S GIO DC V O TO HI TM L GIO DC TNH PH YN =========================

LCH S GIO DC PH YN 1945-2005

CH O THC HIN ThS. Trn Vn Chng ThS. Nguyn Vn T NGT. Nguyn Cch NGT. TS Nguyn Xun m ThS. L Nhng CN. Nguyn Th Hong Lan BAN BIN SON NGT. TS Nguyn Xun m Ch bin NGT. Nguyn Cch NGT. Nguyn Chu NGT. Trn Ngc TS. Nguyn Vn Thng ThS. Trn Khc L ThS. Nguyn Tn Ho ThS. on Vn Tam Nguyn Minh Ho L Vn Hc Phm Vn Thin BAN BIN TP ThS. Nguyn Vn T ThS. Trn Khc L NGT. TS. Nguyn Xun m TS. Nguyn Vn Thng

(nh Bc H qung khn cho em hc sinh)

Hc thc l ti sn ln nht ca Quc gia Bia Vn Miu H Ni (1466) Hin ti l nguyn kh ca Quc gia. Nguyn kh vng th th nc mnh v thnh. Nguyn kh km th th nc yu v suy. Cho nn cc Thnh Minh Vng khng ai khng chm lo xy dng nhn ti. Bia Vn Miu H Ni (1470) Mun xy dng t nc, trc ht phi pht trin gio dc. Mun tr nc phi trng dng ngi ti. Vua Quang Trung v Ng Th Nhim Chiu lp hc 1790 Non sng Vit Nam c tr nn ti p hay khng, dn tc Vit Nam c bc ti i vinh quang snh vai cng cc cng quc nm chu c hay khng, chnh l nh mt phn ln cng hc tp ca cc em! H Ch Minh Th gi hc sinh nhn ngy khai trng Nm hc 1945 Gio dc l quc sch hng u, l s nghip Nh nc v ca ton dn Lut gio dc Nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam Nm 1998

LI GII THIU
Trong dng chy lch s ca dn tc, bng xng mu v tr tu ca mnh, nhn dn Ph Yn vit ln nhng trang s v vang ca s nghip gio dc Ph Yn nht l sau Cch mng thng 8 thnh cng. Cho n nay, n gp phn tch cc vo vic nng cao dn tr, o to nhn lc, bi dng nhn ti, phc v c lc cho cng cuc u tranh gii phng dn tc, thng nht t nc v xy dng t quc ngy nay. Trc thm th k XXI, th k ca s bng n ca khoa hc k thut, ca vn ha v nhn vn, ca s hi nhp ton cu th vic nhn li qu trnh hnh thnh nn ngi cng dn, ngi chin s gii phng t nc hm qua, chun b cho con ngi xy dng tng lai cho t nc hm nay l trch nhim ht sc nng n ca ngnh gio dc ni chung v Ph Yn ni ring. Vic nghin cu tng kt mt cch c h thng v dng li bc tranh ton cnh lch s ca nn gio dc cch mng Ph Yn gp mt trang vo kho tng lch s anh hng ca nhn dn Ph Yn lm hnh trang cho th h tr l mootj vic lm ht sc quan trng v cp bch. V l m S Gio dc o to v Hi khoa hc tm l gio dc Ph Yn cng mt s anh ch em cn b gio dc Ph Yn nung nu v c nh t lu, nay c S Gio dc o to Ph Yn cho d tho bn cng nghin cu Lch s gio dc Ph Yn 1945-1005 c Hi ng ngnh gio dc thng qua. y l ti cp ngnh, do S Gio dc o to qun l, Hi khoa hc tm l gio dc lm ch tr. Ban bin tp do Gim c S Gio dc ra quyt nh thnh lp: gm cc ng ch Nh gio u t, Tin s, Thc s nguyn l Gim c, Ph gim c, Trng ty, Ph trng ty, Trng, Ph phng nghip v. y l nhng nh tr thc trong cuc, tri qua sut ba giai on cch mng ni tip nhau t khng chin chng thc dn Php n quc M v sau gii phng, ha bnh, xy dng CNXH, Kh c mt ban bin tp lch s no c nh vy. H l nhng con ngi y tm huyt v thc t vi cng vic cng hin ca mnh trong ngnh gio dc, vi tinh thn trch nhim v quyt tm cao n lc khc phc kh khn, tip tc su tm, b sung t liu, hon chnh bn tho, tin hnh nhiu cuc hi tho, ly c nhiu kin tham gia ca cc nh gio lo thnh, tip cn c nhiu ti liu qu him, a dng v nhng s kin lch s ca ngnh Gio dc trong nhng nm thng chin tranh c lit v khc su ngha cao c, nhng thnh tu mi ca ngnh ttrong thi k xy dng ha bnh. Tuy phm vi lch s gio dc Ph Yn vit t nm 1945 n nm 2005 nhng cng trnh gio dc Ph Yn vn ni n trc nm 1945 ni lin mch tinh thn ca truyn thng gio dc dn tc vi nn gio dc hin i sau Cch mng thng 8 l rt cn thit. Sau Cch mng 1945 n 2005 vi 2 giai on lch s Cch mng ca dn tc, cuc khng chin chng thc dn Php v quc M, cng trnh m t
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ng s tht, gio dc xng ng l mt mt trn cch mng kin cng, gp phn gio dc, o to nhng ngi chin s anh dng hy sinh gii phng qu hng, thng nht T quc. Vi tm nhn xa trng rng ca ng, ca Bc H, trong chin tranh c lit vn chun b cho tng lai lu di, a hng ngn con em hc sinh Ph Yn i o to min Bc, m nhng lp b tc vn ha ban m cho cn b chin s, m cc trng s phm min ni, ng bng vng gii phng o to lp thy gio tng lai sau gii phng. Cng vi s sn sng c a min Bc chi vic gio vin cho min Nam, cho Ph Yn, gip Ph Yn sc tip nhn mt mi trng gio dc mi sau gii phng. Sau khi gii phng Ph Yn, thng nht T quc, y l giai on pht trin vt bc, mnh m ca nn gio dc ng i ca t nc, cng nh tinhrbnhaf c s b sung cho nhau v kinh nghim, v c s vt cht, v con ngi. Tnh Ph Yn xy dng c mt nn gio dc tin tin, snh vai cng cc tnh bn v rt ra c nhiu bi hc kinh nghim cho sau ny. y chnh l iu Ban bin tp c gng dng ln mt bc tranh ton cnh ca nn gio dc Ph Yn trong sut chiu di lch s 60 nm vi cuc khng chin trng k hy sinh v anh dng chin u ca cc th h thy gio v hc sinh, sc mnh ca nhn dn v tr tu ca ng xy dng nn nn vn ha dn tr ca tnh nh nh ngy nay. Chng nhng phn ni dung chnh ca quyn lch s m cc bn ph lc pha sau cng chng minh s su tm cng phu v kh y ngi c, ngi xem hiu v nhng vn c th ca lch s gio dc Ph Yn. Ai cng bit lch s din ra ch mt ln, nhng vit s phi vit i vit li nhiu ln m bo ngy cng chnh xc, khch quan, trung thc v khoa hc hn. Mong rng Lch s gio dc Ph Yn 1945-2005 c nhiu bn c gn xa, trong ngnh, cc thy c gio, cc chu hc sinh c v tham gia b sung nhng iu khim khuyt sau ln ti bn s y v phong ph hn. Ngy 28 thng 12 nm 2009 Nguyn Duy Lun Nguyn y vin BCHTW ng B th Tnh y Ph Yn

LI NI U
Tm v ci ngun dn tc, tm du khai nguyn ca mt min t nc l biu hin s trng thnh ca thc con ngi, l yu cu ca mt nn vn ha trnh pht trin cao, l nguyn vng thit tha c ni mch tinh thn t hin ti tr v qu kh v hng ti tng lai ca mi lp ngi. Ch c th khc n t nhng g c th tm thy c xa nht trong cuc bin thin ca trng k lch s tn gi trong nn vn ha vt cht v nn vn ha tinh thn kh d coi nh l im khi u. Vic vit lch s gio dc Ph Yn l mt vic lm rt c ngha v mang tnh cp thit. T nm 1945 n nm 2005, 60 nm lch s ngnh gio dc l kt qu ca mt qu trnh lao ng v chin u anh dng, v vang di s lnh o ca ng, ca Ch tch H Ch Minh v i, l mt bc vinh quang trong cuc trng chinh vn dm ca dn tc nn khng th khng ni mch ngun chn nhau ct rn, vi vic nui dy ca ng b t tin ta t nhng ngy trc cch mng thng Tm, khng th khng dnh nhng trang knh trng cho cc ch s trong cng cuc tm con ng duy tn thot khi nn gio dc h ca phong kin, thc dn. Qua hai cuc khng chin v cng c lit v my mi nm xy dng t nc cng thy sc mnh v ch ca nn gio dc cch mng bin dn tc ta t mt dn tc yu tr thnh mt dn tc thng thi, vt ln ng vo hng ng nhng nc tin tin trn th gii. Cn phi khng nh v nh gi trong mt cng trnh lch s ngnh, t rt nhng bi hc kinh nghim qu bu v thc hin quan im, ng li phng chm gio dc ca ng, v ni dung phng php dy v hc ,v qun l v pht trin nn gio dc cch mng tin bc trn con ng mi. Tip bc nhng ngi lm cng tc gio dc, th h thy gio hm nay, chng ta t vn ln lm tt hn na thin chc trng ngi, cc em hc sinh hc gii hn, o c tt hn, l ngi cng dn lao ng tt, l chin s trong cng cuc CNH, HH t nc, gi vng c lp ton vn lnh th, xy dng tng lai xn ln trn mt nn gio dc hin i, tin tin. Mang tnh khoa hc v tnh thc tin, cng trnh mong mun c phn nh r o l, quan im truyn thng ca dn tc, ca ng ta v dng li c ton
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cnh qu trnh hot ng thc tin ca ngnh gio dc, cng sc ca nhn dn trong cng cuc xy dng nn gio dc. Trong qu trnh nghin cu, Ban bin tp chng ti nhn c s quan tm ca lnh o ca S Gio dc & o to, Hi khoa hc Tm l gio dc Ph Yn v s gip ca cc bc lo thnh cch mng, cc thy c gio cao nin v c nhng ngi ang ng trn bc ging, ang sng to nn lch s ca ngnh, cung cp nhiu t liu, kin qu bu. Trc mt kho tng s ca nhng s kin, v di ca thi gian, s phong ph ca ni dung v mi lin h, quan h a dng vi cc ngnh, cc hot ng khc ca ton x hi, s t nh ca ngh thut gio dc v s tng minh ca cc khoa hc nht l khoa hc gio dc, chng ti c gng rt nhiu nhng gp khng t kh khn v kh trnh khi thiu st. Cng trnh lch s ngnh gio dc hon thnh nh l mt phm vt cao khit dng ln ngy l trng i ca tnh- k nim 400 Ph Yn hnh thnh v pht trin. Ban bin tp chng ti chn thnh cm n s gip ca qu v v bn b ng nghip gn xa chung lng, gp sc lm nn cng trnh ny v mong nhn c s ch gio, b sung cho cng trnh hon thin hn. TM. Nhm tc gi NGT.TS. Nguyn Xun m

PHN M U KHI QUT V LCH S V TRUYN THNG VN HA, GIO DC PH YN

I. VI NT V T NC V CON NGI PH YN Ph Yn l tnh thuc vng duyn hi Nam Trung B, pha Bc gip tnh Bnh nh, pha Nam gip tnh Khnh Ha, pha Ty gip tnh Gia Lai v c Lc, pha ng l bin ng. Ph Yn c con ng Quc l s 1 v ng st xuyn Vit i ngang qua. ng Quc l 25, sng Rng (sng Ba) m ng cho Ty Nguyn hng ra bin c. ng bng Tuy Ha v Tuy An, tuy khng rng lm nhng ph nhiu mu m c mnh danh l va la ca min Trung. Vi v tr c bit, a l t nhin lm cch tr nhng cng nhiu thun li, va khc nghit li va tr ph, hu tnh. T bao i, min t ny ng vai tr chin lc quan trng trong trng k pht trin ca dn tc. Din tch t nhin ca Ph Yn l 5.045km2. Theo Nin gim thng k tnh Ph Yn nm 2005, dn s Ph Yn l 861.110 ngi, trong thnh th 173.132 ngi v nng thn l 687.978 ngi1. T rt sm, vng t Ph Yn l ni qun t ca nhiu dn tc anh em, bn cnh ngi Kinh chim a s (95,5%), l nhng bun lng ca ngi ng bo Chm (1,9%), (1,9%), Bana (0,4%). V sau, c thm mt s ng bo dn tc thiu s khc nh Giai rai, Ty, Mng... n nh c, ch yu vng cao min ni ca tnh. Cng ng c dn t thi tin s s n nay chung lng u ct, bao m hi, xng mu, lao ng tr tu khai sn ph thch, xy dng, bo v v pht trin mnh t ny. Trn vng t Ph Yn, theo cc nh kho c hc, nghin cu lch s, h su tm v khai qut c nhng chic ru, li cuc, chic bn bng Lnh Cao (ng Xun), hn n (Sn Ha), hn C (Sng Hinh), hn Miu (Tuy Ha), Phong Nin (Ph Ha) chng minh trn t Ph Yn ngy nay, con ngi tng tri qua t thi hu k mi.
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Tng cc thng k, Nin gim thng k tnh Ph Yn 2005. Cc Thng k Ph Yn xut bn,2006, tr.20.

S pht hin cc di tch: Eo Bng (x Sn Thnh, huyn Tuy Ha), G c (x Xun Bnh, huyn Sng Cu), G Cy Th (x Ha Hip Nam, huyn ng Ha), Di tch Cn nh (cn gi l G nh, x Xun Lc, huyn Sng Cu), G Bng Du (thn Long Thy, x An Ph, thnh ph Tuy Ha ngy nay)... b n ni Mt (x An Nghip, huyn Tuy An), t v thn Ph Cn (x An Th, huyn Tuy An), trng ng g Da (thn Xun Thnh, x Ha Tn, huyn Ty Ha), ni L (Ha M, huyn Ty Ha), thn Ph Ha (Ha Hip Trung, huyn ng Ha) chng t y tn ti mt nn vn ha khong th k th II I TCN tng ng vi nin i ca nn vn ha Sa Hunh c cc giai on s k, trung k v hu k. Vng t Ph Yn l ni tn ti nhiu di tch ca nn vn ha Chm nh cc ging Chm Sng Cu, Tuy An, thp Chm thnh ph Tuy Ha, hn Mc (Ha nh), thnh Li (An Ninh Ty), thnh H (Ha nh, Ph Ha)2 Nm 1471, khi vua L Thnh Tng thng lnh 26 vn qun thy b tin binh chinh pht Chm pa, chim c thnh Ch Bn (Qui Nhn), qun i Vit vt o C Mng tin n o C. Tng truyn vua L Thnh Tng cho khc bia trn ni ghi du chin cng, v phn nh ranh gii i Vit pha Nam. Trong Ph bin tp lc ca L Qu n c ghi: Ni Thch Bi thuc tnh Ph Yn l ni phn cng gii gia Tin triu nc ta v nc Chim Thnh3. ghi cng n m t ca tin nhn, ngi dn Ph Yn lp miu th ti thn Long Uyn, huyn Tuy An. Cu i ca B chnh inh Nho Quang nm T c th 37 nh sau: Giang sn khai thc h nin, ph lo tng truyn Hng c s. Tr u hinh hng th a, thanh linh trng i thch bi cao Ngha: Non sng m t nm no, ph lo truyn nhau cng Hng c. L knh hng thm t y, danh thing xng mi ngn bi sn. Ni bia mang ngha thing ling ca thi k m t. Ni y ha thnh vn v ha vo di sn vn ha dn tc, mt di tch vang vng trang nghim nh li cn dn ca cha Nguyn Hong vi con Nguyn Phc Nguyn: t Thun Qung pha bc c ni Ngang [Honh Sn] v sng Gianh [Linh Giang] him tr,
2 3

a ch Ph Yn Nxb Chnh tr Quc gia 200 3, tr. 141-152. L Qu n. Ph Bin tp lc, tp 1. Nxb Si Gn,1972, tr.213.

pha nam ni Hi Vn v ni Bia [Thch Bi sn] vng bn. Ni sn vng st, bin c c mui, tht l t dng v ca ngi anh hng4. Nm 1578, ngi Chm li tin hnh vic ln chim, Lng Vn Chnh em qun nh ly Thnh H, x An Nghip, ph Tuy Ha. n nm 1597, qua ni dung Sc lnh ca Nguyn Hong5, Lng Vn Chnh vi chc quan trn bin, chiu tp lu dn t Thun Qung vo C Mng, B i khai khn t ai, thit lp vng t mi - Ph Yn. Vit S x ng Trong ghi rng: vic khai khn Ph Yn thu y nh Lng Vn Chnh mt phn ln. ng chiu tp lu dn, khai khn t hoang C Mng, Xun i, di dn n , li m dn v t lm rung vng sng Din ( Rng) chia lp thn, p, cc ni y cng ngy cng ng c6. ng Lng Vn Chnh c xem l ngi c cng u, l v thnh hong lp nn vng t Ph Yn ngy nay. Thi gian tri qua, vng t Ph Yn hnh thnh cc quan h x hi, dng tc, cc th ch qun l lng x dn c n nh v pht trin. Nm 1611, ph Ph Yn c thnh lp vi 2 huyn ng Xun v Tuy Ha. Nm 1744, cha Nguyn Phc Khot c n vng ln ngi Cha Ph Xun, ban lnh sa i y phc, quy nh triu phc vn v, i mi t chc hnh chnh, chia ng trong lm 12 dinh v 1 trn. Ph Yn l mt trong 12 dinh (dinh nh n v cp tnh ngy nay), chnh thc tr thnh mt cng ng trong i gia nh Vit Nam, cng vi nhn dn c nc chung lng xy dng giang san7. T nm 1771, thi k Ty Sn thi dy nghip ca 3 anh em ngi nng dn Nguyn Nhc, Nguyn Hu, Nguyn L dng c khi ngha vi li hch Ti dm khi nng hn. Ko dn cng ra khi chn lm than. Min ty Ph Yn c dy ni La Hin hng v tip gip vi vng ni An Kh, l mt trong nhng cn c ca ngha qun Ty Sn thng o. Nhn dn Ph Yn, c ngi Kinh ln ngi Thng u rm r hng ng v tham gia phong tro ngay nhng ngy u tin. Trong hi hng binh nh tan 3 vn qun Xim Rch Gm, Xoi Mt (1785), v trong cuc tin qun thn tc ca i hnh tng binh, k binh, b binh, p dy Trng sn, ngc ng Thin l nh tan 20 vn qun Thanh trn quyt chin Ngc Hi - ng a chim li thnh Thng Long gia ngy mng 5 tt K Du
4 5

Quc s qun triu Nguyn, i Nam thc lc. Vin S hc, 2004, T1, tr.37. Sc lnh nm 1597 ca Nguyn Hong, ti liu1/3/2005 lu ti n th Lng Vn Chnh, Ho Tr, Ph Ha. 6 Phan Khoang. Vit s x ng Trong. Nxb Vn Hc, TP. HCM,2001, tr.297. 7 a ch Ph Yn, Sd, tr.841-842.

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(1789) gii phng t nc, thng nht giang san ca ngi anh hng dn tc Nguyn Hu, trong tuyt nh vinh quang cuc bng n lch s ca nng dn Vit Nam c s ng gp t nhiu ca nhn dn Ph Yn. Ph Yn l ni ng mi chng gic, nm trn l trnh tin qun ca 2 lc lng i u gia qun Ty Sn v qun Nguyn nh, nhn dn Ph Yn li phi chu ng bit bao cuc sc c lit tn khc, cng sc, thu kha, lnh trng, lao dch cho cc lc lng chim ng. Nhng ngn ni, dng sng trn vng t Ph Yn in du bit bao chin cng, bit bao s tch bi trng, thm m mu o ca ngi dn Ph Yn m nhng nhn vt tiu biu l danh tng nh V Vn Dng 8, nh i tng qun Ty Sn vn thao v lc tin s Nguyn K Chiu 9, nh danh s Lu Quc Hng, nh cha Thy X Ma Khng (dn tc Chm) v tiu biu nht l mi on kt Kinh Thng to nn sc mnh ca phong tro. Vo na sau th k XIX (thng 9-1858) thc dn Php xm lc nc ta, nhn dn Ph Yn c nhiu ng gp cng vi triu nh chng gic. Sau s kin triu nh tht th Kinh thnh Hu nm 1885, ngy 13 thng 7 nm 1885 vua Hm Nghi ra chiu Cn Vng ku gi thn dn trong c nc ni dy chng thc dn xm lc. Cng vi cc s phu yu nc khp Trung K t Thanh Ha vo n Bnh Thun, cc s phu Ph Yn lnh o nhn dn hng ng li hch cu nc mt cch rm r. Cuc khi ngha ca T ti L Thnh Phng l tiu biu cho phong tro Cn Vng Ph Yn. Mc d cuc khi ngha gy cho ch nhiu tn tht, nhng ri tht bi cng bi cnh chung ca phong tro Cn Vng c nc. Cuc hng ng Cn Vng cu nc ca nhn dn Ph Yn b thc dn Php n p. Th lnh ca phong tro b bt, b k ch d d, tra tn d man nhng L Thnh Phng khng khi trc mt k th: ninh th t bt ninh th nhc (th chu cht ch khng sng nhc). Cuc khi ngha i vo lch s m nim ngng m cm thng ngm ngi cn mi vi t nc v con ngi Ph Yn.
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Danh tng Ty sn, thi hn vi tng theo ngi bun nga vo Ph Yn, duyn may gp lo trng h Lng dng di Lng Vn Chnh Tuy Ha, th gio c mn trng kim on ao, cch nh trn b, nga trn t trnh cao cng (theo cun Nh Ty Sn ca Quch Tn, Quch Giao nhn k nim 200 nm chin thng Ngc hi-ng a S Vn ha thng tin Ngha Bnh xut bn). 9 Theo sch Nguyn tc th truyn: Nguyn K Chiu sinh nm t Du 1765 u tin s i tng qun triu Quang Trung.V l L Th M Trinh (con gi i c Ty Sn L Vn Hng). Sau khi nh Ty Sn mt, Nguyn K Chiu cng cc tng s Ty Sn lui v ni La Hin, tng hnh dinh ma thin ng lp bo ngha kin nghip hi mu phc hi nghip ch.

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 Loan nc lng nh t Thng ngi ch s dng c Cn vng Tri bao gi t mn sng Mt lng v nc, nu gng anh hng! Ni tip cuc khi ngha ca L Thnh Phng, cc cuc vn ng chng Php Ph Yn lin tc din ra nh Nguyn Ho S (1890-1892), V Tr v Trn Cao Vn nhng nm 1898-1900, gp phn ngn cn qu trnh bnh nh ca thc dn Php trn di t min Trung v c nc. Nhng nm u th k XX, phong tro duy tn ca cc s phu yu nc tin b di nh hng ca t tng dn ch t sn phng Ty, phong tro vn ng chng i phong bi tc, m trng dy ch quc ng, c ng dng hng ni ha, chng cng ho nhng nhiu. Cuc biu tnh ca ng o nhn dn i gim su, gim thu Ph Yn bt u din ra (1906-1908). Nhng cu v trong nhn dn a phng cn lu truyn, cng phn nh iu : Tai nghe Tam tng u thy ng bo tuyn th cp ry u i. Ng, Mi mi khi mt khi, Nm ny l chnh vy th Mu Thn10 . Ni din ra ch yu ca phong tro l Tuy Ha, Tuy An, ng Xun do nho s Nguyn Hu Dc v L Vn Hanh lnh o lm cho b my Nam triu cc a phng trong tnh hong ht, thc dn Php lo s lin c chnh sch gim su thu11 cho nng dn. u nm 1930, phong tro yu nc chng Php Ph Yn pht trin cng vi phong tro chung ca c nc, nht l s chuyn bin nhanh chng ca phong tro yu nc sang khuynh hng v sn. Bc ngot ca cch mng l ng Cng sn Vit Nam ra i (2-1930) do Nguyn i Quc sng lp v lnh o cuc u tranh. Ph Yn sau s kin mt thi gian, ngy 5 thng 10 nm 1930, chi b ng Cng sn u tin c thnh lp do ng ch Phan Lu Thanh lm B th.

1010
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Nguyn nh T. Non nc Ph Yn. Nxb Tin Giang, 1965, tr.153, 156 Dn theo: Nguyn Vn Thng. Phong tro chng su thu Ph Yn nm 1908, Tp ch NCLS nm 2007 . (Gim thu thn t 2,40 ng xung 2,20ng, gim 4 ngy su cng ch xung 3 ngy v khng tng 5% thu in na. Ngy 31-12-1908, Ton quyn ng Dng chun y Ngh nh ngy 31-12-1907, gim s ngy i xu hng tnh t 8 ngy xung cn 5 ngy)

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Cng cuc u tranh gii phng dn tc bc sang mt giai on cch mng mi. Di s lnh o ca ng vi ng li chin lc ng n, ph hp quy lut pht trin ca thi i, ng cng sn tp hp c cc tng lp nhn dn trong c nc, khi dy ngn la yu nc, chin u c hun c sut chiu di ca lch s vng ln nh t sng tro v i lm nn thng li v vang ca cch mng ma Thu thng Tm nm 1945. Nc Vit Nam dn ch cng ha ra i, song nim vui c xy dng cuc i mi trong t do, c lp cha c bao lu, th cng vi nhn dn c nc, nhn dn Ph Yn li phi tin hnh 2 cuc khng chin trng k chng thc dn Php, quc M v tay sai xm lc vi m mu chia ct lu di nc ta. Vi tinh thn yu nc, truyn thng u tranh anh dng, ton dn on kt triu ngi nh mt th hy sinh tt c, ch nht quyt khng chu mt nc, nht nh khng chu lm n l, khng g qu hn c lp, t do di s lnh o ca ng, qun v dn ta lm nn chin thng v vang, gii phng min Nam, thng nht T quc nm 1975. Vi 54 n v x, huyn, th v 15 c nhn c phong tng danh hiu Anh hng lc lng v trang vi 14.000 lit s, 857 b m Vit Nam anh hng ni ln din mo k v, cuc chin u anh hng, s hy sinh v b bn ca ngi dn trn t Ph Yn ny cho nhng gi tr ginh c hm nay! Con ngi Ph Yn cht phc, hin ha, dng cm v thng minh sng, lao ng v chin u trong sut chiu di lch s bo v v dng xy qu hng giu v p xng ng vi nim t ho ng trong hng ng i gia nh Vit Nam, iu c hun c nn mt nn vn hin ngn i ca dn tc, mt nn vn ha gio dc m bn sc Vit Nam. II. TRUYN THNG VN HA - GIO DC PH YN Theo dng lch s ca dn tc, Vit Nam c hnh thnh v li phi sm ng u vi gic ngoi xm bo v T quc. Trong ngn nm u tranh chng xm lc ca phong kin phng Bc cng l ngn nm dn tc ta u tranh chng li s n dch bng vn ha gio dc ca k th. Dn tc ta khng b nn gio dc Nho gio ca Trung Quc ng ha m ngc li cn bit la chn, hp thu nhng tinh hoa ca nn vn ha xy dng v pht trin cho nn vn ha Vit Nam.

13

Tri qua cc triu i ginh c c lp t ch, ng cha ta xy dng nn mt nn vn hin rc r m khi u bng vic ra i Quc t gim trng i hc u tin ca Vit Nam vo nm 1076. Quc T gim c thnh lp sm hn c mt s trng i hc ln t thi k vn ha phc hng chu u12. S tn vinh 1347 v tin s c khc tn 82 bia Vn Miu qua cc triu i phong kin Vit Nam t 1442 n 1779 chng t t lu i ng cha ta ch xy dng mt nn quc hc m bn sc dn tc. Tinh thn hin ti l nguyn kh quc gia, cc nh khoa bng, cc nh tr thc Vit Nam l rng ct ca nn vn hin cng vi cc minh qun, lng thn xy dng nn nhiu triu i phong kin cc thnh nc ta. Do iu kin lch s, a l, tnh Ph Yn cha xut hin nhiu nh i tr song cc bc ti tr Ph Yn nh Lng Vn Chnh, o Tr, Nguyn Cng Nhn, L Thnh Phng, Nguyn Ho S, Nguyn Hu Dc, Phan Lu Thanh cng gp mt vo pho s vng ca dn tc v cc hn s, hng s lng l gp phn bo tn v pht trin nn hc vn cho nhn dn lao ng Ph Yn. D tri qua thi Php thuc, chng dng chnh sch ngu dn km hm dn ta trong vng ngu ti, lc hu hng p bc, bc lt, song vi lng yu nc, ch qut cng lp lp ngi Vit Nam vng ln chng thc dn Php ginh c lp, t do. i u l cc nh nho, cc ch s yu nc u th k XX nh cc c Phan Bi Chu, Phan Chu Trinh, Nguyn Thng Hin, Nguyn Vn T c sy phong tro Duy tn, ng kinh ngha thc, truyn b quc ng khai dn tr, chn dn kh, hu dn sinh mu cu dn tc c lp, dn quyn t do v dn sinh hnh phc. V c bit, t khi c ng cng sn Vit Nam ra i, vai tr v t tng ca Nguyn i Quc H Ch Minh khng nhng em li cho cch mng Vit Nam con ng gii phng ng n m t nm 1943 vi cng vn ha ca ng ch ra con ng u tranh xy dng mt nn vn ha dn tc, khoa hc, i chng. Gio dc c xem nh l mt v kh sc bn, mt mt trn u
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Nm 1150 trng i hc Paris (Php) Nm 1167 trng i hc Oxford (Anh) Nm 1233 trng i hc Canbridge (Anh) Nm 1338 trng i hc Bologne () Nm 1385 trng i hc Heideinburg (c)

14

tranh cch mng, vn ng, tp hp gic ng mi tng lp qun chng lao ng, gii tr thc, gio gii, sinh vin hc sinh trong mt trn i on kt dn tc v a cuc cch mng n thnh cng . T sau cch mng thng Tm 1945, Ph Yn ch sau mt nm pht ng hng ng li ku gi dit gic dt ca Ch tch H Ch Minh, n thng 7 nm 1947 c trn 10 vn ngi thot m ch, l mt trong 3 tnh i u ca Lin khu V, c Chnh ph khen thng. Trong 9 nm khng chin chng Php, Ph Yn c trn hng ngn hc sinh vi hng trm gio vin. Trng Lng Vn Chnh l trng trung hc u tin ra i (10-1946) nh du mt bc tin vt bc ca nn gio dc cch mng ca tnh. Sau nm 1954, Ph Yn xy dng c mt nn gio dc dn tc dn ch nhn dn vi mt h thng c gio dc bnh dn v gio dc ph thng, t cc lp mu gio, tiu hc n bc trung hc. Ngnh gio dc gp phn tch cc vo thng li to ln ca cng cuc khng chin chng Php, hun c trong nhn dn v nht l trong tng lp thanh thiu nin lng yu nc nng nn, yu ch dn ch cng ha su sc h tr thnh nhng chin s yu nc tip tc cuc khng chin chng M cu nc, gii phng min Nam thng nht nc nh. Cuc khng chin chng M ko di sut 21 nm, mt cuc chin tranh v cng tn khc v c lit, nhn dn Vit Nam phi ng u vi mt k th hng mnh nhng di s lnh o ti tnh ca ng cng sn Vit Nam, qun v dn c 2 min Nam Bc tin hnh cuc chin tranh nhn dn ln lt p tan cc chin lc qun s ca M. V gio dc, trong thi gian ny, trn min Nam song song tn ti 2 nn gio dc: nn gio dc trong vng chnh quyn Si Gn tm thi kim sot v nn gio dc cch mng c xy dng v pht trin trong vng cn c, vng gii phng. Trong cuc chin tranh nhn dn, gio dc c xem nh l mt mt trn. Thy gio v hc sinh l nhng chin s. H khng ch dy hc vn ha m cng tham gia u tranh chng gic gi lng, gii phng qu hng. Cng trong bi cnh ton min Nam, Ph Yn cng nh cc tnh, d chin tranh din ra c lit, Tnh y Ph Yn vn ch o cho ngnh gio dc n lc vt mi kh khn m cc lp b tc vn ha cho cn b, cc trng ni tr cho cc con em ngi dn tc, gi con em ra min Bc hc tp o to cn b cho tng lai
15

v c bit l m cc trng s phm min ni, s phm ng bng o to gio vin chun b n thi c pht trin ngnh gio dc sau ngy gii phng. Tuy s lng trng lp, hc sinh trong vng cn c v vng gii phng cha nhiu, phong tro lc ln, lc xung ph thuc vo tnh hnh ca chin trng, song nn gio dc cch mng c hnh thnh v xy dng thnh mt h thng t chc hot ng c hiu qu t cc nhm hc tp, cc lp, cc trng hc khng chin. Nhng hot ng ny c ngha chnh tr ln, nht l khi dy v hun c l tng yu nc, tinh thn cch mng gii phng dn tc i vi hc sinh trong vng kim sot ca ch. Cuc khng chin chng M cu nc thng li, ngy 1-4-1975 Ph Yn gi phng, t nc thng nht. Thng 11- 1975, tnh Khnh Ha v Ph Yn c hp nht thnh tnh Ph Khnh. Nhim v trng tm ca ngnh gio dc trong nhng ngy u gii phng lc by gi l t chc li ngnh gio dc theo h thng mi, s dng i ng gio vin vng mi gii phng, t chc hc tp thm nhun quan im, nguyn l, phng chm, ni dung, phng php ca nn gio dc cch mng, xa b nhng nh hng, tn d ca nn gio dc n dch ca M ngy. ng thi ngnh gio dc nhanh chng m cc trng S phm mu gio, S phm s cp, trung cp o to i ng gio vin mi p ng yu cu pht trin x hi. Nh trng mi, thy gio v hc sinh l nhn t quan trng trong vic gp phn n nh tnh hnh x hi, xy dng i sng mi sau ngy gii phng. Phong tro lao ng xy dng trng lp, gip ng bo sa li nh ca b tn ph trong chin tranh, p ng giao thng, khai mng sn xut, gip dn gt hi ma mng. Ngnh gio dc l lc lng nng ct trong phong tro xa nn m ch, b tc vn ha. Nguyn l gio dc X hi ch ngha, qua lao ng tp th, gio dc gn lin vi lao ng sn xut, hc i i vi hnh, gio dc nh trng kt hp cht ch vi gio dc gia nh v x hi tng bc thm nhun trong qu trnh o to ca nh trng mi. Cng vi s phc hi v pht trin ca kinh t, gio dc Ph Yn pht trin nhanh chng. H thng t chc qun l ca gio dc t x, huyn n tnh bc u c t chc cht ch, p ng yu cu ca phong tro gio dc thi k mi. Cc ngnh hc mm non, cp 1, cp 2 c m rng khp cc bun lng. Tng cm x
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trong huyn c trng cp 3. Phong tro thi ua dy tht tt, hc tht tt, cht lng gio dc ton din hc vn ha, vn ngh, th dc th thao, cng tc x hi, cng tc on i Bc Ph Khnh (Ph Yn) pht trin vt tri nh tip tc pht huy truyn thng gio dc cch mng trong 9 nm khng chin chng Php v trong thi k chng M. i hi ng ton quc ln th VI - nm 1986, i hi i mi nn kinh t chuyn m hnh tp trung bao cp sang nn kinh t th trng vi nhiu thnh phn theo nh hng x hi ch ngha tc ng su sc n s pht trin gio dc. Di nh sng ca Ngh quyt TW4 (kha VII) v Ngh quyt TW2 (kho VIII) ca ban chp hnh Trung ng ng v cng tc gio dc, quan im gio dc l quc sch hng u ngy cng c qun trit su sc n ca cc cp. Thng 7-1993, y ban Nhn dn tnh Ph Yn ra quyt nh giao cho S Gio dc qun l ton din theo ngnh trn a bn ton tnh nh qun l v t chc, nhn s, chuyn mn, ti chnh v c s vt cht. Nh th hiu qu qun l, cht lng gio dc c tng ln r rt, mi quan h gia S gio dc vi cc a phng ngy mt cht ch, nhp nhng, hiu qu hn. V bc Tiu hc, nhm nng cao cht lng ton din cho hc sinh tiu hc, ngnh ch trng i mi phng php, m bo ging dy 9 mn hc trong tt c cc trng tiu hc k c cc mn ht, nhc v m thut. V bc Trung hc c s (THCS), thc hin cuc i mi v h thng gio dc, vic tch bc THCS ra khi bc hc ph thng c s (PTCS) trc y, lc u cng gy ra mt s kh khn song ngnh nhanh chng khc phc nhng kh khn v c s vt cht, trng lp, sch gio khoa, gio vin, nn quy m hc sinh PTCS (cp 2) khng nhng duy tr m cn pht trin mnh m, t l hc sinh lu ban, b hc t 28,3% (nm hc 90 91) gim xung 2,3% (nm hc 1998 1999) tng s hc sinh PTCS tng gn gp i t 31.058 hc sinh (1992 1993) tng ln 59.356 hc sinh (nm hc 1998 1999). V bc Trung hc ph thng (THPT), thc hin ch trng x hi ha gio dc, a dng ha cc loi hnh trng hc, ngoi h thng cc trng cng lp, tnh m thm 4 trng THPT bn cng, 2 trng THPT dn lp. Cht lng hc sinh THPT dn c nng cao, cng snh vai vi cc tnh khu vc Nam Trung b, trng THPT chuyn Lng Vn Chnh vn gi vng c truyn thng hc gii,
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hng nm t c nhiu gii cao trong k thi Quc gia v k thi Olypic khu vc pha Nam v k thi tuyn vo i hc. Trng hc cho con em hc sinh cc dn tc min ni xy dng c 1 trng ni tr cp tnh v 3 trng cp huyn v o to c hng trm hc sinh tt nghip trung hc ph thng, a vo hc i hc v cc trng chuyn nghip chun b i ng cn b cc ngnh cho cc dn tc anh em. Nm 1989, b phn gio vin, sinh vin t trng Cao ng S phm Nha Trang chuyn v Ph Yn khi ti lp tnh cng vi trng Trung cp S phm Ph Yn lm nhim v o to gio vin p ng y yu cu gio vin tiu hc v trung hc c s cho tnh. Thng 9/1995 c Chnh ph quyt nh nng cp thnh trng Cao ng S phm Ph Yn nm trong h thng trng i hc, Cao ng ca c nc. Nm 1998, tnh Ph Yn c nh nc cng nhn hon thnh xa nn m ch v ph cp tiu hc. Sau 15 nm ti lp tnh v i mi, di s lnh o ca ng v chnh quyn cc cp, ngnh Gio dc Ph Yn n lc vt qua mi kh khn xy dng v pht trin gio dc quc dn rng khp t thnh ph n ng bng, t min ni n vng duyn hi, gm cc bc hc mm non, tiu hc, trung hc n cao ng, vi a dng loi hnh trng lp: cng lp, bn cng, t thc; cht lng gio dc ton din dn c nng cao. Ph Yn l mt trong mt s t tnh trong c nc sm ph kn mn ngoi ng; phong tro x hi ha gio dc c y mnh; nhn dn tch cc tham gia xy dng c s vt cht, trng lp trang thit b nh trng c khang trang, i mi. n nm 2005, ngnh gio dc Ph Yn gp phn tch cc vo cng cuc xy dng v pht trin kinh t, vn ha v x hi tnh nh.

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PHN TH NHT

GIO DC PH YN TRC NM 1945

CHNG I GIO DC PH YN T TH K XVII N NA CUI TH K XIX

I. KHI QUT GIO DC VIT NAM TRC KHI PHP XM LC Dn tc Vit Nam c truyn thng hiu hc v mt nn gio dc lu i. Nn gio dc dn tc o to bit bao th h ngi Vit Nam cho cng cuc xy dng, bo v v pht trin t nc. Trong hn mt ngn nm Bc thuc, gio dc nc ta c s dng nh mt li kh chng li m mu ng ha cc dn tc Vit Nam ca phong kin phng Bc. Trong thi k ny, nh trng lc u ch dnh cho con em ngi Hn. Sau , dn dn cng c mt s ngi Vit thuc tng lp trn c vo hc. Gio dc lc u ch o to mt s quan li lm tay sai cho chng ch khng m mang hc vn cho ton dn. Nm 938, vi trn thng ca Ng Quyn trn sng Bch ng chm dt thi k thng tr ca phong kin phng Bc mt nghn nm, khi phc li nn c lp cho t nc, m u thi k xy dng v bo v quc gia thng nht, c lp v t ch. Triu i nh Ng khai sng v tip ni l cc triu i inh, Tin L, tt c u chm lo cng c chnh quyn, n nh vic ngoi giao hn na thi gian tr v cn ngn ngi nn cha lo c nhiu trong vic t chc gio dc. T triu i nh L (1009-1225), vua L Thnh Tng (1054-1072), nm 1070 cho xy dng Vn miu th c Khng T v mn (tht thp nh hin) t lng tn sng nho gio. Nm 1076, Quc T gim mt kiu trng i hc u tin Vit Nam c thnh lp Kinh Thng Long (H Ni), Vn miu - Quc T gim l mt minh chng tiu biu cho nn vn hin Vit Nam. Bc sang i Trn, Nho gio vn tip tc pht trin, song cha chim c a v c tn- o gio v pht gio nht l pht gio cn c nh hng rt ln i vi nh nc. Nm 1246, vua Trn Thi Tng nh l thi Tin s, c 7 nm mt
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kha thi. Trong kha thi tin s u tin nm 1427, quy nh v th trng tuyn vi tam khi: Trng nguyn, Bng nhn, Thm hoa. Theo i Vit Lch triu ng khoa lc, i Trn v i H t chc 16 k thi i khoa, ly 497 Thi hc sinh v Tin s. Cuc khi ngha Lam Sn thng li, chm dt ch h ca nh Minh. Lch s dn tc bc sang thi k mi. Ch phong kin tp quyn c xy dng v cng c vng mnh. Nc i Vit bc vo thi k hng thnh. Vn ha dn tc pht trin nhanh v t nhiu thnh tu rc r, gio dc bin chuyn nhanh, vic thi c vo nn np. V tnh hnh gio dc x ng trong (trong thi k Trnh - Nguyn phn tranh), cc cha Nguyn phng Nam do phi lo toan m mang b ci, t chc di dn khai khn t ai, t chc chnh quyn cai tr, tuyn m binh lnh, d tr lng thc, o ho p ly i u vi h Trnh, nn vic gio dc x ng trong cha c pht trin. Cui th k XVIII, vua Quang Trung a ra nhiu chnh sch tin b trong c chnh sch gio dc. Xut thn t nng thn, Nguyn Hu - vua Quang Trung khng chu nhiu nh hng o l ca nho hc, t nhn sinh ra chn ho lnh, hc s nghe trng nn ng v pha nhn dn m sa i vic hc, cho lp sng chnh th vin c nhim v: * Coi sc vic hc trong nc, tin c nhn ti, tuyn truyn o hc rn c nhn tm. Ch trng dy ngi t gc, ch trng nhng iu thit thc. y l nt khc nhau v tin b so vi li hc t chng khoa c. * Ly ch Nm lm Quc t, dng trong hnh chnh v gio dc. * Dch sch ch Hn ra ch Nm, t vua Quang Trung c k cc bn dch v gp ph bnh thng thn, biu th mt tinh thn dn tc mnh m trong gio dc. * Ngay khi mi ln ngi, vua Quang Trung ban chiu lp hc (xy dng vic hc). Ni dung c on: Chiu ny ban xung, dn cc x nn lp nh hc ca x mnh. Chn nhng nho s c hc, c c hnh trong x, t lm chc ging dy dy d hc tr trong x. Cn nh T V (Miu Vn Thnh) ca cc ph, sai dn a phng trng nom. i n khi chn c s sai quan hun o ca ph n t lm trng ging tp ca ph. Hn trong nm nay m khoa thi Hng, ly t ti hng u vo trng Quc
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hc, hng th th a v hc Ph. Nhng ngi Hng cng ca triu i c cha c b nhim th phi n i ti Triu b sung vo cc chc Hun o, Tri huyn. Cc nho sinh v sinh c, tt c u c i n k thi vo thi. Loi u th c vo tuyn, loi km th tr v trng hc ca x. Cc sinh ba quan (dt nt) tt c phi tr v hng thng dn cng gnh vc phu phen tp dch vi dn. T nay v sau cc x c t chc ging dy th phi np danh sch cho quan huyn chuyn di ln quan triu nh cp bng, khin cho h bit s khch l ca trm13. Ni dung t chiu v gio dc ca triu Ty Sn cho ta thy ngha ci cch ln lao trong quan im, i tng, ni dung v phng php gio dc l rt tin b trong lch s gio dc Vt Nam. Th k XIX bt u vi triu i nh Nguyn (Gia Long- 1802) lt triu i Ty Sn, ln ngi vua ng Ph Xun (Hu). p dng kinh nghim nh L, cc vua nh Nguyn nhn thc vai tr quan trng ca Nho gio trong cng vic xy dng v cng c ch phong kin tp quyn chuyn ch, t chc v pht trin gio dc trn nn tng nho hc. H thng trng hc cc tnh c thnh lp. Trng ph c Gio th, trng huyn c Hun o, trng tnh hay o c c hc lm nhim v qun l vic hc ca dn trong ht v vic ging dy cc trng. n nm 1807, kha thi Hng u tin c t chc ly 61 hng cng. T nm 1825, di triu vua Minh Mnh ngi hng cng c gi l C nhn, ngi sinh l T ti. Triu Nguyn khng ly Trng nguyn. T 1829 ly ngi thi Hi u l Tin s, di l Ph bng (kha thi Hi cui cng nm 1919 7 tin s v 16 ph bng). Di thi Nguyn coi trng pht trin gio dc nho hc nn c nhiu cng trnh hc thut v s a, hi in, hin chng c cht lng tt v nhiu tc phm vn hc ch Nm c gi tr. * V phng php hc tp ca nn gio dc phong kin l kinh vin, gio iu, hu nh tin tng tuyt i vo nhng li dy trong t th, ng kinh. Hnh thc lm bi phi tun theo nhng qui tc cht ch, g b, my mc theo lut bng trc, nim lut i cu, i ch. Trong cc k thi phi g theo cc qui tc nghim ngt, nht l khng c phm hy.
13

Do Ng Th Nhm tho ghi trong Hn cc Anh Hoa ( Th Ho dch)

21

* V h thng nh trng, di thi phong kin nc ta bao gm c trng cng v trng t. Trng cng c t chc Kinh , tnh v ph, huyn. Quc T gim lp Kinh , l trng cng cao nht. Trng t c t chc khp ni. * V ch thi c, ty tng thi k lch s c th hin khc nhau, nhng nhn chung c th khi qut nn gio dc phong kin c 2 ch thi thng dng: Thi Hng ( tnh v lin tnh) v thi Hi thi nh ( Kinh ) Nn gio dc phong kin nc ta tn ti gn mt ngn nm lch s, c nhng ng gp khng nh i vi vic pht trin nn vn ha dn tc. nhng giai on nht nh ca lch s, gio dc nho hc gp phn cng c v pht trin nh nc phong kin Vit Nam. Nh nc phong kin coi trng gio dc, bi dng tuyn chn hin ti, trng dng nho s, coi trng lun l, l ngha gp phn c bn vo xy dng nn o c x hi, pht trin truyn thng hiu hc ca dn tc. Nn gio dc c du c nhiu hn ch v mc tiu, ni dung phng php dn n nhng hn ch v tc dng x hi. Song vi tinh thn dn tc, thc t cng t ch ca cc triu i phong kin Vit Nam hc tp v rt ra t Nho hc nhng yu t tch cc ph hp vi yu cu dng nc, gi nc cng vi truyn thng vn ha dn tc m vun bi cho nn vn hin Vit Nam. II. GIO DC PH YN TRC NM 1885 2.1. Hnh thc t chc V t chc gio dc, trng Tnh c quan c hc ph trch, trng Ph c Gio th, trng Huyn c Hun o. Hc sinh tui nh c hc khai tm t cc thy tp nghe, tp c, tp vit ch t nhng bi hc v lng (tam t kinh, nht thin t, tam thin t, u hc qunh lm, minh o gia hun, minh tm bu gim). Cc trng ph, trng huyn, trng tnh c hc cc b sch kinh in Nho gio: T th, Ng kinh, Bc s (trong chng trnh ci cch 1908 hc thm ch Quc ng, Nam s v c c ting Php (tnh nguyn) tiu chun nng lc c tuyn d thi Hng. Sinh Ph Yn d thi Hng trng thi Gia nh, hoc Tha Thin, sau tp trung v trng thi Bnh nh (ngy xa nh giu mi c iu kin mi thy gii phng xa n nh Bnh nh, Qung Nam, Tha Thin Hu v nhiu nht l thy x Ngh lm gia s).

22

Nm 1813, triu nh Hu cho m 2 trng thi hng ti Qung c v Bnh nh, s t Ph Yn ng th ti trng thi Bnh nh v c hng quyn li cp lng i ng. Do vic hc Ph Yn ngy cng pht trin, nm Minh Mng th 3 (thng 71823), trn Ph Yn c triu nh cho t chc c hc (ng Phm V Phc l c hc u tin)14. Ti ph t 1 Chnh tht phm Gio th. Mi huyn c 1 Chnh bt phm Hun o chuyn lo vic hc trong a phng. i vi tng, x, chn 2- 3 ngi c hc lc kh, tui t 50 tr ln lm n trnh huyn, ph v trn xt cp vn bng dy bc s hc. Nm 1823, vua Minh Mng cho dng nh hc ph v huyn. Theo quy nh ca B Cng, nh hc ph - huyn gm 1 ta 3 gian 2 chi. Nh hc ph di 4 trng 4 thc, ngang 3 trng 1 thc. Nh hc huyn di 3 trng 9 thc 2 tc, ngang 2 trng, 6 thc, 4 tc. Vi quy m nh hc nh trn, s lng hc tr c hc trng khng nhiu. Do vy, cc ng , nho s thng m trng dy t, trnh hc tr ph thuc vo kin thc v cch dy ca tng thy. T c th 1(1848), s t Ph Yn tng ln gp i, triu nh t li chc c hc. T c th 2 (1849) gim 1 Gio th ph Tuy An. T c th 5 (1852) cho t trng Bnh nh, ly s t Bnh nh, Qung Ngi, Ph Yn vn thi chung trng Tha Thin v s t tnh Khnh Ho vn thi chung trng Gia nh nay thi ti trng Bnh nh. Chc hc quan hng u chm lo vic gio dc ca tnh Ph Yn t i Minh Mng n i T c cng c nhiu ln thay i. Hai nm sau c hc Phm V Phc thng ln thim s b L. ng Bi Tun Tuyn, tri ph oan Hng, c c lm c hc Ph Yn. Nm 1828, c hc Ph Yn l L Nguyn Trung. Gio th Thi Bnh l Bi Xun Bng c c lm c hc Ph Yn thay L Nguyn Trung (thng ln Vin ngoi th lang trung b H). Nm 1831, gio th Nam sch l Phm Gia Lm gi chc c hc Ph Yn15. T nm 1832, v s lng hc sinh Ph Yn t nn triu nh Hu b chc c hc, t gio th ging dy ti trng tnh. n nm 1846, do pht trin s s kh cao ti huyn Tuy Ha theo li tu trnh ca tnh thn, triu nh Hu chun y, t chc hun o huyn Tuy Ha. Nm 1847, triu nh Hu c ch d cho b
14 15

Quc S qun triu Nguyn - i Nam thc lc, T2. NXB Gio dc, 2003, tr.297. Quc S qun triu Nguyn - i Nam thc lc.. sd.

23

Li v b L: vic dy hc l chnh s trng i ca triu nh, cho nn cc tnh u t chc c hc duy c cc tnh Ph Yn, Khnh Ha, Bnh Thun t k v cc tnh duyn bin Bc K cha t chc y nay vn phong ngy mt chn khi, nn m rng vic tc thnh nhn ti, ht no nn t hay cha nn t u chiu theo s s nhiu hay t tha ngh tu ln . Kt qu nm y, gio dc Ph Yn phc hi chc c hc. Tm nm sau, nm 1853, tnh Ph Yn li i thnh o Ph Yn chc c hc phi t li chc gio th. Nm 1875 i vua T c th 28 li thng ln thnh tnh Ph Yn, v chc c hc c ti lp. 2.2. Gio dc dn gian t trong qun chng lao ng V du cu dn (vn) ng inh, Cu tre lc lo gp ghnh kh i, Kh i m dt con i, Con i trng hc, m i trng i! Li ru thit tha, du dt a con vo gic ng phi chng ni ln t y lng ngi m Vit Nam mong mun v quyt tm nui dy con mnh nn ngi m t nhin cn khi qut c c mt nguyn tc, phng chm ca mt nn gio dc bnh dn vi s kt hp gia trng hc v trng i, gia hot ng gio dc trong thc tin i sng vi hot ng dy v hc trong nh trng. Qua qu trnh lao ng, trao i kinh nghim sng vi nhau, nhn dn lao ng sng to ra tri thc. Cc th h ngi ni tip truyn t tri thc cho nhau. S gio dc dn d ca qun chng lao ng c vai tr quan trng trong vic hnh thnh nhn cch v s tin b ca x hi bui u. Trong thi k phong kin, cc tnh du c trng hc lp ph, huyn nhng 99% nhn dn lao ng vn b m ch. Mt nn gio dc dn gian th hin t gia nh, t cuc sng cng ng v qu trnh lao ng ca bn thn. Thy gio l ng b, cha m, anh ch em, nhng ngi trong thn xm. Phng chm gio dc ca ngi bnh dn xut pht t tnh thng v trch nhim. Cha m khng ch c lng thng, s qun xuyn m h tm ra cc sng kin, cc bin php gio dc, gio dng thit thc nht con chu nn ngi. Vn hc dn gian, chuyn c tch, ca dao tc ng l kho sch gio khoa s, phong ph v ton din. Cu chuyn k ca b, li ht ru ca m, mang su sc ni dung

24

gio dc o c, tnh cm cho tr, truyn t mt cch nh nhng, sinh ng nhng kinh nghim sng, cch x th, kin thc v qu hng, t nc, con ngi. 2.3. H thng trng hc Ph Yn Trng tnh Ph Yn u tin c thnh lp t thi vua Gia Long, trng ta lc ti lng Ngn Sn (nay thuc th trn Ch Thnh, huyn Tuy An). Nm 1846 (Thiu Tr nm th 6), trng ph Tuy An c thit lp ti lng Hi Ph (nay thuc x An Ninh, huyn Tuy An). Cng nm, trng ph Tuy Ha thnh lp ti lng ng Phc (nay thuc x Ha An, huyn Ph Ha). Nm 1847 (Thiu Tr nm th 7), trng tnh c di v lng Long Uyn, sau chuyn ra lng An Th cng u thuc a phn huyn Tuy An ngy nay. 2.4. Nhng nh khoa bng Ph Yn Di thi cha Nguyn, Ph Yn l vng t mi cha n nh, vic gio dc khoa c y cng cha c i vo n np, ngi i hc cha nhiu, ngi d kha thi rt t. Vic t ra ch khoa c ng Trong nh du bc tin v Nho hc cng nh s trng thnh i ng quan li ca thi cha Nguyn. Vic thi c ny tuy mi ch dng mc kho th quan li ang lm vic ch cha o to tuyn dng c nhiu quan li mi. Cc quan li ng u ph Ph Yn, huyn ng Xun v huyn Tuy Ha l nhng ngi trng cch trong s 62 ngi u cc k thi Chnh . ng o thuc li ca ba ty dinh Trn Bin, thuc li ca cc cp trong ph Ph Yn l nhng ngi trng cch trong s 146 ngi u cc k thi Hoa vn. Ph Yn l ph mi lp, xa Chnh dinh nn ngi i hc kh khn v i thi th khng nhiu, nn sch i Nam nht thng ch chp l t ngi chuyn theo vic hc.16 Thi cha Nguyn, ngi Ph Yn ra thi Chnh dinh v t cao l Bch Don Triu, qu huyn ng Xun. ng l ngi u k thi Hng nm Mu T (1768), sch i Nam thc lc chp r l ngi ng thi cho l xng ng17. Sau khi thi , Bch Don Triu c b ngay lm Tri huyn ng Xun, ph Ph Yn.
16

. i Nam nht thng ch, Sd, tr.13. . i Nam th lc, Sd, tr.172.

17

25

Di triu Ty Sn, tuy qu ngn ngi tnh hnh x hi khng c n nh song vic hc hnh thi c cng c quan tm. Nm 1789 khoa thi u tin c m gi l khoa Minh kinh. Hng u khoa thi ny l Phan Vn Bin, ngi huyn Tuy Ha ph Ph Yn. Sau k thi ng c b lm hun o Ph Yn. Di thi nh Nguyn hc tr Ph Yn c to iu kin hc tp, thi c, nhng khng c ngi no vo in th. T khoa inh Mo, Gia Long th 6 (1807) n khoa t Du, Hm Nghi th 1 (1885) c 34 khoa thi Hng, Ph Yn c 15 ngi u c nhn, l: - L c Ngn: ngi x C L, huyn ng Xun, u C nhn ti trng thi Gia nh, khoa Tn T, Minh Mng nm th 2 (1821). - Nguyn Vn Thnh, ngi x nh An, huyn ng Xun, u C nhn ti trng Tha Thin, khoa Tn Mo, nm Minh Mng th 12(1831). - Nguyn Duy Hin: ngi x Ngn Sn, huyn ng Xun, u C nhn ti trng thi Tha Thin, khoa Gip Ng, nm Minh Mng th 15 (1834). - o Tn T: ngi x Ph Lc, huyn Tuy Ha, u C nhn ti trng thi Tha Thin, khoa Tn Su, nm Thiu Tr th nht (1841). - Phm Mn: ngi x Tn Thnh, huyn ng Xun, u C nhn ti trng thi Tha Thin, khoa inh Mi, nm Thiu Tr th 7 (1847). - Nguyn Hu Thnh: ngi huyn Tuy An, u C nhn ti trng thi Gia nh, ng t 9/17 tn khoa, khoa K Du, nm T c th hai (1849). Nguyn Hu Thnh c b nhim lm B chnh Qung Bnh, b can n, nhng sau c bo lu v lm vic vin hn lm in tch. - Mnh Th Tuyn: ngi x Yn Thnh, huyn ng Xun, u c nhn ti trng thi Tha Thin, khoa Canh Tut, nm T c th 3 (1850). - on Vn Diu: ngi x Cu An, huyn ng Xun, u c nhn ti trng Bnh nh, khoa t Mo, nm T c th 8 (1855). - L Quan Quang: ngi x Thch Kh, huyn ng Xun, u c nhn ti trng thi Bnh nh, ng khoa vi on Vn Diu khoa t Mo, nm T c th 8 (1855). - Nguyn ng Dinh, ngi x Phng i, huyn ng Xun, u C nhn trng Bnh nh, khoa Canh Ng, nm T c th 23 (1870).

