimi i bardh jostabil) ku edhe ruhet
Fosfuret (P+M)
P4(s) + 3H2O + 3OH- PH3(g) + 3PH2O2PH3
Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 8C(g) Ca3P2(s) + 8CO(g)
AlP(s) + H+ Al3+ + PH3(g)

Gaz i pa ngjyr helmus Er peshku t kalbur Vshtir e tretshme n uj Kriprat i ka m pak stabile se sa ato t amonjakut PH4-X
PH4-X
PH4Cl PH4Br PH4I

Fosfiniumet H 2O
Fosfure t hidrolizueshme
L II B 1kg, Luftwaffe
Fosfure t pahidrolizueshme (karakter metalik)
PH4X(s) + H2O PH3(g) + H3
O+
X-
1) Ca3P2(s) + 6 H2O 2PH3 + 6OH- + 3Ca2+
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3/21/2013
Acidi hipofosfitik HPH2O2
Hipofosfitet
Trihalogjenuret PX3
Ba2+ + 2PH2O2- + H+ + HSO4- BaSO4(s)+ 2H+ + 2PH2O2HPH2O2 H+ + PH2O2- Ka=1.23*10-2 mol/dm3 M[PH2O2] M[PH2O2]2
T tretshme n uj PCl2F PBr3 PF3 PCl3 PBr3 PI3
PClF2
HPH2O2 + H2O H2PH2O3 + 2H+ + 2eHPH2O2 + 4H+ + 4e- P4 + 8H2O
E=+0.50 V E=-0.37 V
PFBr3
PF2Br
P4(s) + 6Cl2(g) 4PCl3 PCl3 + 3H2O H2PHO3 + 3H+ + 3ClOksidi i fosoforit (III) P4O6
H2PHO3 H+ + HPHO3HPHO3- H+ + PHO32-
K1=3*10-2 M K1=1.6*10-7 M
P4(s) + 3O2(g) P4O6(g) P4O6(s) + 6H2O 4 H2PHO3

Acidi fosforor H2PHO3
(ngadal)
Oksidi i fosforit (IV) P4O8 4 P4O6(g) 3 P4O8(g) + 4 Pi kuq (s) P4O6(g) + 6H2O 2H2PHO3 + H3PO4
4 H2PHO3 PH3(g) + 3 H3PO4
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3/21/2013
Acidi hipodifosfatik H4P2O6
Pentahalogjenuret e fosforit PX5 PF5 2PCl5(g) + 5CaF2(s) 2PF5(g) + 5CaCl2(s) Katalizator tek polimerizimi i THF PCl5 PF3Cl2 PBr5
H4P2O6 + 3H2O H2PHO3 + H3PO4
PCl5
PCl3 + Cl2(g) PCl5(g)
PF3Br2
PX5 + H2O POX3+ 2HX PBr5 , PCl5 (klorim dhe bromim) POX3 + 3H2O PO(OH)3 + 3HX (tepric uji) PBr5
Pentahalogjenuret e fosforit PX5 Acidi fosforik H3PO4
2P4 + 5O2 P4O10
P4O10 + 6H2O + 4 H3PO4 Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H+ + 3HSO4- 4 CaSO4 + 2 H3PO4 Pentahalogjenuret e fosforilit POX3 2PCl5 + P4O10 10POCl3
H3PO4 H+ + H2PO4H2PO4- H+ + HPO42HPO42- H+ + PO43-
K1=7.5*10-3 M K2=6.6*10-8 M K1=1.0*10-12 M
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3/21/2013
H2PO4HPO42PO43-
dihidrogjenofosfatet hidrogjenofosfatet fosfatet
Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 2 H+ + HSO4- 3 CaHPO4(s) + CaSO4(s) Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 4 H3PO4 3 Ca(H2PO4)2(s) Ca3(PO4)3F(s) + 7 H3PO4 3 Ca(H2PO4)2(s) + HF
superfosfat i dyfisht
NaNH4HPO4*4H2O
Na2HPO4*10H2O Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 HSO4- Ca(H2PO4)2(s) + 2 CaSO4(s) 2 Ca5(PO4)3F(s) + 7 H+ + 7 HSO4- 3 Ca(H2PO4)2 + 7 CaSO4(s) + 2HF(g) Na3PO4*12H2O
NaH2PO4*2H2O
KH2HPO4 K2HPO4
NaNH4HPO4(s) NH3(g) + H2O(g) + NaPO3 CaO(s) + NaPO3(l) NaCoPO4
(metafosfatin e Na)
Plehrat superfosfat
(ngj. kaltrt)
2 NaHPO4(s) Na2H2P2O7(s) + H2O(g) (dihidrogjenofasfatin Na2H2P2O7(s) 2NaPO3(l) + H2O(g) (pirofosfatin e Na) 2 H3PO4(s) H4P2O7 + H2O(g) (ac. pirofosfatik)
2 NaHPO4(s) Na4P2O7(s) + H2O(g) (pirofosfatin e Na)

