26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Ek A

Yo
gunluk Hesab icin UNESCO
Ba
gnts

Scaklk, tuzluluk ve basnc (su derinligi) verildiginde deniz suyu yogunlugunu

hesaplamak icin pek cok ampirik form
ul onerilmistir. Bunlar arasndan
Millero ve Poisson (1981) tarafndan gelistirilen bagnt UNESCO ilgili birimi tarafndan kabul gorm
us [?] ve Deniz Suyu Yogunlugu Uluslararas Denklemi1 olarak isimlendirilmistir.
Deniz suyu yo
gunlu
gu (s, t, p), tuzluluk (), scaklk (o C) ve basncn
(bar) fonksiyonu olarak,
(s, t, p) = (s, t, 0)/[1 p/K(s, t, p)]
bagntsndan hesaplanr. Basncn bar olarak saysal degeri, yaklask olarak
su derinliginin 1/10u olarak alnabilir. (s, t, 0) ve K(s, t, p) asagda verildigi
gibidir.
s,t,0 = 999.842594 + 6.793952 102 T 9.09529 103 T 2
+1.001685 104 T 3 1.120083 106 T 4 + 6.536332 109 T 5
+(0.824493 4.0899 103 T + 7.6438 105 T 2 )S
(8.2467 107 T 3 5.3875 109 T 4 )S + 4.8314 104 S 2
(5.72466 103 1.0227 104 T + 1.6546 106 T 2 )S 3/2
Ks,t,p = 19652.21 + 148.4206 T 2.327105 T 2 + 1.360477 102 T 3
5.155288 105 T 4 + (3.239908 + 1.43713 103 T )p
+(1.16092 104 T 2 5.77905 107 T 3 )p
+(8.50935 105 6.12293 106 T + 5.2787 108 T 2 )p2
+(54.6746 0.603459 T + 1.09987 102 T 2 6.167 105 T 3 )S
+(7.944 102 + 1.6483 102 T 5.3009 104 T 2 )S 3/2
+(2.2838 103 1.0981 105 T 1.6078 106 T 2 )p S
(9.9348 107 2.0816 108 T 9.1697 1010 T 2 )p2 S
+1.91075 104 p S 3/2
1 International

Equation of State of Seawater.

1

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Fiziksel Deniz Bilimleri

Yukardaki denklemlerden hesaplanan degerlerin dogrulugu asagdaki tabloda

verilen degerlerle karslastrlarak kontrol edilebilir.
S

T oC

p bar

(s, t, p)

K(s, t, p)

0
0
0
0
35
35
35
35

5
5
25
25
5
5
25
25

0
1000
0
1000
0
1000
0
1000

999.96675
1044.12801
997.04795
1037.90204
1027.67546
1069.48913
1023.34306
1062.53817

20337.80465
23643.52687
22100.72180
25405.09789
22185.93444
25577.49903
23726.35019
27108.94572

Uygulama olarak, p = 1560 dbar basnc (z = 1560 m derinlik), T =

5.9 C scaklk, S = 35.33 tuzluluk degerleri olan su yogunlugu s,t,p =
1034.89891 kg/m3 olarak bulunur.
o

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Ek B

Yo
gunluk Hesab icin Tablolar

Tuzluluk, scaklk ve basnc (su derinligi) verildiginde tablolar kullanlarak

su yo
gunlu
gu asa
gda verilen asamalarla hesaplanr. Uygulama olarak, p =
1560 dbar basnc (z = 1560 m derinlik), T = 5.9o C scaklk, S = 35.33
tuzluluk degerleri olan su yogunlugu hesaplanmaktadr.
t : Tuzluluk aralg 30.00 ile 39.99 icin verilen t tablolarnda kullanlr.
Bu gruptaki tablolarda T = 5.9o C olmadgndan daha k
ucu
k olan en yakn
scaklk T = 5.82o Cye kars gelen t = 23.65 ve tuzluluk d
uzeltme carpan
f = 0.7900 degerleri okunur. Verilen tuzluluk degerinin, 35.33, son u
c
basama
g kullanlarak:
t = 23.65 + 5.33 0.7900 = 27.8607

t = 27.86 kg/m3

s,t : Hesaplanan t = 27.86 degeri kullanlarak, s,t tablolarndan

105 s,t = 25.2 cm3 /g.
s,p : Verilen basnc p = 1560 dbar ve tuzluluk S = 35.33 degerlerine kars
gelen s,p de
geri interpolasyonla 105 s,p = 0.8 cm3 /g bulunur.
t,p : Verilen basnc p = 1560 dbar ve scaklk T = 5.9o C degerlerine kars
gelen t,p de
geri interpolasyonla 105 t,p = 21.0 cm3 /g olarak elde edilir.
: Tanmlamaya uygun olarak, = s,t + s,p + t,p + s,t,p ifadesinden,
s,t,p ihmal edilerek, 105 = 47.0 cm3 /g bulunur.
35,0,p : Verilen basnc degeri p = 1560 dbar icin interpolasyonla 35,0,p =
0.96576 cm3 /g olarak hesaplanr.
s,t,p : Tanm geregi, s,t,p = 35,0,p + dr. Buna gore, s,t,p = 0.96576 +
47.0 105 = 0.96623 olarak elde edilir.
gunluk, s,t,p = 1/s,t,p ifadesinden s,t,p = 1/0.96623 =
s,t,p : Yo
1.03495 g/cm3 veya s,t,p = 1034.95 kg/m3 t
ur. s,t,p = 1034.95 1000 =
34.95 olarak bulunur. Ek Ada verilen UNESCO form
ul
u ayn su ornegi icin
s,t,p = 1034.90 kg/m3 vermektedir.

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Fiziksel Deniz Bilimleri

t (kg/m3 )
S=20.00 29.99
T oC
12.06
.12
.19
.25
.31
.37
.42
.49
12.55
.61
.67
.73
.79
.85
.91
.97
13.03
.09
.14
.20
.26
.32
.38
.43
.49
13.55
.60
.66
.72
.77
.83
.88
.94
.99

t
15.01
.00
14.99
.98
.97
.96
.95
.94
14.93
.92
.91
.90
.89
.88
.87
.86
14.85
.84
.83
.82
.81
.80
.79
.78
.77
14.76
.75
.74
.73
.72
.71
.70
.69
.68

.7710

.7700

.7690

.7680

T oC
14.05
.10
.16
.21
.27
.32
.38
.43
.49
14.54
.59
.65
.70
.75
.81
.86
.91
.96
15.01
.07
.12
.17
.22
.27
.33
.38
.43
.48
15.53
.58
.63
.68
.73
.78

t
14.67
.66
.65
.64
.63
.62
.61
.60
.59
14.58
.57
.56
.55
.54
.53
.52
.51
.50
14.49
.48
.47
.46
.45
.44
.43
.42
.41
.40
14.39
.38
.37
.36
.35
.34

.7670

.7660

.7650

.7640

T oC
15.83
.88
.93
.98
16.03
.08
.13
.18
.23
.28
.33
.38
.43
.47
16.52
.57
.62
.67
.72
.76
.81
.86
.91
.95
17.00
.05
.10
.14
.19
.24
.28
.33
.38
.42

t
14.33
.32
.31
.30
14.29
.28
.27
.26
.25
.24
.23
.22
.21
.20
14.19
.18
.17
.16
.15
.14
.13
.12
.11
.10
14.09
.08
.07
.06
.05
.04
.03
.02
.01
.00