26

- Trn Khi ch, ngi x Dim Trng, huyn ng Xun, u C nhn trng Bnh nh, khoa Qu Du, nm T c th 26 (1873). - Trn K Phong, ngi x Xun i, huyn ng Xun, u C nhn khoa Bnh T trng Bnh nh, nm T c th 29 (1876). - Nguyn Phong, ngi x M Ph, huyn ng Xun, u C nhn trng Bnh nh, n khoa Gip Thn, nm Kin Phc th 1 (1884). - ng Chu, ngi x Cng Sn, huyn Sn Ha, u C nhn trng Bnh nh, khoa t Du, nm Hm Nghi th 1 (1885)18. Sch i Nam nht thng ch nhn xt v i sng ca ngi dn Ph Yn thi xa: ngh nghip sinh nhai c 4 hng: s, nng, cng, thng. nhng t ngi chuyn vic hc, duy c lm rung l kh c lc nhng sn phm ca cc ngh th th th vng, dn tc cht pht, thun hu19. Trong cun Non nc Ph Yn, mt tc phm c nhiu gi tr v bin kho a phng ch Ph Yn ca Nguyn nh T nu cm ngh ca tc gi v thin nhin, i sng kinh t - vn ha ca Ph Yn bui u nh sau: o cao, ni rm, bin rng bao la, ng i ra khi tnh tht mun vn kh khn nn ngi dn Ph Yn t lu nui sn tinh thn an phn th thng, sng theo n np thanh m khng c sn hoi bo to tt min sao c yn n lm n l . V vy, ngy xa ngi dn Ph Yn t ai ngh n vic xut tnh lm n hay hc hnh. Do , m nhn ti khng c c hi pht trin, vn ha b nh tr. Trong Hi k Mt cuc i ca Trn S, mt nh gio lo thnh kin tr lin tc cng hin cho s nghip xy dng v pht trin gio dc Ph Yn qua cc thi k lch s, vit v t nc - con ngi Ph Yn ngy xa: Trong thi k Hn hc, cc bc nho s Ph Yn, mc d trong hon cnh, khng thun li: xa kinh , xa trng thi, thiu phng tin giao thng song cc c cng vt c mi tr ngi ra i tm ng hc o cu tin, nui ch ln, v giang sn x tc. Nhiu c tng vn ng dn chng hng ng cc phong tro khng Php nh: Cn vng, vn thn, duy tn, phong tro gim su xin thu v gi trn tit tho ca cc bc chn nho nh cc c Nguyn Ho S, V Thip v ni bt nht l cuc khi ngha chng Php ca c T Phng. Tuy cuc khi ngha khng thnh cng nhng
Cao Xun Dc, Quc triu Hng Khoa lc, Nxb TP. H Ch Minh, 1993. Cao Xun Dc, Lu c Xng, Trn Xn (1964), "Tnh Ph Yn, i Nam nht thng ch, tp 10, B Quc gia Gio Dc xut bn, Si Gn, tr.13.
18

19

27

 ghi mt trong nhng trang lch s bi hng ca dn tc. Vy sao c th ni ngi dn Ph Yn mang sn tinh thn an phn th thng c!.

CHNG II GIO DC PH YN THI K PHP THUC (1885-1945) I. TNH HNH GIO DC TRONG C NC Sau khi chim c t Nam K (1867), thc dn Php lin bi b nn gio dc Nho hc, chm dt ch gio dc v thi c triu Nguyn Nam K. Chng m ngay lp dy ch Quc ng v ch Php o to mt s ngi lm cng c phc v cho m mu xm lc ca chng .
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Thc dn Php tip tc nh chim Bc K v Trung K vo nhng nm 1872-1873 v 1882-1883 buc triu nh nh Nguyn k hng c Harmand (1883) v Patenotre (1884). Bc K v Trung K t sau nm 1884 tr thnh t bo h ca Php. Thc dn Php coi gio dc l mt cng c quan trng chinh phc thuc a. Mc tiu ch yu ca nh trng thc dn l o to mt s cng chc, nhn vin, cng nhn cho b my cai tr, cho cc c s kinh doanh ca cc nh k ngh, ca cc thng nhn v ch n in. Ch trng nht qun ca thc dn Php ng Dng l thi hnh chnh sch ngu dn. Thng 3 nm 1906 , Ton quyn ng Dng ra Ngh nh thnh lp Hi ng hon thin nn gio dc bn x (conseil de perfectionnement de lenseignement indigne) nhm nghin cu ci t nn gio dc thuc a. Thc dn Php chnh thc ra lnh bi b gio dc nho hc phong kin Bc K nm 1915 v Trung K nm 1919. Nm 1924, Ton quyn Merlin cng khai tuyn b quan im gio dc v tin hnh mt chng trnh pht trin gio dc theo chiu nm ngang, ch khng phi theo chiu ng. Bi ng lp lun rng 9/10 hc sinh nng thn Vit Nam khng c kh nng hc ht bc s hc . Ngy 30-10-1906, Php ra ngh nh thit lp chng trnh gio dc h Php Vit Trung K, cho php m rng bc Tiu hc Php Vit, t thm bc Tiu hc b tc v sa li nn Hn hc c. V bc hc c chia thnh 3 bc nh sau: - Bc Tiu hc ph, huyn dy ch Hn, Quc ng v ting Php l mn tnh nguyn. - Bc Trung hc tnh dy ch Hn, Quc ng v ting Php bt buc. Hc sinh tt nghip bng Primaire mi c thi tuyn vo trng Trung hc (Cn gi Cao ng Php - Vit). Bc hc ny gm c 2 cp: Cao ng Tiu hc v T ti. Trng Trung hc Php - Vit mi tun c 27 gi 30 pht ln lp. Trong c 12 gi dy ting Php, 8 gi dy cc mn ton, l, ha; ch Nho dy khng qu 3 gi trong tun. Tt c cc mn hc u dng ting Php lm chuyn ng, ring hai mn Hn vn v Vit vn ging dy bng ting Vit. Thi gian o to l 4 nm (Nht nin, nh nin, tam nin v t nin). Hc sinh hc xong nm th t hc sinh thi ly bng Diplome (Cao ng Tiu hc), sau i l Thnh chung. + Bc K : lyce albert saraut, lyce protectorat (trng Bi) collge de jeunnes filles (Trng Vng ), collge de Nam inh .
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+ Trung K : c Lyce Khi nh, Lyc Yersin, c Collge de Vinh, collge de Thanh Hoa , collge dejeunnes filles ng Khnh, collge de Qui Nhn. + Nam K: c Lyce chasseloup laubat , Lyc Pestrus K, collge de jeunnes filles Gia Long, collge de Can Th, collge de My Tho. n kha hc thng 4-1913, Hi ng hon thin gio dc bn x quyt nh b vic hc ch Hn trong cc trng Php - Vit bc Tiu hc v Trung hc (cn gi B tc vn ha) Bc K v Trung K. Cng vi vic dy ting Php cc trng Tiu hc v Trung hc Php Vit, ngy 11-10-1915, Khm s Trung K ra ngh nh thit lp qui ch ngch bc gio vin ngi Vit ang ging dy ti Trung K. Ngh nh quy nh: Ngi c bng Tiu hc Vit Php mi c dy cc lp d b; ngi c bng Thnh chung, bng Cao ng tiu hc, bng Trung hc mi c dy Tiu hc 20. Tuy nhin nhng gio vin dy hc phi qua mt thi gian tp s ti cc trng do gio vin ngi Php lm Hiu trng. Trong thi gian tp s, gio vin phi thng xuyn b tc kin thc vo dp h hoc i nghe cc bui thuyt trnh v phng php s phm. Trong din thuyt nm 1917, A. Sarraut cho rng: Vic m mang gio dc c li ch to cho ng yn n, li cn c mt ci to na l nh m luyn tp c nhng ngi gip vic gii, c ti, c hc, c gi tr hn ra cng gip sc vi chng trong vic chnh tr, vic hnh chnh, cng l cc trng hp khc na 213. Nhng thc cht ca n l thc dn Php mun dm dn ta trong vng tht hc, ngn chn mi nh sng tin b bn ngoi vo nh trng. Chnh sch gio dc trc sau nh mt ca thc dn Php i vi nhn dn ta l bin hc sinh thnh nhng ngi vong bn, xa ri nhn dn, qun ht qu kh vinh quang v truyn thng anh dng ca dn tc mnh; ch bit hm n v phc tng chng; cung cp cho h mt t hiu bit va lm c vin chc tha hnh hng nh, chnh l mc ch ca gio dc thc dn i vi nhn dn ta. Nhm y mnh vic dy v hc trn ton x ng Dng, ngy 21-12-1917, Ton quyn ng Dng - A. Sarraut ban hnh Ngh nh: Qui ch chung v gio dc ng Dng2, ng thi gi l Hc chnh tng quy (Rglement
20

21

Dng Kinh Quc: Vit Nam nhng s kin lch s 1858-1918, Sd, tr.358. Dn theo: Nguyn Th Anh: Vi nt v gio dc Vit Nam t sau i chin th gii th nht n trc Cch mng Thng Tm, Tp ch NCLS, s 102, 1967, trang 30.

30

Gnral de LInstruction publique). y l t ci cch gio dc ln th hai tip theo cuc ci cch gio dc ca Ton quyn Pn-Be nm 1906. Ring Vit Nam, Php cho php mi x m mt trng cng bc Tiu hc Vit Php dnh cho con trai, nhng vi iu kin x phi c tng s ngi np thu l 500 ngi. Trng hp s ngi ng thu do nhiu x nhp li mi 500 th cc x hp li m mt trng chung. Php cho php mi tnh m mt trng cng bc Tiu hc dnh ring cho con gi, nhng nu cha iu kin m trng cho con trai v gi ring th c th nhp chung thnh 1 trng, nhng phi t chc cho con trai, con gi hc ring. Ni no iu kin m trng th phi lm n xin php chnh quyn cp trn v ch khi c giy php mi c m trng. Cc chi ph cho vic xy dng, mua sm thit b, tr lng gio vin u do lng x ng gp. thc hin Ngh nh ny, Php t chc h thng bc hc Bc K v Trung K thnh 2 bc hc: 1. Bc S hc - Lp ng u (7 tui) cn gi l lp Nm (Cours enfantin) - Lp D b (8 tui) cn gi l lp T (Cours Prparatoire) . - Lp S ng tiu hc (8 tui) cn gi l lp Ba (Cours Elmentaire) Bc hc ny thng c p dng cc trng, x, thn, dy quc ng, quc vn, ton, t lp ng u c hc ting Php (ty trng c thy gio). Hc sinh hc ht lp ba ri thi ly bng s hc yu lc (Primaire Elmentaire). 2. Bc Tiu hc - Lp nh nm th nht (lp nh nh) - Lp nh nm th hai ( lp nh ln) - Lp nht (Cours Superieur). Cui nm lp nht, hc sinh phi thi ly bng Tiu hc Php - Vit hay S ng Tiu hc, gi Php - Vit s hc vn bng (Certificat dEtudes Primaire Franco Indigne) vit tt l CEPFI. Vic ging dy cc lp cui cp (lp nh v lp nht) hon ton dng ting Php. Trng no m 5 lp gi l Trng Tiu hc ton cp (cole Primaire de plein exercice). Trng no m khng 5 lp gi l Trng S ng Tiu hc (cole Primaire lmentaire). Php cho php mi tnh c m t nht 1 trng

31

Tiu hc ton cp. Nam n gio vin thuc trng cng bc Tiu hc Php - Vit do Thng c hay Thng s, Khm s b dng theo ngh ca c hc bc Tiu hc. Bc Cao ng tiu hc (tng ng lp 7 h 9 nm , hay lp 9 h 12 nm), cao ng tiu hc phi qua 4 nm hc. Trng hc m cc th ph ba x v cc tnh l ln. Ni dung chng trnh c cc mn hc nh trc nhng cao hn, kh hn, c din ging ton bng ting Php v c dy thm mt t vn hc Vit Nam. Thi tt nghip Cao ng tiu hc c cp bng thnh chung (Diplome dtudes primaires suprieures). Trong nhng nm sau 1930, nhm xoa diu tinh thn u tranh ca nhn dn ta, thc dn Php cho php ngi Vit m trng t. Bi vy s trng v s hc sinh c tng ln , nhng t l hc sinh so vi dn s vn rt thp. Nhng nm 19361937 thi im x ng Dng c v thnh vng nht th bc tranh gio dc vn nh b v non yu. C nc c 2322 trng s hc, tc c 3.000 ngi dn th c 1 trng s hc vi t l 2% dn s c i hc. Bc tiu hc 638 trng vi t l c 29.329 ngi c 1 trng tiu hc v 0,4% dn s c i hc. Bc Cao ng tiu hc c 16 trng bnh qun c 1.169.519 ngi dn th c 1 trng vi 0,05% dn s c hc22. Nh vy ta thy rt r pht trin gio dc theo chiu hng nm khng c ngha l chnh quyn thc dn ch ch vic m mang vic hc cp thp cho dn chng, m thc cht l hn ch pht trin gio dc i vi dn bn x. Cng vi ch trng khng truyn b mt nn hc vn y cho ngi bn x, thc dn Php cn a vo nh trng mt ni dung gio dc mang tnh cht thc dn. Ting Php l ngn ng chnh c s dng trong ging dy v hc tp. Nh trng tch ri vi cuc sng thc t . Hc sinh ra trng khng thng tho ting m . Ngi Php m mu ct t mi gi tr vn ha, truyn thng v lch s dn tc, cao vn ha vn minh Php vi nhng ngn t ho nhong nh khai ha, vn minh, t do nhm to ra mt lp ngi lai cn, mt gc, phc tng nc m i Php , qun i thn phn k mt nc ang lm n l cho thc dn Php . Tuy nhin, v mt khch quan, nn gio dc Php - Vit thay th nn gio dc phong kin lc hu, mang li cho gio dc Vit Nam nhng yu t tch cc, v
22

50 nm pht trin s nghip gio dc- o to 1945-1995. NXB B Gio dc, 1995, tr.14.

32

khoa hc t nhin, v khoa hc nhn vn, x hi, v nn vn ha t sn Php. Nhng khi nim v t do-bnh ng-bc i" c hc sinh Vit Nam tip thu theo mt quan im mi, khi dy trong h nhng tng mi, tinh thn yu nc, tinh thn dn tc c lp, tinh thn u tranh, gii phng t nc thot ch n l. Nhiu ngi trong s h tr thnh nhng chin s cch mng, nhng ng vin ng cng sn kin cng lnh o cch mng gii phng dn tc. II. GIO DC PH YN THI K PHP THUC (1885 - 1945) 2.1. S trng - lp Nm Thnh Thi th 11 (1899), triu nh Hu m 4 trng cng dy Hn hc Ph Yn gm: trng Tnh hc An Th (nay l x An Dn, huyn Tuy An), sau di ra Sng Cu, c t quan c hc; trng Ph hc Tuy An lng Hi Ph (nay l x An Ninh Ty, huyn Tuy An), c chc Gio th; trng Huyn hc ng Xun thn Khoan Hu (nay thuc x Xun Th I, huyn Sng Cu), c chc quan Hun o; trng Huyn hc Sn Ha lng Cng Sn (nay l th trn Cng Sn, huyn Sn Ha), c chc quan Hun o. n nm 1900 ta Cng s Php v dinh quan tnh Ph Yn di t Tuy An ra Sng Cu - th ph mi ca tnh. Trng hc cng c di ra thn Long Bnh (nay thuc th x Sng Cu - huyn Sng Cu). Nm 1909, Php m mt trng Tiu hc ton cp Sng Cu, ni ng tnh l Ph Yn vi tng s 33 hc sinh v 1 gio vin ngi Vit. Nm 1912, Php m thm trng Tiu hc Php-Vit Cng Sn v Tuy Ha. Trng Php - Vit Cng Sn c 1 gio vin ngi Vit v 7 hc sinh. Trng Php - Vit Tuy Ha c 1 gio vin ngi Vit vi 15 hc sinh. Nhng nm u th k XX, c nhng ngi gi chc c hc tnh Ph Yn nh Nguyn Trc (1900-1902), o Phan Dun (1903-1906), Phm Vn Cht (1907-1913), Phan V (1913-1919)23. Mt s lng m trng t, trng u hc do thy dy ti t gia, t v lng cho n khi c sch c th vo trng Hun, Gio, c (trng huyn, trng ph, trng tnh). Thy thng t cc tnh Ngh An, H Tnh, Qung Nam vo dy. Cc gia nh kh gi cho con i hc ti Bnh nh, Qung Nam, Tha Thin.

23

Province de Phu Yen", Annuaire general de l' Indochine, anne 1900 1930. 33

Hc trng ph, huyn gi l th sinh, hc trng tnh gi l hc sinh. Nhng hc sinh xut sc v cc m sinh c d k thi Hng. Thc hin chng trnh Hc chnh tng qui v theo D ca vua Khi nh v vic b khoa thi ch Hn, vic dy ch Nho trong cc trng hc Ph Yn b loi b dn, thay vo l hng lot trng hc Vit - Php ra i. Bc hc cao nht Ph Yn l Tiu hc vi 3 loi trng: Tiu hc ton cp lp tnh, S ng Tiu hc lp Ph, huyn v S hc lp cc tng, x. Song, lc ny a s trng hc trong tnh l trng Tiu hc khng ton cp, ch dy 3 lp: ng u (lp nm), d b (lp t) v s ng (lp ba). Nhiu a phng ch m c trng 2 lp (ng u v d b). huyn ng Xun c cc trng Long Bnh, Khoan Hu, Trung Trinh, Trim c, Long Phc, H Bng, Bnh Thnh, Ph Xun, Thch Kh, Ph Long. Ph Tuy An c cc trng Ngn Sn, Phong Ph, Ph Sn, Tin Chu, An Th, nh Phong, Phong Hu, Ph Thnh, Ha a, Phong Nin, nh Trung. Ph Tuy Ha c cc trng Phc Khnh, Hnh Lm, Lng Phc, Ph Th, Vnh Xun, Phong Nin, ng M, Ph Lm, Bnh Nhn. Huyn Sn Ha c cc trng Lc M, Trung Trinh, Cng Sn
Bng 1. S lng trng, hc sinh trong h thng trng t Ph Yn 190924:

S TT 1 2 3 4

Tng s trng t hng x Ph/huyn Tuy An Tuy Ha Sn Ha ng Xun Tng cng Trng t cc lng 6 8 4 4 22 Trng t nhn m 9 12 0 7 28

S lng hc sinh 256 295 162 200 913

Nm 1923, trng Tiu hc ton cp 5 lp: lp nm, lp t, lp ba, lp nh (lp nh nh - lp nh ln) v lp nht, gi l trng kim b (cole de plein exercice) c m Sng Cu25 (tnh l Ph Yn thi Php thuc) do Tn Tht
24 25

Statistique annuelles du Services de enseignement en Annam 1909-1912. RSA\HC 527 Ph Yn khng chin chng thc dn Php 1945-1954 Ban tuyn gio Ph Yn xut bn 1994- th trng tiu hc Sng Cu lp t 1918; theo sch Ph Yn mt thi nh th trng tiu hc Sng Cu lp t nm 1920.

34

Dng Thanh lm hiu trng. Sau , thy Trn Xun Hon ln thay, thy Trn S l gio hc tp s. Nm 1926, trng tiu hc c thnh lp ti Tuy Ha do Hong Minh Vui lm hiu trng, n thng 9 nm 1937, thy Trn S lm hiu trng26. Nm 1932, trng tiu hc c lp ti Ngn Sn, x An Thch, huyn Tuy An do thy Lm Diu Anh lm hiu trng, sau l thy Ng Hng ln thay. Nm 1937, trng tiu hc c thnh lp La Hai, huyn ng Xun. Nm 1940, trng tiu hc Bn Thch c thnh lp, do ng Phan Vn Thin lm hiu trng, L Thng l gio vin. Ngoi 5 trng tiu hc dng trng Kim b (cole de plein excercice), dc 2 bn ng ci quan (Quc l s 1, tnh l) c m cc trng s hc (cole elmentaire). Trng c 3 lp (lp nm, lp t, lp ba). Hc sinh hc xong trng ny i thi ly bng s hc yu lc. Ton tnh c 30 trng s hc * Ph Tuy Ha - Tng Ha Lc c trng s hc Ph Th. - Tng Ha a c trng s hc Ph Lm, Vinh Ba. - Tng Ha Bnh c trng s hc Phong Nin. - Tng Ha Tng c trng s hc Phc Hu. * Huyn Tuy An - Tng An Ph c trng s hc Ha a. - Tng An Ninh c trng s hc Ph Thnh, Trung Lng. * Huyn ng Xun - Tng Xun Phong c trng s hc La Hai. * Huyn Sn Ha - Trng s hc Cng Sn. n nm 1940, Chnh ph bo h v Nam triu cho lp nhng thn, lng ng dn c, c nhu cu hc tp cc hng trng (cole comminal), mi hng trng c 2 lp (ng u v D b).

26

Hi K Mt cuc i- Trn S - Nxb Thnh ph HCM 1999- trang 36.

35

Tuy Ha c cc hng trng M L, Phc M, Lc Nghip, Phc Nng, Ph Nng, M Thnh, Thnh Ph, Ph ng, Cnh Phc, M Xun, Xun M Nho Lm, Bnh Kin, Ph Vang. Tuy An c cc hng trng Ch Thnh, Xun Dc, Phong Nin. ng Xun c hng trng La Hai, Sn Ha c hng trng Cng Sn. Ngoi h thng trng cng, trng tiu hc, s hc, hng trng, mt s ngi theo Hn hc trc y c trnh S hc yu lc cng c php m cc trng t theo dng Gia nh hc hiu dy ch cho con em trong gia nh v trong thn xm. Ni tm li thc trng gio dc c min Nam Trung b ni chung v Ph Yn ni ring di thi k Php thuc l rt thp km c v s lng v cht lng so vi c nc. c tnh 10.000 dn mi c c khong 60 ngi i hc n bc tiu hc (0,6%) v 1 ngi i hc trung hc (0,01%). T Qung Nam n Bnh Thun ch c 1 trng trung hc quc lp t Quy Nhn, mi nm ch thu nhn c t 30 n 40 hc sinh trung hc.. Nhng ngi c hc thc t vn bng t tiu hc ln trung hc ch m trn u ngn tay. 2.2. Vic dy v hc Do iu kin dy v hc Ph Yn cn hn ch, hc sinh Ph Yn mun hc ton cp thi ly bng Tiu hc th phi ra Hu hc ti trng Quc hc. Trng ny m t nm 1896, nhng n nm 1909 mi t chc k thi ly bng Tiu hc Php - Vit, Primaire trong dn gian gi l bng Ri-me. Nm 1920, ng L Hong H, ngi Ph Yn u tin u bng Primaire. ng nguyn l hc sinh ca trng Hu b Hu, trng ny thnh lp ngy 5-5-1911 theo d ca vua Duy Tn. Mc ch ca trng l b tc nhng kin thc cai tr hin i ca thc dn Php cho cc bc cu hc gm Tin s, Ph bng, C nhn, T ti trong thi gian 3 nm trc khi c b nhim ra lm quan ngch Hc chnh v Hnh chnh trong Chnh ph Nam Triu Trung K. Ngy 15-10-1917, Ton quyn ng Dng ra Ngh nh m Trng Php - Chnh ng Dng (cole de Droit et dAdminstration), mt trng chuyn o to quan cai tr ngch Ty thi hn 3 nm thay cho trng Hu b Hu v trng S hon H Ni (nguyn l trng Hu b H Ni, thnh lp ngy 206-1903). Ngi tt nghip c b dng lm Tham bin cc cng s thc dn. Theo quy nh ti iu 17 ca Ngh nh Ban hnh quy ch chung v bc Cao ng
36

ng Dng (ban hnh ngy 25-12-1918) cho php nhng hc sinh nhn vo trng Hu b v trng S hon (H Ni) trc ngy 1-11-1917 vn tip tc hc ht chng trnh. K t ngy 1-11-1917, hai trng ny khng c nhn hc sinh mi. Trong qu trnh gii th, hai trng trn t di quyn kim sot trc tip ca Ban Gim c bc hc Cao ng ng Dng. n nm 1921, ng Quch nh Lin u bng Primaire ti Hu, v t v sau Ph Yn mi nm bnh qun c 5 ngi u bng S ng Tiu hc Php Vit. n nm 1921, trng S ng Tiu hc Sng Cu nng thnh Trng Tiu hc ton cp (Ecole primaire de plein exercise) dy 5 lp (ng u, d b, s ng, lp nh, lp nht) sau c thng ln trng tnh, n nhn hc sinh t cc ph, huyn trong tnh v hc. Ph Tuy Ha c: V Mo, Nh Bng, ng Mao, Trc, Nguyn c K, Cao Quang Minh. Ph Tuy An c: Nguyn Cu, V Cn, Hunh H Huyn Sn Ha c: Hong Trinh Huyn ng Xun c: Nguyn Ngc Cu, Phan Thanh Cu..v..v.. S kin m trng Tiu hc ton cp ca tnh to ra mt bc ngot i vi nn gio dc Ph Yn thi thuc Php. nh du s chm dt vai tr o to ngun nhn lc ca h thng gio dc phong kin, cng vi n l h thng gio dc Php Vit chi phi v quyt nh n vic o to i ng tr thc Ph Yn. Nm 1922, Php cho xy dng hai trng Tiu hc ph Tuy Ha v ph Tuy An. V sau do v tr ca th Tuy Ho ngy cng quan trng trong chnh sch khai thc thuc a, nm 1923 chnh quyn Php cho m thm lp Trung ng Tiu hc (lp nh), n nm 1929 m thm lp Cao ng Tiu hc (lp nht). Cn trng ph Tuy An n nm 1932 mi m lp nh. K thi ly bng Tiu hc Php Vit (bng Primaire) t chc ln u tin ti trng Tiu hc Sng Cu nm 1930. Bn cnh h thng trng cng, Php cng cho php m mt s trng t thc, nhng s lng khng nhiu, hu ht l trng s ng (2 lp hoc 3 lp). Loi hnh trng ny trc nm 1930, ph Tuy Ha m Bn Thch, Bn Nham, Phc Bnh, Ph Lng, Nng Tnh, Nhn Thp, Ha Bnh. Ngoi ra, mt s thy gio mnh dn ng ra m trng t thc di dng Gia nh hc hiu o to hc sinh t lp nm n lp ba (t lp 1 n lp 3 nay). Chng trnh hc gm c
37

ch Hn v ch Quc ng, do vy m tnh trng m ch tr em nng thn phn no c gii quyt, nn gio dc Nho hc vn tip tc duy tr trng lng. Theo Thng k ca Annuaire administratife de LIndochine, nm 1931, Ph Yn c 2 trng Tiu hc ton cp, 1 trng Tiu hc dnh cho con gi, 1 trng S ng Tiu hc v cc trng S hc hng tng, x. Cng vi vic m rng h thng trng Tiu hc Php - Vit, chnh quyn Php tng cng i ng gio vin y. Theo Thng k ca Annuaire administratife de LIndochine, nm 1931, s lng gio vin Ph Yn c khong trn 45 ngi gm: 13 thy dy trng Tiu hc ton cp v S ng Tuy An, Tuy Ho, Sng Cu; 1 gio vin n dy lp dnh cho con gi nm chung trong trng Tiu hc Sng Cu v 31 gio vin dy tm thi trng S hc hng tng, x. n k ngh h, nha Tiu hc t chc bi dng gio vin cho c trng cng v trng t ti Sng Cu, thi gian hc khong 2 thng. Tng gio vin chun b gio n v ln ging bi, cc gio vin khc ngi di nghe ging, song cc gio vin ng gp kin cho ngi ging t tc phong n ni dung, ri chm im tit ging, c th ht ngi ny n ngi khc. V chng trnh hc v thi c cc trng Php - Vit tnh Ph Yn tun theo Hc quy nm 1906 v Hc chnh tng quy ban hnh nm 1917. i vi cc Hng trng (trng tng, x), hc sinh hc ht lp Ba phi np n xung cc trng Tiu hc ph, huyn hoc tnh thi ly bng yu lc. Thi k ny, Ph Yn c 2 trng t chc thi ly bng Yu lc v S ng Tiu hc Php - Vit, l trng Tiu hc Sng Cu v trng Tiu hc Tuy Ho. Trng ph Tuy An cng c php t chc thi ly bng yu lc. Sau khi tt nghip trng Tiu hc ton cp, hc sinh mun hc bc Trung hc phi ra Bnh nh hc ti trng Cao ng Quy Nhn (Collge Quy Nhn). Nm 1923, M. Merlin c c lm Ton quyn ng Dng. ng c mt s thay i v iu chnh trong ci cch gio dc Vit Nam nhm hn ch vic hc hnh ca thanh nin v hc sinh Vit Nam. Theo M. MerLin, t nm 1924 tr i, vi chng trnh bnh din, hc sinh ngay trong 3 nm hc bc S hc hc sinh phi hc ting Php, nn rt nhiu tr em nng thn khng th theo hc c. Mt khc chng trnh bnh din cn quy nh hn tui vo hc cc cp rt cht ch, khin cho nhiu hc sinh khng th tip tc hc nhng bc cao hn. Bin php ci
38

cch gio dc ca MerLin b phn ng, chng i quyt lit ca ngi dn, c bit l nng thn. V vy n nm 1926, Ton quyn ng Dng k Ngh nh thnh lp trng ph cp gio dc. y l kiu trng do lng x nm quyn t qun, ch ng xy dng trng lp, tuyn gio vin, chi ph lng bng v chi ph khc. Nha Hc chnh ch lo v chuyn mn. Trung K do dn c nhiu ni cn tha tht, Ngh nh cho php c th t chc thnh trng lin hng. Do chng trnh o to ngn hn (1 n 3 nm), n gin nn s hc sinh theo hc ng hn. T nm hc 1926-1927, Nha hc chnh ng Dng sa i li chng trnh hc; m thm mt lp chuyn tip gi l lp nh nm th hai (Cours moyen 2 anne). Nh vy, bc Tiu hc t nm hc 1926 1927 ko di 6 nm. Vi s pht trin mnh m ca nn gio dc Ty hc, vic hc ch Hn khng cn c my ngi ch . Ngi dy t dn, ngi hc vng v. Bo Nam Phong nm 1926 m t S hc chn thn qu ngy nay thc l tiu iu, vng v. Dn mnh vn l dn hiu hc, nhng thy khng c, trng khng c th lm th no m ch chu dt 27. Thi gian o to l 4 nm (Nht nin, nh nin, tam nin v t nin). Hc sinh hc xong nm th t th thi ly bng Diplome (Cao ng Tiu hc), sau i l Thnh chung. Khai khoa bng Thnh chung Ph Yn l ng Trn S u nm 1929 ti Hu. Nm 1930, ng Hunh Thng Thch cng u bng Thnh chung. Nhn chung trong nhng thp nin u th k XX, nn gio dc Ph Yn cng nh khu vc min Trung c nhiu thay i v mc ch, h thng t chc v ni dung o to. Trc ht, thc dn Php tng bc th tiu nn gio dc Nho hc truyn thng thay vo l nn gio dc Php ph hp vi s chuyn bin ca thi i. Tuy nhin, do iu kin kinh t v x hi tnh Ph Yn chm pht trin, nn vic dy v hc cng b nh hng theo. a s trng hc Php Vit Ph Yn u th k XX l trng dy 3 lp (ng u, d b, s ng). Mt s ni ch m 2 lp gm ng u v d b, nhng s lng lp v trng khng nhiu. Ngay c trng Tiu hc Sng Cu, Tnh l Ph Yn nhng n nm 1920 mi m c 3 lp (ng u, d b, s ng ), nm 1921 m lp nh v lp nht. Do vy, ngi no

27

Nguyn Th Anh: Vi nt v gio dc Vit Nam, Sd, tr.35

39

mun hc cao hn th phi ra Hu hoc Bnh nh hc ti Trng cao ng Tiu hc Qui Nhn (cn gi Trng Quc hc Qui Nhn), thnh lp nm 1921, o to hc sinh bc Trung hc cho cc tnh t Qung Ngi vo n Bnh Thun. T nm 1920 n nm 1926, Ph Yn c 26 ngi u bng Tiu hc. n nm 1929 v 1930 mi c 2 ngi u bng Thnh chung.
S lng trng, gio vin, hc sinh bc tiu hc Php Vit tnh Ph Yn nm 1929 .
28

S S lng hc sinh lng Loi trng Tng s gio Nam N vin Trng tiu hc ton cp 2 13 404 404 Trng s ng tiu hc 1 3 12 24 36 Trng tiu hc d b 36 32 768 768 Tng s 39 48 1.184 24 1.208 2.3. Nhng ngi Ph Yn c bng cp thi k Php thuc 1885-1945 Trong nhng nm 1885-1900, Ph Yn c 5 ngi u C nhn: - Nguyn c, x Bnh Thnh, huyn ng Xun, thi u C nhn trng Bnh nh, khoa Tn Mo, nm Thnh Thi th 3 (1891). - Nguyn B Cn, huyn ng Xun, u C nhn trng Bnh nh, khoa Gip Ng, nm Thnh Thi th 6 (1894). - V Phng Cang, x Dim in, huyn Tuy An, u C nhn trng Bnh nh. Khoa inh Du, nm Thnh Thi th 9 (1897). - V n Lun, x Khoan Hu, huyn ng Xun, u C nhn ti trng Bnh nh, khoa inh Du, nm Thnh Thi th 9 (1897). - L Mai, x Triu Sn, huyn ng Xun, u C nhn trng Bnh nh, khoa Canh T, nm Thnh Thi th 12 (1900)29 (cng nm 1900 c c Phan Bi Chu u gii nguyn khoa thi hng ti Ngh An, Hunh Thc Khng gii nguyn tip sau c 2 c u Tin s; Phan Chu Trinh nm 1901. Hunh Thc Khng nh nguyn nm 1904). Nhng nm u th k XX, Ph Yn c cc nh khoa bng: S lng trng
Ngun: nignement en Annam. Eschusion a tour etablisement scolaires des lerver grvister 1929. Ouerture des coles 1929-RSA/HC 2428 . 29 Dn theo :Tp ch xa v nay s 140 (2003), Chuyn Ph Yn xa v nay, tr.15.
28

40

- L Hong Lu, x Long Uyn, Tuy An, c nhn ti trng thi Bnh nh, kha Qu Mo nm Thnh Thi th 15 (1903). ng th 7/18 c nhn tn khoa. - Phm m, x Nng Tnh- Tuy Ha, c nhn ti trng thi Bnh nh- th hng 8/24 c nhn tn khoa. - ng Lang, x Cng Sn, huyn Tuy Ha, tnh Ph Yn - L Phng Cnh, x Khoan Hu, huyn ng Xun- th 12/24 ti trng thi Bnh nh. - Trng Trng Cu, x Vnh Xun Tuy Ha, c nhn ti trng thi Bnh nh, khoa K Du, nm Duy Tn th 3, th 6/16 c nhn tn khoa. - Trn Khc n, x Ho Minh, huyn ng Xun. c nhn ti trng thi Bnh nh, khoa Nhm T, nm Duy Tn th 6 (1912), th 14/18 c nhn tn khoa. - ng Trc Vn, Ngn Sn, huyn Tuy An, c nhn ti trng thi Bnh nh, khoa t Mo, nm Duy Tn th 9 (1915). ng khoa nguyn hng th 2/18 c nhn tn khoa; cng c nhn ng khoa c : - Nguyn Vit Duy, x M Ph, huyn Tuy An, hng 15/18. - Bi Cnh, x Long Uyn, huyn Tuy An, hng 18/18. - Trn nh Hin, x Quy Hu, huyn Tuy Ha, c nhn ti hi ng thi Bnh nh. ng ng th 4/12 c nhn tn khoa- khoa Mu Ng, nm Khi nh th 3 (1918), cng c nhn khoa ny c: - L Hong H, x Long Uyn, huyn Tuy An tnh Ph Yn, u nm 19 tui (con trai ca L Hong Lu u c nhn nm 1903)- u th 5/12 c nhn tn khoa. ng c b dng chc tri huyn Qung Ngi, tri ph huyn Tnh Gia, ng Sn, Hong Ha tnh Thanh Ha, ri tri ph Tuy An, Ph Yn. Mt s ngi d kha thi hng, nhng v khng u chnh thc nn khng c hc v c nhn m ch t hc v t ti. Do , h khng c a vo Quc triu hng khoa lc ni trn. Da vo kt qu su tm ca t liu vn ha gio dc xa v cc c nhn nghin cu vn ha gio dc a phng Ph Yn, c th thng k bc u c 21 t ti: Trng Chnh ng, Ng Quang Khu, L Thnh Phng, Trn nh Khnh, Nguyn Hc, Nguyn Vn, T Qu, Hunh Thng Trung, Nguyn Tn, Nguyn Don, L Vn Honh, inh Chu, Nguyn Nho Trn, Hunh Hu Dch, Nguyn Nhn Hiu, Trnh Chu,

41

Trng Dng Bt (t ti hu b), L Ngc Cn, L Don Cung, ng Uyn, Phan Qu. Cc nh khoa bng Ph Yn tuy cha c ngi hin t i khoa. Nhng cng c Hng cng u tin ca Ph Yn l ng L c Ngn - ngi ng Xun vo nm 1821 ti trng thi Gia nh, c nguyn thi hng nm 1915 l ng ng Trc Vn, c c gia nh cha con u c nhn: c L Hong Lu, ngi x Long Uyn huyn Tuy An c nhn lc 29 tui (nm 1903) v con l L Hong H c nhn lc 19 tui (nm 1918). Cc v nho s hin t lm n quan n st, Tri ph, Tri huyn, Hun o cc ni trong nc, nhiu ngi ni ting thanh lim. Nhiu nh nho khng hin t trong khoa c nhng hc vn uyn thm, tm huyt quc s. Nhiu ngi t b chn quan trng v qu dy hc hong dng o l, bi dng nhn ti. C ngi thi t nhng khng xut hnh hon l m bit v nc qun mnh dng c cu nc nh T ti L Thnh Phng. C ngi khng xut thn thn t hng khoa bng nhng c tu dng rn luyn trong mi trng gio dc gia nh v hot ng ca cuc sng x hi a dng, phong ph m lm nn cng nghip, lu c vng i nh Thng ch Nguyn Cng Nhn (17891872), o Tr. Trong nhng nm u chng Php xm lc nc ta, o Tr tng c giao nhiu nhim v quan trng trong cng vic phng, chng ngoi xm, vi chc Tng c Nam Ngi, sung Kinh lc i thn thit lp h thng phng th t Qung Nam n Bnh Thun, Tng c tham tn hi an qun v trc tnh hnh y kh khn th thch khi triu nh Hu tng bc suy thoi v bt lc trc him ha ngoi xm, nhng o Tr vn kin tm n lc t chc vic bo v t nc. Tip n l nhng tm gng yu nc chng Php c ngi i ca ngi, tn knh nh Nguyn Ho S, V Tr, Tham trn Ha a Nguyn Hu Dc, L Hanh, Trn n Ngoi cc c nhn khoa bng, tr thc cn c nhiu tm gng hiu t c triu nh nh Nguyn khen thng nh Nguyn Vn Tu, Nguyn Vn Thin, Phm Vn Th, T H, Nguyn Phc, L Vn Trch T nm 1920 n nm 1945, nhng ngi Ph Yn t, ng k l: 1. Nhng ngi u bng Tiu hc Php- Vit

42

- L Hong H, ngi u tin u bng Tiu hc Php Vit Hu, nm 1920. (ng cng l ngi u bng C nhn nho hc nm 1918, khoa thi cui cng ca triu Nguyn ). - Quch nh Lin, u bng tiu hc ti Hu c hng l vinh quy bi t v c b lm Hiu trng trng tiu hc Ph Th (Tuy Ha) vo nm 1921. - Phan Ngc Thnh, Hunh Tn Dung, Trn Bnh, ng Tn, Trng Tn Tip u u vo nm 1922. - V Th Trang l ngi ph n u tin ca Ph Yn u bng primaire vo nm 1923 cng vi cc ng on Thut v Cao Quang Minh. - Phm Tn Khch, Ng Phng Lm, Nguyn Nh, Nguyn nm 1924. - Hunh Anh, L Nguyn Thm, Hunh Thng Thch, Phan Thanh, Hunh Nhn, Trn L vo nm 1925. - L Knh Ha, Nguyn Khim, Hunh Khinh, ng Nhn, Phan Thanh Cu, L C vo nm 1926. 2. Nhng ngi u bng thnh chung (diplome) - ng Trn S, 19 tui, ngi khai khoa cho bc Trung hc Php - Vit ca tnh nm 1929. - Nm 1930 c Hunh Thng Thch. - Nm 1942 l o Sa. 3. Nhng ngi u bng t ti: - Nm 1939 c Nguyn Tch, Trn K Doanh v Trn Ng Phng. - Nm 1943 c Trn Suyn. Nhng ngi tr thc ca Ph Yn lc by gi, khi t ra trng phn nhiu chn ngh dy hc - mt ngh thanh bch, c trng i trong x hi ng thi, du dy hng trng cng c mc lng tng i kh sng v nui v con. Ngi thy gio tiu biu l Trn S, sinh nm 1910, t nm 1929 ng vo lm gio vin tp s nhng trng hc tnh l Sng Cu. Nm 1937, lm Hiu trng trng tiu hc Tuy Ha. Vi s hc uyn thm, phng php s phm vng vng, trch nhim dy d chu o, tnh thng yu hc tr rt mc nhng cng rt nghim khc nn t kt qu gio dc rt cao. Hc tr thi u nhiu, t th hng cao, c uy tn ln vi nhn dn trong tnh. Ting thm lang khp tnh. Thy Trn S c c hc c lm Gio s hng dn cc lp s phm o to hng s trong
43

tnh. Cng vi ng Nguyn nh Cm dy tiu hc Ph Yn v vit chung cun sch a d tnh Ph Yn xut bn nm 1937 v c Ton quyn ng ng ra Quyt nh s 100 /ngy 10 thng 10 nm 1938 cng b dng quyn sch ny lm ti liu gio khoa cho cc trng tiu hc ton x ng Dng. Nm 1942, do nhng cng lao dy hc, thy Trn S c Chnh ph Nam triu tng thng huy chng ng long bi tinh, n nm 1944 c phong hm Hn lm vin th ging. Vi lng yu nc c nung nu v gi gn kn o, cng vi c v ti nng s phm ca mnh, ng cng vi nhiu nh gio yu nc khc tham gia vo cuc cch mng thng Tm nm 1945 vi tt c nhit huyt ca mnh - ng c Nh nc giao trch nhim t chc, xy dng v lm Hiu trng trng Trung hc Lng Vn Chnh - trng Trung hc u tin ca tnh Ph Yn nm 1946. T nm 1952, ng c c gi chc trng Ty gio dc Ph Yn. ng c cng lao to ln trng cng cuc xy dng nn gio dc cch mng trong khng chin chng Php. Khng i tp kt, ng c phn cng li min Nam tip tc dy hc. Sng trong ch ca M ngy, trn bc ging cc trng t thc min Nam, ng vn gi vng kh tit v lng trung thnh vi ng vi cch mng, hun c lng yu nc cho hc sinh, chng li nn gio dc vong bn, n dch ca ch. Thy Trn S c Nh nc tng thng Hun chng Khng chin hng Ba v Huy chng V s nghip Gio dc! III. NHNG HOT NG YU NC V CCH MNG CA GIO VIN V HC SINH PH YN U TH K XX N CCH MNG THNG TM 1945 Thng 3 nm 1907 trng ng Kinh ngha thc c thnh lp. y khng ch l mt trng hc m l mt t chc cch mng ca cc s phu yu nc Vit Nam theo khuynh hng dn ch t sn tin b, tiu biu Phan Bi Chu, Lng Vn Can, Nguyn Quyn Mc ch ca ng Kinh ngha thc l nng cao lng yu nc, t ho dn tc, truyn b mt nn t tng hc thut mi v cuc sng vn minh, tin b, phi hp hnh ng vi cc s phu xut dng, h tr cho phong tro ng du ca Phan Bi Chu v phong tro Duy Tn, do nh ch s Phan Chu Trinh xng.
44

Nhm thc hin mt l tng v s tin b ca dn tc, v gii phng t nc vi khu hiu: khai dn tr- chn dn kh- hu dn sinh; Khai dn tr l nhm m mang tr tu cho dn chng chng li chnh sch ngu dn ca thc dn Php; Chn dn kh, trau di lun l quc gia l khi dy, bi dng lng yu nc, tinh thn t tn dn tc, tinh thn trch nhim cng dn, nhu kh u tranh cho c lp dn tc, nhm gii phng dn tc ra khi sch n l lm than k c sa i nhng i phong tc em li mt np sng vn minh tin b cho dn chng. Ni dung nh trng tn hc khng phi l t th ng kinh ca nho hc, cng khng phi l nhng bi lch s ngy to ca thc dn t tin ca ngi Vit Nam l ging ngi G-loa nc Php. Nhng bi hc, mn hc trong cc trng ng Kinh ngha thc l cc mn lch s, a l nc nh, l ton php, cch tr, v sinh, lun l, th thao, cao ch quc ng, vn hc Vit Nam. ng Kinh ngha thc nhanh chng tr thnh phong tro vn ng qun chng mang ni dung cch mng tin b rng ln, c lc ln n trn 2000 hc sinh m rng ra cc a bn H Ni. Bn cnh cc tnh pha Bc, ch trong nm 1906 tnh Qung Nam c hn 40 trng tn hc, phong tro lan n cc tnh Bnh nh, Ph Yn. Trong mt bo co mt ca Cherler, vin cng s Php Qung Nam gi ln thng cp nhn mnh rng, nhng bi ging ca cc nh nho duy tn kch thch tinh thn dn tc v l iu ng s i vi ch cai tr ca Php. Bn bo co vit: H nm cc trng hc v iu hnh vic dy hc. H trao cho hc sinh nhng ti liu kch thch tinh thn yu nc, hn th qun xm lc, xem thng ci cht. Mi ngi phi sn sng hy sinh cho T quc. Nht l nhng bi hc tuyt vi v ch kh. Ch tic l chng ta mt ngy kia phi tr gi cho s gio dc y m thi30. Lo s trc mt phong tro cch mng c nhen nhm t cc trng tn hc, bn cai tr thc dn Php ra lnh ng ca trng ng Kinh ngha thc t thng 12 nm 1907. Sau nhiu nm bn ba hot ng, Nguyn i Quc tr v Trung Quc cui nm 1924. Ti Qung Chu, Nguyn i Quc tp hp nhng ngi Vit Nam yu nc ang hot ng thnh t chc mang tn Hi Vit Nam cch mng thanh nin vo thng 6 nm 1925. Ti y ngi trc tip o to hun luyn nhiu thanh
30

Theo Tp ch Xa v Nay, s 327 thng 9/2009.

45

nin u t t trong nc gi sang hc tp, rn luyn v ng li, phng thc cch mng ri phi h tr v nc hot ng. Hi Vit Nam cch mng Thanh nin ra i ch trong my nm t 1926-1929 xy dng c c s nhiu trung tm kinh t, chnh tr quan trng trn khp t nc. c bit, nm 1928 Hi ra ch trng v sn ha. Nhiu hi vin l tr thc gio chc, sinh vin hc sinh hng hi v hm m, nh my, nng thn va hc tp lao ng va vn ng gic ng cch mng cho qun chng. T mt phong tro yu nc cch mng ca qun chng lan rng trong c nc v c tc dng thc y mnh m phong tro u tranh yu nc cch mng n Ph Yn. Mt s sinh vin, hc sinh Ph Yn tham gia bi kha H Ni, Hu, Qui Nhn nh Phan Lu Thanh, Trc, Trang, Trn Cng Sm b ui hc nn tr v qu nh hot ng. Thng 7- 1926, Phm c - ngi hc sinh qu An Nghip, Tuy An, dn u mt s hc sinh nh Phan Lu Thanh, Hunh Thng Chnh (ng Xun), Phm Ngha, ng Tn (Tuy An) n cc tnh ngoi hc ngh theo tinh thn chn hng hng ni ha do Hi Vit Nam cch mng Thanh nin ra. Sau mt nm hc tp, rn luyn trong phong tro cc tnh pha Bc, s thanh nin ny tr v Ph Yn cng vi Trn Chng, V Th Trang ang hot ng ti a phng tuyn truyn m rng phong tro ch trng sn xut hng ni ha, bi tr hng ngoi, chn hng kinh t nc nh, vn ng gp vn, lp ra chi nhnh Hng nghip Hi x mt t chc thng mi cng khai, nhng thc cht l hot ng yu nc v b mt gy qu hot ng. T chc Hng nghip Hi x pht trin nhanh v mnh Tuy Ha, Ph Th, Bnh Thnh, Ha a, La Hai, Ch Thanh, Sng Cu hot ng ca Hi c tc dng tp hp qun chng gio dc lng yu nc, thc dn tc cho cc tng lp cng, thng, nng dn nht l trong gii tr thc, gio chc, thanh nin hc sinh. ng Phan Thanh, ngi lng Nng Tnh tng Ha Bnh, ph Tuy Ha, nay l Phng 1, Thnh ph Tuy Ha. ng sinh nm 1904, Primaire vo nm 1925, l mt thanh nin trn y nhit huyt, va hot ng phong tro va m trng dy hc qu nh. Hc sinh theo hc rt ng, dn lng yu mn gi ng l Gio Hai.

46

Bn cnh Gio Hai, c Trn Chng ngi cng lng vo nhng nm 1915 v nm 1918 c i thi Hng Hu v Bnh nh nhng khng , tr v qu dy hc Lin Tr, ng M ri m trng t va dy ch Hn va dy Quc ng cho con em trong gia nh, h tc v b con lng xm. Chnh t y, trng tr thnh mt trong nhng ci ni truyn b cho s cch tn gio dc, nhng t tng tin b hun c lng yu nc, o to ra nhiu chin s cch mng cho qu hng Ph Yn. Vo nhng nm 1926- 1927, thy Phm Ngc Qu hot ng trong Hi Thanh nin Ngh Tnh b i vo Ph Yn dy trng tiu hc La Hai. Phong tro yu nc Ph Yn li thm nhn t mi31. Thng 1 nm 1929, ng ch Hong Hu n l mt cn b lnh o ca Hi VNCMTN Trung K lin lc vi thy Phan Thanh, thy Trn Chng v cc hc sinh V Th Trang, Trn Ho, Hunh Lu, Trng Th Ho cng vi Phm S Vinh (Trng kp s dn thy nhp in ph Tuy Ha). Tt c h l nhng thanh nin tch cc tham gia hot ng trong Hng nghip Hi x v l thnh vin ca Hi VNCMTN Tuy Ha u nm 1929, Phan Thanh c c lm B th chi b. S ra i ca 2 chi hi VNCMTN Ph Yn (Sng Cu v Tuy Ha) l kt qu ca qu trnh vn ng, t chc v hot ng ca gio vin, hc sinh yu nc. Thng 6-1929, ng ch Phan Thanh c triu tp vo Si Gn sang Qung Chu - Trung Quc d lp hun luyn. Trn ng i t Tuy Ha vo Si Gn b ch pht hin, ng ci trang nhiu ln nhng vn b theo di. Ngy 1 thng 5 nm 1929, k hoch hnh ng ca Hi VNCMTN Ph Yn b l, khng thc hin c. mt thm theo di truy n, khm xt bt b cc hi vin. ng thi lc ny, Qung Tr nhiu c s VNCMTN cng b l, ng ch Hong Hu n b bt, cc c s Hng nghip Hi x Ph Yn b pht hin. n cui 1929, cc Hng nghip Hi x Tuy Ha b nim phong, trng hc b ng ca, nhng ngi lnh o hi, thy Phan Thanh, Trn Chng v nhiu hi vin khc b bt giam ti nh lao Sng Cu. Sau 9 thng b ch d d, tra tn cc hnh nhng thy gio, hi vin u gi trn kh tit, gan d, kin cng lm cho Php v quan li Nam triu phi th h v khng khai thc c g.
31

Lch s ng b x Xun Quang 1930-1975. Ban Tuyn gio Huyn y ng Xun, 1999. 47

Thy gio Phan Thanh va v nh th b t t v k th u c ng lc nh lao Sng Cu32. Thy Phan Thanh hy sinh qu sm, lc mi bc vo tui 26 (1904-1930). Cuc i hot ng cch mng ca ng tuy ngn ngi nhng v cng oanh lit. ng li mt hnh nh p trong cc th h tr thc, gio chc thanh nin, hc sinh tnh Ph Yn. Sau ngy gii phng, thy Phan Thanh c truy tng danh hiu Lit s. ng l ngi thp ln ngn la gio dc cch mng u tin tnh, l mt trong nhng ngi c cng u trong vic thnh lp Hi VNCMTN Ph Yn, ngi nu tm gng yu nc, trung kin bt khut cho bao th h thanh nin thy gio, hc sinh ca tnh noi theo. Qua Hi k ca cc nh cch mng lo thnh Ph Yn nh ng ch Nguyn Vn Nguyn, Phan Lu Thanh, Hunh Lu v ngi B th chi b u tin ca Hi VNCMTN Ph Yn - thy Phan Thanh, ng nh li tng nim ca ng ch L Tn Thng33: Hn thing ng ch Phan Thanh, M u cch mng rng danh tnh nh! Nm 1927, thy gio Phm c Bn dy trng tiu hc Thanh Ha tham gia phong tro u tranh b chuyn vo dy Qung Tr. Sau , thng 9 nm 1927, chnh quyn thc dn s ti li chuyn thy vo dy Sng Cu, tnh Ph Yn. Cng i theo thy c Nguyn Vn Hi, Trng Khm, Phm Ngc H. Thy Phm c Bn c b dy lp Nht trng tiu hc Sng Cu. Sau thi gian ngn, thy lin lc vi cc gio vin Bi Dung, Trnh B i v mt s cng chc nh Nguyn Ln, Bi Vn Hu Sng Cu. Ngoi thi gian dy hc, vo ban m, ngy ngh, ngy l rt nhiu cng chc, hc sinh n nh Thy c sch bo. Nh cc cun Quan Hi tng th, Bo Thn chung Ting Dn v cc loi vn th yu nc nh Huyt l th ca c Phan Bi Chu, Qun tr hay Dn tr ca c Phan Chu Trinh nhng bi ht nh: Chiu hn nc, Hi ng bo, Ngi i y Nh phng php hot ng kho lo v ch trng ng n l tp hp mi tng lp lao kh ng ln cu nc, ch sau mt thi gian ngn Tn Vit cch mng
Li k C Phan Th Ni (con gi Thy gio Phan Thanh Nha Trang-) ng ch L Tn Thng, hi vin VNCMTN Ph Yn, y vin ban chp hnh ng b Ph Yn nm 1936.o.
32

33

48

ng Sng Cu m nng ct l thy Phan c Bn pht trin thm nhiu ng vin mi. Tnh n u 1928, s ng vin Tn Vit ln n 20 ngi. Do nh hng ca t tng v ng li cu nc ca Hi VNCMTN, nhng ngi u t trong Tn Vit cch mng ng chuyn dn hot ng ca t chc mnh theo khuynh hng v sn v thnh lp ng Dng Cng sn lin on. Nhng ngi ng vin Tn Vit v Hi VNCMTN Ph Yn nhng nm t 1928 n 1929 tip thu v truyn b ch ngha Mc- Lnin vo cc tng lp nhn dn, gii tr thc yu nc trong cc nh gio v hc sinh Ph Yn ng vai tr ht nhn, tch cc nht. Cui nm 1929, Phan Lu Thanh, hi vin Thanh nin hot ng trong hng nghip hi x" La Hai vo Si Gn hc trng c kh Chu Vn Hai. Ti y, phong tro v sn ha ang pht trin mnh, Phan Lu Thanh c tip xc vi mt s ng vin An Nam Cng sn nh thy Nguyn Chng (thy dy my n) v T Rn l B th chi b Th Ngh. Phan Lu Thanh c chi b phn cng v Ph Yn hot ng, ng ch tm nhng thanh nin tr thc yu nc ang hot ng trong Hi Vit Nam cch mng thanh nin v Tn Vit vn ng, tuyn truyn gic ng ch ngha cng sn. Phan Vn Lan v Bi Xun Cnh (hi vin Tn Vit) l nhng thnh vin c gic ng sm nht. Ngy 5 thng 10 nm 1930 ti thn ng B x Xun Long (ng Xun), Phan Lu Thanh cng vi 7 ng ch ca mnh l Bi Xun Cnh, Phm Ngc Bch (Vit Hng), Nguyn Thnh, Nguyn Phc Hng, Nguyn Hu Tnh, Nguyn Dip, Nguyn Th Ho... thnh lp Chi b ng Cng sn u tin ca Ph Yn. ng ch Phan Lu Thanh c bu lm B th. Vo thng 3 nm 1931, ng ch Phan Lu Thanh c iu ng v X y Trung K. ng ch Trn Toi (tc Kim Tng) t Qung Ngi v thay ng ch Phan Lu Thanh lm b th Tnh y. Trn Toi l mt thy gio tiu hc, l mt trong nhng ngi thnh lp t chc Hi Thiu nin i quc M c. Khi c c v lm b th Tnh y Ph Yn, thy Trn Toi nhanh chng nm tnh hnh v t chc thc hin cc t tng ch o ca X y mt cch sng to v c hiu qu. Nhiu cuc mt tinh qun chng lin tip din ra La Hai, Trim c, Phc Lnh, Cn Loi, M, Phc Long thu ht ng o qun chng, thy gio, hc sinh, li cun c Chnh tng, l hng tham gia.
49

Phong tro yu nc pht trin mnh, ngy 7-7-1931 thc dn Php v Nam triu tin hnh vy bt cc ng vin v c s cch mng La Hai. B th Trn Toi b bt cng vi mt s ng ch khc (30 ngi). Nhng ng ch cha b l nh Nguyn Th Ho, Phan Ngc Bch phi chuyn vo hot ng Tuy Ha. Trc s n p d man ca k th, phong tro cch mng ca nhn dn Ph Yn ni chung v ca gio chc v hc sinh trong nh trng c tm lng xung v bc vo giai on cng c bo v c s chun b cho cuc u tranh mi. n nhng nm 1933-1934, hc sinh Trn Ho lng Nho Lm hc xong chng trnh s hc yu lc ti trng Php Vit ph Tuy Ha. Trn Ho cng vi cc bn hc sinh trong lng r nhau t hc bng cch lp ra Hi c sch bo Nho Lm, Hnh Lm, Long Tng, hc sinh nh Trn Vn Tn (16 tui), Phan Vn D, Phan Khi, Nguyn T oan, o Th L (15 tui)... Cc sch: Lch s tin ha nhn loi, Th gii cng quc chnh th lc kho, Cao dao tc ng Vit Nam... ni dung cc sch bo c tc ng su sc n la tui hc sinh v lng yu nc, ch u tranh cch mng, gii phng dn tc. Di s lnh o ca ng, cc nhm hc sinh tin b c chn lm nng ct, cc hot ng cng khai nh cc nhm c sch bo, cc i bng , cc lp hc ban m, cc lp xa m ch, cc nhm lp nh, cy la, vn i cng c lp ra khp ni. Hnh thc bn cng khai nh Hi i hu nng dn, Hi tng t nng dn, Hi i hu cng nhn, th my, ph n, lin on xe hi, xe nga, nhm gio chc, hc sinh i quc c thnh lp v hot ng rng khp. Nm 1937, c cuc bu c Ngh vin Dn biu Trung K, ch trng ng ta tham gia cc cuc bu c li dung cc cuc tranh c m tuyn truyn khu hiu ca ng. cc c quan lp hin, bnh vc cho cc tng lp nhn dn b p bc. Tnh y, ch trng a thy gio Trn Chng ra ng c. c s ng h v c v ca qun chng cng nng, nht l hc sinh trong ton tnh, thy Trn Chng thng c. Thy Trn Chng v c nhn Phm m nguyn tri huyn in Bn, tr thnh ngh vin Dn biu Trung K kha 1937 1941. Nhn cc k hp dn biu nng dn a nguyn vng i gim thu, chia li rung t cng, gim xu, tng lng cho cng nhn, gim gi lm i m trng hc c s ng h ca nhm dn biu i lp, kt qu l d n tng thu ca Php b Vin Dn biu bc b.
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n nm 1939, cc ng Ngh Trn v ng Mt sng lp ra hng trng Ninh Tnh (dy ba lp: ng u, d b v s ng). y l ngi trng lng do a phng t thnh lp u tin trong tnh. Nh gio Trn Chng ni ting l ngi c kin thc su rng, c phng php ging dy rt hiu qu v l ngi c t cch ng n, mu mc. Ting lnh n xa, hc tr t cc ni nh Ph Cc, Ph im, Nho Lm, Hnh Lm, Lin Tr, Phc Hu, c Ph Lm, ng M, Bn Thch ko v hc. Ty theo la tui m ng kho khi gi lng yu nc cho hc sinh. Mt s ngi ln hc thng ting Php vn tm n trng hc ch Hn, nghe sch (ging gii v nho hc) t gia nh hc hiu ca thy Trn Chng tr thnh ci ni hun c lng yu nc ch c lp, t do. Cc th h hc tr m thy dy d nhiu ngi tr thnh nhng cng dn u t, nhng chin s cch mng kin cng, nhng cn b cao cp ca ng v Nh nc tiu biu nh Nguyn Chu - b th Tnh y Ph Yn, H ng - y vin Trung ng ng, trng ban T tng Vn ha Trung ng... l nhng nh gio c cng lao ln trong vic gp phn xy dng nn mng cho nn gio dc cch mng ca tnh. Cng trong thi gian ny, thy Hunh Nu, thy ng Xim m trng Lin Tr, thy on Kham m lp Thnh c, thy Nguyn Chn, Tng m trng s hc Phc Hu. Sau s kin nhn dn Phc Hu u tranh chng cng ho nhng nhiu a phng v bu li chc sc, thy Tng trng c L trng, thy gio Nguyn Chn trng c Hng b, Trn Tn trng c Hng mc. y l ln u tin trong lch s u tranh cng khai ca tnh nh, trong lng ca h thng chnh quyn thc dn phong kin c mt lng m chnh quyn thuc v nhng ngi thy gio cng sn. Hng ng phong tro Truyn b Quc ng do Mt trn Dn ch ch trng, mt s nhn s tr thc, tin b tiu biu nh c Nguyn Vn T c mi ng ra lp Hi truyn b Quc ng. Tinh thn v cc hot ng ca Hi nhanh chng m rng trong c nc v lan ta n Ph Yn. ng o gio vin, hc sinh hng hi tham gia. Lp hc va l ni dy ch, dy i sng mi, va l ni tuyn truyn cc ch trng ca Mt trn dn ch (tc l ca ng Cng sn) ni tp hp qun chng u tranh i t do, dn ch, cm o v ha bnh. Vo giai on cui ca cuc Chin tranh th gii th Hai, tnh hnh cch mng trong nc c nhiu thay i thun li, cc sinh vin hc sinh Ph Yn
51

ang hc tp cc thnh ph ln nh H Ni, Si Gn, Hu, Qui Nhn hoc do tham gia phong tro yu nc m b ui hc, hoc khng c iu kin hc tip nh: Trn Suyn sp bo v bng k s nng nghip ti i hc H Ni, Cao Vn Hoch hc sinh trng Collge Quy nhn xp bt nghin v qu, tip sc cng vi cc tr thc, sinh vin hc sinh a phng m rng quy m, nng cao cht lng hc tp v thc y phong tro u tranh a phng. Thng 3 nm 1945, Nht o chnh Php, thnh lp Chnh ph c lp gi hiu Trn Trng Kim. Bn thn Nht Ph Yn c c hi hunh hoang v tuyn truyn chnh sch phn ng i ng ca Nht. Trc tnh hnh nc si la bng y, c s lnh o ca ng, ng ch Nguyn Ch Thanh, Nguyn Hu Dc nh t Bun Ma Thut, cc ng ch ng vin, cc chi b ng lu nay b t lin lc nay c ni li. Tnh y lm thi c thnh lp thng nht lnh o phong tro. Thng 7 nm 1945, Mt trn Vit Minh ca tnh c thnh lp gm 19 y vin i din cho cc hi on th yu nc cch mng thng qua cc hi cu quc nng dn, thanh nin, ph n, cng nhn, tr thc, gio chc, hc sinh... di s lnh o ca ng vi khu hiu mc tiu chung l: nh pht xt Nht, nh Chnh ph b nhn Trn Trng Kim, Vit Nam c lp mun nm. Di s lnh o ca ng v Mt trn Vit Minh, cc cuc biu tnh c v trang th uy n ra khp ni Sng Cu, La Hai, Tuy An, ng B. Hai cuc biu tnh vi quy m rt ln vo ngy 22-8-1945 Ch Thnh, Ha a c trn 2000 ngi tham gia v ngy 23-8 ph Tuy Ha c n trn 4000 ngi th uy lm cho chnh quyn Nht v b l tay sai hoang mang, ru r. Chiu ngy 23-81945, Ph Yn nhn c mnh lnh tng khi ngha. T ngy 24 n ngy 288-1945 c tnh ginh chnh quyn v tay nhn dn. Cuc khi ngha thng Tm ca nhn dn Ph Yn kt thc thng li cng vi lch s dn tc, lch s ca tnh Ph Yn m sang trang mi: c lp, t do v Ch ngha x hi. * * * * Thng li ca cuc cch mng thng Tm nm 1945 v i c s ng gp to ln ca i ng tr thc gio gii, hc sinh v sinh vin ni chung ca c nc, trong c i ng gio gii v hc sinh Ph Yn ni ring. Bn thn h
52

khng nhng l nhng chin s tin phong ng gp phn mu xng v tr tu ca mnh m h cn gio dc o to bao th h tr thnh nhng ngi lao ng, chin s, cn b chun b cho cng cuc u tranh bo v v xy dng t nc. ng ch tng B th L Dun vit: Di ch no cng vy, nhn dn ta lun lin h rt khng kht vi tng lp tr thc ca dn tc m tiu biu l gio gii. Qun chng rt coi trng gio gii, v h l tinh hoa ca dn tc, ch ngha yu nc, t tng cch mng thng qua lp tr thc dn tc m i n vi qun chng.

