Nhà ở chung cư CT5 - khu đô thị mới Mỹ Đình - cafebook.info

TRNG I HC XY DNG THUYT MINH N TT NGHIP
KHOA XY DNG
PHN 1
KIN TRC
10%
GIO VIN HNG DN : NGUYN HNG MINH
SINH VIN THC HIN : NGUYN MNH TUN
MSSV : 509.48
LP : 48XD4
NHIM V
1. Gii thiu v cng trnh
2. Cc gii php kin trc ca cng trnh
3. Cc gii php k thut ca cng trnh
4. iu kin a cht, thu vn .
CC BN V KM THEO:
1. KT 01 Mt bng.
2. KT 02 Mt ng chnh trc 1-10 v A-D
3. KT 03 Mt ct B -B, C- C ca cng trnh.
4. KT 04 Mt ct A- A ca cng trnh.
1
SV : NGUYN MNH TUN, MS :509.48 - LP 48XD4
1
KHOA XY DNG
CHNG I
GII THIU V CNG TRNH
I. TN CNG TRNH :
Nh chung c CT5 - khu th mi M nh.
II. GII THIU CHUNG
Hin nay, cng trnh kin trc cao tng ang c xy dng kh ph bin Vit
Nam vi chc nng phong ph: nh , nh lm vic, vn phng, khch sn, ngn hng,
trung tm thng mi. Nhng cng trnh ny gii quyt c phn no nhu cu nh
cho ngi dn cng nh nhu cu cao v s dng mt bng xy dng trong ni thnh
trong khi qy t cc thnh ph ln ca nc ta vn ht sc cht hp. Cng trnh xy
dng Nh chung c CT5 - Khu th mi M nh l mt phn thc hin mc ch
ny.
Nhm mc ch phc v nhu cu v sinh hot ngh ngi ca ngi dn, nh
chung c CT5 c xy dng kt hp vi cc cng trnh khc nh siu th, ch, sn
vn ng, trung tm hnh chnh, to thnh mt khu th mi. Do , kin trc cng
trnh khng nhng p ng c y cc cng nng s dng m cn ph hp vi
kin trc tng th khu th ni xy dng cng trnh v ph hp vi qui hoch chung
ca thnh ph.
Cng trnh CT5 gm 14 tng, din tch sn 1 tng 1366m
2
,tng din tch 20496
m
2
.Tng 1 vi cc ca hng , ban qun l, bo v,nh xe...
Cc tng cn li vi 09 cn h mi tng,cc cn h u khp kn vi 3-4 phng cc
khu v sinh, din tch 1 cn h 80-120 m
2
.Ton b cng trnh khi hon thnh s p
ng c cho 144 cn h,mi cn h c th t 4 -6 ngi.
III. A IM XY DNG
L CT5 Khu th mi M nh II - H Ni.
Cng trnh nm pha ng-Bc ca khu th, pha Nam gip ng vnh
ai ca khu th, pha Ty gip ng giao thng vo trung tm khu th, pha
ng-Bc l khu t cha xy dng nm trong din qui hoch.a im cng trnh rt
thun li cho vic thi cng do tin ng giao thng, xa khu dn c trung tm,v trong
vng quy hoch xy dng.
2
2
KHOA XY DNG
CHNG II
CC GII PHP KIN TRC CA CNG TRNH
I/ GII PHP MT BNG.
- Mt bng ca cng trnh l 1 n nguyn lin khi hnh ch nht
52,0
m
x 19,2
m
i xng qua trc gia. Mt bng kin trc c s thay i theo
phng chiu di to cho cc phng c cc mt tip xc v thin nhin l nhiu
nht. Phn gia cc trc 4 7 c s thay i mt bng nhm to im nhn kin
trc, ph v s n iu.
- Cng trnh gm 14 tng+ tng mi.
- Tng 1 gm snh dn li vo , ni gi xe, kit bn hng, cc dch v , ban
qun lkhu thu gom rc thi.
- Cc tng t tng 2 n tng 14 l tng dn . Mi tng c tng cng 09 cn
h, din tch sn s dng l :. m2.
- Tng mi c lp chng nng, chng thm, cha b nuc v lp t mt s
phng tin k thut khc.
- tn dng cho khng gian gim din tch hnh lang th cng trnh b tr 1
hnh lang gia ,2 dy phng b tr 2 bn hnh lang.
- m bo giao thng theo phng ng b tr 1 thang my v 1 thang b gia
nh ,ng thi m bo vic di chuyn ngi khi c ho hon xy ra cng trnh
b tr thm 2 cu thang b cui hnh lang.
- Mi tng c phng thu gom rc thng t tng trn cng xung tng trt, phng
ny t gia nh, sau thang my
- Mi cn h c din tch s dng 80-120 m
2
bao gm 1 phng khch, 3 phng
ng, bp, khu v sinh. C 3 loi cn h : A, B, C
- Cn h A : 120 m2
STT Hng mc Din tch S lng
1 Phng ng s 1 ( c WC ) 01( phng)
2 Phng ng s 2 16,5 ( m2) 01( phng)
3 Phng ng s 3 16,5 ( m2) 01( phng)
4 Phng ng s 4 16,5 ( m2) 01( phng)
5 phng khch + bp n 16,5 ( m2) 01( phng)
6 Phng v sinh chung 16,5 ( m2) 01( phng)
7 Ban cng
- Cn h B :
1 Phng ng s 1 ( c WC ) 16,5 ( m2) 01( phng)
2 Phng ng s 2 13,7 ( m2) 01( phng)
3 Phng ng s 3 11,3 ( m2) 01( phng)
6 Ban cng
3
3
KHOA XY DNG
- Cn h C : 80 m2,
1 Phng ng s 1 ( c WC ) 16,5 ( m2) 01( phng)
2 Phng ng s 2 13,7 ( m2) 01( phng)
3 Phng ng s 3 11,3 ( m2) 01( phng)
6 Ban cng

Mi cn h c thit k c lp vi nhau , s dng chung hnh lang . Khng
gian ni tht cc phng ng ch b tr mt ging ng , bn lm vic , t ng
qun o , c c nhn . Phng khch kt hp vi phng n lm thnh khng gian
rng c th t chc sinh hot ng ngi . Cc phng u c 1 ban cng to khng
gian thong mt ng thi dng cho vic phi qun o hoc trang tr chu hoa cy
cnh. S lin h gia cc cn h tng i hp l ,. Din tch ca cc phng trong mt
cn h l tng i hp l
II . GII PHP MT NG.
- Mt ng th hin phn kin trc bn ngoi ca cng trnh, gp phn to
thnh qun th kin trc, quyt nh n nhp iu kin trc ca ton b khu vc kin
trc. Mt ng cng trnh c trang tr trang nh , hin i vi h thng ca knh
khung nhm ti cu thang b,; vi cc cn h c h thng ban cng v ca s m ra
khng gian rng to cm gic thong mt, lm tng tin nghi to cm gic thoi mi
cho ngi s dng.Gia cc cn h v cc phng trong mt cn h c ngn chia
bng tng xy , trt va xi mng hai mt v ln sn 3 nc theo ch dn k thut ; ban
cng,c h thng lan can st sn tnh in chng g .
-Hnh thc kin trc cng trnh mch lc r rng . Cng trnh b cc cht ch v
qui m ph hp chc nng s dng gp phn tham gia vo kin trc chung ca ton
khu .Mt ng pha trc i xng qua trc gia nh . ng thi ton b cc phng
u c ban cng nh ra pha ngoi, cc ban cng ny u thng hng theo tng to nhp
iu theo phng ng.
- Chiu cao tng 1 l 4,2 m ; cc tng t tng 2-14 mi tng cao 3,2m.
4
4
KHOA XY DNG
CHNG III
CC GII PHP K THUT CA CNG TRNH
I/ H THNG IN
H thng in cho ton b cng trnh c thit k v s dng in trong ton b
cng trnh tun theo cc nguyn tc sau:
+ ng in trng cng trnh c i ngm trong tng, c lp bc bo v.
+ t ni kh ro, vi nhng on h thng in t gn ni c h thng nc
phi c bin php cch nc.
+ Tuyt i khng t gn ni c th pht sinh ha hon.
+ D dng s dng cng nh sa cha khi c s c.
+ Ph hp vi gii php Kin trc v Kt cu n gin trong thi cng lp t,
cng nh m bo thm m cng trnh.
H thng in c thit k theo dng hnh cy. Bt u t trm iu khin trung
tm , t y dn n tng tng v tip tc dn n ton b cc phng trong tng . Ti
tng 1cn c my pht in d phng m bo vic cung cp in lin tc cho ton
b khu nh.
II/ H THNG NC
S dng ngun nc t h thng cung cp nc ca Thnh ph c cha
trong b ngm ring sau cung cp n tng ni s dng theo mng li c thit
k ph hp vi yu cu s dng cng nh cc gii php Kin trc, Kt cu.
Tt c cc khu v sinh v phng phc v u c b tr cc ng cp nc v
thot nc. ng ng cp nc c ni vi b nc trn mi. B nc ngm d
tr nc c t ngoi cng trnh, di sn vui chi nhm n gin ho vic x l
kt cu v thi cng, d sa cha, v nc c bm ln tng mi. Ton b h thng
thot nc trc khi ra h thng thot nc thnh ph phi qua trm x l nc thi
nc thi ra m bo cc tiu chun ca y ban mi trng thnh ph
H thng thot nc ma c ng ng ring a thng ra h thng thot nc
thnh ph.
H thng nc cu ha c thit k ring bit gm mt trm bm ti tng , mt
b cha ring trn mi v h thng ng ng ring i ton b ngi nh. Ti cc tng
u c cc hp cha chy t ti hai u hnh lang, cu thang.
III/ H THNG GIAO THNG NI B
Giao thng theo phng ng c 01 thang b chnh + 02 thang my t chnh
gia nh v 02 thang b dng lm thang thot him t hai u hi.
Giao thng theo phng ngang : c cc hnh lang rng 2,2m phc v giao thng
ni b gia cc tng, dn dn cc phng v dn n h thng giao thng ng.
. Cc cu thang , hnh lang c thit k ng nguyn l kin trc m bo lu
thng thun tin c cho s dng hng ngy v khi xy ra ho hon.
IV/ H THNG THNG GI CHIU SNG
Cng trnh c thng gi t nhin bng cc h thng ca s, khu cu thang v
snh gia c b tr h thng chiu sng nhn to.
5
5
KHOA XY DNG
Tt c cc h thng ca u c tc dng thng gi cho cng trnh. Do cng trnh
nh nn cc yu cu v chiu sng l rt quan trng. Phi m bo nh sng cho
cc phng. Chnh v vy m cc cn h ca cng trnh u c c b tr tip gip
vi bn ngoi m bo chiu sng t nhin.
V/ H THNG PHNG CHY CHA CHY
Thit b pht hin bo chy c b tr mi tng v mi phng, ni cng cng
nhng ni c kh nng gy chy cao nh nh bp, ngun in. Mng li bo chy c
gn ng h v n bo chy.
Mi tng u c bnh ng Canxi Cacbonat v axit Sunfuric c vi phun
phng khi ho hon.
Cc hnh lang cu thang m bo lu lng ngi ln khi c ha hon. 1 thang
b c b tr cnh thang my, 2 thang b b tr 2 u hnh lang c kch thc ph
hp vi tiu chun kin trc v thot him khi c ho hon hay cc s c khc.
Cc b cha nc trong cng trnh cung cp nc cu ho trong 2 gi.
Khi pht hin c chy, phng bo v v qun l s nhn c tn hiu v kp thi
kim sot khng ch ho hon cho cng trnh.
6
6
KHOA XY DNG
CHNG IV
IU KIN KH HU, THU VN
Cng trnh nm H Ni, nhit bnh qun trong nm l 27
0
C, chnh lch nhit
gia thng cao nht (thng 4) v thng thp nht (thng 12) l 12
0
C.
Thi tit chia lm hai ma r rt : Ma nng (t thng 4 n thng 11), ma lnh
(t thng 12 n thng 3 nm sau).
m trung bnh 75% - 80%.
Hai hng gi ch yu l gi Ty-Ty Nam v Bc - ng Bc, thng c sc gi
mnh nht l thng 8, thng c sc gi yu nht l thng 11, tc gi ln nht l
28m/s.
a cht cng trnh thuc loi t yu, nn phi ch khi la chn phng n
thit k mng (Xem bo co a cht cng trnh phn thit k mng).
7
7
KHOA XY DNG
PHN 2
KT CU
45%
GIO VIN HNG DN : NGUYN PHNG LAN
MSSV : 509.48
LP : 48XD4
THUYT MINH PHN KT CU
NHIM V
1. Xc nh s tnh v ti trng
2. Thit k cu kin in hnh ct,dm .
3. Tnh sn tng in hnh
4. Cu thang b
5. Tnh mng cho 2 ct
CC BN V KM THEO:
1. KC 01 Kt cu mng
2. KC 02 Kt cu sn v thang b
3. KC 03 Kt cu Khung
4. KC 04 Kt cu Khung.
8
8
KHOA XY DNG
CHNG I
C S TNH TON
A. CC TI LIU S DNG TRONG TNH TON
1. Tuyn tp tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam.
2. TCVN 5574-1991 Kt cu b tng ct thp. Tiu chun thit k.
3. TCVN 2737-1995 Ti trng v tc ng. Tiu chun thit k.
4. TCVN 40-1987 Kt cu xy dng v nn nguyn tc c bn v tnh ton.
B. TI LIU THAM KHO:
1. Hng dn s dng chng trnh SAP 2000.
2. Phng php phn t hu hn. Trn Bnh, H Anh Tun.
3. Gio trnh ging dy chng trnh SAP2000 Ths Hong Chnh Nhn.
4. Kt cu b tng ct thp (phn kt cu nh ca) Gs Ts Ng Th Phong, Pts
L Trn Cng, Pts Trnh Kim m, Pts Nguyn L Ninh.
5. Kt cu thp II (cng trnh dn dng v cng nghip) Phm Vn Hi,
Nguyn Quang Vin, Phm Vn T, on Ngc Tranh, Hong Vn Quang.
C. VT LIU DNG TRONG TNH TON
I/ B tng:
_ Theo tiu chun TCVN 5574-1991.
Btng oc s dng l btng mc 300#
a/ Vi trng thi nn:
+ Cng tiu chun v nn : 167 KG/cm2.
+ Cng tnh ton v nn : 130 KG/cm2.
b/ Vi trng thi ko:
+ Cng tiu chun v ko : 15 KG/cm2.
+ Cng tnh ton v ko : 10 KG/cm2.
_ Mun n hi ca b tng:
c xc nh theo iu kin b tng nng, kh cng trong iu kin t nhin.
Vi mc 300# th Eb = 2.9x10
5
KG/cm2.
II/ Thp:
Thp lm ct thp cho cu kin b tng ct thp dng loi thp si thng thng
theo tiu chun TCVN 5575 - 1991.
Cng ca ct thp cho trong bng sau:
Chng loi
Ct thp
Cng tiu
chun
(KG/cm2)
Cng tnh ton
(KG/cm2)
AI
AII
2400
3000
2300
2800
Mun n hi ca ct thp: E = 2,1.10
6
KG/cm2.
9
9
KHOA XY DNG
CHNG II
LA CHN GII PHP KT CU
Khi qut chung
La chn h kt cu chu lc cho cng trnh( h chu lc chnh, sn) c vai tr
quan trng to tin c bn ngi thit k c c nh hng thit lp m hnh,
h kt cu chu lc cho cng trnh m bo yu cu v bn, n nh ph hp vi
yu cu kin trc, thun tin trong s dng v em li hiu qu kinh t.
Trong thit k k cu nh cao tng vic chn gii php kt cu c lin quan n vn
b tr mt bng, hnh th khi ng, cao tng, thit b in, ng ng, yu cu
thit b thi cng, tin thi cng, c bit l gi thnh cng trnh v s lm vic hiu
qu ca kt cu m ta chn.
I/ GII PHP KT CU PHN THN CNG TRNH :
I.1. Cc la chn cho gii php kt cu chnh
i vi nh cao tng c th s dng cc dng s chu lc:
+ H tng chu lc
+ H khung chu lc
+ H li
+ H kt cu khung vch kt hp
+ H khung li kt hp
+ H khung, vch li kt hp
a) H tng chu lc
Trong h kt cu ny th cc cu kin chu ti trng ng v ngang ca nh l cc
tng phng. Ti trng ngang truyn n cc tm tng thng qua cc bn sn c
xem l cng tuyt i. Trong mt phng ca chng cc vch cng (chnh l tm tng)
lm vic nh thanh cng xn c chiu cao tit din ln.Vi h kt cu ny th khong
khng bn trong cng trnh cn phi phn chia thch hp m bo yu cu v kt cu,
thiu linh hot v khng gian kin trc.
H kt cu ny c th cu to cho nh kh cao tng, tuy nhin theo iu kin kinh t
v yu cu kin trc ca cng trnh ta thy phng n ny khng tho mn.
b) H khung chu lc
H c to bi cc ct v cc dm lin kt cng ti cc nt to thnh h khung
khng gian ca nh. H kt cu ny to ra c khng gian kin trc kh linh hot. Tuy
nhin n t ra km hiu qu khi ti trng ngang cng trnh ln v kt cu khung c
cng chng ct v chng xon khng cao. Nu mun s dng h kt cu ny cho cng
trnh th tit din cu kin s kh ln, lm nh hng n ti trng bn thn cng trnh
v chiu cao thng tng ca cng trnh.
H kt cu khung chu lc t ra khng hiu qu cho cng trnh ny.
c) H li chu lc
10
10
KHOA XY DNG
Li chu lc c dng v hp rng, tit din kn hoc h c tc dng nhn ton b ti
trng tc ng ln cng trnh v truyn xung t. H li chu lc c hiu qu vi cng
trnh c cao tng i ln, do c cng chng xon v chng ct ln, tuy nhin
n phi kt hp c vi gii php kin trc.
So snh vi c im kin trc ca cng trnh ny ta thy s dng h li l
khng ph hp
d) H kt cu hn hp khung- vch-li chu lc
y l s kt hp ca 3 h kt cu u tin. V vy n pht huy c u im
ca c 2 gii php ng thi khc phc c nhc im ca mi gii php.
Tu theo cch lm vic ca khung m khi thit k ngi ta chia ra lm 2 dng s
tnh: S ging v s khung ging.
* S ging.
S ny tnh ton khi khung ch chu phn ti trng thng ng tng ng vi
din tch truyn ti n n cn ti trng ngang v mt phn ti trng ng do cc kt
cu chu ti c bn khc nh li, tng chu lc. Trong s ny th tt c cc nt
khung u c cu to khp hoc cc ct ch chu nn.
* S khung - ging.
H kt cu khung - ging c to ra bng s kt hp gia khung v vch cng.
Hai h thng khung v vch c ln kt qua h kt cu sn. Khung cng tham gia
chu ti trng ng v ngang cng vi li v vch. H thng vch cng ng vai tr
ch yu chu ti trng ngang, h khung ch yu thit k chu ti trng thng ng.
S phn r chc nng ny to iu kin ti u ho cc cu kin, gim bt kch
thc ct v dm, p ng c yu cu kin trc.
S ny khung c lin kt cng ti cc nt (khung cng).
* Kt lun:
Qua phn tch u nhc im ca cc h kt cu, i chiu vi c im kin
trc ca cng trnh ta thy : s kt hp ca gii php kt cu khung-vch-li cng chu
lc to ra s bin dng khng ng iu c kh nng chu ti cao cho cc cng trnh
cao tng c trung bnh ( nh hn 20 tng). Di tc dng ca ti trng ngang khung
chu ct l ch yu tc l chuyn v tng i ca cc tng trn l nh, ca cc tng
di ln hn. trong khi li v vch chu un l ch yu, tc l chuyn v tng i
ca cc tng trn ln hn ca cc tng di.iu ny khin cho chuyn v ca c cng
trnh gim i khi chng lm vic cng nhau.
Vi nhng u im ta quyt nh chn gii php kt cu khung-vch-li chu
lc, lm vic theo s h khung- ging.
I.2. Cc la chn cho gii php kt cu sn:
chn gii php kt cu sn ta so snh 2 trng hp sau:
a) Kt cu sn khng dm (sn nm)
H sn nm c chiu dy ton b sn nh, lm tng chiu cao s dng do d to
khng gian b tr cc thit b di sn (thng gi, in, nc, phng chy v c trn
che ph), ng thi d lm vn khun, t ct thp v b tng khi thi cng. Tuy
11
11
KHOA XY DNG
nhin gii php kt cu sn nm l khng ph hp vi cng trnh v khng m bo
tnh kinh t do tn vt liu
b) Kt cu sn dm
L gii php kt cu c s dng ph bin cho cc cng trnh nh cao tng.Khi
dng kt cu sn dm cng ngang ca cng trnh s tng do chuyn v ngang s
gim. Khi lng b tng t hn dn n khi lng tham gia dao ng gim. Chiu
cao dm s chim nhiu khng gian phng nh hng nhiu n thit k kin trc, lm
tng chiu cao tng. Tuy nhin phng n ny ph hp vi cng trnh v bn di cc
dm l tng ngn , chiu cao thit k kin trc l ti 3,2m nn khng nh hng
nhiu.
Kt lun :
La chn phng n sn sn ton khi.
II / S B CHN KCH THC TIT DIN
II.1. Chn chiu dy sn
Chiu dy bn chn s b theo cng thc:
m
l D
h
b
*
vi D = 0,8 - 1,4
trong : l l cnh ngn ca bn.
Xt bn ln nht c l = 450 cm; chn D = 0,9 vi hot ti 300kg/m2
Vi bn k bn cnh chn m = 40 - 45, ta chn m = 40 ta c chiu dy s b ca
bn sn:
cm
m
l D
h
b
13 , 10
40
450 * 9 , 0 *

Chn thng nht h
b
= 15 cm cho ton b cc mt sn.
II .2. Chn tit din dm
* Chn dm ngang:
- Nhp ca dm chnh l
d
=900 cm
- Chn s b h
dc
cm l ) 75 5 , 112 (
12
900
8
900
12
1
8
1

,
_

;
Chn h
dc
=70 cm, b
dc
= 30 cm
* Chn dm dc:
- Nhp ca dm l
d
= 640 cm
- Chn s b h
d
cm l ) 7 , 41 5 , 62 (
18
750
12
750
18
1
12
1

,
_

;
Chn h
d
= 55 cm, b
d
= 30 cm
* Cc dm sn chn 300x500
* Dm thang chn kch thc 200x300.
II .3. Chn kch thc tng
* Tng bao
12
12
KHOA XY DNG
c xy chung quanh chu vi nh, do yu cu chng thm, chng m nn tng
dy 22 cm xy bng gch c M75. Tng c hai lp trt dy 2 x 1.5 cm
Chiu cao ca tng xy : H
tng
= H
t
h
d
= 3,2 0,6 = 2,6 m
* Tng ngn
Dng ngn chia khng gian trong mi tng, song tu theo vic ngn gia cc
cn h hay ngn trong 1 cn h m c th l tng 22 cm hoc 11 cm. Tng c hai
lp trt dy 2 x 1.5 cm
Chiu cao tng ngn : H
tng
= H
tng
h
sn
= 3,2 0.5 = 2.7m
II .4. Chn tit din ct
S b la chn theo cng thc : F
b
= (1,2 1,5)
n
R
N
Trong :
R
n
=130kg/cm2
N : lc dc ln nht c th xut hin trong ct
Tnh gn ng N = s tng x din chu ti x ( tnh ti sn + hot ti)
D kin ct thay i tit din 2 ln tng 1-3, tng 4-14
Ct t tng 1-3 :
N= 14.35.(525 + 360)= 433650 kg

2
433650
1, 2. 4003
130
b
F cm
S b chn ct 800x500
Ct t tng 4-14 :
N= 11.35.(525 + 360)= 340725 kg

2
340725
1, 2. 3145
130
b
F cm
S b chn ct 700x500
II .5.Tit din vch
Vch c chiu cao chy sut t mng ln mi c cng khng i theo chiu
cao ca n .
dy ca vch :

'
t
h
t
20
1
150
(mm)
trong : h
t
chiu cao ca tng nh , h
t
= 5,4 m
t
270 mm .
Chn tho mn iu kn trn v tho mn yu cu kin trc , chn vch , li c
t=300mm th hin trn hnh v .
*Kim tra iu kin v mnh :
30
gh
o
t
l

cho tit din ch nht
Vi l
o
=0,7h
t
=0,7.5,4=3,78m =378cm
13
13
KHOA XY DNG
378
12, 6 30
30
o
gh
l
t

tho mn iu kin v mnh.
CHNG III
TI TRNG V TC NG
I/ TI TRNG NG:
I.1. Tnh ti:
a) Tnh ti sn:
* Trng lng bn thn sn :
g
ts
= n.h. (kG/m
2
)
n: h s vt ti xc nh theo tiu chun 2737-95
h: chiu dy sn
: trng lng ring ca vt liu sn
BNG TNH TNH TI SN
Cu to cc lp
Chiu dy
(kG/m
3
)
H s vt
ti
Ti trng
(kG/m
2
) (m)
Gch lt 0.01 2000
1.1
22
Va lt 0.02 2000 1.3 52
Bn BTCT 0.15 2500 1.1 412
Va trt trn 0.015 2000 1.3 39
Tng 525
B
NG TNH TNH TI MI

Hai lp gch l
nem 2cm/lp
=
1800KG/m3
72 1.1 79
Va lt 2cm
=
1800KG/m3
36 1.3 47
B tng chng
nng 10cm
= 800KG/m3
80 1.3 104
B tng chng
thm 4cm
= 2500KG/m3
100 1.1 110
14
14
KHOA XY DNG
B tng sn 12cm
=
2500KG/m3
300 1.1 330
Va trt 1.5cm

=1800KG/m3
27 1.3 35
Tng = 705
* Trng lng bn thn sn ban cng: g
i
= n
i
i
h
I
BNG TNH TNH TI SN BAN CNG

Stt Cc lp sn
Dy
(m)
kG/m
3
)
H s vt
ti
Ti trng
kG/m
2
)
1 Gch lt 0.01 2000 1.1 22
2 Va lt chng thm 0.02 1800 1.3 46.8
3 Bn BTCT 0.09 2500 1.1 247.5
4 Va trt 0.015 1800 1.3 35.1
Tng 351.4

b) Tnh ti tng:
* Trng lng bn thn tng 220: g
i
= n
i
i
h
I
BNG TNH TNH TI TNG 220
TT Cc lp sn
Dy
(m)
Cao
(m)

(kg/
m3)
n
G
(kg/
m)
1 Tng gch 0,220 2.5 1800 1.
1
108
9
2 Va trt 2 bn 2 x
0,015
2.5 1800 1.
3
176
126
5
* Trng lng bn thn tng 110:
Bng tnh tnh ti tng 110
T
T
Cc lp sn
Dy
(m)
Cao
(m)

(kg/
m3)
n
G
(kg/
m)
1 Tng gch 0,110 2.7 1800 1
.
1
588.
06
2 Va trt 2 bn 2 x
0,015
2.7 1800 1
.
189.
54
15
15
KHOA XY DNG
3
777.
6
* K n l ca ti trng tng 220 v tng 110 nhn vi h s 0,7:
-Tng 220 : 1265 x0.7 = 885 kg/m
-Tng 110: 777.6 x 0.7 = 544.32 kg/m
2
c) Tnh ti cu thang:
S b chn b dy bn thang 12 cm, da vo chiu cao tng H=3,2m v
chiu di L=3.4m v thang ta chn chiu cao bc thang l h=146mm,rng bc
thang b=300
-Din tch dc 1 bc thang.

