Chng 2:

Tng quan v kinh doanh quc t

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Ni dung chnh
Khi nim kinh doanh quc t Ti sao cng ty tham gia vo th trng quc t Nm mc hi nhp kinh t quc t

Khi nim kinh doanh quc t

Kinh doanh quc t l cc hot ng kinh doanh/ giao dch ca cc doanh nghip (c t nhn ln nh nc) trn phm vi nhiu hn 1 quc gia Theo Griffin and Pustay (1996, p. 8) Bt kz mt giao dch kinh doanh no m cc bn tham gia n t nhiu hn mt quc gia th l kinh doanh quc t.
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Mt s khi nim quan trng lin quan n kinh doan quc t

Cng ty quc t: bt kz cng ty c hot ng lin quan n cc hat ng thng mi hoc u t quc t Thng mi quc t xy ra khi mt cng ty xut khu hng ha hoc dch v cho khch hng mt nc khc u t quc t din ra khi mt cng ty u t ngun lc cho cc hot ng kinh doanh ra bn ngoi lnh th quc gia ca n
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Mt s khi nim quan trng lin quan n kinh doan quc t

Cng ty a quc gia (Multinational Company or Enterprise MNC/MNE) thng l nhng cng ty ln vi hot ng kinh doanh dn tri trn nhiu quc gia Cng ty ton cu (Global Company - GC) l nhng cng ty a quc gia c chun ha trong qun l v hot ng. Cng ty xuyn quc gia (Transnational Corporation -TNC) l nhng cng ty hot ng khng bin gii, khng th xc nh r quc tch

Ti sao cng ty kinh doanh quc t?

Gim thiu chi ph M rng th trng Gim thiu ri ro Tn dng cc ti nguyn thin nhin Cc chnh sch ca nc mnh Cc chnh sch ca nc s ti

Ti sao cng ty kinh doanh quc t

M rng th trng
Mun gia nhp vo mt th trng mi Nhiu cng ty i u vi nguy c khi SP ang i vo giai on suy thoi th trng c (ni a) Ngy cng nhiu th trng mi c thu nhp u ngi (GNP per capita) tng nhanh t c tnh kinh t nh quy m Nhng ci tin trong cc h thng vn ti v truyn thng

Ti sao cng ty kinh doanh quc t

Gim thiu ri ro
Vic tip cn nhiu ngun nguyn liu v th trng c th gip gim thiu bt cc ti ro chnh tr Gim thiu cc ri ro kinh t do nhng khc bit trong chu kz kinh t cc nc

V sao phi tm hiu v kinh doanh quc t?

Quc gia khc bit (cc quc gia khc nhau s c nhiu im khc bit v : vn ha, chnh tr, lut php, mc pht trin kinh t, trnh cng ngh) Tnh phc tp trong vic qun l cc hot ng kinh doanh quc t (Phm vi rng hn, nhiu vn a dng phc tp hn ) Hot ng kinh doanh quc t phi c vn hnh trong khun kh ca h thng thng mi v u t quc t (Phi hiu v cp nht cc qui nh, quy c, cam kt ca cc khun kh ny) Cc giao dch quc t lin quan n vic chuyn i ngoi t (Phi c chnh sch i ph vi nhng ri ro t gi trong ngoi thng)

Cc phng thc kinh doanh quc t

Xut khu Licensing Franchising Lin doanh Cng ty 100% vn nc ngoi

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Hi nhp kinh t
Hi nhp kinh t khu vc lin quan n cam kt gia cc quc gia trong mt vng lnh th a l v vic gim bt cc hng ro cn dng chy sn phm, dch v v cc nhn t sn xut gia cc nc trong khu vc S hnh thnh cc khu vc kinh t v cc cam kt thng mi khu vc lm tng s cnh tranh gia cc khu vc kinh t vi nhau

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Cc hnh thc hi nhp kinh t

Khu vc t do thng mi: d b hng ro mu dch cc sn phm v dch v gia cc nc trong khu vc, nhng mi nc s c chnh sch mu dch ring i vi cc nc ngoi khu vc
The European Free Trade Association gm Na Uy, Iceland, Liechtenstein v Thy S North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) gm M, Canada v Mexico

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Cc hnh thc hi nhp kinh t

Lin minh hi quan: d b nhng ro cn gia cc quc gia thnh vin v c chung chnh sch thng mai i ngoi vi cc nc khng phi thnh vin
The Andean Pact bao gm Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador v Peru

