C S D LIU

Bi 3:
M HNH C S D LIU QUAN H
(NGN NG M HNH HA D LIU MC VT L)
28/10/2009 1 HV THQL
MC TIU
Kin thc
M hnh CSDL quan h
Rng buc ton vn (RBTV)
i s quan h
K nng
Chuyn m hnh ER v m hnh quan h
Gii bi ton dng i s quan h
Chuyn cc quy tc qun l thnh RBTV
Ci t c s d liu trc tip trn DBMS
Ci t c s d liu dng Power Designer
Yu cu: p dng thc t
28/10/2009 HV THQL 2
NI DUNG
Tng quan
M hnh c s d liu quan h
i s quan h
Tho lun tnh hung
28/10/2009 HV THQL 3
TNG QUAN
Tng quan
Cc v d
Khi nim
M hnh c s d liu quan h
i s quan h
Tho lun tnh hung
28/10/2009 HV THQL 4
V D
Xt h thng qun l kho
Bi ton: t chc cc bng lu d liu cho yu
cu bit s lng v tr gi hng tn kho ca
tng mt hng ti bt k thi im no
R rng mi ln nhp xut ngy giao dch, s
lng v n gi nhp l cc d liu vo nh
hng n d liu ra theo yu cu.
Chng ta c 2 thi cc lu tr
Tnh sn d liu ra, lu sn sng p ng yu cu
Lu d liu gc, khi c yu cu s tnh ri tr li
28/10/2009 HV THQL 5
GII PHP
S tn kho c tnh qua
s u k v s pht sinh
S u k gn vi hng
ha, lu trong bng h-ha
S pht sinh gn vi giao
dch, lu trong cc bng
nhp v xut
28/10/2009 HV THQL 6
V D
Mn: k thut bn phm (15 tit), Internet, (20 tit)
Qun l Minh (hsl 3), ging vin Lan (hsl 3), ging vin
Hng (hsl 2), ging vin mi Tho.
Lan dy 1 lp k thut bn phm v 1 lp Internet,
Hng dy 1 lp k thut bn phm, Tho dy 2 lp
Internet.
Phng thc tnh lng:
Lng qun l = lng cng + 1800
Lng ging vin = lng cng + tin ging
Lng ging vin mi = tin ging * 1.5
Trong
lng cng = hsl * 450
tin ging = tng s tit x 50
28/10/2009 HV THQL 7
PHN TCH
Bm vo mc tiu: tnh lng
Theo cng thc cn bit
H s lng
S tit mi mn
S mn ging
H s lng lu, cng vi thng tin khc ca
ging vin, trong bng ging vin
S tit mi mn lu, cng vi thng tin khc ca
mn, trong bng mn hc
S mn ging lu trong bng phn cng ging
28/10/2009 HV THQL 8
GII PHP
28/10/2009 HV THQL 9
id H tn lng
QL Minh 3150
G1 Lan 3100
G2 Hng 1650
M1 Tho 3000
KHI NIM
Lc quan h: cu trc bng
Ct (thuc tnh): tn, min gi tr
Ct nh danh: kho, siu kho
Quan h (tp cc b): ni dung
bng
28/10/2009 HV THQL 10
M HNH CSDL QUAN H
Tng quan
M hnh c s d liu quan h
Lc quan h
Lc CSDL
Rng buc ton vn
Ci t c s d liu
i s quan h
Tho lun tnh hung
28/10/2009 HV THQL 11
LC QUAN H
Lc quan h
Tp thuc tnh
Min gi tr ca mi thuc tnh
Quy tc lu tr c bn
Mi dng th hin mt n v thng tin
Gia 2 dng phi th hin s phn bit
Quan h gia cc d liu trong cng 1 dng
Quan h gia cc d liu trn nhiu dng
28/10/2009 12 HV THQL
V D
Quan h ging vin (gv):
Mi dng lu thng tin ca mt ging vin
D liu c th c xc nh bi lc cho trc
K hiu gv (gvID char(6), gvTEN char(10), nSINH
date) cho bit
Quan h ging vin gv
c nh ngha trn lc GV = {gvID char(6),
