BÁO CÁO ĐTCS 2 (Rotor L NG Sóc)

n Mn Hc: in T Cng Sut 2
GVHD: Lu Thin Quang Page 1

B Giao Thng Vn Ti
Trng H Giao Thng Vn Ti Tp.HCM
Khoa: in in T Vin Thng
Mn: in T Cng Sut 2

BI BO CO
Ti: THI T K B KHI NG MM NG C KHNG
NG B ROTOR LNG SC
Sinh Vin: V Minh Tm
Lp: DC09
MSSV: 0951060051
Tp.H Ch Minh, ngy 12 thng 04 nm 2012



Phn I: GII THIU CHUNG

CHNG I: LI M U

Do yu cu ca cng vic cng nh kh nng lm vic ca mch in khng
ng b nn cho n nay n c s dng rng ri nht trong cc ngnh kinh t
quc dn vi cng sut t vi chc n hng nghn kW.

Trong cng nghip thng dng my in khng ng b lm ngun ng lc
cho my cn thp loi va v nh, ng lc cho cc my cng c cc nh my
cng nghip nh
Trong hm m dng lm my ti hay qut gi.
Trong nng nghip dng lm my bm hay my gia cng sn phm.
Trong i sng hng ngy my in khng ng b cng dn chim mt v
tr quan trng: qut gi, my quay a, ng c trong t lnh.

Bi n c nhng u im ni bt hn hn so vi my in mt chiu cng nh
my in ng b, l:
C kt cu n gin, d ch to, lm vic chc chn, vn hnh tin cy. Chi
ph vn hnh v bo tr sa cha thp, hiu sut cao, gi thnh h.
My in khng ng b s dng trc tip li in xoay chiu do khng
cn phi tn km thm chi ph cho cc thit b bin i.

Tuy nhin, my in khng ng b ch yu c s dng ch ng c,
nn n cng c mt s nhc im l dng khi ng ca ng c khng ng b
thng ln (t 4 n 7 ln dng nh mc). Dng in m my qu ln khng
nhng lm cho bn thn my b nng m cn lm cho in p li gim st nhiu
(hin tng st p li in), nht l i vi li in cng sut nh.

Do vn t ra l ta cn phi gim c dng in m my ca ng c
khng ng b , c bit l vi ng c khng ng b rto lng sc. Bi v vic
tc ng vo ng c rto lng sc kh khn hn so vi ng c khng ng b
rto dy qun. Tuy nhin, hin nay vi vic p dng nhng ng dng ca in t
th cng vic tr nn d dng hn.



ChngII: Cc phng php m my

2.1-M my ng c in khng ng b:
Khi bt u m my th roto ang ng yn, h s trt s=1 nn tr s dng in
m my tnh theo mch in thay th bng:

1
k
2
1 1 2 1 1 2
U
I
(r C r ) ( C x )
=
' '
+ + + x

T cng thc trn ta thy, dng in khi ng ng c khng ng b ph
thuc vo bn thn cu to ca ng c v ph thuc nhiu vo in p li.
Trn thc t, do mch t tn bo ha rt nhanh, in khng gim xung nn
dng in m my cn ln hn so vi tr s tnh theo cng thc trn, in p
nh mc .thng dng m my bng 4 n 7 ln dng nh mc .iu khng
nhng lm cho ng c nhanh b hng m cn lm cho in p li mi khi khi
khi ng gim nhiu .Do nht thit ta phi lm gim dng in m my.

2.2-Cc phng php m my:
Cc yu cu m my c bn:
- Phi c mmen m my ln thch ng vi c tnh c ca ti.
- Dng in m my cng nh cng tt.
- Phng php m my v thit b cn dng n gin, r tin, chc chn
- Tn hao cng sut trong qu trnh m my cng nh cng tt
2.2.1-M my trc tip ng c in rtor lng sc:
y l phng php n gin nht, ta ng trc tip ng c in vo li in
.Khi in p U
1
t vo dy qun stato bng in p li (nh hnh v).Do
dng in m my ln, nu qun tnh ca ti ln thi gian m my di th s c
th lm cho my sinh nhit v nh hng in p li.



t
u

2.2.2-H in p m my:
T cng thc ca dng in m my ta thy, nu gim in p t vo stato khi
m my th s gim c dng in m my. Nhng h in p m my th cng
s lm cho mmen khi ng gim xung.