2
((0, 08 0,146) 0, 08) 0, 3
0, 0459( )
2
S m
+ +

.
300
3
3
4
1
4
6
2
0
0
Hnh v -cu to bn thang.
8
0
-Chiu dy qui i ca bc gch.
) ( 137 . 0
334 . 0
0459 . 0
334 . 0
m
S
h
-Ti trng phn b du theo chiu di bn.
q
tt
=xh=1800x0.137=247(kG/m)
BNG TNH TI CU THANG
Cu to cc lp
Ti trng tc
kG/m
2
.
n
Ti trng tnh ton
kG/m
2
.
Lt gch Ceramic 20 1.1 22
Va ximng M75# 40 1.3 52
Bc gch 247 1.1 271.7
Bn BTCTdy120mm 300 1.1 330
Va trt trn 15 mm 27 1.3 35,1
Tng tnh ti thang =710,8(kG/m
2
)
16
16
KHOA XY DNG
BNG TNH TI CHIU NGH
Cu to cc lp Ti trng tc kG/m
2
. n
Ti trng tnh ton
kG/m
2
.
Lt gch Ceramic 20 1.1 22
Va ximng M75# 40 1.3 52
Bn BTCT dy 120mm 300 1.1 330
Va trt trn 15 mm 27 1.3 35,1
Tng tnh ti chiu ngh 439,1(kG/m
2
)
I. 2. Hot ti sn
Ti trng hot ti ngi phn b trn sn cc tng c ly theo bng mu ca
tiu chun TCVN: 2737-95
Bng tnh hot ti ngi
Stt
Loi phng
Ti trng tiu chun
(kG/m
2
)
n
Ti tnh ton
(kG/m
2
)
1 Phng khch 150 1.3 195
2 Phng ng 150 1.3 195
3 Bp 150 1.3 195
4 WC 150 1.3 195
5 Hnh lang 300 1.2 360
6 Cu thang 300 1.2 360
7 Ban cng 200 1.2 240
8 Mi BTCT 75 1.3 97.5
9 Mi tn 30 1.3 39
I.3/ PHN PHI TI TRNG LN KHUNG K2
V nh c t s chiu di so vi chiu rng
52
2, 7
19, 2
L
B

nn ta c th tnh
theo s phng, coi mi khung chu ti trng thng ng tng ng vi din
chu ti ca n. Ta lp bng phn phi ti trng ln khung K2.Theo nguyn tc
truyn ti : t sn =>dm;dm sn=>dm chnh; dm dc => ct

D
B
C
17
17
KHOA XY DNG
A
1
2
3
1a
1b
1c
1d
2a
2b
2c
2d
5
6
3a
3b
3c
3d
4a
4b
4c
4d
7
ds1
d-a1
d-e
ds2
ds4
ds8
ds5
d-c1
d-b1
d-c2
18
18
KHOA XY DNG
d-b2
d-d2
d-e
d-a2
ds6
ds3
ds7
d-d1
BNG GI TR TNH TI TRN CC SN
STT sn L ngn L di
Tnh ti
(kG/m2)
q max
(kG/m)
Tng ti trng
trn 1 hnh
tam gic (kG)
Tng ti
trng trn 1
hnh
thang(kG)
1 1 A 3,06 4,19 525,5 804,2 1226 2143
2
1 B
4,19 4,45 525,5 1101
2980 3350 Tng 110 c tng TT=2870
3 1C 3,06 4,82 525,5 804,2 1226 2649
4 1D 4,45 4,82 525,5 1169 2602 3033
5 2A.B 2,5 4,19 525,5 656,875 821 1930
6 2C,D 2,5 4,82 525,5 656,875 821 2345
7 3A 3,06 4,33 525,5 804,2 1226 2255
8 3B 4,33 4,45 525,5 1137,7 2463 2600
9 3C 3,06 3,67 525,5 804,2 1226 1725
10
3D
3,67 4,45 525,5 964,29
2430 3295 Tng 110 c tng TT=2870
11 4A,B 2,5 4,33 525,5 656,875 821 2023
12 4C,D 2,5 3,67 525,5 656,875 821 1590
13 5 2,2 4,45 525,5 578,05 635 1937
14 6 2,2 5 525,5 578,05 635 2255
15 7 0,9 2,5 525,5 236,475 591
19
19
KHOA XY DNG
BNG PHN PHI TNH TI LN CC DM SN
Tn dm Ngun truyn ti
Dng truyn
ti
q max( kg/m)
Cnh
truyn
ti(m)
Tng ti
trng(kG
)
Tng
Ds1
Sn 1A,1D,1C Tam gic,1B hnh thang 8127 12009
Tnh ti dm Phn b u 285 7,50 2138
Tng 110 u 545 3,2 1744
Ds2
Sn 2A,2B,2C,2D 3284 4709
Tnh ti dm Phn b u 285 5,00 1425
Ds3
Sn 1A, 1D,1C hnh thang,1B Tam gic 10805 17621
Tnh ti dm Phn b u 285 9 2565
Tng 110 u 545 7,8 4251
Ds4
Sn 2 A,2B,2C,2D hnh thang 8550 19080
Tng 220 u 885 9 7965
Ds5
Sn 3A,3C Tam gic, 3B,3D Hnh thang 8347 12229
Tnh ti dm Phn b u 285 7,5 2138
Tng 110 u 545 3,2 1744
Ds6
Sn 4A,4B,4C,4D 3284 4709
Ds7
Sn 3A,3C Hnh thang, 3 B,3D Tam gic 8873 15513
Tng 110 u 545 8 4360
Ds8 Sn 4A,4B,4C,4D Hnh thang 7226 16586
20
20
KHOA XY DNG
Tng 220 u 885 8 7080
BNG PHN PHI TI TRNG LN CC DM DC
Tn dm Ngun truyn ti
Dng truyn
ti
q max
(kg /m)
Chiu di
truyn(m)
tng ti
trng(kG)
Tng
cng
D-A1
Sn 1A Tam gic,1B Hnh thang 4576
22387
Dm sn Ds3 Lc tp trung t gia nhp dm dc 8810
Tng bao 220 u 885 7,5 6638
D-A2
Sn 2A,2B Tam gic, Sn 7 2824
13939 Dm sn Ds4 Lc tp trung t gia nhp dm dc 9540
D-B1
Sn 1C 1D tam gic, Sn 5 hnh thang 5765
23576
Tng ngn 220 u 885 7,5 6638
D-B2
Sn 2C.2D Tam gic, Sn 6 Hnh Thang 3897
19437
Tng ngn 220 u 885 5 4425
D-C1
Sn3A Tam gic, 3B,Sn 5 hnh thang 5763
22521
Tng ngn 220 u 885 7,5 6638
D-C2
Sn 4A, 4B tam gic, Sn 6 Hnh thang 3897
18190
Tng ngn 220 u 885 5 4425
D-D1
Sn 3C tam gic, Sn 3D hnh thang 4521
21279
Tng bao 220 u 885 7,5 6638
21
21
KHOA XY DNG
D-D2
Sn 4C,4D Tam gic, Sn 7 2824
12692 Dm sn Ds8 Lc tp trung t gia nhp dm dc 8293
D-E
Sn 7 1182
7182 Tnh ti dm Phn b u 315 5 1575
Tng bao 220 u 885 5 4425
BNG PHN PHI TNH TI LN CT
Tn ct Ngun truyn ti Dng truyn ti
Gi tr lc
( kg)
Tng gi tr
(kg)
Ct A
Dm dc D-A1 Lc tp trung 11194
18164 Dm dc D-A2 Lc tp trung 6970
Ct B
Dm dc D-B1 Lc tp trung 11788
21507 Dm dc D-B2 Lc tp trung 9719
Ct C
Dm dc D-C1 Lc tp trung 11251
20346 Dm dc D-C2 Lc tp trung 9095
Ct D
Dm dc D-D1 Lc tp trung 10640
16986 Dm dc D-D2 Lc tp trung 6346
22
22
KHOA XY DNG
BNG PHN PHI TNH TI LN DM CHNH .
Tn dm
Nhp
dm(m)
Ngun truyn ti
Dng truyn
ti
V tr trn dm ( m)
Ti trng ( kG)
A-B 9,0
Sn 1B Tam gic
0 2,095 4,19
0 2980 0
Sn 2A Hnh thang
0 1,25 2,94 4,19
0 1930 1930 0
Sn 1D Hnh thang
4,19 6,42 6,77 9
0 3033 3033 0
Sn 2C Hnh thang
4,19 5,44 7,75 9
0 2345 2345 0
Dm sn Ds1 Lc tp trung
4,19
6005
4,19
2355
Tnh ti dm phn b u 700
B-C 2,2
Sn 5 Tam gic
0 1,1 2,2
0 635 0
Sn 6 Tam gic
0 1,1 2,2
0 635 0
C-D 8,0
Sn 3B Tam gic
0 2,165 4,33
0 2463 0
Sn 3D Tam gic
4,33 6,165 8
0 2430 0
Sn 4A Hnh thang
0 1,25 3,08 4,33
0 2023 2023 0
Sn 4C Hnh thang
4,33 5,58 6,75 8
0 1590 1590 0
4,33
6115
4,33
2355
Cng xn 0,9
Dm D-E Lc tp trung 3591
23
23
KHOA XY DNG
S cht tnh ti khung K2 (n v lc : kG )
1250
2165
1835
3670 4330
1250
5153
4438
2723
4438
2723
c d b a
2200
3591 18164
21507
20346 16986 3591 8360
4190
2095
4710
1995
1250
2230 2230
1250
6078
4045
3045
4045
3045
1970
5610
8470
4720
PHN PHI HOT TI CHO KHUNG K2
C 2 phng n cht hot ti HT 1 v HT 2 theo nguyn tc lch tng, lch
nhp, t hp 2 phng n trn c phng n cht ti ton sn.
Vic phn phi hot ti cho khung K2 c tin hnh nh vi tnh ti, c th
ly gi tr phn phi theo trng hp tnh ti nhn vi h s t l
hoat
tinh
q
q
Kt qu cho ta s cht ti nh sau:
S CHT HOT TI 1 LN KHUNG K2
495
584
495
584
610
1250
4330 3670
1835
2165
1250
610
1980
610
495
584
495
584
610
1980 1005 2438
2742 1005
a b d c
1250
2230 2230
1250
1995
4710
2095
4190
2742
3734
S CHT HOT TI 2 LN KHUNG K2
24
24
KHOA XY DNG
720
3734
1297
2200
a b d c
D
B
C
A
1 2 3
1a 1b
1c
1d
2a 2b
2c 2d
3a 3b
3c
3d
4a
4b
4c
4d
7
ds1
d-a1
d-e
ds2
ds4
ds8
ds5
d-c1
d-b1
d-c2
d-b2
d-d2
d-e
d-a2
ds6
ds3
ds7
d-d1
ds4
D
B
C
d-d1
d-e
d-d2
ds5
ds7
ds6
ds8
d-b1
d-c1
5
ds3
d-b2
d-c2
6
A
d-a1
7
ds1 ds2
d-a2
d-e
1 2 3
Vi khung 3 nhp c nhp gia ngn BC=2,2m v gi tr ti cht ln nhp
ny khng ln , do trong cht hot ti ta c th cht ti c hai nhp DC v
CB( hnh v)
I/ TI TRNG NGANG:
II.1. Ti trng gi:
Ti trng gi c xc nh theo tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN.2737-95. V
cng trnh c chiu cao ln (H > 40,0m), do cng trnh cn c tnh ton n c
thnh phn gi ng.
25
25
KHOA XY DNG
Khi tnh ton nh hng ca ti trng gi da trn cc gi thit sau: :
-Gi tc ng ln ng thi ln hai mt n ca nh
-Cc khung ca li lm vic ng thi
-Sn tuyt i cng trong mt phng ca n
-B qua s chng trt ca li
- cng theo phng dc nh l v cng ln.
-B qua tc dng xon ca cng trnh.
II. 1.1. Thnh phn gi tnh
Gi tr tiu chun thnh phn tnh ca ti trng gi tc dng phn b u trn
mt n v din tch c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
W
tt
=n.W
o
.k.c
Trong :
- n : h s tin cy ca ti gi n=1.2
-W
o
: Gi tr p lc gi tiu chun ly theo bn phn vng p lc gi. Theo TCVN
2737-95, khu vc H Ni thuc vng II-B c W
o
= 95 kG/m
2
.
- k: H s tnh n s thay i p lc gi theo cao so vi mc chun v dng a
hnh, h s k tra theo bng 5 TCVN 2737-95. a hnh dng C.
- c: H s kh ng , ly theo ch dn bng 6 TCVN 2737-95,ph thuc vo hnh
khi cng trnh v hnh dng b mt n gi.Vi cng trnh c hnh khi ch
nht, b mt cng trnh vung gc vi hng gi th h s kh ng
i vi mt n gi l c = +0.8
vi mt ht gi l c= +0.6.
p lc gi thay i theo cao ca cng trnh theo h s k. n gin trong
tnh ton, trong khong mi tng ta coi p lc gi l phn b u, h s k ly l gi
tr ng vi cao nh tng nh( thin v an ton). Gi tr h s k v p lc gi
phn b tng tng c tnh nh trong bng.
Ti trng gi tnh c quy v lc tp trung mc sn Theo cng thc:
P
i
=[
]
2
i
.
i
2
1 i
.
1 i
W h W h
+
+ +
+ Gi t mi tr ln quy v lc tp trung ti nh khung .
Xt t s
46 . 2
2 , 19
3 , 47

L
H
theo TCVN 2737-95 tra h s kh ng cho nh c 2 mi
dc, dc mi 6
0
: Mt n gi : c
1
= +0.8
Mt khut gi : c
2
= -0.8
+Tng ti trng gi phn tng chn cao 1 (m).
.Gi y: p
= W
z
.S = W
0
kcxS=95x1,01x0,8x52x1 = 3991 (kG).
.Gi ht: p
h
= W
z
.S = W
0
kcxS=95x1,01x0,6x52x1 =2994 (kG).
+ Tng ti trng gi trn mi dc
.Gi y: S
= W
z
.S = W
0
k xcBxh =95x1,01x0,8x52x2 = 7983 kG).
.Gi ht: S
h
= W
z
.S = W
0
k cxBxh=95x1,01x 0,8.52x2 = 7983(kG).
Quy v lc tp trung nh khung :
Gi y : p
= 3991+7983 +6356 =18330 kG

Gi ht : p
= 2994+7983+ 4767 =15744 kG

26
26
KHOA XY DNG
Xt vi b rng n gi ton cng trnh b = 52m, ta c
Bng gi tr tiu chun thnh phn tnh ti trng gi phn b theo cao
nh
Sn
Cao z HS cao Wz (kg/m) Hdi Htrn Pz (kg)
(m) k (z) n gi Ht gi (m) (m) n gi Ht gi
1 4.2 0.515 2035 1526 4.2 3.2 8088 6066
2 7.4 0.603 2384 1788 3.2 3.2 8034 6026
3 10.6 0.667 2637 1978 3.2 3.2 8761 6571
4 13.8 0.718 2839 2129 3.2 3.2 9358 7018
5 17 0.762 3010 2257 3.2 3.2 9869 7402
6 20.2 0.799 3159 2369 3.2 3.2 10320 7740
7 23.4 0.833 3291 2469 3.2 3.2 10725 8044
8 26.6 0.863 3412 2559 3.2 3.2 11094 8320
9 29.8 0.891 3522 2641 3.2 3.2 11433 8575
10 33 0.917 3624 2718 3.2 3.2 11749 8812
11 36.2 0.941 3719 2789 3.2 3.2 12044 9033
12 39.4 0.964 3808 2856 3.2 3.2 12322 9241
13 42.6 0.985 3893 2919 3.2 3.2 12584 9438
14 45.8 1.005 3972 2979 3.2 0 6356 4767
II.2. Xc nh thnh phn ng ca gi
II.2.1. S tnh thnh phn gi ng:
Thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi tc ng ln cng trnh l lc do xung ca
vn tc gi v lc qun tnhca cng trnh gy ra.Gi tr ny c xc
nh trn c s thnh phn tnh ca ti trng gi nhn vi cc h s c k n nh
hng ca xung vn tc v lc qun tnh ca cng trnh.
tnh thnh phn gi ng tc dng ln cng trnh, ta cn tnh tn s dao ng
ring. Dao ng ring ca cng trnh c tnh bng cch coi cng trnh l
thanh cng xn ngm ti mt mng c s bc t do bng s tng ti cc mc sn ri
tnh dao ng bng chng trnh SAP 2000.
Khi lng tp trung ti mc sn c ly = (tnh ti +0,5 hot ti)
(0,5 l h s chit gim i vi khi lng cht tm thi trn cng trnh
dn dng).

S tnh tn s dao ng ring
II.2.2. Tnh ton thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi
II.2.2.a. Tnh ton khi lng tp trung
*Khi lng M1, 2 (t ti mc sn 1,2):
+ Trng lng sn: 386100 kG
+ Trng lng dm:
Dm chnh dc : 67080 kG
Dm chnh ngang : 100224 kG
27
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5
m6
m7
m8
m9
m10
m11
m12
m13
m14
27
KHOA XY DNG
Dm ph ngang : 32832 kG
Dm ph dc : 29754 kG
+ Trng lng ct : 102000kg
+ Trng lng li : 48720 kG
+ Trng lng tng : 126024 kG
+ Trng lng hot ti : 99000 kG
Khi lng M1,2 : 950934.10
-3
/10 = 99,093 T.s
2
/m

*Khi lng M 3,4,5...12,13 (t ti mc sn 3,4,5,...12,13 ):
+ Trng lng sn: 386100 kG
+ Trng lng dm:
Dm chnh dc : 67080 kG
Dm chnh ngang : 100224 kG
Dm ph ngang : 32832 kG
Dm ph dc : 29754 kG
+ Trng lng ct : 80000 kG
+ Trng lng li : 48720 kG
+ Trng lng tng : 126024 kG
+ Trng lng hot ti : 99000 kG
Khi lng M3,4,5,6,7,8 : 867734.10
-3
/10 = 86,773 T.s
2
/m
* Khi lng M14(t ti mc sn mi):
Ly gn ng, thin v an ton cho rng
Khi lng M14: 835734/10 = 83573,4 kG.s
2
/m
II.2.2.b. Tnh ton cng ca cng trnh:
* Xc nh cng ca cc khung v quy khung v cc vch tng ng:
Xc nh cng khung ngang
Khung c thay th bng mt thanh cng sn tng ng ngm mt mng
chu lc phn b u p = 100 kG/m. Nh vo mi quan h gia lc tc dng v chuyn
v ta xc nh c cng tng ng ca khung.
EI =
. 8
.
4
h p
Chy chng trnh SAP 2000 ta c chuyn v do p = 100 kG /m l :
1=0,00306 m
cng khung 1:
EI
xkhung1
=
10
4
10 . 80 , 1
00306 , 0 . 8
8 , 45 . 100
kGm
2
I
xkhung1
=
198 , 6
10 . 9 , 2
10 . 80 , 1
9
10
m
4
2=0,00766 cng khung 2:
28
28
KHOA XY DNG
EI
xkhung2
=
4
10
100.45, 8
0, 780.10
8.0, 00766

kGm
2
I
xkhung2
=
10
9
0, 780.10
2, 48
2, 9.10

m
4
*Xc nh cng li thang my :
Y
Xo
x
Chn h trc to ban u trong Xo trung vi cnh trn cng,y l trc i xng.
Din tch tit din: A=4.7x0.3+3x0.3x1.7+2x0.3x0.7+0.3x1.3=3.75m
2
Mmen tnh i vi trc Xo:
S
xo
=4.7x0.3x0.15+3x1.7x0.3x1.15+2x0.7x0.7x2.15+1.3x0.3x2.15=3.7125m
3
Tung trng tm:
Y
o
=
mm m
A
S
xo
990 99 . 0
75 . 3
7125 . 3

Xc nh c h trc qun tnh trung tm
3 3 3 3
4
0.3 4.7 1.7 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.3 1.3
3 2 2.679125
12 12 12 12
y
x x x x
I x x m + + +
3 3 3
2 2 2
3
2
0.3 *4.7 1.7 *0.3 0.3 *0.7
0.84 *0.3*4.7 3* 0.16 *0.3*1.7 2* 1.16 *0.7*0.3
12 12 12
0.3 *1.3
1.16 *0.3*1.3 2, 509
12
x
I
_ _ _
+ + + + +

, , ,
_
+ +

,
- cng ca cng trnh:
EJ
X
= EJ
X
Khung
+ EJ
x
vch
EJ
X

= E.(8. 6,198+2.2,48+ 2,509)
EJ
X
= E.57,053 ( kgm
2
)
29
29
KHOA XY DNG
Ta quy i cng trnh thnh thanh cng xn ngm vo mt mng c tit din
bxh = 1,000m x 8,81 m c cng theo phng x bng cng tng ca cng
trnh, cng theo phng dc nh y c coi l rt ln.
Sau khi thit lp m hnh ,vo s liu , s dng chng trnh SAP 2000 8.15
tnh tn s dao ng ring, ta c cc kt qu sau :
T1= 1,578 s f1= 0,634 Hz < 1,3
T2= 0,285 s f1= 3.508 Hz > 1,3
T1= 0,117 s f1= 8,52 Hz > 1,3
Nh vy ta ch cn tnh ton cho dng dao ng th nht c f1= 0,634 < 1,3
II.2.2.C, XC NH THNH PHN NG CA GI
Ta thy f
1
< f
L
= 0,634 Hz < f
2
= 3,508 thnh phn ng ca gi ng cn k
n tc dng ca xung vn tc gi, v lc qun tnh ca cng trnh. Xt vi nh nhiu
tng c mt bng i xng c f
1
< f
L
( iu 4.7 TCVN 229-1999), gi tr tiu chun ca
thnh phn ngti trng gi tc ng ln phn th k ca cng trnh c tnh theo
cng thc:
W
P k
=M
k
.
k
y
k
(kG,daN) (1)
Trong :
W
P k
: lc, c n v tnh ton ph hp vi n v ca W
F k
khi tnh h s
.M
k
-khi lng ca phn cng trnh th k m trng tm ca n cao
z
k
. y, trng tm ca tng phn cng trnh c xc nh ngang mc sn mi
tng.
: h s ng lc ng vi dng dao ng c bn ca cng trnh, c
xc nh bng cch tra th theo thng s ng vi =0.3 (cng trnh
BTCT).

1
0
1
940.f
.W

Trong : =1,2 h s tin cy
W
0
=950 N/m
2
, f
1
=0,634 Hz
0566 , 0
634 , 0 . 940
950 . 2 , 1
1

Tra th hnh 2 iu 4.5 TCVN 229-1999, ta c = 1,65
y
k
- Dch chuyn ngang ca trng tm phn th k ( mc z), y trng tm phn
th k mc sn cc tng. Gi tr ca y
k
xc nh theo bng (kt qu tnh dao ng).
k
-H s xc nh theo cng thc sau.

k
=
2
) .(
.
1
k
k
y
k
M
k
y
r
k
o
F
W
30
30
KHOA XY DNG
M
k
- khi lng phn cng trnh th k mi mc sn, gi tr ny xc nh bng
cch cng tng cc khi lng tp trung theo cc mc sn
W
o
F k
gi tr tiu chun thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi tc dng ln phn th
k ca cng trnh khi ch k n nh hng ca xung vn tc gi, c th nguyn l
lc, c xc nh theo cng thc
W
o
F k
=W
k
Vi: W
k
- l gi tr tiu chun ca thnh phn gi tnh tc dng ln phn th k
ca cng trnh, xc nh phn gi tnh(KG).
k
- l h s p lc ng ca ti trng gi ph thuc vo cao ng vi
phn th k ca cng trnh
: H s tng quan khng gian p lc ng ca ti trng gi, y ta tnh
cho dng dao ng th nht nn = 1. H s ny ly theo bng 4, bng 5
TCVN 229-1999. Cng trnh c b rng mt n gi D = 52m, chiu cao n
gi H = 45,8m . Da vo tiu chun, ni suy c h s tng quan khng
gian p lc gi 1 = 0,641.
Bng tnh ton W
o
F k
on ct

Cao

Gi tnh
Wk (kG)
k

W
o
F k

( kG)

n giKhut gi
1 4.2 8088 6066 0.754 0.641 6841
2 7.4 8034 6026 0.7204 0.641 6492
3 10.6 8761 6571 0.6802 0.641 6685
4 13.8 9358 7018 0.6601 0.641 6929
5 17.0 9869 7402 0.6399 0.641 7084
6 20.2 10320 7740 0.6204 0.641 7182
7 23.4 10725 8044 0.6111 0.641 7352
8 26.6 11094 8320 0.6019 0.641 7490
9 29.8 11433 8575 0.5926 0.641 7600
10 33.0 11749 8812 0.5833 0.641 7688
11 36.2 12044 9033 0.574 0.641 7755
12 39.4 12322 9241 0.5647 0.641 7806
13 42.6 12584 9438 0.559 0.641 7890
14 45.8 6356 4767 0.554 0.641 3950
31
31
KHOA XY DNG
BNG TNH TON GI TR TIU CHUN THNH PHN NG
on ct Cao
Khi
lng
qui i
Chuyn v Yk1 y
1k .
W
F k
y
1k
2
. M
k
i
Wp
k
Mk(kG) mode 1 (m) k G
1 4.2 950934 0.000044 0.3009991 0.0018410 7.44 511
2 7.4 950934 0.0001 0.6492404 0.0095093 7.44 1161
3 10.6 867734 0.000176 1.1766064 0.0268789 7.44 1864
4 13.8 867734 0.000269 1.8638622 0.0627901 7.44 2849
5 17.0 867734 0.000377 2.6707867 0.1233302 7.44 3993
6 20.2 867734 0.000497 3.5696097 0.2143381 7.44 5264
7 23.4 867734
0.000628
4.6173313 0.3422204 7.44 6651
8 26.6 867734 0.000766 5.7372000 0.5091481 7.44 8113
9 29.8 835734 0.000911 6.9237118 0.6935932 7.44 9293
10 33.0 835734 0.001061 8.1564669 0.9408033 7.44 10823
11 36.2 835734
0.001213
9.4070650 1.2296731 7.44 12373
12 39.4 835734 0.001367 10.6703077 1.5617269 7.44 13944
13 42.6 835734 0.001522 12.0091177 1.9359644 7.44 15525
14 45.8 835734
0.001676
6.6198945 2.3475567 7.44 17096
Tng 74.37219936 9.9993739
32
32
KHOA XY DNG
II.3. GI TR TNH TON CU CC THNH PHN TI TRNG GI:
W
P

tt
= W
P
..
Vi = 1,2, = 1 vi cng trnh c thi gian s dng 50 nm.
Bng gi tr tnh ton ti trng gi
Sn Cao trnh
(m)
W tnh(kg)
Wng (kg)
Tng ti gi
(kg)
Gi y Gi ht Pha tri Pha phiGi y Gi ht
1 4.2 9706 7279 255 255 9961 7535
2 7.4 9641 7231 580 580 10221 7811
3 10.6 10514 7885 932 932 11446 8817
4 13.8 11230 8422 1424 1424 12654 9847
5 17 11843 8882 1996 1996 13840 10879
6 20.2 12384 9288 2632 2632 15016 11920
7 23.4 12870 9652 3326 3326 16195 12978
8 26.6 13313 9984 4056 4056 17369 14041
9 29.8 13720 10290 4646 4646 18366 14936
10 33 14099 10574 5411 5411 19510 15985
11 36.2 14453 10840 6187 6187 20639 17026
12 39.4 14786 11089 6972 6972 21758 18061
13 42.6 15101 11325 7762 7762 22863 19088
Mi 45.8 21996 18929 8548 8548 30544 27477
II.3.1 Phn phi ti trng gi v khung K2
TI trng gi phn b theo t l cng,tI trng gi tc dng vo
W
P2
= W
P
.
2 K
EI
EI
= W
P
.
6,198
57, 05