gvTEN char(10), nSINH date}
Trong lc GV trn:
Hai ging vin khc nhau c phn bit qua d liu c
lu trong thuc tnh gvID
Min gi tr ca cc thuc tnh ph thuc nhu cu lu tr
28/10/2009 13 HV THQL
VIEW
Quan h gm hai loi
Quan h gc: c lu
Quan h dn xut: kt qu x l
View l mt quan h dn xut c thit k
gn gi vi ngi dng c:
Mt ci nhn y trong ng cnh s dng
Nhng thng tin ring v cc quy tc ring trong
ng cnh ny
Ci t c ch hn ch truy xut
28/10/2009 HV THQL 14
THO LUN
Mt ca hng bn a CD mun qun l thng
tin ca khch hng. Nhng thng tin ny c
th hin qua quan h khachHang
Hy xc nh:
Lc (tp thuc tnh v min gi tr)
Kha
Quan h ny l quan h lu tr hay l quan h dn
xut (view)
Nu l view, cho bit mc tiu ca view
28/10/2009 HV THQL 15
LC C S D LIU
Tp cc lc quan h
Tp cc RBTV
Kho (siu kho)
Min gi tr
NULL, NOT NULL
Kho ngoi
Rng buc trn 1 b gia cc thuc tnh
Rng buc trn nhiu b
Rng buc tn ti
Rng buc trn nhiu bng
28/10/2009 16 HV THQL
V D
{gvID char(6), gvTEN char(10), nSINH date}
{monID char(6), monTEN char(10), soTC integer}
{lopID char(6), nganhID char(6), phongID char(6)}
{svID char(6), svTEN char(10), lopID char(6)}
{nganhID char(6), monID char(6), hocKY integer}
{lopID char(6), monID char(6), buoiHOC char(2)}
{gvID char(6), monID char(6), lopID char(6)}
{gvID char(6), monID char(6), lopID char(6), phongID
char(6), buoiHOC char(2)}
{svID char(6), monID char(6), diemTHI integer}
28/10/2009 17 HV THQL
THO LUN RBTV, VIEW
Bng
gVien(gvID, gvTEN, nSINH )
monHoc(monID , monTEN, soTC)
lopHoc(lopID, nganhID, phongID)
sVien(svID, svTEN, lopID)
chuongTrinh(nganhID , monID , hocKY )
lichHoc(lopID, monID, buoiHOC)
phanCong(gvID, monID, lopID )
ketQua(svID, monID, diemTHI)
View
thoiKhoaBieu(gvID, monID, lopID, phongID, buoiHOC)
khoiLuong(gvID, tongSoTiet)
28/10/2009 18 HV THQL
V D RB MIN GA TR
DOM(soTC) = {3, 4}
DOM(hocKY) = {1, 2, , 8}
DOM(buoiHOC) = {S2, C2, , TN}
DOM(diemTHI) = {0, 1, , 10}
28/10/2009 19 HV THQL
V D RB KHO
gVien(gvID, gvTEN, nSINH )
monHoc(monID , monTEN, soTC)
lopHoc(lopID , phongID)
sVien(svID, svTEN, lopID)
chuongTrinh(nganhID , monID , hocKY )
lichHoc(lopID, monID, buoiHOC)
phanCong(gvID, monID, lopID)
ketQua(svID, monID, diemTHI)
28/10/2009 20 HV THQL
V D RB TN TI
Kho ngoi l rng buc tn ti c bit
Lin quan 3 quan h chuongTrinh, lopHoc v
lichHoc: Xt mt b (l, m, b) trong lichHoc
phi tm thy b (l, n, p) trong lopHoc v b
(n, m, k) trong chuongTrinh
Lin quan 3 quan h chuongTrinh, lopHoc v
lichHoc: Xt mt b (s, m, d) trong ketQua
phi tm thy b (l, n, p) trong lopHoc v b
(n, m, k) trong chuongTrinh
28/10/2009 21 HV THQL
V D RB KHC