2
1 1 2
k
2 2
1 1 1 2 1 1 2
m pU r
M
2 [(r +C r ) (x C x ) ] f t
'
=
' '
+ +

Do ta ch dng phng php ny cho nhng thit b m my c nh.
2.3-Cc phng n:
-Ni in khng trc tip vo mch in stato: Khi m my trong mch in
stato t ni tip mt in khng, sau khi m my song th in khng ny b ni
ngn mch.
-Dng bin php t ngu: Ta s dng mt my bin p t ngu, bn cao p
ni vi li in, bn h p ni vi ng c in. Sau khi m my song th bin
p t ngu c ngt ra khi mch ng lc(ng c )
-M my bng phng php thay i ni -: phng php ny thch ng
vi nhng my khi lm vic bnh thng ch u tam gic, khi m my ta
i thnh sao.
-Dng b iu p xoay chiu ba pha dng ba triac u song song vi nhau.



* Phn tch u nhc im ca tng phng php m my:
+ C bn phng php trn u c tc dng h dng m my nhng trong
qua trnh hot ng ca ng c khi dng tng t ngt v mt l do no th 4
phng php trn khng p ng c(khng hn ch c dng ) v vy ta
dng b iu p xoay chiu 3 pha.
u im ca b iu o xoay chiu 3 pha khi iu chnh gc thch hp ca
cc xung iu khin t vo cc thyristor l c th h c in p t vo stasto
v do c th hn ch c dng qua ng c. V vn cn tham gia vo mch
trong qu trnh hot ng ca ng c .
Tuy nhin nhc im ca phng php ny l dng in v in p u
khng sin. Nhng do thi gian m my rt nh (t 1-3 giy) nn ta vn c th s
dng c.

V vy ta quyt nh chn phng n dng b iu p xoay chiu 3 pha
lm b khi ng cho ng c khng ng b 3 pha rto lng sc.

2.4- Phng php dng b iu p xoay chiu 3 pha:
Ta s dng 6 thyristor u song song ngc theo s nh hnh v. Khi ta cp
in p xoay chiu vo ba u A, B, C, do cn ph thuc vo gc m van ca cc
thyristor nn ta s c 3 dng in p t vo ng c ng vi 3 vng ca gc m
van. Cc in p ny u nh hn so vi in p vo.
T1
A
C
C
B
T6 T5
T4
T4
T3 T2



2.5- Phn tch hot ng ca b iu p xoay chiu 3 pha:
-V ng c khng ng c khng ng b c th coi nh l mt ph ti gm
c in p tr v cun cm ni tip nhau, trong :
+in tr rto bin thin theo tc quay.
+in cm ph thuc vo v tr tng i gia dy qun rtor v stator.
+ Gc pha gia dng in v in p cng bin thin theo tc quay =
(s).
-Do tnh cht t nhin ca mch in (c in cm) nn nu trong khong v <
m t xung iu khin vo cc van bn dn th cc van ny ch dn dng thi
im v= tr i.Do in p ng c khng ph thuc vo gc m .Nu nh
vy th ta khng iu chnh vo in p , v vy ta ch t xung iu khin vi gc
m > .
-Khi v> th ty thuc vo gi tr tc thi ca cc in p dy m c lc c 3
van 3 pha khc nhau dn dng , hay 2 van 2 van khc nhau dn dng:
+Nu c 3 van 3 pha khc nhau dn dng.
c' b'
. . . a'
c b
a
Zc
Zb Za

Khi dng in ti :

dm
U
i= sin( )
3Z
e +

U
m
: bin in p dy
: gc lch pha gia in p v dng in giai on ang
xt



+Nu ch c 2 pha c van dn:

c' b'
. . . a'
c b
a
Zc
Zb
Za

Khi ta c dng in ti:

dm
U
i= sin( )
2Z
e +

Ty thuc vo gc iu khin m cc giai on c 3 van dn hoc 2 van dn cng
thay i theo.