e Na)
Na2H2P2O7 Na4P2O7
dihidrogjenpirofosfatet pirofosfatet
MPO3 3 H3PO4(s) H5P3O10 + 2H2O(g) (ac. trifosfatik)
metafosfatet
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3/21/2013
Na3P3O8
trimetafosfati
(550C)
3NaH2PO4(s) Na3P3O8(s) + 3H2O(g)

620C
Kripa e Grahmit ( kalgon )

(NaPO3)n n - 1000
Tripolifosfati i pentanatriumit
( kompleksim i joneve Ca2+ dhe Mg2+ si dhe peptizim t grimcave ka veti bazike)
2NaHPO4(s) + 2NaH2PO4(s) Na5P3O10(s) + 2H2O(g)
ARSEN I
FeAsS (FeAs2*FeS2)
Arsenopiriti
Arsenoliti
As4O6
Realgari
As4S4
17
3/21/2013
Zbrthim termik n munges t O2 4 FeAsS(s) 4 FeS(s) + As4(g) 2 As2S3(s) + 9O2(g) As4O6(g) + 6SO2(g) As4O6(g) + 6 C(g) As4(g) + 6CO(g) arsina
H3AsO3 + 3Zn(s) + 6H+ AsH3(g) + 3 Zn2+ + 3H2O

Gaz shum helmus me er t hudhrs
4 AsH3(s) As4 (g) + 6H2(g)

Prova e Marshit (Pasqyra e perhimt e arsenit) Arsenuret
Modifikimi i verdh (jostabil) As4 Modifikimi i perhimt struktur shtresore
6 Zn(l) + 4 As(s) 2 Zn3As2(s) Zn3As4(s)) + 6 H+ 2 AsH3(g) + 3 Zn2+ 2 AsH3(g) + 6 Ag+ + 3H2O H3AsO3 + 6 Ag + + 6 H+ 4 AsH3(g) + 6 O2 (g) As4O6 (g) + 6H2O (g)
Mjet reduktus (Prova e Gutzeit)
As4O6(s) + 6H2O 4 H3AsO3 AsF3 AsCl3(s) + 3H2O H3AsO3 + 3 H+ + 3 ClH3AsO3 H+ + H2AsO3- 2H+ + HAsO32- 3H+ + AsO33-
AsCl3 AsBr3 AsI3
As(OH)3 As(OH)2+ + OHAs(OH)2+ As(OH)2+ + OHAs(OH)2+ As3+ + OH4FeAsS(s) + 10O2 As4O6 + 2 Fe2O3 + 4 SO2
Dihidrogjenoarsenitet
Hidrogjenoarsenitet
Arsenitet
Veti t dobta bazike K1 = 1*10-14 M
H2AsO3-
si AsO2- forma meta
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3/21/2013
H2AsO3- si AsO2- forma meta
As(OH)3 + OH- As(OH)4As(OH)2+ + 3H2S As2S3 + 4H+ + 2H2O Polimerarsenite t ngurta 2As(OH)3 + H2S As2S3 + 6H2O
Precipitat i verdh
Nuk prfitohet me djegie direkte
(NaAsO2)n
2H3AsO4 As2O5 + 3H2O As4O6 + 8 HNO3 + 2H2O 4H3AsO4 + 8NO2

