dkjiksjsV dk;Z ea=ky;

Hkkjr ljdkj

iwath cktkj ds
uo fuoskdksa dh ekxZfunsZfkdk

Hkkjr
fuoskd LkIrkg
TkqykbZ 12&17] 2010

okZHkj pyus okys fuoskd tkx:drk dk;Ze ds vUrxZr ,d igy

Izkdkkd :

Editor :
Prithvi Haldea
PRIME Database
Under the aegis of Investor Education and Protection Fund.

dkjiksjsV dk;Z ea=ky;

Hkkjr ljdkj

iwath cktkj ds
uo fuoskdksa dh ekxZfunsZfkdk

Hkkjr
fuoskd LkIrkg
TkqykbZ 12&17] 2010

okZHkj pyus okys fuoskd tkx:drk dk;Ze ds vUrxZr ,d igy

Izkdkkd :

Ministry of Corporate Affairs

Government of India
Shastri Bhawan, New Delhi-110 001

MESSAGE
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has decided to mainstream the investor awareness
program as a national agenda during the current financial year. For this purpose, we
have partnered with a number of institutions who will be organizing more than
3,000 investor programmes throughout the country during the current financial
year. We are also organizing the 'India Investor Week' during July 2010 with the
theme 'Informed investor an Asset to Corporate India'. The Ministry is bringing out
a comprehensive investor guide on this occasion which will help the aam aadmi
desirous of making investments to understand their rights and responsibilities as
well as various investment instruments along with their associated risks and returns.
I am sure that the publication of this Book will be a significant step in spreading
awareness on investor issues and will help in integrating the common man into the
corporate economy of the country.

Salman Khurshid
Minister of State (I/C) for
Corporate Affairs

Ministry of Corporate Affairs

Government of India
Shastri Bhawan, New Delhi-110 001

MESSAGE
With a view to convert the investor education and awareness programme of the
Ministry into a mass movement, it has been decided to upscale this initiative in a big
way and to bring a number of organizations as partners in this area. In order to
educate the investors in an easy to understand manner, the Ministry has decided to
bring out a book that provides lucid information on various investment instruments
and the rights and responsibilities associated with each one of them. The
publication of this book will help in encouraging a much larger number of common
people to participate in the corporate economy. This will be a small contribution by
the Ministry of Corporate Affairs towards the national agenda of inclusive growth. I
am sure that a large number of investors existing and potential will benefit from
the content of this Book which has been edited by Shri Prithvi Haldea, a noted expert
on the subject.

R. Bandyopadhyay
Secretary,
Ministry of Corporate Affairs

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fuos'kd tkx:drk dks vkxs c<+kus vkSj fuos'kd fgrksa ds lqj{kk ds fy, dh xbZ gSA
vkbZbiZ h,Q dh fofHkUu xfrfofk;ksa esa lsfeukj vkSj ehfM;k ds ek;e ls fuos'kdksa
dks f'kf{kr djuk ,oa tkx:drk iSnk djuk rFkk muesa tkx:drk iSnk djus vkSj
laj{k.k djus ls lEcfUkr ifj;kstukvksa ds fy, ku dh O;oLFkk djuk 'kkfey gSA bl
iz;kstu ds fy, vkbZbZih,Q us rhu osclkbVksa dk izk;kstu Hkh fd;k gSA

vkbZbZih,Q dh fuos'kd lEcfUkr osclkbV

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izfr"Bkuksa dh lwph Fkh ftuesa 72517 dEifu;ka@QeasZ rFkk 33]947 O;fDr 'kkfey FksA
buesa vusd jsxqysVjh fu;ked laLFkkvksa }kjk fd, x, vkns'kksa ls lEcfUkr ekeys
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dks budh la[;k 27 yk[k ls vfkd FkhA
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;g ,d lefiZr] fu%'kqYd iksVZy gS tks ,d gh LFkku ls fofHkUu izdkj dh
vFkkfjfV;ksa izkfkdj.kksa lEcUkh fuos'kdksa dh f'kdk;rksa dk lekkku djus ds mi;ksx
esa yk;k tkrk gS] ftuesa dEiuh ekeyk ea=ky; jftLVkj vkQ dEiuht+] lsch vkSj
fjtoZ cSd
a vkQ bf.M;k tSlh laLFkk,a 'kkfey gSAa osclkbV ij lHkh f'kdk;rsa yh tkrh
gSa ftudk lekkku djuk gksrk gS ;k fQj ftUgsa dEiuh vFkok lEcfUkr fu;kedksa
jsxqysVlZ ls lekkku ds fy, ysuk gksrk gSA
fuos'kd viuh f'kdk;rsa ykWx&bu dj ldrs gSa ftudk lEcak iwt
a h cktkj vkSj
dEiuh fMikftV ls gksrk gS vkSj os vklkuh ls QkeZ Hkj ldrs gSa rFkk viuh f'kdk;rksa
ds vkuykbu lekkku dh izxfr ij utj j[k ldrs gSaA
cM+h la[;k esa fuos'kd bl lqfokk dk ykHk mBk jgs gSaA