WP
9, 2
33
33
KHOA XY DNG
Gi tr tnh ton ca ti trng gi tc ng ln khung K2
Sn Cao
trnh
(m)
W tnh(kg/m)
Wng(kg/m)
Tng ti gi
(kg/m)
Gi y Gi ht Gi y Gi ht Gi y Gi ht
1 4.2 1079 809 29 29 1108 838
2 7.4 1072 804 65 65 1137 869
3 10.6 1168 877 103 103 1271 980
4 13.8 1248 936 159 159 1407 1095
5 17 1316 987 223 223 1539 1210
6 20.2 1376 1032 293 293 1669 1325
7 23.4 1431 1073 370 370 1801 1443
8 26.6 1480 1110 451 451 1931 1561
9 29.8 1525 1144 517 517 2042 1661
10 33 1567 1176 601 601 2168 1777
11 36.2 1607 1204 687 687 2294 1891
12 39.4 1643 1232 775 775 2418 2007
13 42.6 1679 1259 863 863 2542 2122
Mi 45.8 2444 2103 950 950 3394 3053
PHN TCH KT CU V T HP NI LC.
S tnh ton kt cu l s phng. Tch ring khung K2 tnh.
Sau khi c cc s liu v ti trng, v kch thc kt cu, ta phn tch tnh
ton ni lc kt cu nh phn mm SAP 2000. S ti trng nh hnh v.
Sau khi phn tch kt cu, ta cn tin hnh t hp ni lc tm ra cc trng
hp ni lc nguy him cho cc tit din.
i vi dm : tm t hp ni lc cho 3 tit din u gia cui ,
tm : M
+
max
,M
-
max
,Q
max.
i vi ct: tm t hp ni lc cho 2 tit din, mi tit din cn 3 cp ni lc
mi tit din phi xt t hp c bn 1 v t hp c bn 2
T hp c bn 1 = Ni lc do tnh ti + Ni lc do 1 hot ti.
T hp c bn 2 = Ni lc do tnh ti + 0,9x( tng ni lc do cc trng hp
hot ti).
Da trn nguyn tc ta lp c bng t hp ni lc cho cc phn t ct, dm
34
34
KHOA XY DNG
CHNG V/ THIT K CC CU KIN
I. Thit k ct
Tnh ton ct trc A( phn t 43)
+ Ct c tit din 80x50 cm
+ Dng b tng mc 300 c R
n
= 130 kG/cm
2
, R
k
= 10 kG/cm
2
+ Thp AII c R
a
= R
a'
= 2800 kG/cm
2
+ Chiu di ct 5,4 m
chiu di tnh ton l
0
= 0,7 l = 0,7.5,4 = 3,78 m
Da vo bng t hp ni lc ta chn ra c cc cp t hp ni lc nguy him:
Stt
M
(Tm)
N
(T)
1 14,2 -507,44
2 -7,28 -564,77
3 -8,86 -459,87
4 13,90 -570,17
* Gi thit a = a = 5 cm
h
0
= h - a = 80 - 5 = 75 cm ; h
0
- a' = 75 - 5 = 70 cm
* Tnh ton ct thp vi cp ni lc 1:
- lch tm e
0
= e'
01
+ e
01
e'
01
: lch tm ngu nhin ly gi tr max trong 3 gi tr sau
:
+
25
h
= 3,2 cm
+2,0 cm
e'
01
= 3,2 cm
e
01
=
14, 2
507, 44
M
N

= 0,028 m = 2,8 cm
e
0
= 3,2+2,8 = 6,0 cm
Ta thy t s l
0
/h = 3,98 < 8 nn b qua nh hng ca un dc = 1
+ Xc nh e:
e = .e
0
+ 0,5.h - a = 6,0 + 0,5.80 - 5 = 41,0 cm
x =
507440
. 130.50
n
N
R b

= 78,1 cm >
0
h
0
= 0,58x75 = 43,5 cm
+ Tnh li x theo lch tm b:
Ta thy .e
0
= 6 (cm) < 0,2h
0
= 15 cm
x = h - (1,8+
0
0, 5.h
h
- 1,4
0
)..e
0
= 66,0 cm
35
35
KHOA XY DNG
+ Tnh F
a
= F
a
' =
) (
) . 5 , 0 ( . . .
a h R
x h x b R e N
o a
o n

=
66
507440.41 130.50.66.(75 )
2
2800.(75 5)

= 14,21
cm2
= 2 .
14, 21
75.50
. 100 = 0,76 %
* Tnh ton ct thp vi cp ni lc2: M = -7,28 Tm, N = -564,77 T
- lch tm e
0
= e'
01
+ e
01
e'
01
= 3,2 cm
e
01
=
7, 28
564, 77
M
N

= 0,013 m = 1,3 cm
e
0
= 3,2+1,3 = 4,5 cm
Ta thy t s l
0
+ Xc nh e:
e = .e
0
+ 0,5.h - a = 4,3 + 0,5.80 - 5 = 39,5 cm
x =
564770
. 130.50
n
N
R b

= 86,9 cm >
0
h
0
= 0,58.75 = 43,5 cm
Ta thy .e
0
< 0,2h
0
= 15 cm
x = h - (1,8 +
.
. 5 , 0
0
h
h
-1,4
0
).e
0
= 69,5 cm
+ Tnh F
a
= F
a
' =
) (
) . 5 , 0 ( . . .
a h R
x h x b R e N
o a
o n

=
69, 5
564770.39, 5 130.50.69, 5.(75 )
2
2800.(75 5)

=
21,01 cm2
= 2 .
21, 01
75.50
. 100 = 1,12 %
M = - 8,86 Tm, N = - 459,87 T
Tin hnh tng t ta c :
Fa = Fa =1,68 cm2
M = 13,9 Tm, N = - 570,17 T
- lch tm e
0
= e'
01
+ e
01
e'
01
: lch tm ngu nhin ly : e'
01
= 3,2 cm
e
01
=
13, 9
570,17
M
N

= 0,024 m = 2,4 cm
e
0
= 3,2+2,4 = 5,6 cm
Ta thy t s l
0
+ Xc nh e:
e = .e
0
+ 0,5.h - a = 5,6 + 0,5.80 - 5 = 40,6 cm
36
36
KHOA XY DNG
x =
570170
. 130.50
n
N
R b

= 87,7 cm >
0
h
0
= 0,58.75 = 43,5 cm
Ta thy .e
0
< 0,2h
0
= 15 cm
x = h - (1,8 +
.
. 5 , 0
0
h
h
-1,4
0
)..e
0
= 66,8 cm
+ Tnh F
a
= F
a
' =
) (
) . 5 , 0 ( . . .
a h R
x h x b R e N
o a
o n

=
66,8
570170.40, 6 130.50.66, 8(75 )
2
2800(75 5)

= 26,05
cm2
= 2 .
26, 05
75.50
. 100 = 1,39 %
* Kt lun: Dng kt qu F
a
= F
a
' = 26,05 cm
2
chn ct thp
Chn thp 625 cho 1 pha, c F
a
= F
a
' = 29,45 cm
2

Tt c cc ct cn li u t thp tng t
T tng 9 n 14 c th thu nh din tch ct thp xung cn 622.
II.TNH TON CT THP DM
II.1. Tnh ton ct thp dm tng 1, nhp AB (phn t 60+61)
Da vo bng t hp ni lc ta chn ra c cc cp t hp ni lc nguy him 3
tit din
Tit din M
+
(kGm) M
-
(Tm) Qmax (T)
I-I ----- -29,1 -14,69
II-II 17,39 ------ 5,19
III-III ------ -30,23 -14,83
37
37
KHOA XY DNG
I
1
1
2
2
3
3
I I
S v tr cc mt ct dm
a. Tit din II-II chu mmen dng
Tit din tnh ton l ch T vi cc kch thc nh sau
Chiu rng cch a vo tnh ton: b
c
= b + 2.C
1
.
Trong C
1
ly gi tr nh nht trong cc gi tr sau:
+ 0,5.(250 - 30) = 110 cm
+ l
d
/6 = 900/6 = 150 cm.
+ h
c
=15cm > 7cm = 0,1.h
C
1
= 9.h
c
= 135 cm
b
c
= 30 + 110 = 140cm
Gi thit a = 5cm h
0
=65cm.
Xc nh trc trung ho:
M
c
= R
n
. b
c
.h
c
(h
0
0,5. h
c
) = 130.138.12.(65-0,5.12) = 677040 kGm.= 67,7 Tm
M
c
>M trc trung ho i qua cnh, tit din tnh ton l ch nht bxh = 138x70.
A =
2
0
. . h b R
M
n
=
5
2
17, 39.10
130.140.65
= 0,023 < A
0
= 0.412; => = 0.989
F
a
=
0
. . h R
M
a

=
5
17, 39.10
2800.0, 989.65
= 9,67 cm
2
= 0,46%
Chn ct dc 322 F
a
= 11,4cm
2
= 0,58 %.
b. Ti tit din III-III chu mmen m M
-
= 30,23 Tm
38
38
KHOA XY DNG
Tit din tnh ton l ch nht bxh.
Gi thit a = 5cm, h
0
= 65cm.
A =
2
0
. . h b R
M
n
=
5
2
30, 23.10
130.30.65
= 0,183 < A
0
= 0.412 => = 0.898
F
a
=
0
. . h R
M
a

=
5
30, 23.10
2800.0, 898.65
= 18,5 cm
2
= 0,95 %.
Chn 425 F
a
= 19,63 cm
2
= 1,0 %.
c. Ti tit din I-I chu mmen m M
-
=29,1 Tm
Tnh ton tng t tit din III-III, nhn thy chng c gi tr M men xp x nhau
nn dt thp ging nhau.
39
39
KHOA XY DNG
d. Tnh ton ct ai
+ Kim tra iu kin
K
0
.R
n
.b.h
0
= 0,35.130.30.65 = 88725 kg.
K
1
.R
k
.b.h
0
= 0,6.10.30.65 = 11700kg.
Ti tit din I-I, III-III v Q
max
=14830 kG > K
1
.R
k
.b.h
0
nn ct ai cn tnh ton
+ Khong cch ln nht gia cc ct ai:
U
max
=
Q
h b R
k
2
0
. . . 5 , 1
=
2
1, 5.10.30.65
14830
= 128 cm
Ta chn ai 6 c 2 nhnh
+ Khong cch tnh ton gia cc ct ai:
U
tt
= R
.n.f
.8. R
k
.b.h
0
2
/Q
2
= 1800.2.0,283.8.10.25.55
2
/14830
2
= 47cm
+ Khong cch cu to ct ai:
Ucu to = h/3 = 23 cm
* Ta chn ct ai 6 a200 u dm, 6 a 250 gia dm.
e . Tnh ton ct treo
ch dm ph k ln dm chnh cn t ct treo chng m thng
Lc tp trung t dm ph truyn vo:
P = 6281 + 1980 = 8261 kG = 8300 kG
Din tch ct ai dng lm ct treo l :
Ftr =
8300
1800
P
Ra

= 4,61 cm2
D nh dng ct treo 8 c 2 nhnh ,s ct treo cn thit l :
40
P
300 200 200
700
40
KHOA XY DNG

4, 61
. 2.0, 503
Ftr
n fa

= 4,58
Dng 6 8 , a80 t hai bn nh hnh v .
T tng 9 n tng 14 c th rt bt din tch thp do ni lc gim i kh nhiu. Ta
b tr nh sau:
41
41
KHOA XY DNG
III. THIT K SN IN HNH
III.1. Thit k sn hnh lang
a. S tnh:
Xt t s L2/L1 = 5000/2200 = 2,27 >2
tnh theo bn loi ngm lm vic theo phng cnh ngn.
c
b
2 3
2
2
0
0
5000
b. Xc nh ni lc
+ Tnh ti tnh ton: 525 kG/ m
2
+ Hot ti tnh ton: 360 kG/ m
2
q
b
= 525 + 360 = 885 kG/m
2
Mmen m ln nht hai u ngm:
M
-
=
2 2
1
885.2, 2
12 12
b
q l
= 356,95 kGm
Mmen dng ln nht gia nhp:
M
+
=
2 2
1
885.2, 2
24 24
b
q l
= 178,5 kGm
42
42
KHOA XY DNG
c. Tnh ton ct thp:
ct ra mt di bn rng b = 1 m tnh
chn a= 2 cm cho mi tit din => ho =15 2 =13 cm
Tnh thp chu mmen m gi:
A =
2
. .
n o
M
R b h
=
2
356, 95.100
130.100.13
= 0,016

0, 5. 1 1 2.0, 016
1
+
]
= 0,992
Fa =
. .
a o
M
R h
=
35695
2300.0, 992.13
= 0,99 cm2 % =
0, 99
.100
13.100
= 0,08%
Chn thp 8, a150 c Fa = 3,35cm2 % =
3, 35
.100
10.100
= 0,34%
*Tnh thp chu mmen dng
A =
2
. .
n o
M
R b h
=
2
17850
130.100.13
= 0,008

0, 5. 1 1 2.0, 008
1
+
]
= 0,996
Fa =
. .
a o
M
R h
=
17850
2300.0, 996.13
= 0,49 cm2 % =
0, 49
.100
13.100
= 0,04%
tin b tr ta chn thp 8, a200 c Fa = 2,52cm2
% =
2, 52
.100
10.100
= 0,25%
* Ct thp phn b :
tin cu to ta chn thp 8, a200 c Fa = 2,52cm2
III.3. Tnh ct thp sn phng 4,445x4,82 m
a. Xc nh nhp, s tnh ton
L
t1
= 445(cm)
L
t2
= 482 (cm)
r =
l
l
t
t
2
2
=
482
445
= 1,1 Bn k 4 cnh
b. Xc nh ni lc
+ Tnh ti tnh ton: 443 kG/ m
2
+ Hot ti tnh ton: 195 kG/ m
2
q
b
= 443 + 195 = 720 kG/m
2
43
43
KHOA XY DNG
M-1g
M-1n
M-2n
M-2g
M-1g
M-2g
tnh theo s n hi,s dng bng tra cc h s.theo t l : r = L2/L1= 1,1
Tng ti trng trn sn:
P = q
b
. L1.L2 = 720.4,82.4,445 =15425 kG
M
1n
= m
1
.P = 0,0204. 15425= 314 kGm
M
2n
= m
2
.P = 0,0142. 15425= 219 KGm
1g
M
= k
1
. P = 0,0468.15425= 720 KGm
2g
M
= k
2
.P =0,0325. 15425= 501KGm
c. Tnh ct thp theo phng cnh ngn
Chn a = 2(cm) h
0
= 13 cm
+ Ct thp chu mmen dng:
A =
2
1
bho R
M
n
=
2
31400
130.100.13
= 0,014
= 0,5 [1 +
1 2 - A
] = 0,994
F
a
=
0
1
h R
M
a
=
31400
2300.0, 994.13
= 1,05 cm
2
Chn thp
8 a 200 c F
a
= 2,5 cm
2
=> % =
2, 5
.100
13.100
= 0,19%
+ Ct thp m:
A =
2
bho R
M
n
=
2
72000
130.100.13
= 0,033
= 0,5 [1 +
1 2 - A
] = 0,987
F
a
=
0
h R
M
a
=
72000
2300.0, 987.13
= 2,4 cm
2
=> % =
1, 58
.100
13.100
= 0,12%
Chn thp
8 a 150 c F
a
= 3.35 cm
2
=> % =
3, 35
.100
13.100
= 0,26%
44
44
KHOA XY DNG
d. Tnh ct thp theo phng cnh di
Theo phng cnh di ta c
Ct thp dng M
2
= 494,43 kGm < 625,06 = M
1

Ct thp m M
A2
= 625,06 kGm < 750 = M
A1

Thp theo phng cnh di t theo cu to
8 , a 200.
Thp chu mmen m gi t
8 a 150 c F
a
= 3.35 cm
2
IV. TNH TON CT THP THANG B
S liu tnh ton:
Btng cu thang mc : c Rn = 130kG/cm2 , Rk =10 kG/cm2
Thp AI c Ra= Ra =2300 kG/cm2
Thp gai AII c Ra= Ra =2800 kG/cm2
IV.1. Tnh ton bn chiu ngh :
kch thc 170 360 cm.
a) S tnh : hai cnh c t l 360/170 = 2,1 >2 nn c th xem bn lm vic theo
mt phng ( loi dm ).
Chiu dy bn chn : h
b
=12cm
Ct mt di bn rng 100cm theo phng cnh ngn. Tnh theo s dm n gin
chu ti phn b u. Nhp tnh ton : l = 170 cm.
b) Xc nh ni lc :
Ti trng : + Tnh ti : 439 kG/m2
+ Hot ti : 360 kG/m2
Ti trng ton phn : 439+360 = 799 kG/m2 (T/m)
M men ln nht gia nhp M = ql
2
/8 = 800 1.7
2
/8 = 289 (kG.m)
c) Tnh thp : Gi thit chiu dy lp bo v a = 1.5 cm, h
o
= 12 - 1.5 = 10.5 cm.
A =
2
0 n
M
R bh
=
2
28900
130 100 10, 5 x x
= 0.020 < A
0
= 0.3
45
45
KHOA XY DNG
= 0.5*(1 +
A 2 1
) = 0.5*(1 +
1 2 0.020 x
) = 0.990
F
a
=
0
. .
a
M
R h
=
28900
0.990 2300 10, 5 x x
= 1.21 (cm
2
)
=
0
bh
F
a
*100 =
1.21
100 10, 5 x
*100 = 0.12% >
min
=0.1%
Ct thp d < h
b
/10 = 120/10 =12 mm,
chn 8 c f
a
= 0.503 cm
2
. a =200 => Fa = 2,5cm2
thp phn b chn 6 c f
a
= 0.283 cm
2
. a =200 => Fa = 1,41cm2
IV .2. TNH TON BN THANG :
bn thang khng c limng kch thc 150 340 cm
a) S tnh :
p = 360 kG/m
3000
q = 711 kG/m
1
6
0
0
Chiu dy bn chn : h
b
= 12cm.
Gc nghing ca bn thang so vi phng ngang l vi tg = 160 / 300 = 0.533
= 28
0
cos = 0.882.
Do khng c cn thang, ct mt di bn rng 100cm theo phng cnh di. Bn lm
vic nh mt dm nghing n gin chu ti phn b u. Nhp tnh ton : l = 300 cm.
b) Xc nh ni lc :
- Ti trng :
+Tnh ti : q
tt
= 711 kG/m2
+ Hot ti : p = 360 kG/m2
M men ln nht gia nhp M =
2 2
. .
8.cos 8
q l p l
+
=
2 2
711.3 360.3
8.0, 882 8
+
= 1312 kG/m
c) Tnh thp : gi thit chiu dy lp bo v a = 2 cm ; h
o
= 12 - 2 = 10 cm.
A =
2
0
bh R
M
n
=
2
131200
130 100 10 x x
= 0.101 < A
0
= 0.3
= 0.5*(1 +
A 2 1
) = 0.5*(1 +
1 2 0.101 x
) = 0.947
46
46
KHOA XY DNG
F
a
=
0
. .
a
M
R h
=
131200
0.947 2300 10 x x
= 6,03 (cm
2
)
=
0
bh
F
a
*100 =
6, 03
100 10 x
*100 = 0.6 % >
min
=0.1%
Chn 12 a150 c F
a
= 6,28 cm
2
.
Ch bn gi ln dm thang t thp m cu to 10 a150 c F
a
= 6,28 cm
2
.
Theo phng cnh ngn , t ct thp theo cu to 6 a200. Fa = 1,41 cm2
IV .4. Tnh ton dm chiu ngh :
a) S tnh : dm n gin chu ti phn b u
3600
q
Kch thc dm : bxh = 200x400
b) Xc nh ni lc :
- Ti trng tc dng :
+ Trng lng bn thn : 1.1 0.2 0.4 2500 = 220 (kG /m)
+ T chiu ngh truyn vo : 0.5 800 1.7 = 680 (kG /m)
+T cc bn thang truyn vo : 0,5x (711/0.882 +360).3 =1739 kG/m
Vy ti phn b q = 220+680+1739 = 2594 (kG/m)
- M men ln nht xut hin gia nhp :
M
max
= ql
2
/8 = 2649x3,6
2
/8 = 4202 kGm
c) Tnh thp :gi thit a = 4 cm th h
o
= 40 - 4 = 36 cm.
- Ct dc : A =
2
0
bh R
M
n
=
2
420200
130 20 26
= 0.128 < A
0
= 0.412
= 0.5(1 +
A 2 1
) = 0.5(1 +
1 2 0.128
) = 0.932
F
a
=
0
. .
a
M
R h
=
420200
0.861 2800 26 x
= 4,6 (cm
2
)
=
0
bh
F
a
100 =
4.6
20 26 x
x100 = 0,64% >
min
=0.1%
Chn 316 (Fa = 6,032 cm
2
), t 212 pha trn theo cu to.
- Ct ai :
+ Lc ct ln nht :
: Q
max
= ql / 2=4202x3,6/2 =7563 kG
+ Kim tra iu kin hn ch : Q k
o
R
n
bh
o
47
47
KHOA XY DNG
Q
max
=2.12 T k
o
R
n
bh
o
= 0.35 130 20 26 = 23660 kG
Tho mn iu kin trnh ph hoi b tng do ng sut chnh gia cc vt nt nghing.
+ iu kin tnh ton : Q k
1
R
k
bh
o
Q
max
=7563 kG > k
1
R
k
bh
o
= 0.6 10 20 26 = 3120 kG
=> vt nt nghing hnh thnh nn phi tnh ton ct ai .
Lc phn b m ct ai phi chu q
:
q
=
2
2
0
8. . .
k
Q
R b h
=
2
2
7563
8.10.20.26
=55,9 kg/cm2
Chn ct ai 6 , 2 nhnh vi F
a
= 0.283cm2
+ Khong cch ct ai tnh ton U
11
= R
/q
= R
/q
U
tt
= 1800 2 0.283 / 55,9 = 19,26 cm
+ Khong cch ct ai theo cu to U
ct
= min (h/2 ; 150) mm = 150 mm =15cm
+ Khong cch U
max
= 1.5R
k
bh
o
2
/Q = 1.5 10 20 26
2
/7563 = 26,8 cm
Vy chn khong ct ai 6 a150 mm vi khong 900mm hai u dm , U min(3h/4
= 18cm ; 200cm ) = 200mm cho on gia dm cn li .
IV .5. Tnh ton dm chiu ti :
S tnh : nh dm chiu ngh.
kch thc tit din dm bxh = 20x40 cm
Cu to tng t dm chiu ngh
V. TNH TON NN MNG
V.1. IU KIN A CHT CNG TRNH, LA CHN GII PHP MNG
V.1. 1.iu kin a cht cng trnh
a cht cng trnh gm cc lp t sau:
Lp 1 : tng t lp dy 2.1 m = 1,75 T/m
3

Lp 2 : tng st pha do cng dy 9,7 m = 1,91 T/m
3
, =16
0
, N = 15
Lp 3 : tng st do mm dy 6 m = 1,81 T/m
3
, =8
0
, N = 9
Lp 4 : tng ct pha, cng dy 9 m = 1,89 T/m
3
, = 28
0
, N = 23
Lp 5 : tng ct ht trung,cht va , dy 12 m =1,90 T/m
3
, =30
0
, N = 35
Lp 6: tng cui si rt dy = 2 T/m
3
, = 40
0
, N = 69 , E = 4000 T/m2
48
48
KHOA XY DNG
= 1,90T/m3
= 69
= 4000 T/m2
lp cui si
= 40
= 2,0 T/m3
= 23
= 30
= 35
ct ht trung, cht va
lp ct pha, cng
= 28
= 1,89 T/m3
= 9
lp st do mm
= 1,81 T/m3
= 8
= 16
lp st do cng
= 15
= 1,91 T/m3
lp t lp
= 1,7 T/m3
(mtn)
Nhn xt:
V.1.2. Gii php mng cho cng trnh
Gii php mng cho cng trnh cla chn cn c vo tnh hnh a cht v
ti trng do ct truyn xung, cc cng trnh ln cn, iu kin kinh t ca ch u t.
Mng l phn ht sc quan trng i vi nh cng trnh. y l nh cao tng c
chiu cao hn 45m ,ti trng tc dng ti chn ct tng i ln, a cht yu, do ta
chn phng n mng cc i thp. C cc phng n sau :
1. Cc ng
2. Cc p
3. Cc khoan nhi
Ta la chn phng n cc khoan nhi da trn nhng phn tch sau :
* u , nhc im ca cc khoan nhi :
49
49
KHOA XY DNG
* u im :
- C th to ra nhng cc c ng knh ln , chiu su chn cc ln ,do sc chu
ti rt ln.
- Khi thi cng khng gy ra chn ng lm nguy hi n cc cng trnh ln cn.
- Khi cc lm vic khng gy ln nh hng ng k cho cc cng trnh ln cn.
- Qu trnh thc hin thi cng mng cc d dng thay i cc thng s ca cc
( chiu su, ng knh) p ng vi iu kin c th ca a cht di nh .
* Nhc im :
- Kh kim tra cht lng ca cc ;Thit b thi cng tng i phc tp ;Nhn lc
i hi c tay ngh cao
- Rt kh gi v sinh cng trng
*La chn phng n cc:
Xt v ti trng : cng trnh ny c ni lc chn ct tng i ln. V iu
kin mt bng, nu s dng cc ng hoc p th s lng cc s rt ln, kh b tr,
nht l ch mng i di chn ct trc B v C.
=> Do ta chn phng n cc khoan nhi.
V.1.3. Cc gi thuyt tnh ton, kim tra cc i thp :
-Sc chu ti ca cc trong mng c xc nh nh i vi cc n ng ring r, khng k n nh
hng ca nhm cc.
- Ti trng truyn ln cng trnh qua i cc ch truyn ln cc cc ch khng truyn
ln cc lp t nm gia cc cc ti mt tip xc vi i cc.
- Khi kim tra cng ca nn t v khi xc nh ln ca mng cc th coi
mng cc nh mt khi mng quy c bao gm cc, i cc v phn t gia cc cc.
- i cc xem nh tuyt i cng, cc c ngm cng vo i.
- Ti trng ngang hon ton do t t y i tr ln tip nhn.
V.2. TNH TON MNG CC NHI M1
Ti trng nguy him tc dng ti chn ct A( phn t 43) ly t bng t hp
N
max
= -570,17 T M
t
= 13,9 Tm Q
t
= 4,15 T
V.2.1. Chn su t i v cc kch thc c bn khc
+ D kin dng cc khoan nhi, ng knh D =1000mm,1200mm, b tng mc 300,
thp cc nhm AII.
+ Cc cm vo lp t 6 l lp cui si 2,5 m, n cao trnh 41,9 m.
+ Chiu cao i s b xc nh theo cng thc:
h
= (0,08 0,12).n
Vi n l s tng = 14 ta chn chiu cao i =1,7 m
+ Chn chiu su t i l 2,3m thp hn so vi ct t nhin.
V.2.2. Xc nh sc chu ti ca cc:
a, Theo vt liu lm cc:
50
50
KHOA XY DNG
B tng cc mc 300 c R
n
= 130 kG/cm
2
.
Thp cc nhm A
II
c R
a
= 2800 kG/cm
2
.
Sc chu ti ca cc nhi theo vt liu lm cc c xc nh theo cng thc
(13-TCXD195:1997):
T cng thc : P
vl
= R
u
.A +Fa.Ra
Vi :
A: din tch tit din cc, A=3,14.100
2
/4 = 7854 cm
2
Rn = min (
300
; 60
4, 5
) = 60 kG/cm2
Ra =min(
3000
; 2200
1, 5
) =2000 kG/cm2
D nh b tr ct thp trong cc :
Cc 1000 : 1822 c Fa=68,4cm
2
.
Cc 1200: 1222 c Fa=83,6cm
2
.
Sc chu ti ca mt s loi cc theo vt liu :
Loi cc Rn (kg/cm2) Fb (cm2)
Pvl
( T)
60 7854 471
60 11310 678
b, Sc chu ti ca cc theo t nn: Theo kt qu SPT
Cng thcMeyerhof :
Sc chu ti tnh ton : Qu