53

PHN TH HAI

GIO DC PH YN T NM 1945 N NM 1975

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CHNG 3

GIO DC PH YN TRONG CHN NM KHNG CHIN CHNG PHP (1945- 1954)

I. TON QUC NHNG NGY U KHNG CHIN Ngy 2 thng 9 nm 1945, Ch tch H Ch Minh c Tuyn ngn c lp tuyn b thnh lp Nc Vit Nam Dn ch cng ha. Ngay t khi mi ra i, nh nc cch mng non tr phi ng u vi nhng kh khn tng chng nh khng th vt qua ni. Vn mnh nc nh nh ngn cn treo si tc. Gic ngoi xm e da, bn phn ng quy ph, nn i honh hnh, kinh t kit qu, ngn sch quc gia hu nh trng rng, i b phn nhn dn tht hc, m ch cng c nhng thnh qu cch mng va mi ginh c, trong phin hp u tin ca Chnh ph, ngy 3 thng 9 nm 1945, H Ch tch nu ra Chnh ph c 3 nhim v trc mt v lu di l: dit gic i, dit gic dt v dit gic ngoi xm. Ngy 5 thng 9 nm 1945 - Ch tch H Ch Minh gi th cho hc sinh ton quc nhn ngy khai trng u tin di ch Vit Nam Dn ch cng ha. Ngi xc nh vai tr, mc tiu ca nn gio dc l phc v cho s phc hng t nc mi ginh c c lp. Ngy 8 thng 9 nm 1945, Chnh ph lm thi k sc lnh v gio dc, Sc lnh s 16 t ra ngch Thanh tra hc v kim sot vic hc theo ng chng trnh gio dc ca Chnh ph. ng ng Thai Mai lm Tng thanh tra hc v bc Trung hc v ng Nguyn Hu To lm Tng thanh tra hc v bc Tiu hc. - Sc lnh s 17 t ra c quan bnh dn hc v v c ng Nguyn Cng M lm Gim c.
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- Sc lnh s 18 bi b ngch hc quan do thc dn Php t ra. - Sc lnh s 20 qui nh vic hc ch quc ng bt buc. - Sc lnh s 38 thit lp B quc gia Gio dc mt Nha Thanh nin v Th dc. - Sc lnh s 144 thit lp Hi ng c vn hc chnh. V ngy 4 thng 10 nm 1945, Ch tch H Ch Minh ra li ku gi ton dn chng nn tht hc. Nh vy, t nhng ngy u cch mng thnh cng, gio dc c coi l mt trong nhng nhim v cp bch nht. ng v Nh nc hnh thnh mt b my chm lo s nghip gio dc vi nhng ni dung v t chc, v qun l gio dc, v chc nng, nhim v, mc tiu, mc ch nguyn tc, phng chm gio dc mt cch rt c bn v c th. B Quc gia Gio dc lnh o cc hot ng gio dc trong c nc, xy dng nn gio dc dn tc, dn ch, gp phn xy dng v cng c nh nc Vit Nam non tr. Thc hin quyn dn ch, bnh ng ca ngi cng dn mi c cch mng em li, ngy 6 thng 1 nm 1946 ln u tin cng vi ng bo c nc trn 98% c tri ca Ph Yn t 18 tui tr ln, khng phn bit nam n, ng phi, tn gio i bu c Quc hi ca nc Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ha. Cc tr thc nh Hunh Lu, Phm Ngc Qu, Trn Qunh, Phan Lu Thanh trng c i biu Quc hi ca tnh Ph Yn, thay mt nhn dn cng Quc hi chm lo quc k dn sinh. Trc tnh hnh thc dn Php ph hoi hip nh S b ngy 6 thng 3 v Tm c 14 ngy 9 thng 1946, qun Php tm cch gy hn khp c nc, nh chim Hi Phng, H Ni qun ta cng nhn nhng gic Php cng ln ti. Ngy 19- 12- 1946, Ch tch H Ch Minh ra li ku gi Ton quc khng chin Bt k n ng, n b, bt k ngi gi ngi tr, khng phn chia ng phi, tn gio, dn tc, h l ngi Vit Nam th phi ng ln nh thc dn Php cu T quc. ai c sng th dng sng, ai c gm dng gm, khng c gm th dng cuc, thung, gy, gc . Hng ng li ku gi cu nc thing ling ca ng v v Cha gi knh yu ca dn tc, cng vi nhn dn c nc, cc tng lp nhn dn Ph Yn tht cht mi on kt trong Mt trn Vit Minh, chin u trn cc mt trn qun s, sn xut, vn ha, gio dc, thc hin tt nhng nhim v c th do tnh ra gp
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phn xng ng trong cng cuc trng k khng chin ton dn, ton din chng thc dn Php ginh thng li v vang cho dn tc. Ph Yn, mt s kin c bit, thng 10 - 1946, y ban Hnh chnh tnh ra k hoch xy dng nn gio dc dn tc dn ch v quyt nh thnh lp trng Trung hc u tin ca tnh, ly tn l trng Trung hc Lng Vn Chnh o to i ng cn b cho tng lai. II. HOT NG GIO DC PH YN (1945-1954) 2.1. Gio dc bnh dn Ch tch H Ch Minh t vic xa nn m ch l cng vic cp bch hng u v Nn dt l mt trong nhng phng php thm c m bn thc dn dng cai tr chng ta Mt dn tc dt l mt dn tc yu. Trong li ku gi Ton dn chng nn tht hc, Ngi vit Mt trong nhng cng vic phi thc hin cp tc trong lc ny l nng cao dn tr. Chnh ph ra hn trong mt nm tt c ngi dn Vit Nam u phi bit ch Quc ng. Chnh ph lp Nha Bnh Dn hc v trng nom vic hc cho dn chng. Quc dn Vit Nam, mun gi vng nn c lp, mun lm cho dn giu nc mnh, mi ngi vit nam phi hiu bit quyn li ca mnh, bn phn ca mnh, phi c kin thc mi c th tham gia vo cng cuc xy dng nc nh v trc ht phi bit c, bit vit ch quc ng. Li ku gi nng cao dn tr ca Ch tch H Ch Minh xem vic hc ca dn chng gn lin vi thc hin quyn lm ch ca nhn dn lm xc ng tm can ngi dn Vit Nam. Hng triu ngi dn mi c gii phng trong c nc hng hi n cc lp hc. Thc hin Ngh quyt ca Hi ng nhn dn tnh Ph Yn k 1, kha I, b my hot ng Gio dc Ph Yn c thnh lp t tnh n cc huyn, x, bun lng trc tip ch o cng tc gio dc trong ton tnh. V b my Bnh dn hc v Cp tnh, v tnh cp bch v tm quan trng c bit ca cng cuc xa nn m ch, Ty Bnh dn hc v c thnh lp, c lp vi Ty tiu hc. T thng 9/1946 n thng 9/1948, thy Nguyn c Rn nguyn y vin gio dc trong y ban Nhn dn huyn Tuy Ha, ph Thanh tra Tiu hc v tnh Ph Yn c c lm Trng ty Bnh dn hc v. T thng 9 nm 1948 n thng 9/1949, thy V Hng lm Trng ty.
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T thng 9/1949 n thng 5/1951, thy Nguyn Ch Thng lm Trng ty. gip vic cho Trng ty c Ph ty v cc ban hc v, ban kim sot. Thc hin ch trng ci cch gio dc ln th nht ca Chnh ph (thng 7 nm 1950), ty Bnh dn hc v v ty Tiu hc c thng nht li thnh ty Gio dc do thy Nguyn c Rn lm Trng ty. cp Huyn, mi huyn, th c Ban Bnh dn hc v, gm 01 trng ban, 01 ph ban v 01 kim sot vin. cp X, mi x phng, bun, lng c ban Bnh dn hc v x, c i gio vin t nguyn i dy cc lp xa m. Gip ban Bnh dn hc v x c ban bo tr, gm cc i biu y ban nhn dn, i din Mt trn Lin Vit, i din cc on th thanh nin, ph n v cc c bch u qun ng vin phong tro. V cng tc vn ng Ngay t nhng ngy u hot ng, ty Bnh dn hc v pht ng mt phong tro xa nn m ch rng khp trong ton tnh. Cng tc tuyn truyn, c ng rm r ng vin ton x hi tham gia dit gic dt vi cc khu hiu nh i hc bnh dn hc v l yu nc cun ht mi ngi. khp ni trong tnh, t thnh th n nng thn, t min bin n min ni cc lp hc xa m ch c mc ln. Ting a nh vn ca cc em b ha vi ting ci vui ht h, ch cc sn ko vi, quanh cc ci gi go nui qun ca nam n thanh nin cng vi ting lp cp ca cc c bch u qun i ng vin n c kim tra con chu hc hnh lm thnh mt bn ha tu ti vui rn r, y sc sng ca nhng lng qu khng chin. Lp hc l nh, cha, miu, lm, l mi tranh ngho, l bng mt di gc a c th, l bn , cng ch hc bt k u, bt k lc no. Ngi nng dn hc trn ng vc cy ra rung, trn m rung cy, trong lc tt nc, nh m. Ngi chi li hc trn sng nc. Sch v, dng c hc tp thiu thn, kham kh nn phn vit thay bng than ci, bng hc thay bng nn nh, sn t; bt vit bng que cy vit ln khay ct, ly que nhn v ln l chui non. Ai may mn lm l c cun v giy nam trung cn g gh xc rm r, mc vit th ly nc t ht mng ti chn Nhng vn ca dao mc mc m y khch l c ph bin rng ri Ph Yn:
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Ly chng bit ch l tin, Ly chng dt c l duyn con b Nhiu thn, x lp cc t kim tra Bnh dn hc v ging dy hi ch trn cc ng ba ng n ch, qua bn . Bnh dn hc v R ht cc ni Lp hc gia tri C ngi n hi Ngi no hc gii Th mi c i Nu cha bit g Th v hc li Cc ban bo tr Bnh dn hc v n tng nh kim tra vic hc. Trong nh c my ngi bit ch th v thng my vng trng, my ngi cha bit ch th v my vng en ln tm bng treo trc hin nh. Gio vin bnh dn s n tng nh dy cho n xa k ht vng trn en mi thi. Nhng bi ht ng vin i hc bnh dn phng theo nhp i hnh khc mt hai mt, c cc i dn qun T v ht vang trong cc bui tp qun s. A cng B sut ngy m lng khng chn Chng ta c cng hc hnh Tr hn m lng thm sng Thm thot ch vi ba thng Bit xem, vit th tinh tng Lm thng vi ba php tnh Sng vui ht ca ln ng Git phng xm lng! Nhng khu hiu mi v Bnh dn hc v kp thi ph bin rng khp, phc v v gn lin vi nhim v khng chin: Mi lp hc l mt t tuyn truyn khng chin. Mi gio vin Bnh dn hc v l mt i vin tuyn truyn khng chin. i hc l khng chin, C hc th khng chin mi thng li, Tin tuyn dit xm lng - hu phng tr gic dt.
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Ni dung dy v hc Trong nhng ngy u ca phong tro Bnh dn hc v, cha c ti liu ging dy, thy gio t son t ging, ch yu da vo vn quc ng lp ng u, sch ca Hi truyn b quc ng ngy xa. V sau, nhng tp sch mng t Lin khu gi v c in lit, hoc chp tay, gio vin chuyn tay nhau m dy. Ngy 2 thng 9 nm 1948, Bc H gi th cho chin s Bnh dn hc v hng dn ni dung dy hc cc lp d b bnh dn: 1/ Hc thng thc v sinh dn bt au m. 2/ Thng thc khoa hc bt m tn nhm. 3/ Hc 4 php tnh lm n c ngn np. 4/ Hc lch s v a d nc ta nng cao lng yu nc. 5/ Hc o c ca cng dn tr thnh ngi cng dn ng n. Kt hp vi tnh hnh thi s a phng, ban hc v ca tnh, cc gio vin son thm cc bi v ch im vn ng i sng mi, vi ni dung gi gn v sinh, n a hai u, n chn, ung si tam tinh t dit (3 sch: n sch, sch, ung sch; 4 dit: dit rui, dit mui, dit su b, dit chut), v ch im khng chin c bi H go khng chin, H go ng tm, Ma ng binh s mi lp hc, nhm hc bnh dn l mt c s tuyn truyn cho khng chin, kin quc. Phng php dy v hc Thy dy l ngi bnh dn nn phng php dy, phng php hc phi tht d hiu, d nh: Ch ci c din ca thnh cc cu lc bt : i, t (t) hai ch ging nhau, i thp c chm, t (t) di c ngang. O trn nh qu trng g thi i m, th mang ru. O, a hai ch khc nhau, v a c ci mc cu bn mnh. 5 du ging cng c b thnh cu ca : Huyn () ngang, sc ( ) dc, nng (.) trn. Hi (?) lom khom ng, ng (~) bun nm ngang.
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Hc bng mt, nhn tn ni m ngy nay ta gi l phng php trc quan. Nong, nia qut vi trng, vit cc ch ci a, b dng cc ng ng. Ch vit trn nn ngi i ch, trn n gnh ngi gnh hng hoc t thnh cu ca, h v l cch dy cho ngi hc d hiu, d nh. i ng gio vin Ch tch H Ch Minh d bn trm cng ngn vic, hng tun vn dnh mt bui ti n thm cc lp hc bnh dn. Ngy 1 thng 5 nm 1946, Ngi li vit th cho gio vin BDHV trong c nc. Anh ch em yu qu ! Chng trnh ca Chnh ph ta l lm th no cho ton quc ng bo ai cng c n, c mc, c hc. Vy nn khu hiu ca chng ta l : 1. Tng gia sn xut. 2. Chng nn m ch Anh ch em l i tin phong trong s nghip s 2 . Anh ch em chu cc kh kh nhc, hy sinh phn u, m mang tri thc ph thng cho ng bo, xy p nn vn ha s b cho dn tc. Anh ch em l nhng ngi v danh anh hng. Tuy l v danh nhng rt hu ch. Mt phn ca tng lai dn tc nc nh nm trong s c gng ca anh ch em. Ti mong rng trong mt thi k rt ngn, lng hng hi v s n lc ca anh ch em s c kt qu v vang: ng bo ta ai cng bit c, bit vit. Ci vinh d th tng ng, bia no cng khng bng. Gio vin l nhng thanh nin, hc sinh, cn b thn x, ngi t thnh th tn c v nng thn, l v, chng, anh ch em trong gia nh. Ngi bit ch dy ngi cha bit ch hc c n u dy li n . Ht ch li i hc v dy tip h dy hc t nguyn, khng nhn th lao ch bng s hng say v lng nhit tnh ca ngi chin s chia ch cho ng bo. Thng 6 nm 1947, nha Bnh dn hc v quyt nh cng b huy hiu Bnh dn hc v, Bc H gi nh tng thng gio vin c thnh tch. nng cao cht lng ngi dy, cc x, huyn, tnh v lin khu thng xuyn m cc lp hun luyn, bi dng cp tc cho cn b gio vin v ni dung, chng trnh, phng php ging dy, cch kim tra, nh gi cng tc gio dc Bnh

60

dn, v c bit l ch trng 2 mn Ton v Vn. H cn c trao i v kinh nghim t chc, vn ng b con ra lp, duy tr, gi vng v pht trin phong tro. Cc cn b tham gia cc lp bi dng Tnh, Khu u phi qua k thi st hch v c cp giy chng nhn hai ngch : Ngch kim sot vin s cp. Ngch kim sot vin cao cp. Tnh Ph Yn c 4 gio vin c cp giy chng nhn kim sot vin cao cp ngnh Bnh dn hc v : 1. Nguyn Ch Thng 2. Vn c Trng 3. Trn c Khoa 4. Nguyn Ngc Chu Chng trnh, cp, lp hc T nm 1945 n 1949, yu cu ca ngnh Bnh dn hc v l hon thnh 02 trnh : 1. Lp xa nn m ch, thi gian dy v hc l 3 thng, yu cu hc sinh phi bit c, bit vit ch Quc ng. 2. Lp d b bnh dn, thi gian hc 5 thng, hc sinh hc xong xa m ch, yu cu l t trnh c bn tng ng lp 3 ph thng. Cui nm 1947, trong ton tnh c n 25% s ngi t 8 tui tr ln 45 tui bit c, bit vit. n cui nm 1948, x Ha Thng (gm c Ha Thng v Ha An hin nay) v x An Ha (huyn Tuy An) c cng nhn l nhng x xa m ch u tin ca Ph Yn. Ring x Ha Thng c cng nhn l x thanh ton nn m ch sm nht Lin khu V. L rc danh hiu L c u c t chc trng th ti x Ha Thng c ng o i biu cc x, huyn trong ton tnh n d. c bit l ng Gim c S Bnh dn hc v Nguyn L Thiu v i din y Ban KCHC Nam Trung b v chng kin, ng vin, khen thng phong tro. Sau , cc x khc nh Ha Quang, An Ninh, Ha Bnh, Ha Thnh, Ha Tn, Phc Hu, La Hai ln lt hon thnh vic xa m ch n cui nm 1949, ton tnh t 70% s ngi trong tui (t 15 n 45) bit c, bit vit. 50 x trong s 58 x ngi Kinh thanh ton m ch. n cui 1950, Ph Yn c Chnh ph cng nhn l tnh t tiu chun hon thnh thanh ton nn m ch.
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Nhng nm 1947 1949, Ph Yn c 176 cn b ct cn c trnh tiu hc theo hc cc kha ca trng Trung hc Bnh dn ti Qung Ngi do y ban KCHC Nam Trung b lp ra theo sng kin ca ng ch Phm Vn ng. Lc ng ch l i din ca Chnh ph ti Nam Trung b v c suy tn l Hiu trng danh d ca nh trng. Sau nm 1950, Bnh dn hc v m thm cc lp B tc bnh dn dnh cho cc hc vin qua cc lp d b bnh dn. Thi gian hc lp ny l 8 thng. Chng trnh hc l ni dung c bn, rt gn chng trnh cp I ph thng. C th 3 mn: Ton, Vn v Khoa hc thng thc. Ngoi ra, qua cc lp ny hc sinh cn c truyn t nhng ch trng chnh sch ca Nh nc v a phng. T nm 1952, Ph Yn m lp tiu hc bnh dn cp tnh ti H Bng (Xun Sn) hc vin l cn b ch cht cp x, cp huyn, chi y vin, huyn y vin. Nm 1953 m thm mt lp vi tng s hc vin hai kha c trn 80 ngi. Ni dung chng trnh nh cp I nhng phi hc thm mn Trit hc Duy vt bin chng, Duy vt lch s v cc mn l lun chnh tr khc. Mn kha hc vin c cp bng Tiu hc bnh dn. Mt s c tip tc hc ln bc Trung hc bnh dn. Trn c s pht trin ca phong tro Bnh dn hc v, ln u tin ng v Chnh ph c Ngh quyt s 52 vo thng 6-1952 v y mnh cng tc b tc vn ha. Ngh quyt nu ln mt cch y v ni dung, yu cu, phng chm, phng php ca Bnh dn hc v trong cuc khng chin chng Php, trong thi k chuyn mnh sang tng phn cng. n nm 1953 1954, trong iu kin chin tranh m rng, cuc khng chin c lit, chng chin dch t lng ca Php tn cng ln chim Ph Yn, Ty Nguyn v ng bng Khu V, tuy th phong tro xa m ch v Bnh dn hc v vn duy tr. Trong 9 nm khng chin chng Php (1945 - 1954), vi hon cnh y th thch kh khn, nhng thnh tu ca cng tc xa m ch v b tc vn ha l kt qu ca s n lc phi thng ca ton ngnh gio dc v lng hiu hc ca nhn dn ta. 10 tnh c cng nhn l n v hon thnh thot nn m ch 34, trong Ph Yn vinh d c cng nhn l 01 trong 10 n v y. Nm 1951, Nha bnh dn hc v c tng thng hun chng khng chin. Bc H ni: l s khen thng rt xng ng, cng l khen thng chung cho tt c nam n cn b trong
34

50 nm pht trin S nghip Gio dc v o to. Nxb Gio dc , 1999, tr.267.

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nc v ngoi nc c cng trn mt trn dit dt, cho tt c cc v ph lo v cc nhn s ng h Bnh dn hc v, cho tt c ng bo trong nc v kiu bo nc ngoi c gng thi ua thot nn m ch. Thng 5 -1952, thy gio L Thng, hiu trng trng Tiu hc x Ha Quang, tm gng tiu biu cho ngnh gio dc Ph Yn c c i d i hi Anh hng chin s thi ua cng nng binh Ton quc ln th I ti Vit Bc. Thy gio L Thng l 1 trong 5 chin s thi ua tiu biu cho ngnh gio dc Ton quc v vinh d c Bc H khen thng. 2.2. V gio dc ph thng 2.2.1. Gio dc Tiu hc Nm hc u tin mi khi sc cha bao lu th cuc Khng chin ton quc bng n. Ph Yn l tnh a u pha Nam ca Khu V, l hu phng trc tip ca khu VI. Thc dn Php lm le mun nh chim Ph Yn, u nm 1947 Php tn cng ra nam Ph Yn, chng b qun dn Ph Yn nh tr quyt lit buc chng phi co cm li ti ni Him (x Ha Xun). Thc hin ch trng tiu th khng chin vi khu hiu vn khng nh trng, bao vy kinh t ch ng bo, thy gio, hc sinh phi tn c v nng thn, khng c trng, khng c lp dy hc lm cho ngnh gio dc b xo trn. Phong tro gio dc c phn gim st. Cui nm hc 1945 1946 c tnh ch cn c 82 lp hc vi 4826 hc sinh, 104 gio vin. K thi Tt nghip tiu hc nm hc 1946 1947 ch c 343 hc sinh d thi, phn nhiu l s hc sinh ln tui (tnh hnh gio dc trong c nc cng st xung: cn 4952 trng, 8720 gio vin, 284.314 hc sinh tiu hc). Gia nm 1947, Tnh y v y ban Khng chin Hnh chnh tnh thnh lp Hi bo tr hc v ku gi nhn dn ng gp tin ca v cng sc xy dng sa cha trng lp; ng vin, to iu kin cho con em tr li trng, vn ng cc tr thc tham gia dy hc. C tnh n nm 1948 xy dng c 136 trng tiu hc c 275 gio vin vi 11.300 hc sinh. T chc cc lin trng gm cc trng nng thn trong mt x, hoc ghp cc trng ca 2, 3 x ln cn thnh mt trng. Nm hc 1948 1949 ton tnh c 186 trng, 24 lin trng v 13.450 hc sinh (t 1/3 s hc sinh n tui i hc)35. Mi lin trng c mt Lin hiu trng. Lin hiu trng rt vt v, trch nhim nng n qun l cc trng v hng dn hot ng dy hc phm vi lin
35

Xem phn Ch thch Hiu trng lin trng

63

trng. T chc sinh hot chuyn mn, son bi tp th, trao i gio khoa, kim tra cc cng tc qun l, t chc cng tc ging dy, chm lo i sng gio vin, lin h vi chnh quyn a phng, hi bo tr hc v v hi cha m hc sinh. Ngoi trng cng lp, nhng thn x c iu kin c m trng tiu hc t thc. Lc by gi Ph Yn c trng Trng Vnh K Mng Lng, trng t thc x An Thch (Tuy An), x Ha Bnh (Tuy Ha) gp phn to iu kin cho con em hc tp, nng cao s lng hc sinh. Bc sang nm hc 1950-1951, c nc thc hin ch trng ci cch gio dc ln th nht ca Chnh ph, ngnh gio dc ph thng thc hin ging dy theo h 9 nm, chia lm 3 cp. Cp I thay cho bc tiu hc c, vi 4 lp (t lp 1 n lp 4). Cp II thay cho bc trung hc nht cp, vi 3 lp (t lp 5, lp 6, lp 7). Cp III thay cho bc trung hc nh cp, vi 2 lp (lp 8 v lp 9). T nm 1950 1951, gio dc ph thng bt u hot ng theo t chc, chng trnh, ni dung ci cch thng nht trong c nc ph hp vi yu cu ca cuc khng chin trong giai on mi. Gio dc ph thng cp I pht trin mnh. Gio vin thiu rt nhiu. S gio dc Lin khu V giao trch nhim cho trng Trung hc Lng Vn Chnh m lp s phm cp tc thi gian 1 nm, o to c 30 gio vin cp 1 b sung gio vin cho tnh. Lp S phm du tin ny do thy Trng ng ph trch, thy Bi Xun Cc dy chnh tr, thy Trn S dy mn nghip v. Nm hc 1952 1953, gio dc cp I Ph Yn pht trin mnh nht vi khong 25.000 hc sinh tng gp 25 ln v 550 gio vin tng gp 5 ln so vi trc cch mng Thng Tm. Tnh hnh trng lp, gio vin, hc sinh Ph Yn 1945-1953 Nm hc Trc thng 8/1945 1945 1946 1948 1949 1949 1950 S trng 5 35 136 186 Lp sinh # 1000 82 0 13.45 322
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Hc vin

Gio

4.826 11.30

104 275

0 1952 - 1953 186 0 2.2.2. Gio dc Trung hc Sau khi ginh c chnh quyn v tay nhn dn, ngay trong phin hp u tin ca Hi ng Nhn dn tnh vo thng 5 nm 1946, cng vi nhng ngh quyt quan trng v sn xut v chin u, cn c ni dung cp vic dit gic dt nng cao dn tr, va c quyt nh thnh lp trng Trung hc nng cao trnh vn ha, o to nhn ti, cn b p ng yu cu ngy cng cao ca cch mng. ng L Duy Trinh, Ch tch y ban Hnh chnh Ph Yn giao trch nhim cho thy Trn Suyn (i biu Hi ng nhn dn tnh) v thy Trn S Hiu trng trng tiu hc Tuy Ha chun b vic thnh lp trng Cch mng mi thnh cng, mi vic u kh khn thiu thn, tnh giao cho hai thy lo liu lm sao th lm 36.ong trn Nin kha u tin ca trng Trung hc Lng Vn Chnh khai ging vo ngy 15 thng 10 nm 1946. y l ngy lch s ng ghi nh ca nn Gio dc tnh, ngy ra i ca bc Trung hc trn t Ph Yn. Trng thnh lp nhng c s vt cht thiu thn, c s hot ng ch tm vi phng trng tiu hc Tuy Ha (nay l trng Trung hc c s L Li). Kh khn nht l thiu gio vin. Trc tnh hnh , Tnh y, y ban iu mt s tr thc ang cng tc cc ngnh khc sang chi vin cho trng nh thy Bi Xun Cc (Trng ty Thng tin tuyn truyn, Tng bin tp bo Chin thng - Ph Yn), thy ng Ngc C, thy inh Nho Bt, thy V Vn Sung. S hc sinh ln n 120 ngi, phn lm 3 lp nht nin. Ngy 19 thng 12 nm 1946 lnh Ton quc khng chin ban ra. Thc hin lnh tiu th khng chin, c quan, trng hc thnh th u tn c v nng thn. Thy gio, hc sinh v a phng tham gia khng chin. u nm 1947, thy Trn S c giao nhim v m li trng Lng Vn Chnh ti Hc L, thn nh Phong, x An Nghip, Tuy An. S hc sinh l 17 trong s 120 tr li trng hc, ghp thnh 1 lp.
36

25.00

550

Giang Trn S Mt cuc i. Nxb Tp. HCM, trang 157.

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Chng trnh hc ngy 2 bui, hc mn vn ha v hc ngh nng. Ngoi ra, hc sinh cn phi tham gia dy bnh dn hc v, xa m ch, cng tc x hi, tuyn truyn i sng mi, hot ng th dc th thao. Nhn k nim 1.000 ngy Khng chin, trng Lng Vn Chnh v thy Trn S c tuyn dng ton Khu V. Nin kha th 2 (1947 - 1948), trng c 4 lp gm 1 lp nh nin v 3 lp nht nin vi 184 hc sinh. Lc ny trng di v An Th, x An Dn, Tuy An. Nin kha th 3 (1948 - 1949), trng phi chuyn n cha Ph Bo, di chn ni Ngang, ng Me, Tuy An vi 7 lp (1 lp tam, 2 lp nh v 4 lp nht) gn 300 hc sinh. Lc ny trng pht trin vi quy m ln, gio vin c b sung, vic ging dy t chc quy c hn. Gio vin c chia thnh cc Nhm chuyn mn nh sau: - Khoa hc t nhin: mn Ton, Vt l thy Hunh Diu, Nguyn Khi ph trch; mn Vn vt : Trn K Doanh, Trn Vn K - Khoa hc x hi : mn Vn do thy Bi Xun Cc, mn S a do thy Bu Th ph trch; Ngoi ng: Php vn thy V Hng, Trn Thin Cn ph trch; mn Anh vn do c Phan Diu Bu, thy Hng H ph trch Ti liu ging dy lc ny khan him. Thy Trn S c c 1 b Larousse de xxesicle (T in th k XX) ca th vin nh my ng ng B v sau c thm b Larousse universelle (T in Bch khoa) v cun t in Khoa hc ca Hong Xun Hn. Trn c s cc b t in v da theo chng trnh ca B gio dc v cc mn khoa hc t nhin, cc gio vin phn nhau dch cc t in ri son thnh bi ging. i vi mn khoa hc x hi, gio vin da theo quyn Th gii s ca o Duy Anh, Vit Nam S lc ca Trn Trng Kim ging dy. Vit vn th gio vin chn lc trong s tc phm ca nhm T lc Vn on, Vn n bo gim v cc sch bo khng chin. Cc bi dy u thng qua tp th vi yu cu n gin, sc tch, chnh xc v phc v cng nng. Nh th m thy d dy, tr d hc. Thy Bi Xun Cc, ngi vit ch p c phn cng t chc xng in li-t. Hc sinh Phm Bch em bng nh th ca mnh cho trng mn lm bng in. Nhm hc sinh vit ch p nh Phm Bch, L Hunh, Bi Sinh, Phan B Ngi, Nguyn Ti Sum, Ng Thng n, V Vn Dut, Nguyn Xun m, vit ch tri, v hnh ngc in li-t bi son ca cc thy, ri pht cho hc tr.
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Trng Lng Vn Chnh Ph Yn c truyn thng vit ch p, thng c gi l nt ch Bi Xun Cc. Trng c y t chuyn trch chm sc sc khe cho thy v tr, c bp n tp th. Ngoi ra, trng cn nhn m lp B tc vn ha cho cn b, gio vin tiu hc v nhn dn trong vng. Cui nm 1949, cuc khng chin chng Php chuyn sang giai on chun b tng phn cng, hng ng li ku gi ca tin tuyn, hc sinh Lng Vn Chnh vi nhit tnh yu nc nng nn, lng cm th gic sc si, ngy 20/9/1949 hc sinh t chc ko nhau ln tnh xin Xp bt nghin ln ng tranh u. on hc sinh my trm ngi ko nhau thnh hng di, i trong ma gi ma ng, gy n tng su sc trong nhn dn. Tuy vy Tnh ch nhn mt trung i vi 40 ngi vo V quc qun37. S hc sinh cn li tr v tip tc hc tp dng xy T quc sau ny. Trng c chi b ng vi 7 ng vin. Cui nm 1950 tng ln 117 ng vin. Nm hc th t (1949 1950), m u cho nm hc li l mt trn bo lt rt ln, trng lp sp , h hi nng n, thy tr nhanh chng khc phc kh khn, khi phc trng lp, tip tc dy hc vi quy m 11 lp (1 lp t nin, 2 lp tam nin, 3 lp nh nin v 5 lp nht nin) vi 400 hc sinh v 14 gio vin. gi trn li ha vi n anh ra i cu nc, ngi li c gng hc tp v sn sng ch lnh khi T quc cn. Kt qu l nm y hc sinh lp t (cui cp trung hc nht) mang v cho nh trng nhng thnh tch xut sc: Gii nht b mn Ton k thi hc sinh gii ton Lin khu V. K thi tt nghip t ton Khu V, hc sinh Lng Vn Chnh 100% v th khoa thuc v anh Cao Chi, hc sinh Lng Vn Chnh. Nm hc 1950 1951, Ph Yn t 1 trng trung hc pht trin thnh mt h thng trng cp 2, gm 3 trng: - Trng cp II Tuy An (Lng Vn Chnh c, ng An nh) thy Trn S tip tc lm Hiu trng n nm 1952 th v tnh gi chc Trng Ty gio dc. Nhng thy lm Hiu trng trng cp II Tuy An k tip t nm 1952 n nm 1955 l thy V Hng, thy Bi Xun Cc, thy Nguyn Ch Thng, Nguyn Cch . - Trng cp II Tuy Ha ng L Tre thn nh Thnh, x Ha nh, huyn Tuy Ha do thy Hunh Diu lm Hiu trng vi 9 lp 300 hc sinh v 15
Cc anh tr thnh anh B i C H, dng cm chin u hy sinh trn cc chin trng Nam Bc. Nhiu anh tr thnh s quan cao cp ca qun i nhn dn Vit Nam
37

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gio vin (Thy Hng H, Nguyn Dng, Trn Vn K, Nguyn Trc, Cao S Liu, Nguyn Minh, Nguyn Cch, Nguyn B Qut) Trong chng trnh c thm mn Hoa vn do thy Nguyn Minh ph trch. - Trng cp II ng Xun ng Xun Lc (G Dui - Sng Cu) do thy Phm Bn lm Hiu trng vi 3 lp, 150 hc sinh, 6 gio vin. Nm 1953 trng di v Vng Lm, thn Triu Sn, x Xun Th 2 ri v cha Hc Ct, di chn o Cy Ca. Cuc khng chin chng thc dn Php ca nhn dn Ph Yn ngy mt thng li. Cui nm 1950 ch rt khi ni Him (Ha Xun). Ph Yn hon ton gii phng. Nhn dn chin khu I mun c mt trng cp 2 p ng yu cu hc tp cho con em trong Huyn. Nm 1951 - 1952 trng cp II Tuy Ha chia thnh trng cp 2 Tuy Ha I, v cp 2 Tuy Ha II. Trng cp 2 Tuy Ha I ng ti ch Xm, thn Cnh Phc (x Ha Tn). Do thy Trn Thin Cn lm Hiu trng. Vi 8 lp, 300 hc sinh v 8 gio vin. Nm hc 1952 1953 trng di v vn M U, thn Phc Bnh. Trng cp II Tuy Ha II di v Ph Lc, x Ha Thng do Thy Trn Xun Nam lm Hiu trng. Trng c 2 lp 7, 3 lp 6 v 4 lp 5. Trng cp II Xun Lc (G Dui Sng Cu) thy Phm Bn lm hiu trng. V cng trong nm ny m thm trng cp II La Hai, ti x Xun Long, trng ch c mt lp 5. Ngoi h thng 5 trng cp 2 quc lp, tnh cn m thm 3 trng cp II t thc : 1 trng x Ha Bnh do thy Nguyn Bnh lm Hiu trng, 1 trng Tuy An ng x An Ninh, ly tn l trng Nguyn An Ninh, do thy Nguyn Thc Cu lm Hiu trng v trng t thc cng gio Trng Vnh K Mng Lng x An Thch. Nm hc 1952 - 1953 l nm bc hc cp II pht trin cao nht. Ton tnh c 8 trng cp 2 (5 cng lp v 3 t thc) vi 34 lp, 1350 hc sinh, 46 gio vin. Ph Yn cha c trng cp III, gn 200 hc sinh ca 4 lp 7 trong ton tnh (2 lp 7 trng cp II Tuy An, 2 lp 7 trng cp II Tuy Ha II) ch c hc sinh xut sc c chn i hc lp 8 trng cp III Nguyn Hu An Nhn Bnh nh ri ln lp 9

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 trng L Khit Qung Ngi. (S hc sinh ny nm 1954 c tp kt ra Bc, c o to thnh nhng cn b KH-KT cao cp ca Nh nc). L hu phng ln cho khu VI, Ty Nguyn, hng trm gia nh nhn dn Ph Yn cn nhn nui trn 200 con em hc sinh vng b chim nh Khnh Ho, Ninh Thun, c Lc, Gia Lai. Cc em hc ht cp I c chuyn ln hc cc trng thiu sinh qun, cc trng ph thng cp II. Mt s hc sinh tr v chin trng cc nam tham gia chin u. Mt s trong cc em c tp kt ra Bc, tip tc hc tp, sau ny tr thnh nhng cn b khoa hc, k thut, cn b ng, chnh quyn cc cp Trung ng v cc tnh bn Nam Trung B38. Cui nm 1953, gic Php m chin dch t Lng, Ph Yn t mt tnh t do ca khu V bin thnh mt chin trng ln, cc trng cp 2 phi di chuyn nhiu ni hoc ngh dy. ng Xun nm 1953 1954, phi hp vi chin trng in Bin Ph, Ty Nguyn, qun v dn Ph Yn nh bi chin dch t Lng ca ch, buc chng phi co cm li th x Tuy Ha. Cc trng cp 2 ln lt c m li. Trng cp II Tuy Ha I c m li vn lm thn M Ha (x Ha Thnh) sau di v Thnh Ph x Ha M. Trng Cp II ng Xun di v miu Rm thuc thn L Uyn, x Xun Phng. Tuy chin tranh ngy cng c lit, song thy v tr cc trng cp 2 trong tnh vn kin cng duy tr trng lp, ging dy v hc tp cho n ngy hip nh Gi-ne-v c k kt, ha bnh c lp li trn qu hng. Tnh tnh gio dc cp 2 t 1946 n 1953 Nm hc 1946 1947 1947 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 S trng 1 1 1 1 3 5 8 (3) S lp 3 4 7 11 21 34 Hc sinh 120 184 289 400 750 1.350 Gio vin 5 10 17 21 35 46

2.3.Cng tc o to, bi dng gio vin

Trn Mnh Tr, Hunh Sum, on Vn in... Trn Lnh, Phm Th Minh H, Thi Phng N, Nguyn nh in, Nguyn Xun m, Trn Lnh...
38

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Nm 1949, Ty gio dc m lp S phm o to gio vin tiu hc. Trng ta lc x An nh do thy Trng ng lm hiu trng, thy Nguyn Thi lm gio vin, thi gian hc mt nm. S lng 56 gio sinh c tt nghip b sung cho i ng gio vin cp 1 trn phm vi ton tnh. n nm 1950, trng Lng Vn Chnh c php m 1 lp S phm cp 1 ti trng vi s lng 30 gio sinh. H nm 1953, Ty gio dc m mt lp o to gio vin cp 1 vi thi gian 1 thng do thy Ng Hng ph trch. n cui nm 1953, s gio vin cp 1 ton tnh l 550 ngi. Gio vin Trung hc (cp 2) c y ban Nhn dn tnh v Tnh y iu ng mt s cn b c trnh t cc ngnh khc nh Ty thng tin, c quan tnh y v trong qun i v trng Lng Vn Chnh. T nin kha 1950 1951 c b sung mt s thy t tnh Bnh nh nh cc thy inh Thnh Bi, Nguyn Trc, Nguyn Dng, L B v mt s hc sinh ca trng Lng Vn Chnh va tt nghip Thnh chung c chn lm gio vin nh Nguyn Cch, Nguyn Ti Sum, Cao Lan, Nguyn n, Nguyn Minh... n nm 1953, gio vin cp 2 c tnh c 50 ngi. 2.4. B my ngnh gio dc (1945-1954) Trong giai on Chn nm khng chin chng Php, b my gio dc cng c thay i theo tng giai on phc v kp thi cng cuc cch mng trong c nc di s lnh o ca ng. T thng 9/1945 1946, Ty tiu hc do Trn Xun Hon Hiu trng trng tiu hc Sng Cu lm Trng ty. T thng 9/1946 - 9/1950, trc yu cu cp bch v tm quan trng ca cng tc xa nn m ch, Ty Bnh dn hc v c thnh lp ngnh gio dc c t chc hot ng thng qua 2 ty l Ty Bnh dn hc v v Ty Tiu hc. * Ty Bnh dn hc v - Thng 9/1947 n thng 9/1948, Nguyn c Rn lm Trng ty - Thng 9/1948 n thng 9/1949, V Hng lm Trng ty - Thng 9/1949 n thng 5/1951, Nguyn Ch Thng lm Trng ty * Ty tiu hc Ty tiu hc khng c b my gio dc cp huyn. Ty qun l trc tip n

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trng hc qua h thng thanh tra, qua hiu trng v lin hiu trng. Mi thanh tra vin ph trch 1 hoc 2 huyn. - Nm 1946 1947, Nguyn c Rn lm Trng ty - Nm 1948 1949, ng Phm Ngc Qu lm Trng ty - Nm 1949 1950, Nguyn c Rn lm Trng ty. T 1951 n 1954, ty Bnh dn hc v v ty Tiu hc sp nhp thnh ty Gio dc Ph Yn. T thng 9/1950 n thng 9/1951, thy Nguyn c Rn lm Trng ty gio dc. T nm 1952 n 1954, thy Trn S lm Trng ty gio dc. ng L Duy Hinh Ph trng Ty. Cc thanh tra vin: thy Ng Hng, Phm Ngc n, Phan Vn Thin. Cn b nhn vin ca Ty gio dc l Nguyn Vn Thi, H Dc, Bch Ngc K, Trn c Khoa, Nguyn Ngc Chu, L Trng III. T CHC NG V HOT NG ON TH lnh o cc hot ng gio dc, t nm 1949, s lng ng vin Ty gio dc t nn sinh hot chung vi ng vin ca Ty thng tin, n nm 1952 1953, Chi b gio dc mi thnh lp. Chi y lc by gi c 3 ng ch Phm Ngc n, Trn c Khoa v Nguyn Vn Thi, do Phm Ngc n lm b th. trng Tiu hc, s ng vin cn t nn sinh hot ti Chi b a phng. ng vin gio vin l nng ct trong vic thc hin ng li gio dc v tham gia mi cng tc khng chin a phng. trng Trung hc, mi n nm hc 1947 - 1948, tnh tng cng cho trng Lng Vn Chnh mt ng vin l Bi Xun Cc. Thng 10/1949 c 7 ng vin, Chi b trng Lng Vn Chnh c thnh lp do ng ch Nguyn Chi lm b th, n cui nm 1950 trng pht trin c 117 ng vin39. Nhng nm 1950 1951, trng cp II Tuy Ha c thnh lp, chi b ng do thy Hunh Lu lm b th. Cc t chc ng, cc ng vin trong ngnh gio dc thc s xng ng l nhng ht nhn, u tu gng mu trong cng cuc xy dng nn gio dc dn tc dn ch, phc v c lc cho cng cuc khng chin chng thc dn Php. Cng on gio dc Nm 1946, i hi thnh lp Cng on gio gii Ph Yn c t chc ti Ha a (An M Tuy An). i hi thng qua tn ch, mc ch, iu l, chng
Theo Bi Xun Cc Nguyn Chu Chi b ng trng Lng Vn Chnh Tp san k nim 50 nm
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trnh hot ng v bu ban chp hnh cng on do ng ch Nguyn c Rn lm th k cng on gio gii Ph Yn. Nm 1952, gio gii cc tnh khu V tin hnh i hi thnh lp cng on gio dc ton Lin khu. Cng on gio dc l mt t chc qun chng, phi hp cht ch vi chnh quyn vn ng ton th gio gii thc hin tt nhim v chnh tr ca mnh, gp phn chm lo bi dng chuyn mn, nghip v, t tng chnh tr cng nh i sng vt cht cho on vin. Phng thc hot ng cng on l ly vic gio dc gip ln nhau, ly vic t ph bnh v ph bnh cng nhau hon thnh tt nhim v. Nm 1951, Ty gio dc cng Cng on gio dc tnh t chc i hi thi ua ln th nht. Cc thy Trn Xun Nam, Hunh Diu, Nguyn Chu, Nguyn Chu c tuyn dng l Chin s thi ua cp tnh. Nm 1952, ti i hi thi ua Cng on gio dc Lin khu V, Thy L Thng, Nguyn Chu, Hunh Diu, Cao Dn, Nguyn Thi, Phm Ngc n c tng danh hiu Chin s thi ua Lin khu V. Trong s , thy L Thng c Chnh ph tng danh hiu Chin s thi ua Ton quc v c Bc H khen thng, c gio Nguyn Th Thanh ng Xun c bu Chin s thi ua dit dt ca tnh Ph Yn v c Bc H tng nh k nim. Bn cnh t chc cng on, nm 1952, tnh on hc sinh c thnh lp do ng ch Nguyn Kn c bu lm Tnh on trng, ng ch Nguyn Vn Thi i din ca Ty Gio dc Ph Yn tham gia vo Ban chp hnh tnh on. T chc on th hc sinh Tt c hc sinh cc cp trong tnh u c t chc sinh hot trong on th hc sinh. Hc sinh cp I c tham gia vo t chc thiu nhi cu quc ca thn x v hot ng gn lin vi a phng. Hc sinh cc trng cp II c t chc sinh hot trong cc Hiu on hc sinh. Hiu on tp hp tt c hc sinh trong trng, mi lp l mt phn on hc sinh. Ban chp hnh Hiu on do i hi hc sinh bu ra. Nhim k mt nm - Hiu on hot ng di s lnh o ca chi b ng nh trng v tnh on hc sinh. Trc nm 1952, Hiu on hot ng di s lnh o ca Tnh on thanh nin cu quc. Mi n nm 1952, mi thnh lp tnh on hc sinh ring thng
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nht lnh o thanh thiu nin trong nh trng. ng ch Nguyn Kn c bu lm Tnh on trng, ng ch Nguyn Vn Thi i din ca Ty gio dc Ph Yn tham gia vo Ban chp hnh Tnh on. Hot ng ca Hiu on nhm gip hc sinh rn luyn lp trng t tng cch mng, xy dng nn np phong cch hc tp, lao ng mi, thu ht ng o hc sinh vo cc hot ng khng chin cu nc. Hiu on gp phn xy dng c thc, nn np t qun, hnh thnh trong hc sinh tinh thn tp th trn cc mt hot ng trong trng cng nh ngoi x hi. i sng hc tp v hot ng ca hc sinh th h thi khng chin chng Php tht vt v, gian kh nhng cng y nim vui, ho hng. Phng tin hc tp th thiu thn mi b. Sch hc khng c, chuyn tay chp bi ging ca thy, giy vit bng th giy th cng sn xut t rm r, m v nhm, gi l giy Nam Trung. Vic hc th rt k cng, trt t, t gic. Thy - Tr gn gi thn yu, mi tun c bui sinh hot tp th kim im tnh hnh hc tp v cng tc. Cui nm c thi ua, khen thng hc sinh gng mu, hu nh khng c hc sinh lu lng chi bi. Nm 1952, Phan Huy T - hc sinh lp 7 trng cp 2 Tuy Ha II c bu hc sinh xut sc ton tnh v tham gia on chin s thi ua ca tnh Ph Yn i d i hi chin s thi ua Cng nng binh ton lin khu V ln th Nht ti Bnh nh. Cha y mt nm, ngy 6 thng 1 nm 1946, c tri c nc cng nh Ph Yn t tay mnh vit l phiu bu c Quc hi, ngi thay mt mnh lo quc k dn sinh. l chin cng u tin v cng to ln ca Ngnh gio dc cch mng. Ngnh gio dc Ph Yn thc hin tt chin lc va khng chin va kin quc. Bnh dn hc v lo vic nng cao dn tr cho ton dn, dy cho dn thc hin i sng mi, bit cch sn xut, lm n tin b, nng cao thc ngha v lm ngi cng dn tt, on kt, quyt tm bo v vng gii phng, hng hi phc v chin trng, i tng qun nh gic lm ngi chin s tt. c b tc vn ha, cn b x thn lm tt cng tc qun l xy dng chnh quyn cch mng a phng; trn trm cn b Ph Yn c i hc trung hc bnh dn, lp tr thc mi u tin sau cch mng thng Tm c o to. H tr thnh nhng cn b ct cn ca tnh nh v cc tnh Nam Trung B.

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V gio dc tiu hc v ph thng, t quy m b nh, ngho nn v c s vt cht, vt qua mi kh khn gian kh ca cuc khng chin 9 nm chng Php, gio vin v nhn dn tnh Ph Yn xy dng c mt h thng nh trng tiu hc khp c bun, lng, ng bng min ni. Nm 1954 l nm gio dc Ph Yn pht trin mnh nht, c n 26.350 hc sinh vi 596 gio vin. Nm 1954 c tnh c mt h thng 8 trng cp 2 (5 trng trung hc cng lp v 3 trng t thc). y l mt bc nhy vt v cht ca nn gio dc cch mng Ph Yn. Ph Yn l tnh trong vng gii phng lin khu V c phong tro gio dc pht trin tt, c Nh nc tuyn dng. Thnh cng ln nht ca Ngnh gio dc tnh Ph Yn trong giai on ny l gp phn hnh thnh trong ton dn v nht l th h tr lng yu nc su sc, s gn b keo sn vi ch dn ch cng ha v ch bo v nh nc cch mng m bng xng mu do h xy p nn. l truyn thng cc k qu bu, v sc mnh tinh thn bt kh chin thng ca nhn dn Ph Yn mang vo cuc khng chin ln th hai chng quc M xm lc, gii phng qu hng thng nht nc nh.

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CHNG IV GIO DC PH YN THI CHNG M CU NC (1954 - 1975) I. BI CNH LCH S Trong Chn nm khng chin chng thc dn Php, Ph Yn l mt tnh pha nam vng t do rng ln ca Lin khu V. Tuy thng xuyn b ch uy hip, ln chim pha Nam v Ty Nam ca tnh nhng Ph Yn vn l hu phng trc tip v vng chc ca Khnh Ha v nam Ty Nguyn. Sau chin thng lch s ly lng in Bin Ph (7 - 5 - 1954) cng vi thng li to ln chin trng Nam b, ng bng Bc b, Bc Ty Nguyn, trong c s ng gp ca qun v dn Ph Yn nh bi chin dch t Lng ca ch, buc thc dn Php phi m phn vo ngy 20 thng 7 nm 1954 k Hip nh Gi-nev lp li ha bnh Vit Nam v ng Dng. Theo hip nh ny, Vit Nam tm chia ra lm hai min, ly sng Bn Hi lm gii tuyn. Min Bc t v tuyn 17 tr ra c hon ton gii phng, nhn dn sng di ch Vit Nam dn ch cng ha. Min Nam t v tuyn 17 tr vo bn giao cho chnh quyn Si Gn tm thi qun l. Sau 02 nm (n thng 7/1956) s t chc Tng tuyn c t do trong c nc thng nht T quc. Trong th gi ng bo min Nam ngay sau Hip nh Gi-ne-v k kt, Ch tch H Ch Minh vit: ng bo min Nam khng chin trc ht, gic ng rt cao. Ti tin chc rng ng bo min Nam s t li ch ca c nc ln trn li ch a phng, li ch lu di trn li ch trc mt m ra sc cng ng bo ton quc phn u cng c ha bnh, thc hin thng nht, hon thnh c lp, dn ch trong c nc. ng, Chnh ph v ti lun theo di s c gng ca ng bo. Ti tin rng ng bo s thng li. M ht cng thc dn Php, chng nm ly lc lng i a ch phong kin phn ng m i din l Ng nh Dim, thit lp ch thc dn kiu mi vi m mu hng chia ct lu di t nc ta. M dng mi th on ph hoi Hip
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nh Gi-ne-v bng cch tin hnh cc cuc khng b tr th mt cch tn khc, cng vi cc th on xm nhp kinh t, vn ha xa b cc thnh qu thi k khng chin 9 nm chng Php ca chng ta, trong c c nhng thnh qu tt p ca nn gio dc cch mng. Nhn dn min Nam Vit Nam li bt buc phi tin hnh mt cuc u tranh cch mng mi: u tranh i thc hin Hip nh Gi-ne-v, tip tc u tranh cch mng dn tc dn ch nhn dn gii phng min Nam thng nht t nc. II. GIO DC PH YN TRONG CN C CCH MNG V VNG GII PHNG (1954-1975) 2.1. Gio dc Ph Yn giai on 1954-1960 Sau thng 7- 1954, cch mng Vit Nam chuyn sang mt giai on mi. Theo tinh thn Ngh quyt Trung ng VI kha II, k th ca cch mng Vit Nam khng cn l thc dn Php m l quc M. Phng php u tranh cch mng chuyn t u tranh v trang sang u tranh chnh tr. Gio dc l mt hot ng cch mng nn cng phi chuyn theo chin lc . Hi ngh Lin khu y khu V v Hi ngh Tnh y Ph Yn m rng vo thng 8 -1954 ch trng m t gio dc tuyn truyn v ni dung hip nh Gi-ne-v, v tnh hnh v nhim v mi, v phng chm, phng php u tranh thi hnh Hip nh Gi-ne-v trong ton dn. Ngy 31 thng 8 nm 1954, Ty gio dc Ph Yn tin hnh Hi ngh Gio dc m rng ti Xun Sn huyn ng Xun, gm cn b qun l Ty, Hiu trng cc trng cp 1, cp 2 cng vi cn b cng on ngnh nghin cu ni dung Hip nh Gi-ne-v v ph bin phng php u tranh, nhim v gio dc trong tnh hnh mi. Cc thy gio vn kin tr bm tr trng lp, vt qua kh khn t chc khai ging nm hc mi vo ngy 15 thng 9 nm 1954. Thy Nguyn Cch hiu trng trng cp 2 Lng Vn Chnh ( Tuy An) vn duy tr hot ng dy hc n thng 1 nm 1955. Thy Trn S trng Ty gio dc Ph Yn v cc thy c gio khc nh Trng ng, Nguyn Chu c phn cng li tip tc s nghip gio dc.