lEiknd ds 20 ea=
foosdiw.kZ <ax ls cpkb,---mlls Hkh vfkd cqf)ekkiwoZd fuos'k dhft,
fuos'k
w fuos'k djuk vR;ar vko';d gS
w vkidks fuos'k djuk pkfg, vU;Fkk vkidh cpr dk ewY; ?kVsxk@; 'kfDr
de gksxhA
w ijUrq vlkokkuh ;k ykijokgh Hkjk fuos'k vkids ku ds fy, tksf[ke okyk gksrk
gSA
foosdiw.kZ fuos'k ds 20 ea=
ea= 1
dsoy cqfu;knh etcwr dEifu;ksa esa fuos'k djsa
w dsoy laox
s h monuetum ;k iSUuh LVkd okyh dEifu;ksa esa fuos'k ij u tk,a
w dsoy ,slh dEifu;ksa esa fuos'k djsa ftudh uhao etcwr gks( ;s og dEifu;ka gksrh
gSa tks cktkj dk ncko >sy ldrh gSa vkSj yEcs le; esa csgrj izn'kZu ns ldrh
gSAa
w bZfDoVh fuos'k dks dEiuh@izeksVj dks okil cspk ugha tk ldrk gSA
w lkDr LVkWd Hkh rjy LVkWd gksrs gSaA
ea= 2
;ku ls if<+,
w viuh xk<+h dekbZ ds lkFk tqvk er [ksfy,A
w ;Fkksfpr lkokkuh cjruk vko';d gSA
w vkWQj izLrko dks ;ku ls if<+,A bl lykg ij pyuk cM+k eqf'dy dke gS
D;ksfa d vkWQj nLrkost 1000 i`"Bksa ls Hkh vfkd ds gksrs gS(a laf{kIr fooj.k&if=dk
Hkh i<+uk eqf'dy gksrk gSA fQj Hkh] vkidks i<+uk gh pkfg,] de ls de fjLd
QSDVlZ] fyfVxs'ku] izeksVlZ] dEiuh bfrgkl] izkt
s Ds V] bZ'kw ds ms';ksa vkSj ize[q k
fokh; vkadM+ksa okys fgLls rks nsf[k, ghA
3

ea= 3
thou&ph fuos'k viukb,
w tc vki ;qok gksrs gSa rks vfkd tksf[ke mBk ldrs gSaA
w 50 o"kZ dh vk;q ikj djus ij tksf[ke baLVqesaV ls cpuk 'kq: dhft,A
w 55@60 o"kZ dh vk;q iagp
q us ij vkidks bZfDoVh ls iwjh rjg ls cpuk gksxk tc
vkidks ubZ vkenuh gksuk can gks tkrh gS rks vki viuh iwath xaokus dk [krjk
ugha mBk ldrs gSaA ml vk;q esa vkids ikl vkSj csgrj fodYi gks ldrs gSa
ftlds fy, vki Vhoh ij mu fodYiksa dks ns[k ldrs gSaA
ea= 4
vkbZihvks esa fuos'k dhft,
w vkbZihvks esa fuos'k csgrj gSA
tc 'ks;j ij p<+rs gSa rks yxHkx lHkh vkbZihvks lf; jgrs gSa vkSj cgqr
ls ekeyksa esa rks lwphc) fnuksa esa buls dkQh cM+k ykHk fey ldrk gSaA ;fn
fuos'kdrkZ dks ykHk ugha gksrk gS rks le> yhft, ;k rks og ykyph gS ;k fQj
mlus xyr dEiuh@m|ksx@cktkj pquk gSA rc mls vkbZihvks dks nks"k ugha
nsuk pkfg,A ;kn jf[k, fd--w vkbZihvks [kjhns tkrs gSa( bUgsa fuos'kdrkZ ij yknk ugha tkrk gSA
w leL;k ;g gS fd ge vkbZihvks dks isMLVy Lrj ij j[krs gSa vkSj mEehn djrs
gSa fd muls fujarj csgrj izn'kZu feyrk jgsA lwphc) fnol esa ,d vkbZihvks
lwphc) LVkd cu tkrk gSA rc og oSlk gh vkpj.k djrk gSA
w r; dhft, fd D;k vki vkbZihvks esa fuos'k djuk pkgrs gSa ;k dEiuh esa\ ;fn
vki vkbZihvks ds :i esa djrs gSa rks lwphc) fnol ij ku fudky yhft,A ;fn
vki dEiuh esa ku yxkrs gS]a rks vki lwphc) LVkd dh rjg fuos'k djrs jfg,A
tks Hkh gks] fuos'k rHkh dhft, tc D;wvkbZch vksoj lClfI'ku csgrj gksA
fuos'k ds fy, ,,lch, dk iz;ksx dhft,A
ea= 5
izR;sd ih,l;w vkbZihvks esa vo'; fuos'k dhft,
w ih,l;w ds vkbZihvks gh cgqr vPNs vkSj ykHkizn gksrs gSa( muesa tksf[ke vkSj
kks[kkkM+h ds volj Hkh de gksrs gSaA
4

[kqnjk fuos'kd ds fy, ges'kk fMLdkmaV jgrk gSA

w lwphc) ewY; ls ijs'kku u gksb,( fuos'k djrs jfg,A
w

ea= 6
E;qpqvy QaM eas fuos'k dhft,] ijUrq lgh QaM vkSj ;kstuk pqfu,
w Hkkjr es]a E;qpv
q y QaM ij dkjiksjVs ku dk dCtk gS vkSj NksVs fuos'kdksa ij de
;ku jgrk gSA
w fQj Hkh] E;qpqvy QaM NksVs fuos'kdksa ds fy, csgrj fuos'k dk lkku gSA
w cgqr ls E;qpqvy QaM gSa] cgqr lkjh ;kstuk,a gSa( lgh QaM@;kstuk pqfu,A
ea= 7
cspus dh dyk lhf[k,
w cgqr ls fuos'kd [kjhnrs gSa vkSj fQj mUgsa vius ikl cuk, j[krs gSaA ehfM;k
ij vusd fo'ks"kK Hkh [kjhnus vkSj vius ikl j[kus dh lykg nsrs gSa] 'kk;n gh
dksbZ cspus dh lykg nsrk gksA
w ykHk rHkh gksrk gS tc og vkids cSad esa igqaprk gS u fd ;g flQZ vkids
jftLVj ;k ,Dlsy 'khV esa cuk jgrk gksA
w ;kn jf[k,] vki cktkj ds ykHk ls vfkd ykHk ugha dek ldrs gSa] blfy,
ykyph er cfu,A
w ykHk dk viuk ,d y{; jf[k, vkSj csfp,A
ea= 8
dsoy iathr fcpkSfy;ksa ls lkSnk dhft,
w cktkj esa ,sls cgqr ls vufkr vkizsVj gksx
a s tks vkidks ykyp nsx
a s fd vkidks
cM+k Hkkjh ykHk gksxk vkSj fQj vkidk iSlk ysdj xk;c gks tk,axsA
w iathr fcpkSfy;ksa ls lkSnk djuk vfkd lqjf{kr gS vkSj muds f[kykQ fu;ked
dkjZokbZ djus dk jkLrk [kqyk jgrk gSA
ea= 9
dgha vki ykyp ds f'kdkj u gks tk,a!
w cgqr ls ?kksVkysckt vkids ykyp dk Qk;nk mBkus ds fy, ?kwers jgrs gSaA
w vfkdka'k ?kksVkysckt NksVs fuos'kdksa dks ywVrs gSaA
5

ku ywVus okyksa ls vki lkokku jfg,!