=
Qs Qc
Fs Fc
+
Trong :
Fs,Fc : h s an ton ly Fs =2, Fc = 2,6
Qs: sc chu ti cc hn ca cc do ma st bn cc vi t : Qs = K
1
. u
i
.l.
Ntb
Qc : sc chu ti cc hn ca cc n do lc chng: Qc = K
2
. A
p
.Nc
K
1
= 0,1( T/m2) h s ly vi cc khoan nhi
K
2
= 12( T/m2) h s ly vi cc khoan nhi
u
i
: chu vi cc l : chiu di cc
N
i
: ch s SPT trung bnh dc thn cc i
15.9,5+9.6+23.9+35.12+2,5.69
9,5+6+9 +12+2,5
s
tb
Nihi
N
hi

=25,5
Nc : ch s SPT trung bnh trong khong 1d di mi cc v 4d trn mi cc
Bng . Sc chu ti ca cc theo Meyerhof
51
51
KHOA XY DNG
Cc N F(m
2
) U(m) L(m) N
tb
Qc (T) Qs Qtt(T)
00 65 0.50 3,14 39 25,5 613 262 427
1200 60 0.79 3,77 39 25,5 814 315 574
BNG CHN LA SC CHU TI TNH TON CA CC THEO CC CNG
THC
Loi cc Pvl (T) P t nn(T) Ptt(T)
1000 471 427 427
1200 678 574 574
V.2.3. Xc nh kch thc i mng v s lng cc.
* Xc nh s lng cc cn thit :
+ S lng cc s b:

570,17
1, 2. 1.6
427
N
n
P

Ta chn s lng cc l 2 v b tr nh hnh v
Din tch i thc t :F = 2x4,8 = 9,6 m
2
+ Trng lng ca i v t trn i :
N
tt
= F.hm.tb = 1,1x9,6x(1,7x0.9+1,7x2,5) = 52 T
Lc dc tnh ton tc dng n y i :
N
tt
= N0
tt
+ N
tt
= 570,17 + 52 = 622 T
*Kim tra iu kin mng cc i thp
su t i phi t iu kin tnh ton theo s mng cc i thp :
h 0,7h
min
Trong : h- su ca y i.
52
52
KHOA XY DNG

min
.
m
Q
h
b
+ v - trng lng th tch t nhin ca t t y i tr ln v gc ma st

trong;
+ Q- tng ti trng ngang;
+ b - cnh ca y i theo phng thng gc vi tng lc ngang;
Vy :
min
4,15
1,16
1, 7.1,8
m
h m
H=2,3 m h
min
=> tho mn.
V.2.4. Kim tra sc chu ti cc.
Cng thc:
P
tt
min max,
=

t
2
max
.
i
tt
y
coc
tt
X
X M
n
N
=
2
622 13, 9.1, 5
2 1, 5 .2
t
=
315
306
T
T
Trng lng cc : Gcc = 1,1.2,5.3.14*1
2
.39/4 = 84,2 T
Kim tra ti trng mi cc :
P
max
+Gc = 315 +84 = 399 T <[P] =427 T
V P
min
= 306 T >0 nn khng phi kim tra cc chu nh.
=> Vy cc kh nng chu lc.
V.2.5.Tnh ln ca mng
* S tnh:
Tnh nh mng nng vi khi mng qui c c xc nh nh
hnh v
+ Gc m =
tb
/4
tb
=
16.9, 5 8.6 28.9 30.12 40.2, 5
23, 4
39
+ + + +
0
= 23,4/4 = 5,8
+ Din tch mng qui c:
A = a + 2.L.tg() = 4,8 + 2.39.tg(5,8) = 11,66 m
B = b + 2.L.tg() = 2 + 2.39.tg(5,8) = 9,46 m
+ Trng lng ring trung bnh ca cc lp t
tb
=
9, 5.1, 91 6.1,81 9.1,89 12.1, 9 2, 5.2
1, 9
39
+ + + +
T/m
3
)
+ ng sut gy ln:
53
b
a
b
n
L= 39 m
- 0,60 m
- 2,90 m
53
KHOA XY DNG
P
gl
=
0
.
tt
N
A B
+ (
m
-
tb
)h
m
-
1
.h
m
=
622
11, 66 9, 46
+ (2-1,9)x40,5 1,75x2,7 = 5,36
T/m
2
+ Phng php d bo ln:
Do lp t di mi cc l lp t tt nn dng phng php nn bin dng tuyn tnh
l thch hp .Vy ln:
S = P
gl
.b..(1-
2
)/E
Trong : P : ng sut gy ln P
gl
=5,2 T/m
2
b : b rng mng ; b = 9,46m
2
: h s ph thuc hnh dng kch thc y mng = 0,88
: h s poison =0,27
E : mun n hi E=4000 T/m
2
S =
( )
2
5, 36.0,88. 1 0, 27
3000
=0,014m=1,4 cm <
[ ]
gh
S
= 8cm
Vy mng m bo ln cho php.
V.2. 6. Kim tra bn i
* Kim tra chc thng ca ct
Cng thc tnh ton m thng ly theo CT - (5.47) sch Kt cu BTCT :
P
( ) ( )
1 2 2 1 c c o k
b c h c h R
1
]
+ + +
Trong :
P - lc m thng bng tng phn lc ca cc nm ngoi phm vi ca y thp
m thng .
b
c
, h
c
- kch thc tit din ct
h
o
- chiu cao hu ch ca i
c
1
, c
2
- khong cch trn mt bng t mp ct n mp ca y thp m thng
. C1 = C2 =75 cm
R
k
-cng tnh ton chu ko ca btng R
k
= 10 Kg/cm2 =100 T/m2
1
,
2
- h s c tnh theo cng thc :
2
1
1
1, 5 1
o
h
c
_
+

,
1 2
3, 35
VT=315+306 = 621 (T)
VP=
( ) ( ) 3, 35 0, 5 0, 67 3, 35 0,8 0, 67 1, 5.100 + + + 1
]
= 1153(T)
VT < VP : iu kin chc thng ca ct c tho mn.
* Kim tra chc thng cu cc gc
Cng thc tnh ton :
P
o tb k
h b R . 75 , 0
Trong : P- lc m thng bng phn lc ca cc
R
k
-cng tnh ton chu ko ca btng
h
o
- chiu cao hu ch ca i
54
54
KHOA XY DNG
b
tb
- gi tr trung bnh s hc ca chu vi pha trn v pha di thp m
thng
b
tb
=
1 (1 1, 35)
3,14 3,14 1.675
2
+ +

m
VT= 315 T
VP= 0,75x100x1,8x(3,14x1,675)x1,5 =592 T
Vy iu kin chc thng ca cc c tho mn.
*Kim tra bn theo tit din nghing
P .b.h
0
.R
k
P : tng phn lc tng ti cc nh cc nm gia mt phng ct qua mp ct hoc tr v mp i gn nht ,
P =315 T
= 0,7.
2 0
)
c
h
( 1+
c: khong cch t mp ct n mp hng cc ang xt
=> = 0,7.
2
0
0
)
h . 5 , 0
h
( 1+
= 1,57
VP = 1,57.1,8.1,5.100 = 381,5 T
P = 315 T < VP do vy i m bo khng b ph hoi trn tit din nghing.
V.2. 7. Tnh ton ct thp
* Ct thp i cc theo phng chu lc
Ti tit din 1-1
M = P
max
.r = 315.(1,5 0,5) = 343,2 Tm
Fa
1
=
5
0
343, 2.10
70, 7
0, 9. . 0, 9.3600.150
a
M
R h

cm
2

Chn 13 28 c Fa = 80,05 cm
2
, a = 150
* Ct thp i cc theo phng vung gc phng chu lc
Chn thp 2120, a = 200
V.3. TNH TON MNG CC M2
do 2 ct trc B v C rt gn nhau nn ta thit k mng i
Chn cp ni lc tnh ton
t bng t hp ni lc ta chn c 2 trng hp ti trng nguy him nh sau :
Trng hp Ct N(T) M(Tm) Q(T)
1
C 574,61 -7,77 -0.95
B 534,35 -14,87 -4,39
2
C 519,01 14,17 3,83
B 604,3 6,9 0,28
55
55
KHOA XY DNG
tm ti trng tnh ton, ta tin hnh quy i v hp lc t ti tm mng theo s
sau
N = N1 + N2
Q= Q1+ Q2
M= M1+M2+Qxh
+N1xL1-N2xL2
Cp s 1:
N
I
= 574,61+534,35 =1109 T
Q
I
= -0,95- 4,39 = -5,34T
M
I
= -7,77-14,87-5,34x1,5-(574,61- 534,35)x1,39 = -86,6 Tm
Cp s 2:
N
II
= 519,01+604,3 = 1123 T
Q
II
= 3,83+0,28 = 4,11 T
M
II
= 14,17+6,9+4,11x1,5-(519,01 604,3)x1,39 = 138,1 Tm
So snh gia hai cp trn d thy cp 2 nguy him hn nn ta dng cp ti trng
ny tnh
V.3.1 . Chn su t i v cc kch thc c bn khc
+Xt n nh hng ca mt bng d kin dng cc khoan nhi, ng knh
1200mm, b tng mc 300, thp i nhm AIII
+ Chiu cao i s b xc nh h
= 1,7 m
+ Chn chiu su t i l -2,3m thp hn so ct t nhin.
V.3.2. Xc nh sc chu ti ca cc:
Nh tnh ton trn
V.3. 3. Xc nh kch thc i mng v s lng cc.
* Xc nh s lng cc cn thit :
Xem xt n yu t mt bng b tr mng d nh dng cc D1200
+ S lng cc s b:
[ ]
1123
1, 2. 2, 4
554
N
n
P

Ta chn s lng cc l 3 v b tr nh hnh v
56
n1
M1
Q1
L1
Q2
M2
n2
L2=1390
2780
n
M
Q
56
KHOA XY DNG
Din tch i thc t : F = 2,4x9,4 = 22,56 m
2
+ Trng lng ca i v t trn i :
N
tt
= F.h.tb = 1,1.22,56.(1,7x1,2+2,5x1,7) = 156 T
Lc dc tnh ton tc dng n y i :
N
tt
= N0
tt
+ N
tt
= 1123 + 156 = 1279 T
*Kim tra iu kin mng cc i thp
su t i phi t iu kin tnh ton theo s mng cc i thp :
h 0,7h
min
Trong : h- su ca y i.

min
.
m
Q
h
b
4,11
0,8
1, 7.4, 0
m
chn h = 2,7m => tho mn.
V.3. 4. Kim tra sc chu ti cc.
Cng thc:
P
tt
min max,
=

t
2
max
.
i
tt
y
coc
tt
X
X M
n
N
=
2
1279 138,1.3, 6
3 3, 6 .2
t
=
445
407
T
T
Trng lng cc : Gcc = 1,1.2,5.3.14*1,2
2
.39/4 = 121 T
Kim tra ti trng mi cc :
P
max
+Gc = 445 +121=566 T <[P] =574 T
V P
min
= 407 T > 0 nn khng phi kim tra cc chu nh.
Vy cc kh nng chu lc.
V.3. 5.Tnh ln ca mng
* S tnh:
Tnh nh mng nng vi khi mng qui c c xc nh nh hnh v
+ Gc m =
tb
/4

tb
=
16.9, 5 8.6 28.9 30.12 40.2, 5
23, 4
39
+ + + +
0
= 23,4/4 = 5,8
+ Din tch mng qui c:
A = a + 2.L.tg() = 2,4 + 2.39.tg(5,8) = 10,32 m
B = b + 2.L.tg() = 8,4 + 2.39.tg(5,8) = 16,32 m
+ Trng lng ring trung bnh ca cc lp t

tb
=
9, 5.1, 91 6.1,81 9.1,89 12.1, 9 2, 5.2
1, 9
39
+ + + +
T/m
3
)
+ ng sut gy ln:
57
57
KHOA XY DNG
P
gl
=
0
.
tt
N
A B
+ (
m
-
tb
)h
m
-
1
.h
m
=
1279
10, 32 16, 32
+ (2-1,89)x40,5 1,7x2,7 = 7,89
T/m
2
+ Phng php d bo ln:
Do lp t di mi cc l lp t tt nn dng phng php nn bin dng tuyn tnh
l thch hp .Vy ln:
S = P
gl
.b..(1-
2
)/E
S =
( )
2
7,89.10, 32.0,88. 1 0, 27
4000

=0,018m=1,8 cm <
[ ]
gh
S
= 8cm
V.3. 6. KIM TRA BN I
* Kim tra ct chc thng i
Thp m thng nh hnh v
Cng thc tnh ton m thng ly theo CT - (5.47) sch Kt cu BTCT :
P
( ) ( )
1 2 2 1 c c o k
b c h c h R
1
]
+ + +
Trong :
P - lc m thng bng tng phn lc ca cc nm ngoi phm vi ca y thp
m thng .
b
c
, h
c
- kch thc tit din ct bc= 80cm, hc =50 cm
h
o
- chiu cao hu ch ca i ho =150 cm
c
1
, c
2
- khong cch trn mt bng t mp ct n mp ca y thp m thng
800 800
.
C1 =39 cm; C2 =95 cm
R
k
-cng tnh ton chu ko ca btng
R
k
= 10 Kg/cm2 =100 T/m2
1
,
2
- h s c tnh theo cng thc :
58
58
KHOA XY DNG
2
1
1
1, 5 1
o
h
c
_
+

,
V c1 < 0,5.ho = 75cm =>
1
3, 35

2
2
2
1, 5 1
o
h
c
_
+

,
= 2,8
VT= 426 +445 = 871 T
VP=
( ) ( ) 3, 35 0, 5 0, 95 2, 8. 0, 8 0, 39 1, 5.100 + + + 1
]
= 1228 T
VT < VP : iu kin chc thng ca ct c tho mn.
Vi ct cn li trong i cng tng t
*Kim tra bn theo tit din nghing
P .b.h
0
.R
k
P :tng phn lc ti cc nh cc nm gia mt phng ct qua mp cc v mp i gn nht
P = 445 T
= 0,7.
2 0
)
c
h
( 1+
c: khong cch t mp ct n mp hng cc ang xt c =121 cm
= 0,7.
2
1 ( )
ho
c
+
= 1,77
VP = 1,77.2,4.1,5.100 = 639 T
Kim tra : P =445 T< VP do vy i m bo khng b ph hoi trn tit din nghing.
V.3.7. Tnh ton ct thp
* Ct thp i pha di theo phng chu lc
Coi i cc oc ngm chn ct
Ti tit din 1-1
M = P
max
..r = 445.1,81 = 805 Tm
Fa
1
=
5
0
805.10
0, 9. . 0, 9.3600.15
a
M
R h

= 165,7cm
2

Chn 17 32 c Fa = 173,06 cm
2
, a = 100
* Ct thp i cc theo phng vung gc vi phng chu lc
Chn thp 44 20 , a = 200
* Tnh ton thp pha trn i
S tnh : Dm n gin chu lc tp trung cc v tr cc, gi ta l ct
59
59
KHOA XY DNG
2180 2840 2180
3600 3600
445 407 426
n v lc : T
BIU M MEN :
627
887 970
2180 1420 1420 2180
3600 3600
n v m men : T.m
Nhn xt : gia dm khng c m men i du, do thp pha trn i ch cn t
theo cu to.
V.4. THIT K CC I CC KHC V H GING I:
Tnh ton cc i cc khc cng c tin hnh trn nguyn tc tng t
H ging i cc c tc dng truyn lc ngang t i cc ny sang i cc khc,
gp phn iu chnh ln lch gia cc i cnh nhau, chu mt phn m men t ct
truyn xung, iu chnh nhng sai lch do thi cng cc, tng cng kh nng chng
chc thng ca i
Cao trnh mt trn ca ging c chn bng cao trnh mt trn ca i, l -1,2m.
H ging c b tr hai phng, c cu to nh cu kin chu un c ct thp pha
trn v pha di ging nhau.
Tit din ging mng: chn thng nht cho ton b mng : 600x1200
B tr mt bng mng v cu to chi tit mng xem bn v.
60
60
KHOA XY DNG
61
61
KHOA XY DNG
PHN 3
THI CNG
45%
GIO VIN HNG DN : NGUYN HNG MINH
MSSV : 509.48
LP : 48XD4
THUYT MINH PHN THI CNG
NHIM V
1. Lp bin php k thut thi cng phn ngm.
a) Cc khoan nhi
b) o t
c) Btng i ging
2. Lp bin php k thut thi cng phn thn.
3. Thit k tin .
4. Thit k tng mt bng.
5. An ton lao ng v v sinh mi trng .
CC BN V KM THEO:
1. TC 01 Thi cng cc khoan nhi .
2. TC 02 Thi cng i mng, ging mng .
3. TC 03 Thi cng phn thn: mt bng thi cng.
4. TC 04 Thi cng phn thn: vn khun thang b +thang my.
5. TC 05 Tin thi cng.
6. TC 06 Tng mt bng thi cng.
62
62
KHOA XY DNG
CHNG I
THIT K BIN PHP THI CNG PHN NGM
Ni dung ca cng tc thi cng phn ngm gm:
- Thi cng cc khoan nhi
- Thi cng t (o t v lp t h mng)
- Thi cng i ging v cc b ngm
I - THI CNG CC KHOAN NHI
I,1 Lp bin php thi cng cc khoan nhi
I,1,1. nh gi s b cng tc thi cng cc khoan nhi:
Trong nhng nm gn y, cng vi s pht trin cc cng trnh xy dng c
quy m ln, mng cc v c bit l mng cc khoan nhi ngy cng c dng nhiu
cho cc cng trnh cng nghip v nh cao tng. Mt khc, hu ht cc cng trnh xy
dng ln u nm trong thnh ph v cc vng cn , bn cnh cc cng trnh c sn.,
yu cu thi cng phi m du, khng gy n,rung ng nh hng n cc cng trnh
ln cn. Vic ng dng cng ngh cc khoan nhi p ng thu o cc yu cu
trn. Cc c th cm su xung 40 50 m. Sc chu ti ln ti hng trm tn, ng
knh cc t 0,6 1,5 m.
Vic thi cng cc khoan nhi c nhiu nt tng ng vi cu kin BTCT.Trong
qu trnh thi cng c th kim tra li iu kin a cht, d dng thay i cc thng s
ca cc nh chiu su, ng knh p ng yu cu cn thit ca a cht cng
trnh, tn dng ht kh nng chu lc ca mng.
Cng ngh thi cng i hi khng c mt s xut nh no ca dy truyn thi
cng. Chnh v vy khi thi cng cc khoan nhi cn phi c s gim st cht ch ca
cc k s c kinh nghim.
I,1,2. La chn bin php thi cng cc khoan nhi
Hin nay, c rt nhiu phng php thi cng cc khoan nhi, tu thuc vo nng
lc ca n v thi cng, iu kin a cht thu vn cng nh mt bng thi cng cng
trnh.
la chn c mt phng n thi cng cc khoan nhi ph hp, ta cn xem xt cc
vn sau:
- Phng php thi cng cc
- Bin php khoan to l
- Bin php gia thnh h khoan
- Bin php b tng
a. Phng php thi cng cc
-V cao trnh u cc khong su lm nn ta thi cng cc t cao trnh t t nhin sau
tin hnh o t, phng php ny c chiu su l khoan ln hn tuy nhin d dng
hn trong qu trnh thi cng cc
b. Bin php khoan to l
to l khoan, hin nay c ba phng php chnh:
63
63
KHOA XY DNG
- Khoan gung xon c tc khoan nhanh, li ct gn nhng khng nhc c mn
khoan. Do , phng php ny ch p dng cho t dnh, cng khng ln.
- Khoan nghin: my khoan gm hai bnh rng quay ngc chiu nhau nghin t,
sau nc c bm vo to thnh bn v vn chuyn ln mt t. Phng php
ny c u im l trong qu trnh khoan khng cn nhc mi khoan ln, thng p
dng cho t cng.
- Khoan gu o: ct c t bn chy, ngoi ra cn c th dng vt y h trc
khi khoan. Hnh v bn trnh by cu to ca gu o.
Cn c vo iu kin a cht cng trnh, la chn phng n to l bng khoan gu
o.
c. Bin php gi thnh h khoan
C hai bin php chnh gi thnh h khoan:
- Dng ng vch (b dy 15 20mm vi ng bng thp; 14 20cm vi ng bng b
tng). Phng php ny c cht lng cao tuy nhin phi s dng thm nhiu my mc
trong thi cng, gi thnh cao nn ch ph hp vi cc khu vc c nc ngm hay a
hnh nhiu lp qu nho.
- Phng php dng bn bentonite phng php ny cht lng khng cao bng
phng php trc tuy nhin gi thnh r v trong cc iu kin a cht khng qu
phc tp vn m bo cht lng ca h khoan.
Cn c vo iu kin a cht thu vn, la chn phng n dng dung dch bn
bentonite gia thnh h khoan.
d. Bin php vn chuyn v b tng
Ta la chn mt trong hai phng php sau:
- Vn chuyn b tng thng phm bng xe chuyn dng v b tng trc tip vo
h khoan.
- Vn chuyn b tng thng phm bng xe chuyn dng v b tng cc bng bm
b tng.
Cn c vo mt bng cng trnh, s b tr cc v iu kin giao thng trong v
ngoi cng trng, la chn phng n vn chuyn b tng thng phm v b
tng bng xe b tng.
Kt lun
T cc phn tch trn cng vi s ng dng thc t v mc c mt thc t
cng ngh trn th trng Vit Nam hin nay ta chn phng php thi cng to l bng
gu xoay kt hp vi dung dch va st Bentonit gi vch h khoan l kh thi hn c .
I,1,3. CC BC TIN HNH THI CNG CC KHOAN NHI
Tun t thi cng tun theo cc bc sau:
+ Cng tc chun b
+ nh v tim cc v i cc.
+ H ng vch.
+ Khoan to l.
+ Vt y h khoan.
+ Lp t lng thp.
+ Lp t ng b tng.
+ Thi ra h khoan.
+ b tng.
64
64
KHOA XY DNG
+ Rt ng vch.
+ Kim tra cht lng cc.