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Ngy 7 thng 9, M v tay sai gy ra v thm st Ngn Sn - Ch Thnh lm cht 64 ngi, b thng 76 ngi. Nhiu gio vin, cn b ty gio dc b bt, b tra tn ri giam nh lao Ngc Lng. Thy gio Trng ng - cn b ty gio dc b ch bt th tiu trong nh t nm 1956 (c truy tng lit s nm 2000). Thy gio Thi Phng K, Lin hiu trng x Ha Thng b ch tra tn n tn ph. Theo bo co ca Vn phng Trung ng ng thng 11/1954, ch tnh trong 2 thng 9 v 10 nm 1954 s ng vin, cn b v thng dn b git Ph Yn ln n 721 ngi, 500 ngi b thng, 589 ngi t y. Cch mng min Nam ni chung v Ph Yn ni ring ng trc nhng th thch nghim trng. C s cch mng b thu hp, cn b b mt thot ly thiu thn mi b, i cm, lt mui, nhiu ng ch b bt, b giam cm, st hi Trc tnh hnh , Tnh y hp nghin cu ch th ca Khu y, phn tch tnh hnh, chng t tng dao ng, bi quan tiu cc, nu gng hc tp cc n v, c nhn ng vin gi trn kh tit cch mng sng anh dng cht v vang. Nhng chin s cng sn tiu biu kin cng bt khut nh ng ch Nguyn Thanh Hng Ha Tr, L Vn Thnh th x Tuy Ha v nhiu ng ch khc hy sinh rt anh dng. Nhiu tm gng kin trung oanh lit nh l c Nguyn Th Lun n sinh trng Ha Thnh tham gia xy dng c s cch mng b ch bt. Trc k th, c gi trn kh tit, kin cng chu ng mi cc hnh tra tn, t trong nh lao Tuy Ha c gi nhng dng tm huyt v cho m : i chn nh mang chic xing 5 k Tay cng thm vng xch 2 cn Con l mnh trong ngc tht ti um Mi cn cht khng mt ln rn xit Li l m, dm nt mnh gt st L chng n mt by trc Bn b con mt d kin trinh M nh con, ng gan nn ch sn ! V yu nc nn con quyt Hin tui xanh cho T quc qu hng Nt thn mnh khng th nt tnh thng
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D phi cht, con khng h s cht M i m, nh m hin tha thit i m hin ! i t nc Vit Nam ! (thng 12/1959) Sau nhng ngy thng u tranh quyt lit kin cng, ch buc phi tr t do cho C. Nm 1960, Nguyn Th Lun thot ly ra cn c, c bu vo Thng v ph n tnh v anh dng hy sinh vo nm 1961 gia 25 tui xun xanh. T cui nhng nm 1959 u 1960, cch mng c nhng vng cn c gii phng Th L, t khu bc n ty Sn Ha. ng ch trng m cc lp hc xa m ch v lp 1, lp 2 dy cho con em vng cn c. Cc thy gio L Thc Chin, x An Dn dy cp 1 x Th L, cn c b mt ca Tnh y, Nguyn Vn Chn hc sinh trng Lng Vn Chnh thot ly ln dy cn c Ph M, Nguyn Vn Long qu An Nghip ln dy ti x Sui Ch, Nguyn Ngc Anh Xun Long, Trnh ch An nh ln dy ti bun Ma Chim, x Phc Tn, cn c Sn Ha y l nhng ht ging ca nn gio dc cch mng c nhen nhm c phc hi trn khu cn c a, chun b cho s pht trin sau ny. 2.2. Gio dc Ph Yn giai on 1961-1965 Hi ngh BCH TW ng ln XV (thng 1 nm 1959) nhn nh tnh hnh min Nam v ra ng li u tranh: Con ng pht trin c bn ca cch mng Vit Nam min Nam l khi ngha ginh chnh quyn v tay nhn dn Con ng l ly sc mnh ca qun chng, da vo lc lng chnh tr ca qun chng l ch yu, kt hp vi lc lng v trang h tr nh chnh quyn thng tr ca quc v phong kin, dng ln chnh quyn cch mng ca nhn dn. Trong nhng iu kin no , cuc khi ngha ca nhn dn min Nam c kh nng chuyn thnh cuc u tranh v trang trng k. u thng 12-1959, Tnh y hp Hi ngh ti sui Heo, x Bu Bn, huyn Sn Ha qun trit Ngh quyt 15 ca Trung ng. My nm lin ta u tranh chnh tr gp nhiu kh khn, tn tht nng n, nay c Trung ng cho php s dng lc lng v trang nh ch, phong tro cch mng c iu kin tin ln. Tnh y ra ch trng tiu dit tay sai trn p ch, xy dng cn c min ni, rt thanh nin ra chin khu, t chc lc lng v trang.

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Thng 11-1960, min Ty Ph Yn c gii phng ni lin vi cc huyn ng bng v cc tnh Bnh nh, Gia Lai, c Lc, Khnh Ha to thnh mt vng cn c lin hon rng ln chim 50% din tch ton tnh vi s dn l 13.000 ngi, to th ng vng cho lc lng cch mng tin xung gii phng vng ng bng. Cuc ng Khi ca nhn dn Bn Tre (u nm 1960), tin tc vng ln t gii phng ca nhn dn tc ng n tinh thn cch mng ang sc si Ph Yn. Ngy 20 thng 12 nm 1960, s thnh lp Mt trn dn tc gii phng Min Nam Vit Nam, nh u mt bc ngoc lch s trong cuc u tranh ca cch mng gii phng Min Nam. m 22 thng 12 nm 1960, nhn dn x Ha Thnh, huyn Tuy Ha di s lnh o ca ng vng ln lm cuc ng Khi thng li, bt ton b trung i dn v, thu v kh, xa b ngy quyn, lp nn chnh quyn cch mng, trn 40 thanh nin gia nhp lc lng v trang. Nhn dn Ha Thnh vng ln t gii phng, lm ch i mnh v tr thnh im m u cho phong tro gii phng cc tnh ng bng khu V. Nh pht pho lnh cho cuc u tranh v trang, cuc ng khi Ha Thnh kch thch nhn dn cc x Ha Xun, Ha Tn, Ha M, Ha Phong, Ha ng, Ha Hip, Sn Thnh, Hn Nhn (Tuy Ha I) thn Cm T, Th Bnh (Ha Kin), thn ng Ha, ng M, Hnh Lm, Ha Quang (Tuy Ha II), An Lnh, An Th (huyn Tuy An); Cc thn Lnh T, a Lc (Xun Lnh), Ho Danh, Ho Ngha, M Lng (Xun Th), Thch Kh (Xun Lc) ln lt ng ln gii phng qu mnh. Thng 10 nm 1961, tnh ta t chc gii thot Lut s Nguyn Hu Th ang b M ngy qun thc ti th x Tuy Ha v chin khu. V ng tr thnh Ch tch Mt trn dn tc gii phng Min Nam Vit Nam. Uy tn ca cch mng Ph Yn ln cao hn bao gi ht. Vo gia nm 1962, cc vng gip ranh ng bng c m ra v ni lin vi cn c min ni. Dn s vng ng bng c gii phng ln n 55.000 ngi (cha k 13.000 ngi min Ty c gii phng trc) vi hn 2/3 din tch t ai ton tnh gm 105 thn, 25 x. Lc lng v trang ca tnh, cc on th qun chng c xy dng, thnh lp chnh quyn nhn dn t qun.

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Thng 10-1962, Tiu ban gio dc Trung ng cc (TWC) min Nam (gi tt l Tiu ban gio dc Min hoc tiu ban gio dc R) c thnh lp. TBGD Min l mt b phn ca ban tuyn hun Trung ng cc (TWC) ch o cng tc gio dc ton min Nam. ng ch Trn Thanh Nam (Hong o) cn b gio dc khu V tp kt ra Bc, nay tr v c ch nh lm quyn Trng tiu ban cng vi 4 cn b khc. ng li gio dc min Nam Vit Nam c TWC thng qua trong Thng t 44/TT ngy 13/02/1963 Da vo lc lng nhn dn, cn b gio dc v cc nh gio yu nc kin quyt ph cc chnh sch ngu dn v cc hnh thc gio dc n dch, phn ng, ngoi lai, i try ca M ngy, tch cc xy dng nn gio dc dn tc dn ch v khoa hc theo ch ngha MacLnin nhm bi dng chnh tr, vn ha cho nhn dn lao ng trc ht l cn b v chin s, bit yu nc nng nn, c kin thc, o c v sc khe tip tc s nghip chng M cu nc v kin thit x hi sau ny. Ngy 19-5-1964 i hi gio dc ton MNVN c t chc, 100 i biu gio dc cc khu, tnh t Bn Hi n C Mau v d. i hi nghin cu, hc tp, qun trit ng li gio dc ca ng, ni dung chng trnh v phng php ging dy ca nh trng cch mng. i hi cng tin hnh thnh lp Hi nh gio yu nc MNVN gm 39 y vin Ban chp hnh do gio s L Vn Hun lm Ch tch Hi. Cng lnh ca Hi l on kt tp hp tt c cc lc lng gio chc tin b MNVN u tranh thc hin mt nn gio dc dn tc, dn ch v tin b, chng li chnh sch n dch ca quc M xm lc v b l tay sai, xy dng mt nc Vit Nam ha bnh, thng nht (trch iu l Hi Nh gio yu nc MNVN). Thng 7-1964, on cn b gio dc th 3 ca min Bc chi vin cho min Nam v n n v. on i Bc n (lin khu V) c ng ch Nguyn Vn Hiu, ng ch T Uyn Minh, ng ch Nguyn Bnh, Nguyn Tn Hi, V Nham. on i ng C (TWCMN) c ng ch Ba Hong (L Vn Lc), Thanh Sn (Nguyn Xun m), L Minh Vn (L Hu Tn), Hng Nht (Ng Vn T), c Triu (Nguyn Vn Hn). Tnh Ph Yn t cui nm 1961 u 1962, mt s thy gio thi khng chin chng Php thot ly ra vng cn c tham gia cch mng nh thy T Tn Ty,
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Nh Bng, Nguyn Khoa C, Nguyn Chu, Nguyn Tun, Trn Kim Bi, Bin Ngc Hng, Trn nh Tu, Hunh Sn, L Khc Thnh, Nguyn Long, Nguyn T C thy m nhng lp bnh dn xa m ch cho cn b, thanh nin vng cn c, hay lp B tc vn ha cho cn b nhn vin c quan huyn, tnh. C thy m cc lp cp 1 dy cho con em vng gii phng. C thy chuyn lm cng tc vn phng, cng tc tuyn hun. T thng 4-1961, Hi ngh Tnh y ra Ngh quyt v vic cng c cc on th qun chng v cc Ban chuyn mn ca ng trong c gio dc. Trong Ban tuyn hun ca tnh c T ch o cng tc gio dc. Tnh y ch trng u c dn, c tr em d vng gii phng hay vng tranh chp l phi c trng hc cch mng, nhm hc, lp hc bnh dn, cho ngi ln hoc cho tr em l ni tuyn truyn cch mng, cng c vng gii phng, chng m mu dn dn, lp p chin lc ca ch. T nm 1963, gio dc tnh ni c mi lin h ch o ca Tiu ban Gio dc khu V v c Tiu ban gio dc TWC min Nam. Nm 1964, Ph Yn c nhng on gio vin t min Bc tr v nh cc thy Nguyn Cch, o Th L, V Hoi c, Hong Thnh Ph v nm 1965 c cc thy Bng Tn, Nguyn o, Nguyn Ngc Anh. ng k nht l cc thy gio t tnh Hi Dng v cc tnh khc trong c nc vo Ph Yn chia la cng ng nghip trn mt trn gio dc. Cng trong thi gian t 1964-1973 Trng S phm khu V do ng ch T Uyn Minh, Ph Tiu ban gio dc khu V, lm Hiu trng m c 3 kha o to. Tnh nh gi c 23 hc vin i hc (xem ph lc). i ng gio vin c tng cng, p ng c yu cu ca phong tro. n gia nm 1964, nhiu trng hc trong tnh c m, nh trng tiu hc Xun Lc (Sng Cu), Ph M (ng Xun), Vn Ha (Sn Ha), An Chn, An Lnh (Tuy An), Ha Quang, M Ha, Ha Thnh (Tuy Ha). Cc huyn ng bng, c vng gii phng rng nh Tuy Ha 1, Sn Ha, ng Xun, Sng Cu mi huyn u c 1 trng cp II. Ton tnh c 4 trng cp 2 trn 500 hc sinh v 23 gio vin. i ng gio vin cp II c o to t trng S phm Khu V, s ng l gio vin chi vin t min Bc (ch yu gio vin t tnh Hi Dng - tnh kt ngha vi Ph Yn). Thng 7 nm 1965, vi quy m ca ngnh gio dc ngy cng rng ln, yu cu cn phi c mt b phn my tng ng, Tiu ban gio dc trc thuc ban
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Tuyn hun tnh c thnh lp ph trch ch o cng tc gio dc. Thy o Th L - nguyn Hiu trng trng hc sinh min Nam s 19 Chng M - H ng c chi vin v Ph Yn lm Trng ban gio dc tnh. ng ch Nguyn Chu lm Ph ban, Nguyn Cch lm y vin. Cng thi gian ny, i hi Gio dc tnh din ra ti vng I x An Lnh - Tuy An tng kt phong tro gio dc v ra phng hng nhim v pht trin gio dc trong tnh hnh mi. i hi gio dc cng ng thi l i hi thnh lp Hi Nh gio yu nc ca tnh. ng L Trn, mt nh gio yu nc, t Php v c mi ra cn c lm Ch tch Hi nh gio yu nc tnh, y vin Hi nh gio yu nc khu V va l y vin Mt trn dn tc gii phng Min Nam Vit Nam tnh Ph Yn. ng Nguyn Chu lm Ph hi trng. Hi l t chc on th ngh nghip nhm tp hp on kt rng ri nhng gio chc trong vng gii phng ln vng tm b chim, vng th nhm u tranh cho mt nn gio dc dn ch, tin b gp phn vo cng cuc gii phng min Nam, thng nht T quc. Nm 1965 l nm cc trng cp 2 c thnh lp nhiu nht (4 trng) hnh thnh mt h thng cc trng cp 2: - Trng cp 2 Tuy Ha : thnh lp thng 3 nm 1965, ti vn Chn Bu, thn M Xun, x Ha Thnh, thy Nguyn Bang lm Hiu trng. Sau , thy o Th L - Trng TBGD tnh lm Hiu trng. Nhng gio vin ging dy ti trng nh thy Nguyn Vn A, Nguyn Vn Cao, ng Chnh, Nguyn Cng, H Huy Hong, Hunh Hng,Ng Thch ng, L Vn Vit, ng Vn Vnh Tng s hc sinh l 150, chia thnh 3 lp 5. Chiu ngy 28-4-1965 trong lc hc sinh tp trung Hi trng chun b d l Quc t lao ng 1-5 th b my bay M th bom cht 8 em hc sinh v thy ng Vn Vnh cng 9 em hc sinh khc b thng. y l mt ngy lch s au thng ghi du ti c ty tri ca gic M i vi hc sinh Ph Yn. i pht thanh gii phng ca Mt trn dn tc gii phng MNVN cc lc ln n ti c ca gic M trc d lun trong nc v trn ton th gii. Trng phi di v thn Ph Th, ri chuyn ln thn Thnh Ph x Ha M. Trng vn pht trin ln 3 lp 5 v 2 lp 6. Chin tranh c lit, trng phi chuyn v rng gi Hn Nhn ch cn 1 lp 5 v 1 lp 6 vi 60 hc sinh ca Ha Thnh, Ha M, Ha ng, Ha Tn v Sn Thnh theo hc, do thy Nguyn Bng Tn lm Hiu trng, thy Hunh Vn Phong lm
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Hiu ph. Ngy 2-12-1966, bit kch M vo trng bn cht thy Nguyn Cng v bn b thng hc sinh, t ph trng lp. Trng li chuyn ra x Sn Thnh. Ch trong 2 nm xy dng, trng cp 2 Tuy Ha di n 5 ni; 1 gio vin, 8 hc sinh hy sinh v 10 hc sinh b thng. Song, thy tr trng cp 2 Tuy Ha vn kin cng dy v hc. Trng cp 2 Tuy An : Trng c quyt nh thnh lp ngy 10-3-1965 ti o Hc Dy, G nh, x An Lnh. Sau trng di v Hc L, thn nh Phong, x An Nghip. Trng gm 7 lp (4 lp 5, 2 lp 6 v 1 lp 7) vi 100 hc sinh. Thy Trng B Sm lm Hiu trng, cc gio vin l Bng Sn, Nguyn Khang, Nguyn Ngc Trn, Hong Lc H, V Cng, Nguyn Ngc Huynh. Trng cp 2 Sng Cu, ng ch Hoi Nam lm Hiu trng v gio vin Nguyn Th Thng ph trch ging dy. Trng cp 2 ng Xun, trng c thnh lp ti K L thuc x Xun Quang huyn ng Xun do ng ch Nht Nam trng ban tuyn hun huyn ph trch. Nhng gio vin tham gia ging dy ti trng nh Nguyn Vn A, Vnh Tn Nhng nm 1964 - 1966, gio dc Cch mng c iu kin pht trin mnh. Vng gii phng n u th trng hc m n . C tnh c 287 lp cp 1, c 347 gio vin cn b v 10.500 hc sinh. Cng vi gio dc ph thng, phong tro gio dc bnh dn cng pht trin mnh. Cc lp bnh dn hc v c m ra khp ni. B con r nhau i hc xa nn m ch. Cc lp b tc vn ha c t chc bi dng vn ha cho thanh nin, cn b cc on th qun chng, cc c quan tnh huyn, trong lc lng v trang. 2.3. Gio dc Ph Yn giai on 1966 - 1968 Chin tranh c bit b ph sn, quc M chuyn sang Chin tranh cc b min Nam v ra sc nh ph min Bc. Trong ma kh 1965 - 1966, chng m cuc cn qut vi mc tiu tm dit v bnh nh nh vo cn c Sn Ha, Tuy An, pha ty ng Xun v Tuy Ha II. Chng cn qut v bn cht hng trm ng bo x An Xun, git trn 30 em nh x An Lnh Trc tnh hnh mi, Ch th ca Tiu ban gio dc min Nam, ngy 01-101967 xc nh: Nhim v ch yu ca gio dc lc by gi l tp trung sc
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bo v thy, tr, gi vng v pht trin cc trng lp vng gii phng. ng thi tuyn truyn t chc lc lng vng tranh chp tn cng ra vng ven, th. Tip tc y mnh hn na cng tc u tranh chng vn ha n dch, thc dn kiu mi ca quc M v tay sai. thc hin tt nhim v trn, phi ht sc ch o to i ng cn b gio vin nht l gio vin lm cng tc t tng chnh tr. Khu y khu V, trong Ch th nhim v nm hc 1967 1968 nhn mnh Qun trit hn na bnh dn hc v l cng tc hng u ca gio dc, phi tp trung kh nng gio dc vo cng tc ny ng vi v tr ca n. Ch th yu cu Khn trng hon thnh xa m ch trc ht cho cn b, du kch, ng vin, on vin Tch cc pht trin b tc vn ha cp I ng bng, min ni, cc c quan, n v v trang. Duy tr, bo v trng lp ph thng trc ht l cp I, tch cc pht trin gio dc dn tc min ni. Trc tnh hnh kh khn do chin tranh, Tnh y Ph Yn ra phng chm Dn bm t, gio dc bm dn, gio vin bm trng lp cn b, gio vin quyt tm thc hin. Trng hc c phn tn chuyn thnh cc nhm nh, lp hc c hm ho trnh phi pho, nn phong tro duy tr mc nht nh. Thng 2 nm 1966, Tnh y quyt nh thnh lp Trng dn tc ni tr dnh cho con em ngi dn tc do ng ch La-M-c, dn tc Chm, Ph vn phng Huyn y min Ty lm Hiu trng. Trng c xy dng bun Tn D gip tnh Gia Lai. Nm 1967, trn c s trng Dn tc ni tr tnh, thng 6-1967, Tnh y quyt nh thnh lp Trng s phm min ni40, do thy o Th L trng ban gio dc tnh kim Hiu trng. ng ch -Ban-Thng - ngi dn tc Bana qu x Ph M lm Hiu ph, thy Y Ning l gio vin vi 1 lp 30 hc sinh. T nm 1973-1975 thy Nguyn Thanh Sn l Hiu trng, thy L Lc lm Ph Hiu trng. Trong 5 nm, trng S phm min ni o to gn 100 gio vin, trong c nhiu gio vin l ngi dn tc min ni. 2.4. Gio dc Ph Yn giai on 1969 -1975

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a ch Ph Yn, NXB Chnh tr Quc gia, 2003, tr.660.

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Vi chin cng ly lng trong cuc tng tin cng Xun Mu Thn 1968, qun v dn min Nam nh bi Chin tranh cc b ca M min Nam, quc M li thay i chin lc, chin tranh bng Vit Nam ha chin tranh. Ngy 3-2-1969, ti x Sn Long (Sn Ha), tnh t chc i hi thnh lp y ban nhn dn Cch mng (UBNDCM) qun l cc vng gii phng, thc hin cc chnh sch kinh t - x hi ca ng, huy ng nhn ti vt lc phc v khng chin trong tnh hnh mi. ng ch Trn Suyn - B th tnh y c bu lm ch tch. ng ch Cao Xun Thim, B Nam Trung lm Ph ch tch. Cc ng ch L Duy Tng, Nguyn Th im, Nguyn Hoi Nam, Trn nh Qung lm y vin. trin khai Chin lc Vit Nam ha chin tranh qun M ro rit tin hnh k hoch qut v gi. bnh nh nng thn chng tin hnh nhiu kiu Bnh nh c bit, Bnh nh cp tc, y mnh chiu hi, chiu hng chng tung cc lc lng gin ip Thin Nga, Phng Hong vo nh ph hng ng cn b cch mng ca ta, chng n qun bt lnh. Chng ri cht c ha hc tn ph sn xut, hng lm cho sc dn kit qu phi vo cc Khu tr mt, p chin lc ca chng. Nm 1972 qun v dn Ph Yn y mnh 3 cao tro : Cao tro dit v lm tan r qun ngy ; Cao tro tn cng v ni dy lm ch ton b nng thn ; Cao tro u tranh chnh tr thnh th v t nhng thng li to ln. Lc lng v trang loi khi vng chin u 9.312 tn ch, trong c 1.354 tn Nam Triu Tin, 21 c vn M. Min ty ng Xun c gii phng lin hon. Cc x An Lnh, An Xun, An Nghip, An nh, An Ninh (Tuy An) Ha nh, Ha Kin, Ha Quang (Tuy Ha II), Ha Thnh, Ha M, Sn Thnh, Ha Tn, Ha Phong (Tuy Ha I) dn li tr v lng c, phc hi sn xut phc v chin trng , v theo cc lp hc, trng hc cch mng li phc hi. Qun trit tinh thn ch o ca Tiu ban gio dc Min, ca khu V v ca tnh y, Ban gio dc Ph Yn vt ln mi kh khn, hy sinh gian kh, gn cht cc hot ng gio dc vi nhim v chnh tr ca tnh. Phong tro gio dc qua nhiu cam go, th thch vn ng vng trn v tr ca mnh v phc hi ln mnh dn ln theo pht trin ca cch mng Ph Yn. Ngy 19-5-1969, UBNDCM tnh khai ging trng B tc vn ha tnh t ti Cte - khu VII - Gia Lai - vng gip ranh gii Ph Yn. Kha u tin gm
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41 hc vin chia lm 2 lp (lp 2 v 3). Hc vin u l cn b, ng vin. Hiu trng l thy Nguyn Thinh (Bn Xun). T nm 1972, thy Nguyn Chu - y vin Tiu ban gio dc tnh lm Hiu trng. Gio vin tip tc c b sung t min Bc vo chi vin nh Hong B (Bc Giang), Nguyn Thnh (Hi Hng), L Vn Khuyn (Hi Phng), Nguyn Vn Din (Ninh Bnh), Trn Luyn (Hng Yn). Nm 1973 trng B tc vn ha di xung vng 1 An Lnh, sau v Bu Bn x Phc Tn cho n ngy gii phng. V i sng vt cht, nh trng sn xut trn 5ha nui gia sc, gia cm thu hoch lng thc, thc phm gp phn to iu kin thun li cho i sng v cng tc. Nh trng cn tham gia tt cc hot ng khng chin, vn chuyn lng thc, v kh ra chin trng. Sau 6 kha tn ti, trng B tc vn ha tnh gp phn o to nng cao trnh vn ha cho hng trm cn b ng vin cc cp chnh quyn ca tnh. Thy gio Nguyn Chu Hiu trng nh trng 4 nm lin c t danh hiu chin s thi ua, c cc cp khen thng. Nm 1970, theo ngh ca Ban gio dc tnh, y ban nhn dn cch mng Ph Yn quyt nh m Trng ph thng ni tr ng ti Phc Tn do thy Vnh Tn lm hiu trng. Trng thu nhn cc em thiu nhi, con em cn b tnh v gia nh c cng vi cch mng vo hc. Trong 2 nm trng phi di chuyn n 5 ln t Bun Ma H, sui R (x Sn Hi) n vng 6 An Xun. Cng thi gian ny, UBND cch mng huyn Tuy An m trng B tc vn ha do thy Bin Ngc Hng lm Hiu trng, sau l c Hong Lan (19711975), gio vin l V Th Kim Sinh, Bin Tro, Trn Vn Qung. Trc yu cu pht trin gio dc, vng gii phng c m rng xung ng bng, thng 6-1971, y ban nhn dn cch mng quyt nh m Trng S phm S cp ng bng41 vi nhim v o to gio vin cp I. Trng lp ti Bun Ma H, x Song H, bn b sng H an (thng ngun sng K L) huyn Sn Ha, thy Nguyn Cch, y vin Tiu ban gio dc lm Hiu trng, thy Trn Khc Luyn lm Hiu ph. i ng gio vin ch yu l min Bc chi vin, c cc thy Dng Ng Cnh, Nguyn Cu nh, Ng Hi Loan, Chu Xun Oanh, L Vn Tun, Nguyn nh Thn. Kha u tin c 24 hc sinh. Mun tn ti v hon thnh
41

a ch Ph Yn, NXB Chnh tr Quc gia, 2003, tr.660. 86

nhim v ca mnh, nh trng phi va l mt n v gio dc va l mt n v sn xut v chin u. Trng c t hu cn, may trang phc cho gio sinh do c V Th Minh Nguyt ph trch. Thng 10 nm 1972, ch cn t 6 tn go v mt kho thc phm lm cho nh trng gp rt nhiu kh khn, thiu thn. Nhng thy v tr Trng S phm vn ng vng. n thng 4-1975 trng S phm S cp ng bng di v th trn Sng Cu (nay l trng THPT Phan nh Phng). Thng 9-1975, c 27 gio sinh kha u tin ca trng tt nghip. H h hi mang ch v nng lc c rn luyn trong chin tranh bc vo cng cuc xy dng qu hng thi ha bnh, a s h tr thnh nhng cn b ct cn ca cc ngnh ca tnh nh42. Trong giai on 1965- 1972, trng trung cp S phm khu V o to 23 gio vin cp 2 cho tnh43. Trong chin dch Ma xun 1975, nh trng, thy gio, hc sinh dc ton lc phc v chin trng, tham gia vo cc on cng tc cu cha thng bnh binh, tip t hu cn cho on qun ch lc ang thn tc tin vo Nam, tham gia cc on cng tc tip qun cc cng s, chnh quyn ngy, t chc trt t an ninh, t chc gip a ng bo v qu c lm n v nht l lm ch lc qun trong vic tip qun v t chc li nh trng, bt u xy dng li nn gio dc cch mng m t lu h mong c. III. GIO DC PH YN TRONG VNG CHNH QUYN SI GN TM THI KIM SOT 3.1. H thng gio dc Ph Yn trong vng ch tm chim tnh l, qun l, th trn v cc x ng bng ng dn c ca tnh Ph Yn m chnh quyn M tm thi kim sot, nhng ni M ngy lp c chnh quyn u c m trng tiu hc. cc x khc c trng s cp, hng trng. Tt c cc loi trng u hot ng theo chng trnh gio dc cng ng. Chuyn a s cc trng Trung hc thnh trng Trung hc tng hp. Mt s gio vin cng ng c o to theo tinh thn bi phong, thc, dit cng tr thnh va l ng thy trn lp hc, va l cn b ngoi thn x chng minh v xng ng vi vai tr quan trng ca n trong cng cuc ci tin nng thn, bng nhng hot ng x hi, bng phng php gio dc bt ngun t a phng nh hng li a phng; Bng ch trng, va gio dc con em,
42
43

Mt thi nh Hi k lch s Th vin Ph Yn 2001 trang 354 355.

Xem phn ph lc.

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va ci to hon cnh, bng ngh thut mm do, linh ng cho st vi thc trng a phng v tm l, nguyn vng v kh nng dn chng, dn t m mm cho nhng th h thanh nin tin b s dc lng xy dng qu hng x s !44 Thc cht ca ng li gio dc cng ng l phc v cho mc ch chnh tr, cho cc chin lc qun s chin tranh c bit, chin tranh cc b, Vit Nam ha chin tranh ca M. nng thn i i vi chnh sch bnh nh, dn dn, lp p chin lc, p tn sinh l trng Tiu hc cng ng c mc ln. Gn lin vi cc hot ng trong nh trng v ngoi x hi ca gio vin v cc ch im nghin cu a phng (v v tr a d, dn s, kinh t, y t, gio dc...) l mt i cng tc bnh nh nng thn ca M ngu. Nhng kt qu ca nhng bi tp ca hc sinh v iu tra, ghi chp, v bn a l, a hnh, a mo, v phn loi cc thnh phn dn c, v tnh trng i sng tm l ca dn chng qu l nhng ti liu c ngha v qun s, gin ip. thc hin chin lc Vit Nam ha chin tranh ca M, Nguyn Vn Thiu ra lnh ng vin nam gii t 17-45 tui k c sinh vin, hc sinh, gio chc phi ra lnh. Chng lp 18 lin on sinh vin, 63 lin on hc sinh, ra lut qun s ha gio chc. Gio chc phi i th hun qun s 9 tun. Gio chc mn lnh khng c xut ng m chuyn sang ch gi l bit phi, tr v ngnh gio dc nhng vn trong bin ch ngy qun, nhn nhim v theo qun lnh. Ph Th tng lim tng trng gio dc Si Gn Ng Khc Tnh c din vn trong dp ch ta l b ging kha hun luyn qun s cao cp hc ng ti Trung tm hun luyn Quang Trung ngy 4-10-1969 vi nhng li l ngt ngo, la bp lt trn bn cht phn ng ca nn gio dc chnh quyn Si Gn: Ti cm ng v thc trch nhim ca anh em sinh vin, hc sinh trc tnh hnh nghim trng ca t nc, tm thi ri b np sng quen thuc ni hc ng dng thn trn hnh trnh mi gp phn vo n lc chung ca ton qun, ton dn trong cuc chin u chng xm lng cng sn... Cc em s lnh nhim ch huy trong i gia nh qun lc gp sc cng cuc chin u chung, cng cuc bo v quc gia, phc v dn tc Ti cu mong cc em lun gi gn nim tin v ch st !.
Ban gio dc cng ng. Nha Tiu hc v gio dc cng ng. B gio dc xut bn. In ln th ba. 1971, tr. 46-47
44

88

T nm 1955 n nm 1970, b my lnh o Gio dc Ph Yn trong vng ch kim sot ch c 1 Trng ty v 1 Thanh Tra. i vi cp tiu hc, t nm 1960, hc sinh c cp chng ch thay cho thi cui cp. T nm hc 1973-1974 b thi t ti phn 1, ch thi ly 1 vn bng T ti ph thng. T nm 1972 ngnh Trung hc v Tiu hc hp nht thnh S hc chnh t di quyn ca Chnh s v v 2 ph t (1 ph t hnh chnh, 1 ph t chuyn mn). Sau mt thi gian S hc chnh i thnh Ty gio dc do B gio dc Si Gn b dng. Ty tiu hc qun l h thng cc trng Tiu hc (k c trng cng, trng t, hng trng v cc loi hnh gio dc trng nin). Cc trng Trung hc cng lp do Nha trung hc qun l. Cc trng Trung hc t thc do Nha t thc qun l. V gio vin, tham gia ging dy bc s hc ti thiu gio vin phi c bng Tiu hc. Dy bc tiu hc ti thiu phi c bng Trung hc, dy Trung hc nht cp ti thiu phi c bng T ti II, dy Trung hc nh cp ti thiu phi c bng c nhn. Nhng ngi c bng Kh nng s phm Tiu hc, trung hc hay tt nghip HSP mi c cng nhn l gio vin, gio s chnh ngch (di chnh quyn Si Gn thy gio Trung hc c gi l gio s). Nu ai khng c bng s phm th ch l gio vin ph khuyt, cng nht hay kh c, lng thp hn chnh ngch hoc tng ng nhng khng c lng hu. V lp Bnh dn gio dc (Gio dc trng nin), thc hin c 4 lp cc ni nh: Bnh Li: 69 hc sinh, Bnh Ha: 41 hc sinh, Bnh An: 41 hc sinh, Bnh Nhn: 40 hc sinh. V bc Trung hc, t nm hc 1954-1955, trng Trung hc nht cp Nguyn Hu c lp ti Ph Th x Ha Bnh do ng Trn Vn K lm Hiu trng vi 2 lp ( 1 lp tht, 1 lp lc). Ngy 26 - 6 - 1956, theo Ngh nh s 463/GD-N ca b Quc gia Gio dc chnh thc t tn trng Nguyn Hu, sau trng di v a im trng Hng Vng hin nay. Trng Nguyn Hu pht trin thnh trng Trung hc nh cp theo h Trung hc Tng hp (c hc ngh n cng gia chnh, dy may, nh my ch) cc ng inh Thnh Bi, V Tr Ph, Nguyn ng Ngc, Nguyn c Giang, L Ngc Ging, Tn Tht Qu ln lt lm Hiu trng nh trng.
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Sau trng Nguyn Hu, thng 4-1959 trng Trung hc Sng Cu thnh lp. Thng 12-1968, trng Trung hc Hiu Xng thnh lp. V gio dc ngh nghip c trng Trung hc Nng-Lm-Sc ti x Ha An, Th x Tuy Ha. Theo thng k nm 1969, trng Trung hc cng lp c 4 trng vi 1.815 hc sinh v 69 gio s. Trong , trng Trung hc Tng hp Nguyn Hu Tuy Ha c 21 lp nht cp vi 1089 hc sinh, 15 lp trung hc nh cp (5 lp tam, 6 lp nh, 4 lp nht) vi 667 hc sinh. Trng Trung hc Sng Cu: c 8 lp Trung hc nht cp (2 tht, 2 lc, 2 ng, 2 t) v 2 lp trung hc nh cp (1 tam, 1 nh ) vi tng s hc sinh l 433 ngi, 5 gio s. Trng Trung hc ng Xun: c 4 lp (1 tht, 1 lc, 1 ng, 1 t) vi tng s l 175 hc sinh, 2 gio s. Trng Trung hc Hiu Xng: c 2 lp tht, tng s l 118 hc sinh. H trung hc t thc gm c cc trng Trung hc t thc B do ng Hunh T lm Hiu trng. Trng trung hc t thc ng c Tun do ng Nguyn Cp lm Hiu trng. Trng trung hc t thc ng M-Tuy Ha. Trng trung hc t thc Vn Minh do ng Nguyn Hng lp ti Phong Nin, x Ha Thng. Trng trung hc Cn Hc ti Ph Th do ng Ng Cng Phng sng lp, ng Ng Thch ng lm Hiu Trng. Trng Trung hc t thc Tn Dn do ng Nguyn Kim Lng t chc. Trng Trung hc t thc Minh Tn (Hi Khng Hc ch trng). Trng tiu hc t thc Bnh M do ng Trn c Khoa lm Hiu trng (phng 4, th x Tuy Ha). Bn cnh , c trng thuc h t thc chuyn nghip nh trng Thanh H dy nh my ch c 25 hc sinh, trng Ngc Lan dy ct may c 15 hc sinh. S trng, lp, gio vin bc Trung hc cng lp nm hc 1974-1975 (s liu t phng lu tr ca B gio dc nm 1975) nh bng sau: Trng Trung hc nht cp S Lp 6 trng S HS S lp Lp 7 HS Lp 8 Lp HS Lp 9 Lp HS TS Lp HS TS TS

Lp Gio vin

90

3.300 58

2.393 40

1.567 30

1.428 29

8.688 157 65 GV Chnh ngch TS Lp TS Gio vin

Trng trung hc nh cp Lp 10 S trng S HS S lp HS Lp HS Lp 31 GV chnh ngch Lp 11 Lp 12 TS HS

844

17

611

13

476

1931

39

3.2. Phong tro u tranh yu nc ca gio vin, hc sinh Ph Yn trong vng kim sot tm thi ca ch Th x Tuy Ha l trung tm chnh tr, kinh t, vn ha ca tnh, l trung tm u no ca chnh quyn Si Gn tay sai ti Ph Yn, ni tp trung ng cc tng lp tr thc m ch yu l i ng gio chc v hc sinh cc cp. t im cho b mt vn ha gio dc ca chnh quyn tay sai, chng cho m nhiu loa trng hc: trng cng, trng t, trng do cc tn gio; nng cp trng Trung hc Nguyn Hu thnh trng Trung hc tng hp; hon chnh t tht n nh cp. Hc sinh c tnh phn ln hc trng Nguyn Hu. Trng Nguyn Hu tr thnh trung tm nhy cm nht v vn ha, v thi s, chnh tr, khng ch trong gii tr thc tr, sinh vin hc sinh m c trong ng o ph huynh hc sinh v cc tng lp nhn dn Th x. V do cng l trng im tranh th vn ng ca cc lc lng chnh tr. Thnh phn hc sinh y rt a dng. H l con em ca gii cng chc, ca cc tng lp cng thng, t sn, tiu t sn v s ng l con em cc tng lp lao ng thnh th v nng thn. Tuy nhin, t rt sm nm 1958, c mt s hc sinh u tin m i u l Lng Cng Trp ri gh nh trng, b mt thot ly ln chin khu tham gia cch mng. l du hiu ca lng yu nc, thc u tranh gii phng dn tc kch thch tm l cho hnh ng v ngha ln ca tui tr. V tinh thn cch mng n vi hc sinh trng Nguyn Hu, hc sinh Th x Tuy Ha! T u nm 1960,
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Tnh y c ng ch Lng Cng B (Bn Th), V ng Thu (Mi L) v Bi Tn (By Tnh) tnh y vin v trc tip lin lc, xy dng c s b mt bi dng t tng v phng php hot ng cch mng cho hc sinh, thanh nin tr thc Th x Tuy Ha. Nhng hc sinh u tin trng Nguyn Hu c tip xuc vi cch mng, trung hc Nh cp nh Nguyn Trng Hun (Ly Sn), Nguyn Thc Khang (Bng Sn), Hunh L (L Sinh), Nguyn Th Kim Thoa (Phng Lan)do Trn Vn Lc (Ng Giang) ph trch. cp trung hc Nht cp c cc hc sinh Hunh Ngc Sn, Nguyn Th Kim Chi (Phng Loan) do Trn Vn Tin (T Minh) ph trch. Cc hot ng ca nhm hc sinh nng ct ny a hot ng yu nc ca hc sinh Nguyn Hu ni ring v thanh nin hc sinh th x ni chung dn dn i vo qu o chung di s lnh o ca ng. Ti ngy 10-8-1964, ti Lm thn Quan Quang x Ha Kin, i cng tc c bit (B danh l C6) do ng ch By Tnh lm B th t chc kt np 3 ng ch vo on thanh nin, c Trn Vn Lc (Ng Giang) lm b th chi on. Chi on thanh nin cch mng u tin ca trng Nguyn Hu c thnh lp. Qua nhng th thch ca hot ng cch mng, ngy 5-4-1965, ng ch Trn Vn Tin (T Minh) c kt np vo ng nhn dn cch mng Vit Nam45. Cc hot ng ca Chi on l va phc v cho s lnh o ca Th y, va tuyn truyn pht trin trong lc lng nng ct trong hc sinh cc trng th x v cc huyn. T nm 1963, ch c ti gia nh tr Dim-Nhu sp m ra thi k u tranh cng khai hp php trong sinh vin hc sinh. Phong tro sinh vin, hc sinh Ph Yn c ni lin lc vi phong tro u tranh c nc nh Hu, Si Gn. Thy Nguyn Hu Ng c tng Hi sinh vin Hu c v gip phong tro hc sinh Ph Yn. Hc sinh Nguyn Hu cng vi hc sinh cc trng B , ng c Tun, Thnh Giu-s xung ng vi nhng cu khu hiu: o ch c ti gia nh tr Dim-Nhu, o tay sai Nguyn ng Ngc - v c thi khinh mit, h khc, o p hc sinh.
Trn T Minh. Trng THPT Nguyn Hu- Nhng nm thng ng nh. S Vn ha Ph Yn XB, nm 2001, tr.41.
45

92

Phong tro u tranh mnh m ca hc sinh, sinh vin Si Gn c nh hng tch cc n phong tro Ph Yn. Nhng bi ht Dy m i, Ht cho ng bo ti nghe, T nguyn, Ngi m bn c vang ln thc gic trong cc bui sinh hot hc ng. Phong tro V ngun, L gi t Hung Vng, Nhng cuc cm tri c t chc thu ht hng trm hc sinh cc trng k c ph huynh hc sinh cng tham gia, c tc dng gio dc thc bo v gi tr lch s dn tc, chng li sng lai cn, mt gc. Cc hi on hc sinh nh: Hi Hng o, gia nh Pht T, Thanh-Sinh-Cng, Nhn-Tr-Dng c thnh lp, thu ht nhiu hc sinh tham gia. Mi Hi on c tn ch ring, song ci chung nht l xy dng c np sng lnh mnh, trnh xa cuc sng sa a, nghin ngp, ty chay s hin din ca qun i nc ngoi, V gio chc, phong tro hot ng c c im khc hn sinh vin, hc sinh. C mt s gio vin tr nh Nguyn Thc Ng, Phan Long Cn trng thnh t phong tro sinh vin, hc sinh Hu, Si Gn mnh dn hng hi tham gia hng dn nhng cuc u tranh cng khai hp php ca hc sinh. T nm 1966, nhiu hc sinh tham gia chin u tip lng, ti n. Hc sinh Th x thot ly ln chin khu nh Lng Cng oan, Lng Cng Hng cng thi thc hnh ng cho cc lp hc sinh khc tip bc. Trong nhng nm 1971-1972, hc sinh phi hp vi cng nhn lao ng, thng binh lm 3 cuc ni dy nh: v u tranh i chnh quyn Si Gn phi chu trch nhim v ci cht ca hc sinh Nguyn Thnh Long ko di 31 ngy m; V cnh st bn cht H Trp- hc sinh Nguyn Hu, sau s kin ny hc sinh trng tin hnh mt bo ng d di, p ph, t chy chi cc cnh st qun, tiu hy nhiu tn sng n, xng du, ti liu mt v ph nh giam th t nhn do chng giam gi. Phong tro u tranh ca hc sinh Tuy Ha dn dn c s kt hp gia s lnh o ca ng qua hot ng b mt chi on TNNDCM vi phong tro cng khai, hp php trong nh trng ri lan ta ha nhp vi phong tro u tranh i dn sinh, dn ch, ha bnh ca cc tng lp nhn dn lao ng thnh mt ln sng cch mng qun chng rng ln. T phong tro hot ng x hi, cch mng ca sinh vin, hc sinh t trong trng m chnh quyn Si Gn kim sot rn luyn o to nhiu chin s cch mng chun b cho cuc u
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tranh gii phng qu hng nm 1975, to ra mt i ng cn b tham gia qun l chnh quyn cch mng nhn dn, xy dng qu hng, t nc sau ngy t nc thng nht (4-1975). IV. CHI VIN CA HU PHNG LN XHCN MIN BC CHO GIO DC PH YN Mi mt chin cng ca qun v dn Min Nam ni chung v Ph Yn ni ring u gn lin vi s chi vin ln lao ca min Bc x hi ch ngha. Anh b i c H trong on qun Nam tin thi chng Php trc y tr v vi nhng ngi cha, ngi m Ph Yn thi chng M. Ngi trung on trng, lin trung on 83 84 nm xa, Tng L Giang nay c mt trong trung on Trn Hng o, st cnh cng vi cc ng ch Trn Suyn, Lng Cng Hu, Nguyn Duy Lun, trong B ch huy tin phng A4 ch huy cuc chin u tiu dit qun M trn a o g Th Thng lch s, trong chin thng ng 5 ly lng qut sch qun th gii phng Ph Yn. Nhiu thy c gio, hc sinh l nhng ngi con Ph Yn tp kt ra Bc c o to chuyn mn, nghip v gio dc nay c ln lt tr v phc v qu hng. Thy Nguyn Chu v nm 1959, thy Cao Vn Hoch v nm 1962. Nm 1965 thy o Th L Hiu trng trng hc sinh min Nam, thy Nguyn Cch, nguyn Hiu trng trng Lng Vn Chnh nm xa nay li tr v xy dng tiu Ban gio dc Ph Yn Nm 1973, thy Nguyn Ti Sum, thy Phm Hu Sen v tiu Ban gio dc khu V. Cc chin s gii phng qun nguyn l thy gio min Bc do nhu cu cng tc c tr li vi ngnh, nh thy Trn Khc Luyn, thy Nguyn nh Mo, thy Nguyn nh Thn, Vn Nhung. Nht l sau hip nh Pari 1973, chun b cho tnh hnh mi, hng lot cn b gio dc min Bc phn ng l qu hng kt ngha Hi Dng i B chi vin cho gio dc Ph Yn. Nhn dn Ph Yn lun bit n, tng nh s hy sinh cao c ca cc thy gio: Hong Lut (Nam nh), Cao Thnh (Qung Ngi), Phm Vn M (Thi Bnh) hy sinh v s nghip gio dc Ph Yn. V lnh vc o to cn b, t u nhng ngy tp kt nm 1954, trong s lng cn b t i c i tp kt, tnh ta cng c nhiu hc sinh cp III c i

94

ra Bc o to. Sau ny h u trng thnh l nhng cn b khoa hc k thut cao cp ca Nh nc46. Hng trm con em Ph Yn c gi ra min Bc nui dng, hc tp mt cch chu o cc trng hc sinh min Nam: Chng M, H ng, Hi Phng, ng Triu, trng b tc vn ha cho thng bnh binh T H, Nhiu hc sinh c gi i hc Lin X, cc nc X hi Ch ngha anh em khc. H c o to nghip v chuyn mn nhiu ngnh ngh tr thnh lp cn b ct cn cc cp ca tnh. Ch 3 thng sau ngy gii phng, Ph Yn nhn c mn qu v cng qu gi ca ng b v nhn dn Hi Dng l mt th vin hon chnh gm 1 vn cun sch, 4 gi sch, 1 t mc lc v 6 cn b vo hng dn nghip v th vin Th vin mang tn Hi Ph ang c tip tc xy dng v b sung ngy cng khang trang hin i gp phn vo pht trin vn ha gio dc Ph Yn. Th vin Hi Ph mi l biu tng ca mi tnh kt ngha keo sn ca Ph Yn - Hi Dng trong nhng ngy thng chng M, cu nc. Ngy 15 thng 4 nm 1972, B trng B gio dc v Thanh nin ca Chnh ph Cch mng lm thi cng ha min Nam Vit Nam Nguyn Vn Kit gi th cho B trnng B gio dc nc Vit Nam Dn Ch Cng Ha Nguyn Vn Huyn ni ln lng bit n su sc ca nhn dn min Nam, ca Ngnh gio dc min Nam i vi nhn dn min Bc, ngnh gio dc min Bc v s chi vin v cng to ln, y tnh ngha rut tht ca hu phng ln i vi tin tuyn. Bc th cng ni ln lng tin tng tuyt i vo ngy chin thng cui cng ca cng cuc khng chin chng M cu nc, gii phng min Nam thng nht T quc ca nhn dn ta, tin tng mt ngy mai xy dng trn t nc ta mt nn gio dc thng nht, vn minh, hin i, snh vai cng vi cc cng quc nm chu. * * * * Gio dc Ph Yn trong thi k 1954 - 1975 gn cht vi cc giai on pht trin ca cuc khng chin chng M cu nc v cng oanh lit v y hy sinh gian kh ca qun v dn tnh nh.

46

Xem ph lc

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Trn thc t trong giai on ny Min Nam tn ti 2 nn gio dc hon ton i lp nhau, u tranh ln nhau v mt chnh tr quan im, ni dung v phng php trong nhng iu kin chin tranh c lit. Di s lnh o ca ng, gio dc cch mng thc s l mt mt trn. Thy gio, hc sinh l nhng chin s kin cng. H vt ln mi hy sinh, gian kh trong ma bom, bo n, trong i cm lt mui lm trn nhim v xa nn m ch cho con em cc dn tc vng cn c, b tc vn ha cho cn b, b i lm tt hn cng tc, chin u trn chin trng. quc M v b l tay sai dng bao nhiu th on tn bo hng tiu dit lc lng cch mng ca ta, k c vic th bom trit h trng hc, bn git thy gio hc sinh, xa b nn gio dc cch mng, gom dn lp p chin lc v.v nhng thy tr kin quyt thc hin khu hiu Dn bm t, gio dc bm dn, gio vin bm lp, mt tc khng i, mt li khng ri bm ly vng gii phng, bo v cch mng, bo v cn b, m rng vng t do, tng thm trng lp. Ngay trong chin tranh c lit, ng sng sut ngh n vic m trng lp s phm o to thy gio, gi con em ra Bc o to cn b cho tng lai. Nn gio dc Cch mng tng bc pht trin theo chin thng ca cuc khng chin cng vi chi vin mnh m ca Min Bc x hi Ch ngha Tuy c nui dng ca c b my chin tranh ca quc M, nn gio dc trong vng kim sot ca chnh quyn Si Gn c tng v s lng trng lp, phng tin dy hc, nhng c bn v m mu chnh tr ca chng b ph sn theo tht bi ca cuc chin tranh. Cng vi s nh hng tc ng tch cc mnh m ca cuc khng chin chng ngoi xm, ca nh trng cch mng vng gii phng, tinh thn yu nc, lng cm ght ngoi bang, thc c lp dn tc c khch l, a s thy gio, hc sinh vng ngy quyn kim sot hng v cch mng, v vng gii phng, nhiu ngi thot ly i theo khng chin, phong tro sinh vin hc sinh bng cc hot ng x hi kt hp vi phong tro u tranh ca cc gii thnh th lm cho chnh quyn ngy lung lay ru r. Bng sc mnh tng hp, qun dn ca tnh nh a cuc khng chin nh thnh cng rc r m ra mt chng mi cho lch s dn tc, cho s pht trin

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tt p ca nn gio dc cch mng trong mt nc Vit Nam thng nht X hi ch ngha.

PHN TH BA

GIO DC PH YN T NM 1975 N NM 2005

CHNG V GIO DC PH YN NHNG NGY U GII PHNG V TRONG THI K HP NHT PH YN- KHNH HA (1975 - 1989) I. GIO DC PH YN TRONG NHNG NGY U GII PHNG (4 - 11/ 1975) 1.1. Ch trng ca ng v gio dc Ngay t nhng ngy u tin cuc hi sinh v i ca t nc, vi bao cng vic bn b, ng Lao ng Vit Nam (nay l ng Cng sn Vit Nam) ngy 17/6/1975 ra Ch th s 21/CT-TW v cng tc gio dc min Nam sau ngy gii phng. Ch th nu: Trong tnh hnh v nhim v mi ca cch mng min Nam hin nay, cng tc gio dc gi mt v tr c bit quan trng i vi vic xy dng v pht trin ch dn tc dn ch nhn dn, hon thnh s nghip cch mng dn tc dn ch min Nam, cng vi min Bc XHCN xy dng mt
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nc Vit Nam ha bnh thng nht, c lp, dn ch v giu mnh. Nn gio dc cch mng ca min Nam phi nhanh chng xa b tnh trng lc hu v phn ng ca nn gio dc thc dn mi ca M Ngy vng mi gii phng, tch cc gp phn xy dng con ngi mi v cuc sng mi, p ng yu cu cp bch v lu di ca cch mng trn cc mt kinh t, vn ha v quc phng. Ch th hng dn cc nhim v c th v vic tch cc xa nn m ch v b tc vn ha, v vic pht trin mnh v u khp cc trng ph thng, xy dng ngnh hc mu gio, v vic xy dng cc trng o to v bi dng gio vin v cn b qun l gio dc Tip thu Ch th ca ng, tnh y Ph Yn c Ngh quyt v gio dc, vi my nhim v chnh : 1- Tp trung duy tr, cng c v nhanh chng pht trin nhng c s gio dc cch mng. 2- Tip qun tt cc c s gio dc ca M ngy. 3- n nh li tnh hnh nh trng, kt thc nm hc 1974 -1975 v chun b tht tt cho nm hc mi, nm hc u tin sau ngy gii phng 1975 1976. Trong nim vui gii phng qu hng, cc chin s gio dc li bc vo mt cuc chin u mi - cng cuc ci to nn gio dc c v xy dng nn gio dc x hi ch ngha trn qu hng c lp ca mnh. 1.2. T chc b my gio dc Cng vic u tin ca vic xy dng li mt nn gio dc cch mng mi l phi nhanh chng hnh thnh h thng b my gio dc trong ton tnh. cp tnh, Ban lnh o Ty Gio dc Ph Yn lc by gi do thy Nguyn Chu (Nam ) lm Trng ty, thy Nguyn Cch, thy Nguyn Chu lm u vin v mt s cn b c quan Ty. Ph trch gio dc cc huyn Sn Ha (bao gm c Sng Hinh ngy nay) l ng Nguyn Thanh Sn; huyn ng Xun (bao gm c Sng Cu ngy nay) l ng Trn Kim Bi; huyn Tuy An l ng Bin Ngc Hng; Tuy Ha II l ng Nguyn Vn Din; Tuy Ha I l ng Hunh Khanh. Gio dc cc x, phng l do cc y ban nhn dn a phng ph trch. Cng tc qun l, t chc v xy dng li s nghip gio dc mt tnh mi gii phng tht l kh khn, vt v v phc tp. Nhng vi tinh thn ca ngi chin s cch mng, cc Ban lnh o gio dc cc cp tp hp c ng o
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gio vin cng nhanh chng n nh tnh hnh, khi phc v pht trin ngnh gio dc ca tnh. Trn c s nhng lp hc duy tr c cc vng cn c, Tiu ban gio dc tnh c cn b v cng c li, m thm trng lp n con em ng bo t lu phi b tp trung cc p chin lc ca ch, hay tn c nay tr v lng c lm n, hc tp. Cc trng tp trung ca tnh chin khu c di v ng bng. Trng S phm ng bng di v Sng Cu ri vo Tuy Ha. Trng S phm s cp ng bng chuyn dn ln thnh Trng S phm trung cp Ph Yn. Trng S phm min ni Ph Yn chuyn thnh trng Thanh nin dn tc ni tr Tn Lng (Sn Ha), lc ny gi l trng 3 chc nng (sn xut, hc tp, sn sng chin u), dy hc sinh cc dn tc min ni Sng Hinh, Sn Ha c trnh cp 2 vi s lng gn 120 em. Bn cnh h thng trng vng cn c v vng gii phng, ngnh gio dc tip nhn v cng c li mt s trng tiu hc th x Tuy Ho, th trn Ph Lm, cc huyn Sng Cu, Tuy An, Cng Sn. v cc trng trung hc tng hp Nguyn Hu Tuy Ha, trng Trung hc tnh ht Hiu Xng, Trng Trung hc Sng Cu. Tt c vi s lng vi nghn hc sinh v hn mt trm gio vin. Thc hin ch th 21 ca Trung ng, y ban nhn dn cch mng min Nam Trung B ra ch th s 5 v vic quc hu ha cc trng t thc, y ban qun qun Ph Yn cng Ban gio dc tnh t chc hi ngh cc ch trng ph bin ch th s 5 ca UBND CM Min Trung v tin hnh cc th tc quc hu ha cc trng t thc. Trong kh th chin thng ca cch mng, a s cc ch trng u hoan nghnh v t nguyn chuyn giao nh trng t c s vt cht n gio vin, hc sinh cho Ban gio dc tnh qun l. Sau mt thi gian ngn lm cng vic tip qun v n nh tnh hnh, ngy 11 thng 4 nm 1975, trng cp 3 Nguyn Hu (trng trung hc tng hp ln nht Ph Yn lc ny) gp thm hc sinh nh cp (lp 1012) ca cc trng t thc trn a bn th x Tuy Ha v trng Nng-Lm-Sc, do thy Phm Hu Sen lm Hiu trng, n nh v bt u i vo dy hc. Hc sinh cp tiu hc v hc sinh trung hc nht cp (lp 69) a v hc ti cc trng thuc phng theo hnh thc lin c, lin a. nng thn, mt s ni c iu kin cng sa cha li
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trng c, hoc xy dng trng tm cho con em mi v qu hc tp. Tt c cc trng hc c m ca tr li vi yu cu hon thnh nt chng trnh nm hc 1974 1975. Ma h nm 1974-1975, tt c hc sinh cp II, cp III u ln ng tham gia khai hoang, v ha phc v sn xut theo ch trng ca ng v Nh nc trong vic thc hin nguyn l gio dc mi Hc i i vi hnh, gio dc kt hp vi lao ng sn xut, nh trng gn lin vi x hi. K thi tt nghip PTTH u tin ca nn gio dc cch mng, sau gii phng c t chc khp 9 tnh min Trung vo ngy 10 v 11 thng 9 nm 1975, 500 hc sinh lp 12 ca Ph Yn tham gia d thi ti Hi ng thi Nguyn Hu. Cng tc chm thi c t chc chung ti Nng. Hc sinh Ph Yn c 425 em, t 85%. Cc lp trung hc, tiu hc cng ln lt hon thnh chng trnh nm hc. Thng 9/1975, trng Nguyn Hu c UBHC Khu trung Trung b tng thng Hun chng Khng chin hng 3 do thy v tr Trng trung hc tng hp Nguyn Hu c cng trong khng chin chng M, vi chin cng xut sc trong vic biu tnh, nh chim v t chy chi khu cnh st Tuy Ha nm 1972. Xy dng li trng lp B chin tranh tn ph, trng lp vng cn c v gii phng c b t ph x xc, tiu iu, trng lp vng mi gii phng th cng c k, c s vt cht ngho nn, thiu thn nghim trng, Ban gio dc cc cp cng vi chnh quyn c s l U ban cch mng x phng huy ng b con ng bo cng vi vic va sa cha dng nh ca ca mnh, va gp cng sc tranh tre xy ct cc lp hc mi kp thi n hc sinh cc cp vo hc. Hc phm, hc liu cng thiu thn, thiu thn hn c l sch gio khoa. Sch gio khoa mi c min Bc XHCN vin tr. Tnh phi v Khu gio dc Nng tip nhn. Song s liu sch khng p ng nhu cu hc tp ca ng o con em ang h hi ko nhau n trng cch mng. Bc u xy dng, o to bi dng i ng gio vin Mt vn c tnh cht quan trng c bit l o to v bi dng i ng gio vin xy dng nh trng mi. S gio vin trong vng cch mng c rn luyn trong khng chin qu t, phn nhiu tr thnh cn b cc cp chnh quyn ban ngnh t x, huyn, tnh, mt s tip tc cng tc qun l gio dc cc a phng.
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Trng s phm Ph Yn sau 4 thng n lc t thng 8 n thng 12/1975, o to cp tc c 350 c gio mu gio, 401 gio vin tiu hc, 58 gio vin cp 2. UBNDCM tnh ch trng xem xt v tuyn gio vin vng mi gii phng ging dy di ch c tip tc ng lp, gp phn n nh tnh hnh nh trng, chun b vo nm hc mi. Ngy 19 thng 10 nm 1975, cng vi 4 triu hc sinh v gn mi vn gio vin cc cp khp cc tnh min Nam, Ph Yn t c cc trng t mu gio n tiu hc, trung hc vi hng vn hc sinh v hng ngn gio vin trong c tnh tng bng khai ging nm hc mi, nm hc u tin sau ngy gii phng. II. GIO DC PH YN TRONG THI K HP NHT TNH PH YN V TNH KHNH HA (T 11-1975 n 7-1989) 2.1. Tnh hnh chung Sau ngy thng nht t nc, ng v Nh nc quyt nh hp nht mt s tnh p ng yu cu xy dng kinh t x hi v bo v T quc thi k mi. T ngy 3 thng 11 nm 1975 hai tnh Ph Yn v Khnh Ha hp nht thnh tnh Ph Khnh. Tnh Ph Khnh ko di t o C Mng n Vnh Cam Ranh. Tnh l ng Nha Trang. Thng 12 nm 1976, i hi ng ln th IV vch ra con ng cho c nc tin ln Ch ngha x hi. V vn gio dc, Ngh quyt i hi ch r nhim v ca gio dc trong giai on cch mng mi l phi o to c cht lng tt nhng ngi lao ng mi v thc hin tt nguyn l, phng chm gio dc ca ng. i hi IV quyt nh tin hnh ci cch gio dc trong c nc, lm cho h thng gio dc quc dn gn cht hn na vi s nghip cch mng XHCN. Thng 4 nm 1977, Ngnh gio dc m Hi ngh Tng kt 5 nm thi ua Hai tt theo gng cc in hnh tin tin. Ngy 21 thng 3 nm 1978, Quyt nh s 63/CP ca Hi ng Chnh ph th ch ha loi trng ph thng va hc va lm, quy nh mt s bin php m bo cho loi trng ny c iu kin pht trin. Ngy 16 thng 6 nm 1978, Ban chp hnh Trung ng ng ra Ch th s 47-CT/TW hng dn cng tc gio dc min Nam trong 3 nm (1978 - 1980) ra k hoch pht trin tch cc v vng chc v b tc vn ha, mm non v ph thng. Hi ngh ln th 6 Ban chp hnh TW ng (29-3-1989) ra Ngh quyt v cng tc gio dc. Ngh quyt nu r:Cng tc gio dc phi hng trng tm vo
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vic tng bc n nh tnh hnh gio dc, nng cao cht lng v hiu qu o to..... Hon thnh tng kt vic thc hin ci cch gio dc tip tc iu chnh nhm mc tiu o to thanh thiu nin thnh con ngi mi XHCN theo hng hnh thnh nhn cch ngi lao ng Vit Nam c bn sc vn ha dn tc, nng ng sng to, ch a t nc i ln, c phm cht o c v nng lc ngh nghip cn thit p ng nhng yu cu mi ca nn kinh t hng ha XHCN nhiu thnh phn . Trong 15 nm hp nht t nm 1975 n thng 7 nm 1989, ngnh gio dc Ph Khnh lun theo st, thc hin tch cc ch trng ng li v gio dc ca ng, Nh nc v B gio dc cng nh cc cp ng v chnh quyn a phng, n lc xy dng v pht trin gio dc ngy cng pht trin, c mt v tr xng ng trong i hnh gio dc c nc. 2.2. Cc hot ng gio dc 2.2.1. V t chc b my Ty gio dc Ph Khnh l c quan chuyn mn ca UBND tnh Ph Khnh. T chc b my gm cn b gio dc ti ch ca 2 tnh, mt s cn b min Bc chi vin v mt s cn b c Ban gio dc khu Trung Trung b hoc B gio dc c n. T nm 1976, Gim c S gio dc l ng inh Ha Khnh, cc ph Gim c l ng Cao Vn Hoch, Nguyn Cch, Nguyn Sng, ng Thanh Phng. Nm 1985 b sung cc ng Trn Nguyn Cung, ng Cao, Nguyn Xun m. ng Nguyn Xun m ph Gim c S kim Hiu trng trng Cao ng s phm Nha Trang. Trc khi sp nhp, Ph Yn c mt nn gio dc kh mnh, hon chnh. Nm hc 1975 1976 v ngnh hc mu gio c 160 lp, vi 5760 em, 246 gio vin; v cp 1 c 20 trng vi 1233 lp vi 56.326 hc sinh v 846 gio vin; v cp 2 c 10 trng, 183 lp 10.744 hc sinh v 221 gio vin; v cp 3 c 3 trng 56 lp, vi 2766 hc sinh v 77 gio vin. Theo bo co thng k ca B Gio dc v thc hin quyt nh 87/TTg (nm 1976), tng s gio vin vng mi gii phng ca Ph Khnh c tuyn dng li v c b tr cng tc chnh thc l 2.309 ngi t t l 64,2%, tm tuyn l 1.069 t l l 29,6%, thi vic l 219 t l l 6%. Trong lc tng s gio vin c ca c 21 tnh min Nam l 81.076 ngi, c tuyn dng li l 67.020 t l 62,7%,
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tm tuyn 10.585 t l 13%, thi vic l 3.465 t l 24,3%. Nh vy l vic tuyn dng li gio vin Ph Khnh so vi cc tnh min Nam l tt, t t l cao. Ban lnh o Ty Gio dc Ph Khnh nghim tc chp hnh chnh sch ca TW, ch o cht ch, c th, bit coi trng cng tc t tng chnh tr cho nn mc d trong hon cnh rt kh khn, phc tp ch trong thi gian ngn hon thnh khi lng cng vic rt ln, phc tp trong vic tuyn dng li i ng gio vin vng mi gii phng gp phn lm cho s nghip gio dc c n nh, c chuyn bin mnh m theo ng li cch mng. Nhn chung, tuyt i a s gio vin tip th tt ng li chnh sch gio dc, tip ni c truyn thng cch ca qu hng, em ht nhit tnh xy dng gio dc. Tuy nhin, bn cnh vn cn c k gi danh nh gio, tip tay cho ch, phn bi qu hng b nhn dn ln n kch lit nh m Thi S, Nguyn Cng Hoan. n ngy 01/01/1977, ngnh xp lng chnh thc cho gio vin c c tuyn dng li v gio vin tuyn dng mi, theo nguyn tc phn phi theo lao ng, thc hin mt bc thng nht ch lng trong c nc, xa b s khc bit trc y. ng thi c gng thc hin ngay mt s chnh sch khc, to iu kin n nh i sng, khuyn khch anh ch em hng hi cng tc, ging dy theo ng li gio dc cch mng. Kt qu cng tc s dng li i ng gio vin c gp phn quan trng vo vic cng c v m rng i ng gio vin, n nh c quan trng hc, tnh hnh an ninh chnh tr, trt t an ninh trong ngnh. Nh trng v c bn gi vng v gp phn n nh tnh hnh chnh tr v an ninh chung vng mi gii phng v ton x hi. Vic thc hin chnh sch i vi gio vin vng mi gii phng gip cho cc ngnh, cc cp v nhn dn thy r vai tr v tr ca ngnh gio dc, ca ngi thy gio, nh gi ng n hn i ng gio vin vng mi gii phng, c c s b tr s dng hp l, pht huy c mt tch cc ca h, pht trin c on th, xy dng cn b ct cn, tn nhim ca gio vin c nng cao trong hc sinh, cha m hc sinh v nhn dn, lm ng lc tinh thn cho h phn u. Nn gio dc M - Ngy v hu qu ca nn gio dc thc dn c v c hu qu ca nhng nm di chin tranh nh bo co chnh tr i hi ng ln th IV nu r: min Nam ch ngha thc dn c v mi cng vi 30 nm chin tranh li nhng hu qu nng n trn lnh vc
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vn ha v t tng. Bng nhiu th on thm c, bn M ngy c to ra mt th vn ha n dch, i try lai cn, cc k phn ng, x y mt s thanh nin trong cc thnh th chy theo li sng gp, v k, sa a, n bm, hng hy hoi nhng gi tr ca vn ha dn tc v np sng lnh mnh ca nhn dn ta Cng cuc xy dng nn gio dc cch mng thng nht trong c nc cng vn l mt cng cuc u tranh lu di gian kh, va xy dng va pht trin mt cch su rng, ton din trong qu trnh hot ng ca ngnh gio dc. 2.2.2. Xy dng h thng trng s phm Vic xy dng h thng trng s phm cc cp o to bi dng i ng gio vin v cn b qun l gio dc mi lm nng ct cho cng vic xy dng nn gio dc cch mng l ht sc quan trng v cp bch. - Trng S cp nghip v nui dy tr th x Tuy Ha. Trng thnh lp nm 1977, do thy Nguyn Mo lm Hiu trng. Trng o to hng trm c nui dy tr cho ton tnh Ph Khnh. - Trng S cp S phm mu gio thnh lp ti Nha Trang do thy Nguyn Thanh H (tc Nguyn o) lm hiu trng. Trng o to c hng trm gio vin mu gio, n nm 1985 trng chuyn ra th x Tuy Ha v hp nht vi trng Trung hc s phm Ph Khnh. - Trng Trung hc s phm Ph Khnh thnh lp trn c s trng Trung cp S phm Ph Yn t ti Th x Tuy Ha nm 1976. Cc thy Nguyn Cch, o Th L, Hunh Quang Vn, Nguyn Chu, Trn Ngc ln lt lm Hiu trng. Hng nm, trng o to trn 400 gio vin cp 1 song vn khng p ng yu cu pht trin trng lp tiu hc theo nhu cu hc tp ca nhn dn sau ngy gii phng. Trng li phi kim nhim lun nhim v o to gio vin mm non v bi dng nghip v cho gio vin. - Trng Cao ng S Phm Nha Trang , mt trong ba trng CSP ln min Nam c thnh lp sm nht sau ngy gii phng t ngy 1-41976. Hi ng gio vin c iu ng t cc trng i hc S phm, CSP min Bc do thy L Phng lm hiu trng. T nm 1986, thy Nguyn Xun m, Ph Gim c S GD Ph Khnh kim Hiu trng. Hng nm, trng o to t 500 n 600 gio vin cp 2 vi 3 chuyn ngnh khoa hc x hi; khoa hc t nhin v ngoi ng (o to gio vin ting Anh
104

Php). Nm hc 1986- 1987 trng m thm khoa cng tc on i, lin kt vi i hc Hu; i hc ngoi ng, lin kt vi i hc Lt - Trng Bi dng nghip v qun l gio dc tnh do cc thy Hunh Xun Ho, Trn Mnh Qunh, Cao Phi Thng, L Vn Xun ln lt lm hiu trng. Trng m nhiu lp ngn hn, di hn o to v bi dng cn b qun l Phng gio dc, cn b lnh o cc trng cp 1, cp 2. Trng thc s gp phn tch cc trong vic cng c t chc v pht trin phong tro, nng cao cht lng gio dc trong ton tnh. H thng cc trng S phm, trng Qun l gio dc Ph Khnh trong thi gian 15 nm hp nht c cng lao ng gp rt to ln v quan trng trong s nghip o to, bi dng cn b qun l gio dc, gio vin cc cp vi s lng hng vn ngi, lm nng ct trong vic xy dng mt nn gio dc cch mng ngy cng m rng v quy m, nng cao cht lng ton din, snh vai cng cc tnh tin tin trong c nc.