.7640

.7630

.7620

.7610

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Yo
gunluk Hesab icin Tablolar

t (kg/m3 )
S=20.00 29.99
T oC
17.47
17.52
.56
.61
.65
.70
.75
.79
.84
.88
.93
.97
18.02
.06
.11
.15
.20
.24
.29
.33
.38
.42
.47
18.51
.55
.60
.64
.69
.73
.77
.82
.86
.91
.95

t
13.99
13.98
.97
.96
.95
.94
.93
.92
.91
.90
.89
.88
13.87
.86
.85
.84
.83
.82
.81
.80
.79
.78
.77
13.76
.75
.74
.73
.72
.71
.70
.69
.68
.67
.66

f
.7610

.7600

.7590

.7580

T oC
18.99
19.04
.08
.12
.17
.21
.25
.29
.34
.38
.42
.46
19.51
.55
.59
.63
.68
.72
.76
.80
.84
.89
.93
.97
20.01
.05
.10
.14
.18
.22
.26
.30
.34
.38

t
13.65
13.64
.63
.62
.61
.60
.59
.58
.57
.56
.55
.54
13.53
.52
.51
.50
.49
.48
.47
.46
.45
.44
.43
.42
13.41
.40
.39
.38
.37
.36
.35
.34
.33
.32

f
.7580

.7570

.7560

.7560

T oC
20.42
.47
20.51
.55
.59
.63
.67
.71
.75
.79
.83
.87
.91
.95
.99
21.03
.07
.11
.15
.19
.23
.27
.31
.35
.39
.43
.47
21.51
.55
.59
.63
.67
.71
.74

t
13.31
.30
13.29
.28
.27
.26
.25
.24
.23
.22
.21
.20
.19
.18
.17
13.16
.15
.14
.13
.12
.11
.10
.09
.08
.07
.06
.05
13.04
.03
.02
.01
.00
12.99
.98

f
.7560

.7560

.7550

.7540

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Fiziksel Deniz Bilimleri

t (kg/m3 )
S=20.00 29.99
T oC
21.78
.82
.86
.90
.94
.98
22.03
.06
.09
.13
.17
.21
.25
22.29
.32
.36
.40
.44
.48
.51
.55
.59
.63
.67
.70
.74
.78
.82
.85
.89
.93
.97
23.00
.04

t
12.97
.96
.95
.94
.93
.92
12.91
.90
.89
.88
.87
.86
.85
12.84
.83
.82
.81
.80
.79
.78
.77
.76
.75
.74
.73
.72
.71
.70
.69
.68
.67
.66
12.65
.64

.7540

.7540

.7530

.7520

T oC
23.08
.12
.15
.19
.23
.27
.30
.34
.38
.41
.45
.49
23.52
.56
.60
.63
.67
.71
.74
.78
.82
.85
.89
.92
.96
24.00
.03
.07
.11
.14
.18
.21
.25
.29

t
12.63
.62
.61
.60
.59
.58
.57
.56
.55
.54
.53
.52
12.51
.50
.49
.48
.47
.46
.45
.44
.43
.42
.41
.40
.39
12.38
.37
.36
.35
.34
.33
.32
.31
.30

.7520

.7510

.7510

T oC
24.32
.36
.39
.43
.46
24.50
.54
.57
.61
.64
.68
.71
.75
.78
.82
.85
.88
.92
.96
.99
25.03
.06
.10
.13
.17
.20
.23
.27
.31
.34
.38
.41
.45
.48

t
12.29
.28
.27
.26
.25
12.24
.23
.22
.21
.20
.19
.18
.17
.16
.15
.14
.13
.12
.11
.10
12.09
.08
.07
.06
.05
.04
.03
.02
.01
.00
11.99
.98
.97
.96

.7510

.7500

.7500

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Yo
gunluk Hesab icin Tablolar

t (kg/m3 )
S=20.00 29.99
T oC
25.52
.55
.59
.62
.65
.69
.72
.76
.79
.83
.86
.89
.93
.96
26.00
.03
.06
.10
.13
.17
.20
.23
.27
.30
.34
.37
.40
.44
.47
26.50
.54
.57
.60
.63

t
11.95
.94
.93
.92
.91
.90
.89
.88
.87
.86
.85
.84
.83
.82
11.81
.80
.79
.78
.77
.76
.75
.74
.73
.72
.71
.70
.69
.68
.67
11.66
.65
.64
.63
.62

.7490

.7490

.7480

T oC
26.66
.70
.74
.77
.80
.83
.87
.90
.94
.97
27.00
.04
.07
.10
.13
.17
.20
.23
.27
.30
.33
.36
.40
.43
.46
27.50
.53
.56
.59
.63
.66
.69
.72
.75

t
11.61
.60
.59
.58
.57
.56
.55
.54
.53
.52
11.51
.50
.49
.48
.47
.46
.45
.44
.43
.42
.41
.40
.39
.38
.37
11.36
.35
.34
.33
.32
.31
.30
.29
.28

.7480

.7480

.7470

T oC
27.78
.82
.85
.88
.92
.95
.98
28.01
.05
.08
.11
.14
.17
.21
.24
.27
.30
.33
.36
.40
.43
.46
.49
28.52
.56
.59
.62
.65
.68
.71
.75
.78
.81
.84

t
11.27
.26
.25
.24
.23
.22
.21
11.20
.19
.18
.17
.16
.15
.14
.13
.12
.11
.10
.09
.08
.07
.06
.05
11.04
.03
.02
.01
.00
10.99
.98
.97
.96
.95
.94

.7470

.7460

.7460

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Fiziksel Deniz Bilimleri

t (kg/m3 )
S=20.00 29.99
T oC
28.87
.90
.93
.97
29.00
.03
.06
.09
.12
.15
.18
.21
.25
.28
.31
.34
.37
.40
.43
.46
.49
29.52
.56
.59
.62
.65
.68
.71
.74
.77
.80
.83
.86
.89

t
10.93
.92
.91
.90
10.89
.88
.87
.86
.85
.84
.83
.82
.81
.80
.79
.78
.77
.76
.75
.74
.73
10.72
.71
.70
.69
.68
.67
.66
.65
.64
.63
.62
.61
.60

.7460

.7450
T oC
29.92
.96
.99

.7450

t
10.59
.58
.57

f
.7450

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Yo
gunluk Hesab icin Tablolar

t (kg/m3 )
S=30.00 39.99
T oC
-2.00
-1.75
-1.13
-0.71
-0.37
-0.08
0.18
0.42
0.64
0.85
1.05
.24
.41
1.58
.75
.91
2.06
.21
.35
2.50
.63
.77
.90
3.03
.15
.27
.40
3.51
.62
.74
.86
.97
4.07
.18

t
24.15
.14
24.13
24.12
24.11
.10
24.09
.08
24.07
.06
24.05
.04
.03
24.02
.01
24.00
23.99
.98
.97
23.96
.95
.94
.93
23.92
.91
.90
.89
23.88
.87
.86
.85
.84
23.83
.82

f
.8120
.8100
.8090
.8070
.8050
.8040
.8020

.8010

.8000

.7980

.7970

.7950

.7940

T oC
4.29
.40
4.50
.60
.70
.80
.90
5.00
.09
.19
.27
.37
.46
5.56
.65
.73
.82
.91
6.00
.08
.17
.25
.34
.42
6.50
.59
.67
.75
.83
.91
.99
7.06
.14
.22

t
23.81
.80
23.79
.78
.77
.76
.75
23.74
.73
.72
.71
.70
.69
23.68
.67
.66
.65
.64
23.63
.62
.61
.60
.59
.58
23.57
.56
.55
.54
.53
.52
.51
23.50
.49
.48

f
.7940

.7930

.7910

.7900

.7890

.7880

.7860

C
7.30
.37
.45
7.52
.60
.67
.75
.82
.89
.96
8.04
.11
.18
.25
.32
.39
.46
8.53
.60
.67
.74
.80
.87
.94
9.01
.07
.14
.20
.27
.34
.40
.47
9.53
.59

t
23.47
.46
.45
23.44
.43
.42
.41
.40
.39
.38
23.37
.36
.35
.34
.33
.32
.31
23.30
.29
.28
.27
.26
.25
.24
23.23
.22
.21
.20
.19
.18
.17
.16
23.15
.14

f
.7860

.7850

.7840

.7830

.7820

.7810

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Fiziksel Deniz Bilimleri

10

t (kg/m3 )
S=30.00 39.99
T oC
9.66
.72
.79
.85
.91
.97
10.04
.10
.16
.22
.28
.34
.40
.47
10.53
.59
.65
.71
.77
.82
.88
.94
11.00
.06
.12
.18
.23
.29
.35
.41
.46
11.52
.58
.63

t
23.13
.12
.11
.10
.09
.08
23.07
.06
.05
.04
.03
.02
.01
.00
22.99
.98
.97
.96
.95
.94
.93
.92
22.91
.90
.89
.88
.87
.86
.85
.84
.83
22.82
.81
.80