ea= 10
ehfM;k ls lkokku jfg,] fo'ks"k :i ls LVkd ijke'kZnkrkvksa vkSj
bysDVkfud ehfM;k ls lrdZ jfg,
w iwath cktkj esa cgqr lkjs ^^lTtu iq:"k** gSa tks eqr lykg nsrs gSaA
w okLro esa] buesa ls vusd ijke'kZnkrkvksa ds vius fufgr LokFkZ gksrs gSaA
w gka] ,l,e,l vkSj bZ&esy ds tfj, kuh cuus dh ;kstukvksa ls Hkh lkokku jfg,!
ea= 11
foKkiuksa ds >kals esa er vkb,
w foKkiuksa dk dke gh vkidks csodwQ cukuk gSA
w vkd"kZd lqf[kZ;ksa] vihfyax fotqvyksa] fny Nwus okys lans'kksa esa er cg tkb,!
ea= 12
fuf'pr@xkj.Vhr ykHkdkjh ;kstukvksa ls cfp,
w ;fn dksbZ O;fDr cSd
a dh mkkjh njksa ls vfkd ykHk nsus dh is'kd'k djrk gS rks
;g lafnXk gksrh gSA
w ;kn jf[k, fd IySUVsku dEifu;ka cM+s ykHk nsus dk ok;nk djrh gSa dqN ekeyksa
esa budk ok;nk ,d fnu esa 50 izfr'kr ls Hkh vfkd jgrk gSA
ea= 13
xzs ekdsZV ds vfkewY; ykHkka'k izhfe;k ls lkokku jfg,
w ;s vfkewY; ykHkka'k f=e gksrs gSa vkSj lkekU;r;k ;s Lo;a izeksVjksa dh jpuk
gksrh gSA
ea= 14
{ks=h; mUekn esa er cg tkb,
w vktdy ykftfLVd vkSj bakLVDpj ds ckjs esa {ks=h; mUekn dk nkSj py jgk
gSA
w ;kn jf[k, fd fdlh Hkh {ks= dh lHkh dEifu;ka vPNh ugha gksrh gSaA izR;sd {ks=
esa dqN vPNh dEifu;ka gksrh gS]a dqN dkQh vPNh dEifu;ka fxuh tkrh gSa rks fQj
6

dqN [kjkc dEifu;ka Hkh gksrh gSaA

w mu dEifu;ksa ls Hkh lkokku jfg, tks fdlh izn's k dh vklfDr dks n'kkZus ds fy,
vius uke esa ifjorZu dj ysrh gSA
ea= 15
^daQVZ* QSDVj ij vko';drk ls vfkd ;ku u nsa] tSls
w vkbZihvks xzfs Max
w Lora= funs'kd
ea= 16
ys[kksa ds vkfMV gksus ds vk/kkj ij vka[k ewan dj fu.kZ; u ysa
w kMqysaV ,dkm.V~l vkSj fokh; ifj.kkeksa ds xyr foKkiuksa dh vusdksa ?kVuk,a
gks pqdh gSaA lR;e dk ekeyk vkidh vka[k [kksy ldrk gSA
w ys[kksa dh dfe;ksa vkSj fVIif.k;ksa dks if<+,A
w fo'ks"k :i ls] ikVhZ lkSnksa] fofok _.knkrkvksa] lgk;d ys[kksa lEcakh vlkkkj.k
izfof"V;ksa ij ;ku nsaA
ea= 17
t:jh ugha gS fd lLrs 'ks;j [kjhnus yk;d gkasa
w dher ij utj u j[ksa] ewY; dks igpkusaA
w dher de gks ldrh gS D;kafs d dEiuh okLro esa Bhd dke u dj jgh gks ijUrq]
vki dEiuh@lsDVj ls xqejkg gks ldrs gSaA
cnrj fLFkfr gks ldrh gS fd dher blhfy, de gks D;ksafd 'ks;jksa ds
vafdr ewY;ksa dks foHkDr :i esa fn[kk;k gksA 500 ls vfkd dEifu;ksa uss vius
'ks;jksa dks foHkDr :i esa fn[kk;k gSA
w rdkZkkj ;g gS% NksVs fuos'kd 'ks;j [kjhn ldsaA
w MhesV ds :i esa oSk ugha] dksbZ O;fDr ,d 'ks;j Hkh [kjhn ldrk gSA
w okLrfod iz;kstu^ gksrk gS fd 'ks;j ^^lLrs** fn[kkbZ iM+saA
w ,slh dEifu;ka gS ftuds 50 :i;s ds 'ks;j dks 1%10 ds vuqikr esa foHkDr fd;k
x;k gSA

ea= 18
,slh dEifu;ksa ls lkokku jgsa ftuds izeksVjksa us Lo;a vius uke ls
'ks;j @okj.V ys fy, gksa
w izeksVjksa dks izssaf'k;y 'ks;jksa dk vkoaVu lnSo dsoy izeksVjksa ds ykHk ds fy,
gksrk gSA lgh jkLrk jkbV b';w gksuk pkfg,A
ea= 19
dkjiksjsV xousZal ,okMZ@lh,lvkj ls csodwQ u cusa
w vusd kks[ksckt dEifu;ksa dh kVuk,a lkeus vkbZ gSa tks vius lh,l vkSj
lh,lvkj xfrfofk;ksa dks c<+k p<+k dj crkrh gSaA
vkf[kjh ea= 20
bZekunkj cfu,
w Lo;a bZekunkj cfu, rHkh vki bzZekunkjh dh ekax dj ldrs gSaA
w ge cgqr detksj fuos'kd gSa@dksbZ etcwr fuos'kd ,lksfl,'ku ugha gSa@lc
dqN 'kkar Hkko ls lgu dj ysrs gSaA
w vko';drk gS fd ge etcwr fuos'kd la?k cuk,a@'kkfey gksa vkSj vius gd ds
fy, yM+saA
w xyr rjhdksa ds okil fy, tkus dh ekax djus dh vko';drkA