2.2.3. Xa nn m ch v b tc vn ha Ch th s 221/CT-TW ngy 17/6/1975 ca Ban CHTW ng ghi r: Tch cc xa nn m ch v y mnh b tc vn ha, trc mt phi c coi y l mt nhim v cp thit s mt nhm nhanh chng xa b tnh trng lc hu do chnh sch ngu dn v n dch ca ch phn ng M ngy li, nng cao trnh vn ha cho cn b, chin s v nhn dn lao ng, to iu kin cho vic gio dc chnh tr v ph bin khoa hc k thut , y mnh o to cn b trong nhng ngi tri qua chin u, sn xut v cng tc. Tnh n thng 11 nm 1976 Ph Khnh c 70.880 ngi c xa m, mt trong s 7/21 tnh cn bn hon thnh cng tc xa m ch, v c trn 40% s ngi trong din thot nn m ch, hc ln cc lp b tc vn ha. Song song vi y mnh XNMC vng chc ng bng, t h 1976, tnh thnh lp nhiu on cng tc xa m ch gm 170 gio vin v 59 gio sinh s phm ni tip nhau ln cng tc 26 x min ni t 1- 2 thng. Trc khi on xung

105

kch ln ng, Ty Gio dc t chc bi dng chnh tr, nghip v cho on vin chu o v giao qun n tn bun lng. n cui nm 1978, ton tnh c n hng trm lp B tc vn ha cho nhn dn v cn b ct cn thn x, vi 47.000 hc vin b tc vn ha ti chc v 2.500 hc vin b tc vn ha tp trung. Ph Yn, cc huyn Tuy Ha, Th x Tuy Ha, ng Xun, Tuy An c phong tro b tc vn ha si ni v l nhng n v mnh trong ton tnh Ph Khnh. X C Li xa m ch (XMC) c 217 ngi, c 3 trng cp 1 vi 116 hc sinh t lp 1 n lp 3. Thng 8-1978, min ni m c 11 lp B tc vn ha cho dn bun, c 305 hc sinh. c bo co in hnh trong hi ngh SKKN ton tnh ln th nht (04/1979), mt i biu ca on huyn Sn Ho l thy hiu trng Nguyn Xun Phng ni By gi C Li l qu hng th hai ca ti. Chng no tt c b con x C Li t ph cp cp 1 ti mi ngh n vic tr v x da, qu hng Sng Cu ca ti.

TNH HNH XA M CH V B TC VN HA MT S TNH PHA NAM (Tnh n ht qu 2 1977)47 xa S ngi xong nn m ch m ch 185.056 119.043 75.890 70.880 60.661 47.155 49.610 25.017 101.686 22.852 S huyn S x c cng c cng nhn nhn 14/14 260/260 11/11 167/167 7/10 87/139 0/6 36/87 0/10 17/157

TTT

n v Ngha Bnh Ph Khnh Thun Hi c Lc Gia Lai- Kon Tum

T l 95,19 93,39 77,73 50,42 22,47

04 09 15 20 21

Theo bng thng k ca B, tnh n ht qu 2 nm 1977, 9/21 tnh min Nam, trong c tnh Ph Khnh hon thnh cn bn xong xa nn m ch cho nhn dn, ni ln s n lc vt bc ca ngnh gio dc Ph Khnh v c chnh ph tng thng Hun chng lao ng hng Ba.
47

Bo co cu B Gio dc- Vn phng 2, s 753/VP2-B GD.

106

Bn cnh mng li trng ph thng cc cp, h thng trng b tc vn ha cng c thit lp nhm p ng yu cu nng cao trnh cho cn b v thanh nin u t. cp tnh, trng Ph thng lao ng Bc Ph Khnh do thy Nguyn Chu lm Hiu trng, trng c nhim v dy b tc vn ha cho cn b ch cht cc huyn, th (t huyn y vin tr ln). Trng B tc Thanh nin cng nng Nam Ph Khnh (ng - Nha Trang) do thy Nguyn Thanh Lim lm Hiu trng lm nhim v o to trnh cp 3 cho cn b ch cht cc c quan Ban Ngnh cp tnh v thanh nin dn tc trnh cp 2-3. Trng BTVH Thanh nin cng nng Bc Ph Khnh (ng Tc) do thy o Th L lm Hiu trng, cc trng ny lm nhim v o to trnh vn ha cp 2 (sau l cp 3) theo chng trnh b tc cho hng trm cn b v thanh nin u t, nhng ngi tham gia cuc chin tranh gii phng t nc nn cha c iu kin hc tp, nay yu cu cp bch v cn b cho ton h thng chnh tr t ra cho cc trng b tc vn ha nhim v ht sc c bit ny. Phng php ging dy trng b tc ch yu l n, ging, luyn. cc huyn cng thnh lp h thng trng ph thng lao ng huyn, th o to trnh vn ha cp 2 theo chng trnh b tc cho cn b huyn, x v thanh nin cng nng. Thanh nin dn tc hc 2 trng 3 chc nng (Tn Lng, Khnh Vnh) c tip tc a vo hc v ni tr trng BTVH TNCN Nam Ph Khnh. Sau khi ti lp tnh Ph Yn, s hc sinh dn tc qu Ph Yn c a v hc theo cc lp ring ti trng BTVH tnh, cc lp ny l tin thn ca loi hnh trng PTDTNT v sau. Ngoi ra mt s loi hnh bi dng cp tc nh b tc vn ha cp 2 trong 18 tun vi hnh thc dy hc theo chuyn cho cn b x, kt thc c cp bng BTVH cp 2 nhng khng c hc ln cp 3 b tc B tc vn ha cp 2,3 cn l nhim v ca cc trng ph thng cng cp theo phng chm mt hi ng hai nhim v, hnh thc ny t ra linh hot v tn ti trong sut thi gian di. n nay, vic t chc hnh thc hc BTTH ny c chuyn giao cho trung tm GDTX v cc trung tm KTTH-HN cc huyn. Tuy cht lng o to theo chng trnh BTVH cha cao nhng cc trng b tc hon thnh s mnh lch s ca mnh l o to hng ngn cn b kin trung cung cp b my ng, Nh nc v cc on th cc cp. 2.2.4. Thc hin cng cuc ci cch gio dc ln th 3
107

Sau 5 nm gii phng min Nam, thng nht t nc, nm 1980 ngnh gio dc min Nam t c nhng kt qu to ln ha nhp vi nn gio dc XHCN min Bc, tin ti xy dng mt gio dc cch mng thng nht trong c nc. Ngy 11 thng 1 nm 1979, B Chnh tr ban hnh Ngh quyt s 14/NQ TW v ci cch gio dc ln th 3. So vi 2 cuc ci cch gio dc ln trc (ln th nht 1950, ln th hai 1956), cuc ci cch ny c chun b rt cng phu t trc ngy gii phng min Nam, n nay yu cu li cng rng ln v su sc hn nhiu, xy dng mt nn gio dc XHCN thng nht trong c nc, va ci to nn gio dc thc dn kiu mi ca M min Nam va xy dng mt nn gio dc cch mng hin i, tin tin thng nht trong c nc, phc v cho cng cuc xy dng v bo v T quc XHCN. Mc tiu ca cuc ci cch gio dc ln th 3 c t ra nh sau: - Lm tt vic chm sc v gio dc th h tr ngay t bui th u cho n lc trng thnh nhm to ra c s ban u rt quan trng ca con ngi Vit Nam mi, con ngi lm ch tp th v pht trin ton din. - Thc hin ph cp gio dc trong ton dn, to iu kin thun li cho vic tin hnh 3 cuc cch mng v tng cng quc phng bo v T quc. - o to v bi dng vi qui m ngy cng ln i ng lao ng mi c phm cht chnh tr v o c cch mng, c trnh khoa hc, k thut v qun l ph hp vi yu cu phn cng lao ng trong nn sn xut ln XHCN. Sau nhng nm di chin tranh c lit, t nc b chia ct, nay giang sn c quy v mt ni, nhiu kh khn v phc tp th vic xy dng mt nn gio dc cch mng thng nht trong c nc l v cng quan trng v bc bch. M u cho cng cuc ci cch gio dc ln th 3 l tin hnh cuc vn ng tng cng gio dc o c cch mng trong cc trng hc 48. Ni dung gio dc o c cch mng nhm lm cho h t tng chnh tr Mc Lnin, ng li cch mng ca ng thm nhun trong ton b hot ng gio dc ca nh trng mi min Nam. Ton b ni dung chng trnh dy hc chnh tr, o c, gio dc cng dn c hon ton i mi. Gio dc lng yu nc, yu ch ngha x hi, ha hp on kt dn tc, tinh thn trch nhim cng dn. T tng chnh tr, o c cch mng c qun trit trong ni dung chng trnh, trong
48

Quyt nh s 01 ca y ban ci cch gio dc TW.

108

phng php gio dc, kt hp cht ch gia gio dc ni kha v cc hot ng ngoi kha gia nh trng, gia nh v x hi; ly hot ng lao ng : lao ng t phc v xy dng trng lp, lao ng hc tp gn lin vi lao ng sn xut, cng vi cng nng gp phn hn vt thng chin tranh, xy dng i sng mi, va l phng php va l ni dung ci to nh trng c thnh nh trng cch mng. Cuc vn ng gio dc o c cch mng c ton th gio vin, cn b, sinh vin, hc sinh, cha m hc sinh v nhn dn ng tnh, ng h v tch cc tham gia. Cuc vn ng nhanh chng lan ta i su vo ton ngnh v qun chng nhn dn, em li mt kh sc mi, tinh thn mi, sc mnh mi cho nn gio dc cch mng c hnh thnh v pht trin mnh m trn qu hng ang i mi. 2.2.5. Gio dc mm non v ph thng Gio dc mm non Cng vi vic y mnh sn xut sau chin tranh, phong tro ci to cng thng nghip thnh th, phong tro hp tc ha nng nghip nng thn c nhn dn nhit lit hng ng, nn gio dc cng c ch trng pht trin mt cch rng khp tt c cc a phng, nht l gio dc mm non. C th ni hu ht cc thn x ng bng, bun lng min ni ni no c Hp tc x nng nghip l ni c trng lp mu gio. S hc sinh mm non ca tnh Ph Khnh trong thi k t nm 1975 n nm 1984 tng rt nhanh. Bnh qun trong 10 nm tng 10,23%/nm. S hc sinh mu gio nm 1984 tng so vi nm 1975 l 30.327 em. Nm 1975 huy ng c 26,70%, n nm 1984 huy ng c 51,50% s em trong tui mm non. Lc lng gio vin mm non tng 11,75%/nm. Nm 1984 tng n 1.046 gio vin. Cht lng nui dy cn mc thp. Gio vin mm non nhit tnh nhng do phn ng l o to cp tc, tay ngh cha cao, c s vt cht trng lp cht hp, dng dy hc, sch v cn thiu thn, thu nhp c gio mm non cn ph thuc hon ton vo tng hp tc x. Nhng nm v sau c nhiu tin b. Mt s ng c mu gio c a vo bin ch, trng hc c xy dng v hot ng theo cc m hnh tin tin lc ny.

109

Tnh hnh pht trin gio dc mm non Ph Yn (1975 1989)49 Nm hc NH 1975 1976 NH 1985 1986 NH 1988 1989 So snh t nm 1975->1989 S lp 160 781 800 S lp tng gp 5 ln S hc sinh 5.700 20.635 21.000 S hc sinh tng gp 3 ln ri S gio vin 246 884 960 Gio vin tng gn 4 ln

Nhn vo bng thng k, so vi nm hc u tin sau ngy gii phng th s lp hc mu gio tng gp 5 ln, s hc sinh tng 3,69 ln, s gio vin tng 3,9 ln, hc sinh mm non t t l 3,6% dn s v 45,6% so vi s chu trong tui mm non (t 3 n 6 tui) (trung bnh chung trong c nc hc sinh mu gio t t l 1,44% dn s). Nh vy c th ni b phn Bc Ph Khnh (Ph Yn) s hc sinh mu gio c huy ng t t l cao, ng vo cc loi kh trong c nc. V cng ni ln s c gng, n lc v kt qu tt ca ngnh hc mm non Bc Ph Khnh (Ph Yn). Trc tip thc y GD mm non lc ny pht trin mnh m v qui m v mng li l vai tr ca cc Hp tc x nng nghip cng vi s hot ng tch cc ca U ban bo v B m v Tr em cc cp (TW, tnh v huyn v n nm 1982 c sp nhp vo h thng qun l gio dc). V tnh hnh pht trin ca cp tiu hc Nm hc NH 1975 - 1976 NH 1985 1986 NH 1988 1989 So snh 1975-1989 S trng 20 54 89 S trng tng 4 ln ri S lp 1.233 2.581 2.960 S hc sinh 56.326 97.615 101.860 S gio vin 864 3.036 3.200

S lp tng Hc sinh tng Gio vin hn gp i 1,88 ln tng 3 ln ri

S trng tiu hc tng gp 4 ln ri (89/20), s lp tng 2 ln ri (2.960/1.233); s hc sinh tng gp 2 ln (101.860/56.326); s gio vin tng gp 1,88 ln (3200/864) l nh cc a phng thi ua thc hin Ch th 01 ca TW.
49

S liu trch t bo co thng k nin gim GD Ph Khnh

110

Gio dc ph thng Trc y, mt b phn hc sinh cp 1 i hc chm so vi tui. Nh GD mm non pht trin mnh, to ngun cho cp 1, nhp tng trung bnh 2,54%/nm. Hc sinh cp 2 tng vi tc ln nht, c nm t ti 10,89% (nm 1984) do ch trng ca ngnh gio dc l tha mn ti a cho hc sinh tt nghip cp 1 ln hc cp 2. Hc sinh cp 3 tng t ti 6,75%/nm. p ng vi vic tng nhanh s hc sinh, lc lng gio vin phi tng vi tc rt cao. Trung bnh ton ngnh tng 7,68%/nm. Trong cp 1 tng 4,86%/nm (tng gp 3 ln so vi s hc sinh) gio vin cp 2 tng 14,51%/nm (tc tng gp ri so vi H/S) s gio vin cp 3 tng 10,4%/nm (tng gp ri so vi hc sinh). V c s vt cht, m bo cho dy v hc, tuy c nhiu c gng ln ca Nh nc, nhn dn tch cc tham gia xy dng trng lp song vn cha p ng c nhu cu thc t. Trong khi tc tng ca hc sinh cp 1, 2 bnh qun 9,42%/nm m tc tng phng hc ch tng 2,39%/nm, tc tng hc sinh cp 3 tng 6,70%. Phng hc ch tng 3,91%/nm v th xut hin tnh trng c trng phi hc 3 ca/ ngy. Vn mt cn i gia nhu cu hc tp v c s vt cht, mu thun gia s lng v cht lng gio dc lun l vn bc xc v ko di trong nhiu nm. Nhng nm cui thp k 80 ca th k XX tnh trng trn c ci thin tt hn. GD ph thng ca Ph Khnh vn c nh gi l mt trong nhng a phng c phong tro gio dc kh tt trong c nc. V phong tro gio dc Bc Ph Khnh (Ph Yn) gp mt bng nhiu in hnh nh trng tin tin. Phong tro thi ua Dy tt, hc tt c pht ng, duy tr ngy cng thc y nng cao cht lng. Hng nm, cc t hi ging gio vin dy gii cc cp (trng, huyn, tnh) c t chc thng xuyn. y l dp tt c gio vin trao i kinh nghim rn luyn, bi dng nng cao tay ngh, nng cao cht lng gio dc ton din. Nm hc 1980 1981, ngnh gio dc th x Tuy Ha c 30% gio vin dy gii cc cp, trong c 19 gio vin dy gii cp tnh, 20 sng kin kinh nghim t gii nht ton ngnh.

111

Cng tc bi dng gio vin v thay i phng php dy hc v nng cao trnh chuyn mn nghip v c c bit quan tm. Cng vi vic thnh lp Trung tm Phng php ti S Gio dc- o to, t nm 1983, cc huyn, th m Trng bi dng gio dc vi chc nng bi dng chuyn cho GV trong huyn th, dy BTTH cho cn b huyn v cc x, lin kt vi trng Cao ng s phm Nha Trang o to chun cho GV cp 2 Trng bi dng GD th x Tuy Ha do thy H Vn Tng, Trng phng GD kim Hiu trng, thy Hunh Vn Hc lm Ph hiu trng. Trng Bi dng GD huyn Tuy Ha do thy L Kim Anh, Trng phng GD kim Hiu trng, thy L Nhng lm Ph hiu trng, n thng 7/1988, Nguyn Tn Ho lm Hiu trng. Khng ch qui m gio dc tng m cc hot ng gio dc cng sm i vo nn np cht lng, c nhiu x tr thnh in hnh tin tin trong gio dc. Nm hc 1975-1976, ton x Xun Lc c gn 2.000 hc sinh i hc, n nm hc 1978 1979 tng ln hn 4.500 hc sinh. T 50 hc sinh cp 2 i hc x khc c trng cp 2 ti x vi 320 hc sinh, t13 phng hc nh trng vn ng nhn dn xy dng thm 19 phng mi, c trng c 42 phng hc. Cui nm hc, 75% gio vin t danh hiu lao ng tin tin, hc sinh lp 9 tt nghip 95%, trong 80% c tip tc ln hc trng cp 3, ton trng c 8 HS c cng nhn danh hiu chu ngoan Bc H. Nm hc 1978 - 1979 trng ph thng cp 2 Xun Lc Sng Cu t danh hiu l l c u ton ngnh gio dc Ph Khnh, Hiu trng Hong Huy on c bo co in hnh trong hi ngh tng kt thi ua ton tnh. o to hc sinh nng khiu, c s ng ca S gio dc, Phng gio dc th x Tuy Ha thnh lp trng cp 2 chuyn mang tn Lng Vn Chnh. Sau 34 nm (trong c 19 nm chng M chin tranh tn khc, v t nc b chia ct (t nm 1954 1975) v 13 nm hn gn vt thng chin tranh) n nm hc 1988 1989 trng Lng Vn Chnh c khi phc. Trng PTTH Nguyn Hu, THPT Ng Gia T (Tuy Ha), THPT Phan nh Phng (Sng Cu) c m rng quy m, cc trng PTTH nh trng L Hng Phong, trng L Trung Kin (huyn Tuy Ha), trng Trn Quc Tun (Th x Tuy Ha), trng Trn Ph, trng L Thnh Phng (Tuy An), trng Quang Trung (Sng Cu), trng L Li (ng Xun), trng Phan Bi Chu (Sn
112

Ha) ln lt xy dng p ng mt phn yu cu hc ln cp 3 ca hng ngn hc sinh tt nghip cp 2. V tnh hnh pht trin gio dc cp trung hc c s Nm hc NH 1975 - 1976 NH 1984 1985 NH 1988 1989 So snh 1989->1975 S trng 10 10350 85 S trng tng 8 ln ri S lp 183 929 1085 S hc sinh 10.744 38.428 40.340 S gio vin 221 1.174 1.440

S lp tng Hc sinh tng Gio vin gp 6 ln gn gp 4 ln tng 6 ln ri

S trng tng gp 8 ln ri (85/10), lp tng 6 ln (1085/183), s hc sinh tng gp 4 ln (40.340/10.744), gio vin tng gp 6 ln ri (1440/221). V tnh hnh pht trin gio dc cp trung hc ph thng S gio vin 77 399 311 Gio vin Trng tng Lp tng Hc sinh tng So snh 1989-1975 tng hn 4 gp hn 4 ln gn 4 ln gp 3 ln ln S trng tng gp 4 ln (14/3), s lp tng gn 4 ln (210/56), hc sinh tng gp 3 ln (8663/2766), gio vin tng 4 ln (311/77). Trong hn 10 nm xy dng v pht trin gio dc ph thng, cht lng gio dc ca Ph Yn cng dn c nng ln. xut hin nhiu trng hc tin tin xut sc: trng mu gio An Dn, trng cp 1 Ho Thnh (huyn Tuy Ha), cp 1 u C (Tx Tuy Ha), cp 2 Ha Bnh, cp 2 Ho Thng, cp 2 Xun Lc, cp 3 Nguyn Hu Danh hiu t i lao ng XHCN, chin s thi ua cng bt u c trao tng cho nhiu tp th v c nhn trong ton ngnh. Trong hu ht cc nm hc, hc sinh pha bc Ph Khnh vn lun dnh nhiu gii cao hn trong phong tro hc sinh gii Vn v Ton lp 5, lp 9, lp 12, r nt nht l gii mn Ton. Trng, lp, cn b qun l, gio vin ph thng
50

Nm hc NH 1975 - 1976 NH 1984 1985 NH 1988 1989

S trng 3 12 14

S lp 56 193 210

S hc sinh 2.766 8.403 8.663

S trng t 103 gim cn 85 l do tch trng PT cp 2 ra khi trng PT cp 1-2

113

Cp ph thng c s - Trng Trng cp 1 - CBQL trng PTCS - Lp PTCS Trong cp 1: - Gio vin - Trong cp 1 Cp PTTH - Trng - Cn b qun l - Lp - Gao vin Cng c 2 cp hc PT - Trng - Cn b qun l - Lp - Gao vin

1975 243 195 4613 3893 4345 3471 12 227 371 255 4840 4716

1976 1977 249 197 175 68 5245 5863 4387 4792 5478 5880 4296 4272 13 211 405 15 218 420

1978 200 57 . 6475 5150 6144 4520 17 . 241 466 217 . 6716 6610

1979 1980 207 209 51 51 . 6819 6819 5283 5283 6546 6546 4516 4516 17 253 591 225 . 7072 7137 17 253 591 225 7072 7137

1981 222 38 715 7098 5355 6805 4515 20 54 318 605 242 769 7416 410

1982 232 40 751 7204 5403 7178 4789 20 59 333 718 252 810 7537 7896

1983 244 40 807 7483 5511 7913 5198 22 67 356 824 266 874 7839 8737

1984 255 44 856 7763 5642 8290 5330 23 63 398 884 278 919 8161 9174

262 212 5456 6081 5883 6300

Gio dc chuyn nghip v dy ngh Ngoi Trng trung hc s phm Ph Khnh, cn c trng Trung cp Nng nghip, trng Trung cp lao ng-tin lng (nay l Phn vin Ngn hng), trng Trung cp Xy dng s 6 (nay l Cao ng xy dng s 3), trng Trung cp Thu li ( gii th), trng Trung hc a cht (nay l Cao ng Cng nghip), trng Trung hc Y t (lp nm 1989). Qui m gio dc chuyn nghip cha c m rng v nng cp, cht lng o to cha p ng c nhu cu pht trin kinh t-x hi ca a phng v duyn hi nam Trung b. Thng 6-1986, lp i hc ti chc Khoa xy dng u tin c trng i hc Kin trc H Ni t chc ti trng Trung hc Xy dng s 6 th x Tuy Ha. Thc hin nguyn l gio dc ca ng, gio dc lao ng c qun trit su rng trong tt c cc cp hc, trong ni dung ging dy v c hot ng thc tin ca nh trng. Coi gio dc lao ng nh mt thc o, mt yu t c bn phn bit gia nh trng mi vi nh trng c. Trong lnh o nh trng c mt Ph Hiu trng ph trch cng tc gio dc lao ng. Hu ht cc trng u c vn trng, rung th nghim, xng trng hc sinh thc hnh lao ng sn xut. Lao ng c tin hnh ton din vi cc loi hnh nh lao ng phc v sinh hot hc tp, lao ng cng ch x hi, lao ng sn xut nng, cng nghip ch yu l thc hnh nng nghip. Bc u em li kt qu thit thc, nht l
114

gio dc v nng cao thc lao ng cho thy gio v hc sinh, xa b t tng coi thng, tch ri lao ng sn xut ca nh trng c. Tnh ring trong qu 1 nm 1981, cc trng huyn Tuy Ha tham gia sn xut la nc v thu hoch c hng chc tn, i u l cc trng cp 2 Ha Bnh, cp 2 Ha Tr.hoc tham gia trng cy to rng phng h ven bin nh trng cp 3 Ng Gia T, cp 2 Ha Hip Trungtrng c 1.200.000 cy phi lao.. Thc hin Ch th 126/CP ngy 19/3/1981 ca Hi ng Chnh ph v Ngh quyt ca i hi ng ln th V, loi hnh trng Va hc va lm c thnh lp Ph Khnh. Cng vi Trng va hc va lm Sui Du (Khnh Ha), Trng va hc va lm Sn Thnh (Ph Yn) c xy dng trn c s Nng trng Sn Thnh. Cht lng gio dc kh tt, t yu cu gio dc vn ha v lao ng, xy dng c s vt cht trng lp, sn xut t tc c mt phn. Nm hc 1982-1983, kt qu k thi PTTH ton tnh Ph Khnh : Trng PTTH Trn Ph (Tuy An), trng VHVL Sn Thnh (Tuy Ha) t t l cao nht : 90%, hc sinh tt nghip cp 3. Mt s hc sinh trng tuyn vo HSP Quy Nhn v trng H Nng nghip 4, mt s tham gia ngha v qun s. Cng tc gio dc hng nghip c y mnh, nhiu trng huyn Tuy Ha, Tuy An phi hp vi Ban lm nghip son v ging dy mt s k thut nng nghip: Cy la, cy bng, cy ma, cy da trong cy bng cng c hng nghip v a vo trng nhiu trng trong tnh nh trng PTTH Nguyn Hu, trng tiu hc Ph Lm 3... Nm hc 1984 1985 ti th x Tuy Ha mt Trung tm gio dc k thut tng hp- hng nghip v dy ngh c thnh lp. Trung tm dy cc ngh mc, k thut c kh t, gim cnh, cy m t bo, to c ging cy mi, v c cy ging bn nh chanh -ri-Ka, mt khng ht, nui v bn con trun qu do thy Nguyn Ti Sum lm Gim c v Tin s Nguyn Vn Uyn Vin Khoa hc sinh hc nhit i gip . Cng vo thi im ny, mt trng BTTH VHVL huyn Tuy Ho (Ho Bnh) thnh lp, Hiu trng l thy Nguyn Tn Ho, Ph trng phng gio dc huyn lm kim nhim, thy V Vn Nhm lm Ph hiu trng thng trc, trng c HTXNN Ho Bnh 2 chuyn giao 2 mu rung Phc M lm thc nghim trng la nc. tng cng hn na chc
115

nng o to v dy ngh, nhiu trng dy ngh huyn, th cng c thnh lp vo thi gian ny nh trng dy ngh huyn Tuy Ha do ng Nguyn nh Lun lm Gim c, trng t chc dy ngh may, mc cho mt s lng ng k thanh nin trong huyn. Cng vi dy hc v gio dc lao ng, gio dc quc phng v an ninh c ch trng ng mc. Trnh gic ng cch mng, thc t chc k lut, np sng lnh mnh, trt t vn minh trong nh trng, tinh thn sn sng chin u bo v t nc lun c nng cao v thng xuyn cng c. K tha c truyn thng cch mng trn vng t Ph Yn, nhiu trng cp 3 Bc Ph Khnh c B t lnh qun khu V v B Quc phng nhiu ln khen thng v mt gio dc quc phng. Hot ng vn ngh th dc th thao trong cc trng hc Ph Khnh ni chung v Ph Yn ni ring cng l mt mt hot ng si ni, phong ph, c tc dng gp phn gio dc ton din cho hc sinh, gy mt sinh hot, mt li sng ti vui tp th lnh mnh, y li li sng ch k, c nhn, i try ca nn gio dc M ngy, xy dng i sng mi trong x hi min Nam sau ngy gii phng. Cc cuc hi din vn ngh cho mng cc ngy l ln, i vn ngh ca gio dc th x Tuy Ha, th trn Sng Cu u vt tri so vi cc i thnh ph Nha Trang, th x Cam Ranh v thng t gii nht ton Ngnh. Hc sinh Ph Yn khng nhng c truyn thng hc gii m cn c phong tro th dc th thao rt tt. Hng nm Ph Khnh c hn 2 triu lt hc sinh tham gia th dc th thao. H nm 1982, i nam in kinh trng PTCS Phng 4, TX Tuy Ha c c i din cho hc sinh cp 2 Vit Nam i d i hi in kinh hc sinh quc t Mng C. Hi khe Ph ng nm 1984, hng ngn vn ng vin ca 20 trng PTCS, 2 trng PTTH v 4 trng THCN tham gia. V c quc t, gii nht thuc hc sinh Nguyn Nh (PTTH); nghi thc i, gii nht thuc th x Tuy Ha; Bng chuyn Gii nht thuc v trng PTTH L Li (ng Xun) III. T CHC NG V HOT NG ON TH Cng tc ng ng li quan im gio dc ca ng khng ch c thm nhun trong chng trnh, ni dung, phng php dy hc, m cn c qun trit trong h thng t chc, trong hot ng cc on th chnh tr qun chng trong trng hc.
116

T chc ng c hnh thnh c s nhiu trng hc. Thi gian mi gii phng, s ng vin trong ngnh gio dc t, tp trung c quan S gio dc, Phng gio dc v cc trng chuyn nghip. Hu ht cc ng vin c tn nhim b sung vo cn b ct cn, qun l ca ngnh. Cht lng chnh tr trong nh trng c ci thin. S lng ng vin ca gio dc Ph Yn n nm 1988 trn 800 ngi, chim 9-10% tng s gio vin. Nhng trng hc cha c chi b ng hoc ng vin th nh trng phi gn cht hot ng ca mnh di s lnh o ton din ca cp y ng a phng v vn m bo vic thc hin ng theo ng li gio dc ca ng. Hot ng Cng on Cng on gio dc l ni tp hp cc ngun gio vin t vng cn c, vng mi gii phng, t min Bc XHCN vo i gia nh nh gio cch mng. Cng on gio dc trong tnh t chc thnh 4 cp. Sau khi thnh lp CCS trng, hu ht cc thy gio, c gio tin tin u c kt np vo t chc cng on. Cng on hot ng si ni, c kh th, m bo l mt t chc chnh tr-x hi-ngh nghip, l cu ni gia CB, CNVC, gio vin v chnh quyn Nh nc v ng. Trong nhng ngy u gii phng, kinh t x hi cn gp rt nhiu thiu thn kh khn, Cng on t chc tt i sng vt cht v tinh thn, gip nhau mi mt, xa b nhng khong cch ca lch s li, xy dng c khi on kt nht tr trong t m ngh nghip, trong tnh yu ngi, yu ngh cng hp lc xy dng nh trng mi. cp huyn, th, Cng on gio dc lun gn vi Phng gio dc. T ng Xun, Ty Sn, Tuy An, Tuy Ha, Th x mi Phng u c mt Th k cng on lm cn b chuyn trch. Cc on vin nhit tnh c uy tn trong chuyn mn c c lm th k cng on trng, huyn, th v sau ny s ng u tr thnh cn b ct cn ca ngnh. Cng on gio dc tnh cng vi S gio dc t chc v y mnh phong tro thi ua Hai tt xy dng T i lao ng x hi ch ngha kt hp vi on thanh nin Cng sn H Ch Minh (on TNCS HCM) trin khai cc phong tro thi ua Xy dng tp th hc sinh XHCN, phong tro xy dng Chi i mnh. Nh sc mnh tng hp ca on th m xy dng c nhiu in hnh nh trng tin tin, t i LXHCN, cc chin s thi ua ngnh gio dc v ng o on vin
117

cng on xut sc, tin tin v cng l ni gii thiu kt np nhiu ng vin b sung cho t chc ng trong nh trng. on TNCS HCM on l t chc chnh tr, ni tp hp, sinh hot chnh tr ca gio vin tr v hc sinh cc trng trung hc ph thng v chuyn nghip. Cc hot ng ca on thanh nin sinh ng, phong ph, hp dn thu ht nhiu thanh nin gio vin, hc sinh hng th tham gia sinh hot. Tt c cc trng cp 3 u c on trng, cc trng cp 2 u c chi on hay lin chi on v lin i TNTP HCM. Hot ng ca on, i gn cht vi cc hot ng gio dc truyn thng lch s, gio dc, chnh tr, x hi thc tin lao ng xut sc, vi cc ch thi ua. Vi thanh nin c phong tro Xy dng tp th hc sinh XHCN ; Phong tro lao ng sn xut vi i thiu nin Tin phong c phong tro n n p ngha, chin s nh in Bin hc tp thng minh dng cm phong tro Bo v ng st qu em ; Phong tro hc gii, im 10 lm hoa dng Bc v bao trm ln l cng cuc thi ua tr thnh Chu ngoan Bc H. Mt in hnh tiu biu l em Cao Th Bo Linh, hc sinh THCS Lng Vn Chnh Tx Tuy Ha c i din hc sinh ton tnh tham gia Festival thanh nin th gii t chc nm 1988 ti Bnh Nhng. Cng tc gio dc thanh nin, thiu nin, nhi ng tr thnh mt yu cu chnh tr x hi rng ln, tr thnh mt khoa hc v ngh thut gio dc. T nm 1986 1987 Hiu trng trng CSP Nha Trang c sng kin xin xut vi B gio dc, TW on TNCS HCM, Hi ng i TN ngh ra mt khoa mi Khoa gio dc on i. y l trng CSP u tin trong c nc c m s ca Khoa o to gio vin on i (sau ny gi l gio dc vin) c kh nng dy 2 mn (nh Vn on i, S on i, Th Dc on i ). Va xy dng ni dung chng trnh, va o to gio vin chuyn ngnh, trng SPCNT o to c hng trm gio vin ph trch cng tc on i cho tnh Ph Khnh v sau ny cho 2 tnh Ph Yn v Khnh Ha. Khoa o to mi ny c rt kinh nghim v ph bin thnh lp trong hu ht cc trng CSP trong nc. Cng tc on, i cng l mt mt mnh ca tnh Ph Khnh trong ton ngnh gio dc. IV. XY DNG C S VT CHT

118

C s vt cht ca hu ht cc trng rt ngho nn, lc hu, p ng yu cu hc tp rng ln ca nhn dn sau ngy gii phng, ngoi vic chm lo u t ca Nh nc, nhn dn cc ni trong tnh nht l cc hp tc x nng nghip gp phn rt nhiu ca ci, sc lc xy dng nh trng, mua sm bn gh cng c trng hc t mu gio, cp 1, cp 2 v cp 3. Ch ring nm hc 1984 -1985, nhn dn huyn Tuy Ha mua sm 400 b bn gh hc sinh, 200 b bn gh gio vin, xy dng 85 phng hc. Th x Tuy Ho xy dng 35 phng hc mi, tu sa 41 phng hc c. UBND huyn Tuy Ha v Tx Tuy Ho cn huy ng cc hp tc x gp sc xy dng c s vt cht trng cp 3 L Trung Kin, trng cp 3 Trn Quc Tun. Cng trn c s phng chm Nh nc v nhn dn cng lm, nhiu huyn vn ng nhn dn, x vin HTX vxy dng rt nhiu phng hc v trang b bn gh. C th ni phong tro thi ua xy dng trng hc vo nhng nm 1982-1986 tr nn mnh m hn bao gi ht, n hin thc ho rt r nt quan im ca ng v gio dc, l s nghip ca ton ng, ton dn. Nhn li sau ngy gii phng v trong 15 nm hp nht trong tnh Ph Khnh, nhn dn Ph Yn ni chung v i ng thy gio v hc sinh ni ring vt ln mi kh khn gian kh, hng hi tham gia vo cng cuc hn gn li vt thng chin tranh, xy dng li cuc sng mi trn qu hng mnh, m s pht trin mnh m ca Ngnh gio dc nh l biu hin tnh u vit, b mt tt p ca ch mi. 120 S pht trin GD ph thng Ph Yn 1975 1989
100
97.615 101.86

S lng HS n v 10.000

80
Tiu hc (cp 1)

60

56.326

Ph thng c s (cp 2) 38.428 40.34 Trung hc ph thng

40

20

10.744 2.76

8.403

8.663

119

0
NH 1975-1976 NH 1985-1986 NH 1988-1989

Nhn vo biu ta thy sau 15 nm gii phng gio dc Ph Yn c s pht trin tt. Nht l cp tiu hc (cp 1), cp trung hc c s pht trin mnh, thu ht c nhiu con em vo hc, p ng c nhu cu hc tp ca em sau ngy gii phng. V trung hc ph thng cng c s pht trin kh, nhng quy m hy cn nh so vi cc cp hc khc. Tnh hnh pht trin gio dc ph thng c 3 cp I + II + III trong 15 nm hp nht t 1975 n 1989. Tng s trng hc NH 1975 - 1976 33 NH 1985 1986 169 NH 1988 1989 188 So snh s pht S trng trin 1975 ->1989 tng ln 6 ln Nm hc Tng s Tng s hc sinh gio vin 1.462 69.902 1.162 3.703 144.442 4.611 4.255 150.863 4.971 S lp tng Tng s HS Tng s GV gn 3 ln tng gn 2 ln tng trn 4 ln * * * * 15 nm sau ngy gii phng, trong tnh hnh mt tnh hp nht, y l mt thi k chuyn bin cch mng c ngha cc k quan trng. Thi k chuyn t chin tranh sang xy dng ha bnh, di s lnh o ca ng v cc cp chnh quyn, vi truyn thng tt p ca mnh, nhn dn Ph Yn vt ln mi s tn ph nng n ca chin tranh xy dng li cuc sng mi trn qu hng mnh. Mt nn kinh t bc u dn c phc hi v pht trin, x hi n nh v tin b trong ni bt ln l mt nn gio dc cch mng c pht trin mnh m v lnh mnh. l hnh nh tiu biu cho tnh u vit ca ch mi. y, nn gio dc n dch ca quc M v b l tay sai b xa b, mt nn gio dc x hi ch ngha, khoa hc tin tin thng nht trong c nc c xy dng v pht trin ngy cng tt p. S lp
120

B my qun l gio dc t cp tnh n huyn c hnh thnh, tng cng v cng c ngy cng vng vng sc a Ngnh gio dc vng bc tin ln thc hin nhim v gio dc v o to cng vi c nc. Trong nhng nm 1975-1989, tuy c s vt cht cc trng hc pha bc Ph Khnh cha c quan tm u t ngang bng cc trng hc pha nam nhng cng to ra c nhng bc pht trin mnh m v s lng v cht lng o to. Vic o to bi dng i ng gio vin mi c c bit ch . H thng cc trng s phm mu gio, Trung cp, Cao ng c thnh lp v pht trin nhanh chng o to cho Ngnh hng ngn gio vin, y nng lc v sc phn u mi. i ng gio vin v cn b qun l cc cp tng ln gp 4 ln so vi ngy u gii phng. (Nm 1975 c 1.162 ngi n nm 1989 tng ln 4.971 ngi). i sng nhn dn tuy cn nhiu kh khn, nhng vi tinh thn hiu hc v trong nim vui gii phng, nhn dn Ph Yn gp phn xy dng nhiu trng lp mi, s trng tng gp 6 ln vi 188 trng, s lp tng gp 3 ln vi 4.255 lp sc thu ht 150.863 hc sinh ph thng v 21.000 hc sinh mu gio, ng gp 3 ln so vi ngy u gii phng. Thnh tu ca Ngnh gio dc Ph Yn trong 15 nm hp nht ca Ph Khnh tht c ngha quan trng. N to c s cho s pht trin gio dc trn quy m ln trong thi k ti lp tnh t nm 1989 n sau ny.

121

122

CHNG VI GIO DC PH YN THI K TI LP TNH V TRONG CNG CUC I MI (1989-2000) I. THC HIN CHIN LC PHT TRIN GIO DC Hi ngh ln th II ca Ban chp hnh TW ng kha VIII xc nh: V nh hng chin lc pht trin gio dc-o to trong thi k cng nghip ha, hin i ha v nhim v n nm 200051 l nhm xy dng nhng con ngi v th h thit tha gn b vi l tng c lp dn tc v ch ngha x hi, c o c trong sang, c ch kin cng xy dng v bo v t quc, cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc Pht trin Gio dc-o to gn vi nhu cu pht trin kinh t x hi, nhng tin b khoa hc-k thut. M rng quy m, nng cao cht lng v pht huy hiu qu l vn ngnh gio dc quan tm nht. Thc hin gio dc kt hp vi lao ng sn xut, nghin cu khoa hc, l lun gn vi thc t, hc i i vi hnh, nh trng gn lin vi gia nh v x hi. Ngh quyt Trung ng II xc nh nhim v v mc tiu pht trin gio dc v o to t 1996-2000 v ra nhng bin php ch yu thc hin nhng nhim v mc tiu trn. Vi mc tiu nng cao mt bng dn tr, m bo tri thc cn thit mi ngi gia nhp cuc sng x hi v kinh t theo kp tin trnh i mi v pht trin t nc. o to, bi dng v nng cao cht lng ngun nhn lc lun l cng vic hng u, xy dng i ng cn b khoa hc v cng ngh vng mnh sc gii quyt nhng vn c t ra trong bi cnh mi ca t nc trong thi k cng nghip ha, hin i ha th ngnh gio dc phi m ng. Trc ht l pht hin, bi dng v trng dng nhn ti bng nhiu gii php c th: pht trin gio dc mm non, thanh ton nn m ch cho nhng ngi lao ng la tui 1535, hon thnh c bn ph cp tiu hc trong c nc v c chnh sch gip con em ngi dn tc thiu s, gia nh ngho, ngi tn tt c iu kin hc tp, cng c tng cng trng chuyn, lp chn, m thm trng bn cng, dn lp. M rng v nng cao cht lng dy ngoi ng, tin hc t cp ph thng. Bn cnh to iu kin m bo cht lng cc c s o to ngh. Hon chnh v cng c cc trng s phm khc phc nhanh tnh trng thiu gio vin. Nng cao cht
51

Ngh quyt s 01-NQ/NHTW, ngy 24-12-1996.

123

lng gio vin cc cp, tng cng nghin cu khoa hc gio dc, tip tc i mi phng php dy hc. II. GIO DC PH YN GIAI ON 1989-2000 Nm 1989 theo Ngh quyt s 83-Q/TW, ngy 4 thng 3 nm 1989 ca B Chnh tr Ban chp hnh Trung ng ng kho VI v Ngh quyt ca Quc hi kho VIII, k hp th 5, t ngy 01 thng 7 nm 1989 tnh Ph Khnh c tch ra v ti lp hai tnh Ph Yn v Khnh Ho theo a gii c. Sau ngy tnh Ph Yn c ti lp, Tnh y Ph Yn xc nh Nhim v ca ton ng b, ton dn v ton qun trong tnh l va phi nhanh chng n nh s lnh o v ch o, va m bo thc hin cng cuc i mi trn cc lnh vc theo Ngh quyt 6 ca TW. i vi lnh vc gio dc nng cao cht lng dy hc v hiu qu o to ca ngnh gio dc, nng Trng trung hc s phm ln thnh Trng cao ng s phm; cng c v m rng Trung tm hng nghip; m rng cc hnh thc ph cp ngh nghip cho thanh nin, ch o to cng nhn k thut lnh ngh, xc tin lp trng THPT chuyn Lng Vn Chnh dy s hc sinh gii ton, vn, ngoi ng; chm lo i sng v iu kin lm vic ca gio vin52. chun b cho c quan S GD-T Ph Yn ra i, u thng 6/1989, S GD-T Ph Khnh ra Quyt nh thnh lp Vn phng S GD-T Ph Yn 221223 Trn Hng o, th x Tuy Ha v iu ng mt s cn b ct cn ca cc n v Trng THSP Ph Khnh, Trng SP nui dy tr, cc Phng Gio dc v lm nhim v chun b c s vt cht v tip nhn ti sn c chia ra t S GD-T Ph Khnh. Nhng cn b t Ph Yn c iu ng v Vn phng S GD-T trc ngy 01/7/1989 l Hunh Vn S, Phm Ngc Anh, Trn Vn Lin, Trn Th Sm, ng Quang Dng v Nguyn Tn Ho. Ngy 12-7-1989, UBND tnh ra quyt nh s 105/UB thnh lp S Gio dc Ph Yn. C quan vn phng S Gio dc lc by gi c thm 9 ngi chuyn v t S Gio dc Ph Khnh v Trng cao ng s phm Nha Trang. sm n nh tnh hnh v t chc hot ng, S Gio dc tham mu UBND tnh tip tc iu ng v b nhim mt s cn b ct cn t cc Phng Gio dc v cc n v trng hc b sung v t chc bin ch b my c quan vn phng S Gio dc.
52

Ngy 30/6/1989: Ngh quyt 01-NQ/TW- Ngh quyt ca tnh y Ph Yn ln th Nht.