QUY TRNH THI CNG CC KHOAN NHI
65
65
KHOA XY DNG
I. 2- K THUT THI CNG CC KHOAN NHI
I. 2,1-Cng tc chun b:
I. 2 1.1 Chun b chung :
c th thc hin vic thi cng cc nhi t kt qu tt t nh hng n mi
trng xung quanh , m bo cht lng cc cng nh tin thi cng , nht tit phi
thc hin cng tc chun b . Cng tc chun cng cn thn chu o th qu trnh thi
cng cng t gp vng mc do m bo tin .
Cn thc hin nghim chnh k lng cc khu chun b sau :
Gim ting n : do cng trnh xa khu vc dn c nn yu cu chng n
khng cao, tuy nhin cng nn tm cch hn ch ting n, m bo v sinh mi
trng v sc kho ngi lao ng.
Cp in : m bo lng in cn thit cho qu trnh thi cng th phi
tnh ton cn thn , ng in phi c b tr sao cho thun li thi cng nht
. phng hin tng mt in in li nht thit phi c my pht in d
phng
Cp nc : Thi cng cc khoan nhi cn mt lng mt nc rt ln , nn
phi nht thit phi chun b y lng nc cp v thit b cp nc ,
thng th phi c b d tr nc v ging khoan cung cp y lng
nc theo yu cu .
Thot nc : Lng nc thot ra trong qu trnh thi cng cc khoan nhi
thng ln trong bn t v vy phi qua s l th mi c thi vo h
thng thot nc thnh ph
X l cc vt kin trc ngm :
I. 2.1.2 nh v cng trnh:
y l mt cng tc ht sc quan trng v cng trnh phi xc nh v tr ca cc
trc, tim ca ton cng trng v v tr chnh xc ca cc giao im, ca cc trc
trn c s v h s thit k ta xc nh v tr tim ct ca tng cc.
*. Trnh t cc bc:
+ Xc nh im ca cng trnh (thng l gc ca cng trnh) v mt tng
ca cng trnh.
+ Xc nh gc cn li ca cng trnh bng my (kinh v hoc thu bnh). t
vng ti im mc A ly hng gc A c nh v m mt gc bng .
+ Ngm v hng im C, c nh hng v o khong cch A, theo hng xc
nh ca my ta s xc nh chnh xc im C. t my im C, ngm v B c inh
hng v m mt gc , xc nh im D bng cch o chiu di on CD theo hng
nh. C tip tc nh vy ta s hon thnh c cng tc nh v cng trnh trn mt
bng xy dng.
Sai s theo ISO 7976 1: 1989 (E): o bng my kinh v v thc o thp,
chiu di cn o 20 30 m l t 15 mm.
I. 2,1.3. Gic mng
Tin hnh ng thi vi qu trnh nh v cng trnh, t im C o v im D 6
im, mi on dy 6,3 m. T D o v E 5 on mi on di 8,4 m. Cc on EF,
FC cng lm tng t. Xc nh chnh xc giao im ca cc trc.
I. 2,1.4. Xc nh tim cc
Cn c vo cc trc xc nh khi khi gic vung ta tin hnh nh v cc tim
cc bng phng php hnh hc n gin.
66
66
KHOA XY DNG
i vi cc dy cc bin dch chuyn qua li 2 bn trc nh v mt khong 1,5
m theo c hai phng trc. i vi cc trc gia c chuyn sang hai bn trc nh v
ca hai phng mt on 2,15 m.
*Ch : Mc gi rt c th b tht lc nn nh du gi vo cc cng trnh ln cn
nu c th.
I. 2. 1.5. Kim tra cng tc chun b
Kim tra v tr h khoan, thit b phc v thi cng, kh nng lm vic ca my
mc, h thng cung cp nc, in, thot nc, nguyn vt liu
I.2.2. Thi cng cc nhi
Khi cng tc chun b hon tt, ta tin hnh thi cng cc khoan nhi. Trnh
t tin hnh nh sau:
H ng vch.
Khoan to l.
No vt h khoan.
H lng thp.
H ng Tramie.
Thi ra.
b tng.
Rt ng vch.
Kim tra cht lng cc.
C th nh sau:
a. H ng vch Casine:
* Tc dng ca ng vch:
- nh v v dn hng cho my khoan
- Gi cho phn vch khoan trn khng b sp lt.
- Ngn khng cho lp t trn chui vo h khoan.
* Cu to ca ng vch:
- ng thp dy 15 mm, c ng knh trong 1 m.
- Chiu di ng l 6 m.
* H ng vch Casine:
Sau khi nh xong v tr ca cc thng qua ng vch, qu trnh h mang ng
vch c thc hin nh thit b rung ICE 416.
Khi h ng vch u tin, thi gian rung n su 5,4 m u tin l 10 pht,
qu trnh rung s nh hng n khu vc ln cn.
khc phc hin tng trn trc khi h ng vch ta dng my o thu lc
o sn mt h ti v tr h cc (Vi chiu su t 1m 3m) vi mc ch bc b lp
t mt gim thi gian rung.
Sau khi thc hin cng on trn th thi gian rung xung cn 2 3 pht. Sau
lp t tr li mt bng h khoan.
Trong qu trnh h ng vch, vic kim tra thng ng ca n c thc hin
lin tc bng cch iu chnh v tr ca ba rung thng qua cu, ng vch c cm
xung su, nh cch mt t 0,6 m. gi cho ng vch khng b tt sung di
th pha trn ca ng chng phi hn thm cc thanh thp hnh ch U v thanh chng
xin c hn vo thnh ng chng .
* Rung h ng Casine:
67
67
KHOA XY DNG
T hai mc kim tra trc chnh cho ng Casine vo ng tim. Th phanh cho
ng vch cm vo t sau phanh gi li. t hai qu ri vung gc vi nhau, ngm
kim tra thng ng, cho ba rung ch nh, th phanh t t cho vch i xung,
vch c th b nghing, x dch ngang. Dng cu li cho vch thng ng v i ht
on dn hng 2,5 cm.
Lc ny tng cho my hot ng ch nhanh, th chng cp Casine i
xung vi tc ln nht. Vch c h xung khi nh cch mt t 0,6 m th dng
li.
Sau khi h ng hn thp chng tt ng v chng nghing theo TCVN 2737
95 th sai s ca hai ng tm theo hai phng l < 30 mm.
Cc thng s ca my rung ICE 416.
Ch
vng s
Tc ng
c (V/P)
p sut h kp
(Bar)
p sut h
trung (Bar)
p sut h
bi (Bar)
Lc
li
tm
Nh
1800 300 100 10 50
Mnh 2150 2200 300 100 18 54
Ba rung h ng vch tm l ba rung thu lc bn qu lch tm, tng cp
hai qu xoay ngc chiu nhau gim chn bng cao su. Ba do hng ICE ch to vi
cc thng s k thut sau: My ICE 416.
M men lch tm: 23 kg.m.
Lc li tm ln nht: 645 KN.
S qu lch tm: 4 qu.
Tn s rung: 1680 800 vng/pht.
Bin rung ln nht: 13,1 mm.
Lc kp 1000 KN.
Cng xut my rung: 188 KN.
Lu lng du cc i: 340 l/pht.
p sut cc i: 350 Bar.
Trng lng on u rung: 5950 kg.
Kch thc ph b:
Di: 2310 mm.
Rng: 480 mm.
Cao: 2570 mm.
Trm bm c dng Diesen: 220 KW.
Tc : 2200 vng/pht
+ Thit b cp nc:
Gm hai my cng sut 5, 5 KW vi cng 1 m
3
/pht trong ch s dng mt
my, cn my kia d phng. Lng nc ly t ngun cung cp nc chung ca thnh
ph. ng ng dn nc n my bm c ng knh 25, vi lng nc 0,08
m
3
/pht. Ngoi ra ra ng chng v ng dn b tng c ng ng cp nc ng
knh 25. Xc nh dung lng b lng: k n nhn t r r v lng ng th
dung tch phi bng 1,5 th tch ca h khoan.
+ Thit b in: Cc thit b in v in lng ghi bng sau:
68
68
KHOA XY DNG
My hn in 2 my 10 KWA Dng hn rng thp ni thp
My trn Bentonit
Bm nc 2 my 5,5 KW Dng cp nc x l bn, ra vt liu
M t in 1 my 100 KW
My nn kh 7m
3
/pht Dng thi ra
Ba rung chn ng 30 KW Dng ng ng gi thnh
n pha 3 KW Chiu sng
b. Khoan to l
+ Khoan lng vch Casinc:
Qu trnh ny thc hin sau khi t ng vch tm.
Khoan n su n su > 4m th bt u bm.
Cn khoan c dng ng ten c th ko n su cn thit.
Khoan trong h vi dung dch Bentonit.
Bentonit l loi va st thin nhin, khi ho tan vo nc s to ra dung dch c
tnh ng hng. Khi mt h o c y dung dch Bentonit, p lc ca nc
ngm lm cho dung dch Bentonit c xu hng r r ra t xung quanh, nhng nh c
cc ht st l lng trong nn qu trnh r r nhanh chng dng li, hnh thnh mt
lp vch bao quanh h o. Di p lc thu tnh ca Bentonit trong h khoan m
thnh h c gi n nh. Do thnh h khoan khng b st l, m bo cho qu
trnh thi cng.
Khi khoan qua chiu su ca vch chng tm, vic gi thnh h khoan nh vo
dung dch va st Bentonit, phi tun th cht ch k thut khoan m bo mc ti
thiu kh nng sp thnh vch h khoan.
Quy trnh khoan c th chia thnh cc thao tc sau:
a) Cng tc chun b:
- a my khoan vo v tr thi cng, iu chnh cho my thng bng, thng ng.
Trong qu trnh thi cng c hai my kinh v kim tra thng ng ca cn
khoan
- Kim tra lng dung dch Bentnite, ng cp Bentnite, ng thu hi dung
dch Bentnite, my bm bn, my lc, cc my d phng v t thm ng bao
tng cao trnh v p lc ca dung dch Bentnite nu cn thit.
b) Cng tc khoan :
- Cng tc khoan c bt u khi thc hin xong cc cng vic chun b.
Cng tc khoan c thc hin bng my khoan xoay.
- Dng thng khoan ly t trong h khoan i vi khu vc a cht khng
phc tp. nu ti v tr khoan gp d vt hoc khi xung lp cui si th thay i mi
khoan cho ph hp.
- H mi khoan vo ng tm cc, kim tra v cho my hot ng.
- i vi t ct, ct pha tc quay gu khoan 20 30 vng/pht, i vi t st,
st pha: 20 22 vng/ pht. Khi gu khoan y t, gu s c ko ln t t vi tc
0,3 0,5 m/s m bo khng gy ra hiu ng Pistng lm sp thnh h khoan.
Trong qu trnh khoan cn theo di, iu chnh cn khoan lun v tr thng ng,
nghing ca h khoan khng c vt qa 1% chiu di cc.
- Khi khoan qu chiu su ng vch, thnh h khoan s do dung dch Bentnite
gi. Do vy phi cung cp dung dch Bentnite to thnh p lc d gi thnh h
69
69
KHOA XY DNG
khoan khng b sp, cao trnh dung dch Bentnite phi cao hn cao trnh mc nc
ngm 1 1,5 m.
- Qu trnh khoan c lp i lp li ti khi t chiu su thit k. Chiu su
khoan c th c tnh qua chiu di cn khoan v mu t khoan ln. Khi khoan su
vo lp cui si 2,5 m th c th kt thc vic khoan l. xc nh chnh xc ta dng
qu di thp ng knh 5 cm buc vo u thc dy th xung y o chiu su
h khoan
c) Thi ra, no vt h khoan:
- Qu trnh khoan khng th a ht t ra khi l khoan, nht l khi thay cc mi
khoan ph cc lp t cng. Do , cn thi ra h khoan.
- Dng p lc my nn kh thi mnh vo y h khoan t lng y trn
u vo dung dch Bentonite, kt hp bm p lc dung dch Bentonite vo y l
khoan y dung dch ln t ra ngoi. Trong qu trnh , kim tra lng t
trong dung dch a ra cho n khi t hm lng yu cu th dng li.
- Tin hnh kim tra li chiu su h khoan, lng bn t cn ng li y l trc
khi tin hnh bc tip theo.
- Ch : Trong qu trnh khoan to l, cn ghi chp y cc s liu, c th km
theo chp hnh cc lp t, chiu su h khoan... lm s liu cho vic kim tra, kim
nh, bn giao cng nh lm c s cho cc h s sau ny.
*Tin hnh khoan:
Khong cch gia hai cc l > 3d = 3m, khoan trc ba l kim tra.
+Yu cu i vi hai l khoan cnh nhau.
Hai h khoan cnh nhau phi khoan cch nhau 14 ngy v 5d khi nh hng n
b tng cc.
*Chn mi khoan:
V tng di cng l ct ht th ln cui si nn ta chn hai mi khoan. Dng
mi khoan ISHIKAWA .
*Bentonit:
Va st Bentonit phi c cung cp vo h khoan lin tc m bo cao hn
mc nc ngm t 2m tr ln. Tc l dung dch va st Bentonit phi cung cp vo h
khoan thp nht l -6m so vi ct thin nhin. (MNN c ct l -8m)
*Yu cu i vi dung dch va st Bentonit:
Dung trng: 1,01 1,05 (tr trng hp c bn nng).
nht ln nht trn 35 giy.
Khng c hm lng ct.
tch nc nh hn 30 cm
3
.
dy lp vch do nh hn 3mm.
Dung dich Bentonit c ly tn theo t, a v b cha thu hi. Khi t y
gu th rt cn khoan ln vi tc hn ch 0,5m/giy trnh hiu ng Piton gy sp
thnh h.
Khi t n su thit k dng 30 pht, h thc dy o su h khoan vi
mc ch kim tra chiu dy lp mn khoan di y h khoan.
*Cu to thc dy:
u dy buc mt qu thp nng 1kg.
Dy c lm bng cht liu bn nhanh kh t thm nc, vch c
chia n n v cm, nh du r rng.
70
70
KHOA XY DNG
*H khoan t tiu chun:
ng ng knh
ng chiu su thit k:
nghing h khoan (1%)
c. No vt h khoan:
Lp mn khoan c kh nng nh hng n kh nng lm vic ca cc. V vy
khi kim tra su h khoan cn xc nh chiu su lp mn khoan cn no vt.
Dng gu hnh tr c ch lm vic gn ging nh gu ngom my xc lp
vo my khoan no vt. Nhng cng vic tip theo ca thi cng cc nhi ch c
php tip tc khi su h khoan t n su thit k. (o bng thc dy)
d. H lng thp:
+ Gia cng ct thp :
- Ct thp c s dng ng chng loi, mu m quy nh trong thit k c
ph duyt. Ct thp phi c chng ch ca nh my sn xut v kt qu th
nghim t phng th nghim c t cch php nhn.
- Ct thp c cu to thnh lng vi 3 lng c chiu di 11,7m , 1 lng c chiu
di 7,9m bao gm :
* Ct dc l 22 thp AII
* Ct ai l 10 thp AI . c buc vi khong
cch a300 ti on gia (chiu di 9,7m ), on ni
gia hai lng l a100 (chiu di 0,9m >30d = 0,66m)
*Lng thp c gia cng bng cc ai gia
cng 16 v khong cch t l 2m . Dng cc bnh
xe c bn knh 7cm lng vo thp ai v c c nh
di ng ngang m bo khong bo v ct thp l
7cm
+ Ni tng on lng thp :
Sau khi kin tra thy lp bn , ct lng di y h
khoan khng qu 10 cm th tin hnh h, lp t ct
thp. Ct thp c h xung tng lng mt .
Dng cn trc h tng on lng thp vo h
khoan. Ly hai thanh thp bc ngang ln vch
Casine gi lng thp. Kim tra thy cha
thng c th k m cho lng vo v tr thng
ng.
Chi tit nh v (ming m) lng thp l mt
thanh thp dt c kch thcvi khong cch
3m b tr bn ci u trn cng mt mt ct.
H lng thp tip theo, cn chnh cho thng v tin hnh ni hai on lng li. Ni
xong lng ny li tip tc thao tc c ni on lng khc.
+H lng thp:
Lng thp phi c h t t, trnh va vo thnh gy st l h khoan.
lng thp t ng thit k dng ba thanh 18 (A
II
) t cch u
theo chu vi lng thp. u di hn vo ct ch, u trn hn vo
ng vch sau khi b tng th ct.
71
cu ang h lng thp s 1
cc s 1
71
KHOA XY DNG
trnh hin tng y ni ca lng thp ta t ba thanh thp g hn
vo ng vch.
Bng thng k vt liu thp cho mt cc nhi:
TT Tn vt liu thp Loi thp Gi tr
1 Ct dc A
II
22 24
2 Ct ai A
I
10 52
3 Ct to khung A
III
Thp bn 5
e. H ng Tremic:
ng Tremic c tc dng thi ra h khoan v b tng sau ny, mi on ng
di 3m c ni vi nhau bng cc ren vung. y ng cui cng hnh vt, ng knh
ng l 254mm. Nh vy dng 15 on ng Tremic cho mi on, on trn cng lm
le ra t vo tm thp k bc ngang qua ming vch casinc.
f. Thi ra:
Th ng dn kh xung cch y h khoan t 1 n 1,5m th thi nn kh vo
vi p lc 6 8kg/cm
2

Bentonit, kh, mn khoan c y ra ngoi qua mt ng 150 dn v my lc
thu hi Bentonit.
Trong qu trnh thi ra Bentonit phi c cung cp bo m lng Bentonit
trong h khoan phi thay i.
Thi gian thi ra t 20 30 pht, c th nhanh hn hay ko di hn.
Kt thc thi ra khi:
+ t c su thit k.
+ Dung dich Brntonit t:
- Dung trng 1,2 g/cm
3
- nht 35 90 s
- tch nc nh hn 40 cm
3
g. b tng
- Sau khi thi ra h khoan cn tin hnh b tng ngay v lu bn t s tip
tc lng. B tng cc dng b tng thng phm c st: 17 t 2 cm. b tng
cc tin hnh nh sau:
+ t mt qu cu xp (hoc nt bc) c ng knh bng ng knh trong
ca ng , nt ngay u trn ca ng ngn cch b tng v dung dch
Bentnite trong ng , sau ny nt bc s ni ln v c thu hi.
+ b tng vo y phu, ct si giy thp treo nt, b tng y nt bc
xung v trn vo y l khoan.
+ Trong qu trnh b tng ng b tng c rt dn ln bng cch ct dn
tng on ng sao cho m bo u ng lun ngp trong b tng ti thiu l 2
m. trnh hin tng tc ng cho php nng ln h xung ng b tng trong
h khoan nhng phi m bo u ng lun ngp trong b tng.
+ Tc cung cp b tng phu cng phi c gi iu , ph hp vi vn
tc di chuyn trong ng. Khng nhanh qu gy trn ra ngoi, chm qu cng gy
nhiu hu qu xu, dng b tng c th b gin on.
+ Khi b tng vo h khoan th dung dch Bentnite s tro ra l khoan, do
phi thu hi Bentnite lin tc sao cho dung dch khng chy ra quanh ch thi
72
72
KHOA XY DNG
cng. Tc thu hi dung dch cng phi ph hp vi tc cp b tng. Nu thu
hi chm qu dung dch s trn ra ngoi, Nu thu hi nhanh qua th p lc gi thnh
b gim gy ra sp vch h khoan.
- Qu trnh b tng c khng ch trong vng 4 gi. kt thc qu trnh
b tng cn xc nh cao trnh cui cng ca b tng. Do phn trn ca b tng
thng ln vo bn t nn cht lng xu cn p b sau ny cho nn cn xc nh
cao trnh tht ca b tng cht lng tt tr i khong 0,8 - 1 m pha trn. Ngoi ra
phi tnh ton ti vic khi rt ng vch b tng s b tt xung do ng knh ng
vch to hn l khoan. Nu b tng cc cui cng thp hn cao trnh thit k phi
tin hnh ni cc. Ngc li, nu cao hn qu nhiu dn ti p b nhiu gy tn
km do vic ngng b tng do nh thu xut v gim st hin trng chp
nhn.
- Kt thc b tng th ng c rt ra khi cc, cc on ng c ra
sch xp vo ni quy nh.
h. Rt ng vch:
- Cc gi , sn cng tc, neo ct thp vo ng vch c tho ng vch c
ko t t ln bng cn cu, phi m bo ng vch c ko thng ng trnh x
dch tim u cc, gn thit b rung vo thnh ng vch vic rt ng c d
dng, khng gy tht c chai cui ng vch.
- Sau khi rt ng vch, tin hnh lp ct ln h khoan, lp h thu Bentnite, to mt
bng phng, ro chn bo v cc. Khng c gy rung ng trong vng xung
quanh cc, khng khoan cc khc trong vng 24 gi k t khi kt thc b tng
cc trong phm vi 5 ln ng knh cc (4m).
I.3. KIM TRA CC KHOAN NHI
*Kim tra khi thi cng : Khi thi cng khng m bo yu cu k thut cc s
khng t c kh nng chu ti nh thit k . Hin nay cha c gii php no khc
phc nhng khuyt tt ca cc nhi, hoc nu c th chi ph qu cao . trnh hin
tng ny ta phi tun th cht ch cc yu cu k thut trong tng cng on thi cng
cc nhi .
* Kim tra ng knh v chiu su h o :
+ ng knh h o o bng cnh quay 3 cnh
+ Chiu su o bng thc dy
+ nghing <1% chiu su cc.
* Kim tra lng thp:
+ ng knh lng thp
+ Chng loi thp A
I
, A
II
, A
III
+ S lng cc loi thp
+ Hn , buc lng thp
* Kim tra dung dch Bentonit :
+ Dung trng 1,01 -> 1,05
+ nht > 35s
+ Khng c hm lng ct
+ tch nc 3 cm
3
+ dy vch do < 3 mm
*Kim tra b tng :
73
73
KHOA XY DNG
+ st 17 t 1 cm
+ Thnh phn ct liu khng ln hn :
1/4 ng knh ng thp
1/4 khong cch cc thanh thp
1/2 lp bo v .
*Ngoi nhng bc kim tra nguyn vt liu trn , trong qu trnh thao tc cc
cng on thi cng cc nhi cn ch :
+ y cn bn lng ng
+ Rt ng nhanh
+ nghing cc qu mc cho php
+ Sn cng tc phi chc chn,2 na vnh khuyn gi ng vch phi m
bo
+ ng phu b tng phi chc chn , lng ng trn nhn , phu v nt
phi m bo chc nng ca chng
I.4 - T CHC THI CNG CC KHOAN NHI
I.4.1. Cc thng s ca qu trnh thi cng
I.4.1.1. Cc thng s v cc
Bng 1: Phn loi cc
K hiu
ng knh
(mm)
Ct mi
cc (m)
Ct nh
cc (m)
Sc chu
ti (Tn)
S lng
cc
D1200 1200 -41.9 - 1,9 574 26
D1000 1000 -41,9 -1,9 427 43
Tng 69
Di y, ta s tnh cc thng s v vt liu, thi gian thi cng v nhn cng cho mt
cc in hnh l cc D1000
- Chiu su h khoan: L
Khoan
= 41,3m
- Th tch t khoan:
V
1000
=.V
dat
=1,2.41,3.(
D
2
/4)=40,2(m
3
)
- Th tch b tng: c k n s gia tng btng do trong qu trnh thi cng cc b
phnh ra , lng b tng ny ly bng 15% lng b tng cc.
V
1000
= 1,15. .R
2
.L = 1,15. 3,1416 .0,5
2
. 39= 37,50m
3
- Khi lng thp:
Tng khi lng thp cho mt cc : V
thp
= 3,2 Tn/cc
Cc cng tc chnh hon thnh mt cc khoan nhi , khi lng, nh mc theo nh
mc d ton xy dng c bn, s nhn cng v my thi cng nh sau.
Bng 2: Nhn cng v my thi cng cho mt cc khoan nhi D1000
Tn cng tc
n
v
Khi
lng
nh
mc
S cng
nh
mc
my
My thi
cng
Nhn
cng
Khoan to l m
3
40,2 2,31 101,64 0,028 1,232 10
Bm dung dch m
3
37,5 0,58 21,112 0,05 1,82 3
Gia cng lng Tn 3,2 10,8 34,56 0,16 0,512 5
74
74
KHOA XY DNG
thp
b tng m
3
37,5 1,1 40,04 0,035 1,19 5
75
75
KHOA XY DNG
Nh vy, hon thnh 01 cc D1000 trong mt ngy cn s lng nhn cng v my
thi cng chnh nh sau:
- 25 cng nhn
- 01 my khoan to l
- 01 cn cu 40Tn
- 01 my ct, un thp
- 02 my trn, my bm dung dch betonite
I.4.1.2 .Tnh thi gian thi cng cho 1 cc:
_ Lp mi khoan, di chuyn my: 20 pht.
_ nh v tim cc : 15 pht
_ Thi gian o mi v thi gian h ng vch ng thi cn chnh ng vch 30 pht
_ Sau khi h ng vch, ta tip tc khoan su xung 41,3 m k t mt t t nhin.
+nng sut ca my khoan l:15m
3
/h
+khi lng l khoan cho cc 1000: 40,2m
3
Do thi gian cn thit : 41,47/15=2,765h=170pht.
_Kim tra cao y: 10 pht
_ Ch lng : 45 pht
-thi gian lm sch h khoan ln 1: 15 pht.
-thi gian h lng ct thp : 60 pht.
-Thi gian lp ng dn: (45-60) pht.
-Thi gian thi ra ln 2: 30 pht.
_Kim tra cao y: 15 pht
-Thi gian btng cc 1000: 36,40 / 0,6=60 pht.
Ngoi ra ang cn thi gian chun b, kim tra, ct ng dn, do vy ly thi gian BT
l 120 pht.
Thi gian rt ng vch: 20 pht.
_Lp ct h cc : 20 pht
Vy thi gian thi cng 1 cc:
T= 20+35+170+15+120+45+30+120+20=575 pht=9,75gi
Mi ngy my khoan khoan c 1 cc , c hai my khoan vy mi ngy khoan c 2
cc . C 69 cc ,tr hai cc thi cng trc lm th
nghim, vy lm trong 38 ngy k c s ngy gin
on k thut.
I.4.2. CHN MY THI CNG
I.4.2.1 Chn my khoan
Cc thit b thi cng s dng trong qu trnh thi cng
cc khoan nhi gm: my khoan, cn trc, my un
thp, my ct thp, my hn, my bm trong
my khoan l thit b chnh. phc v qu trnh thi
cng cc, ta chn hai my khoan hiu
KH100(Hitachi) vi cc thng s nh sau:
- Chiu di gi khoan (m) : 19
- ng knh l khoan (mm): 600 - 1500
- Chiu su khoan (m) : 40-45m
76
my khoan cc nhi kh-100
KH-100
Momen khoan max 49 KNm
Lc nng gu max 123.6 KN
Tc di chuyn 18 Km/h
p lc ln t 0,077 (MPA)
Trng lng cng tc 36,8 T Chiu su khoan max 43 m
Chiu di gi 19m
3
11
1
10
12
4
5
2
8
9
7
6
76
KHOA XY DNG
- Tc quay ca my (vng/pht) : 24 - 12
- Mmen quay (kN.m) : 40 - 51
-Trng lng my (Tn) : 36,8T
- p lc ln t (MPa) :0,077 Tn
Vy, vi thng s nh trn hai my khoan p ng c yu cu ca l khoan.
I.4.2.2. Chn t vn chuyn:
Khi lng btng 1 cc:V=37,5m
3
, do ta chn t vn chuyn m hiu: SB 92B
c cc thng s k thut sau:
c trng SB-92B
-Dung tch thng trn
-t c s
-Dung tch thng nc
-cng sut ng c
-Tc quay thng trn
- cao vt liu vo
-Thi gian btng ra
-Trng lng xe (c btng)
-Vn tc trung bnh
6m
3
KAMAZ-5511
0,75m
3
40KW
(9-14,5) pht
3,5m
10 pht
21,85 tn
30 Km/h
Tc btng: 0,6m
3
/pht
Do thi gian xong btng 1 xe : t=6/0,6=10 pht.
Vy m bo btng lin tc, ta dng 6 xe i cch nhau 5-10 pht.
I.4.2.3. Chn my xc t:
xc t ln thng xe vn chuyn t khi khoan l cc, ta dng my xc gu
nghch dn ng thu lc loi: EO-3322B1, c cc thng s k thut sau:
c trng EO-3322B1
-dung tch gu
-Bn knh lm vic
-Chiu cao nng gu
-Chiu su h o
-Trng lng my
-Chiu rng
-Chiu cao my
0,5m
3
Rmax=7,5m
Hmax=4,8m
Hmax1=4,2m
14,5T
2,7m
3,84m
I.4.2.4. Chn xe t chuyn t:
Mt ngy (1 ca), khi lng t cn chuyn i l 2.40,2 = 80,4 m3 .
- Chn xe IFA c ben t c
Vn tc trung bnh v
TB
= 30 km/h
Th tch thng cha V = 6 m3
Ta c tng s chuyn xe 1 ca l
80, 2
6.0,8
= 16,7 chuyn
+ Thi gian vn chuyn mt chuyn xe
77
77
KHOA XY DNG
t = t
b
+ t
i
+ t
+ t
v
- t
b
: Thi gian t ln xe t
b
= 15'
- t
i
: Thi gian vn chuyn i ti ni , qung ng 15 km, vi V
i
= 30
km/h.
t
i
=
15.60
30
= 30
- t
: Thi gian v quay t
= 5
- t
v
: Thi gian v bng thi gian i
Vy t = 15 + 30 + 5 + 30 =80
+ Mt ca, mi xe chy c:
t
T
ca
85 , 0 .
=
8.60.0.85
80
= 5,1 ly trn = 5 chuyn
+ S xe cn dng: n =
16, 7
3, 3
5