.7810

.7790

.7780

.7770

.7760

T oC
11.69
.74
.80
.86
.91
.97
12.02
.08
.13
.19
.24
.30
.35
.40
.46
12.51
.57
.62
.67
.73
.78
.83
.88
.94
.99
13.04
.09
.15
.20
.25
.30
.35
.40
.46

t
22.79
.78
.77
.76
.75
.74
22.73
.72
.71
.70
.69
.68
.67
.66
.65
22.64
.63
.62
.61
.60
.59
.58
.57
.56
.55
22.54
.53
.52
.51
.50
.49
.48
.47
.46

.7760

.7750

.7740

.7730

T oC
13.51
.56
.61
.66
.71
.76
.81
.86
.91
.96
14.01
.06
.11
.16
.21
.26
.31
.36
.40
.45
14.50
.55
.60
.65
.70
.74
.79
.84
.89
.94
.98
15.03
.08
.13

t
22.45
.44
.43
.42
.41
.40
.39
.38
.37
.36
22.35
.34
.33
.32
.31
.30
.29
.28
.27
.26
22.25
.24
.23
.22
.21
.20
.19
.18
.17
.16
.15
22.14
.13
.12

.7720

.7710

.7700

.7690

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Yo
gunluk Hesab icin Tablolar

11

t (kg/m3 )
S=30.00 39.99
T oC
15.17
.22
.27
.31
.36
.41
.45
15.50
.55
.59
.64
.69
.73
.78
.82
.87
.92
.96
16.01
.05
.10
.14
.19
.23
.28
.32
.37
.41
.46
16.50
.55
.59
.63
.68

t
22.11
.10
.09
.08
.07
.06
.05
22.04
.03
.02
.01
.00
21.99
.98
.97
.96
.95
.94
21.93
.92
.91
.90
.89
.88
.87
.86
.85
.84
.83
21.82
.81
.80
.79
.78

.7690

.7680

.7680

.7670

T oC
16.72
.77
.81
.86
.90
.94
.99
17.03
.07
.12
.16
.20
.25
.29
.33
.38
.42
.46
17.51
.55
.59
.63
.68
.72
.76
.80
.85
.89
.93
.97
18.01
.06
.10
.14

t
21.77
.76
.75
.74
.73
.72
.71
21.70
.69
.68
.67
.66
.65
.64
.63
.62
.61
.60
21.59
.58
.57
.56
.55
.54
.53
.52
.51
.50
.49
.48
21.47
.46
.45
.44

.7670

.7660

.7650

.7640

T oC
18.18
.22
.27
.31
.35
.39
.43
.47
18.51
.55
.60
.64
.68
.72
.76
.80
.84
.88
.92
.96
19.00
.04
.08
.13
.17
.21
.25
.29
.33
.37
.41
.45
.49
19.53

t
21.43
.42
.41
.40
.39
.38
.37
.36
21.35
.34
.33
.32
.31
.30
.29
.28
.27
.26
.25
.24
21.23
.22
.21
.20
.19
.18
.17
.16
.15
.14
.13
.12
.11
21.10

.7640

.7630

.7630

.7620

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Fiziksel Deniz Bilimleri

12

t (kg/m3 )
S=30.00 39.99
T oC
19.57
.60
.64
.68
.72
.76
.80
.84
.88
.92
.96
20.00
.04
.08
.12
.15
.19
.23
.27
.31
.35
.39
.43
.46
20.50
.54
.58
.62
.66
.69
.73
.77
.81
.85

t
21.09
.08
.07
.06
.05
.04
.03
.02
.01
.00
20.99
20.98
.97
.96
.95
.94
.93
.92
.91
.90
.89
.88
.87
.86
20.85
.84
.83
.82
.81
.80
.79
.78
.77
.76

.7620

.7610

.7600

T oC
20.89
.92
.96
21.00
.04
.07
.11
.15
.19
.22
.26
.30
.34
.37
.41
.45
.49
21.52
.56
.60
.64
.67
.71
.75
.78
.82
.86
.89
.93
.97
22.00
.04
.08
.11

t
20.75
.74
.73
20.72
.71
.70
.69
.68
.67
.66
.65
.64
.63
.62
.61
.60
.59
20.58
.57
.56
.55
.54
.53
.52
.51
.50
.49
.48
.47
.46
20.45
.44
.43
.42

f
.7600

.7600

.7590

.7580

T oC
22.15
.19
.22
.26
.30
.33
.37
.40
.44
.48
22.51
.55
.59
.62
.66
.69
.73
.76
.80
.84
.87
.91
.94
.98
23.01
.05
.09
.12
.16
.19
.23
.26
.30
.33

t
20.41
.40
.39
.38
.37
.36
.35
.34
.33
.32
20.31
.30
.29
.28
.27
.26
.25
.24
.23
.22
.21
.20
.19
.18
20.17
.16
.15
.14
.13
.12
.11
.10
.09
.08

.7580

.7580

.7570

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Yo
gunluk Hesab icin Tablolar

13

t (kg/m3 )
S=30.00 39.99
T oC
23.37
.40
.44
.47
23.51
.54
.58
.61
.65
.68
.72
.75
.79
.82
.86
.89
.93
.96
24.00
.03
.07
.10
.13
.17
.20
.24
.27
.30
.34
.37
.41
.44
.48
24.51

t
20.07
.06
.05
.04
20.03
.02
.01
.00
19.99
.98
.97
.96
.95
.94
.93
.92
.91
.90
19.89
.88
.87
.86
.85
.84
.83
.82
.81
.80
.79
.78
.77
.76
.75
19.74

.7570

.7560

.7560

.7550

T oC
24.54
.58
.61
.65
.68
.71
.75
.78
.81
.85
.88
.92
.95
.98
25.02
.05
.08
.12
.15
.18
.22
.25
.28
.32
.35
.38
.42
.45
.48
25.52
.55
.58
.62
.65

t
19.73
.72
.71
.70
.69
.68
.67
.66
.65
.64
.63
.62
.61
.60
19.59
.58
.57
.56
.55
.54
.53
.52
.51
.50
.49
.48
.47
.46
.45
19.44
.43
.42
.41
.40

.7550

.7550

.7540

T oC
25.68
.71
.75
.78
.81
.85
.88
.91
.94
.98
26.01
.04
.08
.11
.14
.17
.21
.24
.27
.30
.34
.37
.40
.43
.46
26.50
.53
.56
.59
.63
.66
.69
.72
.75

t
19.39
.38
.37
.36
.35
.34
.33
.32
.31
.30
19.29
.28
.27
.26
.25
.24
.23
.22
.21
.20
.19
.18
.17
.16
.15
19.14
.13
.12
.11
.10
.09
.08
.07
.06