124

Thy Nguyn Cch lm Gim c S GD, thy Nguyn Xun m lm ph Gim c kim Hiu trng c s Cao ng S phm Ph Yn. n thng 9 nm 1991, thy Nguyn Xun m lm Gim c thay thy Nguyn Cch ngh hu; cc ph Gim c: thy L c Cng, thy Trn Vn Chng (kim Gim c Trung tm k thut-hng nghip tnh). Cn b nhn vin ton c quan lc by gi khong 30 ngi. T chc c gm: Phng hnh chnh, Phng thanh tra tng hp, Phng gio dc ph thng, Phng gio dc chuyn nghip, Phng ti v, Phng t chc cn b, Ban qun l d n v Cng on ngnh. ngnh Gio dc c s thng nht v tp trung trong cng tc qun l p ng vi yu cu pht trin gio dc, ngy 27 thng 5 nm 1993 Tnh u ra Ngh quyt s 10/NQ-TU, ghi r: Thc hin c ch qun l mi trong ton ngnh gio dc theo tinh thn Ch th 287/HBT v Ngh quyt ca Hi ngh Tnh u ln th 9 kho XI, UBND tnh ch o ngnh gio dc xy dng chu o n thc hin qun l tp trung, thng nht trong ton ngnh gio dc, ng thi pht huy vai tr tch cc ch ng ca a phng v c s i vi s nghip gio dc trong ton tnh. Ngy 25 thng 5 nm 1993 UBND tnh ra Quyt nh s 637/Q-UB, giao cho S gio dc v o to trc tip qun l s nghip gio dc trong ton tnh. Ti iu 1 ca Quyt nh ghi r: qun l ton ngnh, bao gm: - Qun l cng tc chuyn mn. - Qun l cng tc t chc cn b v bin ch. - Qun l kinh ph s nghip gio dc - o to. Quyt nh s 637/Q-UB ca UBND tnh ra i ng lc, ph hp vi yu cu pht trin khch quan ca ngnh gio dc, em li mt nim phn khi cho ton ngnh, to iu kin pht trin gio dc trn quy m rng ln, a dng, phong ph hn. Giai on thc hin c ch qun l ton ngnh, lnh o S vn l thy Nguyn Xun m lm Gim c; thy L c Cng, thy Trn Vn Chng v thy H Vn Tng lm ph Gim c. u nm 1998 thy Nguyn Xun m ngh hu. T thng 4 n cui thng 5 nm 1998 thy H Vn Tng lm Gim c; t thng 6 nm 1998 thy Trn Vn Chng lm Gim c (n nm 2010), thy L c Cng, ph Gim c trc tip lm Hiu trng trng Cao ng s phm Ph

125

Yn, c Nguyn Th Hong Lan v thy L Nhng b nhim lm Ph Gim c S Gio dc v o to. Qu trnh pht trin t chc b my c quan S n nm 2000 c b sung hon chnh v vng mnh, p ng yu cu lnh o ca ngnh. Cn b, nhn vin c quan vn phng S cng ln lt c lun chuyn v b sung, n nm 2000 ton c quan c 53 ngi. Thc hin m hnh qun l ton ngnh t ra c hiu qu cao, ngnh gio dc t nhng thnh tu mi, khc phc c nhng nhc im ca c ch qun l c, p ng c yu cu phc v cho vic i mi nn kinh t - x hi. V mt qun l t chc, nhn s c nhng bc tin r rt. S Gio dc nm chc c s lng, cht lng i ng gio vin cc cp, cn b qun l trong ton ngnh, lp c k hoch bi dng v n nm 1998, 100% gio vin cc cp t c chun o to. S Gio dc nh gi xp loi 417 cn b qun l GD trong tnh. Nm hc 1994-1995 nh gi v b nhim li ton b Hiu trng cc trng cp 1, cp 2 v mt s trng cp 3 v gii quyt thuyn chuyn 97 gio vin hon thnh ngha v min ni tr v min xui v 135 gio vin ln min ni. V c bn, S Gio dc gii quyt c tnh hnh thiu gio vin min ni, hi o. C cu t chc ca cc c quan ch o gio dc ca S, cc Phng gio dc c cng c, nng cao. Mi quan h gia S, Phng v trng hc c cht ch, thng sut c tc dng nng cao hiu qu qun l Nh nc trong ton ngnh. Cng tc qun l ngn sch gio dc c tnh c i mi, S Gio dc qun l ton b kinh ph ca ngnh phc v tt cho s pht trin ngnh. (Trc thng 7/1993, S Gio dc ch qun l c ngn sch hnh chnh ca c quan S v cc trng trc thuc, ngn sch phng gio dc do UBND cp huyn qun l). C s vt cht ca ngnh, xy dng sa cha trng lp c iu hnh c k hoch, cng bng hp l gia cc huyn, gii quyt c trng tm, trng im, u tin cho min ni, hi o. Nm hc 1993-1994, nhn dn gp hng t ng cng vi tnh xy dng 297 phng hc mi, mt s x xy dng c trng tng. n nhng nm 1994-1995, c bn ton tnh chm dt c tnh trng hc ca 3. Sau hai nm vn hnh theo m hnh qun l ton ngnh, trong bo co tng kt ca Tnh u nm 1994 khng nh: Trong nm qua, theo phng thc qun l ton ngnh chng ta duy tr, pht trin s nghip gio dc- o to, ch
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trng hn vic o to bi dng cn b bng hnh thc ti chc, kt thc nm hc 1993-1994 thng li53. Tng kt nm hc 1995-1996, B gio dc v o to khen thng gio dc Ph Yn (7/11 ch tiu) ng th 3 trong ton quc. Nhng kinh nghim tt trong qun l ton ngnh ca Ph Yn cng cc S Gio dc pha Nam ng gp vo nhng bi hc l lun v thc tin v cng tc qun l gio dc v n nm 1998 trn ton quc c n 46/61 tnh p dng m hnh ny. y l giai on ton ngnh n lc pht trin nng cao cht lng gio dc v o to, tp trung xa m ch v ph cp gio dc tiu hc; coi trng cng tc t tng chnh tr i vi i ng gio vin v cng nhn vin ngnh gio dc. M rng loi hnh trng bn cng, trng dn lp cp THPT, cc hnh thc hc ngoi gi, va hc, va lm, hc tp trung nh k, ngn hn nhm nng cao dn tr v o to nhn lc. Nng cao cht lng dy v hc ngoi ng cc trng ph thng. y mnh hng nghip v dy ngh PT cho hc sinh, nng cao cht lng trng chuyn lp chn, quy hoch o to gn vi s dng, o to theo a ch, theo yu cu ca cc thnh phn kinh t, huy ng s ng gp ca nhn dn vi s h tr ca Nh nc u t cho min ni, m rng cc trng ni tr, chm lo to ngun o to cn b ngi dn tc. Coi trng nng cao cht lng, duy tr phong tro thi ua Dy tt, hc tt, qun l tt cc trng chuyn, lp chn o to nng khiu, bi dng nhn ti. Gio dc Ph Yn lun quan tm gio dc min ni, xa m ch chm dt nn m ch vo cui nm 1995, t chc lp b tc vn ha ban m cho nhiu i tng cn nng cao trnh vn ho; ch o s dng c hiu qu sch gio khoa, ci tin thi c, m rng mng li trng ngoi cng lp t u nhng nm 90. y mnh gio dc hng nghip v dy ngh bng nhiu phng thc nng ng thit thc, tng cng qun l Nh nc i vi lnh vc gio dc chuyn nghip v dy ngh. Ch trng i mi gio dc l pht trin cc loi hnh o to, cng c v sp xp li h thng trng hc. Di s lnh o ca ng, di nh sng ca cc Ngh quyt Trung ng 4 (kha VII), Ngh quyt Trung ng 2 (kha VIII), cc Quyt nh ca Chnh ph, s ch o ca B gio dc v o to, di s lnh o ca Tnh y, UBND cng vi s pht trin kinh t - x hi tnh, ngnh gio dc Ph
53

Bo co tng kt Tnh u Ph Yn s 85/BC.TU ngy 12/01/1995

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Yn vi tinh thn t lc, t cng vt ln mi kh khn th thch ca thin tai, ca nn kinh t thp km trong sut 10 nm ti lp tnh (1989-2000). Ngnh xy dng c mt h thng gio dc quc dn tng i hon chnh v ng b v c cu. Tc pht trin nhanh v s lng, vi quy m ln rng khp t thnh th n nng thn, t hi o n min ni; a dng ha cc loi trng lp: cng lp, bn cng, dn lp, t thc; cc hnh thc hc tp: ti chc, t xa Ngoi h thng gio dc ph thng cn c h thng gio dc thng xuyn, phong tro xa nn m ch, h thng cc lp b tc vn ha; cc nh trng gio dc c bit nh trng nui dy tr em khuyt tt, trung tm gio dc tr m ci; h thng cc trng dy ngh, trung hc chuyn nghip, cao ng, cc trung tm k thut, hng nghip; h thng cc trng dn tc ni tr. Trn c s y mnh phong tro x hi ha gio dc, cc ngun lc huy ng cho gio dc c tng cng v s dng c hiu qu. Cng tc thanh tra, kim tra l mt khu quan trng trong qu trnh qun l gio dc. Nm 1997, S gio dc m lp bi dng nghip v cng tc thanh tra tp trung 6 tun cho tt c thanh tra chuyn nghip v kim nhim. Cht lng cng tc thanh, kim tra c nng ln r rt. Cc c s gio dc a phng cng nh lnh o S Gio dc - o to iu chnh cc hot ng qun l, chn chnh t chc, nng cao cht lng ging dy, gii quyt cc mu thun trong ni b cn b nhn vin ngnh gio dc, gp phn cao v th ngnh gio dc trong ton x hi. T chc thanh tra S, thanh tra vin v thanh tra kim nhim c cng c v tng cng, c lc ln n 186 ngi (nm 1995) v trn 200 ngi vo nhng nm sau. Thanh tra c hun luyn nghip v, cng tc thanh tra xy dng c nn np, k cng, k lut ng thi m bo chuyn mn, dn ch cng bng v on kt thng nht trong ton ngnh. Phong tro thi ua c c th ho thnh cc cuc vn ng vi nhng ni dung thit thc th hin cc nhim v trng tm tng nm hc. l cuc vn ng dn ch ho trong nh trng, x hi ho gio dc, thc hin k cng-tnh thng-trch nhim, gii vic nc-m vic nh. Mi thy c gio l mt tm gng sng cho hc sinh noi theo Cc n v trng hc trin khai thc hin di nhiu hnh thc phong ph, sinh ng, t hiu qu v tc dng cao. Hng nm, ngnh u t chc cc Hi thi gio vin dy gii cc cp khuyn khch phong tro t hc, t nng cao tay ngh, nng cao cht lng gio dc. Phong tro xut
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hin hng trm gio vin dy gii, ng gp nhiu kinh nghim qu gi trong i mi phng php ging dy. Nhiu nh gio, cn b qun l gio dc c tng danh hiu Nh gio u t, Huy chng v s nghip gio dc, nhiu n v, trng hc c cng nhn trng tin tin xut sc v ngh cc cp tng Bng khen, C thi ua. Cc n v c Nh nc tng thng Hun chng Lao ng hng Ba l: trng Cao ng S phm, trng THPT chuyn Lng Vn Chnh, THPT Nguyn Hu v THPT Phan nh Phng. Phong tro thi ua trong 10 nm (1990-2000), ton ngnh gio dc gp phn to ra nhng chuyn bin tt p trong vic m rng qui m, nng cao cht lng, pht huy hiu qu. Ring nm hc 1999-2000, ton ngnh bnh chn cc danh hiu thi ua, cc cp khen thng: Lao ng gii c 5.720 ngi, Chin s thi ua c s c 341 ngi, gio vin gii gio vin tng ph trch gii 496 ngi, c 419 t Lao ng gii, 214 t Lao ng xut sc, 108 trng tin tin v tin tin xut sc. Nhiu c nhn v tp th khc c Th tng Chnh ph, UBND tnh v B Gio dc-o to tng bng khen. S Gio dc-o to Ph Yn c B Gio dc-o to tng c thi ua cho n v kh trong Hi kho Ph ng ton quc 1996 (ton on xp th 14/63, i bng nam THPT ot huy chng bc ton quc sau khi thua i ch nh Hi Phng 0-1), i in kinh hc sinh THPT ca Ph Yn c i din HS c nc tham d gii in kinh hc sinh ASEN vo nm 1999 ti Singapore. Ph Yn cng c B GD-T chn l ni ng cai t chc gii in kinh HKP ton quc v gii bng khu vc III vo nm 2000 ca cp tiu hc v THCS (2 i bng nam Ph Yn u v ch khu vc), c U ban Th dc th thao TW cng tng c thi ua xut sc phong tro gio dc th cht trng hc giai on 1996-2000. Ngn sch ti chnh c qun l thng nht ton ngnh, thc s l n by cho pht trin gio dc. Vic phn b ngn sch trong h thng gio dc, cho o to bi dng, cho xy dng c bn c thc hin theo ng nguyn tc ti chnh. Tuy ngun lc vn cn hn hp so vi yu cu pht trin ngnh nhng cng tc ti chnh phc v ht sc c hiu qu cho cng cuc pht trin gio dc tnh nh. 2.1. S pht trin ca gio dc Mm non
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T nm 1989 n nm 1992, khi bt u i mi trong sn xut nng nghip vi khon 10 v Ch th 100 ca Ban B th TW, cc HTX sn xut nng nghip khng cn qun l sn xut tp trung m thc hin theo phng thc khon h C ch mi ny trong HTXSXNN tc ng ngc n qui m pht trin ca GD mm non. GD mm non tnh pht trin gn vi c ch qun l hp tc x nng nghip nay khng cn c s bo tr, thiu ngun kinh ph tr lng cho c gio, c s vt cht trng lp nh tr, mu gio khng c t chc chm lo. Ngnh hc mm non gp nhiu kh khn, nhm tr, lp mm non tan r tng mng. T tng ch o chung ca Tnh y, UBND tnh l quan tm n vic phc hi GD mm non. T , Ngh quyt ca cc k i hi ng ln th XI, XII ca tnh ch o i vi GD mm non cng c th, su st hiu qu hn. Vi ch th 223 ca HBT, quy hoch li trng lp theo a bn dn c cho php m trng, lp mm non t thc (NQ TW4 kha VII); Xc nh r GDMN gi v tr u tin trong h thng gio dc quc dn (N 90/CP nm 1990). Vi mc tiu: Pht trin trng lp hc mm non theo iu kin kinh t x hi ca a phng, theo yu cu ca nhn dn; Mi huyn phi xy dng 1 trng mm non trng im, cht lng cao lm mu. u tin huy ng trit tr 5 tui ra lp mu gio, m bo s lng, cht lng cho lp 1 tiu hc i ng gio vin mm non (nh tr, mu gio) cn thiu v yu, cha ng b, i b phn cha qua o to, trnh tay ngh chuyn mn thp. i sng gn lin vi sn xut nng nghip ang cn gp nhiu kh khn, s i ng cn qu thp cha tng xng vi s lao ng ca gio vin, cha c ch chnh sch c th. Trng, lp dng dy hc qu thiu thn, ngho nn. Trong thi gian u, phn nhiu gio vin ch lm c vic gi tr hn l nui-dy-tr S quan tm ca cc cp lnh o, trc tip l S Gio dc-o to, tng bc i ng gio vin mm non tng ln v s lng, p ng c yu cu m rng qui m trng lp, v cht lng vn ha, nghip v ngy cng c ci tin qua vic t chc nhiu hnh thc o to, bi dng linh hot, phong ph, dn dn n nm hc 1999-2000 c bn chun ha c i ng gio vin mm non v c mt s gio vin c o to tr trn chun lm nng ct cho phong tro. T l khm sc khe nh k cho cc trng quc lp 100%, cc lp nhm t thc 100%, cc lp trng dn lp 60%. Cht lng gio dc i vi tr 5 tui (lp
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mu gio ln - lp kt thc GD mm non, chuyn ln cp tiu hc) c nh gi nh sau: c c th kh mnh, vn ng tt: 85%; c kh nng nhn bit, m con s, nhn mt ch, c kh nng din t bng ngn ng: 90%; c thc, hnh vi l php, trung thc: 75%; c thc gi gn v sinh c nhn v mi trng : 76%; c tnh cm tt i vi ngi thn v nhng ngi xung quanh 90%.... Trong 10 nm (1989-2000), tnh hnh kinh t - x hi Ph Yn c nhiu thay i, c lc gp kh khn nhng xu hng chung ca gio dc mm non Ph Yn vn pht trin tt, kh vng chc. Thc hin quan im x hi ha gio dc ca ng, GD mm non mang tnh cht x hi ha ngy cng su sc v hiu qu tt. Trong thi k c ch kinh t k hoch ha trc i hi VI (1986) nh tr, mu gio c kinh t tp th, hp tc x bo tr, t thi k i mi kinh t, lc u c gp kh khn, nhng thi k gim st qua nhanh, gio dc mm non li c x hi ha vi nhiu loi hnh trng lp phong ph, a dng, ngnh hc mm non ca tnh li phc hi v pht trin nhanh v vng chc c v s lng v cht lng. n nm 2000, Ph Yn a trn 85% tng s tr em 5 tui vo trng mu gio (trong lc bnh qun c nc t 75%) v a 98,5% tng s tr 6 tui vo lp 1. C th ni, tuy l mt tnh c nn kinh t nng nghip chm pht trin, song ngay t nhng ngy u ti lp tnh, ng b v nhn dn tnh rt quan tm ch o v u t cho ngnh gio dc ni chung v gio dc mm non ni ring. Di s lnh o ca Trung ng, tnh c nhng ch trng, bin php c th quyt vc dy GD mm non thot khi nhng kh khn do iu kin kinh t - x hi rng buc. HND tnh 2 ln ra Ngh quyt v chnh sch i ng cho gio vin mm non dn lp. Ln u, thng 9/1995 cho php h tr 100.000/thng gio vin, s cn li ngn sch x, huyn cp. Ln th 2 (thng 6/2000) cho php trch ngn sch tnh gii quyt lng cho gio vin mm non dn lp nh ch lng v bo him x hi ca gio vin cng lp trong tnh. Kinh nghim ny c Chnh ph ghi nhn, v B Gio dc ph bin, vn dng trong ton Ngnh. 2.2. S pht trin ca gio dc ph thng 2.2.1. Cp Tiu hc Tiu hc l cp nn tng ca h thng gio dc quc dn nn c ngnh quan tm pht trin kh nhanh v ng b. Hi ngh ln th 6, Ban chp hnh Trung ng kha VI (29/03/1989) xc nh: cng tc gio dc phi hng trng
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tm vo vic tng bc n nh tnh hnh gio dc nng cao cht lng v hiu qu o to. V gio dc ph thng cn tng cng u t thanh ton nn m ch v ph cp gio dc cp 1, tp trung lm tt gio dc ton din cp 1, lp 1. Trng cp 1 l cp hc ring, t nm 1979, theo Ngh quyt ci cch gio dc ln th 3, trng cp 1 hp nht vi cc trng cp 2 v gi l trng ph thng c s vi mc ch thc hin ph cp gio dc ph thng c s 9 nm. Sau , thc hin ng li i mi iu chnh mc tiu ca cuc ci cch gio dc ln th 3 vi t tng u tin cho cp 1, lp 1. Nm 1989, B gio dc- o to quyt nh tch trng cp 1 quay li v vi tn c l trng tiu hc. n nm 2000, c bn hon thnh vic tch cp 1 ra khi trng ph thng c s thnh h thng trng tiu hc hon chnh. Thng 3 nm 1992, S gio dc v o to Ph Yn t chc cuc hi tho khoa hc v m cuc vn ng ci tin qun l trng Tiu hc vi mc tiu phc hi, m rng quy m tiu hc, gim t l hc sinh b hc, ci tin phng php gio dc, nng cao cht lng o to, bi dng nng cao tay ngh, chun ha gio vin tiu hc. Cng vi cuc vn ng Ngy ton dn a con em n trng, phong tro V sch ch p, pht m ng chun ting Vit; vit ng ng php, chnh t c pht ng trong hc sinh, phong tro thi ua dy tt, hi thi, thao ging a cuc vn ng qun l trng tiu hc t kt qu. Trong nhng nm u ti lp tnh, gio dc Ph Yn gp nhiu kh khn, thin tai lin tip xy ra nhng t l hc sinh b hc v lu ban Ph Yn thp hn cc tnh duyn hi min Trung54. iu ni ln s quyt tm c gng n lc vt bc ca nhn dn v ngnh gio dc Ph Yn trong vic duy tr v pht trin phong tro gio dc ca tnh. Thc hin vic tch trng tiu hc ra khi trng ph thng c s l vic khng n gin, nhng cc a phng n lc tin hnh c kp thi, t 72 trng ph thng c s trong ton tnh nm 1989 n nm 2000 cn li 12 trng. Nm 1999, B Gio dc kim tra v cng nhn 2 trng tiu hc Lc Long Qun (th x Tuy Ha) v trng tiu hc s 1 Ph Lm (Huyn Tuy Ha) t trng chun Quc gia. l hai n v trng tiu hc u tin ca tnh theo m hnh ging dy ton din cho ton cp hc. n thng 5 nm 2000, 5 trng tiu hc:
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Ngun Tng cc thng k NXB Thng k H Ni 01/1997

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tiu hc Ph Lm 2, tiu hc Ph Lm 3, tiu hc s 1 Ha Hip Trung, tiu hc s 1 Ha Thnh, (huyn Tuy Ha), tiu hc s 1 Xun Phc (ng Xun) cng c cng nhn trng t chun Quc gia. Thc hin Lut ph cp gio dc tiu hc v Lut bo v chm sc v gio dc tr em, ngay trong nhng nm u ti lp tnh tuy cn nhiu kh khn, UBND tnh quyt nh thnh lp Trng nui dy tr em khuyt tt, sau i tn l Trng Nim Vui55. Nm 1997 trng Nim Vui vinh d nhn qu tng ca ng ch Tng b th Mi gm 1 t 300 triu ng, cng vi ngn sch t ngun x s kin thit ca tnh, mt ngi trng khang trang, p gm nh hc, k tc x, nh khch cng v quc t c ra i... Nm hc 1997-1998 trng nhn gn 100 hc sinh khuyt tt vo hc. Hiu trng u tin ca trng l thy L Vn Thng. Cng thi gian ny, Trung tm Vng tay m ti th x Tuy Ha cng c ra i, tp hp hng trm tr em m ci lang thang c nh v y hc tp. ng Nguyn Quc Th, mt cn b ca th x Tuy Ha v ngh hu, l ngi c cng ln i vi Trung tm. V i ng gio vin tiu hc, vo nhng nm u ti lp tnh v thc hin c ch i mi kinh t-x hi, tnh hnh gio dc gp nhiu kh khn, nhiu gio vin chuyn ngnh, b ngh dy hc gy tnh trng thiu gio vin khng n nh trong nh trng. Nh s c gng ca ton ngnh, s n lc ca trng Trung hc S phm Ph Yn o to gio vin khng nhng b s gio vin b dy m cn p ng cho yu cu pht trin s lng v nng cao cht lng ca gio vin tiu hc. n nm 2000 c 78,69% gio vin tiu hc t chun o to trung hc s phm h 9+3 ri nng ln h 12+2; mt s c o to trn chun (Cao ng tiu hc, hoc i hc tiu hc), m bo t l 1,11 gio vin mi lp v c gio vin th dc, m nhc, m thut, ngoi ng 9 mn hc. Ton tnh c 80% tng s gio vin t chun THSP (h 12+2 ). Ngy 28-11-1990, Tnh y Ph Yn ra ch th s 12-CT/TU y mnh cng tc xa m ch v ph cp gio dc tiu hc v ngy 20/3/1995, UBND tnh ra Ch th s 13.CT/UB tng cng cng tc x hi ha gio dc trn a bn ton tnh. n thng 5-1996, i hi tnh ng b ln th XII, ra Ngh quyt v thi gian hon thnh cng tc xa m ch v ph cp gio dc tiu hc, ton tnh t chun
55

Quyt nh s 1409/Q-UB, ngy 13/9/1993.

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quc gia vo nm 1998. Vi vai tr ch ng, ngnh gio dc t cp tnh, huyn, x ch ng phi hp, lin kt vi cc ban, ngnh, on th tin hnh cuc vn ng gio dc rng ln ny. Hi Lin hip ph n tch cc vn ng ch em cn m ch ra lp xa m, gip gia nh kh khn a con chu ra cc lp ph cp. Lng ghp vi ni dung xa m ch vo nhng chuyn k hoch ha gia nh, nui dy con c khoa hc, trao i kinh nghim trng trt, chn nui, lm kinh t gia nh. Hi Nng dn v hp tc x nng nghip l thnh vin nng ct trong Ban ch o ph cp gio dc sau khi xa m ch, h tr tch cc v c s vt cht duy tr lp hc, gip gia nh kh khn, min gim ng gp ngy cng lao ng cng ch ng vin i tng ra lp, khen thng hc vin, gio vin hon thnh nhim v. on thnh nin cng sn H Ch Minh ng vai tr xung kch trong cc chin dch nh sng vn ha h ti a bn kh khn cc huyn min ni Sn Ha, Sng Hinh. Hng nm, on vin TNCS cc trng chuyn nghip nh Cao ng S phm, Trung cp xy dng, trng trung hc Y t v.v.. v vi bun lng m cc lp hc tnh thng, huy ng c 4500 hc vin ra lp xa m ch v c cng nhn hon thnh cc mc n 94,1%. UBMTTQ Vit Nam thc s ng vai tr trung tm iu hnh cc u mi lin kt li pht huy sc mnh tng hp thc y phong tro. Cc ch tiu Ph cp gio dc v xa m ch c xem l mt ni dung thi ua, ch tiu quan trng cuc vn ng Ton dn on kt xy dng cuc sng mi khu dn c. Qua 4 nm, t 1995-1998 cuc vn ng t nhiu kt qu. T nm 1990 n 1998, ton tnh huy ng 15.081 lt ngi n lp xa m ch, trong c 8.061 ngi c cng nhn bit ch (ht lp 3). n ngy 13/10/1998, ton tnh c 92/98 x, phng, th trn hon thnh chun quc gia v ph cp gio dc tiu hc v xa m ch, t t l 93,8%. Trong , khu vc min ni c 36/42 x, th trn hon thnh chun quc gia v ph cp gio dc tiu hc v xa m ch t t l 85,7%; khu vc ng bng c 56/56 x, phng, th trn hon thnh, t t l 100%. Tip tc lm tt cuc vn ng Ngy ton dn a con em n trng c trn 98% s tr 6 tui n 11 tui c hc trng tiu hc, hn ch tr lu ban di 3%, b hc di 1%, nng dn t l ngi bit ch ln 99% trong din xoa m
134

(15-35 tui); 100% n v trng tiu hc t chun quc gia v PCGD tui 12; huy ng 40% s ngi thot m tham gia cc lp chuyn sau xa m, hoc b tc vn ho tiu hc. Hiu qu o to tng t 40% ln 86,75% (tng 46,75%), tng trung bnh 4% /nm. l mt t l cao, th hin s n lc ng k ca cp tiu hc trong tnh. Thnh tu gio dc tiu hc trong 10 nm (1989-2000), th hin s pht trin nhanh, mng li trng lp hc rng khp t ng bng ven bin n min ni, hi o u c trng tiu hc, khc phc hon ton tnh trng bun lng trng c s gio dc. Ngy ton dn a con em n trng huy ng trn 98% tr em 6 tui vo lp 1. Trong nm hc 1999-2000, c s vt cht cho cp tiu hc c ci thin r rt chm dt tnh trng hc ca 3, khng cn trng lp tm b, c nhiu trng kin c m tiu biu l h thng cc trng ODA, cc trng tng do nhn dn xy dng, trang thit b dy hc c tng cng mt bc, trng tiu hc tr thnh b mt vn ha mi ca lng qu. Cht lng gio dc c tng bc nng cao, vng chc ton din; t l hc sinh lu ban gim t 13,3% nm hc 19901991 xung 2,8% nm hc 1999-2000. Kt qu tng hp ca nn gio dc tiu hc chnh quy v phong tro xa m ch ca qun chng mang li mt s kin lch s trng i l thng 12/1998 tnh Ph Yn c TW cng nhn t chun quc gia v PCGD tiu hc v XMC. 2.2.2. Trung hc c s Gio dc trung hc c s c thc hin trong 4 nm hc, t lp 6 n lp 9. Hc sinh vo lp 6 phi c bng tt nghip tiu hc, tui l 11 tui. Gio dc trung hc c s gip hc sinh c nhng hiu bit ph thng c bn v Ting vit, Ton, Lch s dn tc; kin thc chung v khoa hc x hi, khoa hc t nhin, php lut v tin hc, ngoi ng. C nhng hiu bit ti thiu v k thut v hng nghip tip tc hc ln THPT, trung hc chuyn nghip, hc ngh hoc i vo cuc sng lao ng. Gio dc trung hc c s da vo ni dung c bn m B Gio dc qui nh, 5 ni dung th hin r v th gii quan, nhn sinh quan cho hc sinh. Gio dc t tng, chnh tr, php lut, o c v cch c x. Cung cp cho hc sinh c nhng hiu bit s ng v ngun gc vt cht ca th gii; v s pht trin ca t nhin v x hi; v mi lin h gia cc s vt, hin tng ca th gii chung quanh; hiu
135

ngha ca lao ng trong s hnh thnh con ngi, vai tr v sc mnh ca con ngi trong vic ci tin t nhin x hi v con ngi56 Bn cnh nhng ni dung yu cu trn, B Gio dc v o to lun quan tm n vic i mi ni dung v phng php dy hc t n tnh hon chnh, hon thin trong cng tc o to con ngi mi x hi ch ngha. Hng hc sinh vo i sng lao ng c ch hoc vo trng hc ngh, hoc hng i ln hc tip trung hc ph thng. Chng trnh v sch gio khoa thay i, ni dung khc phc nhng khim khuyt ca b sch c nh thin v l thuyt, t tnh thc tin, t rn k nng thc hnh, nhiu ch khng p ng c cuc sng hin ti. B GD-T ch o bin son sch mi tng phn thc hnh, thc tin. T l l thuyt thc hnh l 1/1... tch hp mn Ting vit v mn Vn thnh ngn Ng vn, gim xung 4tit/tun lp 6, tng cng cc mn x hi nhn vn, tin hc, k thut. Sch gio khoa mi va cung cp ni dung, va hng dn phng php t hc. Chng trnh mi rt ch n cc hot ng ngoi gi ln lp bao gm cc hot ng th dc, th thao, vui chi, tham gia cng tc x hi nhm tng cng vn dng tri thc hc vo cuc sng, c bit tng cng k nng giao tip, ng x c vn ha, lm cho qu trnh hc tp ca hc sinh c sinh ng hng th v nng ng hn. Trong nhng nm t 1989-1995, nn kinh t x hi nc ta trong thi k u thc hin cng cuc i mi, i sng cn kh khn nn nhiu hc sinh khng iu kin hc tip ln cp hc cao hn, hc sinh trung hc c s tng chm. Trong 4 nm t 28.649 hc sinh (nm 1989-1990) tng ln 31.058 (nm hc 1992-1993) chim (8,4%). Sau , s lng hc sinh tng dn, nm 1992-1993 t 31.058 hc sinh tng ln 62.112 trong nm 2000. Trong 10 nm, hc sinh trung hc c s tng 216,46%. Hiu qu o to trng trung hc c s t 42% (nm hc 19921993) tng ln 68% (nm hc 1998-1999). S hc sinh lu ban gim t 7,8% (nm hc 1990-1991) xung 1,7% (nm hc 1999-2000), s hc sinh b hc gim t 28,3% (nm hc 1990-1991) xung 2,1% (nm hc 1999-2000). n nm 2000, ton tnh c 81/101 x phng c trng trung hc c s. Trong 20 x cha c trng trung hc c s nh huyn ng Xun c 1 x, huyn Sng Cu 2 x, huyn Tuy An 3 x, huyn Sn Ha 7 x, huyn Sng Hinh 6 x v huyn Tuy Ha 1 x.
56

Theo Quyt nh s 305/GDT ca B trng B gio dc, ngy 26/3/1986.

136

2.2.3. Trung hc ph thng Gio dc trung hc ph thng nhm gip hc sinh cng c v pht trin nhng kt qu ca trung hc c s hon thin hc vn trung hc ph thng v nhng hiu bit thng thng v k thut v hng nghip tip tc hc i hc, Cao ng, Trung hc chuyn nghip, hc ngh hoc i vo cuc sng lao ng. Thc hin ch trng th im phn ban, nm hc 1994-1995, Ph Yn tin hnh thc hin 2 trng THPT Nguyn Hu v THPT Ng Gia T, nm hc 19951996 m rng thm 2 trng PTTH Phan nh Phng v THPT chuyn Lng Vn Chnh, nm hc 1996-1997 tip tc m rng thm 5 trng: PTTH Trn Ph, THPT L li, THPT L Hng Phong, THPT L Trung Kin, THPT Trn Quc Tun v n nm hc 1999-2000 l nm hc cui cng ca th im phn ban. Thi im ny hc sinh c xu hng ng k hc ban A nhiu hn ban C nn s lng hc sinh vo ban A chim t l kh cao (53,27%), ban C t hn (19,55%), ban B chng trnh nng nn vic dy v gp kh khn (26,1%). Nh s tp trung ch o v to iu kin thun li, nn kt qu hc tp v thi tt nghip PTTH cc trng v lp phn ban t kt qu cao hn cc trng, lp hc theo chng trnh i tr. Trng THPT chuyn Lng Vn Chnh c thnh lp t nm 1990 l mt n v in hnh o to cht lng cao trong h thng 62 trng chuyn trong c nc lc by gi. T nm 1990 n 2000, trng o to c 1.032 hc sinh hu ht cc b mn trng ph thng, c 1.032 hc sinh lp 12 cc kha tt nghip t t l 100%, 9 em th khoa cc k thi t ti, 492 em t gii hc sinh cp tnh, 56 em t hc sinh gii cp Quc gia. Thi hc sinh gii Olimpic cc tnh pha Nam i Ph Yn cng t nhiu gii cao, xp v th cao trong khu vc. Hng nm, hc sinh trng Lng Vn Chnh trng tuyn vo cc trng i hc, Cao ng vi t l cao, c nhiu em trng tuyn vo 2,3 trng mt lc. Trong 9 nm, trng c 1.055 lt hc sinh trng tuyn vo i hc, c n 20 em t th khoa, c 8 em hc sinh c i du hc. Trng chuyn Lng Vn Chnh xng ng c vinh d nhn nhiu phn thng v bng khen ca S Gio dc, UBND tnh, ca B Gio dc v Hun chng lao ng hng Ba ca Nh nc trao tng. cht lng o to c nng cao, i ng gio vin PTTH c quan tm gii quyt s lng, tng i ng b v cc b mn. T 421 gio vin cp 3
137

trong nm hc 1989-1990 ln n 811 gio vin trong nm hc 2000-2001, s lng tng gp bi. Cht lng c nng cao bng cc ch trng o to v thc hin tt cc chu k bi dng ca B ra do trng HSP Hu ph trch. n nm 2001, c 98% gio vin c chun ha, mt s v ang hc sau i hc. Trong 10 nm t 1990-2000, ton tnh c 27.827 hc sinh tt nghip trung hc ph thng, 57.326 lt d thi vo cao ng, i hc (tnh lt v c th d thi 2,3 trng cho 1 th sinh) v c 10.738 lt hc sinh trng tuyn vo cc trng cao ng, i hc t t l trung bnh l 23,39%/nm; s hc sinh ngi dn tc trng tuyn vo cac ng, o hc l 2.79%/nm. So vi tnh hnh chung ca c nc, y l mt ch s rt ng mng ni ln cht lng o to cp trung hc ph thng. Bn cnh cng tc bi dng hc sinh gii cng c quan tm ng mc, i tuyn hc sinh gii ton quc tnh Ph Yn tham gia d thi bng A (bao gm cc a phng mnh nh H Hi, Hu, thnh ph H Ch Minh, Nng, Nam nh, ) t t 8 gii, 12 gii, 13 gii nhng nm hc trc 1993, n nm hc 19941995 tng ln 19 gii, 22 gii. Nhng nm hc 1995-1999 hc sinh Trung hc ph thng tng ln. S hc sinh tt nghip trung hc c s nm 1989-1990 vo hc lp 10 ch chim 55%, n nm hc 1999-2000 tng ln 85%. Tng s hc sinh trung hc ph thng trong 10 nm t 1989-2000 tng t 50628 hc sinh ln 23.048 hc sinh, tng gp 4 ln. S hc sinh b hc t 7,3 % (nm hc 1990-1991) gim xung 1%, nm hc 1997-1998 v nhng nm sau na l khng ng k. T l hc sinh trung hc ph thng theo hc cc trng ngoi cng lp (bn cng v dn lp) chim 39% tng s hc sinh trung hc. Ti huyn Tuy Ha c 7 trng trung hc ph thng th c n 04 trng trung hc ph thng bn cng, l trng Nguyn Trng T Ph Lm, trng Nguyn Cng Tr Ha Vinh, trng Nguyn Th Minh Khai Ha Bnh v dn lp L Thnh Tn Ha Xun. Nh m rng loi hnh trng ngoi cng lp to iu kin thu nhn ht s hc sinh tt nghip trung hc c s c nhu cu vo hc lp 10, mt mt y mnh x hi ha gio dc, ng thi gim ti cho cc trng trung hc ph thng cng lp. i vi b mn ngoi ng, trong nhng nm u thp k 90, theo chng trnh thng nht trong nh trng ph thng hc hai th ting Nga, Anh. Song, v Lin X sp , tnh hnh khch quan v tm l ngi hc ting Nga khng tn ti
138

c, lnh o S nhanh chng a trn 50 gio vin ting Nga i hc ting Anh va bo v i ng gio vin Ting Nga, va o to nhanh i ng gio vin ting Anh. C s trng Cao ng S phm Ph Yn chuyn t Nha Trang v Ph Yn lp ngay khoa ngoi ng c c ting Anh, ting Php o to gio vin cp II. S Gio dc c 20 gio vin ting Anh va tt nghip CSP tip tc ra HSP Hu o to c nhn ting Anh, ng thi mi chuyn gia tnh nguyn ngi Anh v dy ti trng CSP v trng chuyn Lng Vn Chnh. Thi gian 5 nm, i ng gio vin ting Anh ca tnh t 28 gio vin nm 1990 tng 32 gio vin nm 1991 v 68 gio vin nm 1996. Vic phc hi ting Php nh trng tnh Ph Yn cng c ngha v hot ng vn ha - hu ngh tt p. T nm hc 1991-1992, S Gio dc c mi lin h vi Trung tm ph bin ting Php Hu. Nm hc 1992-1993, Ph Yn tham gia vo chng trnh hp tc vn ha gio dc Php- Vit Nam, l mt trong s 17 tnh c Ging dy tng cng ting Php t lp 1 do Chnh ph Php ti tr. S lng gio vin ngoi ng ting Anh - ting Php tng p ng yu cu. T nm hc 1994-1995, cc trng Trung hc ph thng trong tnh u hc ngoi ng t lp 10, ngha l ton b cp PTTH, nm hc 1997-1998 ph kn cc lp hc ngoi ng t lp 6 ngha l ton b cp THCS. n nm hc 1999-2000, ton tnh c 16 trng Tiu hc vi 4.699 hc sinh c hc Ting Anh, 2 trng tiu hc vi 14 lp v 1.046 em hc sinh c hc Ting Php theo chng trnh ting Php tng cng. Tnh trong ton tnh t l hc sinh ting Anh l 90%, ting Php l 10%. 1 Tnh l nh Ph Yn ta xy dng c 1 phong tro hc ngoi ng trng Ph thng cng nh trong nhn dn l 1 c gng rt ln ng c ghi nhn.

Pht trin trng phng hc - lp - hc sinh - gio vin PTTH (1989- 2000)
Trng Nm hc C2 +3 PTTH 12 12 6 Phng lp hc hc 127 116 139 159 142 141 T l lp/ph 1,25 1,22 1,01 Hc sinh 5628 4773 4975 T l HS/Lp 35,40 33,61 35,28 Gio vin 421 395 418 T l GV/lp 2,65 2,78 2,96 139

NH 89-90 90-91 91-92 7

92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-2000

8 10 10 11 11 10 9 6

8 7 7 7 7 9 12 15

157 161 200 242 258 307 319

170 186 218 248 280 335 383 457

1,08 1,16 2,24 1,16 1,30 1,25 1,43

6246 7661 9281 10835 12055 14714 17440 21319

36,74 41,19 42,57 43,69 43,05 43,92 45,54 46,65

507 425 509 525 538 544 601 624

2,98 2,28 2,33 2,12 1,92 1,62 1,57 1,37

Qua bng thng k cho thy trong 10 nm (t nm 1989-2000) s hc sinh PTTH tng gn 4 ln, s lp hc tng 2,5 ln, s gio vin tng 1,5. S lng hc sinh tng rt mnh, quy m rt ln, trong lc s lng gio vin cp 3, lp hc tng chm, khng tng ng vi yu cu. y l vn ca u th k XXI. 2.3. Pht trin gio dc min ni, hi o Ph Yn c 3 huyn min ni vi 36 x, th trn. Mi huyn u c x vng cao v ngi dn tc thiu s sng xen k vi ngi Kinh hoc ri rc trn nhiu a bn him tr. Ton tnh c trn 30.000 ngi dn tc, gm dn tc E, Bn, Chm Hroi, Ty, Nng, trong 4 huyn, th x cn li a phng no cng c x min ni, bn o, vng kh khn. Do nhng c im ni trn nn vn pht trin kinh t-vn ha-x hi gp rt nhiu kh khn. Huyn Sng Hinh, t nm 1975 n 1985 vn l vng t hoang vu ca huyn Sn Ha, n nm 1985 huyn Sng Hinh thnh lp. Huyn ng Xun tnh hnh gio dc thun li hn. Song 3 huyn min ni sau nm 1975 c 5 trng cp I v 1 trng cp II ng Xun. Tng cng khong 700 hc sinh. n nhng nm 1990, tnh hnh gio dc c s chuyn bin tt. Ti Th trn La Hai (ng Xun), tnh ch trng m thm trng cp II-III. Bn cnh trng ph thng, cc lp b tc vn ho c lp ra ging dy cho cn b, thanh nin. Nng trng Sn Thnh (huyn Tuy Ha) c trng Ph thng lao ng cp IIIII va hc, va lm. Tnh trng thiu gio vin, thiu phng hc cn ph bin. Nhiu ni hc sinh phi hc ca 3. Do vy, s lng hc sinh pht trin chm, cht lng yu km ko di trong nhiu nm lin cha th khc phc c. l cha k mt s x, bun cn tnh trng trng v gio dc.

140

Thc hin Ngh quyt 22 ca B Chnh tr, Quyt nh s 72 ca Hi ng b trng v Ch th s 525 ca Th tng Chnh ph tc ng thc y gio dc min ni pht trin. Hnh thc t chc lng ghp thu ht tr em cc bun lng n lp, xy dng c h thng 4 trng ni tr Dn tc (1 trng tnh, 3 trng huyn). Theo thng k nm hc 1989-1990 tng s hc sinh 3 huyn min ni c 16.430 em, c th: Huyn Sng Hinh c 2.707 hc sinh; huyn sn Ha c 5.388hs; huyn ng Xun c 7.744 hc sinh; trng ph thng cp II-III L Li c 315 hc sinh v trng ph thng cp II-III Sn Ha c 186 hc sinh; trng ph thng cp II-III Sn Thnh c 90 hc sinh. Trong s, hc sinh ngi dn tc thiu s l 3.294 em, ch yu l hc sinh ngi dn tc , Bana v chm Hroi. T khi ti lp tnh (7/1989), Tnh y, HND tnh, UBND tnh c nhng quan tm su st, c th i vi gio dc min ni v dn tc. khc phc tnh trng gio dc cn km pht trin, cht lng cha cao, gio vin thiu v yu, k hp HND kha II, k hp th IV t ngy 28 n 31/7/1990 ra Ngh quyt v gio dc trong c ghi: Gi ch lun chuyn gio vin t min xui ln min ni, khng thu hc ph i vi cc cp min ni. ng thi, UBND tnh c ch chnh sch c th a gio vin lun chuyn gia ng bng v min ni57. Nm hc 1992-1993, huyn Sng Hinh ch c 13 hc sinh ln lp 10 nn cha iu kin thnh lp trng cp III. to iu kin thun li vic dy v hc ca cn b v hc sinh min ni, thng 9 nm 1992 UBND tnh c quyt nh thnh lp trng cp II-III Sng Hinh do thy Nguyn on lm Hiu trng. Nm 1995, 36 x ca 3 huyn min ni u c trng lp hc. Trung tm x Ea-Lm huyn Sng Hinh, ngi trng c xy dng vi 4 phng hc khang trang, c b ng nc, c 229 hc sinh ngi dn tc v 9 gio vin. Trm y t cng c xy dng, dn lng di nh n 2 bn ng ng c. EaLm tr thnh im sng vn ha c bng ln gia i ngn Sng Hinh. Cc x Eaba, Eab, Sng Hinh, Bung Kt, Bung Bu, Bung c, Eatrn v cc x Phc Tn (bun Ma-

57

Ch th s 36 CT/UBND, ngy 20/9/1990.

141

gao, Ma I, Ma giy), Sn Hi, C Li, Ha Ngi (Sn nh), Ph M, K L, X Thoi (ng Xun), HoDanh, Ho Ngha (Sng Cu). Cui nm 1995, tng s hc sinh dn tc min ni c hc trong 4 trng ni tr l 507 em (ng Xun: 100 hc sinh; Sn Ha: 157 hc sinh; Sng Hinh: 100 hc sinh v trng dn tc Ni tr tnh: 150 hc sinh). n nm 2000, c 600 hc sinh ngi dn tc c hc cc trng DTNT. Ph Yn l tnh c t l hc sinh vo hc cc trng ni tr dn tc hng cao trong c nc. S hc sinh 3 huyn min ni mi nm c tng trng r rt nh nm 1995 c 5.368 hc sinh n nm 2000 ln 7.815 hc sinh . Nhng ch chnh sch i vi gio vin min ni, hc sinh dn tc, tng cng u t v c s vt cht mang li nhiu tin b r rt cho gio dc min ni, mang li c hi hc tp cho cc dn tc anh em gp phn lm cho i sng kinh t - x hi min ni ca tnh pht trin. Bn cnh vic pht trin gio dc min ni, vng dn tc thiu s, gio dc vng ven bin, hi o cng c ngnh quan tm ng mc. Nm hc 1994-1995, S GD-T t chc hi ngh tng kt nh gi s pht trin ca gio dc vng ni, dn tc, vng ven bin, hi o. Nu nh gio dc vng ni c nhng bc khi sc t XMC-PCGD/TH n THCS, PTTH th gio dc vng ven bin hi o c nhng chuyn mi rt ng phn khi. T huyn Sng Cu n huyn Tuy An, th x Tuy Ha n huyn Tuy Ha, cc lp hc mm non, PCGD/TH-XMC c hnh thnh v pht trin. x Xun Lc- Sng Cu c thy Phc v Hi Ch thp lp 2 lp hc tr em ngho, m ci. C gio Cnh Xun vi cc lp Mm non x Xun Cnh. Bn o T Nham c Ban nhn dn thn lp cc lp tiu hc trn o Tuy An, thy Hunh Xun o ph trch cc lp PCGD/TH-XMC x An Hi. huyn Tuy Ha, cc x Ha Hip, Ha Tm u c s quan tm n s pht trin gio dc cc vng ven bin. ng gp cho gio dc vng ven bin, hi o Ph Yn l ni n cc thy gio mang qun hm xanh v vai tr ca cc n v b i Bin phng cc huyn Sng Cu, Tuy An, Th x Tuy Ha v Huyn Tuy Ha. H va l anh, l ch va l nhng thy gio rt thn thin ca cc em, cc chu. III. H THNG CC TRNG TRUNG HC CHUYN NGHIP V CAO NG TRUNG TM GIO DC

142

Trc thng 04/1975, Ph Yn hu nh khng c mt c s o to ngh ngoi mt trng Nng-Lm-Sc nh nhoi Ha An. Sau ngy gii phng, Ban B th Trung ng ng c Ch th s 222-CT-TW ngy 17/6/1975, nu r phi tng bc bin cc trng i hc v chuyn nghip Min Nam thnh ni o to bi dng cn b cho s nghip cch mng, xy dng ch mi, kinh t mi, con ngi mi. c s h tr tch cc ca cc B chuyn ngnh, cc trng dy ngh, Trung hc chuyn nghip, Cao ng, i hc c phc hi, ci to v xy dng mi cc tnh min Nam. T 1980, thc hin Ngh quyt 14-NQ/TW Tch cc m rng v hon chnh mng li cc trng i hc, Cao ng v cc trng THCN Trung ng v cc a phng theo yu cu pht trin ca t nc v cc mt kinh t, vn ha, x hi v quc phng (1), tnh Ph Yn tng bc hnh thnh, xy dng v pht trin ngnh gio dc chuyn nghip. Trn a bn tnh, c h thng cc trng trung hc chuyn nghip v cao ng trc thuc cc B do Trung ng qun l v cc trng chuyn nghip trc thuc a phng do tnh qun l. 3.1.Cc trng do TW qun l - Trng Cao ng xy dng s 3. p ng kp thi nhu cu cn b ngnh xy dng cho cc tnh Nam Trung B v Ty Nguyn, ngy 14 thng 2 nm 1976 B xy dng ra Quyt nh s 85/Q-TCCB thnh lp trng Trung hc Xy dng s 6 ng ti Th x Tuy Ha - Ph Yn. 30 cn b u tin ca nh trng c iu ng t cc trng Trung hc xy dng s 1, s 2, s 3 min Bc v cc c quan trong ngnh xy dng. Vi nhng iu kin vt cht ban u thiu thn mi b, trn bi ct trng, di s lnh o ca ng y nh trng, t 1992 n 2004, thy v tr Trng trung hc Xy dng s 6 quyt tm vt qua bao kh khn, gian kh xy dng v mt i ng, chng trnh, c s vt cht p ng nhu cu hc tp. 95% hc sinh, sinh vin ra trng c cc c s sn xut tip nhn s dng. Nhiu ngi tr thnh cn b ch cht ca ngnh xy dng cc tnh min Trung v Ty Nguyn. i ng cn b, gio vin n nm 2000 ln ti 97 ngi (trong c 13 thc s, cao hc, 31 k s xy dng, 28 c nhn cc ngnh).

(1)

Ngh quyt 14 NQ/TW ca B chnh tr Ban CH TW ng Cng sn VN v ci cch gio dc. 143

C s vt cht ca nh trng c xy dng khang trang, kin c y cc tin nghi lm vic, ging dy, hc tp. Qua 25 nm xy dng v trng thnh, Trng trung hc xy dng s 6 c Nh nc tng thng Hun chng lao ng hng Nht, hng Nh, hng Ba, c thng, bng khen ca Th tng Chnh ph, c thng, bng khen ca B xy dng, B Gio dc-o to, ca UBND tnh Ph Khnh v Ph Yn. Trng c B Xy dng ngh v B Gio dc v o to ra Quyt nh s 3069/Q-BGD&T-TCCB ngy 23 thng 5 nm 2001 nng cp thnh trng Cao ng Xy dng s 3. Trng o to cn b, cng nhn cc ngnh ngh k thut xy dng cho 14 tnh duyn hi min Trung v Ty Nguyn phc v cho cng cuc CNH-HH ca c vng. Nhn dn Ph Yn ghi nhn cng lao ca Trng Trung hc Xy dng s 6 trc y v trng CXD s 3 hin nay gp phn xut sc vo cng cuc xy dng v pht trin kinh t x hi, khoa hc k thut, nng cao dn tr v vn ha ca a phng. - Trng Trung hc k thut - cng nghip Tuy Ha. Cng trn a bn th x Tuy Ha ngay t nm 1978, Cc a cht c Quyt nh s 281/Q-TC thnh lp trng Trung hc a cht II, p ng o to ngun nhn lc v nhu cu xy dng t nc trong ha bnh. n cui nm 1991, trng c B Cng nghip nng Quyt nh i tn trng Trung hc k thut cng nghip Tuy Ha58 p ng vic o to ngun nhn lc cho c khu vc min Trung v Ty nguyn trong thi k t nc i mi. Trng tr thnh trung tm o to a ngnh (gn 20 ngnh ngh). Cng tc nghin cu khoa hc c bc pht trin, cc ti nghin cu tp trung khoa hc cng ngh v c kh nh: X l cht c hi Xyanua, ng dng Multimedia xy dng cc bi m phng ng cho dy hc t ng hay thit k ch to dng dy hc, nh trng c 6 sn phm c tng gii ti cc k thi cp tnh v Quc gia. Nhiu thnh thnh tch t c ca nh trng ghi nhn thng qua s lng hc sinh c o to, nh trng nhn Hun chng Lao ng hng Ba vo nm 1998, hng Nh nm 2003 v c thi ua ca B cng nghip, ca tnh Ph Yn trao tng. - Hc vin ngn hng phn vin Ph Yn. Tri qua gn 30 nm xy dng v trng thnh lch s k tip nhau ca qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin t trng Trung hc Ngn hng 2 TW n chi nhnh
58

Theo Quyt nh s 575 Q/TC ngy 21-12-1991, B Cng nghip nng. 144

Trung tm o to v nghin cu khoa hc Ngn hng v ngy nay l Hc vin Ngn hng-Phn vin Ph Yn. Trong qu trnh thc hin nhim v, cht lng o to lun l ni dung c Ban lnh o nh trng, cc khoa, phng, B mn quan tm hng u, thc hin phng chm dy tt, hc tt, phc v tt. Cht lng c nng cao dn. S hc sinh kh gii hng nm t trn 20%. Sinh vin tt nghip ra trng c cc c s tip nhn, nh gi cao. 27 nm Hc vin Ngn hng-Phn vin Ph Yn o to v s sinh vin tt nghip, tng s sinh vin tt nghip cc h l 7.272/8.497 t t l 85,58%. l mt t l cao. Nm 1996, Ch tch nc CHXHCNVN tng Hun chng lao ng hng Ba v nhiu tp th Khoa, Phng, Ban v c nhn c Th tng Chnh ph, B, ngnh v Tnh tng bng khen. 3.2. Cc trng do Tnh qun l - Trng Trung hc Kinh t - K thut Ph Yn. Ngoi cc trng trung ng ng trn a bn th x Tuy Ha cn c mt s trng trung cp trc thuc a phng qun l nh Trng Trung hc Kinh t K thut Ph Yn. y l ngi trng c kh nng o to p ng kp thi yu cu i ng lao ng c trnh k thut phc v cng cuc pht trin nng nghip ca a phng. u nm 1976, UBND tnh Ph Khnh ra quyt nh thnh lp Trng nng nghip Ha An, th x Tuy Ha trn c s tip qun trng NngLm-Sc ca ch c. Nh trng o to trnh s cp nng nghip vi 2 ngnh trng trt v chn nui th y, phc v cho cc hp tc x nng nghip, cc nng trng, trm tri quc doanh nng nghip. Ngy 28 thng 7 nm 1977, UBND tnh Ph Khnh ra Quyt nh s 1360/Q-TC.UB thnh lp Trng Hp tc ha nng nghip do cc ng ch Nguyn Quyn, Nguyn Khi v V Tm T ph trch. Nh trng o to bi dng hng trm cn b qun l, cn b nghip v cho cc hp tc x nng nghip gp phn tch cc trong phong tro hp tc ha nng nghip ca tnh Ph Khnh. Ngy 12/03/1980 trng Trung hc nng nghip trn c s nng cp trng nng nghip Ha An. Ngy 28/7/1988, hp nht trng Trung hc Nng nghip v trng hp tc ha nng nghip thnh Trng Trung hc nng nghip Ph Khnh, t ti th trn Ph Lm, huyn Tuy Ha. Sau khi ti lp Tnh, thng 7 nm 1989 trng c i tn thnh Trng Trung hc nng nghip Ph Yn.
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Trng o to 5 ngnh chuyn mn: trng trt, chn nui th y, lm sinh, kinh t nng lm nghip, nui trng thy sn. Thng 12 nm 1995, UBND tnh Ph Yn ra quyt nh i tn trng Trung hc nng nghip thnh Trng trung hc kinh t K thut Ph Yn di s qun l trc tip ca S nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn. Qua trn 25 nm xy dng v pht trin, nh trng ng vng v c bc pht trin mi vi a dng phong ph ngnh ngh o to vi cc hnh thc tp trung chnh quy, va hc va lm, hng nghip ngh cho hc sinh ph thng, hc sinh dn tc thiu s, bi dng cn b qun l hp tc x. Nh trng cn lin kt o to chuyn ngnh i hc nng nghip . Hng nm, nh trng tuyn sinh khong 200-250 hc sinh chnh quy, 100-150 hc vin ti chc, 50-100 sinh vin i hc ti chc, gp phn tch cc cho nhu cu pht trin nng nghip ca tnh. - Trng Trung hc Y t Ph Yn. p ng yu cu chm sc sc khe v cha bnh cho nhn dn trong tnh, sau khi ti lp tnh, tip nhn 169 hc sinh, 3 gio vin v mt s ti liu t i t trng Trung hc Y t Ph Khnh chuyn giao, S Y t Ph Yn nhanh chng xc tin vic thnh lp c s o to cn b y t cho tnh. Ngy 8/01/1991 UBND tnh Ph Yn ra quyt nh s 21/Q-UB thnh lp trng Trung hc y t Ph Yn. Sau 10 nm phn u xy dng v trng thnh, trng Trung hc y t c mt c s vt cht khang trang, t tiu chun chuyn mn o to cn b y khoa, c th vin v vn cy thuc nam phong ph. i ng gio vin t 3 ngi n nm hc 2001 nh trng c 31 gio vin chuyn trch v kim chc (3 thc s, 12 chuyn khoa 1, 70% CB CNV c trnh i hc, 98% gio vin chuyn trch qua o to s phm bc 2). T nm 1990 n nm 2001, trng o to c 1926 hc sinh, trong c 1.153 hc sinh h Trung hc v 773 hc sinh h s hc. Nh trng c Bng khen ca Th tng Chnh ph, bng khen ca B y t, 9 bng khen ca UBND Tnh, bc s Phm nh Thi c Nh nc phong tng danh hiu Thy thuc u t. - Trng Chnh tr Tnh Ph Yn. i vi s ra i ca Trng chnh tr tnh th ngay t sau cch mng thng Tm nm 1945, phc v cho cng cuc xy dng, bo v chnh quyn cch mng non tr, tin hnh cuc khng chin chng Php thng li, ngy 14 thng 11 nm
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1949 Tnh y Ph Yn quyt nh thnh lp Trng o to cn b cng nng tnh Ph Yn do ng ch V Hc, Thng v tnh y ph trch, ng ch Vn Gi lm Hiu trng v k tip l cc ng ch Nguyn Ngh (1950) v ng ch Hunh Nu (1953). T gia nm 1961, Tnh y thnh lp Trng ng tnh. Sau ngy ti lp tnh Ph Yn (giai on 1989-1993), trng ng Ph Yn tr li vi nhim v ca chnh mnh l o to, bi dng i ng cn b ng, chnh quyn, on th cc cp xy dng v pht trin nn kinh t x hi Ph Yn trong thi k mi. T Trng o to cn b tnh Ph Yn (1993-1995) n trng Chnh tr tnh Ph Yn (t thng 12-1995) l m hnh mi, va l mt trng hc, li va l mt Ban ca ng, mt c quan ca UBND tnh, c nhim v o to, bi dng cn b ng, Nh nc, on th nhn dn trong tnh. Trng chu s lnh o, ch o trc tip, ton din ca Tnh y, chu s qun l Nh nc ca UBND tnh v hng dn chuyn mn nghip v ca Hc vin hnh chnh quc gia, Hc vin Chnh tr quc gia H Ch Minh. ng ch ng Kim Ba n ng ch Trng Ngc Phng c b nhim Hiu trng nh trng. Cng vi vic tng cng c s vt cht, t chc, i ng cn b lnh o trng, cc khoa, phng, ging vin c cng c, tng cng c s lng v cht lng. Trong 10 nm ti lp tnh t 1989 n 1999, trng Chnh tr tnh m c 168 cc loi lp cc cp, cc ngnh chuyn mn. Vi 14.491 hc vin. - Trng Cao ng S phm Ph Yn. T khi ti lp Tnh, thng 7-1989, trng Trung hc Ph Khnh c i tn li thnh Trng Trung hc S phm Ph Yn. S gio vin v sinh vin ngi Ph Yn ca Trng CSP Nha Trang tr v Th x Tuy Ha lp C s CSP Ph Yn. Thy Nguyn Xun m - nguyn Hiu trng CSP Nha Trang, va l Ph Gim c S GDT Ph Yn, kim Hiu trng C s CSP Ph Yn.Thy Trn Ngc lm Hiu trng Trng trung hc s phm Ph Yn cho n ht nm hc 19891990. Ngy 14-6-1990, UBND tnh Ph Yn ra quyt nh hp nht trng Trung hc S phm v C s cao ng S phm Ph Yn thnh Trng S phm Ph Yn do thy Nguyn Xun m lm Hiu trng, thy Trn Ngc lm Ph Hiu trng. n ht HK1 ca nm hc 1990-1991, thy Nguyn Xun m c b nhim lm Gim c S GD-T Ph Yn, thy Trn Ngc lm Hiu trng Trng
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s phm Ph Yn, cc thy Lm Vn Hip, Nguyn Huy V c b nhim lm Ph Hiu trng. Trong nhng nm 1990-1995, Trng s phm Ph Yn o to c 2.236 gio vin tiu hc v 1.677 gio vin trung hc c s, trong 1.323 gio vin ngoi ng; 354 gio vin cc ngnh hc khc v bi dng chun ha 1.722 gio vin tiu hc v trung hc c s. Thng 9/1993, vi s phi hp ca Vin Nghin cu gio dc i hc v THCN ca B GD-T, S GD-T Ph Yn t chc Hi tho xy dng i hc cng ng Ph Yn, vi s tham d ca ng ch Nguyn Duy Lun, UVBCHTW ng, B th Tnh y v ng ch Trn Minh Mch, PCT UBND tnh cng i din nhiu s, ban, ngnh tham gia. Ti Hi tho khoa hc, ng ch Nguyn Duy Lun, B th Tnh y, y vin Ban chp hnh TW ng ni ln lng mong mun thit tha ca ng b v nhn dn Ph Yn l c c 1 trung tm o to nhn lc bc cao, i ng cn b qun l cn b KHKT phc v cho nhu cu nhanh chng chn hng v pht trin KTXH ca a phng ln ngang tm vi cc tnh bn. Khng c gii php no tt hn l xy dng 1 trng i hc a cp a ngnh Ph Yn. Nguyn vng n cm nh i hc i hc l nguyn vng thit tha ca nhn dn, cng l iu kin thu ht mnh m cht xm ca c nc v vi Ph Yn, nhm khai thc 1 vng t nhiu tim nng nhng hy cn ngho nn. Ngh quyt i hi ng b kha XI v t trnh s 818 ngy 23-6-1994 ca y ban Nhn dn Tnh gi Th tng Chnh ph v vic thnh lp trng i hc cng ng Ph Yn ly trng s phm lm nng ct l ph hp vi thc tin pht trin KT-XH do ng ch Ph Ch tch Trn Minh Mch k. T tng ng n y li c th hin Ngh quyt i hi ln th XII Tnh ng b (1995-2000). T trnh ln th 2 gi ln Th tng Chnh ph s 576/CV-UB ngy 25-91996 do ng ch Ch tch y ban Nhn dn Tnh L Vn Hu k ni ln s kin tr, 1 t tng khoa hc ng n. Ngy 7 thng 4 nm 1994 ng ch Mi, Tng B th ng Cng sn Vit Nam v tnh Ph Yn ginh thi gian thm trng S phm. ng ch Mi ni: Nghe qua bo co ca /c Gim c S Gio dc o to, ca Hiu
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trng trng S phm Ph Yn, Ti thy rng t khi tch tnh n nay, ch trong mt thi gian ngn cc /c lm c nhiu vic v xu hng ca cc cng vic y ang theo tinh thn i mi, ang bt c nhp pht trin ca th gii, ca khu vc v ca t nc ta. Thay mt Trung ng ng, thay mt B Chnh tr, ti xin biu dng thnh tch ca thy v tr ngnh gio dc Ph Yn v Trng S phm Ph Yn. Ngy 25 thng 9 nm 1995 vi Quyt nh s 602/TTg Th tng Chnh ph nng cp Trng trung hc s phm Ph Yn thnh trng Cao ng s phm Ph Yn mt mc son trn con ng pht trin ca ngnh gio dc Ph Yn. Lch s hnh thnh ca Trng CSP Ph Yn cng chnh l lch s ngnh s phm trong h thng nn GD cch mng Ph Yn. 28 nm qua, k t ngy c quyt nh thnh lp Trng S phm min ni (thng 6-1967) n ngy thnh lp Trng CSP Ph Yn (25-9-1995) cc trng s phm ln lt ni tip nhau ra i t trong khi la chin tranh n nhng ngy xy dng ha bnh. Cc th h thy c gio, gio sinh s phm trc y hy sinh phn u hon thnh xut sc s mng m ng v nhn dn giao ph. Trng CSP Ph Yn ngy nay vinh d tip tc ging cao truyn thng v vang ca cc trng s phm tin thn v tip bc trn con ng thnh thang rng m, phc v c lc hn na cho cng cuc pht trin kinh t gio dc tnh nh. Trng CSP Ph Yn qua 10 nm xy dng v pht trin (t 1995 2000) tr thnh trung tm, o to bi dng, nghin cu khoa hc ln nht trong tnh. i ng cn b: 144 CB-Gv-CNV (trong c 1 Tin s, 20 Thc s, 7 hc vin Cao hc). B my hnh chnh: 4 ban, phng (Phng t chcChnh tr; Phng o to; Phng Hnh chnh - Tng hp; Ban qun l K tc x; B my chuyn mn: gn 6 khoa, 2 t v 2 trung tm trc thuc (Khoa Tiu hc mm non, Khoa t nhin, Khoa x hi, khoa Ngoi ng, Khoa Th dc-Nhc ha, Khoa o to-Bi dng ti chc; T Tm l-Gio dc; on i, T Chnh tr-McLnin; Trung tm tin hc, trung tm Ngoi ng). Trng CSP quan tm gio dc ton din, rn luyn ngi sinh vin s phm thnh ngi gio vin kiu mi trong mi trng s phm ph thng cuc sng. c bit ch trng cng tc gio dc o c chnh tr t tng, lng yu ngh mn tr m ng b nh trng l ht nhn trung tm. T mt Chi b vi 11 ng vin trong ngy u xy dng, n nm 2000 tr thnh mt ng b
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ln mnh vi 4 Chi b, 45 ng vin, trong c 7 ng vin l sinh vin s phm. Cc hat ng Cng on, on thanh nin Cng sn H Ch Minh, cng tc hat ng ngoi kha, th dc th thao, vn ngh, cc cuc thi nghip v cp quc gia, khu vc, cp tnh c t chc c chiu su mang tnh nghip v su sc, l c hi sinh vin s phm rn luyn kh nng gio dc ton din cho hc sinh nh trng ph thng. Trong cc cuc hi thi S phm ton quc CSP Ph Yn ginh c 5 huy chng vng, 4 huy chng bc, 6 huy chng ng li nhiu n tng tt p trong lng bn b trong c nc. Nm 2002, nh trng c tng Hun chng lao ng hng Nh v cc Bng khen ca B Gio dc-o to, B Vn ha-Thng tin, B Cng an. Ngy 22 thng 4 nm 2004 c mt cuc Hi tho cp tnh v n thnh lp v xy dng trng i hc Ph Yn do UBND tnh Ph Yn lm ch d n v Vin nghin cu thit k trng hc B GD&T l c quan lp n, S GD&T Ph Yn l c quan phi hp lp n quyt tm xc tin thnh lp mt trng i hc tnh. (Nguyn vng c tr thnh hin thc bng quyt nh ca Chnh ph thnh lp Trng i hc Ph Yn trn c s thng nht 2 trng CSP Ph Yn v Trng Trung hc - K thut Ph yn nm 2007) - Trung tm Gio dc thng xuyn. nhanh chng nng cao trnh vn ha, chuyn mn cho i ng cn b, vin chc, ngy 03/06/1991, UBND tnh ra quyt nh s 402/ Q- UB thnh lp Trung tm o to bi dng ti chc Ph Yn. Ngy 22/6/1993 UBND tnh ra Quyt nh s 747. Q- UB thnh lp Trung tm o to m rng Ph Yn trn c s trung tm o to bi dng ti chc. Trung tm Gio dc thng xuyn tnh tr thnh mt trong nhng n v ngnh gio dc t nhiu thnh tch cao v to c nim tin cy trong tnh. Trong 10 nm, Trung tm Gio dc thng xuyn lin kt o to vi 12 trng i hc, Cao ng, Trung hc chuyn nghip vi 20 ngnh hc v k thut, kinh t, x hi nhn vn nh: Lut, xy dng cu ng, nng nghip, qun tr kinh doanh, kinh doanh tin t, ngoi thng, k ton, ti chnh k ton, in t vin thng, xy dng thy li, thy in, ha thc phm, th vin thng tin, c 2.974 hc sinh, sinh vin tt nghip cc loi hnh o to. Bi dng ngn hn vn ha, nghip v cho 400 hc vin. Trung
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tm vn ln t o to 1.813 hc vin chim 52% tng s hc vin ca trung tm trong nm hc 2001. S u t ca Nh nc cn c hn, trung tm trch t ngun hc ph xy dng c c s vt cht cn thit cho dy v hc, nh phng my vi tnh, th vinnh cho sinh vin xa tr, phng khch Trung tm gp phn ng k vo vic nng cao trnh vn ha chuyn mn nghip v chun ha i ng cn b, cng chc Nh nc. Theo thng k cha y c hn 314 ngi tt nghip cc ngnh hc Trung tm m nhim chc v t trng ph phng ban tr ln. Trong c nhiu ng ch lm cn b lnh o ch cht c quan ng, chnh quyn huyn v Tnh. - Trung tm Ngoi ng ti chc. Nhn thc ng n v nhy bn ca tm quan trng chin lc pht trin Ngoi ng trong thi k CNH, HH t nc v hi nhp quc t, S GD-T Ph Yn thnh lp Trung tm ngoi ng ti chc nhm p ng phong tro hc ngoi ng ca qun chng, thanh nin, cn b ngoi nh trng vn c nhen nhm ngay t nhng ngy u ti lp tnh. Trung tm ngoi ng ti chc Ph Yn c s bo tr ca Trung tm ngoi ng quc gia min Trung- Hu hot ng t nm 1990, n thng 8/1995 Trung tm ngoi ng ti chc Ph Yn c chnh thc thnh lp59 . Nhim v ca Trung tm ngoi ng ti chc Ph Yn c nhim v o to v cp chng ch trnh A,B cho cc th ting Anh, Php theo chng trnh quy nh ca b GD-T quy nh cho cn b cng chc Nh nc, thanh thiu nin v nhn dn lao ng trong tnh. L n v trc thuc S GD-T vi nguyn tc ti chnh ly thu b chi. Trong 10 nm hot ng Trung tm ging dy trn 10.000 lt ngi theo hc, cp c 6.619 chng ch A, 1.370 chng ch B v 116 chng ch C. trin khai ch th 422/TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic o to ngoi ng cho cn b cng chc nh nc. T thng 8-1996, Ban t chc chnh quyn tnh giao cho TTNNTC thc hin 5 kha o to, tng s 1720 lt ngi ng k theo hc c 1183 ngi t chng ch A,B,C, hiu sut o to l 68,78%. trong c 644 chng ch A ( t t l 54,45%); 399 chng ch B ( t l 61,96%) so vi tng s chng ch A v 140 chng ch C (t l 35,96%) so vi tng s chng ch B. - Trung tm Tin hc.
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Quyt nh s 1010/Q- UB ca UBND tnh Ph Yn