*Khong dn ca van ng vi = 0 60
0
:

Trong phm vi ny s c cc giai on 3 van v 2 van dn xen k nhau nh
th di y:



t
t
t
t
t
t
t
Ua
T6
T5
T4
T3
T2
T1
c
a
b

- Khong van dn ng vi = 60 90
0

t
t
t
t
t
t
t
u
T6
T5
T4
T3
T2
T1



CHNG III: CC PHNG PHP BO V VAN

3.1 Bo v qu nhit cho van
Khi lm vic vi dng in c dng chy qua trn van c st p, do c tn
hao cng sut AP tn hao ny sinh ra nhit t nng van bn dn. mt khc van
bn dn ch cho php lm vic di nhit cho php T
cp
cho php no , nu
qu nhit cho php th cc van bn dn d b ph hy. van bn dn lm vic
an ton khng b chc thng v nhit ta phi chn v thit k h thng tn nhit
hp l.
Tnh ton cnh tn nhit
Tn hao cng sut trn mt tiristor: AP = AU.I
lv
= 1,6.104,3 =166,88 W
Din tch b mt tn nhit:
m
m
P
S
K .t
A
=
Trong : AP tn hao cng sut
t - chnh lch so vi mi trng.
Chn nhit mi trng l: T
mt
= 40
0
C,
Nhit lm vic cho php ca tiristor l T
cp
= 125
0
C
Chn nhit trn cnh tn nhit T
lv
= 80
0
C
t = T
lv
T
mt
= 80 - 40 = 40
0
C
K
m
: h s ta nhit bng i lu v bc x, chn K
m
= 8 (w/m
2 0
C)
Vy ta c din tch ca mi cnh tn nhit:

m 4
166, 9
S 5215
10 8.40
= = (cm
2
)
Chn loi cnh tn nhit c36 cnh kch thc mi cnh: a x b = 10 x 10 (cm x
cm)
Vy tng din tch cnh tn nhit ca cnh tn nhit: S = 26.5.10.10 = 13000(cm
2
)


3.2 Bo v qu dng cho van
Trong qu trnh hot ng v lm vic ta phi sa cha v bo dng mch ng
lc cng nh mch iu khin do vy trong mch cn c thm cc thit b bo v
ng ngt nh: aptomat, cu ch, cu dao.
Nh ta bit I
c
=208.6A
Ta chn aptomat c thng s v tr s nh sau:
I
tt
=k
mm
.I
c
= 6 . 208.6 = 1251.6A (k
mm
= 5 7)
Ta la chn mng aptomat loi 4 cc 415V loi S vi I
Nm
=55 (KA), I
m
=
1600A do Clipson ch to
Ta c I
tt
ca cu ch l:

mm dc
tt
K .I
I
C
=
K
mm
= 57, C = 2.5

tt
6.208, 6
I 500, 64(A)
2, 5
= =

Ta chn I
cc
= 1.11.3 I
tt
=>I
cc
= 1,2 . 500.64 =600.768A

Vi I
cc
= 600.768A ta la chn loi cu ch c U=400V vi I
m
=630A loi h p
do ABB ch to.
La chn dao cch ly
Ta c: I
dc
=208,6 (A)
Ta c I
tt
> I
c
Ta la chn loi cu dao cch ly vi U= 1000V vi I
m
= 250A

khi lng ca cu dao l 6.9 kg do ABB sn xut vi k hiu l OESA.