.7540

.7530

.7530

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Fiziksel Deniz Bilimleri

14

t (kg/m3 )
S=30.00 39.99
T oC
26.79
.82
.85
.88
.91
.95
.98
27.01
.04
.07
.11
.14
.17
.20
.23
.26
.30
.33
.36
.39
.42
.45
.48
27.52
.55
.58
.61
.64
.67
.70
.74
.77
.80
.86

t
19.05
.04
.03
.02
.01
.00
18.99
18.98
.97
.96
.95
.94
.93
.92
.91
.90
.89
.88
.87
.86
.85
.84
.83
18.82
.81
.80
.79
.78
.77
.76
.75
.74
.73
.71

.7530

.7520

.7520

T oC
27.89
.92
.95
.98
28.02
.05
.08
.11
.14
.17
.20
.23
.26
.29
.32
.36
.39
.42
.45
.48
28.51
.54
.57
.60
.63
.66
.69
.72
.75
.78
.81
.85
.88
.91

t
18.70
.69
.68
.67
18.66
.65
.64
.63
.62
.61
.60
.59
.58
.57
.56
.55
.54
.53
.52
.51
18.50
.49
.48
.47
.46
.45
.44
.43
.42
.41
.40
.39
.38
.37

.7520

.7510

.7510

T oC
28.94
.97
29.00
.03
.06
.09
.12
.15
.18
.21
.24
.27
.30
.33
.36
.39
.42
.45
.48
29.51
.54
.57
.60
.63
.66
.69
.72
.75
.78
.81
.84
.87
.90
.93

t
18.36
.35
18.34
.33
.32
.31
.30
.29
.28
.27
.26
.25
.24
.23
.22
.21
.20
.19
.18
18.17
.16
.15
.14
.13
.12
.11
.10
.09
.08
.07
.06
.05
.04
.03

f
.7510

.7510

.7500

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Yo
gunluk Hesab icin Tablolar

15

105 s,t (cm3 /g)

t
16.0 ........
16.1 ........
16.2 ........
16.3 ........
16.4 ........
16.5 ........
16.6 ........
16.7 ........
16.8 ........
16.9 ........
17.0 ........
17.1 ........
17.2 ........
17.3 ........
17.4 ........
17.5 ........
17.6 ........
17.7 ........
17.8 ........
17.9 ........
18.0 ........
18.1 ........
18.2 ........
18.3 ........
18.4 ........
18.5 ........
18.6 ........
18.7 ........
18.8 ........
18.9 ........
19.0 ........
19.1 ........
19.2 ........
19.3 ........
19.4 ........
19.5 ........
19.6 ........
19.7 ........
19.8 ........
19.9 ........

.00
1160.9
1151.2
1141.5
1131.8
1122.1
1112.5
1102.8
1093.1
1083.4
1073.8
1064.1
1054.4
1044.8
1035.1
1025.4
1015.8
1006.1
996.5
986.8
977.2
967.5
957.9
948.2
938.6
928.9
919.3
909.7
900.0
890.4
880.8
871.1
861.5
851.9
842.2
832.6
823.0
813.4
803.8
794.1
784.5

.01
1159.9
1150.2
1140.5
1130.9
1121.2
1111.5
1101.8
1092.1
1082.5
1072.8
1063.1
1053.5
1043.8
1034.1
1024.5
1014.8
1005.2
995.5
985.8
976.2
966.6
956.9
947.3
937.6
928.0
918.3
908.7
899.1
889.4
879.8
870.2
860.5
850.9
841.3
831.7
822.0
812.4
802.8
793.2
783.6

.02
1158.9
1149.3
1139.6
1129.9
1120.2
1110.5
1100.9
1091.2
1081.5
1071.8
1062.2
1052.5
1042.8
1033.2
1023.5
1013.9
1004.2
994.5
984.9
975.2
965.6
955.9
946.3
936.7
927.0
917.4
907.7
898.1
888.5
878.8
869.2
859.6
849.9
840.3
830.7
821.1
811.5
801.8
792.2
782.6

.03
1158.0
1148.3
1138.6
1128.9
1119.2
1109.6
1099.9
1090.2
1080.5
1070.9
1061.2
1051.5
1041.9
1032.2
1022.5
1012.9
1003.2
993.6
983.9
974.3
964.6
955.0
945.3
935.7
926.0
916.4
906.8
897.1
887.5
877.9
868.2
858.6
849.0
839.4
829.7
820.1
810.5
800.9
791.3
781.6

.04
1157.0
1147.3
1137.6
1128.0
1118.3
1108.6
1098.9
1089.2
1079.6
1069.9
1060.2
1050.6
1040.9
1031.2
1021.6
1011.9
1002.3
992.6
983.0
973.3
963.7
954.0
944.4
934.7
925.1
915.4
905.8
896.2
886.5
876.9
867.3
857.6
848.0
838.4
828.8
819.1
809.5
799.9
790.3
780.7

.05
1156.0
1146.4
1136.7
1127.0
1117.3
1107.6
1098.0
1088.3
1078.6
1068.9
1059.3
1049.6
1039.9
1030.3
1020.6
1011.0
1001.3
991.6
982.0
972.3
962.7
953.1
943.4
933.8
924.1
914.5
904.8
895.2
885.6
875.9
866.3
856.7
847.0
837.4
827.8
818.2
808.6
798.9
789.3
779.7

.06
1155.1
1145.4
1135.7
1126.0
1116.3
1106.7
1097.0
1087.3
1077.6
1068.0
1058.3
1048.6
1039.0
1029.3
1019.6
1010.0
1000.3
990.7
981.0
971.4
961.7
952.1
942.4
932.8
923.2
913.5
903.9
894.2
884.6
875.0
865.3
855.7
846.1
836.5
826.8
817.2
807.6
798.0
788.4
778.8

.07
1154.1
1144.4
1134.7
1125.1
1115.4
1105.7
1096.0
1086.3
1076.7
1067.0
1057.3
1047.7
1038.0
1028.3
1018.7
1009.0
999.4
989.7
980.1
970.4
960.8
951.1
941.5
931.8
922.2
912.6
902.9
893.3
883.6
874.0
864.4
854.8
845.1
835.5
825.9
816.3
806.6
797.0
787.4
777.8

.08
1153.1
1143.5
1133.8
1124.1
1114.4
1104.7
1095.1
1085.4
1075.7
1066.0
1056.4
1046.7
1037.0
1027.4
1017.7
1008.1
998.4
988.7
979.1
969.4
959.8
950.2
940.5
930.9
921.2
911.6
902.0
892.3
882.7
873.0
863.4
853.8
844.2
834.5
824.9
815.3
805.7
796.1
786.4
776.8

.09
1152.2
1142.5
1132.8
1123.1
1113.4
1103.8
1094.1
1084.4
1074.7
1065.1
1055.4
1045.7
1036.1
1026.4
1016.7
1007.1
997.4
987.7
978.1
968.5
958.8
949.2
939.5
929.9
920.3
910.6
901.0
891.4
881.7
872.1
862.5
852.8
843.2
833.6
824.0
814.3
804.7
795.1
785.5
775.9

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Fiziksel Deniz Bilimleri

16

105 s,t (cm3 /g)

t
20.0 ........
20.1 ........
20.2 ........
20.3 ........
20.4 ........
20.5 ........
20.6 ........
20.7 ........
20.8 ........
20.9 ........
21.0 ........
21.1 ........
21.2 ........
21.3 ........
21.4 ........
21.5 ........
21.6 ........
21.7 ........
21.8 ........
21.9 ........
22.0 ........
22.1 ........
22.2 ........
22.3 ........
22.4 ........
22.5 ........
22.6 ........
22.7 ........
22.8 ........
22.9 ........
23.0 ........
23.1 ........
23.2 ........
23.3 ........
23.4 ........
23.5 ........
23.6 ........
23.7 ........
23.8 ........
23.9 ........

