Trng i Hc Giao Thng Vn Ti TPHCM Khoa in in T Vin Thng

ti: in t cng sut II

B GIAO THNG VN TI TRNG I HC GIAO THNG VN TI TP H CH MINH KHOA: IN IN T VIN THNG -o-o-

N: IN T CNG SUT II
Gio vin hng dn: Nguyn Th Thanh Li Nhm 11: 1. L Minh Tm 2. Phm Thanh Dng 3. Lu Dng

MSSV: 0951060050 MSSV: 0951060006 MSSV: 0951060004

ti: Chn mch iu khin ng c DC bng phng php bm DC,

s dng mch thay i h s chu k D lm mch iu khin.

Tp. H Ch Minh 5-2012

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Trng i Hc Giao Thng Vn Ti TPHCM Khoa in in T Vin Thng

ti: in t cng sut II

I. Gii thiu chung v in t cng sut:

1. Khi nim v in t cng sut: in t cng sut l chuyn ngnh nghin cu cc phng php v cc thit b dng bin i v iu khin nng lng in. Khi nim trn rt chung chung, c th ni r hn nh th ny. in nng l ngun nng lng sn sut trc tip c ng dng rng ri nht hin nay. Chng ta c mt ngun in chun l li in xoay chiu 220/380V 50Hz. Vn t ra l, cc thit b sn xut ca chng ta s dng cc loi nng lng in khc nhau, c loi dng in mt chiu, c loi dng in xoay chiu, cc mc in p khc nhau, cc tn s khc nhau, v c bit l iu khin hot ng ca cc thit b , ta cn iu khin ngun nng lng in cp cho n. Nh vy, bin i v iu khin nng lng in l mt nhim v hng u trong t ng ho sn xut. Vic bin i v iu khin nng lng in trong cng nghip trc y ch yu s dng cc relay (r-le), da vo vic ng m cc relay m c c ngun in nng theo mun. Tuy nhin, do yu cu ngy cng cao ca thc tin sn xut, km theo l s tin b ca cng ngh bn dn cho php ch to cc phn t ng ct bn dn (khng tip im) cng sut ln nhm thay th cc mch relay tip im >> ngnh in t cng sut. Nh vy, theo ti, c th ni rng in t cng sut tc l dng cc thit b in t c cng sut ln vi cc thut ton iu khin nhm bin i v iu khin nng lng in.

S chung v b bin i cng sut Cu hi tip theo t ra l: Cc b bin i in t cng sut c kh nng bin i v iu khin nng lng in nh th no? Phn loi cc b bin i in t cng sut ?
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Trng i Hc Giao Thng Vn Ti TPHCM Khoa in in T Vin Thng

ti: in t cng sut II

2. Phn loi ca cc b bin i cng sut: Cc b bin i in t cng sut c phn loi (t tn) theo cng dng ca chng nh sau: in xoay chiu >> in mt chiu: Cc b Chnh lu (Rectifier) iu khin (dng Thyristor) hoc khng iu khin (dng Diode) tu theo vic ta c cn iu khin gi tr ca dng in mt chiu u ra hay khng. in mt chiu >> in xoay chiu: Cc b Nghch lu (Inverter). Cc b nghch lu c kh nng bin mt dng in mt chiu thnh mt dng in xoay chiu c gi tr in p v tn s thay i c tu vo lut ng m cc van bn dn. in mt chiu >> in mt chiu: Cc b Bm xung mt chiu (cn c tn l iu p mt chiu, bin i in p mt chiu DC to DC converter, DC chopper). Cc b bin i ny bin dng in mt chiu c gi tr c nh. 3. ng dng: Ngy ny, mc d dng xoay chiu c s dng rng ri, song my in 1 chiu vn tn ti, c bit l ng c DC. ng c DC c c t nh iu ch nh tc rt tt, v vy c dng nhiu trong nh ng ngnh cng nghip c yu cu cao v iu ch nh tc nh cn thp, hm m, giao thng vn ti. Trong cng nghip, ng c DC c s dng nh ng ni c yu cu momen khi ng ln hoc yu cu iu ch nh tc bng phng v phm vi rng. Mt nhu cu t ra l iu khin c tc v rng ca ng c DC. y, nhm em xin tr nh by phng php thay i h s chu k D iu ch nh tc ca ng c DC.

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Trng i Hc Giao Thng Vn Ti TPHCM Khoa in in T Vin Thng

ti: in t cng sut II

II. Gii thiu mch nguyn l.

Nhm 11 chn ti l mch iu khin ng c DC bng phng php bm DC, s dng mch thay i h s chu k D lm mch iu khin. S mch nguyn l ca nhm thc hin.

Ton b mch c chia lm 3 phn ch nh: Mch ngun. Mch iu khin. Mch ng lc. V cu to v ngha ca tng mch s c nhm tr nh by c th phn tip theo.