H3AsO4 H+ + H2AsO4H2AsO4- H+ + HAsO42HAsO42- H+ + AsO43-
Dihidrogjenoarsenatet K1=6.5*10-3 M Hidrogjenoarsenatet K2=1.1*10-7 M Arsenatet K3=3*10-12 M
2 H3AsO4 + 5H2S As2S5 + 8H2O

Antimoni
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ANTIMONI Sb2S3(s) + 3 Fe 2 Sb + 3 FeS
2 Sb(s) + 3 HSO4- + 9H+ 2Sb3+ + 3SO2 + 6H2O
Ndahet me skorijet Mg3Sb2(s) + 6H+ 3Mg2+ + 2 SbH3(g) stibina 2 SbH3(g) 2Sb + 3H2(g)
Sb2S3(s) + 10 O2 Sb4O8 + 6SO2 Sb2S3(s) + 8 C 4Sb + 8CO
1 Antimoni i verdh 2 Modifikimi i perhimt metalik

(m stabil)
3 Antimoni eksplodus (elektroliz t

tetrahalogjenurve t antimonit)
SbCl3 Sb2S3 Stibniti SbBr3 SbI3
SbF3
HF, fluorim, Freoni 12
SbCl3 + H2O SbOCl + 2H+Cl-
4SbOCl + H2O Sb4O5Cl2 + 2H+ClSb4O5Cl2 + H2O Sb4O6 + 2H+Cl(uj i nxeht)

Oksidi i antimonit (III) Sb4O6 4Sb + 3O2 Sb4O6 Sb4O6 + 12H+ 4Sb3+ + 6H2O
Pentakloruri i antimonit SbCl5
Lng i pangjyr
SbCl3 + Cl2 SbCl5 SbCl3 + 12 H2O 2 H[Sb(OH)6] + 10H+Cl Joni heksahidroksikloroantimonat (V)
Sb3+ + 3NO3- + H2O SbONO3(s) + 2H+NO3Sb4O6 + Sb4O6 +
4OH-
4SbO2 + 6H2O
-
SbCl5 + Cl- SbCl62 H[Sb(OH)6] Sb2O5 + 7H2O 2Sb + 10HNO3 + 2 H2O 2 H[Sb(OH)6] + 10 NO2 Sb2S5 + 6H+ 2 Sb3+ + 2 S + 3H2S
Vullkanizim t gomes (ngj. kuqe)
4OH-
+ 6H2O 4Sb(OH)4-
2Sb3+ + 3H2S Sb2S3 + 6H+
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B I Z M U TH I
Bi2S3
Shklqyesi i bizmuthit
Bi2O3 Okteri i bizmuthit
Oksid irideshent
Bi2S3(s) + 4.5 O2 Bi2O3 + 3SO2 2Bi2O3 + 3C(s) 4Bi + 3 CO2 2BiONO3 Bi2O3 + 2NO2 + 1/2 O2 P.Sh 275C prbrs i legurave me pike t ult t shkrirjs Emri i legurs Metali i Wood-it Metali i Rose-ut Bi % 50 50 26.60 Pb % 13.30 Sn % Cd % 12.50 00 10.00 2Bi(s) + 3 HSO4- + 9H+ 2Bi3+ + 3SO2 + 6H2O Bi2O3
Acid nitrik
60.00 66.00 70.00 94.00

BiCl3 BiBr3 BiI3 Kristale t zeza BiF3 Substanc kristalore e pangjyr Pluhur i bardh i tretshm n uj BiCl3 + 2H2O Bi(OH)2Cl(s) + 2H+ClBi(OH)2Cl(s) BiOCl(s) + H2O
T (C)
Legura e Lipovitz-it
50
12.50 25
50
27.00
25.00 25
13.00
10.00
21
3/21/2013
Oksidi i bismuthit (III) Bi2O3 2Bi + 1.5 O2 Bi2O3
2Bi3+ + 3 S2- Bi2S3 (bismutiti)
Bi2O3 + 6H+ 2Bi3+ + 3 H2O Bi3+ + 3NO3- + 2H2O Bi(OH)2NO3(s) + 2H+NO3Bi3+ + 3NO3- + H2O BiONO3(s) + 2H+NO3BiONO3(s) + 2H2O Bi(OH)3 + H+NO3Bi3+ + 3 OH- Bi(OH)3 Bi(OH)3 + 3H+ Bi3+ + 3 H2O
(Bi2O3 + Na2O2) bismutati i Na Bi2O5 dhe NaBiO3