.00
774.9
765.3
755.7
746.1
736.5
726.9
717.3
707.7
698.1
688.5
678.9
669.3
659.7
650.1
640.5
630.9
621.4
611.8
602.2
592.6
583.1
573.5
563.9
554.3
544.8
535.2
525.6
516.1
506.5
497.0
487.4
477.9
468.3
458.7
449.2
439.7
430.1
420.6
411.0
401.5

.01
773.9
764.3
754.7
745.1
735.5
725.9
716.3
706.7
697.1
687.5
677.9
668.3
658.7
649.2
639.6
630.0
620.4
610.8
601.2
591.7
582.1
572.5
563.0
553.4
543.8
534.3
524.7
515.1
505.6
496.0
486.5
476.9
467.3
457.8
448.2
438.7
429.2
419.6
410.1
400.5

.02
773.0
763.4
753.8
744.2
734.6
725.0
715.4
705.8
696.2
686.6
677.0
667.4
657.8
648.2
638.6
629.0
619.5
609.9
600.3
590.7
581.1
571.6
562.0
552.4
542.9
533.3
523.7
514.2
504.6
495.1
485.5
475.9
466.4
456.8
447.3
437.7
428.2
418.7
409.1
399.6

.03
772.0
762.4
752.8
743.2
733.6
724.0
714.4
704.8
695.2
685.6
676.0
666.4
656.8
647.2
637.7
628.1
618.5
608.9
599.3
589.8
580.2
570.6
561.0
551.5
541.9
532.3
522.8
513.3
503.7
494.1
484.5
475.0
465.4
455.9
446.3
436.8
427.2
417.7
408.2
398.6

.04
771.1
761.5
751.8
742.2
732.6
723.0
713.4
703.8
694.2
684.6
675.1
665.4
655.9
646.3
636.7
627.1
617.5
608.0
598.4
588.8
579.2
569.7
560.1
550.5
540.9
531.4
521.8
512.3
502.7
493.1
483.6
474.0
464.5
454.9
445.4
435.8
426.3
416.7
407.2
397.7

.05
770.1
760.5
750.9
741.3
731.7
722.1
712.5
702.9
693.3
683.7
674.1
664.5
654.9
645.3
635.7
626.2
616.6
607.0
597.4
587.8
578.3
568.7
559.1
549.6
540.0
530.4
520.9
511.3
501.7
492.2
482.6
473.1
463.5
454.0
444.4
434.9
425.3
415.8
406.3
396.7

.06
769.1
759.5
749.9
740.3
730.7
721.1
711.5
701.9
692.3
682.7
673.1
663.5
654.0
644.4
634.8
625.2
615.6
606.0
596.5
586.9
577.3
567.7
558.2
548.6
539.0
529.5
519.9
510.3
500.8
491.2
481.7
472.1
462.6
453.0
443.5
433.9
424.4
414.8
405.3
395.8

.07
768.2
758.6
749.0
739.4
729.8
720.2
710.6
701.0
691.4
681.8
672.2
662.6
653.0
643.4
633.8
624.2
614.7
605.1
595.5
585.9
576.4
566.8
557.2
547.6
538.1
528.5
519.0
509.4
499.8
490.3
480.7
471.2
461.6
452.1
442.5
433.0
423.4
413.9
404.3
394.8

.08
767.2
757.6
748.0
738.4
728.8
719.2
709.6
700.0
690.4
680.8
671.2
661.6
652.0
642.5
632.9
623.3
613.7
604.1
594.5
585.0
575.4
565.8
556.3
546.7
537.1
527.6
518.0
508.4
498.9
489.3
479.8
470.2
460.7
451.1
441.6
432.0
422.5
412.9
403.4
393.9

.09
766.3
756.7
747.0
737.4
727.8
718.2
708.6
699.0
689.4
679.8
670.3
660.7
651.1
641.5
631.9
622.3
612.7
603.2
593.6
584.0
574.4
564.9
555.3
545.7
536.2
526.6
517.0
507.5
497.9
488.4
478.8
469.3
459.7
450.2
440.6
431.1
421.5
412.0
402.4
392.9

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Yo
gunluk Hesab icin Tablolar

17

105 s,t (cm3 /g)

t
24.0 ........
24.1 ........
24.2 ........
24.3 ........
24.4 ........
24.5 ........
24.6 ........
24.7 ........
24.8 ........
24.9 ........
25.0 ........
25.1 ........
25.2 ........
25.3 ........
25.4 ........
25.5 ........
25.6 ........
25.7 ........
25.8 ........
25.9 ........
26.0 ........
26.1 ........
26.2 ........
26.3 ........
26.4 ........
26.5 ........
26.6 ........
26.7 ........
26.8 ........
26.9 ........
27.0 ........
27.1 ........
27.2 ........
27.3 ........
27.4 ........
27.5 ........
27.6 ........
27.7 ........
27.8 ........
27.9 ........

.00
391.9
382.4
372.9
363.3
353.8
344.3
334.8
325.2
315.7
306.2
296.7
287.2
277.6
268.1
258.6
249.1
239.6
230.1
220.6
211.1
201.6
192.1
182.6
173.1
163.6
154.1
144.6
135.1
125.6
116.2
106.7
97.2
87.7
78.2
68.8
59.3
49.8
40.4
30.9
21.4

.01
391.0
381.5
371.9
362.4
352.9
343.3
333.8
324.3
314.8
305.2
295.7
286.2
276.7
267.2
257.7
248.2
238.6
229.1
219.6
210.1
200.6
191.1
181.6
172.1
162.7
153.2
143.7
134.2
124.7
115.2
105.7
96.3
86.8
77.3
67.8
58.3
48.9
39.4
29.9
20.5

.02
390.0
380.5
371.0
361.4
351.9
342.4
332.9
323.3
313.8
304.3
294.8
285.3
275.7
266.2
256.7
247.2
237.7
228.2
218.7
209.2
199.7
190.2
180.7
171.2
161.7
152.2
142.7
133.2
123.7
114.3
104.8
95.3
85.8
76.3
66.9
57.4
47.9
38.5
29.0
19.5

.03
389.1
379.6
370.0
360.5
351.0
341.4
331.9
322.4
312.9
303.3
293.8
284.3
274.8
265.3
255.8
246.3
236.7
227.2
217.7
208.2
198.7
189.2
179.7
170.2
160.8
151.3
141.8
132.3
122.8
113.3
103.8
94.4
84.9
75.4
65.9
56.5
47.0
37.5
28.1
18.6

.04
388.1
378.6
369.1
359.5
350.0
340.5
330.9
321.4
311.9
302.4
292.9
283.3
273.8
264.3
254.8
245.3
235.8
226.3
216.8
207.3
197.8
188.3
178.8
169.3
159.8
150.3
140.8
131.3
121.9
112.4
102.9
93.4
83.9
74.5
65.0
55.5
46.0
36.6
27.1
17.6

.05
387.2
377.6
368.1
358.6
349.0
339.5
330.0
320.5
311.0
301.4
291.9
282.4
272.9
263.4
253.9
244.3
234.8
225.3
215.8
206.3
196.8
187.3
177.8
168.3
158.9
149.4
139.9
130.4
120.9
111.4
101.9
92.5
83.0
73.5
64.0
54.6
45.1
35.6
26.2
16.7