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Trng i Hc Giao Thng Vn Ti TPHCM Khoa in in T Vin Thng

ti: in t cng sut II

1. Gii thiu v linh kin trong mch: a. Mch ngun: Bin p T1,Cu ch nh lu(gm 4 con diode) Cc t C 1, C2, C3, C4: c tc dng lm phng in p ra. b. Mch iu khin: Mch iu khin gm: 1con IC TL082 ( bn thn n l 2 con opam t ch hp li ). in tr : R1=R2=R3=100K, R4=10K, R5=R6=1K, R7=22K. 1 t C5104. 1bin tr VR1 1W/100K. 1 con transitor Q1 C2383, 1 con transitor Q2 A1013. c. Mch ng lc: Mch ng lc gm: 1con fet IRF 540. 1 con diode 3A. Mt ng c 12 2. Gii thch cu to v nguyn l a. Mch ngun v khu ng b: Mch ngun c tc dng cung cp ngun in cho cc mch iu khin, mch ng lc.
xung dong bo
T2 1 Vac 220v 4 TRANSFORMER CT DIODE BRIDGE 8 12v + C1 CAP POL 5 12v 6 0v D1 + D2 DIODE 34/DD

+12V dc

C2 CAP POL

-12V dc

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Trng i Hc Giao Thng Vn Ti TPHCM Khoa in in T Vin Thng

ti: in t cng sut II

Mch Bao gm: Bin p u vo s cp 220V, u ra th cp 12V/0/12V. Cu ch nh lu iot 3A dng ch nh lu in p xoay chiu thnh 1 chiu. 1 diot 1N4007. 2 t phn cc 470F/50V nn phng in p u ra. 2 t khng phn cc 0.1Fc tc dng chng nhiu cho mch ngun.

b. Mch iu khin: Mch iu khin c tc dng thay i h s chu k D k ch cho con FET mch ng lc thay i thi gian ng ngt. Khi , s lm thay i tc ca ng c.

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Trng i Hc Giao Thng Vn Ti TPHCM Khoa in in T Vin Thng

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S mch iu khin:

Gii thch hot ng: Xung ng b c a vo opam1, opam1 to ra xung vung lng cc. T C104 np, x to in p rng ca trn chn s 2 v chn s 5, in p rng ca ny c so snh vi in p iu khin to ra xung vung lng cc trn chn s 7. Xung vung lng cc ny c th thay i rng xung bng cch thay i in p iu khin, xung vung lng cc qua h thng khuch i ca 2 transistor v qua R8 l xung iu khin. Qua phn t ch cc khu ca mch iu khin h s chu k D. Mch iu khin c 4 khu: Khu to xung vung. Khu to in p ta. Khu so snh. Khu khuch i. Sau y, ta s t m hiu tng khu c th.

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Trng i Hc Giao Thng Vn Ti TPHCM Khoa in in T Vin Thng

ti: in t cng sut II

b1. Khu to xung vung :

b2. Khu to in p ta:

b3. Khu so snh:

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Trng i Hc Giao Thng Vn Ti TPHCM Khoa in in T Vin Thng

ti: in t cng sut II

b4. Khu khuch i xung:

Quan st hin th sng trn cc ng ra: Hin thi xung trn chn 1,2,3.

Cc ng ra tng ng vi s chn ca opam TL082 nh h nh trn. Cc in tr R1, R2, R3 ch c tc dng l chia p.

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Trng i Hc Giao Thng Vn Ti TPHCM Khoa in in T Vin Thng

ti: in t cng sut II

Opam c tc dng so snh in p cc ng vo 2 ,3 xut ra t n hiu ra ng 1 l 1 hay 0 nn c dng xung vung nh h nh v. T in C5 c vai tr rt quan trng i vi khu ny ch nh v hin tng np x ca t in m cho ra dng sng rng ca nh trn. Hin thi xung trn chn 5.6.7

Cc ng ra tng ng vi cc chn ca Opam nh h nh trn. Bin tr thay i th in p V- thay i khi opam s so snh vi in p V+ Khi V+ > V- : Khi ng ra 7 l +12V. Khi V+ < V-: Khi ng ra 7 l -12V.

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Trng i Hc Giao Thng Vn Ti TPHCM Khoa in in T Vin Thng

ti: in t cng sut II

c. Mch ng lc:

T n hiu iu khin sau khi qua b iu khin s c k ch vo chn G ca con FET lm thay i Ton , Toff ca con FET. Khi in p tc ng ln ng c s thay i:
Vdc Ton Vcc d .Vcc T

Do ng c chy nhanh hay chm ty thuc vo h s chu k d ln hay nh. FET c k ch bng p vo chn G.

IV.Nhn xt:
Trong qu tr nh lm t m hiu v thc hin lm mch nhm 11 c nh ng nhn xt: Xung iu khin ng ra b, d b nhiu, km n nh. Gii iu ch nh in p ng ra trn ti hp.

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