ly trn = 4 xe
Chn 4 xe IFA V = 6 m
3
.
Ngoi ra cn chn mt s loi thit b khc:
+ B cha va st : 30 m
3
.
+ B nc : 30 m
3
.
+ My nn kh.
+ My trn dung dch Bentnite.
+ My bm ht dung dch Bentnite.
+ My bm ht cn lng.
Thi gian thi cng xong 1 cc : 1 ngy.
Tng hp thit b thi cng.
1. My khoan t : HITACHI_KH 100.
2. Cn cu : MKG-10
3. My p rung ICE 416
4. Gu khoan : 1200,1000.
5. Gu lm sch : 1200,1000.
6. ng vch :
7. B cha dung dch bentonite : 40 m
3
.
8. B cha nc : 30 m
3
.
9. My i.
10. My nn kh.
11. My trn dung dch bentonite.
12. My bm ht dung dch bentonite.
13. ng b tng.
14. My hn.
15. My kinh v.
16. My thu bnh.
17. Thc o su > 50m.
I.4. 3. MT BNG THI CNG CC KHOAN NHI :
78
78
KHOA XY DNG
Vn t ra l khng th thi cng thi cng tt c cc cc trong mt i cng mt
lc hoc ni lin nhau v nhng l do sau :
- Khng mt bng thi cng (my mc qu nhiu , nhn cng ng , khng an
ton )
- V l do k thut : Cc sau khi b tng song cn trnh nhng chn ng lm
nh hng n cht lng ca b tng , thi gian cn trnh nhng chn ng l t
nht t 6-7 ngy , Khong cch thi cng gia cc cc lin k nhau khng c b
hn 5d = 5m
V vy cn thit lp mt th t thi cng cc m bo nhng yu cu trn . Do
thi gian thi cng mt cc l 1 ngy vi tng s 69 cc . Nu dng mt my th cn
n hn hai thng , nh vy l qu lu . Do quyt nh dng hai my khoan thi
cng song song .
:Mt bng th hin th t thi cng c th hin trn bn v TC 01
II. THI CNG T
II.1 . LP PHNG N O T
- Thi cng cc nhi trc ri sau mi o t lm mng cho cng trnh. Sau khi
btng cc nhi xong, lp ct ln l cc pha trn cn trng phng tin c th i
li trn c. Khi o theo phng n ny th vic vn chuyn t v qu trnh thi
cng cc khoan nhi c thun tin hn, ng thi cng tc thot nc thi, nc
ma c d dng hn, vic di chuyn thit b thi cng cc nhi c thun tin nh
vy nng sut khoan l v b tng cc cao.
- Phng n o t c lp ra da trn tiu ch thun tin v kinh t nht cho qu
trnh thi cng. C cc phng n o thng thng l :
o thnh h,
o thnh bng
o thnh ao
o kt hp : gm hai hoc nhiu phng n trn kt hp
- Xem xt mt bng cng trnh, khong cch gia cc mng c nhng ch gn, ch xa.
Qua tnh ton s b,ta chn phng n o thnh ao n ct y ging, o thnh h
hoc bng n ct y i.Vi phng n ny tuy khi lng t o p c ln hn
tuy nhin c th pht huy ht cng sut my o , phng n di chuyn my n gin,
d thit k h o, thun tin cho qu trnh thi cng i ging.(vn chuyn,t thp,lp
vn khun...)
- Do su o mng khng ln ( H =1,8 - 2,3 ) nn ta chn my o gu
nghch.Da vo mt bng mng ta chn phng n o dc - bn .
- Sau khi o t bng my ta tin hnh o t v sa h mng th cng v c
nhng phn vic my khng th hon thnh c.
- t o c chuyn ln t vn chuyn i .Mt phn c gi li sau ny
lp h mng.
-i vi t vn chuyn t phi ch khong cch an ton cho php t t n
mp h o.
Trong khi nhn t t my o, gia t v my o phi c khong cch an ton, tm
vi ca my o khng i qua cabin t.
79
79
KHOA XY DNG
- Trong khi t t my o vo t cn ch khong cch an ton t im thp
nht ca gu o n im cao nht ca t.
Khi o th cng cn ch :
- Thi cng t th cng yu cu s lng cng nhn ln, d gy cn tr cho vic o
t v vn chuyn t kh khn do ta phi c bin php t chc tt, vch tuyn r
rng.
- Khng nn o nham nh, nh vy d gy tch ng nc cn tr vic vn chuyn
t v thi cng t, ta nn o sao cho mt t lun dc thot nc tt.
-Trong qu trnh o th cng, nu gp t ni ct trt, t bn chy th phi c bin
php x l nhanh chng, hiu qu trnh phi ko di thi gian x l, gia c thnh h
o.
S di chuyn my o t:
Xem bn v thi cng
II.2. Thit k phng n gi thnh h o
- Do su h o l -2,3m tnh t mt t t nhin l su khng ln , mt bng
cng trnh rng,xung quanh khng c cc cng trnh khc nn ta thit k mi dc t
nhin.Gc mi dc t nhin ly l 60
0
, c th thay i cho ph hp vi thc t thi cng.
II.3. Thit k phng n o t
II.3.1. Tnh ton khi lng o t
Do khong cch gia cc mng kh gn nhau v cao y ging bng -1,8m so
vi ct t nhin l khng qu su nn pht huy ht cng sut my o v tin li
cho thi cng ta o lun c h mng thnh ao n ct y ging. o thnh h t
ct y ging n y i. Khi o h th o th cng kt hp vi o my nhng
ni c th.
Khi lng t o tng cng: 3287 m3
- Phn o my thnh ao n chiu su 1,8 m :
- Phn o v sa mng th cng: Ly bng 10% khi lng t o, tnh c
330 m
3
nh mc ly 0,4 cng/m3 => cn 132 cng.
b. Nhn cng v my thi cng
Chn my thi cng:
Chiu su cn o l 1,8 2,3 m .
- Chn my o gu nghch: Chn my EO-3322B1 vi cc thng s:
Dung tch gu: q = 0,5m
3
Bn knh hot ng: Rmax = 7,5 m
Chiu cao nng gu: h = 4,8 m
Chiu su o: Hmax = 4,2 m
Trng lng my: Q = 14,5 Tn
Chu k hot ng: t
ck
= 17s
Chiu cao my: c =3,84m
80
80
KHOA XY DNG
Chiu di my a = 2,81 m ; b rng my : b = 2,7 m
Nng sut ca my xc mt gu c xc nh theo cng thc:
N = q.
t
d
K
K
.n
ck
.K
tg
(m
3
/h)
Trong :
K
- h s y gu, vi my o gu nghch, dt loi II, K
= 1,1
K
t
- h s ti ca t, K
t
= 1,3
Thi gian ca mt chu k T
ck
= t
ck
.K
vt
.K
quay
= 171,11,1= 20,6 s
S chu k xc trong mt gi: N
ck
=
ck
T
3600
=
3600
20, 6
=175
K
tg
- h s s dng thi gian K
tg
= 0,8
N = q.
t
d
K
K
.n
ck
.K
tg
(m
3
/h) = 0,5.
1,1
1,3
.175.0,8= 59,2 (m
3
/h)
Nng sut ca my: N
ca
= 8 59,2 = 473,8 m
3
/ca
Nh vy s dng mt my o th thi gian lm vic
3287
6, 94
473,8
V
N

ca
Tc l vi mt my th cn lm trong 7 ngy.
My chn tho mn yu cu.
- B tr khu vc cng tc ca my o gu nghch
Do din tch mt bng hnh ch nht tri di, tin hnh o t dc theo trc di
tng nng sut my, phng n o dc- bn nh hnh v .
III.THI CNG I GING MNG
III.1/Khi lng cng tc i ging
Ta tnh ton khi lng cc cng tc chnh gm: khi lng b tng lt, khi lng
vn khun, khi lng ct thp, khi lng b tng.
BNG TNG HP KHI LNG MT S CNG TC CHNH
Stt Tn cng vic n v
Khi
lng
1 b tng lt mng m3 59,0
2 Ct thp i ging 100 kG 673.00
3 Vn khun i ging m2 569.00
4 B tng i ging m3 857,52
5 Tho vn khun m2 569.00
81
81
KHOA XY DNG
Bng 2: Khi lng cng tc i mng
S TT
i
cc
S
lng
Kch thc i
Th tch
m3
din tch
xung
quanh
Th tch
BT lt
i
Khi
lng
thp(kG)
di
(m)
Rng(m)
Cao
(m)
1 1 18 4.80 2.00 1.70 293.76 23.12 19.80 2.01
2 2 8 9.40 2.40 1.70 306.82 40.12 19.97 4.64
3 3 2 2.20 2.20 1.70 16.46 14.96 1.15 1.00
5 4 1 9.50 6.80 1.70 109.82 55.42 6.79 12.64
Tng 726.85 133.62 47.71 20.29
III.2. Ph b tng u cc
Phn b tng u cc c cht lng km cn c p b. Thp cc c ko vo
i mt on m bo khong cch neo. Chiu di neo vo i l l
neo
=30d=3022
=660 mm (d=22mm l ng knh thp dc ln nht ca cc), ly l
neo
=75cm. Phn cc
cha li neo vo i l 1520cm.
Khi lng b tng u cc: 63,2 m
3
My thi cng: cng vic ph u cc c thc hin bng my nn kh Mitsubish-
PDS.3905 cng sut P=7 at c lp ba u ba. Dng my hn hi ct thp tha.
Cn c vo nh mc xy dng c bn, ta c khi lng nhn cng v my thi cng
cn cho vic ph d b tng u cc l:
- Nhn cng: 1,863,2 = 114 cng. Thi cng theo 3 phn on,
s cng nhn cn thit 38 cng/ phn khu.
- My thi cng:
+ My nn kh: 1,12463,2 = 71 ca. Chn 5 my nn kh
+ My hn: 0,2363,2 = 14,5 ca. Chn 2 my hn
III.3. Cng tc b tng lt mng
Tng khi lng b tng lt mng: 58,96m
3
B tng lt mng c thi cng bng b tng gch v M50, rng hn b rng
mng v mi bn 0,1m. B tng mng c trn ti ch v th cng.
Cn c vo nh mc xy dng c bn, ta c khi lng nhn cng v my thi cng
cn cho vic b tng lt mng l:
- Nhn cng: 0,99x58,96= 58 cng. Thi cng theo 3 phn on, mi phn on 1 ngy,
s nhn cng cn thit 20 ngi.
III.4. Cng tc vn khun
a. La chn loi vn khun thng dng
S dng vn khun nh hnh bng kim loi ca Ho Pht ch to
B vn khun bao gm :
- Cc tm khun chnh.
- Cc tm gc (trong v ngoi).
Cc tm vn khun ny c ch to bng tn, c sn dc v sn ngang dy 3mm,
mt khun dy 2mm.
82
82
KHOA XY DNG
- Cc ph kin lin kt : mc kp ch U, cht ch L.
- Thanh chng kim loi.
Cc c tnh k thut ca tm vn khun c nu trong bng sau:
Bng 1: Bng c tnh k thut ca tm khun phng :
Rng
(mm)
Di
(mm)
Cao
(mm)
Mmen qun
Tnh (cm
4
)
Mmen khng
un (cm
3
)
300 1800 55 28,46 6,55
300 1500 55 28,46 6,55
220 1200 55 22,58 4,57
200 1200 55 20,02 4,42
150 900 55 17,63 4,3
150 750 55 17,63 4,3
b. Thit k vn khun i M1
*/ B tr h vn khun
Kch thc i : 4,8 2,0 1,7 (m)
Kch thc ging : 0,6 1,2 (m)
La chn kt hp gia vn khun c b rng 200 v 300, kt hp vi cc thanh tm
gc v cc thanh 100, chiu cao 1200, ta c s lp vn khun cho i nh hnh v.
Tng s vn khun s dng cho i 3 gm:
- Vn 300: 26 tm
- Vn 200: 2 tm
- Vn 100 : 4 tm
- Tm gc trong: 4 tm
*/ Tnh kh nng chu lc ca vn khun
b.1 Tnh ton lc tc dng ln vn khun:
- Cc lc ngang tc dng vo vn khun:
Vn khun thnh i mng chu ti trng tc ng l p lc ngang ca hn hp
b tng mi v ti trng ng khi b tng vo coffa bng my bm b tng.
Theo tiu chun thi cng b tng ct thp TCVN 4453-95 th p lc ngang ca
va b tng mi xc nh theo cng thc (ng vi phng php m di).
- p lc ngang ti a ca va b tng ti:
P
tt
1
= n..H = 1,325000,75 = 2438 Kg/m
2
(H = 0,75m l chiu cao lp btng sinh ra p lc khi dng m di)
- Ti trng do chn ng khi b tng ng vi phng php b tng bng
my bm b tng:
P
tt
2
= 1,3200 = 260 Kg/m
2
.
- Ti trng do m va b tng:
83
83
KHOA XY DNG
P
tt
3
= 1,3200 = 260 Kg/m
2
.
Ti trng ngang tng cng tc dng vo vn khun l:
P
tt
= 2438 + 260 +260 = 2958 kG/m
2
= 0,2958 kG/cm
2
P
tc
= 1875 + 200 + 200 = 2275 kG/m
2
= 0,2275 kG/cm
2
b.2. Tnh tm vn
Gi khong cch gia cc sn ng l l
sn
. Xem vn khun thnh mng nh
mt dm lin tc vi cc gi ta l sn ng. S tnh nh hnh v.
iu kin bn ca tm vn khun : M
max
=
10
l q
2
sn
tt
R.W
Trong :
R - cng ca vn khun kim loi R=2100 Kg/cm
2
W - mmen khng un ca vn khun.
Khong cch sn ng phi tho mn iu kin
l
sn

tt
q
W . R . 10
Khong cch sn ng c chn ng thi phi tho mn iu kin vng
tnh theo cng thc
f =
J E
l q
sn
tc
. . 128
4
< [f] =
250
l
Trong :
E: mdun n hi ca thp (E=2,1.10
6
Kg/cm
2
)
J: mmen qun tnh ca 1 tm vn khun
Kt qu tnh ton tng ng vi hai loi vn khun chnh c trnh by trong bng
sau:
Bng 3: Chn khong cch sn ng
b
(cm)
W
cm
3
J
cm
4
[]
Kg/cm
2
Ti trng (kg/cm) Khong cch sn (cm)
bq
tt
bq
tc
[] [f] Chn
30 6,55 28,4 2100 8,874 6,826 124 108,5 80
20 4,42 20,02 2100 5,916 4,551 124 110,8 80
b.3. Tnh sn ng
Chn sn ng l x g g 100x100, khong cch gia cc sn ng l 80cm.
b.4. Tnh sn ngang
Sn ngang chn bng x g g 80x100 ,mc ch tng thm cng ca h vn
khun chu lc.V chiu cao sn ng l 1,7m t 3 sn ngang cho 1 sn ng .
Vi vn khun ging mng cao 1,2m ch cn t 02 sn ngang.
c. Cu to vn khun mng
84
84
KHOA XY DNG
Cu to c th vn khun mng th hin trn bn v .
III.5. Cng tc ct thp
Khi lng ct thp mng cho ton b phn mng l :101(T)
nh mc nhn cng 6,35 cng / 1T ct thp ,
do s cng cn dng l 6,35x101 = 641 ,
Chia lm 3 phn khu, mi phn khu cn 213 cng
thi gian lm l 8 ngy , mi ngy 30 ngi.
III.6. Cng tc b tng
a. La chn phng n thi cng
Mt bng cng trnh c chia lm 3 phn khu.
Khi lng b tng trung bnh ca mi phn khu 286 m
3
.
Do khi lng b tng ln, mt bng cht hp, nn chn phng n s dng b tng
thng phm vn chuyn n cng trnh bng xe chuyn dng v b tng bng bm
b tng.
Khi b tng, do chiu cao i mng, ging mng l ln nn phi thnh tng
lp dy 30 40 cm.Ch khi m lp sau phi xuyn v lp trc 5-10 cm
b. Chn my thi cng
*/ Chn xe vn chuyn b tng
Chn xe SB92B vi cc thng s c k trn
Gi s trm trn btng cch cng trnh 10 km, vn tc trung bnh ca xe chy trong
thnh ph l 40 km/h .
Chu k ca xe : T
ck
(pht)
T
ck
= T
nhn
+ 2. T
chy
+ T
+T
ch
Trong :
T
nhn
, T
chy
, T
, T
ch
- thi gian hot ng ca xe ly nh sau:
T
nhn
= 10 pht ; T
chy
= 15 pht ; T
= 10 pht ; T
ch
= 10 pht .
T
ck
= 60 pht.
s chuyn xe chy trong 1 ca
n= T 0,85/ T
ck
= 8 60 0,85 / 60 = 7 chuyn.
S xe ch btng cn thit l :
n = 390/(7x6) =6,8 . Chn 8xe .
Vy chn 8 xe ch btng , mi xe ch 7 chuyn 1 ngy .
*/ Chn my bm b tng
Chn xe bm btng BSA 1400 c thng s k thut sau:
- Nng sut k thut: 90 m
3
/h
- p lc bm : 106 bar
- Hnh trnh pittong: 1400 mm
- ng knh xylanh: 200 mm
- ng c : 118 kW
- Dung tch phu cha: 450 l
- Khi lng: 4,2 Tn
Nng sut thc t my bm : 50 m
3
/ h = 400 m
3
/ca
Nh vy, s dng mt my bm cho cng tc b tng.
*/ Chn my m btng
Chn loi m U50 c cc thng s k thut sau .
STT Cc ch s n v Gi tr
1 Thi gian m BT s 30
85
85
KHOA XY DNG
2 Bn knh tc dng cm 30
3 Chiu su lp m cm 25
4 Nng sut m
3
/ h 25-30
Tnh theo nng sut my m:
N = 2 k r
0
2
3600/ (t
1
+t
2
)
Trong r
0
: Bn knh nh hng ca m r
0
= 0,6m
: Chiu dy lp BT cn m = 0,25m
t
1
: Thi gian m BT t
1
= 30s
t
2
: Thi gian di chuyn m . t
2
= 6 s
k: H s hu ch ly k= 0,7
Vy nng sut ca m
N = 2 0,7 0,3
2
0,25 3600/ 36 = 3,15 m
3
/h
s m cn thit l :
n = V/ N.t. k = 390.0,25/ 3,15.8.0,85 = 4,55 chic .
Vy chn 5 m di .
III.7. Cng tc lp t
Sau khi tho vn khun i v ging mng, ta tin hnh lp t ln 1 n ct t
1,2m( tc l lp n mt i ging) tin hnh xy tng mng, c mng .
Khi lng lp t:
V
ln1
= V
o
-V
b tng

= 2306 - 857,5 = 1149 m
3
Theo nh mc xy dng c bn th lp 100m
3
th tch bng ct cn 122m
3
ct
Lng ct cn thit:
3
1149
.122 1767
100
m
ct
nh mc nhn cng =14,5 cng/100m
3

Nhu cu ngy cng:
1767
14, 5. 256
100

cng
Chn i cng nhn 32 ngi:
Thi gian thi cng =
256
8
32

ngy.
III.8.Xy tng mng.
Sau khi lp t xong tin hnh xy tng mngn ct mt t t nhin.
86
86
KHOA XY DNG
CHNG 3:
THI CNG PHN THN
I. LA CHN CNG NGH :
La chn gii php thi cng B tng ton khi l gii php ph bin hin nay
Vit Nam cho nh dn dng cao tng.
*. Cng ngh thi cng vn khun:
i vi cng trnh ny, s b chn cng ngh vn khun thp nh hnh , h dn
gio chng PAL do hng Ho Pht ch to.
. Cng ngh thi cng b tng:
Vi nh cao tng c khi lng b tng s dng ln, yu cu mc cao, vic s
dng b tng trn v ti ch t ra khng hiu qu v cht lng tht thng, tn
din tch mt bng v kh khn cho qu trnh t chc.Do ,ta la chn phng n
dng b tng thng phm t mua t trm trn, vn chuyn n bng xe chuyn dng.
Theo :
_ b tng ct,vch,li n cao trnh y dm bng cn trc thp
_ b tng dm, sn cng nhau.
II. THIT K VN KHUN
* Yu cu vi vn khun l:
- Ch to ng kch thc ca cc b phn kt cu.
- Chu c ti trng trong qu trnh thi cng: m bo tnh bn ,cng,n
nh.
- Gn nh tin dng,d tho lp.
-Phi c tnh lun chuyn cao => kinh t.
Da trn cc yu cu trn,kt hp vi thc t ,ta chn vn khun nh hnh bng
kim loi kt hp vi cy chng kim loi.
II.1. Chn vn khun,gio chng
II.1.1. Vn khun
S dng tm vn khun nh hnh: c to thnh t nhng tm gia cng t
trc trong nh my, ra cng trnh ch vic lp dng, khi tho d c gi nguyn
hnh, tho lp d dng, t tht lc, mt mt v cho php s dng nhiu ln.
- Dng vn khun cng c kch thc b bng kim loi ca hng Ho Pht
II.1.2 . Chn gio chng sn : ( S dng gio PAL do Ho Pht ch to)
*/ u im ca gio PAL :
- Gio PAL l mt chn chng vn nng bo m an ton v kinh t.
- Gio PAL c th s dng thch hp cho mi cng trnh xy dng vi nhng kt cu
nng t cao ln.
87
87
KHOA XY DNG
- Gio PAL lm bng thp nh, n gin, thun tin cho vic lp dng, tho d, vn
chuyn nn gim gi thnh cng trnh.
*/ Cu to gio PAL :
Gio PAL c thit k trn c s mt h khung tam gic c lp dng theo
kiu tam gic hoc t gic cng cc ph kin km theo nh :
- Phn khung tam gic tiu chun.
- Thanh ging cho v ging ngang.
- Kch chn ct v u ct.
- Khp ni khung.
- Cht gi khp ni.
- S dng h gio PAL (Gio ch A) c cc thng s k thut sau :
Chiu cao gio : 1.5
m
; 1.25
m
, 1.0
m
.
Bc gio L = 1.2
m
.
ng gio D48
mm
dy 2
mm
.
Thp hnh CT
3
; cng R
a
= 2300 Kg/cm
2
.
Sc chu ti ln nht cho mt chn gio l : 4,4 T
II.1.3. Chn ct chng:
- S dng gio PAL v cy chng n kim loi do hng Ho Pht ch to .
Mt s ch c it c th s dng ct g chng.
II.2. TNH TON :
II.2.1. Thit k vn khun ct :
Ct 700500 : S dng 4 tm gc ngoi 100100, 4 tm phng rng 300 v 6 tm
rng 200.
Ct 800500 : S dng 4 tm gc ngoi 100100, 6 tm phng rng 300v 2 tm
rng 200
Cc tm vn khun c lin kt nh cc con b, cht ch L v c gi vng
nh h thng ct chng v tng cng.
II.2.1.a. Xc nh ti trng :
Theo TCVN 4453-195, p lc ngang do va b tng (ng vi phng php m di):
q
1
= nhb = 1,325000,750,7 = 1710 (kG/m)
Trong : n -H s vt ti n = 1,3
b =70cm: B rng ct
-Khi lng ring ca b tng = 2500 (kg/m
3
)
h-Chiu cao nh hng ca m b tng h = 0,75 (m)
Theo TCVN 4453-195, khi bm b tng bng my th ti trng ngang tc dng vo
vn khun :
q
2
= 1,34000,7 = 364 (kG/m)
Ti trng tng cng : q = 364 + 1710 = 2074 (kG/m) 21( kG/cm)
II.2.1.b. Tnh ton khong cch gng ct
*Theo iu kin chu lc :
- Vn khun ct c xem nh l dm lin tc, c cc gi l cc gng ct, khong cch
gia cc gng l l. Chn gng l 4 thanh thp hnh L70x70x6 lin kt vi nhau
- Tnh theo iu kin bn :
88
88
KHOA XY DNG

[ ]
[ ]
2
10 .
10 2100 4, 57
10 21
W
ql
l
W q

=67 cm
Trong : W- Mmen khng un ca vn khun, W = 6,55 (cm3)

[ ]
-Cng ca vn khun kim loi,
[ ]
=2100 (kG/cm2)
B tr khong cch cc gng l 60cm.
* Kim tra li theo iu kin bin dng :
Ti trng dng kim tra vng : q = 25000,70,75 + 400 = 1710 (kG/m)
vng c tnh theo cng thc :
EJ
ql
f
128
4
C : E
thp
= 2,1.10
6
Kg/cm
2
, J = 20,2(cm4)

4
6
17,1 60
128 2,1 10 20, 2
f

0,04 cm
vng cho php :
[ ] f cm
l
f > ) ( 15 , 0
400
60
400
(Tho mn)
II.2.2. Thit k vn khun sn :
- Dng cc tm vn khun kim loi rng 300,200,150 ca NITETSU.
- ngang bng g 80100, dc bng g 100x120 (Thuc nhm V).
- H chng : Dng h chng gio PAL
II.2.2a. Xc nh ti trng :
Ti trng
Tiu
chun n
Tnh
ton
(kg/m2) (kg/m2)
Ti trng bn thn vn 20 1,1 22
Ti trng b tng 375 1,1
413-
330
Ti trng do ngi v thit b 250 1,3 325
Do v m b tng 400 1,3 520
Tng 1045 1280
II.2.2b.Tnh ton khong cch gia cc x g ngang vn sn :
Ct di bn 1 tnh ton, c q
tt
= 1280(kG/m);
q
tc
=1045 (kG/m)
V dng vn khun thp nn vic tnh ton theo iu kin bn v bin dng l khng
cn thit.
Chn khong cch gia cc x g l 60 cm tin b tr.
II.2.2c. Tnh ton khong cch gia cc x g dc :
Chn khong cc gia cc x g dc l l = 120 cm (Bng khong cch gia cc u gi
PAL)
- Kim tra theo iu kin bn : Cc x g ngang nh l dm lin tc nhp 120 cm, k
ln cc x g dc, chu ti trng bn thn v do t sn truyn vo theo din chu ti
0,6 m:
+Trng lng bn thn ca x g ngang :
89
89
KHOA XY DNG
q
tc
= 650.0,08.0,1 =5,2 kg/m q
tt
=5,2.1,1 =5,72 kg/m
ti trng tc dng ln x g q
tt
xg
=0,6.1280 +5,72=726 (kg/m)

[ ]
q
W
l
. 10
Trong : tit din 80x100 c :

E
g
= 10
5
(kG/cm2) ;
[ ]
g
=110 (kG/cm2)
J=
) 4 ( 67 , 666
12
10 8
12
3 3
cm
bh
; W=
) 3 ( 33 , 133
6
10 8
6
2 2
cm
bh

10 110 133, 33
7, 26
l

= 151 (cm)
-Kim tra theo iu kin bin dng :q
tc
=0,6x1045 + 5,2 = 587 kG/m
=>
3
128
400
EJ
l
q
=
5
3
128 10 666, 67
400 5, 87

=154cm
Nh vy, tit din x g ngang chn v khong cch gia cc x g dc 120 cm
b tr l tho mn.
II.2.2d. Kim tra s lm vic ca x g dc :
S tnh: dm lin tc nhp 120cm chu ti trng tp trung t dm ngang truyn vo.
Tit din 100120 c :
J =
) 4 ( 1440
12
12 10
12
3 3
cm
bh
; W=
) 3 ( 240
6
12 10
6
2 2
cm
bh
Ti trng tp trung t gia thanh l :

P
tt
= q
tt
1,2 = 7261,2 = 870 (kG)
Ptc = qtc1,2 = 5871,2 = 704 (kG)
- Theo iu kin bn :
M men gia nhp thin v an ton cho rng : Mmax = Pl/4 =26100(Kgcm)