fuos'kdksa ds vfkdkj
iwath cktkj
iwathcktkj izfrHkwfr;ksa bZfDoVh vkSj _.k dk cktkj gS] tgka dEifu;ka vkSj
ljdkj nh?kkZofk QaM ,d= djrh gS vkSj lSds.Mjh xkS.k cktkj mu izfrHkwfr;ksa ds
fy, VsfMax IysVQkeZ dk dke djrk gSA lsch vkSj vkjchvkbZ tSlh fu;ked laLFkk,a
iwath cktkj dks fu;fer djrh gS ,oa mu ij lexzn`f"V j[krh gSa rkfd cktkj dk
O;ofLFkr :i ls fodkl gks lds vkSj fuos'kdksa dh lqj{kk dh tk ldsA
'ks;jkkjd dEiuh ds okLrfod ekfyd gksrs gSAa mUgsa dEiuh }kjk vPNk izn'kZu
djus ij ykHkka'kksa vkSj iwt
a h o`f) ds ek;e ls ykHk gksrk gSA nwljh rjQ] ;fn dEiuh
dk izn'kZu [kjkc jgrk gS rks mUgsa vius fuos'k dk vkaf'kd Hkkx vFkok lEiw.kZ Hkkx
xaokus dk tksf[ke Hkh cuk jgrk gSA
'ks;jkkjdksa ds :i esa vfkdkj
l
vkoaVu gksus ;k fukkZfjr le; esa [kjhnus ij 'ks;j izkIr djukA
l
okf"kZd fjiksVksZa dh izfr;ka izkIr djuk] ftuesa rqyu i=] ykHk vkSj gkfu fooj.k
rFkk ys[kk ijh{kdksa dh fjiksVZ 'kkfey jgrh gSA
l
;Fkk le; ykHkka'k izkIr djukA
l
jkbV~l 'ks;j] cksul vkfn tSls vuqeksfnr dkjiksjsV ykHk izkIr djukA
l
Vsdvksoj] fMfyfLVax ;k iqu[kZjhn dh fLFkfr esa vkQj izkIr djukA
l
dEiuh dh lkkkj.k cSBdksa esa Hkkx ysuk@oksV nsukA
l
dEiuh ds iathr dk;kZy; esa lkafofkd jftLVjksa dk fujh{k.k djukA
l
diViw.kZ vkSj ^fuos'kd&foijhr* dEifu;ksa ds f[kykQ f'kdk;r djuk vkSj
lekkku izkIr djukA
l
;fn dEiuh ls Hkwy&pwd gks rks mlds f[kykQ flfoy vFkok vkijkfkd dkjZokbZ
djukA
l
okbfMax vi dh fLFkfr esa vof'k"V fch&jkf'k izkIr djukA
fMcsapjkkfj;ksa ds :i esa vfkdkj
l
fukkZfjr le; ij C;kt@fjMsEi'ku jkf'k izkIr djukA
l
vuqjksk ij VLV MhM dh izfrfyfi izkIr djukA
9

ifjiDork dh rkjh[k ij fMcsapj ds fjMsai'ku esa Hkwy&pwd gksus ij lh,ych ds

lkeus vkosnu djukA
;fn dEiuh viuk _.k pqdk ugha ikrh gS rks dEiuh dh okbafMx vi lekiu
fd, tkus ds fy, vkosnu djukA
f'kdk;rksa ds fy, fMcsapj VLVh ds le{k iagqp djukA

izfrHkwfr;ksa ds srk@fosrk ds fuEu lEcakh fo"k;ksa ij vfkdkj

w loksZke ewY;
w izHkkfjr ewY;@czksdjst dk izek.k
w le; ij ku jkf'k@'ks;j
w czksdj] fMikftVjh vkfn ls ys[kk&fooj.k bR;kfnA
izfrHkwfr;ksa ds srk@fosrk ds :i esa nkf;Ro
w czksdj] fMikftVjh vkfn ds lkFk leqfpr vuqcak djuk
w oSk daVsDV uksV vuqcak i= vius ikl j[kuk
w le; ij Hkqxrku djuk
w le; ij 'ks;j lqiqnZ djuk
fuEu ds f[kykQ lekkku ds vfkdkj
w kMqys.V izkblst diViw.kZ dhersa
w vuqfpr czksdjst
w kujkf'k ;k 'ks;jksa dh izkfIr esa foyEc
fuos'kd ds :i esa] vkidk mkjnkf;Ro gS fd&
l
tkudkfj;kssa ls voxr jgsa
l
lrdZ jgsa
l
Lo;a vius ;k xzqi ds :i esa vius vfkdkjksa dk iz;ksx djsa

10

D;k djas vkSj D;k u djsa

izkbejh ekdsZV izkFkfed cktkj
D;k djsa
P fooj.k if=dk@laf{kIr fooj.k&if=dk dks ;kuiwoZd i<+sa] fo'ks"k
:i ls fuEufyf[kr ij ;ku nsa%
P tksf[ke rRo
P izeksVjksa dh i`"BHkwfe
P dEiuh dk bfrgkl
P dEiuh ds f[kykQ eqdnesckth vkSj vU; Hkwy&pwd
P fokh; fooj.k
P fuxZe bZ'kw dk ms';
P fuxZe bZ'kw ewY; dk vkkkj
P vkosnu ds fy, fgnk;rsa
P ;fn dksbZ lansg @leL;k gks rks izLrko vkWQj iqfLrdk esa fn, uke okys
vuqikyu vfkdkjh ls lEidZ djsaA
P ;fn vkidks fukkZfjr vofk esa MhesV ,dkm.V esa sfMV ;k vkosnu jkf'k
dk iSlk okil u feys rks bZ'kwdrkZ dEiuh ds vuqikyu vfkdkjh vkSj
iksLV&bZ'kw yhM eSustj ls f'kdk;r ntZ djk,aA
D;k u djsa
O fdlh Hkh bZ'kwdrkZ ;k vU; fdlh ds vUrfuZfgr@Li"V ok;ns ls izHkkfor u gksAa
O cktkj esa py jgh 'ks;jksa dh c<+kr
s jh ;k mlh m|ksx dh vU; dEifu;ksa ds 'ks;jksa
;k bZ'kwdrkZ dEiuh@xzqi dEifu;ksa ds 'ks;jksa esa mNky ds vkkkj ij gh fuos'k
er dhft,A
O ;g mEehn er dhft, fd bZ'kwdrkZ dEiuh ds lwphc) gksus ij blds 'ks;jksa dh
dher vko;d :i ls c<+sxh vkSj geskk c<+rs gh tk,xhA