Rng buc Tng s tit ging ca mi ging vin
khng t hn 240 v khng nhiu hn 600 lin
quan n cc bng phanCong v monHoc
Rng buc Mi lp c khng qu 50 sinh vin
l mt rng buc lin b trn bng sVien
Rng buc Ti mt phng no v mt bui
bt k, c duy nht mt lp ang hc v mt
ging vin ang dy l mt rng buc lin quan
n cc bng phanCong, lopHoc v lichHoc
28/10/2009 22 HV THQL
BIU TRC QUAN
28/10/2009 HV THQL 23
Kha chnh
Kha ngoi
CI T CSDL TRC TIP
To bng
Thuc tnh, min gi tr v RBTV trn thuc tnh
Kha chnh v cc kha khc
RBTV trn cng dng (gia cc thuc tnh)
RBTV kha ngoi
Thc nghim vi mt h qun tr c th v mt
lc CSDL c th
28/10/2009 HV THQL 24
DNG POWER DESIGNER
Lp m hnh
Cu trc
Rng buc ton vn
Pht sinh c s d liu
28/10/2009 HV THQL 25
CHUYN QUY TC THNH RB
Ph|eU nhcp phc| cc ngcy nhcp
Hcc ccn phc| cc ngcy |cp
Hcng hcc phc| cc len hcng, ccn v| l|nh, vc cc g|c cUy
nhcl
Ph|eU nhcp cUng mc hcng xcc c|nh |Ucng nhcp
Hcc ccn cUng mc hcng xcc c|nh |Ucng ccn
Ngcy k|em ke cUng mc hcng xcc c|nh |Ucng lcn
lUcng nhcp, |Ucng ccn, |Ucng lcn cUng nhU g|c |c ccc
c cUcng
Ngcy |cp lhUcng |c ngcy h|en lc|
G|c l|en mc| mcl hcng lrcng khccng T (ngcn) cen T
(ngcn)
lc| hcc ccn ccn |l nhcl T vc khcng Uc 4 mcl hcng
Khcng ccn nhUng mcl hcng cc |Ucng lcn h|en lc| nhc
hcn 5
lc hcc ccn cc ccng HD''' (v| cU HD2)
28/10/2009 HV THQL 26
I S QUAN H
Tng quan
M hnh c s d liu quan h
i s quan h
Logic gii bi ton
Biu thc i s quan h
Chin lc gii bi ton
Tho lun tnh hung
28/10/2009 HV THQL 27
LOGIC GII BI TON
Xt bi ton gii phng trnh ax = b
Vi a, b, x l s: x = b/a (a khc khng)
Vi a, b, x l ma trn ?
Vi a, b, x l tp con ca tp E ?
Trong i s quan h
Bin l quan h nhn gi tr l mt tp con ca tp
E no
Biu thc gm bin, tr v cc php ton trn cc
quan h
28/10/2009 HV THQL 28
CC PHP TON QUAN H
Php tch: tch s vi u
Php chiu: chiu u ln ct C
Php chn: chn t u cc dng c A = 2
Php kt (ni): kt r1 vi s thng qua B
Php chia: chn nhng A ca r1 m nhng gi
tr B tng ng u c trong s
28/10/2009 HV THQL 29
CC PHP TON TP CON
9/8/2007 HV THQL 30
Php hp
Php giao
Php hiu
Php ph nh
THO LUN
Xc nh php
ton
28/10/2009 HV THQL 31
THO LUN
Xc nh php ton
28/10/2009 HV THQL 32
id H tn lng
QL Minh 3150
G1 Lan 3100
G2 Hng 1650
M1 Tho 3000
CHIN LC GII BI TON
Tnh ton trc tip trn cc bng (c th qua
cc bng trung gian)
Mi bng trung gian
Xc nh lc
Quyt nh php ton, c bit lu n php so
snh
Xy dng biu thc cui cng
Lu n php ton so snh
28/10/2009 HV THQL 33
THO LUN
Bi ton tnh tin in
Cc cu hi cng ty M Gia
28/10/2009 HV THQL 34
KIM TRA RBTV
Chn hc phn (RBTV v cc quan h)
ketQuaHP(MaSV, MaHP, Diem)
danhSachDKHP(MaSV, MaHP)
dieuKienTQ(MaHP, HPTQ)