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S GD-T Ph Yn cng sm tip cn vi Tin hc. T nhng nm 19911992 S t chc hi tho Tin hc trong s pht trin kinh t-vn ha-x hi trong nh trng. n nm 1992 Trung tm Tin hc trc thuc S GD-T c thnh lp do thy Nguyn Hng Nghi lm Gim c. o to gio vin kp thi p ng cho vic dy Tin hc trong nh trng, nm 1995, S GD-T sp nhp Trung tm Tin hc vo trng CSP. Ngnh Tin hc tr thnh mt m s o to ca trng; c tng cng trang thit b, cn b ging dy, ngoi nhim v o to gio vin Tin hc cho trng THCS , cho cc Trung tm k thut tng hp - hng nghip huyn, Trung tm m cc lp tin hc thc hnh cc chng ch A, B cho hc sinh ph thng v thanh nin th x. Cc Trung tm k thut tng hp v hng nghip huyn, mt s trng PTTH cc S, Ban ngnh, cc Phng gio dc huyn. - Cc lp b tc vn ha ti chc. Vo nhng nm gia thp k 90 theo yu cu chun ha cn b cng chc ca Chnh ph, phong tro hc b tc vn ha c t chc si ni cc trng PTTH, cc huyn th. Cc k thi tt nghip h BTVH cp THCS, THPT thu ht hng ngn ngi d thi. Cha ni n cht lng hc tp, thi thi c, du sao vic c gng i hc, i thi b tc vn ha cng l iu ng khch l. Vic t chc thi c cng c ci tin tt hn qua tng nm hc. - Trung tm Gio dc Lao ng, K thut tng hp, Hng nghip. Ngay sau khi ti lp tnh, S GD-T thnh lp Trung tm gio dc k thut tng hp tnh do thy Trn Vn Chng lm Gim c. Trung tm ny c quy m ln lm ht nhn cho h thng Trung tm gio dc cc huyn. n nm 2000 ton tnh d c 7 Trung tm cc huyn. Cc trung tm ny tham gia o to ngh ph thng, ngh ngn hn, chuyn giao cng ngh v.v ch yu l o to ngh ph thng v k thut ng dng cho hc sinh cc trng ph thng v chuyn ban. Song so vi yu cu trong thi k mi, cc Trung tm gio dc cn nhiu bt cp, trc ht l vn nhn thc, cha qun trit c y chc nng, nhim v ca Trung tm gio dc trong cc cp ch do gio dc nn cha c s tng cng u t mnh m v c s vt cht k thut, cha c i ng ging vin tng xng, b my qun l yu, khng ng b, s phi hp gia Trung tm vi cc Trng Ph

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thng trong cng tc dy ngh cho hc sinh cha c cht ch, c cu gio vin ngnh ngh cha hp l. TTGDLD ca Tnh v cc huyn ang c k hoch cng c v tng cng cc iu kin cn thit p ng c yu cu ca cng tc gio dc lao ng trong nh trng. IV. XY DNG NG V CC T CHC ON TH T chc ng Di s lnh o ca ng, nn gio dc cch mng Vit Nam ni chung v gio dc Ph Yn ni ring lun c t chc v pht trin theo s trng thnh ca cch mng. ng lnh o qua ng li, mc tiu gio dc, qua chng trnh, ni dung gio dc. Trong cng cuc xy dng ho bnh, nhng ng vin trong ngnh gio dc c tp hp, cun ht i ng gio vin cng thc hin mc tiu nng cao dn tr, o to nhn lc, bi dng nhn ti, bin nhng Ngh quyt ca ng v k hoch xy dng pht trin kinh t-x hi thnh hin thc trong cuc sng. T s lng ng vin t i trong nhng ngy u cch mng, qua cc thi k u tranh cch mng nht l qua 2 cuc khng chin chng Php v chng M cu nc, i ng ng vin cng sn trong ngnh gio dc ngy cng ng o v c ti luyn vng vng, h pht huy mnh m truyn thng tt p y vo cng cuc xy dng nh trng mi phc v cho s nghip pht trin kinh t-vn ho-x hi ca tnh. V t chc, nhng c quan gio dc S, Phng v n v trng hc c 03 ng vin th thnh lp chi b, nu t hn th sinh hot ghp vi t chc chi b a phng. Nhng n v cha c ng vin vn c Chi b ng a phng lnh o mt cch ton din v kp thi. Ton ngnh gio dc c Ban cn s ng do ng ch Gim c S lm B th, cc ng ch Ph gim c, trng phng t chc cn b v Ch tch cng on ngnh lm u vin, di s lnh o trc tip ca Thng v tnh u, chu trch nhim ch o ton din v cng tc gio dc ca tnh. Cng tc pht trin ng trong ngnh gio dc ngy cng c ch . tr ho i ng ca ng, mt s hc sinh, sinh vin xut sc cc trng Cao ng, Trung hc chuyn nghip, trng dn tc ni tr, c trng trung hc ph thng cng c ng vo hng ng ca ng. n nm 2000, phn nhiu cc n v gio dc trong tnh c Chi b ng. S ng vin v chi b ng trong ngnh gio
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dc, tuy c pht trin hn trc, song so vi mt ngnh c quy m to ln v tm chin lc quan trng nh vy m s pht trin ng vn cn chm.
Tng s ng vin v chi b ng ngnh gio dc Ph Yn n nm 2000

Nm 1996 1998 2000

ng vin Chi b TS ng vin T l V/TSV Chi b ng n v GD TlCB/VG D 674 6,2% 55 1056 9,8% 66 342 19% 2064 14,75% 87 396 22%

Cng on ngnh gio dc Nm 1989, khi ti lp tnh, Cng on gio dc Ph Yn phi hp cng vi ngnh gio dc trin khai nhim v xy dng li nn gio dc ca tnh. S phi hp cng tc gia S Gio dc-o to vi Cng on gio dc Ph Yn rt phong ph v ni dung, a dng v hnh thc, linh hat v phng php v t c nhiu thnh tu. Vi phng hng, mc tiu chung Nng cao nhit tnh cch mng, thc t lc t cng, ng vin cn b cng nhn vin, gio vin hng hi thi ua ging dy, cng tc, tham gia qun l trng hc, chm lo i sng, iu kin lm vic cho cn b, gio vin, cng nhn vin tng cng bi dng cn b cng on, ci tin mt bc cc hnh thc, phng php hat ng Cng on (1). Nm 1994, phng hng mc tiu chung V s nghip xy dng v bo v T quc; V li ch v v tr x hi ca gio gii v nhng ngi lao ng trong ngnh, tip tc i mi t chc v hat ng Cng on, gp phn xy dng i ng v thc hin nhim v mc tiu c bn ca Gio dc v o to tnh Ph Yn nhm pht trin ngun nhn lc p ng yu cu CNH, HH(3). T nm 1990 n nm 1999, ch tch Cng on gio dc Ph Yn l thy L c Cng. T thng 5-1999, cng on gio dc do thy Vn Sum ph trch. Cng on gio dc vi nhng hot ng c th nh xy dng k hoch, t chc qun l phong tro thi ua, kim tra, gim st vic thc hin ch chnh sch, chm lo i sng, bo v li ch chnh ng, hp php v m bo iu kin phng tin lm vic trong qu trnh phi hp cng tc.

(1)

(2) (3)

Cng on gio dc Ph Yn 10 nm xy dng v pht trin (7/2001) 154

Cng vi s pht trin ca ngnh, cng on gio dc Ph Yn tng bc ln mnh v s lng, 6.000 on vin nm 1989 pht trin 10.923 on vin nm 2001 vi 356 n v Cng on c s. T chc cng on tuyn truyn gio dc on vin nghin cu, hc tp quan im ch ngha Mc-Lnin v t tng H Ch Minh, thm nhun v thc hin quan im ng li gio dc ca ng v Nh nc, nng cao lng yu ngh, yu tr, thng xuyn hc tp, t bi dng nghin cu khoc hc, nng cao tay ngh, gp cng sc, tr tu vo cng cuc xy dng nh trng XHCN. n nm 2000 c 60,2% gio vin mm non; 96,45 gio vin tiu hc; 95,88% gio vin Trung hc c s; 98,2% gio vin Trung hc ph thng t chun. T l trn chun cc cp t t l trn 10%. Cng on gio dc t chc v thu ht tuyt i a s CB CNVC v on vin Cng an tham gia phong tro thi ua hai tt. Khu hiu v ni dung thi ua c thay i v ph hp vi yu cu tng thi k pht trin ca ngnh. T cuc vn ng Mi thy gio l tm gng sng cho hc tr noi theo, cuc vn ng k cng-tnh thng-trch nhim n cuc vn ng dn ch ha nh trng (dn ch, cng khai trong cng tc qun l, qu trnh o to ca nh trng). Ha nhp vi phong tro thi ua ca x hi do y ban Mt trn T quc xng, trong nh trng c cuc vn ng gia nh nh gio vn ha, n gio vin gii vic trng- m vic nh, thc hin tt chnh sch dn s k hoch ha gia nh (gia nh nh gio khng con th ba). Cc n v Cng on v on vin CGD hu ht l nhng n v, on vin tin tin, gng mu, l im sng trong phong tro thi ua ca a phng. Nm hc 2000-2001, 279 n v Cng on c s t danh hiu Cng on vng mnh, 20% nh trng t danh hiu trng tin tin xut sc, 30% gio vin gii v chin s thi ua. Nh gio c nhn huy chng v S nghip gio dc v 8 nh gio vinh d c Nh nc phong tng danh hiu Nh gio u t: thy L Thng, thy Nguyn Cch nm 1990; thy Nguyn Chu, thy Nguyn Xun m, Bc s Phm nh Thi nm 1994; thy Nguyn Chn, thy Trnh c, thy Nguyn Vn Thiu nm 2000. Cng on gio dc kp thi ra nhng bin php tng tr gip nhau tng gia sn xut, lm ngh ph, xy dng qu tng tr, gp vn, gip nhau lm kinh t gia nh, qu ca CGD tnh lun c vn n 500 triu ng. Ton Cng on xy dng c 5 nh tnh ngha vi kinh ph 75 triu ng, phng dng sut
155

i 8 b m Vit Nam anh hng, tng 50 s tit kim cho gia nh lit s gio dc vi 45 triu ng, xy dng cc nh tp th cho gio vin vng kh khn Sn nh (Sn Ha), a Lc (ng Xun). Hot ng on - i tt c cc trng Trung hc ph thng u c t chc on trng, c Chi on TN hc sinh do 1 y vin Chi b l gio vin lm B th on trng. Hot ng on, i trong nh trng, phong tro thi ua hc tp im 10 dng Bc, i bn cng tin, cc hat ng x hi tui nh lm vic nh: ng st qu em, o la tng B, tm a ch , n n p ngha, ch thp , an ton giao thng, an ninh thn xm. on TNCS H Ch Minh cng vi i ng thy c gio gio dc, rn luyn i thiu nin hc sinh thc hin tt 5 iu Bc H dy tr thnh chu ngoan Bc H, nhiu on vin, thanh nin c trnh hc vn trung hc ph thng, c lng yu nc, yu ch , hng hi tham gia lao ng xy dng t nc hoc tip tc hc tp, rn luyn ngh nghip hnh thnh i ng nhn lc p ng yu cu CNH, HH t nc. Hi khoa hc Tm l - Gio dc. Ngy 27 thng 09 nm 1995, i hi ln th nht ca Hi khoa hc Tm l v Gio dc c tin hnh. Hi pht trin trn 292 hi vin chnh thc, vi cc Chi hi c quan S Gio dc o to, Chi hi Trng CSP, Chi hi huyn Tuy Ha, Tuy An, Th x Tuy Ha, Chi hi ngnh gio dc chuyn nghip v dy ngh, Chi hi Bo v B m v Tr em, Chi hi Bnh vin Ph Yn, Chi hi ngnh cng an Nhim k th nht t 1995 2000, do Nh gio u t, Tin s Nguyn Xun m, Ph Ch tch Trung ng Hi Tm l Gio dc hc VN lm ch tch, Thc s Trn Vn Chng, y vin Ban CHTW, /c Trn Khc Luyn lm Ph Ch tch v nh gio Phm Vn Thin lm Tng th k. Nhim k II t 2001 2005 do Thc s L Nhng, Ph Gim c S Gio dc Ph Yn lm Ch tch v Nguyn Vn Tn, Nguyn Huy V lm Ph ch tch. Qua 10 nm hot ng, Hi pht trin kh mnh. Hi phi hp vi S Gio dc t chc hn 15 cuc hi tho khoa hc v t tng H Ch Minh trong cng cuc i mi gio dc: v vn i mi ni dung, phng php gio dc cp hc mm non, tiu hc, trung hc v cao ng s phm; v gio dc o c
156

cho hc sinh trng PTCS, PTTH; v gio dc dn s, gii tnh v sc khe sinh sn cho tr v thnh nin; v vn hng nghip cho hc sinh lp 12; v vn tm l, s chm sc v pht huy tim nng ngi cao tui Hi tham gia t vn, phn bin v nghim thu cc cp ngnh, cp tnh v vn hc, lch s, a l a phng, thc hin cc ti nghin cu khoa hc v gio dc hc sinh nng khiu, v lch s gio dc Ph Yn. Hi cng l mt trong nhng thnh vin nghin cu ti xy dng m hnh trng cao ng cng ng, i hc a ngnh cho a phng tnh trong cng cuc CNH, HH t nc. T chc Hi v cc hi vin lm nng ct trong vic vn dng Khoa hc Tm l, gio dc qua cc hi ging thu ht c hng trm gio vin tham gia v t c nhiu gii cao cc cp. Thc s Hi gp phn nng cao tim lc khoa hc, nghip v cho i ng gio vin, cn b qun l gio dc ca tnh nh. Cc hi i hu t nguyn trong gio gii v hc sinh c thnh lp. Hi thy tr Lng Vn Chnh ra i do thy Trn Suyn, ngi c cng ln trong nhng ngy u t chc, xy dng trng Lng Vn Chnh - trng Trung hc u tin ca tnh nh (thng 9-1946). ng nguyn l B th Tnh y, lm Ch tch Hi. Hi cu hc sinh Trung hc Ph Yn do ng ch Lng Cng oan, mt trong nhng ht nhn tch cc ca phong tro sinh vin hc sinh trong trng Trung hc Tng hp Nguyn Hu thi chng M, nay l B th Tnh y lm Ch tch Hi. Cc Hi khng ch l ni on t cc th h gio vin hc sinh trong tnh cm Thy Tr, tnh cm ng mn m cn c ngha mc ch rng ln, tch cc tt p hn l gp phn xy dng pht trin ngnh gio dc ca tnh nh. Cc Hi vn ng xy dng c qu Hi hng t ng, cng vi cc t chc vn ho t thin khc nh Hi Nh bo Ph Yn, Bo Tui tr Thnh ph H Ch Minh, cc qu hc bng tip sc cho em n trng, Qu hc bng n om m, Qu ti nng tr, Hi ng hng Ph Yn ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh hng nm u t chc trao phn thng cho hc sinh gii cc cp, cp hc bng cho hc sinh khuyt tt, hc sinh ngho, cu tr cho hc sinh vng su vng xa, cc vng b thin tai l lt. Cc hot ng khuyn hc khuyn ti c tc dng rt tt trong vic ng vin hc sinh pht huy truyn thng Yu nc hc gii knh thy mn bn, rn

157

luyn tr thnh ngi cng dn tt, ngi chin s tt trong cng cuc bo v v xy dng qu hng. V. C S VT CHT NGNH GIO DC - O TO Ngy 25 thng 5 nm 1993, UBND Tnh quyt nh s 637/Q-UB giao cho S gio dc qun l ngn sch Gio dc-o to trn a bn tnh to iu kin ngnh ch ng v tng cng hiu qu qun l, nng cao cht lng gio dc ton din. Trn lt v bo th k thng 11-1993 p vo Ph Yn, ring ngnh gio dc c 1.016 phng hc b sp, nhiu sch v, ti liu v thit b khc b cun tri tr gi trn 20 t ng, 23 em hc sinh b cht. Kh khn li chng cht, nhiu ni hc sinh phi hc ca 3, ca 4. Ton tnh dy ln phong tro hnh ng cch mng, cng s h tr ca Trung ng v s gip ca bn b trong c nc, ngnh gio dc Ph Yn nhanh chng phc hi v vng bc i ln t kt qu tt, c Tnh y, UBND tnh v B Gio dc-o to nh gi cao. Trong 4 nm, t 1993 n 1996, ton tnh huy ng c 44.811.870.000 xy dng, tu sa v 6.230.000.000 mua sm trang thit b, sch tham kho, dng dy hc trang b cho cc trng hc. Trong , ngun vn xy dng c bn do ngn sch Nh nc cp v huy ng ngun vn t X s kin thit l: 9.490.154.000, chim 21,2% tng kinh ph u t xy dng ton ngnh. Ch mi tp trung xy dng cc trng mi nh trng chuyn Lng Vn Chnh, trng Dy ngh kinh t k thut, trng Nim Vui, trng THPT Phan nh Phng. Ngun vn xy dng c bn cha u t xy dng thm phng hc do nhu cu pht trin hc sinh hng nm v cha u t nng cp cc trng ph thng hin c. Ngun vn chng trnh quc gia v Gio dc-o to l 19.766.165.000, chim 44,1% tng kinh ph u t xy dng ton ngnh. Ngun vn ny u t xy dng c cc trng Ni tr dn tc tnh, trung tm gio dc th cht v quc phng, trng Cao ng s phm. Ngoi ra cn phn phi v cc a phng, cc trng h tr, kch thch s ng gp ca nhn dn v cc ngun kinh ph khc. Nh c s h tr kinh ph ca chng trnh quc gia nn trong nhng nm qua cc a phng huy ng c s ng gp ng k ca cc ngun kinh ph khc, gp phn lm cho b mt nh trng khang trang hn, sng sa hn. Ngun kinh ph s nghip, mc d ni dung chnh ca ngun kinh ph ny l dng chi lng, cc khon ph cp theo lng cho cn b, gio vin v chi cho cc hat ng trong
158

nh trng v cc hat ng chung trong ton ngnh, nhng S gio dc ch o cc Phng gip dc, cc trng tit kim chi tiu u t xy dng, tu sa, mua sm tng cng c s vt cht trng hc. Trong nm 2000, cc trng trong tnh trang b c 115 my vi tnh, 4 phng LAB. Tt c cc trng u tng i sch gio khoa, sch tham kho dnh cho gio vin. Hu ht cc trng Tiu hc u c trang b thit b ng b; 2/3 s trng THCS v PTTH c trang b b th nghim l -ha -sinh, tranh nh phc v ging dy. Ngun kinh ph do ngn sch huyn, x h tr trong 4 nm c: 5.380.220.000, chim 12% tng kinh ph u t xy dng ton ngnh, ch yu l ngn sch x. a phng h tr nhiu nht l huyn Tuy Ha vi tng kinh ph l 4.054.000.000. Cc huyn cn li h tr c 1.326.220.000. Ngun kinh ph ny c s dng xy dng trng cao tng nh trng Ha Thnh, Ha Bnh 1, Ha Bnh 2, Ha Kin, Ha ng, Ha Quang v xy dng phng hc cp 4 xa ca 3, tu sa nng cp cc phng hc nh cc x Ha Tn ng, Ha M ng, Ha Ph, Ha Hip Trung, Ha Thng, Ha nh ng, Bnh Kin, Ha Tr, Xun Lc, Th trn Sng Cu, Xun Th 1, Xun Thnh, Xun Phc, Xun Quang 3, Xun Sn Nam, An Lnh, An Ninh ng, Sn Ha, C Li Ngun kinh ph do nhn dn ng gp theo Quyt nh 248 TTg trong 4 nm qua l: 4.517.665.000, chim 10,1% tng s kinh ph u t xy dng ton ngnh. Ngun kinh ph ny cng vi cc ngun kinh ph ca ngn sch huyn, x, chng trnh mc tiu v kinh ph chi thng xuyn kp thi sa cha cc phng hc xung cp, xy dng c mt s trng cao tng mt s a phng, gp phn lm cho b mt nh trng khang trang hn, to iu kin nng cao cht lng gio dc ton din. T nm 1993-1996, c tnh xy dng thm c 707 phng hc bng ngun vn s s kin thit, 531 phng hc khc bng ngun vn huy ng ca nhn dn; Xy mi cc loi phng sinh hot, nh v sinh, ging nc tr gi 1.987.000.0000; Xy mi 7.047m tng ro; Btng ha 16.375m2 sn chi; Tu sa ln v nng cp c 378 phng; Tu sa nh 515 phng; ng mi 38.719 gh ngi cho hc sinh, 12.201 b bn gh cho gio vin ging dy trn lp v cc phng lm vic, 341 bng en, 375 t h s cc loi; Mua sch v thit b dng dy hc tr gi 6.230.000.000; Mua sm thit b vn phng tr gi 1.708.286.000

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VI. NGHIN CU KHOA HC V QUAN H I NGOI, HP TC GIO DC V cng tc nghin cu khoa hc, nm hc 1991-1992, Hi ng khoa hc ca ngnh gio dc-o to Ph Yn c thnh lp. Cc thnh vin hi ng gm lnh o S, cc Trng phng chuyn mn, Ch tch cng on Ngnh v mt s chuyn vin do Gim c S lm Ch tch. Qu trnh hot ng phi hp vi Cng on gio dc pht ng phong tro vit sng kin kinh nghim gio dc v ging dy rng khp trong ton ngnh t cp trng, phng n cp s. Xy dng c h thng ti nghin cu khoa hc gio dc cp ngnh phc v cho i mi gio dc, trin khai cc ngh quyt Trung ng v gio dc (NQTW 4 kho 7NQTW 2 kho VIII). V ph cp gio dc tiu hc v xo nn m ch; v n xy dng cc loi trng c bit, v x hi ho gio dc. Cc ti cp ngnh nh Trng nui- dy tr em khuyt tt Ph Yn, Thc trng v m hnh trung tm gio dc tr em m ci, lang thang, c nh Ph Yn, xy dng trng Cao ngi hc cng ng Ph Yn do TS. Nguyn Xun m ch nhim; tip n cc ti cp tnh: nng cao cht lng dy v hc bc tiu hc phc v chin lc con ngi tnh Ph Yn do Thc s Trn vn Chng lm ch nhim; ti o to v bi dng hc sinh nng khiu do thy L c Cng ch nhim, Cc hi ngh khoa hc c tin hnh nh v Ch tch H Ch Minh vi s nghip gio dc. Hi ngh khoa hc: Nng cao cht lng gio dc o cchnh tr cho hc sinh ph thng trung hc - 1998. Ph Yn ng cai cc Hi ngh KH X hi ho gio dc cc tnh Ty Nguyn- min Trung, min ng Nam b do B Gio dc-o to v Cng on GD Vit Nam t chc (4-1995), Nng cao cht lng gio dc mm non cc tnh min Trung (4-1996). Trong 10 nm, t 1991 n 2000, ngnh gio dc c trn 30 lun vn Thc s v cc chuyn ngnh Vn hc, Ton, Sinh hc, Lch s, a l, Vt l, Qun l GD ca gio vin, cn b gio dc. Cc lun vn c vn dng trong vic nng cao cht lng cng tc qun l, gio dc, ging dy v cc lnh vc khoa hc c lin quan. V quan h i ngoi v hp tc gio dc, Hi ngh khoa hc K nim 200 nm i Cch mng t sn Php 1789-1989, t chc ti trng CSP Nha Trang, c s tham gia ca Hi s hc Vit Nam, i din vn ha Php Si Gn, hai
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Gio s S hc Trng i hc Paris gi bng hnh sang tham d Khng kh hp tc vn ha gio dc gia Ph Khnh v Cng ha Php bt u t . Ngay t sau ngy ti lp tnh Ph Yn, mi quan h ny c tip tc pht trin. i din t chc Vn ha Php Hu, ng Phi-lip-Ca-t-lanh h tr v vt cht, sch gio khoa m lp o to gio vin ting Php trng S phm, cng vi chng trnh h tr ca phu nhn Tng thng Php Ph -Rng-xoa Mitt-rng, m cc lp ting Php min ph ban m, cu lc b Hi hu ngh Vit Php cng c thnh lp. Thng 10-1993, B gio dc nc Cng ha Php mi Gim c s Gio dc-o to Ph Yn sang tham quan v nghin cu v vn o to gio vin, chng trnh sch gio khoa, gio dc mu gio, ph thng v thanh tra ca Php, trng i hc Paris 7, i hc S phm Gronoble, Trung tm gio khoa, bi dng gio vin ting Php, thanh tra vin tip n chuyn thm Vit Nam v Ph Yn ca Gio s TS. Comiti Claude - ph Hiu trng trng i hc S phm tnh Gronoble vo thng 2.1994 m rng thm mi quan h hp tc gio dc Vit - Php. i u trong vic o to - bi dng gio vin ting Php l trng CSP Ph Yn m khoa o to gio vin ting Php t 1990 1997, 3 kha o to c 61 gio vin THCS; lin kt HSP Hu o to chuyn tip 24 gio vin ting Php THPT. T nm hc 1994-1995, vic ging dy ting Php m rng 6 huyn, th v cc cp, n nm hc 1995-1996 c 1117 hc sinh cp tiu hc, vi 33 lp, 14 gio vin ti 19/133 trng tiu hc, chim 1,5% s trng hc. cp THCS, 2674 hc sinh, vi 70 lp, 35 gio vin ti 16/72 trng THCS: chim 22,2% s trng. cp THPT, 1.349 hc sinh, 30 lp, 10 gio vin ti 7/19 trng chim 36,8% s trng PTTH. Tng s hc sinh ting Php cc cp 5.140 em vi 133 lp vi 59 gio vin. Ph Yn l mt trong 18 tnh trong c nc tham gia chng trnh dy ting Php v bng ting Php do t chc AUPLF thc hin t nm 1995-1996. S hp tc gia B GD-T Vit Nam v B Gio dc cng ha Php vi 2 l trnh. L trnh A: Hc sinh c hc ting Php t lp 1 ; l trnh B: hc sinh c hc ting Php t lp 6. Nh c s qun l v vin tr lng gio vin, phng tin dy hc nn cht lng dy hc t tt.
161

n nm hc 1995-1996, S gio dc Ph Yn l mt trong 12 tnh ph kn vic dy ngoi ng trong nh trng PTTH (ting Anh 90%, Ting Php 10%). Tuy cht lng hc ngoi ng cha cao, song l mt c gng v thnh tch ng ghi nhn. n nm hc 2001-2002, hc sinh Tt nghip THPT khng cn phi thi mn thay th ngoi ng - v hc sinh lp 12 ting Php u tin thi tt nghip PTTH, 3 em hc sinh gii ting Php c nc Cng ha Php cp hc bng du hc. S vin tr qua cc t chc phi Chnh ph nh chng trnh ODA, qua cc i s qun Australia, t chc UNICEF, cc t chc nhn o HEDO (gip gio dc min ni) ca B gio dc do TS Trnh Ngc Trnh lm Gim c, y ban 2 H Lan, Hi Huynh Vit Nam ti Php, Hi ngi Vit ti CH Lin bang c, T chc SAP VN ngi Vit Nam ti M cc c nhn Vit Kiu tr cp cho gio vin hc sinh gp kh khn trong thin tai bo lt, tng hc bng cho hc sinh ngho, hc sinh khuyt tt, trang b dng dy hc, xy ct trng lp, bn gh vng bo lt, vng ng bo dn tc vi s tin ln n 2.803.710.000 ng Vit Nam, 102.000USD, v Tng B th Mi tng cho trng Nim vui 1.300.000.000. Nh c s nhn thc ng n v hot ng hp tc quc t trong gio dc nn tuy mi l nhng hot ng ban u, cha c kinh nghim nhng cng em li nhng kt qu ng trn trng v ngha gio dc, ngha quc t trc bi cnh m rng giao lu vn ha, hp tc kinh t vi cc nc trn th gii. * * * * Ch trng ti lp tnh Ph Yn ca TW ph hp vi thc tin yu cu xy dng v pht trin kinh t x hi trong iu kin mi, ph hp vi nguyn vng ca nhn dn, truyn thng tm l vn ha x hi a phng, mc d trong nhng ngy u, cng nh cc ngnh khc, ngnh gio dc v o to gp khng t kh khn. Nhng di s lnh o ca Tnh y, y ban nhn dn tnh, vi tinh thn t lc t cng, lng quyt tm chn hng s nghip gio dc, vi nhng thy gio dy dn kinh nghim cng vi cc bn tr hng hi nhit tnh, ton ngnh cng chung lng, chung sc ch trong thi gian ngn hnh thnh v n nh c c quan u ngnh l S Gio dc v o to vi cc Phng, Ban i vo hot ng.
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1- Thi k cng c t chc, m rng quy m gio dc Quan tm u tin ca lnh o Ngnh l xy dng, cng c h thng t chc c cu, ng b ca ton ngnh. Hai n v s phm c thng nht thnh Trng s phm Ph Yn lm nhim v o to gio vin phc v cho vic pht trin tiu hc v trung hc c s. H thng cc trng tiu hc, cc trng ph thng c s, cc lp cp 2 nh, cc trng cp 1, 2 c m rng khp ni p ng yu cu hc tp ca nhn dn. a dng ha cc loi hnh trng v cng c cc trng cng lp, m nhiu trng trung hc bn cng, tha mn nhu cu hc ln cp 3 ca hc sinh tt nghip cp 2, ng thi m trng v lp B tc vn ha, lp ph cp gio dc, lp hc tnh thng, lp linh hot, lp chuyn sau XMC p ng nhu cu hc tp mi la tui, mi a bn Cc trng gio dc c bit nh trng nui dy tr em khuyt tt, trung tm vng tay m gio dc tr m ci, lang thang c nh. Bn cnh m cc trung tm k thut tng hp hng nghip cp tnh v huyn, trung tm gio dc thng xuyn. Gio dc min ni hi o c c bit quan tm. H thng trng ni tr dn tc cc huyn c cng c, m ni tr dn tc tnh. H thng cc trng mm non, nh tr dn lp, t nhn c quan tm h tr thnh lp. 2- Thi k nng cao cht lng gio dc ton din Trng tiu hc phn u dy hc 9 mn ca chng trnh ra. Trng s phm o to gio vin Nhc, Ha p ng yu cu dy mn M thut, ca ht, hot ng vn ngh trong cc trng tiu hc, THCS. Xy dng h thng cc trng trng im cc cp hc. Trng PTTH chuyn Lng Vn Chnh c thnh lp, c u t ton din v trng lm tt c vai tr ca mt trung tm cht lng cao. Phong tro thi ua dy tt, hc tt c pht ng, duy tr, tr thnh np sinh hot thng xuyn. Cc bui thao ging cp trng, cp huyn, cp tnh, cc cuc trin lm dng dy hc c tc dng nng cao cht lng gio dc. Ch trng thc hin k hoch bi dng nghip v, nng cao tay ngh cho gio vin cc cp. Kt qu hc sinh Ph Yn thi hc sinh gii bng A t nhiu gii cao so vi cc tnh bn. C nhiu gio vin t gio vin dy gii cp tnh, cp

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quc gia. Nm 1997, ngnh Gio dc Ph Yn c B khen thng t 9/10 ch tiu thi ua cht lng ca B. 3. Thi k pht ng m rng phong tro hc ngoi ng trong nh trng, trong CBCNV v ngoi x hi. o to bi dng m rng i ng gio vin Ting Anh, chuyn gio vin Ting Nga sang hc v dy Ting Anh, a Ting Php vo nh trng. Thc hin chng trnh dy hc Ting Php tng cng c cp 1 v cp 2. Ph Yn l mt trong s t tnh ph kn ngoi ng trong cc trng cp 2 t nm 1996. V n nm 2001 l tnh khng cn th sinh thi mn thay th trong k thi tt nghip ph thng trung hc. Trung tm ngoi ng ca S GD-T c tc ng tt trong vic pht ng phong tro hc Ting Anh si ni trong CBCNV v nhn dn lao ng. 4- Thi k a nn dn tr tnh nh bc qua ngng ca ph cp tiu hc. Kin tr t chc duy tr phong tro hc xa m ch, rng khp. ng o nhn dn min ni cng nh hi o ra lp xa m. Ton tnh c cng nhn xa m ch v ph cp tiu hc vo nm 1998. 5- Thi k cng c v pht trin h thng cc trng chuyn nghip v cao ng; ln lt cc trng trung hc chuyn nghip c nng cp thnh trng cao ng; trng CSP chun b cc iu kin nng ln thnh trng i hc. Cng tc o to nhn lc c ch p ng yu cu pht trin kinh t x hi. 6- Cng tc nghin cu khoa hc v hp tc quc t c ch v mang li kt qu bc u kh tt. Nhn li pht trin gio dc trong thp nin cui cng ca th k XX, y l thi k hot ng gio dc si ni, c chiu su trn nhiu lnh vc, l thi k gio dc va c m rng qui m, va nng cao cht lng ton din, va pht huy c hiu qu ca gio dc v o to. C th ni, s nghip gio dc v o to thc s gn cht v thc y cng cuc pht trin kinh t- x hi ca a phng, ng thi to c nhng bc pht trin mi, ghi nhng du son tt p ri m ra nhng trang s ti sng hn cho gio dc Ph Yn u th k XXI.

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CHNG VII GIO DC PH YN - NHNG NM U TH K XXI (2001 - 2005) I. NH HNG V CH TRNG PHT TRIN GIO DC-O TO Nm hc 2001-2002, nm hc m u ca th k XXI, nm u tin trin khai thc hin Ngh quyt i hi ng ton quc ln th IX v Ngh quyt i hi ng b tnh Ph Yn ln th XIII. Trong giai on ny, quan im pht trin gio dc c B Gio dc-o to xc nh: pht trin gio dc l quc sch hng u, gio dc l nn tng xy dng ngun nhn lc cht lng cao l mt trong nhng ng lc quan trng thc y s nghip cng nghip ha, hin i ha, l yu t c bn pht trin x hi, tng trng kinh t nhanh v bn vng. Xy dng nn gio dc c tnh nhn dn, dn tc, khoa hc, hin i theo nh hng x hi ch ngha, ly ch ngha Mc-Lnin v t tng H Ch Minh lm nn tng. Thc hin cng bng x hi trong gio dc, to c hi bnh ng ai cng c hc hnh. Nh nc v x hi c c ch, chnh sch gip ngi ngho hc tp, khuyn khch nhng ngi hc gii pht trin ti nng. Gio dc con ngi Vit Nam pht trin ton din, c o c, tr thc, sc khe v thm m, pht trin c nng lc ca c nhn, o to nhng ngi lao ng c k nng ngh nghip, nng ng, sng to, trung thnh vi l tng c lp v CNXH, c ch vn ln lp thn, lp nghip, c thc cng dn, gp phn lm cho dn giu nc mnh, x hi cng bng, dn ch vn minh phc v s nghip xy dng v bo v T quc. Chin lc pht trin gio dc nhng nm 2001-2010 nu mt s ch tiu c th cho giai on. Giai on 2001-2005: Tng t l thu ht tr n nh tr v mu gio tng ng t 12% v 50% nm 2000 ln 15% v 58% vo nm 2005; t chun ph cp trung hc c s 50% s tnh, thnh ph vo nm 2005; Tng t l hc sinh trong tui trung hc ph thng t 38% nm 2000 ln 45% vo nm 2005; Thu ht hc sinh trong tui vo cc trng trung hc chuyn nghip t 10% nm 2005; Thu ht hc sinh sau trung hc c s vo hc cc trng dy ngh t 6% nm 2000 ln 10% nm 2005; Thu ht hc sinh sau trung hc ph thng, trung hc chuyn nghip v hc cc chng trnh dy ngh bc cao t 5% nm 2005. Mi tnh, thnh ph c t nht mt trng dy ngh a phng, mi qun, huyn c t nht mt trung tm dy ngh. Nng t l sinh vin trn mt vn dn t
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118 nm 2000 ln 200 nm 2010.Tng quy m o to thc s t 11.700 hc vin nm 2000 ln 38.000, nghin cu sinh t 3.900 nm 2000 ln 15.000 vo nm 2010. Pht huy nhng thnh tu t c giai on trc, chin lc pht trin gio dc ca tnh Ph Yn giai on 2001-2005 xc nh: y mnh pht trin s nghip gio dc-o to nhm nng cao dn tr, o to ngun nhn lc cho s nghip cng nghip ha hin i ha tnh nh. M rng quy m gio dc-o to i i vi coi trng cht lng v hiu qu s dng. Nng cao cht lng gio dc ton din cho hc sinh ph thng. Coi trng gio dc chnh tr t tng, nhn cch, kh nng t duy sng to v nng lc thc hnh ca hc sinh. y mnh ph cp gio dc trung hc c s, i i vi chng ti m ch v ph cp gio dc tiu hc ng tui ngn chn cc t nn x hi xm nhp vo trng hc, c bit l t nn ma ty. Chm lo o to, bi dng i ng gio vin v cn b qun l gio dc, tng cng gio dc v nhn thc chnh tr, o c phm cht, trch nhim v lng tm ca i ng gio vin. Tng cng u t xy dng c x vt cht tng bc hin i ha cc iu kin dy hc n 2005 hon thnh vic tch cc bc hc. Cng c cc trng dy ngh hin c, khuyn khch pht trin trng lp dy ngh dn lp v t thc tng nhanh t l lao ng c o to. Chun b iu kin, nht l i ng gio vin c trnh sau i hc trn c s trng Cao ng s phm thnh lp trng i hc a ngnh. C chnh sch o to cn b ti ch c trnh thc s, tin s trn mt s lnh vc, trc ht trong cc ngnh kinh t, gio dc. Thu ht, s dng con em a phng o to i hc chnh quy. Tng t l u t t ngn sch nh nc cho gio dc-o to; cng c hi ng gio dc v thnh lp hi khuyn hc cc cp. C th xem y l giai on m h thng gio dc Ph Yn c xy dng, cng c v pht trin p ng nhu cu hc tp ngy cng cao ca nhn dn. Gio dc vng su, vng xa c nhng tin b r rt, trnh dn tr c nng ln mt bc. Ch trng x hi ha gio dc c trin khai mnh m, gp phn pht trin s nghip gio dc ca a phng. Mng li cc cp hc, bc hc, cc loi hnh nh trng v phng thc gio dc c quan tm u t v b tr hp l theo phn b dn c. C s vt cht k thut trng hc c nng cp v ci thin. S trng lp c xy dng mi theo tiu chun quc gia ngy cng tng.
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V t chc qun l, ngy 23 thng 8 nm 2001, UBND tnh Ph Yn ban hnh quyt nh s 2369/2001/Q-UB, chuyn phng Gio dc-o to huyn, th x t S gio dc-o to v UBND huyn cng cp, theo phng gio dc-o to l c quan chuyn mn thuc UBND huyn, th x. Phng c t cch php nhn, c khun du ring v c m ti khon ti kho bc Nh nc huyn, th x. Cn c n s 901/A, ngy 12/6/2001 ca S Gio dc-o to, ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2001 UBND tnh tip tc ban hnh quyt nh s 3921/2001/Q-UB ph duyt n kin ton t chc v tinh gin bin ch S gio dc-o to. Theo quyt nh, t chc b my vn phng S gm: - Phng mm non-tiu hc - Phng trung hc ph thng - Phng gio dc thng xuyn v chuyn nghip - Phng k hoch-ti chnh - Phng t chc cn b - Phng Hnh chnh-tng hp - Thanh tra S - Ban qun l d n xy dng c bn. S Gio dc-o to qun l trc tip 32 n v, trong gm trng Cao ng S phm Ph Yn, 07 trng trung hc ph thng, 07 trng ph thng cp 23, trng trung hc ph thng chuyn Lng Vn Chnh, trng ph thng Dn tc ni tr tnh, trng dy tr khuyt tt (trng Nim Vui), 05 trng trung hc ph thng bn cng, trung tm k thut tng hp - hng nghip tnh, trung tm Gio dc thng xuyn tnh, trung tm ngoi ng ti chc v 06 trung tm k thut tng hp-hng nghip huyn. Bin ch hnh chnh c 39 ngi v bin ch s nghip gio dc-o to c 1.212 ngi. V bin ch, trng trung hc ph thng cng lp cho php bin ch b my qun l 03, bin ch gio vin, nhn vin cn i trong ch tiu bin ch tnh giao, tnh theo nh mc ca Trung ng quy nh b tr ph hp.; trng trung hc ph thng bn cng 04 bin ch cho b my qun l, gio vin, nhn vin s dng ngun hc ph tr lng; Trung tm gio dc thng xuyn 05 bin ch; Trung tm gio dc-k thut huyn b tr 04 bin ch cho b my v 10 bin ch gio vin; Trung tm gio dc-k thut hng nghip tnh b tr 03 bin ch cho b my qun l v 32 bin ch gio vin nhn vin;
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Trung tm ngoi ng ti chc tnh l n v s nghip hot ng theo phng thc ly thu b chi khng giao ch tiu bin ch. Vn phng S Gio dc-o to 39 bin ch. Bin ch hnh chnh, s nghip ca S Gio dc-o to sau khi thc hin tinh gin bin ch theo Ngh quyt s 16/2000/NQ-CP l: bin ch qun l Nh nc 30, bin ch s nghip gio dc-o to 1.212. Hng nm s xem xt, b sung theo nh mc ca Trung ng trn c s quy m pht trin ca ngnh. Gia nm 2001, c Nguyn Th Hong Lan, Ph Gim c S ngh hu, UBND tnh quyt nh b nhim thy Nguyn Vn T, Trng phng t chc cn b lm Ph Gim c. Nh vy, trong giai on 2001-2005, lnh o S c 4 ngi, thy Trn Vn Chng lm Gim c, thy L Nhng, thy Nguyn Vn T v thy L c Cng lm ph Gim c (thy L c Cng trc tip lm Hiu trng trng CSP Ph Yn). S cn b c quan S c 55 ngi. Cng vo cui nm ny (12/2001), c quan vn phng S Gio dc-o to chuyn v lm vic ti c s mi, s 56-L Dun, th x Tuy Ho. Sau nm hc u tin ca th k XXI, nm hc 2001-2002 mc d ton ngnh hon thnh cc ch tiu ra, song cn bo s 8 li hu qu rt nng n i vi ton ngnh gio dc-o to (c 2 hc sinh b cht do bo v tng tht hi v c s vt cht trn 23 t ng). Quyt tm vt qua nhng kh khn, pht huy nhng thnh qu t c, nm hc 2002-2003 ngnh quyt nh chn l Nm gio dc Ph Yn, nm hc vi s n lc vn ln m ra mt thi k mi i vi ngnh Gio dc-o to Ph Yn. Vi quan im tip tc chn chnh n np, k cng; xy dng mi trng gio dc lnh mnh; m rng quy m gio dc trn c s m bo cht lng v hiu qu o to; thc hin i mi mnh m v ni dung, phng php gio dc cc cp hc, bc hc; chm lo pht trin gio dc mm non; cng c thnh qu xo m ch v ph cp gio dc tiu hc, y nhanh tin ph cp gio dc trung hc c s; tng cng x hi ho gio dc v thc hin cng bng trong gio dc; pht trin gio dc vng ng bo dn tc v cc a bn kinh t-x hi c bit kh khn, to thm c hi hc tp cho mi ngi, p ng tt hn nhu cu hc tp ca nhn dn, gp phn xy dng x hi hc tp. y cng l nm hc quyt nh b k thi tt nghip tiu hc hng nm m ch ly kt qu kim tra hai mn Ton v ting Vit lm c s xt tt nghip i vi bc hc ny.

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Giai on 2001-2005, ngnh gio dc-o to qun trit v trin khai mt s ni dung quan trng ca ng, Nh nc v ca Ngnh ch o thuc lnh vc hot ng chuyn mn, ch chnh sch v t chc bin ch ca ngnh nh: Quyt nh s 161/2002/TTg ca Th tng chnh ph v Thng t lin ngnh s 05 v pht trin gio dc mm non vng kh khn; Quyt nh s 797 Q-UB ngy 12/4/2004 ca UBND tnh Ph Yn ban hnh n pht trin gio dc mm non tnh Ph Yn n nm 2010. Ch th 40 CT/TW ngy 15/6/2004 ca Ban B th Trung ng ng v xy dng v nng cao cht lng nh gio v cn b qun l gio dc; Thng t lin tch s 21/TTLT ngy 23/7/2004 ca B Ni v v B Gio dc-o to v hng dn thc hin chc nng nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca c quan chuyn mn gip UBND qun l nh nc v gio dc v o to a phng Nhng nm 2001-2005, t l huy ng hc sinh trong tui ra lp nm sau cao hn nm trc, cht lng tng bc c ci thin, t l lu ban, b hc gim dn v t l hc sinh tt nghip cc cp hc ngy cng tng. Hc sinh t gii cao trong cc k thi chn hc sinh gii cp tnh v cp quc gia tng ln. y l tin thun li cho vic ph cp v gio dc trung hc c s v o to i ng lao ng, pht trin ngun nhn lc ca tnh trong tng lai. i ng cn b qun l v gio vin trc tip ng lp pht trin c v s lng v cht lng, gio vin lun c nng cao trnh chuyn mn nghip v p ng yu cu vic i mi phng php ging dy. n nm 2005, ton ngnh c 14.186 ngi, bao gm bin ch 11.470 ngi v hp ng 2.716 ngi. Trong s cn b, gio vin, nhn vin thuc UBND huyn, th x qun l l 12.079 ngi v trc thuc S Gio dc-o to qun l l 2.107 ngi. II. GIO DC MM NON V PH THNG TRONG NHNG NM U TH K XXI (2001-2005) 2.1. Pht trin gio dc Mm non i vi gio dc Mm non, Quyt nh s 2500 Q-UB ngy 27/9/2000 ca UBND tnh Ph Yn v chnh sch i vi gio vin mm non nh mt lung khng kh mi tc ng mnh m n tm l v i sng ca i ng gio vin mm non. Bc vo nm hc 2001-2002, bng nhng bin php tch cc nhm cng c trng, lp nhm tr hin c, tng cng ch o, u t trng cng lp trng
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im; ch o dy k nng giao tip ting Vit cho tr mu gio 5 tui ngi dn tc ngnh hc mm non c nhng bc pht trin ng k. Bn cnh cc trng mm non quc lp nh Hng Dng (th x Tuy Ha), Hoa Hng (huyn Tuy Ha), Hoa Mai (huyn Sng Hinh) c nhng trng mm non dn lp nng cao cht lng nui dy tr nh mu gio dn lp Ha Tr, mu gio dn lp Phng 4 (th x Tuy Ha); mt s gio vin t thnh tch xut sc trong dy hc nh c gio Dng Th Bch Tuyt (trng mm non Hng Dng) c Nguyn Th t (trng mm non Ha Mi)... Nm hc 2002-2003, cc trng mm non phi hp vi ngnh Y t t chc hi thi N ci xinh ca b, kt qu t gii nht trng mm non Sn Ca (th x Tuy Ha), gii nh trng mm non Ha Mi (huyn Tuy Ha), gii ba trng mm non Ha ng (huyn Tuy Ha). Tham gia d thi cp quc gia t chc ti thnh ph H Ch Minh, trng mm non Sn ca t gii nh ton on trn 21 on tham gia thuc 30 tnh, thnh pha Nam. Cn c Quyt nh s 161/2002/TTg ca Th tng chnh ph v Thng t lin ngnh s 05 v pht trin gio dc mm non vng kh khn, ngy 12/4/2004 ca UBND tnh Ph Yn c Quyt nh s 797 Q-UB ban hnh n pht trin gio dc mm non tnh Ph Yn n nm 2010. Theo n ny n nm 2010 hu ht tr em trong ton tnh u c chm sc gio dc bng nhng hnh thc thch hp, theo hng a dng ha cc loi hnh mm non. Vi phng chm Nh nc tip tc tng u t pht trin gio dc mm non, ng thi y mnh x hi ha s nghip gio dc mm non. Di s ch o ca ngnh hc, n nm 2005 ton tnh c 28.523 chu, tc tng bnh qun hng nm l 1,62%. Trong , chu n nh tr bnh qun mi nm tng 6,23%. Tuy nhin s tr trong tui 0-3 tui ra lp cn thp, nht l vng nng thn, vng, su vng xa, min ni. Di 3 tui n nh tr chim 6,01% dn s trong tui (tng ng 3.109 chu/153 nhm ), t l thp hn so vi bnh qun chung c nc (c nc 8,6%), bnh qun 20,3 chu/nhm tr. Tuy nhin, i vi chu mu gio giai on ny t l chu n lp c chiu hng tng mi nm. T l tr 3-5 tui n trng, lp mu gio t 52,5% dn s trong tui (tng ng 25.414 hc sinh), t l thp hn bnh qun chung c nc (c nc 63.4 l tr 5 tui ra lp t 98,3% so vi tui(15.039 chu), cao hn so vi bnh qun chung c nc (c nc 85%), bnh qun 22.85 hc sinh/ lp.
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Vi i ng gio vin, n nm 2005 ton tnh c 1.658 gio vin, tng bnh qun 4,6%, trong , gio vin mu gio chim 87%, c nui dy tr chim 13%. T l gio vin t chun v trn chun chim 95,36%. Ton tnh c 214 c nui dy tr, bnh qun c 2,3 c /nhm tr (7,9 chu/c) v 1.444 gio vin mu gio, bnh qun 1,2 c /lp . Ton tnh c 126 trng Mm non v s trng t chun quc gia chim 3,2% (4 trng). Trng lp mu gio trung tm huyn, th ngy cng pht trin, trng tng bnh qun 2,49%/nm, lp tng bnh qun 4,1%/nm. Tuy nhin, mt s a phng lp mu gio phi mn phng hc tm ca cc x, hp tc x, cc trng tiu hc. Phn ln c s vt cht mu gio khu vc nng thn, min ni u xung cp. Tip tc duy tr v pht trin h thng gio dc Mm non vi cc loi hnh trng, lp ph hp iu kin tng vng Nm 2001, c 99/101 x phng c trng lp Mu gio; 2 x cha c lp Mu gio l Ea Lm v Phc Tn m c lp (cui nm 2001), tng 7 x so vi cui nm hc trc, ph kn ngnh hc Mm non trn ton tnh. Hu ht n v trng Mm non, nh tr, Mu gio thc hin tt theo trng trnh chm sc gio dc tr cc tui . S Gio dc-o to ch o 100% trng lp nh tr, mu gio thc hin chng trnh chm sc nui dy tr do B Gio dc-o to quy nh. Tng bc nng cao cht lng ging dy tng nhm, lp. Chun b tt cc tit dy, cc hot ng ngoi tri, lng ghp hp l cc ni dung gio dc dinh dng, dn s, lut an ton giao thng... ng thi ch rn luyn cc thao tc gi gn v sinh, hnh vi l php cho tr. T l b khe, b ngoan tip tc c gi vng v nng cao nhiu a phng qua tng nm hc. c bit, cc huyn min ni vic nui dy tr c nhiu i mi, s lng tr ngi dn tc i nh tr hng nm tng dn. Chuyn phng chng suy dinh dng, v sinh an ton thc phm n cc c s gio dc mm non. Tham gia cc trng trnh, d n vi cc ban ngnh c lin quan: D n ngn ng t liu cho tr khuyt tt do y ban dn s-gio dc-tr em tnh ch d n cng vi Trung tm bo v chm sc sc khe b m tr em, gim st chng trnh suy dinh dng quc gia, phi hp vi ngnh Y t thc hin chng trnh tim chng m rng S Gio dc-o to ch o cc trng chm sc gio dc tr khuyt tt, tr khim th, khim thnh c nhn vo hc ti trng Nim Vui.
171

Nm hc 2002-2003, Ph Yn gi vng s lng trng lp mm non, 100% n v x phng u c trng mu gio. Loi hnh nhm tr gia nh, lp Mu gio t thc pht trin mnh khu vc th x, th trn. T l tr suy dinh dng gim 2,63%, trnh chuyn mn ca gio vin Mn non c ch trng, t l GV t chun l 73,12% (Ch tiu ca B ra cho cc tnh l 60%). Thc hin quyt nh s 979 Q/UB ca UBND tnh, cc trng, lp mm non cng lp a bn c iu kin kinh t x hi pht trin chuyn sang loi hnh trng bn cng. ng thi chuyn cc trng mm non, mu gio dn lp trc y do hp tc x u t sang loi hnh trng cng lp. Khuyn khch pht trin cc loi hnh trng lp mm non dn lp, t thc th x, th trn, khu cng nghip. Theo k hoch, nm hc 2004-2005 chuyn 20 trng mm non dn lp 20 x c bit kh khn thnh trng cng lp; trong chng trnh trnh kin c ha trng hc mm non, ton tnh xy dng c 150 phng hc, chim tng s phng xy dng thuc n. V ch chnh sch i vi gio vin, thc hin ng tinh thn Quyt nh 161/2002/Q-TTG ca Th tng Chnh ph i vi cn b qun l (CBQL), gio vin Mm non tt c cc loi hnh trng lp cng lp, bn cng, dn lp, t thc. Trin khai chnh sch cho gio vin mm non dn lp, bn cng, dn lp, t thc v gio vin mm non dn lp ln tui ngh vic mt ln hng ch 1 nm cng tc bng na thng lng. Xt bin ch cho 261 CBQL, GV ngnh hc mm non.. Ton tnh c 13 trng Mm non trng im, trong 2 trng t chun Quc gia l trng Mm non Sn Ca thnh ph Tuy Ha v trng Mm non Hoa Hng Ph Lm. nng cao trnh chuyn mn, nghip v cho CBQL, GV mm non, s Gio dc-o to giao trng CSP Ph Yn m cc lp bi dng chun ha 9+3, 12+2; lin kt vi trng HSP TP HCM m cc lp H ti chc. Mt s cn b qun l c c hc trng Cao ng nh tr mu gio Trung ng 1, 2, 3 gp phn nng cao cht lng ca ngnh hc.

