This document discusses the feminine gender in Arabic. It outlines four main feminine endings: (1) a closed Ta marbūṭah, (2) an alif maqṣūrah, (3) an alif mamdūdah, and (4) some nouns with no ending. It also notes exceptions that are still feminine without these endings, including names of women, females, parts of the body, places, and everyday words. All other nouns not falling in these exceptions are masculine.
This document discusses the feminine gender in Arabic. It outlines four main feminine endings: (1) a closed Ta marbūṭah, (2) an alif maqṣūrah, (3) an alif mamdūdah, and (4) some nouns with no ending. It also notes exceptions that are still feminine without these endings, including names of women, females, parts of the body, places, and everyday words. All other nouns not falling in these exceptions are masculine.
This document discusses the feminine gender in Arabic. It outlines four main feminine endings: (1) a closed Ta marbūṭah, (2) an alif maqṣūrah, (3) an alif mamdūdah, and (4) some nouns with no ending. It also notes exceptions that are still feminine without these endings, including names of women, females, parts of the body, places, and everyday words. All other nouns not falling in these exceptions are masculine.
a) The usual feminine ending, as said in the first lesson, is ﺓ ( closed Ta – ﻮ ﹶﻃ ﹸﺔﺮﺑ ) ﺍﻟﺘﺎ ُﺀ ﺍ ﹶﳌ, e.g. ﻤ ﹸﺔ ﻃ ﻓﹶﺎ, ﺮ ﹲﺓ ﺑ ﹶﻘ a cow, ﻳ ﹲﺔﺮ ﹶﻗa village, ﻣ ﹲﺔ ﻼ ﺳ ﹶ safety. However, two feminine nouns have a long ( ﺕopen Ta – ُﺔﻮﺣ) ﺍﻟﺘﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﹶﳌ ﹾﻔﺘ at the end. They are: ﺖ ﺧ ﹸﺃsister, ﺖ ﻨ ﹺﺑdaughter. b) The second feminine ending is known as alif maqşũrah ( ﻮﺭﺓﻣ ﹾﻘﺼ ﻒ) ﺃﻟ short alif which is ﻯpronounced as ã , e.g. ﻴﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﻟ, ﻰﺳ ﹾﻠﻤ ( names of women ), ﻯﻐﺮ ﺻ ( smaller,f. ), ﻯﺒﺮ ( ﹸﻛgreater,f. ). c) The third feminine ending is called alif mamdũdah ( ﺓﻭﺩﻤﺪ ﻣ ﻒ ) ﺃﻟ, long alif which is hamzah preceded by alif, e.g. ﺎ ُﺀﺳﻤ ( ﺃname of a woman ), ﺎ ُﺀﻤﻴ ﻋ ( blind woman ), ُﺎﺀﺴﻨ ﺣ ( beautiful woman ). d) There are, however, feminine nouns that do not have any of these endings. They may be classified in the following categories: 1. Names of women, e.g. ﻢ ﻳﺮ ﻣ ، ﺪ ﻨﻫ ، ﺐ ﻨﻳﺯ 2. Females, e.g. ﻡ ﹸﺍmother, ﺱ ﻭﻋﺮ bride, ﺎ ﹲﻥ ﹶﺍﺗshe ass. 3. Parts of the body that are double, e.g. ﻦ ﻴ ﻋ eye, ﺪ ﻳ hand, ﹸﺍ ﹸﺫ ﹲﻥear, ﻉ ﺭﺍ ﺫarm, ﺟ ﹲﻞ ﹺﺭfoot, leg ﻕ ﺎ ﺳshank. 4. Names of towns and countries, e.g. ﺮ ﺼ ﻣ Egypt, ﺎﻮ ﹺﺭﻳ ﺳSyria, ﺪ ﻨ ﳍ ﺍIndia. 5. Some everyday words, e.g. ﺭ ﺩﺍhouse, ﺭ ﺎ ﻧfire, ﺢ ﻳ ﹺﺭwind, ﺎ ٌﺀﺳﻤ sky, ﺲ ﻤ ﺷ sun, ﺏ ﺮ ﺣ war, ﺽ ﺭ ﹶﺍearth, ﺲ ﻧ ﹾﻔ soul, ﻖ ﻳ ﹶﻃ ﹺﺮway,path. All the nouns that do not fall in these categories are masculine. You may also say that all nouns are masculine except those that belong to these categories.