Mt sinh vin ng k mt hc phn trong danhSachDKHP
phi cha t hc phn ny v t tt c cc hc phn
tin quyt ca hc phn ny
Thi i hc (RBTV v cc quan h)
ketQuaThi(SBD, Mon, Diem)
danhSachDau(SBD, TongDiem)
Mt th sinh trong danhSachDau phi thi 3 mn, c tng
im t 19 v khng c im di 2
28/10/2009 HV THQL 35
TR LI MC TIU
Kin thc
M hnh CSDL quan h
Rng buc ton vn (RBTV)
i s quan h
K nng
Gii bi ton dng i s quan h
Chuyn cc quy tc qun l thnh RBTV
Ci t c s d liu trc tip trn DBMS
Ci t c s d liu dng Power Designer
Yu cu: p dng thc t
28/10/2009 HV THQL 36
THO LUN TNH HUNG
Tng quan
M hnh c s d liu quan h
i s quan h
Tho lun tnh hung
Xy dng lc
Ci t rng buc ton vn
Tnh tn kho
Qun l bn hng
28/10/2009 HV THQL 37
XD LC CSDL
Khoa hin c
5 sinh vin a, b, c, d, e: tn Kha, Thi, Hng, nh, Lan
3 lp: x ang hc k 2 h C, y hc k 1 h H v z hc k 2
h H
5 mn m, n, p, q, s: s tit 45, 60, 60, 45, 45 tng ng
Khoa xp a, b vo x; c, d vo y v e vo z
Theo k hoch
Hc k 1: C hc m, n; H hc m, p
Hc k 2: C hc q, s; H n, q
im k 1 cc mn m, n ca a l 6, 7 ca b l 4, 8
im k 1 cc mn m, p ca e l 4, 7
Hc k 2 e hc li mn m vi lp y
28/10/2009 HV THQL 38
CI T RBTV
Sinh vin phi c
xp lp
Lp c xp l
duy nht
S tit ch c th l
45 hoc 60
28/10/2009 HV THQL 39
H C c o to trong 6 hc k, cn H l 8
Sinh vin ch c php hc li khi im thi di 5
Hc li theo lp no , phi cng h v theo k
hoch ca lp ny
TNH TN KHO
28/10/2009 HV THQL 40
TRAO I
CSDL bn hng:
hangHoa()
khachHang()
hoaDon()
chiTietHD()
28/10/2009 HV THQL 41
CSDL th vin:
sach()
docGia()
phieuMuonTra()
chiTietMT()
Cu hi tho lun
Lc
Rng buc ton vn
VN TNH TON
Trn dng
Dng tn ct lm tn bin trong biu thc tnh ton
Kt qu tnh ton din ra trong cng dng
p dng cho tt c cc dng
Trn ct
Cc dng c nhm li (phn hoch)
Trn mi ct, d liu l mt tp
Cc hm tnh ton trn tt c d liu ca mt tp,
nh SUM, MAX, AVG, , c s dng
28/10/2009 HV THQL 42
KT LUN
M hnh c s d liu quan h:
Dng cc lc quan h biu din d liu
Cc quy tc qun l c ci t di dng cc rng
buc ton vn
i s quan h:
Biu thc gm cc quan h v cc php ton
Quy trnh ba bc: chiu, kt v chn
Lu
th ho lc c s d liu
Php so snh
Mnh vi lng t tn ti
Nn c cc biu thc trung gian
28/10/2009 HV THQL 43
CHUN HO
Trn m hnh thc th kt hp
Trn m hnh quan h
13/08/2011 HV THQL 44
CHUN HO LC QUAN H
Mi kt hp Thi KB pht sinh quan h vi lc
R = (GLBMP)
F = {LP, LM G, BL MP, BG MLP, BP LG}
Chun ho c {(LP), (LMG), (LBM)}
Quan h tng ng c tn l Lp, Phn cng, Lch hc
13/08/2011 HV THQL 45
CHUYN V M HNH QUAN H
Lu thc th
Lu mi kt hp
13/08/2011 HV THQL 46
SinhVien
Lop
Mon
HocKy
He
maLop
maSV
tenSV
maHK
maHe
maMon
soTiet
Diem
KeHoach
maSV
maMon
diem
maHe
maMon
maHK
maHK
maHe
maLop