Jan mjete t fuqishme oksiduese
22

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3/21/2013

Java e par e Prillit GII. 03.04.2013

Prof. ass. Avni BERISHA, 2013

Energjia e jonizimit (eV) II

47.40 30.20 28.30 25.30 25.60

3.0 2.1 2.0 1.90 1.90

+1.25 (NO3-/N2) +0.14 -0.11 -0.74 > -1.0

Prof. ass. Avni BERISHA, 2013

Energjia molare e lidhjs (kJ/mol) 334 kJ/mol

Fortsia e lidhjs n krahasim me lidhjen njfishe 1.00

Energjia molare e lidhjs (kJ/mol)

Fortsia e lidhjs n krahasim me lidhjen njfishe 1.00

Prof. ass. Avni BERISHA, 2013

Prof. ass. Avni BERISHA, 2013

Acidi hipofosfitik, HPH2O2

Acidi hiponitrik, H2N2O2

Oksidi i fosforit (I), P2O

Oksidi i azotit (I), N2O

Prof. ass. Avni BERISHA, 2013

Prof. ass. Avni BERISHA, 2013

Oksidi i azotit (II), NO

Okside Oksidi i azotit N2O3 (nn 0C)

Sb2O3 Vetm n t nn -130C gjenden si As2O3 dhe Sb2O3

X2O3 (Bi), tjert si

X4O6 (P, As, Sb)

Prof. ass. Avni BERISHA, 2013

Prof. ass. Avni BERISHA, 2013

Sb4O6 + OH- 4SbO2- + 2H2O

Sb4O6 + 12H+ 4Sb3+ + 6H2O

Veti m t forta bazike se As4O6

Prof. ass. Avni BERISHA, 2013

Prof. ass. Avni BERISHA, 2013

1 Kondenzim dhe distilim fraksional t ajri

2 Largim t oksigjenit me rrug kimike

4N2(g) + O2(g) + 2C(s) 4N2(g) + 2CO(g)

4N2(g) + O2(g) + 2H2(g) 4N2(g) + 2CO(g)

Prof. ass. Avni BERISHA, 2013

Prof. ass. Avni BERISHA, 2013

2Cu(s) + O2(g) + 4N2(g) 4N2(g) + 2CuO(s) NH4NO2(s) N2(g) + 2H2O(g)

Nga ujrat amoniakor

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) H=-92 kJ/mol

Prof. ass. Avni BERISHA, 2013

Prof. ass. Avni BERISHA, 2013

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) H=-92 kJ/mol

Pastrimi i gazrave (N2 dhe 3H2)

T = 500 C + Katalizator + P=100MPa

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) H=-92 kJ/mol

2M(s) + 2NH3 2M+ + 2NH2- + H2

2NH3 NH4+ + NH2-

NH4+ + H2O NH4OH + H+

Kriprat e amonit (stabile) me ngrohje zbrthehen

Zavendsimi i hidrogjenit NH3 me -X

Amidet, imidet dhe nitruret

NH4Cl(s) NH3(g) + HCl(g)

2Na(s) + 2NH3(g) 2NaNH2(s) + H2(g) NaNH2(s) + H2O Na+OH- + NH3(g)

(NH4)2CO3 NH4HCO3 + NH3

(NH4)2Cr2O7 Cr2O3 + N2 + 4H2O NH4NO3 N2O + 2H2O

Me nxehjen e metalit n amonjak

Me nxehje t amidit prkats

4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O H=-1167 kJ/mol pz py py pz *px px