.06
386.2
376.7
367.2
357.6
348.1
338.6
329.0
319.5
310.0
300.5
291.0
281.4
271.9
262.4
252.9
243.4
233.9
224.4
214.9
205.4
195.9
186.4
176.9
167.4
157.9
148.4
138.9
129.4
120.0
110.5
101.0
91.5
82.0
72.6
63.1
53.6
44.1
34.7
25.2
15.7

.07
385.3
375.7
366.2
356.7
347.1
337.6
328.1
318.6
309.0
299.5
290.0
280.5
271.0
261.5
252.0
242.4
232.9
223.4
213.9
204.4
194.9
185.4
175.9
166.4
157.0
147.5
138.0
128.5
119.0
109.5
100.0
90.6
81.1
71.6
62.1
52.7
43.2
33.7
24.3
14.8

.08
384.3
374.8
365.3
355.7
346.2
336.7
327.1
317.6
308.1
298.6
289.1
279.5
270.0
260.5
251.0
241.5
232.0
222.5
213.0
203.5
194.0
184.5
175.0
165.5
156.0
146.5
137.0
127.5
118.1
108.6
99.1
89.6
80.1
70.7
61.2
51.7
42.3
32.8
23.3
13.9

.09
383.4
373.8
364.3
354.8
345.2
335.7
326.2
316.7
307.1
297.6
288.1
278.6
269.1
259.6
250.1
240.5
231.0
221.5
212.0
202.5
193.0
183.5
174.0
164.5
155.1
145.6
136.1
126.6
117.1
107.6
98.1
88.7
79.2
69.7
60.2
50.8
41.3
31.8
22.4
12.9

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Fiziksel Deniz Bilimleri

18

105 s,t (cm3 /g)

t
28.0 ........
28.1 ........
28.2 ........
28.3 ........
28.4 ........
28.5 ........
28.6 ........
28.7 ........
28.8 ........
28.9 ........
29.0 ........
29.1 ........
29.2 ........
29.3 ........
29.4 ........
29.5 ........
29.6 ........
29.7 ........
29.8 ........
29.9 ........
30.0 ........
30.1 ........
30.2 ........
30.3 ........
30.4 ........
30.5 ........

.00
12.0
2.5
-7.0
-16.4
-25.9
-35.3
-44.8
-54.2
-63.7
-73.1
-82.6
-92.0
-101.5
-110.9
-120.3
-129.8
-139.2
-148.6
-158.1
-167.5
-176.9
-186.4
-195.8
-205.2
-214.6
-224.0

.01
11.0
1.6
-7.9
-17.4
-26.8
-36.3
-45.7
-55.2
-64.6
-74.1
-83.5
-93.0
-102.4
-111.9
-121.3
-130.7
-140.2
-149.6
-159.0
-168.5
-177.9
-187.3
-196.7
-206.1
-215.6
-225.0

.02
10.1
0.6
-8.9
-18.3
-27.8
-37.2
-46.7
-56.1
-65.6
-75.0
-84.5
-93.9
-103.4
-112.8
-122.2
-131.7
-141.1
-150.5
-160.0
-169.4
-178.8
-188.2
-197.7
-207.1
-216.5
-225.9

.03
9.1
-0.3
-9.8
-19.3
-28.7
-38.2
-47.6
-57.1
-66.5
-76.0
-85.4
-94.9
-104.3
-113.7
-123.2
-132.6
-142.0
-151.5
-160.9
-170.3
-179.8
-189.2
-198.6
-208.0
-217.4
-226.9

.04
8.2
-1.3
-10.8
-20.2
-29.7
-39.1
-48.6
-58.0
-67.5
-76.9
-86.4
-95.8
-105.2
-114.7
-124.1
-133.6
-143.0
-152.4
-161.9
-171.3
-180.7
-190.1
-199.6
-209.0
-218.4
-227.8

.05
7.2
-2.2
-11.7
-21.2
-30.6
-40.1
-49.5
-59.0
-68.4
-77.9
-87.3
-96.7
-106.2
-115.6
-125.1
-134.5
-143.9
-153.4
-162.8
-172.2
-181.6
-191.1
-200.5
-209.9
-219.3
-228.7

.06
6.3
-3.2
-12.6
-22.1
-31.6
-41.0
-50.5
-59.9
-69.4
-78.8
-88.3
-97.7
-107.1
-116.6
-126.0
-135.4
-144.9
-154.3
-163.7
-173.2
-182.6
-192.0
-201.4
-210.9
-220.3
-229.7

.07
5.3
-4.1
-13.6
-23.0
-32.5
-42.0
-51.4
-60.9
-70.3
-79.8
-89.2
-98.6
-108.1
-117.5
-127.0
-136.4
-145.8
-155.3
-164.7
-174.1
-183.5
-193.0
-202.4
-211.8
-221.2
-230.6

.08
4.4
-5.1
-14.5
-24.0
-33.4
-42.9
-52.4
-61.8
-71.2
-80.7
-90.1
-99.6
-109.0
-118.5
-127.9
-137.3
-146.8
-156.2
-165.6
-175.1
-184.5
-193.9
-203.3
-212.7
-222.2
-231.6

.09
3.4
-6.0
-15.5
-24.9
-34.4
-43.8
-53.3
-62.7
-72.2
-81.6
-91.1
-100.5
-110.0
-119.4
-128.8
-138.3
-147.7
-157.1
-166.6
-176.0
-185.4
-194.8
-204.3
-213.7
-223.1
-232.5

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Yo
gunluk Hesab icin Tablolar

19

105 s,p (cm3 /g)

P (dbar)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000

30
0.0
-0.8
-1.5
-2.3
-3.0
-3.8
-4.5
-5.3
-6.0
-6.8
-7.5

31
0.0
-0.6
-1.2
-1.8
-2.4
-3.0
-3.6
-4.2
-4.8
-5.4
-6.0

32
0.0
-0.5
-0.9
-1.4
-1.8
-2.3
-2.7
-3.2
-3.6
-4.1
-4.5

Tuzluluk S()
33
34
35
36
37
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3
-0.6 -0.3 0.0 0.3 0.6
-0.9 -0.5 0.0 0.5 0.9
-1.2 -0.6 0.0 0.6 1.2
-1.5 -0.8 0.0 0.8 1.5
-1.8 -0.9 0.0 0.9 1.8
-2.1 -1.1 0.0 1.1 2.1
-2.4 -1.2 0.0 1.2 2.3
-2.7 -1.4 0.0 1.4 2.6
-3.0 -1.5 0.0 1.5 2.9
-3.3 -1.7 0.0 1.7 3.2
-3.6 -1.8 0.0 1.8 3.5
-3.9 -1.9 0.0 1.9 3.8
-4.1 -2.1 0.0 2.1 4.1
-4.4 -2.2 0.0 2.2 4.4
-4.7 -2.3 0.0 2.3 4.7
-4.9 -2.5 0.0 2.5 4.9
-5.2 -2.6 0.0 2.6 5.2
-5.5 -2.7 0.0 2.7 5.5
-5.8 -2.9 0.0 2.9 5.8
-7.2 -3.6 0.0 3.6 7.1
-8.5 -4.3 0.0 4.2 8.5
-9.9 -4.9 0.0 4.9 9.7
-11.1 -5.6 0.0 5.5 11.0

38
0.0
0.4
0.9
1.3
1.8
2.2
2.6
3.1
3.5
4.0
4.4
4.8
5.2
5.7
6.1
6.5
6.9
7.3
7.8
8.2
8.6
10.7
12.7
14.6
16.5

39
0.0
0.6
1.2
1.8
2.4
3.0
3.6
4.2
4.7
5.3
5.9
6.5
7.0
7.6
8.1
8.7
9.3
9.8
10.4
10.9
11.5
14.2
16.8
19.4
22.0