Th trng chung: khng c nhng ro cn thng mi gia cc nc thnh vin, c chung chnh sch ngoi thng v cc yu t sn xut c th dch chuyn t do
MERCOSUR: Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay v Uruguay

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Cc hnh thc hi nhp kinh t

Lin minh kinh t: sn phm v cc nhn t sn xut c th di chuyn t do gia cc nc thnh vin, c chnh sch ngoi thng chung, c ng tin chung, c cn i v thu sut ln nhau, c chung chnh sch ti chnh v tin t
The European Union

Lin minh chnh tr: c chung mt b my chnh tr tng ha cc chnh sch kinh t, x hi v i ngoi

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Li ch ca hi nhp kinh t
Li ch kinh t
Cc quc gia u s thu c li nh t do thng mi

Li ch chnh tr:
Thc y hp tc i thoi chnh tr v gim xung t v trang gia cc nc Tng quyn lc chnh tr ca khi so vi cc nc bn ngoi

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The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Thnh lp vo ngy 1/1/1994, gm ba nc thnh vin M, Canada v Mexico Bi b 99% thu nhp khu cho hng ha giao dch gia cc nc thnh vin D b hu ht cc ro cn i vi dng chy dch v xuyn bin gii Bo v quyn s hu tr tu Xa b hu ht nhng gii hn v FDI gia ba nc Cho php mi quc gia t thit lp nhng tiu chun ring v mi trng, nhng phi da trn nn tng khoa hc Quy nh nhng ch ti nh tin pht, ct quyn thng mi nu nh li lng nhng tiu chun v mi trng, ng k cht lng lin quan n an ton v sc khe, tin lng ti thiu hay lao ng tr em

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The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Mt tch cc:
Mexico c thm nhiu vic lm, cc nh sn xut s di c v phng nam tn dng chi ph sn xut r. Qua thc y kinh t Mexico pht trin M v Canada c li t th trng rng ln hn th trng ni a, hng ha xut x t Mexico c gi r hn Cc cng ty M v Canada chuyn dch b phn sn xut sang Mexico s c li th cnh tranh ln hn trn th trng th gii

Nhng tn ti:
Cng vic gim v tin lng gim M v Canada Lao ng Mexico bc tin nhim mi trng tng do Mexico khng qun l cht ch Mexico cng tr nn ph thuc vo hai nc ng minh

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The European Union (EU)

EU c thnh lp nh l mt h qu ca hai cuc chin tranh th gii, cc nc trong khu vc cng c mong mun mt nn ha bnh lu di v cng c v th chnh tr kinh t ca h trn th gii Tin thn ca EU l the European Coal and Steel Community c thnh lp nm 1951 The European Economic Community c thnh lp nm 1957 sau Treaty of Rome vi mc tiu bin chu u thnh th trng chung Hin nay EU c 27 nc thnh vin, dn s 501 triu ngi v GDP $16.4 ngn t
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The European Union (EU)

Nm 1993, the Maastrict Treaty thng nht rng cc nc thuc EU s s dng ng tin chung 1/1/1999 tin Euro ra i trn s sch k ton, ngy 1/1/2002 tin giy v tin xu c a vo s dng ng Euro hin nay l h thng tin t ln th hai th gii sau dollar M Hin nay c 16 quc gia trong khi s dng ng euro. Cc nc cn li cha p ng iu kin gia nhp h thng tin t euro. Ring ba nc Anh, an Mch v Thy in iu kin, nhng khng ng gia nhp
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The European Union (EU)

Li ch ca ng euro:
D kim sot hn so vi mt h thng nhiu ng tin khc nhau Vic s dng mt ng tin chung lm cho vic so snh gi c trn khp chu u tr nn d dng hn Cc nh sn xut chu u buc lng phi ct gim chi ph sn xut duy tr bin li nhun y mnh tnh lu ng ca th trng vn chu u Tng s la chn cc phng n u t cho nh u t c nhn v nh u t t chc

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The European Union (EU)

Nhng nguy c t ng euro:
Gnh nng trch nhim ca mi nc thnh vin Mt t ch quc gia

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Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Thnh lp nm 1967, gm 10 nc thnh vin 28/7/1995 Vit Nam tham gia ASEAN Hng ti t do thng mi gia cc nc thnh vin, hp tc trong cc chnh sch v cng nghip v hp tc chnh tr v ha bnh v s n nh trong khu vc

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