S lng v c cu gio vin Mm non (2001-2005)

TT Ch tiu 1 C nui dy tr

2000-01 215

2001-02 194

2002-03 206

2003-04 226

2004-05 207
172

- Cng lp - Bn cng GV Mu gio -Cng lp -Bn cng

109 106 1.002 116 886

109 85 1.053 120 933

111 95 1.097 120 977

113 113 1.166 119 1.047

111 96 1.228 128 1.100

2.2. S pht trin ca cc bc hc gio dc ph thng 2.2.1. Gio dc Tiu hc i vi gio dc tiu hc, t nm hc 2001-2002 S Gio dc ch trng tch cc i mi phng php dy v hc, trin khai gim ti, tng cng c s vt cht trang thit b phc v dy v hc (phng hc m nhc, m thut v phng c); thc hin dy 9 mn. Nm 2002 c 61 trng hc ngoi ng, 64 trng hc 2 bui/ngy, n nm 2003 c 85 trng hc ngoi ng v 95 trng hc hai bui/ngy; n nh vic dy ting Php tng cng cc trng tiu hc u C v Lc Long Qun. Hu ht cc trng u trin khai phong tro xanh-sch-ep. Mt ch trng ln ca ngnh trong nm hc ny l pht ng phong tro gi v sch, vit ch p. Vi phong tro ny, k thi cp tnh t chc vo cui thng 3/2002 nh gi huyn Tuy Ha l n v xut sc nht. Gii c nhn hc sinh xut sc thuc v cc em V Lm Vn Anh (tiu hc An Chn), L Lan Vy (tiu hc u C) v Dng Xun Vinh (tiu hc Sng Cu 2). Gii c nhn gio vin xut sc l c Phm Th Lin Triu (tiu hc s 2 Ha Thnh). Ti hi thi ton quc, thy Nguyn Hng Hn, trng tiu hc u C l gio vin ln tui nht t gii nh. S Gio dc-o to tch c ch o vic xy dng trng tiu hc chun quc gia bng nhiu bin php: Hi tho gia huyn, x, phng gio dc v nh trng xy dng cam kt trch nhim gia lnh o a phng v ngnh Gio dc, c 25 trng c B kim tra cng nhn cho n cui nm hc 2002-2003. C 5 trng tiu hc phn u xy dng trng tiu hc t chun quc gia giai on 2 (2001-2005) l tiu hc Lc Long Qun, tiu hc La Hai 1, tiu hc Ph Lm 1, tiu hc Ha Vinh v tiu hc Ha Tr 2. Nm 2001 n 2005 l giai on m s lng hc sinh tiu hc gim mnh, trung bnh mi nm gim vi nghn hc sinh. T 107,9 nghn hc sinh nm hc 2000-2001 cn 84,561 nghn hc sinh nm hc 2005-2006. Tuy nhin, t l huy ng hc sinh n lp ng tui t 106%, trong , t l tr 6 tui vo lp 1 t
173

107%, cao hn so vi bnh qun chung c nc (c nc 95%) bnh qun 26 hc sinh/lp . T vic s s hc sinh tiu hc hng nm gim dn n i ng gio vin ngy cng di d m khng th khc phc c, n nm 2005 c 4.726 ngi, t t l 1,46 gio vin /lp, trong ki t l cho php l 1,1 gio vin /lp. Tnh trng tha thiu cc b, do s phn b gio vin khng u gia cc vng nhng thiu gio vin thuc cc b mn m nhc, m thut, tin hc v th dc. Nm 2005, t l gio vin tiu hc t chun v trn chun l 98,33%, trong trn chun l 44,41%. V quy m trng lp, n nm 2005, ton tnh c 159 trng Tiu hc v 1 trng dy tr khuyt tt. S trng t chun quc gia chim 26,3% (42 trng). Trng tiu hc c phn b cc x, phng, th trn, bnh qun 1 n 2 trng/n v x (phng, th trn). Ngnh gio dc phi hp vi cc a phng tch 58 trng tiu hc ra khi trng ph thng c s, hnh thnh cc trng tiu hc v trung hc c s theo ch trng ca B Gio dc-o to. Hu ht cc trng tiu hc u c th vin, phng c, phng gio dc ngh thut, phng dng dy hc, tuy cha ng b v y nht l vng nng thn v min ni. Gio dc tiu hc dy 9 mn hc v tng bc nng cao cht lng cc mn hc, ch trng cht lng mn m nhc, m thut, gio dc sc khe.Va nng cao cht lng gio dc cc trng tiu hc min ni, vng kh khn, ng thi ch o gio vin son ging theo chng trnh v theo ni dung gim ti ca B Gio dco to, cc trng u t chc hc tp qun trit Thng t 15/GD-T ca B v vic kim tra nh gi phn loi hc sinh theo 5 chun quc gia. Nhn chung bc gio dc tiu hc trong giai on ny c nhng bc pht trin vng chc v thun li t tc ng ca vic trin khai d n Pht trin gio vin tiu hc vi cc ni dung: nh gi th im chun ngh nghip cho 2.100 gio vin tiu hc 79 trng trong 8 huyn, th x; bi dng cho 1.400 gio vin ang dy lp 1, lp 2 (MBD1,MBD2); bi dng i mi cng tc qun l gio dc tiu hc (MBD11) cho 97 hiu trng tiu hc v cn b qun l ti cc phng gio dc huyn, th x; tuyn sinh o to lin thng t trung hc s phm ln cao ng s phm cho 549 gio vin tiu hc.
S lng v c cu gio vin Tiu hc (2001-2005) 174

Ch tiu 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 GV Tiu hc 4.131 4.476 4.714 4.740 4.799 4.726 2.2.2. Gio dc Trung hc c s Thc hin phn cp qun l, t nm 2001 trng trung hc c s v ph thng c s do UBND huyn, th x qun l, trng ph thng cp 2-3 do S Gio dc-o to trc tip qun l. C th thy r nm hc 2001-2002, s lng hc sinh trung hc c s ton tnh pht trin n nh, n nm 2005 c 73.756 hc sinh, t l huy ng hc sinh trong tui n trng trung hc c s l 93,6% cao hn so vi bnh qun chung c nc (c nc 80%). Cng tc ch o i mi ni dung chng trnh, sch gio khoa, i mi phng php dy hc v phong tro hc sinh gii i vi bc hc ny c lnh o S Gio dc-o to quan tm su st. Vic t chc cc k thi chn hc sinh gii lp 9 c t chc hng nm. K thi hc sinh gii cp tnh c chia lm 2 bng (Bng A: huyn Tuy Ha v th x Tuy Ha, Bng B: cc huyn cn li). Nm hc 2001-2002, Hi thi nghip v S phm cp tnh bc trung hc c s c t chc c 121 gio vin ca 8 phng gio dc huyn, th x v 5 trng ph thng cp 2-3 tham gia thi 3 ni dung: trc nghim kin thc v gio dc-o to; sng kin kinh nghim v lm v s dng dng dy hc; t chc 1 tit dy trn lp theo hng tch cc ha hot ng hc tp cu hc sinh. Qua , S gio dco to ch o cc trng hc pht huy nhng mt tch cc, ng thi rt kinh nghim nhng tn ti t tip tc y mnh vic i mi phng php dy hc trong nhng nm hc sp ti . V i ng, n nm 2005 c 3.931 gio vin, t l gio vin t chun v trn chun l 98,77% trong trn chun l 26,53%. S trng t chun quc gia chim 9,8% (9 trng). Phong tro kin c ha trng hc trung hc c s theo m hnh Nh Nc v nhn dn cng lm v pht trin mnh, gp phn lm cho c s vt cht ngy cng tt hn, Ph Ha l mt trong nhng a phng thc hin tt phong tro ny. Giai on 2001-2005, s lng trng tng bnh qun 6,7%/nm, lp hc tng bnh qun 5,9%. Cui nm 2005, ton tnh c 4 trng ph thng cp 2-3 v 23 trng Trung hc c s.
S lng v c cu gio vin THCS (2001-2005)

TT

Ch tiu GV THCS

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2.586 2.890 3.490 3.570 3.855 3.931
175

2.2.3.Gio dc Trung hc ph thng i vi bc trung hc ph thng, t nm hc 2001-2002 S Gio dc-o to tip tc ch o pht trin quy m trng, lp. Ngy 7/2/2002, trng ph thng cp 2-3 Xun Phc, huyn ng Xun c thnh lp. Thng 9 nm 2003, trng THPT Trn Suyn, huyn Ph Ha c thnh lp; ngy 24/10/2003, tch trng ph thng cp 2-3 Sng Hinh thnh lp trng THPT Nguyn Du v tch trng ph thng cp 2-3 Phan Bi Chu thnh lp trng THPT Phan Bi Chu v trng THCS; ngy 21/11/2005, tip tc thnh lp trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, huyn ng Ha. Nh vy n cui nm 2005 ton tnh c 27 trng THPT. Nm hc 2001-2002 l nm th 2 ton ngnh tip tc trin khai n ci tin phng php ging dy v hc tp theo hng tch cc hot ng hc tp, pht huy tnh ch ng sng to v nng lc t hc ca hc sinh, khc phc dn tnh trng dy hc theo phng php dy c. S dng cc thit b hin c v lm thm dng dy hc, tng cng thc hnh th nghim minh ha bi dy. Phn ln cc trng t chc thc hin y cc tit thc hnh mn vt l, ha hc v sinh hc. Giai on ny s lng hc sinh trung hc ph thng tng nhanh, y l iu kin thun li cho vic o to i ng lao ng v pht trin nhn lc ca tnh. T l huy ng hc sinh trong tui n trng. Tnh n 2005 l 56,3%, cao hn so vi bnh qun chung c nc (c nc 45%). Ring s hc sinh tuyn vo lp 10 t 70,76% so vi hc sinh tt nghip THCS nm hc trc, bnh qun 44,1 hc sinh /lp. i ng gio vin n nm 2005 ton tnh c 1.494 ngi, t l gio vin/lp t 2,09 (theo quy nh l 2,1 gio vin /lp); t l gio vin t chun v trn chun l 99.1% trong trn chun l 4,7%. Trong cng tc ch o chuyn mn, y l giai on m lnh o S Gio dc-o to tng cng ch o i mi phng php dy hc, chn chnh vic s dng thit b, dng dy hc hin c v t lm, quan tm n xy dng phng php hc tp b mn v t hc ca hc sinh. M rng v nng cao cht lng dy ngh ph thng, tin hc, b tr cho hc sinh hc chng trnh ngoi ng 4 nm trung hc c s tip tc hc ngoa ng h 7 nm trung hc ph thng. Qua vic t chc hi ging cp trng, cp huyn v phong tro d gi thm lp trong cc trng trung hc ph thng c quan tm trin khai thng xuyn nn cht
176

lng dy v hc c nhiu chuyn bin tch cc. Nhiu n v tin hnh t chc thao ging, ci tin phng php dy v hc, bc u t c nhng kt qu cao. Cc trng trung hc cng phi hp cht ch vi cc Trung tm k thut tng hp-hng nghip trong vic t vn ngh v dy ngh ph thng cho hc sinh. V th hu ht hc sinh khi lp 9 v lp 12 u c tham gia cc bui sinh hot hng nghip. Nm hc 2004-2005, ln u tin s Gio dc-o to t chc hi thi gio vin dy gii cp tnh bc trung hc ph thng vi chuyn son ging gio n in t. C 154 tit dy ca 25/26 trng tham gia, kt qu hi ging c 135 tit c xp loi tt t l 87,7%, 19 tit xp loi kh t l 12,3%. Cc trng trung hc ph thng chuyn Lng Vn Chnh, trung hc ph thng L Trung Kin, Ng Gia T, Nguyn Hu, Nguyn Tri, Phan nh Phng c nhiu c gng ch o ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong son ging to s hp dn v hng th hc tp i vi hc sinh. Nhiu gio vin th x Tuy Ha v huyn Tuy Ha cng i tin phong qua 41 tit dy lp 8 vi gio n in t. Trong cng tc bi dng hc sinh gii, S Gio dc-o to rt ch trng n cng tc t chc thi v bi dng i tuyn hc sinh gii cc cp t c s n tnh. Nm 2001 ton tnh c 520 hc sinh d thi hc sinh gii cc cp. S hc sinh t gii cp tnh: 258 em, qua tuyn chn c 10 i tuyn gm 71 hc sinh tham gia d thi chn hc sinh gii cp Quc gia. Vi quyt tm ginh thnh tch cao v cng hc tp kinh nghim trong cng tc bi dng hc sinh gii, lnh o S Gio dc-o to Ph Yn c thy Nguyn Vn Thng a on gm 15 hc sinh c im thi cao nht tt c cc mn d thi ra bi dng trng Trung hc ph thng chuyn Lam Sn, tnh Thanh Ha trong thi gian 1 thng. Kt qu nm i tuyn hc sinh gii Quc gia lp 12 tnh Ph Yn t c 32 gii, trong c 3 gii nh, 15 gii ba v 14 gii khuyn khch. T trc n thi im ny, y l nm Ph Yn c s hc sinh gii lp 12 t gii quc gia nhiu nht; em Phan Thnh Nam, hc sinh lp 11 chuyn Ton ca trng chuyn Lng Vn Chnh c B Gio dc-o to c cu vo i d tuyn Quc gia chun b cho k thi hc sinh gii Quc t nm 2002. Nm 2002 ton tnh c 705 hc sinh d thi hc sinh gii cc cp. S hc sinh t gii cp tnh; 323, t l : 45,8%, trong c 6 gii nht, 28 gii nh, 104 gii ba, 183
177

gii khuyn khch; tuyn chn c 10 i tuyn/10 mn hc, gm 76 HS tham gia d thi chn HS gii quc gia. Kt qu k thi i tuyn hc sinh gii Ph Yn xut sc t 48 gii, trong c bit c 1 gii nht, 3 gii nh, 19 gii ba v 25 gii khuyn khch. Em o Trung Uyn, hc sinh lp 12 trng trung hc ph thng Nguyn Hu l hc sinh u tin ca tnh Ph Yn t gii nht mn ng vn, gii nh mn vt l thuc v em L Hong Duy, hc sinh lp 11 trng chuyn Lng Vn Chnh, 2 gii nh mn ho hc u l hc sinh trng chuyn Lng Vn Chnh l em Nguyn Th Qunh Nh, hc sinh lp 11 v em Dng Ch Tuyn, hc sinh lp 12. Trong tng s 48 HS t gii, hc sinh trng chuyn Lng Vn Chnh c 40 gii, trng Ng Gia T 1 gii, trng Trn Quc Tun 1 gii, trng L Hng Phong 1 gii v trng Trn Ph 1 gii. Nm hc 2003-2004 i tuyn Ph Yn c 39 hc sinh t gii, trong hc sinh trng chuyn Lng Vn Chnh c 33 gii, trng Nguyn Hu 2 gii, trng L Hng Phong 1 gii, trng Ng Gia T 1 gii, L Trung Kin 1 gii v trng ph thng cp 2-3 Sn Thnh 1 gii. K thi hc sinh gii quc gia lp 12 nm hc 2004-2005, Ph Yn c 76 em d thi, kt qu c 47 hc sinh t gii, trong , 4 gii nht, 4 gii nh, 20 gi ba v 19 gii khuyn khch. Ngoi ra trng trung hc ph thng chuyn Lng Vn Chnh cn t nhiu gii cao v th hng cao trong cc k thi hc sinh gii Olimpic truyn thng t chc ti cc tnh pha Nam hng nm. Nm 2003, trng xut sc xp v th 7/88 on tham gia d thi t tnh Qung Tr tr vo. on c 32/39 em ot gii, trong c 12 huy chng vng, 12 huy chng bc v 8 huy chng ng. Nm 2004 trng xp v th 6/91 on tham gia d thi. c 39 em ot gii gm: 13 huy chng vng, 16 huy chng bc v 10 huy chng ng. Em Trn Thanh Phong, hc sinh lp 11 t th khoa mn Ton (20/20/im). y cng l nm u tin trng trung hc ph thng dn lp Duy Tn c 3 hc sinh lp 10 tham gia d thi v t c 1 huy chong vng, 1 huy chng bc mn Ton. Giai on ny cht lng gio dc trung hc ph thng mi nm mt nng cao. C th chng minh iu qua kt qu tt nghip trung hc ph thong hng nm nh sau: nm hc 2000-2001: 85,81%, nm hc 2001-2002: 77,37%, nm hc 2002-2003: 89,45%, nm hc 2003-2004: 98,45%, nm hc 2004-2005: 98,45%.
S lng v c cu gio vin THPT (2001-2005) 178

Ch tiu GV THPT - Cng lp - Bn cng

2000-01 811 811 0

2001-02 923 923 0

2002-03 1.254 1.254 0

2003-04 1.285 945 340

2004-05 1.358 1.004 354

2.3. Gio dc min ni v hc sinh dn tc Nm 2001 h thng trng, lp min ni Ph Yn dn c cng c v pht trin, 04 trng ph thng Dn tc ni tr gm trng trung hc ph thng Dn tc ni tr tnh v 03 trng trung hc c s Dn tc ni tr cc huyn Sn Ha, ng Xun v Sng Hinh. Nhm o to v ging dy cho hc sinh dn tc to ngun cn b ti ch, c 03 trng trung hc c s ni tr dn nui Sn Hi, EaChrang (huyn Sn Ho) v Tn Lp (huyn Sng Hinh); 33 trng tiu hc ca 29 x vng ng bo dn tc; 100% x min ni c trng tiu hc v lp mu gio. Nm hc 2001-2002, ton tnh Ph Yn c 9227 hc sinh dn tc min ni, tng gn 1000 hc sinh so vi nm hc 2000-2001, trong : mu gio: 697 hc sinh; tiu hc, trung hc c s: 1440 hc sinh v trung hc ph thng: 212 hc sinh. H thng cc trng ph thng Dn tc ni tr v cc trng ni tr dn nui tng bc c u t hon chnh. Cc n v u thc hin k cng, nn np trong hot ng dy v hc. Tuy nhin, v c s vt cht, cht lng ca i ng gio vin v cht lng gio dc ton din vn cn chuyn bin chm, thiu ng b. Nm hc 20022003, Ph Yn c 29/101 x phng th trn c hc sinh ngi dn tc, mi x min ni ca tnh u c trng tiu hc, cc bn, bun u c lp. Ngnh Gio dc-o to rt quan tm cng tc gio dc o c, t tng v i sng sinh hot ca hc sinh dn tc cc trng ni tr, bn tr. Ch , chnh sch cho cn b, gio vin ang cng tc ti cc trng min ni, hc sinh dn tc cc trng ni tr, bn tr ban hnh gip cho gio vin an tm cng tc, hc sinh an tm hc tp. Ngoi ra, cc ch h tr kinh ph cho hc sinh cc trng ph thng Dn tc ni tr tnh, huyn: 30.000/thng/hc sinh; cho cc trng bn tr dn nui 100,000/thng/hc sinh v h tr chi ph i li cho sinh vin Ph Yn l ngi dn tc thiu s ang theo hc ti cc trng cao ng, i hc trong c nc60.
60

Quyt nh s :1289/2002/Q-UB, ngy 13/5/2002 ca UBND tnh Ph Yn

179

Lnh o ca cc trng ph thng Dn tc mi tr cng tp th gio vin rt c gng thc hin tt nhim v gio dc cho con em hc sinh ngi dn tc min ni. Mc d s lng lp hc cc trng khng nhiu (khong 6-7 lp) nhng cn b qun l cng nh gio vin khng ngng nng cao trnh , t chc hot ng gio dc t hiu qu cao, to ngun lao ng c trnh cho khu vc min ni ca tnh. Nm 2003, UBND tnh Ph Yn ban hnh quy nh v cc ch h tr cho hc sinh dn tc thiu s ang theo hc ti cc trng bn tr nui cc huyn min ni l 30.000/thng/hc sinh. Ring huyn ng Xun, UBND huyn tr cp thm mi em 50.000/thng. Cng tc chm sc nui dng hc sinh c nh trng ht sc quan tm. Ch hc bng ca hc sinh m bo, thc hin y . Sc khe ca hc sinh c b phn y t chm sc tt.Cc hot ng vn ngh, th dc, th thao cc trng ph thng Dn tc ni tr pht trin rt mnh. Trng ph thng Dn tc ni tr tnh c nh tp a chc nng gp phn nng cao gio dc th cht ton din cho hc sinh. V c s vt cht, trang thit b cc trng c bn p ng c nhu cu ging dy v hc tp cng nh nhu cu n, cho hc sinh. Cc trng u m bo s phng hc, phng , phng n, th vin, phng th nghim, dung dy hc. Nm 2004, tng s hc sinh ngi dn tc l 12.207 hc sinh, tng hn so vi cui nm hc trc 929 hc sinh (t l tng 8,2%), trong : nh tr, mu gio: 1.778 chu; tiu hc: 7.232 hc sinh, trung hc c s: 2.637 hc sinh; trung hc ph thng: 499 hc sinh. n nm 2005, tng s hc sinh ngi dn tc l 12.874 em, tng so cui nm hc trc l 667 hc sinh. Mt s hc sinh trung hc c s ngi dn tc cc x kh khn c t chc hc ti cc trng bn tr dn nui ca ba huyn min ni. Ti huyn ng Xun, m 1 lp 10 ring cho hc sinh ngi dn tc trong trng trung hc ph thng L Li. nng cao cht lng gio dc ton din, phn ln hc sinh ti cc trng ph thng Dn tc ni tr c hc 2 bui ngy theo quy nh ca B. III. GIO DC THNG XUYN V GIO DC CHUYN NGHIP Gio dc chuyn nghip trong giai on ny c nhiu chuyn bin tch cc. Quan h phi hp, qun l v ch o gia S Gio dc-o to vi h thng cc trng chuyn nghip trn a bn tnh ngy cng c hiu qu. Cng tc tuyn sinh
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i hc, cao ng, trung hc chuyn nghip n cc lp b tc vn ha u thc hin ng qui nh. Ngay t nm hc 2001-2002, lnh o S Gio dc-o to ch trng tng cng c s vt cht, trang thit b cho cc trung tm k thut tng hp-hng nghip; vic t chc thi tt nghip ngh ph thng ti cc trung tm cng c ci tin bng cch s dng b chung; vic t chc thi chng ch trnh A,B tin hc, ngoi ng cng i vo n np ng qui ch. Nm 2002, tham gia qun l v mt Nh nc ca S Gio dc-o to i vi h thng cc trng cao ng v trung hc chuyn nghip trn a bn tnh ngy cng cht ch hn. Cc trng chuyn nghip trong qu trnh ging dy gn vi cc n v sn xut t chc cho hc vin tham quan hc tp, kin tp, thc hnh rn luyn tay ngh. Trng Cao ng xy dng s 3, Trung hc cng nghip k thut Tuy Ha lm tt vic gn cng tc o to vi vic s dng sinh vin ra trng. V cng tc Gio dc thng xuyn, nm 2002 cc n v c giao nhim v o to h khng chnh quy ch ng m cc lp b tc vn ho, tin hc, ngoi ng, lin kt o to cc lp trung cp chuyn nghip, cao ng, i hc v c x hi ng tnh ng h. Thng 12-2002, UBND tnh Ph Yn quyt nh thnh lp Trung tm k thut tng hp-hng nghip huyn Ph Ho. Nm 2003 cc trng cao ng, trung hc chuyn nghip bt u thc hin i mi cng tc tuyn sinh v vic ra thi theo ng qui nh mi ca B Gio dc-o to. Thng 5-2003, S Gio dc-o to t chc Hi ging gio vin dy gii khi trung hc chuyn nghip v dy ngh ln th 3 ti trng Trung hc k thut cng nghip Tuy Ha, c 28 gio vin tham gia chia lm 2 bng. Kt qu bng A khi cc trng chuyn nghip c 01 gio vin dy gii, 13 gii nh, 01 gii ba. Bng B khi cc trung tm k thut tng hp-hng nghip c 01 gio vin dy gii, 03 gii nh, 06 gii ba v 02 gii khuyn khch. Nm 2004, trin khai thc hin ch o ca B Gio dc-o to v tng cng qun l v tuyn sinh v o to i vi h o to khng chnh quy, tip tc n nh quy hoch o to khng chnh quy trn a bn tnh. a dng ha cc loi hnh o to khng chnh quy, c bit l cc h o to cao ng v trung hc chuyn nghip. Gi vng quy m v m rng thm mt s ngnh o to t xa. Cng trong thi gian ny S Gio dc-o to tip tc xem xt v t chc cc n v m lp o to ngoi ng v tin hc trnh A, B k c cc c s t nhn, c
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u tin cho cc a bn kh khn. Qun l v kim tra vic dy v ng chng trnh i vi tng h o to, ci tin t chc thi c ng quy ch, nghim tc v thun li cho hc vin. M rng cc hnh thc hc ngoi ng v tin hc (hc theo trng, lp, t hc), to s lin thng gia cc loi chng trnh ngi hc c th b sung kin thc v tham gia d thi khi c trnh . Hc sinh cao ng, trung hc chuyn nghip c ng k vi S Gio dc-o to v c hc thm mt s n v kin thc quy nh s c d thi ly chng ch A ngoi ng v tin hc. Trong nm 2005 S Gio dc-o to t chc hai hot ng phong tro dnh cho khi cc trng cao ng-trung cp chuyn nghip-dy ngh gm: Hi thi an ton giao thng v Hi thi ting ht sinh vin hc sinh. Cng tc pht trin Trung tm hc tp cng ng trong thi gian ny cng c cc a phng ht sc quan tm. Nm hc 2004-2005 c 40% s x, phng c Trung tm hc tp cng ng. Nm 2005, Hi khuyn hc Tnh Ph Yn cng c thnh lp do ng Nguyn Duy Lun, nguyn y vin Ban chp hnh Trung ng ng, nguyn b th tnh y lm ch tch danh d, ng L Vn Hu nguyn ch tch y ban Nhn dn tnh lm Ch tch i vo hot chnh thc. Hi khuyn hc tp trung vo 2 nhim v chnh: khuyn khch v h tr cc hot ng gio dc trong nh trng chnh qui; vn ng nhn dn tham gia vo cc hnh thc hc tp khng chnh qui nhm mc tiu gio dc thng xuyn, hc tp sut i, nht l i vi ngi ln tin ti mt x hi hc tp trong nn vn minh hin i. Ph hp vi yu cu ca thi i nguyn vng ca nhn dn nn Hi nhanh chng pht trin v mang li nhng hiu qu thit thc. n nay, Hi pht trin c 827 chi Hi c n 53.676 Hi vin. c bit, l Hi tch cc vn ng xy dng Gia nh hiu hc H tc khuyn hc, pht trin qu khuyn hc khuyn ti, phi hp vi S gio dc o to xy dng cc Trung tm hc tp cng ng. Cc Hi on t nguyn ca qun chng nh Hi thy tr Lng Vn Chnh, Hi cu hc sinh Trung hc Ph Yn v rng ri hn l Hi cha m hc sinh tt c cc n v trng hc gp phn khng nh trong vic pht trin nn gio dc ca nc nh trn con ng hin i ha. n cui nm 2005, ton tnh c 50 trung tm hc tp cng ng. Cc huyn ng Ha, Ty Ha v ng Xun c 100% x, th trn c trung tm hc tp cng ng. D mi bc u hnh thnh, song cc trung tm hc tp cng ng
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nhiu a phng pht huy tch cc, hiu qu, th hin c s lnh o ca ng, chnh quyn a phng v s phi hp cht ch ca ngnh Gio dc-o to. Thng 4-2005 ngnh Gio dc-o to phi hp vi Hi khuyn hc tnh t chc Hi ngh s kt 5 nm xy dng v pht trin Trung tm hc tp cng ng v bn k hoch tip tc thnh lp cc trung tm mi cho nhng a phng cn li. IV. PH CP GIO DC TRUNG HC C S Thc hin ch th s 61-CT/TW ngy 28/12/2000 ca B Chnh tr, Ngh quyt s 41/2000/QG10 ca Quc hi kha X, UBND tnh Ph Yn tham mu Tnh y xy dng chng trnh hnh ng s 05-Ctr/TU ngy 26/7/2001 v thc hin ch th s 61-CT/TW ca B Chnh tr ban chp hnh trung ng ng kha VIII v thc hin nhim v ph cp gio dc trung hc c s. Xy dng n ph cp gio dc trung hc c s giai on 2001-2007 v c UBND tnh ph duyt ti Ngh quyt s 27/2001/NQ-HND trong k hp ln th 7 t ngy 17 n 19/7/2001. Ngy 11/5/2000, UBND tnh ra quyt nh thnh lp Ban ch o ph cp gio dc trung hc c s cp tnh vi 18 thnh vin do ng ch Ph ch tch UBND tnh lm trng ban, thy Trn Vn Chng - Gim c S Gio dc-o to lm ph trng ban thng trc. Cc thnh vin c phn cng cc nhim v khc nhau bao gm lnh o cc ngnh Ti chnh, k hoch u t, Lao ng thng binh-x hi, Cng an tnh, B ch huy qun s tnh, Ban t chc chnh quyn tnh, Lin on lao ng, Hi cu chin binh, Tnh on, Hi lin hip ph n, Hi nng dn. n ngy 14/9/2001, UBND tnh ra quyt nh s 2602/Q-UB ban hnh quy ch hot ng ca Ban ch o ph cp gio dc trung hc c s. y mnh cng tc ny, lnh o S Gio dc-o to tham mu cho UBND tnh ban hnh Ch th s 24/2004/CT-UB ngy 23/9/2004 v vic tip tc tng cng cng tc ph cp gio dc ph thng. Theo ban ch o ph cp gio dc tiu hc, ban ch o ph cp gio dc trung hc c s c thng nht cc cp thnh ban ch o ph cp gio dc ph thng, vic thng nht ny gip UBND cc cp ch o tp trung hn. Sau khi n ph cp gio dc trung hc c s c ban hnh, UBND tnh ra quyt nh s 1514/Q-UB ngy 31/5/2001 quy nh tm thi nh mc chi cho cng tc ph cp gm 250.000/hs/lp/nm. n thng 5 nm 2005 UBND tnh ra
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quyt nh s 1146/2005/Q-UB tng mc chi l 500.000/hs/lp/nm cho cc i tng khu vc ng bng v 600.000/hs/lp/nm cho cc i tng min ni. Tng hp kinh ph chi ph cp gio dc trung hc c s trong nhng nm ny nh sau: nm 2001: 400 triu, nm 2002: 509 triu, nm 2003: 695 triu, nm 2004: 695 triu v nm 2005: 700 triu ng. Trn c s kt qu cuc tng iu tra ph cp gio dc Trung hc c s thng 2-2000, Ban ch o tnh xy dng n ph cp gio dc Trung hc c s giai on 2000-2005, c 87/101 x, phng, th trn v 4 huyn Tuy Ha, Tuy An, ng Xun, Sng Cu v th x Tuy Ha t chun ph cp gio dc trung hc c s. Nm 2002 hng dn kim tra kt qu ph cp gio dc trung hc c s 61. Thng 12-2003, Ph Yn c 2 huyn, th x v 65 x, phng, th trn t chun quc gia v PCGD THCS v 14 x tip tc phn u t chun quc gia. Tuy nhin, nh mc kinh ph nh nc cp cho cng tc ny cn thp, vic huy ng hc vin ngi dn tc ra lp gp kh khn. T l hc sinh b hc cc vng bin, vng ni cn nhiu. Nm 2004, ngnh gio dc Ph Yn c nhng gii php c th thc hin Ph cp gio dc THCS cp huyn, th x, phng ng theo qui nh, trong ch n lnh o cc trng PT cp 2,3 trn a bn. Phng gio dc cc huyn, th tip tc huy ng ton x hi cng tham gia cng tc ph cp gio dc THCS nh on thanh nin t chc chin dch nh sng vn ha h, Hi ph n, Hi nng dn tham gia huy ng hc sinh cha hon thnh cp hc n cc lp b tc THCS; hi cu chin binh, lc lng v trang bo m trt t cc lp hc BTVH ban m, b i bin phng (thy gio mang qun hm xanh) t chc cc lp ph cp trn a bn ng qunThng 12-2004, ton tnh c 78/104 x, phng, th trn, 3/8 huyn, th x t chun quc gia v ph cp gio dc trung hc c s, tng thm 1 huyn v 13 x. Nh phi hp tt gia nh trng, gia nh v x hi, ban ch o ph cp cc cp tch cc huy ng nhiu hc sinh b hc, hc sinh din kh khn ra cc lp khng chnh quy, cc lp b tc trung hc c s ban m. C th ni y l bin php rt quan trng ton tnh c th hon thnh ph cp gio dc trung hc c s. S hc vin c huy ng ra cc lp b tc trong cc nm nh sau: nm 2001c
Cn c Quyt nh s 26/Q-BGD&T ngy 5 thng 7 nm 2001 v hng dn s 6170/THPT ngy 18/7/2002 ca b GD&T.
61

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221 lp/4.145 hc vin; nm 2002 c 195 lp/3.855 hc vin, nm 2003 c 227 lp/4.941 hc vin; nm 2005 c 231 lp/5.021 hc vin. Xc nh ph cp gio dc tiu hc v ph cp gio dc tiu hc ng tui l nhim v quan trng trong mc tiu ph cp gio dc trung hc c s nn lnh o S Gio dc-o to tp trung ch o thng nht mc tiu trong nhim v chung. i i vi vic nng cao cht lng gio dc ton din, ban ch o ph cp gio dc cc cp c nhng bin php thch hp m bo mc tiu k hoch thc hin tng giai on, tng thi k. i vi nhng vng kh khn (vng su, vng xa, min ni) tnh c s la chn u tin trong qu trnh ph cp, u t kinh ph c trng im, t chc mng li trng lp thch hp thu ht tr trong tui n trng, ng thi a dng ha cc hnh thc hc tp to iu kin thun li nht cho tr c hon cnh kh khn c i hc, c bit ch tr em la tui tin hc ng, mu gio 5 tui chun b vo lp 1. Tnh n cui nm 2005 c 7/9 huyn, th x t chun quc gia v ph cp gio dc trung hc c s gm: - Th x Tuy Ha (t chun 12/2002) - Huyn Ty Ha (tch ra t huyn Tuy Ha, t chun 12/2003) - Huyn ng Ha (tch ra t huyn Tuy Ha, t chun 12/2003) - Huyn Ph Ha, t chun 12/2004 - Huyn ng Xun, t chun 12/2005 - Huyn Sng Cu, t chun 12/2005 - Huyn Tuy An, t chun 12/2005. Ton tnh c 94/106 x, phng, th trn t chun ph cp gio dc trung hc c s (Th x Tuy Ha 14/14, ng Ha 10/10, Ty Ha 11/11, Ph Ha 8/8, ng Xun 10/11, Tuy An 15/16, Sng Cu 10/11, Sng Hinh 07/11, Sn Ha 07/14). V. CNG TC AN NINH TRT T TRNG HC V GIO DC O C, L TNG CCH MNG CHO HC SINH Trong giai on 2001-2005, m hnh trng-phng c cc n v trng hc y mnh mt bc. Phng chm phi hp gia cc lc lng trong nh trng, gia nh v x hi trong vic xy dng an ninh trt t trng hc gp phn gio dc o c cho hc sinh c S Gio dc-o to ht sc quan tm. S Gio dc chn 8 n v trng hc v 2 huyn lm im l trng trung hc
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ph thng Nguyn Hu, Trn Quc Tun, Phan nh Phng, L Hng Phong, cp 23 Sn Thnh, Phan Bi Chu, Nguyn Tri, Nguyn Cng Tr, phng Gio dc-o to huyn Tuy Ha v huyn Sng Cu. Cc chuyn v phng chng t nn x hi xm nhp trng hc nh ma ty, phng chng HIV/AIDS c trin khai vi nhiu hnh thc phong ph c tc ng gio dc o c cho hc sinh. Ch trng tng cng trt t k cng, cng c n np, xy dng mi trng gio dc lnh mnh, phn u mi hot ng ca nh trng u c tc dng gio dc o c su sc i vi hc sinh, sinh vin; tip tc xy dng cc tp th s phm nh trng mu mc v cc tp th hc sinh-sinh vin tin tin, gii ton din. Nhiu trng hc tch cc ngn nga, phng chng c hiu qu cc t nn x hi, cc loi ti phm xm nhp trng hc. Hu ht cn b, gio vin nhn vin v hc sinh c thc cao trong vic chp hnh k lut, tn trng v gi gn an ninh trng hc, an ton giao thng, trt t th, xy dng mi trng Xanh - Sch - p. in hnh trong phong tro ny l cc trng: Tiu hc Xun Phc, huyn ng Xun; trung hc ph thng Nguyn Hu; trung hc c s Hng Vng; trng ph thng dn tc ni tr huyn Sn Ha. Cng tc Hi v phong tro Thanh thiu nin Ch thp trong cc trng hc ca tnh Ph Yn trong nm 2001-2002 bt u pht trin. Tng s hi vin ch thp (i thanh nin xung kch trng hc) l 58.131 hi vin/209 trng hc. y l lc lng nng ct trong vic gio dc o c, t tng li sng cho hc sinh. Nhiu trng t chc tt cc hot ng ngoi gi ln lp, sinh hot truyn thng, quan tm gio dc o c, li sng, gio dc mi trng to mt bc chuyn bin v thi v hnh vi i vi hc sinh. Trin khai ni dung chng trnh gio dc dn s sc khe sinh sn v thnh nin qua cc mn sinh hc, a l, gio dc cng dn; t chc tt bui sinh hot ngoi kha v an ton giao thng v cc tc dng gio dc thc chp hnh Lut giao thng trong hc sinh. Nhiu trng hc pht huy vai tr ca on TNCS H Ch Minh. i thiu nin tin phong, i thanh nin xung kch trng hc trong cng tc t qun hc tp v t chc ca ma ht tp th theo cc bi ht qui nh, phong tro ch thp , an ton giao thng, xy dng phong tro on, i vng mnh. VI. CNG TC O TO, BI DNG V CHUN HO I NG GIO VIN
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 nng cao trnh gio vin cc cp, cng tc o to, bi dng v chun ho i ng gio vin cc cp c lnh o S Gio dc-o to ht sc quan tm. Nm 2001, trng CSP Ph Yn thc hin nhim v t chc o to, bi dng, chun ha 33 lp cho 432 gio vin mm non, 128 gio vin tiu hc, 572 gio vin c trnh cao ng s phm tiu hc, 90 gio vin c trnh cao ng s phm th dc, m nhc, m thut. Lin kt vi i hc s phm Qui Nhn o to 60 gio vin c trnh c nhn gio dc tiu hc, 140 gio vin c trnh i hc s phm ngnh vt l v lch s. Lin kt vi HSP H Ni m 1 lp c nhn Qun l gio dc cho 83 cn b. Bi dng cho 78 cn b trng Tiu hc. o to 96 hc vin lm cng tc th vin c trnh trung cp. Lin kt vi trng HSP K thut thnh ph H Ch Minh o to HSP K Thut cho 146 cn b gio vin v hc sinh. Ngoi ra, S Gio dc-o to cn c 26 cn b, gio vin d thi Cao hc (thi 23); gn 500 gio vin tham gia hc i hc ti chc v t xa. Mt trong nhng hot ng tch cc, nhy bn ca lnh o S Gio dc-o to Ph Yn v pht trin i ng cn b, gio vin c trnh cao p ng yu cu gio dc thi k i mi v hi nhp. Thc hin ng theo nh hng pht trin chung ca tnh, t nm 2001, S Gio dc-o to xy dng chnh sch h tr kinh ph i vi nhng cn b, gio vin i hc thc s, tin s. n nm 2005 ton ngnh c hn 80 cn b gio vin c trnh thc s, 11 cn b, gio vin ang nghin cu sinh. Ch trng ny thc hin Ph Yn sm hn cc tnh khc trong khu vc min Trung v Ty nguyn. c bit, ngy 15 thng 6 nm 2004, B chnh tr BCHTW ng ban hnh Ch th s 40-CT/TW v xy dng nng cao cht lng i ng nh gio v cn b qun l gio dc. Mc tiu l xy dng i ng nh gio v cn b qun l gio dc c chun ho, m bo cht lng, s lng, ng b v c cu, c bit ch trong nng cao bn lnh chnh tr, bn cht li sng, lng tm, tay ngh ca nh gio; thng qua vic qun l, pht trin ng nh hng v c hiu qu s nghip nng cao cht lng o to ngun nhn lc p ng nhng i hi ngy cng cao ca s nghip cng nghip ho, hin i ho t nc. Trin khai Ch th ny, ton ngnh tp trung ch o xy dng k hoch o to, bi dng cho cn b qun l v i ng nh gio mt cch mnh m v c cht lng hn. S Gio dco to lin kt vi trng i hc s phm H Ni m hai lp c nhn qun l gio
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dc cho hu ht cn b qun l cp trng, phng gio dc v S Gio dc-o to. hng trm cn b qun l v gio vin c c o to thc s v nghin cu sinh trong giai on ny. VII. PHT TRIN T CHC NG TI CC C S GIO DC Cc Phng gio dc, cc n v trc thuc S phi hp vi Ban Tuyn gio cc huyn t chc qun trit kp thi v trin khai cc Ch th, Ngh quyt ca ng n cn b, gio vin, nhn vin v hc sinh, sinh vin. Trong cc nm hc (20012005), Trng CSP, Phng Gio dc-o to huyn Tuy Ha, trng THPT Lng Vn Chnh l nhng n v lm tt cng tc pht trin ng trong gio vin, hc sinh, sinh vin. Trong nm hc 2000-2001, ton ngnh kt np c 225 ng vin, nng tng s ng vin ln 1.627 ng ch, chim t l 14,57% tng s cn b, gio vin ton ngnh. Cng tc pht trin ng trong on vin hc sinh, sinh vin c tip tc c ch trng. T nm 1997-2005, c 23 on vin hc sinh, sinh vin ca cc trng CSP, ph thng DTNT tnh, trng chuyn Lng Vn Chnh c ng vo hng ng ca ng CSVN. y l nhng hc sinh, sinh vin c nhiu thnh tch xut sc trong hc tp v rn luyn, tu dng chnh tr, o c, hi nhng yu cu cn c ca mt ngi ng vin. Mt s n v lm tt cng tc xy dng ng nh ngnh GD-T huyn Sn Ha, ng vin chim 18,8% tng s cn b, gio vin. Huyn Tuy An 15,8%, huyn ng Xun 14,3%, th x Tuy Ha 13,7%. Nm 2002, thc hin ch th 34CT/TW ca B Chnh tr v Ngh quyt 09NQ/TU ca Ban Thng v Tnh y, cc cp y ng ngnh GD&T phi hp vi cc huyn, Th y, ng y Dn chnh ng tip tc tr trng tng cng gio dc chnh tr t tng cho i ng cn b cng chc, cng tc xy dng , cng c t chc c s ng v pht trin ng vin trong trng hc. Trong nm hc kt np c 228 ng vin mi, nng tng s ng vin ton ngnh ln 1.855, t t l 13,46% so vi tng s cn b , cng chc ca ngnh. Ton ngnh c 2 ng b, 185 chi b v chi b sinh hot ghp vi cc a phng. n cui nm hc 2003, ton ngnh c kt np c 360 ng vin mi, nng tng s ng vin ln 2.163 ng ch, chim t l 16,37% so vi tng s cn b, cng chc trong ngnh. Nhng n v lm tt cng tc pht trin ng trong cn b, gio vin, nhn vin trng THPT L Hng Phong, THPT Nguyn Hu
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THPT L Thnh Phng, THPT L Li, THPT Nguyn Du, PGD huyn Tuy Ha n cui nm hc 2004, ton ngnh np c 313 ng vin mi, nng tng s ng vin ln 2.492 ng ch, chim t l 17,92% so vi tng s cn b, gio vin, nhn vin ton ngnh (tng hn nm trc: 1,55%). Trong thi gian 5 nm t 2001 n 2005 ton ngnh kt np c 1294 ng vin nng t l s ng vin trong cn b cng chc ton ngnh l 20,2%. * * * y l giai on nhn thc ca x hi v vai tr ca s nghip gio dc trong thi k i mi thc hin cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc ngy cng y hn. i b phn nhn dn trong tnh c tinh thn hiu hc, t chc c nhiu qu khuyn hc cc lng x, h tc nhm gip ng vin con em nng cao tinh thn hc tp. Thc hin tt ch trng a dng ha cc loi hnh gio dc v ngun kinh ph, huy ng ton x hi cng chm lo s nghip gio dc. Giai on ny h thng gio dc quc dn c cng c v pht trin kh ton din, hnh thnh cc loi hnh trng lp cng lp, bn cng, dn lp c bn p ng nhu cu hc tp ca x hi. Mng li cc trng ph thng c xy dng u khp trn tt c cc a bn. C s vt cht c tng cng, nhiu trng hc c xy dng mi, khang trang. Cht lng gio dc-o to cng c nng cao, t l huy ng hc sinh n lp ng tui ngy cng tng, hc sinh lu ban, b hc gia chng gim, t l hc sinh tt nghip cc cp cao, nhiu hc sinh t gi cao trong cc k thi gc sinh gii cp quc gia. Cng tc o to, bi dng ngun nhn lc ngnh gio dc cng c quan tm ng mc, s lng gio vin v cn b qun l c trnh chun v trn chun t trn 97%. Trong giai on ny, lnh vc o to ngh cng pht trin c v quy m v cht lng, cung cp c phn ln lc lng lao ng c chuyn mn k thut cho s nghip pht trin kinh t x hi ca tnh, gp phn tng t l lao ng qua o to t 14,05% nm 2000 ln 23,5% nm 2005. Ngun lc u t cho o to ngh, c s vt cht k thut v trang thit b dy ngh c ci thin mt bc; cng tc x hi ha dy ngh cng c m rng; o to ngh theo modul c p dng, gim ng k thi gian hc ngh cho ngi lao ng.
189

190

KT LUN
Thi gian 60 nm (1945-2005) ca ngnh gio dc l mt qu trnh u tranh, bo v v xy dng, pht trin, mt giai on lch s ho hng v v cng oanh lit. S nghip gio dc c nc ni chung, gio dc Ph Yn ni ring c nhng ng gp quan trng trong qu trnh u tranh gn gi v pht trin t nc. Tinh thn hiu hc ca dn tc ta c khng nh t sm v bng sng ln sau li ku gi ca Ch tch H Ch Minh chng gic i, gic dt v gic ngoi xm thng 8 nm 1945. Nhn dn c nc va kin cng chin u bo v nh nc cng ha non tr va quyt tm xy dng nn gio dc dn ch nhn dn. Vt qua mun vn kh khn gian kh th thch ca 2 cuc khng chin chng thc dn Php v quc M xm lc, vi phng chm va khng chin, va kin quc nn gio dc Ph Yn lp nn nhng thnh tch ng t ho khng ch o to nn nhng th h cng dn, nhng chin s kin cng chin u hy sinh cho cng cuc gii phng t nc m cn chun b i ng cng nhn, cn b c trnh qun l x hi, pht trin kinh t. T nm 1975, t nc thng nht. Trong giai on 15 nm hp nht hai tnh, gio dc Ph Khnh bc vo giai on pht trin mi. Tnh Ph Khnh pht trin gio dc cc cp ln mt bc mi, xa b nn gio dc n dch ca ch c, xy dng mt nn gio dc cch mng, i mi ton din thn nht trong c nc. Sau khi ti lp tnh Ph Yn t nm 1989, trc bi cnh ca t nc tng ngy i mi, vi tinh thn chn hng, gio dc Ph Yn bit k tha nhng thnh qu t c, nhanh chng cng c v vt ln tin kp cc tnh bn trong c nc. Nhng nm u ca th k XXI (2000-2005), Ph Yn c mt v th nht nh, bn cnh cc ngnh khc, ngnh gio dc pht trin tng i mnh gp phn thc y kinh t - x hi. Tuy cha t mc pht trin bn vng nhng hin hin nhng tim nng v trin vng ln. Trong nhng thnh tu v vn ho, x hi, khoa hc k thut va qua ca ton tnh, gio dc c nh gi nh mt nt c sc, mt thnh cng kh ton din: 1- Di s lnh o ca ng, s qun l Nh nc, ngnh gio dc tnh Ph Yn thc hin ng nhng quan im, ng li chin lc, mc tiu, nguyn l,
191

phng chm v gio dc do Ch tch H Ch Minh v ng ra qua cc thi k cch mng. Ton ngnh on kt nht tr vt mi kh khn, thc hin mt cch ch ng v sng to, nng ng v c hiu qu qua 3 cuc ci cch gio dc (1950,1956,1979) v cng cuc i mi hin nay a nn gio dc tnh c c din mo v v th nht nh trong c nc. 2. Gio dc Ph Yn tng bc xy dng c mt h thng gio dc tng i hon chnh, ng b v c cu cc ngnh hc, a dng v loi hnh, phong ph v ni dung, rng ln v qui m, ph kn khp cc a bn trong tnh t thnh ph n nng thn, t min ni dn hi o nhm p ng nhu cu hc tp ngy cng cao ca cc tng lp nhn dn. 3. V nhim v o to nhn lc c quan tm hn t ngy ti lp tnh. H thng trng chuyn nghip c hnh thnh gm cc trng dy ngh, trung hc, Cao ng chuyn nghip ca Trung ng v a phng. Cc trng Trung cp dn c nng ln thnh trng Cao ng, tng bc dp ng nhu cu i ng cng nhn cn b khoa hoc k thut cho s pht trin cng, nng nghip, du lch a phng v vng min. Vic chun b hnh thnh mt trng i hc a ngnh ca tnh cng c xc tin. Vn o to nhn lc phc v cho s nghip cng nghip ho-hin i ho ngy cng bc xc i hi s u t ln v ngn sch, c s vt cht v i ng gio vin v c s lin kt cht ch gia Trung ng v a phng. 4. V cht lng, ngnh gio dc v o to theo st v p ng tt yu cu nhim v chnh tr ca tng giai on cch mng. Trong cuc khng chin chng Php gio dc Ph Yn l mt tnh hng u trong lin khu V, c tc dng tch cc trong cng cuc xy dng i sng mi, trong lao ng sn xut, trong chin u bo v vng t do, l hu phng ln, cung ng nhn ti vt lc cho cng cuc khng chin Nam Trung B v Ty Nguyn. Trong khng chin chng M cu nc ngnh gio dc Ph Yn l mt mt trn chin u c lit, thy v tr chin u kin cng trn mt trn qun s v chnh tr, gp phn to ln vo cng cuc gii phng min Nam thng nht t nc. Ha bnh lp li, ton ngnh gio dc Ph Yn snh bc cng xy dng v pht trin s nghip i mi t nc.

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Tuy cht lng gio dc cha ng u gia cc vng, song hc sinh Ph Yn vn ni ting l cn c, sing nng, hc gii v hnh kim tt. Hc sinh trng Chuyn Lng Vn Chnh, trng Nguyn Hu qua cc thi k vn nu cao truyn thng yu nc, hc gii knh thy, mn bn. Cc em t nhiu gii cao trong cc k thi hc sinh gii Ton quc, Olimpic khu vc, v thi tuyn vo i hc. Trong xu th hi nhp quc t, s giao lu gia cc nn vn ha gio dc, yu cu cht lng gio dc, cht lng o c, chnh tr nh trng ngy cng cao hn. Nh trng phi l vn m mm non dn tc, nhn ti thi i, m bn sc vn ha truyn thng dn tc. 5. Cn b qun l gio dc v gio vin l nhn t quyt nh cho nhng thnh tu ca nn gio dc. i ng gio gii Ph Yn hnh thnh sm, tp hp nhiu th h, nhiu ngun o to, nhiu lnh vc chuyn mn khc nhau. Tt c vi tinh thn on kt, lng tm ngh nghip, gn b trong cng on gio dc, tng tr gip nhau trong cuc sng, trong ngh nghip to ra nhng thnh qu m nhn dn ngng m. Noi gng cc nh gio tin bi cch mng, nht l lp nh gio qua 2 cuc khng chin anh dng kin cng va tham gia khng chin va kin quc to ra th h tip ni thc hin nhim v gio dc trong thi k ha bnh v i mi. Nu so vi my chc thy gio thi Php thuc, vi trm gio vin thi khng chin chng Php th con s trn 1 vn gio vin cc cp trong hng trm gio vin c trnh thc s vo nm 2005 v tin s th tht l mt bc tin khng l. Cng vi chnh sch u i v lng, ph cp ngh nghip, s tn vinh ca nhn dn s l ng lc cho gio vin phn u vn ln. 6. Cng tc qun l gio dc c nhiu tin b cng vi s pht trin ca cng tc qun l hnh chnh nh nc. Ngnh gio dc c h thng trng hc vi quy m ln, hng trm n v ca cc cp hc, hng vn gio vin, hng chc vn hc sinh vi ni dung qun l rt a dng v phc tp. Qua cc thi k pht trin b my qun l ngnh dn c nh hnh v cng c, nhng non yu c khc phc. Cc cn b qun l gio dc S, Phng c tuyn chn t nhng gio vin gii v chuyn mn, c bi dng v qun l nn cng tc ngy cng c hiu qu. Nng cao nhn thc v hot ng ca cc cp u ng, chnh quyn v cc tng lp nhn dn v v tr vai tr ca Gio dc-o to trong cng cuc cng nghip ho- hin i ho t nc. Ngnh gio dc xy dng c mi lin h
193

v quan h ngy cng tt gia nh trng-gia nh-x hi, hnh thnh c mi trng gio dc lnh mnh em li hiu qu thit thc khng nhng cho vic gio dc hc sinh trong nh trng v c i sng vn ho trong x hi. Ngnh gio dc-o to bit da vo nhn dn xy dng c s vt cht trng hc, chm lo i sng cho gio vin nht l h thng trng mm non, bn cng, dn lp, cng vi Nh nc pht trin mt nn gio dc trn quy m ln. 7. Qun trit quan im Gio dc l quc sch hng u, cc cp y ng v chnh quyn quan tm n vic u t ngn sch v c s vt cht, tng cng xy dng thit b hin i cho trng hc ph hp vi bc tin gio dc thi i mi. Phong tro thi ua Hc tht tt, Dy tht tt vn c duy tr v pht trin lin tc trong tt c cc bc hc, cp hc t ngnh hc mm non, ph thng, chuyn nghip v cao ng. Cht lng gio dc ton din c nng ln tng bc kh vng chc v xut hin nhiu c nhn, tp th n v gio dc tiu biu. Mt mc son trong lch s gio dc Ph Yn l thng 12/1998 Ph Yn c Nh nc cng nhn t chun quc gia v ph cp tiu hc v xo nn m ch. Ph Yn v ch trc 2 nm so vi mc ca c nc. T y nn dn tr ca tnh bc qua khi ngng ca u tin ca nn hc vn bc tip ln bc cao hn ca mt nn gio dc quc dn, vn minh v hin i trong th k XXI. Tuy Ph Yn vn cn tnh trng mt tnh ngho, nhiu thin tai bo lt gio dc cng gp nhiu kh khn, song so vi tnh tnh chung c nc, gio dc Ph Yn cho n thp nin cui th k XX u th k XXI vn c nh gi l mt tnh c nn gio dc pht trin vo loi tt, ton din. Nhng thnh tu gio dc v o to gp phn xng ng vo s tng trng ca nn kinh t, lm i mi b mt vn ho x hi ca tnh. Trn c s ch trng chnh sch ca ng v Nh nc, Ph Yn c chnh sch s dng, b nhim nhn lc c o to chnh quy, c cht lng cao, c chnh sch hp tnh hp l i mi v nng cao cht lng trong b my Nh nc v cc c s doanh nghip s kch thch cng tc o to v t o to. Tri qua chng ng 60 nm xy dng v pht trin, nn gio dc cch mng Ph Yn c nhng bc tin ng k, to cho tng giai on pht trin chung ca ton x hi. Sau nhng ln ci cch gio dc, di s lnh o ca ng, s quan tm ca cc ngnh khc, gio dc Ph Yn ghi li nhng du n ca thng
194

li vi bao thnh tch ng t ho trn nhiu phng din, gp phn tch cc vo s nhip gii phng dn tc, bo v T quc v xy dng Ch ngha X hi. ng b v nhn dn Ph Yn xy dng mt nn gio dc mi cng c nc thc hin tt qu trnh i mi ca t nc vi mt h thng trng lp hon chnh, p ng y nhu cu hc tp; to ngun cn b, gio vin t c v cht lng v s lng; c c s vt cht ngy cng y , khang trang v hin i. Xuyn sut chiu di ca lch s ng i, nh yu nc, nh cch mng v i, nh gio dc li lc Nguyn Tt Thnh - H Ch Minh bng nhng hot ng thc tin ca mnh bin nhng ham mun tt bc l ai cng c cm n, o mc, ai cng c hc hnh, bng cuc vn ng cch mng dit gic i, dit gic dt, gic ngoi xm, lm cho dn tc ta t mt dn tc yu tr thnh mt dn tc thng thi ng vo hng ng ca cc dn tc tin tin trn th gii. 60 nm, tuy phi qua my cuc chin tranh tn khc nhng hnh thnh c mt nn dn tr pht trin, mt i ng nhn lc ngy cng a dng phong ph tng bc p ng c yu cu pht trin kinh t x hi, mt i ng tr thc vi trnh cao Thc s, Tin s hu ht cc ngnh Khoa hc k thut hin i. l vn qu, l ti sn v gi cn c tp hp v s dng cho s phn vinh ca qu hng ni ring, t nc ni chung.

195

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53.

54. 55.

Ngh nh ca ph Th tng nm 1968. S v lnh b nhim, ch o iu ng gio s nm 1975 ca tnh Hu Giang, Ph Yn, Ty Ninh, Chu c, Vnh Long. III. TI LIU LU TR V GIO DC VNG GII PHNG MIN NAM VIT NAM ( 1972 -1975) V NHNG NM U THNG NHT T NC. (Quyn II)

56. Bo co phong tro gio dc khu V 2 nm 1973-1974 vng gii phng. 57. Thng t ca Chnh ph Cch mng lm thi min Nam Vit Nam v cng tc cn b gio dc. 1974. 58. Ch th ca Ban Chp hanh TW v cng tc gio dc cc tnh thnh min Nam trong 3 nm 1978- 1980. 59. Bo co tnh hnh khai ging nm hc 1975-1976 cc Ty Gio dc min Nam. 60. Bo co tng kt 3 t hc tp, ci to cho cng nhn vin chc, gio chc ngy quyn nm 1975 ca B Gio dc v Thanh nin. 61. Quy ch tm thi ca B Gio dc v t chc qun l trng ph thng min Nam 1975. 62. Quy nh t chc b my qun l gio dc cc cp a phng min Nam 1976. 63. Quyt nh ca Ph Th tng v chnh sch s dng gio vin vng mi gii phng min Nam 1975. 64. Danh sch h s gio vin giao cho Ty Gio dc Ph Khnh. 65. Ch th ca Ban CHTW v cng tc gio dc min Nam sau ngy hon ton gii phng. Nm 1975. 66. Tham lun v ci cch gio dc ca b Nguyn Th Bnh i biu Quc hi thnh ph H Ch Minh, B trng B Gio dc ti k hp kha 2 Quc hi kha VI 1977. 67. K hoch bo co tnh hnh, mc tiu chng trnh o to v bi dng cho cn b gio vin cc tnh pha Nam nm 1978. =========================================================

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KHI QUT V LCH S V TRUYN THNG VN HA, GIO DC PH YN

I. VI NT V T NC V CON NGI PH YN II. TRUYN THNG VN HA - GIO DC PHN TH NHT. GIO DC PH YN TRC NM 1945 CHNG I. GIO DC PH YN T TH K XVII N NA CUI TH K XIX I. KHI QUT GIO DC VIT NAM TRC KHI PHP XM LC II. GIO DC PH YN TRC NM 1885

2.1. Hnh thc t chc 2.2. Gio dc dn gian t trong qun chng lao ng 2.3. H thng trng hc Ph Yn 2.4. Nhng nh khoa bng Ph Yn CHNG II. GIO DC PH YN THI PHP THUC (1885-1945)
I. TNH HNH GIO DC TRONG C NC II. GIO DC PH YN THI PHP THUC (1885 - 1945)

2.1. S trng lp 2.2. Vic dy v hc 2.3. Nhng ngi Ph Yn c bng cp thi Php thuc 1885-1945
III. NHNG HOT NG YU NC V CCH MNG CA GIO VIN V HC SINH PH YN U TH K XX N CCH MNG THNG TM 1945 PHN TH HAI. GIO DC PH YN T NM 1945 N NM 1975 CHNG III. GIO DC PH YN TRONG CHN NM KHNG CHIN (1945 - 1954) I. C NC NHNG NGY U KHNG CHIN II. HOT NG GIO DC PH YN (1945-1954)

2.1. Gio dc bnh dn 2.2. Gio dc ph thng 2.2.1. Gio dc Tiu hc 2.2.2. Gio dc Trung hc 2.3. Cng tc o to, bi dng gio vin 2.4. B my ngnh gio dc Ph Yn (1945-1954)
III. T CHC NG V HOT NG ON TH CHNG IV. GIO DC PH YN THI K CHNG M CU NC (1954 - 1975) I. BI CNH LCH S II. GIO DC PH YN TRONG CN C CCH MNG V VNG GII PHNG (1954-1975)

2.1. Gio dc Ph Yn giai on 1954-1960 2.2. Gio dc Ph Yn giai on 1961-1965 2.3. Gio dc Ph Yn giai on 1966 1968 2.4. Gio dc Ph Yn giai on 1969 -1975
III. GIO DC PH YN TRONG VNG CHNH QUYN SI GN TM CHIM

3.1. H thng t chc gio dc Ph Yn trong vng ch tm chim 3.2. Phong tro u tranh yu nc ca gio vin hc sinh Ph Yn trong vng kim sot tm thi ca chnh quyn Si Gn
IV. CHI VIN CA HU PHNG LN XHCN MIN BC CHO GIO DC PH YN PHN TH BA. GIO DC PH YN T NGY THNG NHT

T NC NM 1975 N NM 2005 CHNG V. GIO DC PH YN NHNG NGY U GII PHNG V TRONG THI K HP NHT PH YN VI KHNH HA (1975 1989)
I. GIO DC PH YN TRONG NHNG NGY U GII PHNG

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