40
0.0
0.7
1.5
2.2
3.0
3.7
4.4
5.1
5.9
6.6
7.3
8.0
8.7
9.4
10.1
10.8
11.5
12.2
12.9
13.6
14.3
17.7
21.0
24.2
27.4

-2
0.0
-0.6
-1.1
-1.7
-2.2
-2.8
-3.3
-3.9
-4.4
-5.0
-5.5
-6.0
-6.5
-7.1
-7.6
-8.1
-8.6
-9.1
-9.6
-10.1
-10.6
-13.1
-15.4
-17.7
-19.9

-1
0.0
-0.3
-0.6
-0.9
-1.1
-1.4
-1.7
-2.0
-2.2
-2.5
-2.8
-3.1
-3.3
-3.6
-3.8
-4.1
-4.3
-4.6
-4.8
-5.1
-5.3
-6.5
-7.6
-8.7
-9.9

0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

1
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.8
1.1
1.4
1.6
1.9
2.1
2.4
2.7
3.0
3.2
3.5
3.7
4.0
4.2
4.5
4.7
5.0
5.2
6.3
7.4
8.4
9.5

2
0.0
0.5
1.1
1.6
2.1
2.6
3.1
3.7
4.2
4.7
5.3
5.8
6.3
6.8
7.3
7.8
8.2
8.7
9.2
9.7
10.1
12.3
14.4
16.4
18.4

3
0.0
0.7
1.5
2.3
3.0
3.8
4.6
5.3
6.1
6.8
7.6
8.3
9.1
9.8
10.6
11.3
12.0
12.7
13.4
14.1
14.7
18.1
21.2
24.2
27.0

4
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
6.9
7.9
8.8
9.8
10.7
11.6
12.6
13.5
14.4
15.4
16.3
17.2
18.1
19.0
23.4
27.6
31.5
35.2

5
0.0
1.2
2.4
3.7
4.9
6.1
7.3
8.4
9.6
10.7
11.9
13.0
14.1
15.3
16.4
17.5
18.6
19.7
20.8
21.9
23.0
28.3
33.4
38.3
43.0

6
0.0
1.4
2.8
4.3
5.7
7.1
8.5
9.8
11.2
12.6
14.0
15.3
16.6
17.9
19.2
20.5
21.8
23.1
24.3
25.6
26.9
33.1
39.1
44.9
50.5

7
0.0
1.6
3.2
4.8
6.4
8.0
9.7
11.2
12.8
14.3
15.9
17.4
18.9
20.4
21.9
23.4
24.9
26.3
27.8
29.2
30.7
37.7
44.6
51.2
57.6

8
0.0
1.8
3.5
5.4
7.2
9.0
10.8
12.5
14.3
16.0
17.7
19.4
21.1
22.8
24.5
26.2
27.8
29.5
31.1
32.7
34.4
42.2
49.9
57.3
64.4

9
0.0
2.0
3.9
5.9
7.9
9.9
11.9
13.8
15.7
17.6
19.5
21.4
23.3
25.1
27.0
28.9
30.7
32.5
34.3
36.1
37.9
46.6
55.0
63.1
70.9

10
0.0
2.2
4.3
6.5
8.6
10.8
12.9
15.0
17.1
19.2
21.3
23.3
25.4
27.4
29.5
31.5
33.5
35.4
37.4
39.3
41.3
50.7
59.8
68.6
77.1

15
0.0
2.9
5.8
8.8
11.7
14.6
17.4
20.2
23.1
25.9
28.7
31.4
34.1
36.9
39.6
42.3
44.9
47.6
50.2
52.9
55.5
68.2
80.4
92.2

20
0.0
3.5
7.0
10.4
13.9
17.4
20.8
24.1
27.5
30.8
34.2
37.5
40.7
44.0
47.2
50.5
53.6
56.8
59.9
63.1
66.2

25
0.0
3.9
7.8
11.6
15.5
19.4
23.2
27.0
30.7
34.5
38.3

30
0.0
4.2
8.4
12.5
16.7
20.9
24.9
29.0
33.0
37.1
41.1

20

P (dbar)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000

Scaklk T (o C)

105 t,p (cm3 /g)

26 Mart 2013
12:13
Fiziksel

Fiziksel Deniz Bilimleri

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Yo
gunluk Hesab icin Tablolar

21

35,0,p (cm3 /g)

P (dbar)

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0.97264 0.97219 0.97174 0.97129 0.97084 0.97040 0.96995 0.96951 0.96907 0.96863

1000

.96819 .96775 .96732 .96688 .96645 .96602 .96559 .96516 .96473 .96430

2000

.96388 .96345 .96303 .96261 .96219 .96177 .96136 .96094 .96053 .96011

3000

.95970 .95929 .95888 .95848 .95807 .95766 .95726 .95686 .95646 .95606

4000

.95566 .95526 .95486 .95447 .95407 .95368 .95329 .95289 .95251 .95212

5000

.95173 .95134 .95096 .95057 .95019 .94981 .94943 .94905 .94867 .94829

6000

.94791 .94754 .94717 .94679 .94642 .94605 .94568 .94531 .94494 .94457

7000

.94421 .94384 .94348 .94312 .94275 .94239 .94203 .94167 .94132 .94096

8000

.94060 .94025 .93989 .93954 .93919 .93883 .93848 .93813 .93778 .93744

9000

.93709 .93674 .93640 .93605 .93571 .93537 .93503 .93469 .93434 .93401

26 Mart 2013

12:13

22

Fiziksel

Fiziksel Deniz Bilimleri

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Ek C

Ses Hz Hesab icin UNESCO Ba

gnts
ve Tablolar

Deniz suyu yo
gunlu
gu icin oldugu gibi, deniz suyundaki ses hznn hesaplanmas icin de geleneksel olarak en g
uvenilir yontemin tablolar yardm
ile yaplan hesaplamalar oldugu varsaylr. Tablolar, bilgisayar kullanlarak
yaplan hesaplamalar icin uygun olmadgndan, ampirik bagntlar gelistirilmis
olup, bunlar arasndan Chen ve Millero (1977) tarafndan onerilen bagnt
UNESCO algoritmas olarak uluslararas kabul gorm
ust
ur [?]. 1990 ylnda

Uluslaras Scaklk Olce

ginin kabul edilmesinden sonra, bu bagntya ait katsaylar tekrar hesaplanms olup [?], asagdaki katsaylar bu son hesaplanan
degerlerdir. Bagnt, 0 40o C scaklk, 040 tuzluluk, 01000 bar basnc
(0 10 000 m derinlik) aralklar icin gecerlidir.
Cstp = Ctp + Atp S + Btp S 3/2 + Dp S 2
Ctp = 1402.388 + 5.03830 T 5.81090 102 T 2
+3.3432 104 T 3 1.47797 106 T 4 + 3.1419 109 T 5
+(0.153563 + 6.8999 104 T 8.1829 106 T 2 )P
+(1.3632 107 T 3 6.1260 1010 T 4 )P
+(3.1260 105 1.7111 106 T + 2.5986 108 T 2 )P 2
(2.5353 1010 T 3 1.0415 1012 T 4 )P 2
(9.7729 109 3.8513 1010 T + 2.3654 1012 T 2 )P 3
Atp = 1.389 1.262 102 T + 7.166 105 T 2 + 2.008 106 T 3
3.21 108 T 4 + (9.4742 105 1.2583 105 T )P
(6.4928 108 T 2 1.0515 108 T 3 + 2.0142 1010 T 4 )P
(3.9064 107 9.1061 109 T )P 2
(1.6009 1010 T 2 7.994 1012 T 3 )P 2
+(1.100 1010 + 6.651 1012 T 3.391 1013 T 2 )P 3
23

26 Mart 2013

12:13

24

Fiziksel

Fiziksel Deniz Bilimleri

Btp = 1.922 102 4.42 105 T + (7.3637 105 + 1.7950 107 T )P

Dp = 1.727 103 7.9836 106 P
Yukardaki denklemlerde, Cstp , m/s olarak deniz suyundaki ses hz, S,
olarak tuzluluk degeri, T , o C olarak su scaklg ve P , bar olarak basnc
degeridir.
Tuzluluk, scaklk ve su derinligi (basnc) verildiginde tablolar kullanlarak
sesin sudaki hz
Cstp = 1449.2 + Ct + Cp + Cs + Cstp
bagntsndan m/s olarak hesaplanr. Burada, Ct su scaklgna bagl ses
hzndaki d
uzeltme miktarn, Cp basnc d
uzeltmesini ve Cs tuzluluk
d
uzeltmesini gostermektedir. Hesaplamalarda Cstp nin katksnn genellikle
ihmal edilecek kadar k
ucu
k oldugu kabul edilir.