lsds.Mjh ekdsZV xkS.k cktkj

D;k djsa
P fuos'k djus ls iwoZ dEiuh dh fo'oluh;rk] blds izcaku] ewy fl)karksa vkSj
11

P
P
P
P
P
P
P

P
P
P
P
P
P

muds }kjk dh xbZ gky dh ?kks"k.kkvksa rFkk fofHkUu fofu;eksa ds vUrxZr dh xbZ
vU; vfHkO;fDr;ksa dks ij[k ysaA ,Dlpsatksa vkSj dEifu;ksa dh osclkbVsa] MkVk
osM
a jksa ds MkVkcsl] fctusl lekpkji= vkSj if=dk,a vkfn tkudkjh izkIr djus
ds lzksr gks ldrs gSaA
viuh tksf[ke ogu djus dh {kerk dks ysdj viuh VsfMax@fuos'k j.kuhfr
viukb, D;ksfa d lHkh fuos'kksa esa dqN u dqN tksf[ke dh ek=k rks jgrh gh gS tks
viukbZ xbZ fuos'k j.kuhfr ds vuqlkj le;&le; ij cnyrh jgrh gSA
fuos'k djus ds ckjs esa viuk fu.kZ; ysus ls igys vius fuos'k dh tksf[ke lgu
djus vkSj rjyrk ,oa lqj{kk igyqvksa dk vkdyu dhft,A
dsoy lsch&ekU;rk izkIr LVkWd ,Dlpsatksa ds lkFk gh dkjksckj dhft,A
dsoy lsch&jftLVMZ czksdjksa@lc&czksdjksa ds lkFk dkjksckj dhft,A
;ku ls if<+, vkSj czksdj ds lkFk ,dkm.V [kksyus ds fy, lHkh vko';d
vkSipkfjdrk,a iwjh dhft, DykbaV jftLV's ku] DykabV VsM esEcj ,xzhesVa vkfn
^^uks ;ksj DykbaV ,xzhesaV** ij gLrk{kj djsaA
vius czksdj@lc&czksdj@Mhih dks lkQ&lkQ vkSj lqLi"V funsZ'k nhft,A
izR;sd lkSns ds fy, daVDs V uksV vo'; ysa vkSj bldh izkfIr ds rqjra ckn daVDs V
uksV ds fooj.kksa dk lR;kiu dj ysaA ;fn dgha dksbZ lansg gks rks ,Dlpsat
osclkbV ij miyCk vkids VsM fooj.kksa ds lkFk klpSd dj ysaA
fukkZfjr le; esa vko';d equkQk ekftZu nsaA
fch ds ekeys esa 'ks;j@fMikftVjh iphZ vkSj [kjhn ds ekeys esa kujkf'k dh
vnk;xh fukkZfjr le; ds vanj djsaA
czkd
s jst@Hkqxrku@equkQk ekftZu vkfn dh vnk;xh dsoy vfkr O;fDr dks
gh djsaA
equkQk ekftZu lEcakh dksysVy fMikftV dh jlhn izkIr dj ysaA
vius Mhih ls izkIr VkatsD'ku vkSj gksfYMax LVsV~esaV nksuksa dh tkap dj ysaA
Mhih }kjk tkjh fMyhojh baLVD'ku fLyi MhvkbZ,l dks laHkky dj ;ku ls
j[ksaA ;ku j[ksa fd MhvkbZ,l uEcj iwoZ&eqfnzr gks vkSj vkids [kkrk la[;k
xzkgd vkbZMh ij igys ls LVkEi yxh gksA
;fn vkidk ysu&nsu ckj&ckj u gksrk gks rks vki vius MhesV ,dkm.V ds fy,
hftax lqfokk dk mi;ksx djsaA
12

P vius lHkh fuos'k nLrkostksa dh izfr;ka jf[k,A dksbZ Hkh lkSnk djus ls iwoZ vius

lHkh lEcfUkr iz'uksa dks iwfN, vkSj vius lansg feVk Mkfy,A
D;k u djsa
O er Hkwfy, fd fdlh Hkh fuos'k esa lEHkkfor tksf[ke jgrk gh gSA
O vkWQ&ekdsZV VkatsD'ku er dhft,A
O viathr fcpkSfy, ds lkFk lkSnk er dhft,A
O vokLrfod izfrykHk ;k xkj.Vhr izfrykHk ds ok;nksa dk f'kdkj er cfu,A
O lquh&lqukbZ ckr] vQokg vkSj fVIl tSlh ckrksa ds vkkkj ij fuos'k er dhft,A
O fdlh O;kikj esa vpkud c<+h ek=k ;k ewY;ksa ;k ehfM;k esa fdlh dEiuh ds gd
esa izdkf'kr ys[kksa@fooj.kksa ds vkkkj ij vki izHkkfor u gksdj fdlh ewy :i
ls detksj dEifu;ksa iSUuh LVkWd dh [kjhnkjh ls cpsaA
O HksM+pky er pfy, vkSj u gh vkosx esa cg tkb,A
O Vhoh pSuyks@
a osclkbVks@
a ,l,e,l ij fn, x, ijke'kkZuqlkj fcuk lksps le>s
fuos'k er dhft,A
O fdlh O;fDr ds ncko esa vkdj ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr dks fuos'k ls gq, ykHk dh
udy djds dksbZ fu.kZ; fcuk lksps le>s er yhft,A
O cktkj dk fglkc j[kus dh dksf'k'k er dhft,A
O bl ckr ls xqejkg u gks fd dEifu;ksa dks ljdkjh ,tsfa l;ksa ls Lohfr@jftLV's ku
fey x;k gS D;ksfa d lEHko gS fd ;s Lohfr;ka fdlh vU; iz;kstu ls nh xbZ gksAa
O dEifu;ksa ds fokh; izn'kZu ds ckjs esa fn, x, foKkiuksa esa er cg tkb,A
O dkjiksjV
s fodkl ij ehfM;k fjiksVkZas ij fcuk lksps le>s er ;ku nhft, D;ksfa d
buesa ls dqN fjiksVsZa Hkzked gks ldrh gSaA
O iksLV MsVsM&pSdksa }kjk vkids fuos'k vkSj izfrykHk dh okilh Hkqxrku dh
xkjf.V;ksa ls xqejkg u gksaA
O vius lansgksa@f'kdk;rksa ds lekkku ds fy, mi;qDr vfkdkfj;ksa ds ikl tkus
ls er fgpfdpk,aA
O vius MhesV ,dkm.V dh gLrk{kfjr dksjh fMyhojh baLVD'ku fLyi MhvkbZ,l
[kqys esa er jf[k,A
O vius Mhih ;k vius czksdj dks gLrk{kfjr dksjh MhvkbZ,l er nhft,A
13

