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Work Measurement
Work Measurement
Work Measurement
defined level of performance. This helps in identifying correct manpower and machine requirement. This helps in fixing number of machines to be operated by each worker. Helps in proper planning of delivery schedules. Helps in estimating production cost. Helps in cost control and reduction in labour cost and idle costs. Helps in improvement of method by identifying deviations from standard. Helps to fix incentives. Identifying sub-standard workers, their progress and training needs.
WORK MEASUREMENT
Establish time for a worker to carry out a specific job under specified conditions at the defined level of performance. Time study steps Select the task to be timed - bottleneck jobs, repetitive jobs, Labourious jobs, jobs with longer cycle time, sections having higher over-time. Standardise the method using method study. Select the operator having necessary physical attributes, possesses required intelligence and education, has acquired necessary skill and knowledge to carry out the work to satisfactory standard of safety, quantity and quality. Record details including Item name , part number, machine , speed, material , operator and supervisor. Record type of material, shape of job, tolerances. Environment & Working Conditions surrounding the job Break the task into parts / or elements.
TIME STUDY
Measure the duration of each element and assess the pace of performance to obtain rating which is a ratio of observed time and the normal time. Time taken for the job may vary due to variation in material, tool conditions, tool locations and workmen performance hence enough cycles should be timed and average is determined. Convert the observed time into normal time using performance rating. Assess relaxation and other allowances for:
Personal needs ( Relaxation Allowance ) Stoppage of alternate machine ( multiple machines attended by same operator ) ( Interference allowance ) Unavoidable delays and interruptions.( contingency allowance ) opportunity to workers to increase the earnings (Policy allowance )
TIME STUDY
WORK SAMPLING
Statistically competent number of instantaneous observations are taken, over a period of time, of a group of machines, processes or workers. Each observation records what is seen to happen and percentage of observations recorded for a particular activity or delay is a measure of percentage of time absorbed by the occurrence. Large number of observations are made as to state of each member of the group working or idle. The data is amplified for the reasons for being idle. Used for cost reduction and cost control, Assessment of allowances for output standards, fixation of output standards, Testing the accuracy of the output standards. Compared to time study, the observer need not be extensively trained. More than one task can be studied simultaneously The workers would have less objection as the study is not specifically measuring the skill timing of each job.