Ornek
bir uygulama olarak, T = 4.2o C scaklk, S=34.30 tuzluluk ve P =
1270 dbar basnc (1270 m derinlik) degerleri icin scaklk degeri kullanlarak
tablodan Ct = 18.48 olarak okunur, P = 1200 dbar icin okunan Cp =
19.42 degeri ile P = 1300 dbar icin okunan Cp = 21.05 degeri kullanlarak
interpolasyonla P = 1270 dbar icin Cp = 20.56 degeri hesaplanr. S=34.30
tuzluluk icin tablodan Cs = 1.01 okunur. Boylece,
Cstp = 1449.2 + 18.48 + 20.56 1.01 = 1487.23 m/s
olarak hesaplanr. UNESCO bagntsndan elde edilen deger ise Cstp =
1487.49 m/sdir. Tablolar kullanlarak yaplan hesaplamada Cstp nin katks
ihmal edilmediginde iki hesaplama arasndaki 0.17lik fark daha az olacaktr.

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Ses Hz Hesab icin Tablolar

25

Ct
T (o C)

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

-3

-14.37

-14.87

-15.36

-15.86

-16.36

-16.86

-17.36

-17.87

-18.37

-18.88

-2
-1

-9.47
-4.68

-9.95
-5.15

-10.44
-5.63

-10.93
-6.10

-11.41
-6.58

-11.90
-7.06

-12.39
-7.54

-12.89
-8.02

-13.38
-8.50

-13.87
-8.98

0
0

0.00
0.00

-0.46
0.46

-0.93
0.92

-1.39
1.38

-1.86
1.84

-2.33
2.30

-2.79
2.75

-3.36
3.21

-3.73
3.66

-4.21
4.12

1
2

4.57
9.03

5.02
9.47

5.47
9.91

5.92
10.35

6.37
10.79

6.81
11.22

7.26
11.66

7.70
12.09

8.15
12.52

8.59
12.96

3
4

13.39
17.64

13.82
18.06

14.24
18.48

14.67
18.89

15.10
19.31

15.53
19.73

15.95
20.14

16.37
20.55

16.80
20.97

17.22
21.38

5
6

21.79
25.84

22.20
26.23

22.60
26.63

23.01
27.03

23.42
27.43

23.82
27.82

24.23
28.22

24.63
28.61

25.03
29.00

25.43
29.39

7
8

29.78
33.64

30.17
34.02

30.56
34.39

30.95
34.77

31.34
35.15

31.72
35.53

32.11
35.90

32.49
36.27

32.87
36.65

33.25
37.02

9
10

37.39
41.05

37.76
41.41

38.13
41.77

38.50
42.13

38.87
42.49

39.23
42.85

39.60
43.20

39.96
43.56

40.33
43.91

40.69
44.27

11
12

44.62
48.10

44.97
48.44

45.32
48.78

45.67
49.12

46.02
49.46

46.37
49.80

46.72
50.14

47.06
50.48

47.41
50.81

47.75
51.15

13
14

51.48
54.78

51.82
55.11

52.15
55.43

52.48
55.76

52.81
56.08

53.14
56.40

53.47
56.72

53.80
57.04

54.13
57.36

54.46
57.68

15
16

58.00
61.12

58.31
61.43

58.63
61.74

58.94
62.04

59.26
62.35

59.57
62.65

59.88
62.96

60.19
63.26

60.50
63.56

60.81
63.87

17
18

64.17
67.13

64.47
67.42

64.76
67.71

65.06
68.00

65.36
68.29

65.66
68.58

65.95
68.87

66.25
69.15

66.54
69.44

66.83
69.72

19
20

70.01
72.81

70.29
73.09

70.57
73.36

70.86
73.63

71.14
73.91

71.42
74.18

71.70
74.45

71.98
74.72

72.26
74.99

72.53
75.26

21
22

75.53
78.18

75.80
78.44

76.07
78.70

76.34
78.96

76.60
79.22

76.87
79.48

77.13
79.73

77.39
79.99

77.66
80.24

77.92
80.50

23

80.75

81.01

81.26

81.51

81.76

82.01

82.26

82.51

82.76

83.01

24
25

83.25
85.68

83.50
85.92

83.74
86.16

83.99
86.39

84.23
86.63

84.47
86.87

84.72
87.10

84.96
87.34

85.20
87.57

85.44
87.80

26
27

88.04
90.32

88.27
90.55

88.50
90.77

88.73
91.00

88.96
91.22

89.19
91.44

89.42
91.66

89.64
91.88

89.87
92.10

90.10
92.32

28
29

92.54
94.69

92.76
94.91

92.98
95.12

93.19
95.33

93.41
95.54

93.63
95.75

93.84
95.96

94.06
96.16

94.27
96.37

94.48
96.58

30

96.78

96.99

97.19

97.40

97.60

97.80

98.00

98.21

98.41

98.61

26 Mart 2013

12:13

Fiziksel

Fiziksel Deniz Bilimleri

26

Cp
P (dbar)

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0
1000

16.16

1.61
17.79

3.21
19.42

4.82
21.05

6.44
22.68

8.05
24.32

9.67
25.96

11.29
27.60

12.91
29.24

14.53
30.89

2000
3000

32.54
49.15

34.19
50.82

35.84
52.49

37.50
54.17

39.15
55.85

40.81
57.54

42.47
59.22

44.14
60.91

45.81
62.60

47.47
64.29

4000
5000

65.98
83.04

67.68
84.76

69.38
85.48

71.08
88.20

72.78
89.92

74.49
91.65

76.19
93.38

77.90
95.10

79.61
96.84

81.33
98.57

6000

100.30 102.04 103.78 105.52 107.26 109.00 110.75 112.49 114.24 115.99

7000
8000

117.74 119.49 121.25 123.00 124.76 125.52 128.28 130.04 131.80 133.56
135.33 137.09 138.86 140.62 142.39 144.16 145.93 147.70 149.47 151.24

9000

153.01 154.78 156.56 158.33 160.10 161.88 163.65 165.42 167.20 168.97

Cs
S ()

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

33

-3.09

-2.93

-2.76

-2.59

-2.43

-2.26

-2.10

-1.94

-1.78

-1.62

34
35

-1.47
0.00

-1.32
0.14

-1.16
0.28

-1.01
0.41

-0.86
0.54

-0.72
0.68

-0.57
0.81

-0.42
0.94

-0.28
1.06

-0.14
1.19

36
37

1.31
2.47

1.44
2.58

1.56
2.68

1.68
2.79

1.79
2.89

1.91
2.99

2.03
3.09

2.14
3.19

2.26
3.28

2.36
3.38