czksdjksa vkSj lc&czksdjksa ls dkjksckj

D;k djsa
P dsoy lsch ls jftLVMZ czkd
s jks@
a lc&czkd
s jksa ls dkjksckj dhft, vkSj lR;kiu dj
yhft, fd czksdj@lc&czksdj ds ikl lsch dk oSk jftLVs'ku izek.ki= gSA
P lkQ&lkQ crkb, fd vkidh vksj ls dkSu vkMZj ns ldrk gS vkSj vius
czksdj@lc&czksdj dks lkQ&lkQ vkSj lqLi"V funsZ'k nsaA
P vkizs'ku 'kq: djus ls igys czksdj }kjk gLrk{kfjr DykbaV jftLVs'ku QkeZ
vo'; ysaA
P vius czksdj@lc&czksdj ds lkFk djkj ,xzhesaV dhft, ftlesa Li"V :i ls
'krsaZ fukkZfjr jgsaA
P gLrk{kj djus ls iwoZ ,xzhesaV vkSj tksf[ke izdVhdj.k nLrkost ;ku ls vo';
i<+ ysaA
P lqfuf'pr dhft, fd vki ,xzhesV
a ds lHkh i`"Bksa ij gLrk{kj djsa vkSj czksdj ;k
vfkr izfrfufk Hkh ,xzhesaV ds lHkh i`"Bksa ij gLrk{kj djasA ,xzhesaV ij xokgksa
ds Hkh gLrk{kj gksa ftuds uke vkSj irs fn, tk,aA
P Vkt
a sD'ku gksus ds 24 ?k.Vs ds vUnj dh xbZ VsM ds oSk daVsDV uksV@daQesZa'ku
eheks Hkh vo'; ysaA
P ,d ckj ewy izfr izkIr gksus ij] czksdj ds ikl j[kk tkus okyk daVsDV
uksV@daQesZ'ku eheks ij vki gLrk{kj djsaA
P izR;sd lSVyesaV dk fcy vo'; ysaA
P lqfuf'pr dhft, fd daVsDV uksV ij czksdj dk uke] VsM Vkbe vkSj uEcj]
VkatsD'ku izkbl vkSj czksdjst lqLi"V :i ls fy[kh gksA
P fu;fer vofk esa ys[kk&fooj.k vo'; ysaA
P vius pSd@MkV dks dsoy czksdj ds VsM uke ij gh tkjh djsaA
P lqfuf'pr dhft, fd Hkqxrku ds 48 ?k.Vksa ds vUnj Hkqxrku@fMyhojh dh jlhn
izkIr gks tk,A
P fookn gksus ij] ;qfDr;qDr le; ds vUnj fcpkSfy,@LVkd ,Dlpst
a @lsch dks
fyf[kr f'kdk;r Qkby djsaA
P lc&czksdj ds lkFk fookn esa] eq[; czksdj dks rqjar lwfpr djsaA
14

P LVkWd ,Dlpsatksa@lsch }kjk tkjh fu;eksa] fofu;eksa vkSj ifji=ksa dh tkudkjh

j[ksAa
P fu;fer :i ls vius MhesV ,dkm.V esa vius iksVZQksfy;ks dk ;ku j[ksaA
P [kjhnus ls igys lqfuf'pr dj ysa fd vkids ikl vko';d ku gSA
P cspus ls igys lqfuf'pr dj ysa fd vkids ikl flD;ksfjVht izfr Hkwfr;ka gSaA
D;k u djsa
O vufkr czkd
s jks@
a lc&czkd
s jksa ;k vU; viathr fcpkSfy;ksa ds lkFk dkjksckj u
djsAa
O fcuk 'krksZa dks iwjh rjg le>s fdlh fcpkSfy, ds lkFk dksbZ nLrkost ,DthD;wV
u djsaA
O fdlh czksdj@lc&czksdj ds ikl viuh MhesV VkatsD'ku fLyi cqd u NksM+saA
O Hkys gh czksdj@lc&czksdj fdruk gh vkidk tkuk&igpkuk vkSj e'kgwj O;fDr
gks] vki lHkh VkatsD'kuksa ds lHkh nLrkost ysuk u HkwysaA