26100
108( / 2)
240
M
kG cm
W

<
[ ]
g
=110 (kG/cm2) (Tho mn)
- Theo iu kin bin dng :
EJ
Pl
f
48
3

3
5
704 120
0,176( )
48 10 1440
f cm

vng cho php :
[ ] f cm
l
f > ) ( 3 , 0
400
120
400
(Tho mn)
Nh vy, tit din x g dc chn v khong cch gia cc x g dc b tr l
tho mn.
II.2.3. THIT K VN KHUN DM:
- Dm bo c kch thc 300600, dm gia c kch thc 300700.
- S dng cc tm rng 300 cho vn y v cc tm rng 300; tm gc trong 150150
cho vn thnh, ch no thiu chn g .
- Do chiu cao thnh dm khng ln, nn p lc va b tng tc dng ln vn thnh
nh hn rt nhiu so vi vn y. Ta ly khong cch gia cc np ng theo khong
cch ct chng.
90
90
KHOA XY DNG
II.2.3 a. Ti trng tc dng ln vn y :
Ti trng
Tiu
chun n Tnh ton
(kg/m2) (kg/m2)
Ti trng bn thn vn 20 1,1 22
Ti trng b tng 1750 1,1 1925
Do v m b tng 400 1,3 520
Tng 2170 2467
Xt vi di rng 0,3 m c q
t t
= 0,3x2467 = 740kG/m
q
tc
= 0,3x2170 =651 kG/m
II.2.3 b. Tnh khong cch x g theo cng :
Coi vn y dm nh mt dm lin tc k ln x g g.Vic tnh ton kh nng
chu lc ca vn khun thp l khng cn thit.
=> b tr khong cch gia cc x g ngang l 0,6m
Chn khong cch cc x g dc l 1,2m. bng nhp gio PAL
III .BIN PHP K THUT THI CNG.
III.1.Cng tc thp
Ct thp phi c nn thng v nh g lm sch. Vi ct dc c ng knh
16 tr ln ta dng my un, cn vi ng knh nh hn th dng vam, bn un tay.
Ct ct thp dc AII bng my ct, du ct ct thp c t trn bn ct bng
du phn, hoc nh du trc tip trn thanh thp.
* Cng tc thp ct
- Ct thp ct, c gia cng pha di, sau c xp thnh cc chng loi,
c th buc thnh tng khung hoc b v c cu ln lp t vo v tr bng cn trc.
Buc ct thp ct trc khi tin hnh lp dng vn khun ct.
Gi n nh ca cc thanh thp bng h gio chng. Sau tin hnh hn, ni ct
thp. Chiu di c hn, khong cch gia cc im ni phi ng theo qui nh. Ct
thp c hn vo thp ch ca ct.
Dng cc ming m (con k) hnh vnh khuyn ci vo ct thp m bo
chiu dy lp bo v btng. Ct thp ct sau khi buc xong phi thng ng, ng v
tr v chng loi. Khong cch ct ai phi m bo ng nh thit k.
*.Ct thp dm, sn.
Ct thp dm c tin hnh t xen k vi vic lp vn khun. Sau khi lp vn
khun y dm th ta a ct thp dm vo.
Phi t mi ni ti cc tit din c ni lc nh. Trong mt mt ct kt cu mi
ni khng vt qu 50% din tch ct thp, mi ni buc ln hn 30 ln ng knh.
Thp sn c a ln tng b ng chiu di thit k v c lp buc ngay trn
sn. B tr ct thp theo tng loi, th t buc trc v sau. Khi lp buc ct thp cn
ch t cc ming k b tng c sn m bo chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct
thp. Khong cch,s lng ct ai phi m bo ng nh thit k.
Trc khi lp ct thp sn phi kim tra, tin hnh nghim thu vn khun. Ct thp
sn c ri trn mt vn khun v c buc thnh li theo ng thit k. Hnh dng
ca ct thp lp dng theo thit k phi c gi n nh trong sut thi gian b
tng m bo khng x dch, bin dng. Cn b k thut nghim thu nu m bo mi
tin hnh cc cng vic sau .
91
91
KHOA XY DNG
-Kim tra thp sn ng kch thc ,chng loi,khong cch , s lng theo
thit k.
III.2.Cng tc vn khun.
-Vn khun c phn ra thnh nhng tm chnh v tm ph.
Tm chnh: ta chn nhng tm c kch thc ph hp vi lao ng th cng, d lp
dng:
2001500, 3001200; 3001500, 2001200...
Tm ph: Cc tm gc trong, gc ngoi, cc tm c kch thc nh lp xen k vi
tm chnh.
Cc tm vn khun c t hp li thnh nhng mng tm ln. Lin kt gia cc
tm vn khun bng cht nm. Vi nhng ch thiu m kch thc khng theo modul
ta b thm g, g c ng inh vo vn khun thng qua cc l inh c sn tm
vn khun v bng inh 5 phn.
- gia cng, to s n nh cho vn khun c cc h thng sn ngang, sn
dc bng thp ng, g. Ngoi ra cn c cc thanh ging, tng .
-Vn khun c vn chuyn n v tr lp dng bng cn trc thp. Trc khi vn
chuyn vn khun, cc b phn chi tit ca ct chng, gng ct v cc tm g m
phi c chun b y .
- Vn khun phi nh ra sch s, bi du trc v sau khi dng.
*.Vn khun ct.
- c tin hnh sau khi lp dng xong ct thp ct v nghim thu ct thp.
- Vn khun ct c ghp sn thnh nhng tm ln c rng bng b rng cnh
ct, lin kt gia chng bng cht nm thp. Xc nh tim ngang v dc ca ct, ghim
khung nh v hn vn khun ln mng hoc ln sn b tng. Khung nh v phi c
t ng to v cao quy nh vic lp vn khun ct v vn khun dm c
chnh xc. C nh chn ct bng cc np ngang, thanh chng cng. Khi ghp trc
tin phi ghp thnh hnh ch U c 3 cnh, sau mi ghp ni tm cn li, cc tm
vn khun c t thng ng dng mc, kp lin kt li vi nhau sau dng thp
nh hnh gng cht li m bo khong cch gia cc gng ng theo thit k. Sau khi
gng xong kim tra li tim ct iu chnh cho ng v tr. Dng di kim tra li
thng ng vn khun ct theo 2 phng c neo gi, chng bng thanh chng
xin c kt hp vi tng ko v tng chng.
*.Vn khun vch.
Vn khun vch c lp t bi mt t i chuyn nghip ring c tay ngh cao.
S dng cc tm vn khun nh hnh b ghp li thnh vn khun vch. Pha trong
lng thang my c b tr 1 ct chng t hp chiu cao ca ct chng pht trin cng
vi tc thi cng vch thang.
Trn ct chng c lt g lm sn cng tc.
- Vn khun vch pha trong c ghp ht cao trnh sn tng ang thi cng, ta
trn mt vai bng thp. Vai thp ny c lin kt vi phn vch tng di
thng qua cc l ch v bt bulng.
-Vn khun pha trong lng thang my c ging bi cc thanh chng gc v gi
n nh bi cc thanh chng thnh.
-Gc ca vn khun lng phi m bo vung, thng ng.
-Lp tm vn khun trong trc, lp tm ngoi sau.
*.Vn khun dm, sn.
92
92
KHOA XY DNG
-Vn khun dm, sn c lp dng ng thi.
Lp theo trnh t : ct chng x g vn y dm vn thnh dm vn sn.
- Vn khun dm c lp t trc khi t ct thp. Trc tin ta tin hnh ghp
vn y v ct chng sau mi tin hnh v c nh s b. Vn y c iu chnh
ng cao trnh, tim trc ri mi ghp vn thnh. Vn thnh c c nh bi hai thanh
np, di chn ng inh vo x ngn gc ln ct chng.Ti mp trn vn thnh c
lin kt vi sn bi tm gc trong dng cho sn. Ngoi ra cn c b sung thm cc
thanh ging lin kt gia 2 vn thnh. Ti v tr ging c thanh c c nh b
rng vn khun.
- Sau khi ghp xong vn khun dm v ct ta tin hnh lp h x g, ct chng
lp vn khun sn. Khong cch gia cc x g phi t chnh xc. Cui cng lp
t cc tm vn khun sn, vn khun sn phi kn, kht, ch no thiu th b g. kim
tra li cao , phng, kn kht ca vn khun.
+ Cng tc nghim thu vn khun:
-Sau khi t i cng nhn lp xong h ct chng, x g, vn khun, cn b k
thut cng cng nhn trong t i i kim tra li mt ln na. Khi kim tra nu khun
vn no cha t th phi iu chnh hoc lm li ngay. Cc dng c dng kim tra
bao gm my thu bnh, thc di, mc kim tra li bng phng vung gc v
cao trnh vn y, vn sn, n nh ca h vn khun.
III.3/.Cng tc btng.
B tng c s dng y l b tng thng phm mc M300# c ch sn t
trm trn nh my n cng trng bng t chuyn dng. a b tng ln cao ta
dng cn trc thp cu cc thng b tng c dung tch 0,8 (m3) n ni cn b
tng. Sau c trc tip t thng cha vo cu kin cn . Vi cu kin dm
,sn ta bng bm b tng. Ti cc tng di ta s dng xe bm b tng, ti cc tng
cao ta dng bm b tng t c nh
Khi btng cn tun theo nhng qui nh v btng:
- Btng c vn chuyn n phi ngay.
- Qu trnh vn chuyn khng c lm b tng b phn tng, thi gian vn
chuyn phi trong phm vi cho php khng c b tng b ninh kt.
- Tin hnh t ch c cao trnh thp ln ch cao,t xa li gn.
- Chiu cao ri t do ca btng < 2,5m.
- Chiu dy mi lp phi ph hp vi tnh nng ca m, phi m bo thu sut
b tng c chc.
- Mch dng btng phi ng quy nh.
a. btng ct, vch.
Trc khi tin hnh ra, bi du vn khun, nh sn btng c. Btng ct
thng qua ng . Cng nhn thao tc ng trn sn cng tc bc trn gin gio c cao
trnh cch nh vn khun khong 1,2m, ph hp vi thao tc ca cng nhn.
Do chiu cao ct ln hn 2,5m nn phi dng ng b tng. B tng c m
bng m di, chiu dy mi lp m t 2040 (cm). m lp sau phi n su lp
trc 510 (cm). Thi gian m ti mt v tr ph thuc vo my dm khong 3040s
cho ti khi b tng c nc xi mng ni ln mt l c, kt hp g nh vo thnh vn
khun m bo btng c chc.
- ct, vch n cao trnh cch y dm 35cm th dng, phn cn li tin hnh
cng dm sn.
93
93
KHOA XY DNG
b. btng dm, sn.
-Trc khi phi xc nh cao ca sn, dy khi ca sn. Ta dng nhng
mu g c btng dy bng b dy sn lm c, khi qua th rt b.C th hn
thp lm c ,hoc nh du mc ln thp ct.
- t v tr xa tin li gn, lp sau ht ln lp trc trnh b phn tng. m
btng tin hnh song song vi cng tc .
-Tin hnh m btng bng m bn kt hp m di chn.
-Mch ngng thng ng, ti v tr c lc ct nh (1/41/3 nhp gia dm).
Sau khi xong phn khu no th tin hnh xy gch be b nc xi mng bo
dng phn khu trong thi gian quy nh.
Ch c php i li trn b mt btng mi khi cng btng t 25(kG/cm
2
)
(vi t
0

20
0
C l 24h).
III.4.Bo dng btng.
Bo dng btng bng cch lun m bo m cho btng trong 7 ngy sau khi
.
Vi ct, dm ta ti nc hoc dng bao ti m bao ph ly kt cu. Trong thi gian
bo dng trnh va chm vo btng mi . Khng c c nhng rung ng lm
bong ct thp.
III.5.Tho d vn khun.
Thi gian tho d vn khun tin hnh sau khi btng l 2 ngy vi vn khun
khng chu lc v sau t nht 21 ngy vi vn khun chu lc.
Quy tc tho d vn khun : Lp sau , tho trc . Lp trc , tho sau.
Ch tho vn khun mt ln theo thit k , sau khi cu kin kh nng lc
Khi tho d vn khun cn trnh va chm vo cc cu kin khc v lc ny cc cu
kin c kh nng chu lc cn rt km.
Vn khun sau khi tho cn xp gn gng thnh tng loi tin cho vic sa cha
v s dng cc phn khu khc trn cng trnh .
- Trnh t tho ngc vi trnh t lp. Ch tho tng b phn vn khun cch sn
ang btng 1 tng. Vn khun chu lc ca tng tip gip vi tng ang btng
sn phi nguyn ti khu vc ang btng.
III.6.Cng tc xy.
Tin hnh sau khi d vn khun, ct chng dm sn
Gch xy cho cng trnh dng ngun gch do nh my sn xut.t cht lng theo
thit k.
+ Va trn bng my trn, mc va theo yu cu thit k.
+Va trn n u c dng n y khng qu 2 gi.
+ Hnh dng khi xy phi ng kch thc sai s cho php. Khi xy phi m bo
thng ng, ngang bng v khng trng mch, mch va khng nh hn 8 mm v ln
hn 12mm.
+ Khi xy phi c tuyn xy, trn mt bng phn ra cc khu cng tc, v tr
gch va lun t i din vi tuyn thao tc. Vi tng xy cao 3,30,7m phi chia
lm 2 t va c thi gian lin kt vi gch.Chiu cao mt t xy t 0,8m- 1,2 m
+Khi xy phi tin hnh cng dy, bt m, bt gc cho khi xy.
+Va xy dng va xi mng ct c trn kh di v vn chuyn ln cao cng
vi gch bng vn thng, vn chuyn ngang bng xe ci tin.
Khi xy xong vi hng phi kim tra li phng ca tng bng thc niv.
94
94
KHOA XY DNG
III.7.Cng tc h thng ngm in nc.
Sau khi xy tng xong 5 ngy th tin hnh cng vic c tng t h thng
ngm in nc.
III.8.Cng tc trt.
- Cng tc trt thc hin theo th t: Trn trt trc, tng ct trt sau, trt mt
trong trc, trt mt ngoi sau , trt t trn cao xung di . Khi trt cn phi bc gio
hoc dng gin gio di ng thi cng.
-Sau khi t h thng ngm in nc xong, i tng kh (Sau 7 ngy k t lc
xy) ta tin hnh trt. Trc khi trt phi tin hnh ti m tng, lm sch bi bn.
Trt lm hai lp, lp n se mi trt lp kia. Phi nh nhm nu b mt trt qu nhn,
kh bm. t mt trn b mt lp trt m bo chiu dy lp trt c ng nht
theo ng thit k, b mt phi c phng. Xoa u va bng chi lm m. Ch cc
gc cnh, g pho trang tr.
Quy trnh trt:
+ Lm cc mc trn mt trt kch thc khong 55 (cm) dy bng lp trt. Lm cc
mc bin trc sau phi th qu di lm cc mc gia v di.
+ Cn c vo mc trt lp lt, trt t trn trn xung di, t gc ra pha gia.
+ Khi va ro nc dng thc cn cho phng mt.
+ Lp va lt se mt th trt lp o.
+ Dng thc cn di kim tra phng mt va trt. sai lch ca b mt trt
phi theo tiu chun.
III.9.Cng tc lt nn.
Lt nn bng granit 300300. Va lt dng va xi mng ct mc M75 theo thit
k, gch c lt theo tng khu, phi ct cho chun xc.
Chun b:
+ Dn v sinh mt nn, kim tra ct mt nn hin trng, tnh ton ct hon thin ca
mt nn sau khi lt.
+ Xc nh dc, chiu dc theo quy nh.
+ Kim tra kch thc phng cn lt, cht lng gch lt.
+ Lm mc, bt m cho lp va lt.
+ Dng ni v truyn ct hon thin xung nn nh du bng mc xung quanh tng
ca phng cn lt. Cn c vo ct lm mc gc phng v cc mc trung gian sao
cho va mt tm thc cn.
+ Mt phng cc mc phi lm ng ct hon thin v dc.
Lt gch:
+ Sau khi kim tra vung gc ca mt nn lt gch hai ai vung ch thp t ca
vo gia phng sao cho gch trong phng v hnh lang phi khp vi nhau. T tnh
c s gch cn dng xc nh v tr hoa vn nn.
+ Cn c vo hng gch mc cng dy lt hng gch ngang. che mt lt phng
phi cng thm dy cc chnh gia mt lt.
+ Khi t vin gch phi iu chnh cho phng vi dy v ng mch gch. Dng cn
ba g nh gch xung, t thc kt hp vi niv kim tra phng.
III.10.Cng tc lp ca.
Khung ca c lp v chn sau khi xy. Cnh ca c lp sau khi trt tng v
lt nn. Vch knh c lp sau khi trt v qut vi.
III.11.Cng tc sn b.
95
95
KHOA XY DNG
Tng sau khi trt c ch cho kh khong 7 ngy ri tin hnh qut vi. Phi b
hai lp trc ri mi sn hai ln, mu theo thit k. B mt phi mn khng li gn
trn b mt ca tng. Sn t trn xung di.
Cc cng tc khc nh cng tc mi, lp ng in, in thoi, ngten v tuyn,
ng nc, thit b v sinh, cc ng iu khng thng gi c tin hnh sau khi
lp ca c kho, cc cng vic c thc hin theo quy phm ca ngnh v tnh cht
k thut ca tng cng tc.
IV.LA CHN THIT B PHC V THI CNG.
IV.1 .Chn my vn chuyn ln cao.
*/Chn cn trc:
Ta c chiu cao cng trnh l 51,4m. B rng cng trnh l 19,2m, chiu di cng trnh
l 52m. Vi c im trn ta chn cn trc thp loi ng c nh vn chuyn ln
cao vt liu v btng.
Chiu cao nng cn thit : H
y/c
= h
ct
+ h
at
+ h
thng
+ h
treo
h
ct
= 51,4 m;
h
at
= 1,5m: khong cch an ton;
h
thng
= 4m: chiu cao thng btng;
h
treo
= 1,5m: chiu cao thit b treo buc
H
y/c
=51,4+ 1,5 + 4 + 1,5 = 58,4 m.
Tm vi yu cu:
2 2
5 , 4 L B S d R + + +
Vi B = 19,2 (m) : b rng cng trnh
L = 0,552 = 26 (m)
d : khong cch t cn trc ti mp ca cng trnh. chn d = 7m
R = 39 (m)
Vi cao trn ta chn cn trc ca hng TOPKIT c m hiu BA476c c tnh k
thut sau: H
max
=230m (khi neo vo cng trnh theo chiu cao)
R
max
= 42m Q
min
= 3,2T
R
min
= 2,9m Q
max
= 10T
Tnh nng sut cn trc thp theo cng thc: N
k
= Q
TB
Nk
1
k
tg
T
Trong : Q
TB
Sc nng trung bnh, Q = 5T
K
1
H s s dng ti trng, k
1
= 0,7
K
tg
H s s dng thi gian, k
tg
= 0,8
T Thi gian lm vic 1 ca, T= 8(h)
N S chu k lm vic trong 1 gi,
ck
T
N
3600
T
CK
=0,85t
i
(thi gian mt chu k lm vic)
0,85: l h s kt hp ng thi cc ng tc
t
1
: thi gian lm vic = 3 pht
t
2
: thi gian lm vic th cng tho d mc cu, iu chnh v t cu kin vo
v tr =5 pht
T
CK
= 0,85(3+5)=408s
N =
9
408
3600
(ln/h)
96
96
KHOA XY DNG
N
k
= 580,70,89 = 201,6195(T/ca)
Kim tra nng sut my :
Khi lng cn vn chuyn cho mt phn khu tng 2 trong mt ca :
Khi lng b tng : 1252,5/2 = 156,215 (T)
Khi lng vn khun : 20 (T)
Khi lng ct thp : 13(T)
Khi lng x g : 5,2 (T)
Khi lng gio chng : 25(T)
Q = 183,75(T) < N
k
. Vy cn trc thp TOPKIT BA476 chn tho mn.
Nh vy mt phn khu cn b tng trong 2 ngy , vi s cng nhn cn thit l 40
ngi.
*/Chn vn thng :
Vn thng c nhim v vn chuyn nhng vt liu m cn trc khng vn chuyn c
nh cc vt liu phc v cng tc hon thin nh gch lt, gch p, thit b v sinh, vt
liu ri, gch xy, va...
Chn vn thng m hiu TP-5 c c tnh k thut:
Ti trng nng: 500 kG ; Chiu cao nng: Hmax = 50m; Vn tc nng:
3,5m/s ;
Tm vi 3,5(m) ; Chiu di sn vn chuyn l = 5,7(m)
Tnh nng sut vn thng.
Vi khi lng xy 1 ngy l 26,33m
3
: 26,331,8 = 47,4(T)
Khi lng va trt trong, ngoi dy 2cm: 3672/5x0,021,8 = 26,43 (T)
Khi lng lt nn : 1038,69/4x0.02x2=10,387 (T)
Khi lng ngi v thit b : ly l 5(T)
Khi lng tng cng : Q = 47,4+26,43+10,387+5= 89,22(T)
Nng sut ca vn thng TP-5 trong mt ca lm vic (8h) : N = 8Qnk
1
k
tg
Trong : n =
T
3600
=
54
67
3600
(ln/h)
Vi T = t
1
+ t
2
+t
3
+ t
4
= 30 + 11 + 6 + 20 = 67 (s)
t
1
-Thi gian vn chuyn vt liu vo, t
1
= 30 (s)
t
2
-Thi gian nng vt, t
2
=
) ( 11
5 , 3
8 , 37
max
s
v
H
n

t
3
-Thi gian h, t
5
= 6 (s)
t
4
-Thi gian ko vt liu ra khi vn thng, t
4
= 20 (s)
k1-H s s dng ti trng, k1 = 0,65
k
tg
-H s s dng thi gian, k
tg
= 0,6
N = 80,5540,650,6 = 84,24 (T) <89,22 (T).
Ta chn 2 my vn thng TP-5.
97
97
KHOA XY DNG
Ngoi ra, ta s dng vn thng TGX-800-16 vn chuyn ngi.
b. My phc v cng tc hon thin.
*/Chn my trn va.
- Khi lng va yu cu cho xy 1 ca : 0,226,33 = 5,266 (m
3
) (1m
3
tng xy c
0,2m
3
va ).
Vy trng lng va xy 1 ca l: 5,2661,8 = 9,479(T).
- Khi lng va trt: 26,43(T)
- Khi lng va lt nn : 1069,38/40,0151,8 = 7,218 (T)
Vy tng lng va cn cho 1 ca l 48,393 (T).
- Chn my trn SB - 133 c cc thng s k thut nh sau:
+ V
hh
= 100 l ; V
xl
= 80 l ; N = 3,2 (m
3
/h)
+ V
g/ph
= 550 ; N
0
c
= 4,0 GW
Nng sut ca ca my trn l : N
ca
= 3,28 0,71,8 = 32,26 (T/ca) < Q
yc

Vy chn 2 my trn va.
*/ My m btng.
*m di : Chn m di U50 c cc thng s k thut k n trn.
*My m bn
Khi lng ca btng cn m trong 1 ca l 833m
2
/ca. ( tng 1 l ln nht)
Ta chn my m bn U7 c cc thng s k thut sau: + Thi gian m b tng : 50s
+ Bn knh tc dng: 2030 cm.
+ Chiu su lp m: 1030 cm
+ Nng sut : 25 m
2
/h hoc 57 m
3
/h
Theo bng cc thng s k thut ca m U7 ta c nng sut ca m l 25m
2
/h. Nu
k ti a h s k = 0,8 th ta c N = 0,8258 = 160 m
2
/ca < 863m
2
/ca.
Chn loi m di c m hiu U-50 m ct (vch), dm vi nng sut 3,15m
3
/h.
Vi mi phn on ct (vch), ta chn 4 my m di. Vi dm sn chn loi m
bn U7 c nng sut 6m
3
/h. Vi khi lng btng sn 1 phn khu ln nht l: 863m
2

ta chn 5 m bn.
98
98
KHOA XY DNG
CHNG 4
LP TIN THI CNG
I . MC CH:
Lp tin thi cng m bo hon thnh cng trnh trong thi gian quy nh (
quy nh c th trong hp ng giao thu) vi mc s dng vt liu, my mc v
nhn lc hp l nhtv t c cc hm mc tiu ti u
II . NI DUNG:
Tin thi cng nhm n nh:
- Trnh t tin hnh cc cng vic.
- Quan h rng buc ga cc dng cng tc vi nhau.
- Xc nh nhu cu v nhn lc, vt liu, my mc, thit b cn thit phc v cho
thi cng theo nhng thi gian quy nh.
III . CC BC TIN HNH:
III.1/.Phn tch cng ngh xy dng:
Cng ngh thi cng nh b tng ct thp ton khi
III.2/.Tnh khi lng cc cng vic:
- Chia cng trnh thnh nhiu phn vic c th tnh c khi lng ( n v :
m2,m3,kG,ci v.v..) c cc nh mc tng ng.
- Bng thng k khi lng cc cng vic v nhn cng xem bn ph lc.
III.3/. Tnh cng lao ng:
T khi lng cng vic ,tra nh mc ta c c s cng lao ng cn thit cho
cng vic .
Chi tit xem ph lc tnh ton.
III.4/ La chn phng n t chc
Hin nay c 4 phng n t chc ph bin:
Tun t
Song song
Dy chuyn
S mng
99
99
KHOA XY DNG
- Phng n t chc kiu tun t v song song ch ph hp vi cc cng
vic n gin,quan h r rng,khng ph hp vi cng trnh nh cao tng nhiu cng
vic phc tp.
- Phng n dy chuyn c nhiu u im,c bit l c tnh chuyn mn ho
cao.Tuy nhin n ch ph hp khi khi lng cng vic ln,iu kin sn xut n
nh, khng ph hp vi c th thi cng ngnh xy dng vn c nhiu bin ng.
- Phng n s mng ph hp vi cc d n phc tp, li c bit u im
v c ng dng tin hc vo qun l.Do ta chn phng n t chc bng s
mng c s tr gip ca phn mm Microsoft Project.
III.5/. Th hin tin :
Ta chn phng n th hin trn s ngang .
III.6/. iu chnh tin :
iu chnh tin nhm mc tiu t c cc hm mc tiu ti u ca d n( t
tin quy nh, hoc s dng ti nguyn iu ho hp l).
CHNG V
THIT K TNG MT BNG
Tng mt bng xy dng bao gm mt bng khu t c cp xy dng v
cc mt bng ln cn khc m trn b tr cng trnh s c xy dng v cc my
mc, thit b xy dng, cc cng trnh ph tr, cc xng sn xut, cc kho bi, nh
v nh lm vic, h thng ng giao thng, h thng cung cp in nc... phc v
qu trnh thi cng v i sng ca con ngi trn cng trng.
Thit k tt Tng mt bng xy dng s gp phn m bo xy dng cng trnh
c hiu qu, ng tin , h gi thnh xy dng, m bo cht lng, an ton lao ng
v v sinh mi trng,
Da vo tng mt bng kin trc ca cng trnh v bng thng k khi lng cc
cng tc ta tin hnh thit k tng mt bng thi cng cng trnh.
Ni dung thit k tng mt bng:
1. nh v c cng trnh xy dng vnh cu
2. B tr ng giao thng: cng ra vo,bi xe,quay xe...
3. Cc thit b my mc xy dng: cn trc,thng ti, my trn,dn gio...
4. C s khai thc nguyn vt liu( nu c)
5. C s sn xut,dch v...
6. Thit k kho bi.
7. Thit k nh tm
8. H thng cung cp nc
9. H thng cung cp in
10. H thng an ton lao ng,bo v,v sinh mi trng.
I.NG TRONG CNG TRNG.
Cng trnh c xy dng trong khu th mi ngoi vi thnh ph. Khong
cch vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, thit b n cng trng l ngn (nh hn 15km) nn
chn phng tin vn chuyn bng t l hp l, do phi thit k ng cho t
100
100
KHOA XY DNG
chy trong cng trng. Do vic chn s dng cn trc thp c nh nn khng phi
thit k ng ray cho cn trc m ch cn gia c nn ti v tr ng ca cn trc thp.
Do iu kin mt bng nn ta thit k ng t chy hai mt cng trnh hnh ch
L. V thi gian thi cng cng trnh ngn , tit kim m vn m bo yu cu k thut
ta tin hnh thit k mt ng cp thp nh sau : x than, x qung, gch v ri ln
mt t t nhin ri lu m k. Thit k ng mt ln xe theo tiu chun l: trong mi
iu kin ng mt ln xe phi m bo:
B rng mt ng b = 3,75 m
B rng l ng 2c = 21,25 = 2,5 m
B rng nn ng tng cng l: 3,75 + 2,5 = 6,25 m
II.B TR CN TRC, MY V CC THIT B XY DNG TRN CNG
TRNG.
II.1/.Cn trc thp.
Ta chn loi cn trc TOPKIT BA-476 ng c nh c i trng trn cao, cn
trc t gia, ngang cng trnh v c tm hot ng ca tay cn bao qut ton b
cng trnh, khonh cch t trng tm cn trc ti mp ngoi ca cng trnh c tnh
nh sau:
A = R
C
/2 + l
AT
+ l
dg
(m)
y :R
C
: chiu rng ca chn cn trc R
C
=4 (m)
l
AT
: khong cch an ton = 1 (m)
l
dg
: chiu rng dn gio + khong khng lu thi cng l
dg
=1,2+0,5=1,7 (m)
A = 4/2 + 1 +1,7 =5 (m)
Chn A = 6m
II.2/.Vn thng.
Vn thng dng vn chuyn cc loi nguyn vt liu c trng lng nh v kch
thc khng ln nh: gch xy, gch p lt, va xy, trt, cc thit b v sinh, thit b
in nc...B tr vn thng gn vi a im trn va v ni tp kt gch, hai pha
ca cn trc sao cho tng khong cch trung bnh t vn thng n cc im trn mt
bng l nh nht.
II.3/.My trn va.
Va xy trt do chuyn ch bng vn thng ti nn ta b tr my trn va gn
vn thng v gn ni ct.
III.TNH TON TNG MT BNG THI CNG :
III.1. Din tch kho bi
Din tch kho bi tnh theo cng thc sau :
S = F . =
q
dt
.
q
=
q
sd
ngy(max)
.t
dt
.
q
(m
2
)
Trong : F : din tch cn thit xp vt liu (m
2
).
: h s s dng mt bng , ph thuc loi vt liu cha .
q
dt
: lng vt liu cn d tr .
q : lng vt liu cho php cha trn 1m
2
.
q
sd
ngy(max)
: lng vt liu s dng ln nht trong mt ngy.
t
dt
:

thi gian d tr vt liu .
101
101
KHOA XY DNG
Ta c : t
dt
= t
1
+ t
2
+ t
3
+ t
4
+ t
5
.
Vi : t
1
=0.5 ngy : thi gian gia cc ln nhn vt liu theo k hoch.
t
2
=0.5 ngy : thi gian vn chuyn vt liu t ni nhn n CT.
t
3
=0.5 ngy : thi gian tip nhn, bc d vt liu trn CT.
t
4
=0.5 ngy: thi gian phn loi,th nghim VL, chun b vt liu cp pht.
t
5
=2 ngy : thi gian d tr ti thiu, phng bt trc lm cho vic cung cp b gin
on .
Vy t
dt
= 0.5+0.5+0.5+0.5+2=4 ngy .
Cng tc btng : s dng btng thng phm nn b qua din tch kho bi cha ct
, , si , xi mng , phc v cho cng tc ny m ch b tr mt vi bi nh phc v
cho s t cc cng tc ph nh nhng phn b tng nh v trn va xy trt.
Tnh ton ln tri cho cc cng tc cn li .
+ Va xy trt .
+ Cp pha , x g , ct chng:lng s dng ln nht l vn khun dm, sn, tng 1, ta
tnh cho lng s dng vt liu ln nht trong 1 ngy
Vy lng cp pha ln nht l: (1357,68+2125,393)/2.0.03.1,3=67,9m
3
+ Ct thp: lng thp trn cng trng d tr cho 1 ngy gm: Dm, sn, ct, cu
thang.
Vy lng thp ln nht l: (29,78+23,27)/2=26,53T
+ Gch xy , lt : gch xy dng nhiu nht trong 1 ngy: 21,064m
3
gch lt dng nhiu nht trong 1 ngy: 5,193m
3
.
Stt Tn cng vic KL
Ximng Ct
M
kg/m
3
NC
Tn
M
m
3
NC
m
3
1 Va xy tng 5,266 m
3
213 1,122 1.15 6,056
2 Va trt tng 14,863 m
3
176 2,616 1.14 16,944
3 Va lt nn 4,01 m
3
96 0,385 1.18 4,732
Bng din tch kho bi :
S
T
T
Vt liu nv KL
VL/
m
2
Loi kho
Thi gian
d tr
Din tch
kho
( m
2
)
1 Ct m
3
27,73 2 L thin 4 1.2 66
2 Ximng Tn 4.123 1.3 Kho kn 4 1.5 20
3 Gch xy m
3
21,06 1.5 L thin 4 1.2 68
4 Gch lt m
3
5.193 0.67 Kho kn 4 1.3 40
5 Vn khun m
3
67,9 2 Kho kn 4 1.2 160
6 Ct thp Tn 26,53 4.2 Kho kn 4 1.5 40
III.2. Tnh ton cng trnh tm cng trng :
Dn s trn cng trng :
102
102
KHOA XY DNG
Dn s trn cng trng : N = 1,06 .( A+B+C+D+E)
Trong :
+ A: nhm cng nhn lm vic trc tip trn cng trng , tnh theo s CN lm vic
trung bnh tnh trn biu nhn cng trong ngy . Ly s cng nhn trung bnh trong
nhng ngy dng kh nhiu nhn cng.Theo biu nhn lc. A= 90 (ngi).
+ B : S cng nhn lm vic ti cc xng gia cng :
B = 30%. A = 30 (ngi).
+ C : Nhm ngi b phn ch huy v k thut : C = 48 %. (A+B) .
Ly C = 6 %. (A+B) = 7(ngi).
+ D : Nhm ngi phc v b phn hnh chnh : D = 56 %. (A+B) .
Ly D = 6 %. (A+B) = 7(ngi).
+ E : Cn b lm cng tc yt , bo v , th kho :
E = 5 %. (A+B+C+D) = 7(ngi).
Vy tng dn s trn cng trng :
N = 1,06. ( 90 + 30 +7+7+7 ) = 150 (ngi).
Din tch nh tm :
Gi thit c 30% cng nhn ni tr ti cng trng .
Din tch nh tm thi S
1
= 30% . 150 . 2,5 = 125 m
2
.
Din tch nh lm vic cn b ch huy cng trng :
S
2
=7.4 = 28m
2
.
Din tch nh lm vic nhn vin hnh chnh :
S
3
=7.4= 28 m
2
.
Din tch nh n : S
4
= 30% . 150 . 1 = 25 m
2
.
Din tch khu v sinh , nh tm : S
5
= 20 m
2
.
Din tch trm y t : S
6
= 15 m
2
.
- Din tch phng bo v : S
7
= 8m
2
III.3. Tnh ton in, nc phc v cng trnh :
a. Tnh ton cp in cho cng trnh :
a.1/ Cng thc tnh cng sut in nng :
P = . [ k
1
.P
1
/ cos + k
2
.P
2
/cos+ k
3
.P
3
+ k
4
.P
4
]
Trong : + = 1,1 : h s k n hao ht cng sut trn ton mch.
+ cos = 0,75 : h s cng sut trong mng in .
+P
1
, P
2
, P
3
, P
4
: ln lt l cng sut danh hiu ca cc my tiu th trc tip
in , my chy ng c in , cc loi ph ti ding cho sinh hot v thp sng khu
vc hin trng .
+k
1
, k
2
, k
3
, k
4
: h s nhu cu dng in ph thuc vo cc nhm thit b .
k
2
= 0,75 : i vi ng c .
k
1
= 0,7 : i vi my hn ct .
k
3
= 0,6 : in thp sng trong nh .
k
4
= 0,8 : in thp sng ngoi nh .
103
103
KHOA XY DNG
Bng thng k s dng in :
P
i
im tiu th
Cng sut
nh mc
Klng
phc v
Nhu cu
dng inKW
Tng nhu
cu KW
P
1
Cn trc thp 62 KW 1my 62
83,4
Thng ti 2,2 KW 2my 4,4
My trn va 4 KW 2my 8
m di 1 KW 4my 4
m bn 1 KW 5my 5
P
2
My hn 18,5 KW 1my 18,5
22,2 My ct 1,5 KW 1my 1,5
My un 2,2 KW 1my 2,2
P
3
in sinh hot 15 W/ m
2
125 m
2
1,875
4,56
Nh lm vic,bov 10 W/ m
2
90 m
2
0,9
Nh n , trm yt 15 W/ m
2
75 m
2
1,125
Nh tm,v sinh 10 W/ m
2
30 m
2
0,3
Kho cha VL 6 W/ m
2
60 m
2
0,36
P
4
ng i li 5 KW/km 200 m 1
3,88
a im thi cng 2,4W/ m
2
1200 m
2
2,88
Vy : P = 1,1( 0,75 83,4/ 0,75 + 0,7 22,2/0,75 + 0,6 4,56 + 0,8 4,6 ) = 110,5
KW
Cng thc tnh ton phn khng m ngun in phi cung cp xc nh theo cng
thc :
Q
t
=P
t
/cos
tb
kW = 110,5/0,75 =147,33kW
Vy cng sut biu kin phi cung cp cho cng trng l :
S
t
=
KVA Q P
t t
184 3 , 147 5 , 110
2 2 2 2
+ +
a.2/Thit k mng li in :
+ Chn v tr gc t ngi qua li trn cng trng t trm bin th .
+ Mng li in s dng bng dy cp bc , nm pha ngoi ng giao thng xung
quanh cng trnh .in s dng 3 pha ,3 dy . Ti cc v tr dy dn ct ng giao
thng b tr dy dn trong ng nha chn su 1,5 m.
Chn 2 my bin th 100-35 / 0,4 c cng sut danh hiu 100 KWA.
+ Tnh ton tit din dy dn :
m bo st in p cho php .
m bo cng dng in .
m bo bn ca dy.
+Tit din dy :
*. Chn ng dy cao th
Chiu di t mng in quc gia n trm bin p l 100m . Ta c m men ti l
104
104
KHOA XY DNG
M=P.L= 110,5.100=11050kWm= 11,05Wkm
Chn dy nhm c tit din ti thiu S
min
=35mm
2
. Chn dy A-35
Tra bng vi cos =0,75c Z= 0,903
Tnh st In p cho php :
% 10 04 , 0
75 , 0 6 . 10
903 , 0 . 05 , 11
cos 10
2 2
<
U
MZ
u
Vy dy dn chn tho mn yu cu.
*. Chn dy dn phn phi n ph ti
ng dy ng lc di 80m . in p 380/220.
-Tnh theo yu cu v cng :
I
t
=
A
U
P
d
247
68 , 0 . 380 . 73 , 1
1000 . 5 , 110
cos 3

Chn dy cp loi c 4 li dy ng . Mi dy c S= 50 mm
2
v [I] = 335A>I
t
=247A
-Kim tra theo st in p :
tra bng c C=83
% 5 % 13 , 2
50 . 83
80 . 5 , 110
.
.
% <
S C
L P
u
-Kim tra theo bn c hc i vi dy cp ta c S
min
=4mm
2
.
Nh vy dy chn tho mn tt c cc iu kin .
*. ng dy sinh hot v chiu sng in p 220V
-Tnh st in p theo tng pha 220V :
vi P= 8 kW; L= 200m; C=83 i vi dy ng ; u= 5%, ta c :
[ ]
2
86 , 3
5 . 83
200 . 8
% .
.
mm
u C
L P
S
Chn dy dn bng ng c tit din S= 6 mm

2
c cng dng In cho php l
[I]= 75A
-Kim tra theo yu cu v cng :
A A
U
P
I
f
t
75 36 , 36
220
800
<
-Kim tra theo bn c hc:
Tit din nh nht ca dy bc n cc my lp t trong nh vi dy ng l
1,5mm
2
.
Do vy chn dy ng c tit din 6mm
2
l hp l .
b. Tnh ton cp nc cho cng trnh :
*/. Lu lng nc tng cng dng cho cng trnh :
Q = Q
1
+ Q
2
+ Q
3
+ Q
4
Trong :
+ Q
1
: lu lng nc sn xut : Q
1
= 1,2 S
i
. A
i
. k
g
/ 3600.n (lt /s)
S
i
: khi lng cng vic cc trm sn xut .
A
i
: nh mc s dng nc tnh theo n v s dng nc .
k
g
: h s s dng nc khng iu ha . Ly k
g
= 2.
n : s gi s dng nc ngoi cng trnh,tnh cho mt ca lm vic, n= 8h.
105
105
KHOA XY DNG
Bng tnh ton lng nc phc v cho sn xut :

Dng cng tc Khi lng
Tiu chun
dng nc
Q
SX(i)
( lt / s)
Q
1
( lt / s)
Trn va xy 5,26 m
3
300 l/ m
3
va 0,1315
Trn va trt 14,863 m
3
300 l/ m
3
va 0,372 0,622
Bo dngBT 500 m
2
1,5 l/ m
2
sn 0,0625
Cng tc khc 0,25
+ Q
2
: lu lng nc dng cho sinh hot trn cng trng :
Q
2
= N . B . k
g
/ 3600.n
Trong : N : s cng nhn vo thi im cao nht c mt ti cng trng .
Theo biu nhn lc: N= 200 ngi .
B : lng nc tiu chun dng cho 1 cng nhn cng trng.
B = 15 l / ngi .
k
g
: h s s dng nc khng iu ha . k
g
= 1,9.
Vy : Q
2
= 200 . 17 . 1,9/ 3600. 8 = 0,2243 ( l/s)
+ Q
3
: lu lng nc dng cho sinh hot ln tri :
Q
3
= N . C . k
g
. k
ng
/ 3600.n
Trong : N : s ngi ni tr ti cng trng = 30% tng dn s trn cng trng
Nh tnh ton phn trc: tng dn s trn cng trng 150 (ngi).
N = 30% . 150 = 50 (ngi).
B : lng nc tiu chun dng cho 1 ngi ln tri : B =50 l / ngi .
k
g
: h s s dng nc khng iu ha trong gi , k
g
= 1,7.
k
ng
: h s xt n s khng iu ha ngi trong ngy. k
ng
= 1,5.
Vy : Q
3
= 50 . 40 . 1,7 . 1,5 / 3600. 14 = 0,102 ( l/s)
+ Q
4
: lu lng nc dng cho cu ha : Q
4
= 5 l/s.
Nh vy : tng lu lng nc :
Q = (Q
1
+ Q
2
+ Q
3
)0,7+ Q
4
= 0,9483.0.7+ 5 = 5,664 l/s. e
*/. Thit k mng li ng ng dn :
) ( 69 ) ( 069 , 0
1000 5 , 1 14 , 3
664 , 5 4
1000
4
mm m
v
Q
D

ng knh
ng dn tnh theo cng thc :
Vy chn ng ng chnh c ng knh D= 70 mm.
Mng li ng ng ph : dng loi ng c ng knh D = 30 mm.
Nc ly t mng li thnh ph , iu kin cung cp cho cng trnh .
III.4/ H thng bo v,an ton lao ng,v sinh mi trng
- mi cng ra vo t cc trm bo v.
- Dng tng ro bng tn + ct chng chc chn, c tc dng bo v, gi
v sinh mi trng.
106
106
KHOA XY DNG
- Khi xy nh ln cc tng cao phi c gio an ton kt hp vi li bo v bn
ngoi.
- C h thng n chiu sng vo ban m
IV. B TR TNG MT BNG THI CNG :
IV.1. Nguyn tc b tr :
Tng chi ph l nh nht .
Tng mt bng phi m bo cc yu cu .
+ Thun li cho qu trnh thi cng .
+ m bo an ton lao ng .
+ An ton phng chng chy , n .
+ iu kin v sinh mi trng .
IV.2. Tng mt bng thi cng :
*/. ng x cng trnh :
m bo an ton v thun tin cho qu trnh vn chuyn , v tr ng tm trong
cng trng khng cn tr cng vic thi cng , ng tm chy bao quanh cng trnh ,
dn n cc kho bi cha vt liu. Trc ng tm cch mp cng trnh khong 5,5 m.
*/. Mng li cp in :
B tr ng dy in dc theo cc bin cng trnh , sau c ng dn n cc v
tr tiu th in . Nh vy , chiu di ng dy ngn hn v cng t ct cc ng
giao thng .
*/. Mng li cp nc :
Dng s mng nhnh ct , c xy mt s b cha tm phng mt nc.
Nh vy th chiu di ng ng ngn nht v nc mnh.
*/. B tr kho , bi:
B tr kho bi cn gn ng tm , cui hng gi ,d quan st v qun l.
Nhng cu kin cng knh ( Vn khun , thp ) khng cn xy tng m ch cn lm
mi bao che.
Nhng vt liu nh ximng, cht ph gia , sn ,vi ... cn b tr trong kho kh ro
Bi vt liu khc : gch , , ct cn che, chn khng b dnh tp cht , khng
b cun tri khi c ma .
*/. B tr ln tri , nh tm :
Nh tm : b tr u hng gi , nh lm vic b tr gn cng ra vo cng
trng tin giao dch .
Nh bp ,v sinh : b tr cui hng gi .
B tr c th cc cng trnh tm xem bn v TC
107
107
KHOA XY DNG
c. Dn gio cho cng tc xy:
Dn gio l cng c quan trng trong lao ng ca ngi cng nhn. Vy cn phi
ht sc quan tm ti vn ny. Dn gio c cc yu cu sau y :
+ Phi m bo cng, n nh, c tnh linh hot, chu hot ti do vt liu v s i
li ca cng nhn.
+ Cng trnh s dng dn gio thp, dn gio c di chuyn t v tr ny n v tr
khc vo cui cc t, ca lm vic . Loi dn gio ny m bo chu c cc ti trng
ca cng tc xy v an ton khi thi cng trn cao.
- Ngi th lm vic phi lm trn cao cn c ph bin v nhc nh v an ton
lao ng trc khi tham gia thi cng.
- Trc khi lm vic cn phi kim tra an ton ca dn gio, khng cht qa ti ln
dn gio.
Trong khi xy phi b tr vt liu gn gng v khi xy xong ta phi thu dn ton b vt
liu tha nh: gch, va... a xung v vo ni quy nh.
108
108
KHOA XY DNG
CHNG VI
AN TON LAO NG
Cng nhn tham gia lao ng phi m bo sc kho, y dng c bo h lao
ng c hun luyn v an ton lao ng.Phi chp hnh ng cc quy nh v an
ton lao ng v v sinh mi trng.C cc bin bo hiu an ton. Di y l mt s
bin php c th.
I . AN TON LAO NG KHI THI CNG CC:
- Khi thi cng cc khoan nhi phi c phng n an ton lao ng thc hin mi
qui nh an ton.
THC HIN MI QUI NH V AN TON LAO NG C LIN QUAN .
+Chp hnh nghim ngt qui nh v an ton lao ng v s dng v vn hnh:
+ ng c thu lc , ng c in
+ Cn cu , my hn in .
+ H ti cp, rng rc
+ Phi m bo an ton v s dng in trong qu trnh thi cng
+ Phi chp hnh nghim ngt qui ch an ton lao ng khi lm vic trn cao
+ Phi chp hnh nghim ngt qui ch an ton lao ng ca cn trc khi lm
ban m .
II. AN TON LAO NG TRONG THI CNG O T:
1. o t bng my o gu nghch
- Trong thi gian my hot ng, cm mi ngi i li trn mi dc t nhin, cng
nh trong phm vi hot ng ca my khu vc ny phi c bin bo.
- Khi vn hnh my phi kim tra tnh trng my, v tr t my, thit b an ton phanh
hm, tn hiu, m thanh, cho my chy th khng ti.
- Khng c thay i nghing ca my khi gu xc ang mang ti hay ang
quay gn.
- Thng xuyn kim tra tnh trng ca dy cp, khng c dng dy cp ni.
- Trong mi trng hp khong cch gia ca bin my v thnh h o phi >1m.
- Khi t vo thng xe t phi quay gu qua pha sau thng xe v dng gu gia
thng xe. Sau h gu t t xung t.
2. o t bng th cng
- Phi trang b dng c cho cng nhn theo ch hin hnh.
- o t h mng sau mi trn ma phi rc ct vo bc ln xung trnh trt, ng.
- Trong khu vc ang o t nn c nhiu ngi cng lm vic phi b tr khong
cch gia ngi ny v ngi kia m bo an ton.
III. AN TON LAO NG TRONG CNG TC B TNG
1. Dng lp, tho d dn gio
- Khng c s dng dn gio: C bin dng, rn nt, mn g hoc thiu cc b
phn: mc neo, ging ....
- Cc ct gin gio phi c t trn vt k n nh.Phi c neo ging chc chn
vo cng trnh theo quy nh
-

L hng sn cng tc ln xung phi c lan can bo v 3 pha.
109
109
KHOA XY DNG
- Thng xuyn kim tra tt c cc b phn kt cu ca dn gio, gi , kp thi
pht hin tnh trng h hng ca dn gio c bin php sa cha kp thi.
- Khi tho d dn gio phi c ro ngn, bin cm ngi qua li. Cm tho d dn
gio bng cch git .
- Khng dng lp, tho d hoc lm vic trn dn gio v khi tri ma to, ging bo
hoc gi cp 5 tr ln.
2. Cng tc gia cng, lp dng coffa
- Khng c trn coffa nhng thit b vt liu khng c trong thit k, k c khng
cho nhng ngi khng trc tip tham gia vo vic b tng ng trn coffa.
- Cm t v cht xp cc tm coffa cc b phn ca coffa ln chiu ngh cu thang,
ln ban cng, cc li i st cnh l hng hoc cc mp ngoi ca cng trnh. Khi cha
ging ko chng.
- Trc khi b tng cn b k thut thi cng phi kim tra coffa, nn c h hng
phi sa cha ngay. Khu vc sa cha phi c ro ngn, bin bo.
3. Cng tc gia cng lp dng ct thp
- Gia cng ct thp phi c tin hnh khu vc ring, xung quanh c ro chn v
bin bo.
- Ct, un, ko ct thp phi dng nhng thit b chuyn dng, phi c bin php ngn
nga thp vng khi ct ct thp c on di hn hoc bng 0,3m.
- Bn gia cng ct thp phi c c nh chc chn, nu bn gia cng ct thp c
cng nhn lm vic hai gi th gia phi c li thp bo v cao t nht l 1,0 m.
Ct thp lm xong phi ng ch quy nh.
- Khi nn thng thp trn cun bng my phi che chn bo him trc cun trc khi
m my, hm ng c khi a u ni thp vo trc cun.
- Khi gia cng ct thp v lm sch r phi trang b y phng tin bo v c nhn
cho cng nhn.
- Khi dng lp ct thp gn ng dy dn in phi ct in, trng hp khng ct
c in phi c bin php ngn nga ct thp v chm vo dy in.
4. v m b tng
- Trc khi b tng cn b k thut thi cng phi kim tra vic lp t coffa, ct
thp, dn gio, sn cng tc, ng vn chuyn. Ch c tin hnh sau khi c
vn bn xc nhn.
- Li qua li di khu vc ang b tng phi c ro ngn v bin cm. Trng hp
bt buc c ngi qua li cn lm nhng tm che pha trn li qua li .
- Cm ngi khng c nhim v ng sn rt va b tng.Cng nhn lm nhim v
nh hng, iu chnh my, vi bm b tng phi c gng, ng.
- Khi dng m rung m b tng cn:
+ Ni t vi v m rung
+ Dng dy buc cch in ni t bng phn phi n ng c in ca m
+ Lm sch m rung, lau kh v qun dy dn khi lm vic
+ Ngng m rung t 5-7 pht sau mi ln lm vic lin tc t 30-35 pht.
110
110
KHOA XY DNG
+ Cng nhn vn hnh my phi c trang b ng cao su cch in v cc phng
tin bo v c nhn khc.
5. Tho d coffa
- Ch c tho d coffa sau khi b tng t cng qui nh theo hng dn ca
cn b k thut thi cng.
- Khi tho d coffa phi tho theo trnh t hp l phi c bin php phng coffa ri,
hoc kt cu cng trnh b sp bt ng. Ni tho coffa phi c ro ngn v bin bo.
- Trc khi tho coffa phi thu gn ht cc vt liu tha v cc thit b t trn cc b
phn cng trnh sp tho coffa.
- Khi tho coffa phi thng xuyn quan st tnh trng cc b phn kt cu, nu c
hin tng bin dng phi ngng tho v bo co cho cn b k thut thi cng bit.
- Sau khi tho coffa phi che chn cc l hng ca cng trnh khng c coffa
tho ln sn cng tc hoc nm coffa t trn xung, coffa sau khi tho phi c
vo ni qui nh.
- Tho d coffa i vi nhng khoang b tng ct thp c khu ln phi thc
hin y yu cu nu trong thit k v chng tm thi.
IV/. CNG TC LM MI
- Ch cho php cng nhn lm cc cng vic trn mi sau khi cn b k thut kim
tra tnh trng kt cu chu lc ca mi v cc phng tin bo m an ton khc.
- Ch cho php vt liu trn mi nhng v tr thit k qui nh.
- Khi cc vt liu, dng c trn mi phi c bin php chng ln, trt theo mi
dc.
- Khi xy tng chn mi, lm mng nc cn phi c dn gio v li bo him.
- Trong phm vi ang c ngi lm vic trn mi phi c ro ngn v bin cm bn
di trnh dng c v vt liu ri vo ngi qua li. Hng ro ngn phi t rng ra
mp ngoi ca mi theo hnh chiu bng vi khong > 3m.
V/. CNG TC XY V HON THIN
1. Xy tng
- Kim tra tnh trng ca gin gio gi phc v cho cng tc xy, kim tra li vic
sp xp b tr vt liu v v tr cng nhn ng lm vic trn sn cng tc.
- Khi xy n cao cch nn hoc sn nh 1,5 m th phi bc gin gio, gi .
- Chuyn vt liu (gch, va) ln sn cng tc cao trn 2m phi dng cc thit b
vn chuyn. Bn nng gch phi c thanh chc chn, m bo khng ri khi nng,
cm chuyn gch bng cch tung gch ln cao qu 2m.
- Khi lm sn cng tc bn trong nh xy th bn ngoi phi t ro ngn hoc bin
cm cch chn tng 1,5m nu cao xy < 7,0m hoc cch 2,0m nu cao xy >
7,0m. Phi che chn nhng l tng tng 2 tr ln nu ngi c th lt qua c.
- Khng c php :
+ ng b tng xy
+ i li trn b tng
+ ng trn mi ht xy
+ Ta thang vo tng mi xy ln xung
+ dng c hoc vt liu ln b tng ang xy
- Khi xy nu gp ma gi (cp 6 tr ln) phi che y chng khi xy cn thn
khi b xi l hoc sp , ng thi mi ngi phi n ni n np an ton.
- Khi xy xong tng bin v ma ma bo phi che chn ngay.
111
111
KHOA XY DNG
2. Cng tc hon thin
S dng dn gio, sn cng tc lm cng tc hon thin phi theo s hng dn
ca cn b k thut. Khng c php dng thang lm cng tc hon thin trn
cao.
Cn b thi cng phi m bo vic ngt in hon thin khi chun b trt, sn,... ln
trn b mt ca h thng in.
Trt :
- Trt trong, ngoi cng trnh cn s dng gin gio theo quy nh ca quy phm, m
bo n nh, vng chc.
- Cm dng cht c hi lm va trt mu.
- a va ln sn tng trn cao hn 5m phi dng thit b vn chuyn ln cao hp l.
- Thng, x cng nh cc thit b cha ng va phi nhng v tr chc chn
trnh ri, trt. Khi xong vic phi c ra sch s v thu gn vo 1 ch.
Qut vi, sn:
- Gin gio phc v phi m bo yu cu ca quy phm ch c dng thang ta
qut vi, sn trn 1 din tch nh cao cch mt nn nh (sn) <5m
- Khi sn trong nh hoc dng cc loi sn c cha cht c hi phi trang b cho cng
nhn mt n phng c, trc khi bt u lm vic khong 1h phi m tt c cc ca
v cc thit b thng gi ca phng .
- Khi sn, cng nhn khng c lm vic qu 2 gi.
- Cm ngi vo trong bung qut sn, vi, c pha cht c hi cha kh v cha
c thng gi tt.
Trn y l nhng yu cu ca quy phm an ton trong xy dng. Khi thi cng cc
cng trnh cn tun th nghim ngt nhng quy nh trn.
112
112
KHOA XY DNG
MC LC
H LC111
113
113

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TRNG I HC XY DNG THUYT MINH N TT NGHIP

= 3991+7983 +6356 =18330 kG

= 2994+7983+ 4767 =15744 kG

+ v - trng lng th tch t nhin ca t t y i tr ln v gc ma st

: Thi gian v quay t

- h s y gu, vi my o gu nghch, dt loi II, K

Trong : tit din 80x100 c :

Ti trng tp trung t gia thanh l :

Chn dy dn bng ng c tit din S= 6 mm

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