E;qpqvy QaM
D;k djsa
P fuos'k ls igys vkWQj nLrkost ;kuiwoZd i<s+saA
P ;ku jf[k, fd E;qpqvy QaM esa fuos'k tksf[ke Hkjk gS vkSj t:jh ugha gS fd
bu ls ykHk feys gh feysA
P vius fuos'k ms';ksa vkSj tksf[ke lgu ds vuqlkj fdlh ;kstuk esa fuos'k
dhft,A
P ;ku jf[k, fd fdlh ;kstuk ;k fdlh QaM dk foxr izn'kZu ml ;kstuk ;k
QaM ds Hkkoh izn'kZu dk |ksrd ugha gksrk gSA foxr izn'kZu Hkfo"; esa cuk Hkh jg
ldrk gS vkSj ugha Hkh cuk jg ldrk gSA
P ftu ;kstukvksa esa vki fuos'k fd;k gS muds ,u,oh ij ;ku jf[k,A
P lqfuf'pr djsa fd vkidks vius fuos'k@fjMsEi'ku dk ys[kk&fooj.k izkIr gksrk
gSA
D;k u djsa
O fdlh Hkh ;sktuk esa flQZ blfy, fuos'k u djsa fd dksbZ O;fDr vkidks deh'ku
15

O
O
O
O
O

;k dksbZ vU; balsfUVo] migkj vkfn ns jgk gSA

fdlh ;kstuk@E;qpqvy QaM ds uke esa er cg tkb,A
fdlh ;kstuk@QaM ds foxr izn'kZu ;k Hkkoh izfrykHkksa ds ok;ns ek= ls gh fuos'k
er dhft,A
fuos'k esa tksf[ke gksrk gS] bl ckr dks uksV djuk dHkh u HkwysaA
vius lansgksa@f'kdk;rksa ds lekkku ds fy, mi;qDr vfkdkfj;ksa ds ikl tkus
ls er fgpfdpk,aA
fdlh ,ts.V@czkd
s j Mhyj] ftldk ,,e,QvkbZ esa iathdj.k u gqvk gks] mlds
lkFk dkjksckj er dhft,A

iqu[kZjhn
D;k djsa
P izLrkfor iqu[kZjhn lEcakh fo'ks"k izLrko dks foLrkjiwoZd if<+, vkSj fQj fu.kZ;
yhft,A
P iqu[kZjhn esa vkWQj ewY; dh rqyuk fiNys dqN eghuksa ds nkSjku cktkj ewY;ksa
ds lkFk dhft, vkSj lkFk gh lkFk dEiuh dh izfr 'ks;j dh vk;] cqd osY;w vkfn
ls Hkh dhft, vkSj fQj r; dhft, fd D;k vkWQj fd;k x;k ewY; ;qfDrlaxr
gSA
P 'ks;j ds VsaMj ds le; vkosnu djus ds fy, funsZ'kksa dks ;kuiwoZd if<+,A
P lqfuf'pr dhft, fd vkidk vkosnu i= fukkZfjr le; esa dysD'ku lsaVj ds
ikl igqap tk,A
P vkWQj i= esa ekaxs x, lHkh dkxtkr lkFk esa yxkb,A
P vkWQj i= esa crkbZ xbZ fofk iksLV@dwfj;j@gS.M fMyhojh@lkkkj.k Mkd
vkfn ls vkosnu i= Hksft,A
P ;fn ftrus 'ks;jksa dks nsus dh ckr dgh xbZ gS] dEiuh ls dksbZ izR;qkj izkIr ugha
gksrk gS rks epsZ.V cSad ls lEidZ dhft,A
P fdlh izdkj dh f'kdk;r gksus ij vkWQj i= esa mfYyf[kr vuqikyu vfkdkjh
ls lEidZ dhft,A
P ;fn dEiuh ,DV dk vfre.k gksrk gS rks jftLVkj vkWQ dEiuht+ ls lEidZ
dhft,A
16

D;k u djsa
O eYVhiy vkosnuksa dks izLrqr er dhft,A
O lkQ v{kjksa esa vkosnu Hkjuk er Hkwfy,A
O vkosnu i= dks for er dhft,A
O vkosnu i= dks xyr irs ij er Hksft,A
O vkosnu i= dks vkWQj dh rkjh[k lekfIr ds ckn er Hksft,A
O vkosnu i= esa iwjh lwpuk nsuk er Hkwfy,A
O vkosnu i= ij gLrk{kj djuk er Hkwfy,A
O vkosnu i= esa xyr@ijLij fojkskkRed lwpuk,a er nhft,A

vksiu vkQlZ Vsdvksoj fofu;ekoyh ds vUrxZr

D;k djsa
P vkWQj Lohdkj djus dk fu.kZ; ysus ls iwoZ lqfuf'pr dhft, fd vkids ikl lHkh
izfrLikhZ vkQlZ vkSj vkQj esa la'kkskuksa@vkWQj ewY;ksa dh tkudkjh gSA
P izfrLikhZ vkWQj ;k vkWQj eas la'kkskuksa ds fooj.kksa ds fy, jk"Vh; nSfud lekpkj
i=ksa@lsch dh osclkbV nsf[k,A
P ;ku nhft, fd vkWQj dkuwuh Lohfr;ksa ds vkhu gksrk gS tSlk fd vkWQj i=
esa mfYyf[kr jgrk gSA
P ;g pSd dj yhft, fd D;k vkWQj ,slh rks ugha gS fd tks dEiuh dh lwph ls
dV tk,xhA
P MhesV okys 'ks;jksa es]a lqfuf'pr dhft, fd sfMV vkWQj dh lekfIr dh rkjh[k
ls igys Lis'ky fMiksftVjh ,dkm.V esa izkIr gks tkrk gSA
P vkWQj i= esa mfYyf[kr nLrkostksa dh gS.M fMyhojh ds le;@fnuksa dks ;ku
ls uksV dhft,A
P viuh Lohfr nsus ls iwoZ vkWQj vkQ fjohtu dh vkf[kjh rkjh[k vFkkZr~ vkQj
dh lekfIr dh rkjh[k ls iwoZ ds 7 dk;Z fnol rd izrh{kk dhft,A
P ;fn vki vius 'ks;jksa dh fudklh pkgrs gSa rks vkWQj dh lekfIr dh rkjh[k ls
igys 3 dk;Z fnolksa rd fdlh Hkh fufnZ"V dysD'ku lsVa j esa vkWQj i= ds lkFk
layXu fonMkvy QkeZ dks Hkst nhft,A
P lqfuf'pr dhft, fd Lohfr QkeZ] VkaLQj MhM] fMikft+Vjh baLVD'ku vkSj
17

fonMkvy QkeZ ij ,d tSls gh gLrk{kj gksus pkfg, vkSj ;g mlh e esa gksus
pkfg, tSlk fd dEiuh ds fjdkMZ esa gSA
P vkWQj nLrkost izkIr u gksus dh fLFkfr esa vki lkns dkxt ij vko';d fooj.k
Hkj dj vkosnu nsrs gq, vkWQj ls Vs.Mj ;k fonMk dj ldrs gSaA
D;k u djsa
O viuh Lohfr iznku djus ds fy, vkWQj dh vkf[kjh rkjh[k dh izrh{kk u
dhft,A
O Hksts tkus okys VkaLQj MhM esa [kjhnkj@VkaLh dk fooj.k er Hkfj,A
O vkwjk vkosnui=@voSk nLrkost Qkby u djsaA

lkewfgd fuos'k ;kstuk

D;k u djsa
P lqfuf'pr dhft, fd laxBu lsch esa iathr gSA
P vkWQj nLrkostksa dks ;kuiwoZd if<+,A
P ;kstuk dh ewY;kadu fjiksVZ if<+,A
P ifj;kstuk dh O;kogkfjdrk tkafp,A
P izeksVjksa dh i`"BHkwfe@fo'ks"kKrk tkafp,A
P lqfuf'pr dhft, fd laxBu dh lEifk@lEink ds LoRokfkdkj lkQ vkSj
foi.ku&;ksX; gSaA
P lqfuf'pr dhft, fd lkewfgd izcaku dEiuh lhvkbZ,elh ds ikl ;kstuk ds
dk;kZUo;u ds fy, vko';d lalkku gSaA
P ;kstuk dh sfMV jsfVax@VsU;ksj dh tkap dhft,A
P ;kstuk esa igys fd, x, ok;nksa ds eqdkcys mlds izn'kZu dh tkap dhft,A
P lqfuf'pr dhft, fd lhvkbZ,elh izR;sd fokh; o"kZ dh lekfIr dh rkjh[k ls
nks eghus ds vUnj viuh okf"kZd fjiksVZ dh izfr vkidks Hkstrk gSA
P ;kn jf[k, fd lsch fuos'kdksa dks izfrykHk dh xkj.Vh ;k ku okilh dh xkj.Vh
ugha nsrk gSA

18

D;k u djsa
O fdlh lhvkbZ,l laxBu] ftldk lsch esa iathdj.k u gqvk gks] fuos'k er
dhft,A
O bafMdsfVo ;k izfrykHk ok;nksa ;k cktkj esa QSyh vQokgksa@foKkiuksa esa er cg
tkb,A

MsjhosfVOl
D;k djsa
P ,Dlpsatksa ds fu;eksa] fofu;eksa] mi&fu;eksa vkSj izdVhdj.kksa dks i<+ yhft,A
P lsch esa iathr VsfMax lnL;ksa Vh,e ;k ,Dlpst
a esa iathr Vh,e ds vfkr
O;fDr ds ek;e ls gh O;kikj dhft,A
P fdlh vfkr O;fDr ds lkFk dkjksckj djrs gq, lqfuf'pr dj ysa fd dUVsDV
uksV Vh,e ;k vfkr O;fDr us gh tkjh fd;k gSA
P czksdjst@Hkqxrku@ekftZu vkfn dh vnk;xh dsoy Vh,e dks gh djsaA
P lqfuf'pr djsa fd gj dkjksckj ds fy, vkidks Vh,e }kjk gLrk{kfjr daVsDV
uksV izkIr gksrk gSA
P ekftZu lEcUkh jkf'k ds fy;s Vh,e ds ikl dksysVy fMikftV dh jlhn izkIr
djsAa
P DykbaV&Vh,e ,xzhesaV ds fooj.k if<+,A
P Vh,e ds eqdkcys vius vfkdkjksa vkSj dkZO;ksa dks tkfu,A
P ekdsZV@^ekftZu dkWyksa esa viuh fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, mlls tqM+s tksf[ke dks
lef>,A
P Vh,e ls@dks nSfud vkkkj ij viuh Hkkoh fLFkfr ij ekdsZV ekftZu ij ekdZ
DysDV djas@iznku djsaA
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O tksf[ke izdVhdj.k nLrkost dks i<+us vkSj le>us ls igys VsfMax 'kq: er
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s DV ij mlls tqMs tksf[ke vkSj ykHk dks tkus fcuk Vfs Max er dhft,A

19

; izf;k
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l
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:i ls E;qpqvy QaM dh [kjhnkjh@fch iznku djrs gSaA
l
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vc vki izfrHkwfr;ka [kjhn@csp ldrs gSaA

20

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21

vkHkkj ,oa vLohdkjksfDr

vkHkkj
geus bl iBu lkexzh dks dkjiksjVs ekeyksa ds ea=ky; (www.mca.gov.in)]
baoLs Vj ,tqd's ku ,aM izkVs Ds 'ku QaM www.iepf.gov.in] lsch www.sebi.gov.in]
,u,lbZ www.nseindia.com] ch,lbZ www.bseindia.com] ,elh
,Dl&,l,Dl www.mcx-sx.com] vkSj iz k be Ms V kcs l
www.primedatabase.com dh osclkbVksa rFkk vkbZlh,vkbZ] vkbZlh,lvkbZ rFkk
vkbZlhMCY;w,vkbZ dh miyCk lwpukvksa ls ize[q k :i ls rS;kj@ladfyr@:ikarfjr
fd;k gSA
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geus ;gka tks Hkh tkudkfj;ka vkidks nh gS]a mudk ize[q k ms'; lwpuk dk izlkj
,oa ek= iwath cktkj ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ij fuos'kdksa ds chp tkx:drk iSnk djuk
gSA ;|fi bl iBu lkexzh dh rS;kjh@ladyu esa geus dkQh lkokkuh vkSj deZBrk
cjrh gS] fQj Hkh ;fn dksbZ O;fDr bl iBu lkexzh dks i<+ dj dksbZ dkjZokbZ djrk
gS ;k fu.kZ; ysrk gS rks dkjiksjsV dk;Z ea=ky; ;k lEiknd ;k bl iBu lkexzh dks
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gSAa

22