3.3 Bo v qu p
Trong qu trnh lm vic van phi chu in p ngc tng i ln do vy ngi
ta phn ra lm 2 loi nguyn nhn gy qu p:

1> Nguyn nhn ni ti: l do s tch t in tch trong cc lp bn dn. Khi
kha van tisitor bng in p ngc, cc in tch ni trn i ngc li hnh trnh
to ra dng in ngc trong thi gian rt ngn.s bin thin nhanh chng ca
dng in ngc gy nn sut in ng cm ng rt ln trong cc in cm, vn
lun lun c ca ng dy ngun dn ti tiristor. V vy gia ant v catot ca
tiristor xut hin qu in p. Ta c th th hin qu trnh bin thin ca in p
v dng in trn.

u
t
t
i

2> nguyn nhn bn ngoi: nhng nguyn nhn ny thng xy ra ngu nhin
i khi ng ct khng ta mt bin p trn ng dy, khi mt cu ch nhy khi c
sm st



bo v qu p do tch t in tch khi chuyn mch gy nn ngi ta dng mch
RC u song song vi tiristor nh hnh di:
R
c

Thng s ca R, C ph thuc vo mc qu in p c th xy ra, tc bin
thin ca dng in chuyn mch, in cm trn ng dy, dng in t ha my
bin p. Vic tnh ton thng s ca mch R, C rt phc tp, i hi nhiu thi
gian nn ta s dng phng php xc nh thng s R, C bng th gii tch, s
dng ng cong c sn
Do vy qu trnh tnh ton cc thng s R, C rt phc tp v vy chng ta p dung
phng php chn gi tr R, C theo kinh nghim:
Theo kinh nghim ngi ta chn R = (530)O,C = (0.254) F
Theo tnh ton dng qua van bng 208.6 A l ln nn ta chn gi tr R,C nh sau
R = 25O , C = 0.8 F



Ta c mch hon chnh:

C
C1
C1
R1
R1
C2 C2
R2
R2 R2
R1
C2
C1

Do xung p ca li in nn chng ta phi mc cc t, in tr song song vi
ti u vo nhm lc xung. Khi xut hin xung in p trn ng dy nh c
mch ny m nh xung gn nh nm li hon ton trn in tr ng dy. Do
vy tr s R
2
, C
2
ph thuc nhiu vo ti. Nhng do qu trnh tnh ton rt phc
tp ng thi theo kinh nghim R
2
= (5 20O ) C
2
= 4 m F
V dng ca ng c tng i ln nn ta chn C
2
= 4 m F v R
2
= 8 O



PHN II: THIT K MCH

CHNG I: THIT K MCH NG LC

1.1 TNH TON CHN VAN

Da vo th dng in p ca b iu p xoay chiu ba pha ta c th tnh ton
dng in qua van, in p ngc qua van do thi gian m my ca ng c khng
c qu ln:
t
k
= 3s.
Mt khc dng in y cng tng i ng k do vy chng ta khng th
chn iu khin dng triac do qu trnh hot ng triac pht nng cao do dng in
qu ln. Do vy chng ta la chn s tiristor
Ta c dng in ng c:

3
dm
dc
dm
P 120.10
I 208, 6A
3U . cos 3.380.0, 94.0, 93 q
= = =

Dng in chy qua mi tiristor:

dc
lv
I
I 104, 3(A)
2
= =

Dng in lm vic ca tiristor l 104.3 A l tng i ln, do tn hao nng
lng trn tiristor cng kh ln v vy ta phi la chn lm mt cho ph hp
m bo cho tiristor hot ng bnh thng v ht cng sut.
T cc phng php lm mt ta la chn phng php lm mt bng cnh tn
nhit c qut gi cng bc vi tc gi 12m/s vi iu kin lm mt ny tiristor
c th lm vic vi 50% dng nh mc.
Dng in tiristor cn chn l:

Tlv
Tdm
I .100
I 208, 6(A)
50
= =
in p tiristor khi trng thi kha l:


Tlv d
U 2U 2.380 537(V) = = =
in p nh mc ca tiristor l:
U
Tm
= k
t
U
Tlv
= 1,8.537 =996(V)
Tiristor mc vo li in xoay chiu vi tn s 50Hz nn thi gian chuyn
mch ca tiristor khng nh hng ln n vic chn tiristor:

T1
A
C
C
B
T6 T5
T4
T4
T3 T2

T cc thng s trn ta la chn loi tiristor 303RB100 c thng s sau:
- in p ngc cc i ca van: U
n
= 1000 V
- Dng in nh mc ca van: I
m
= 300 A
-Dng in nh cc i: I
pik
= 8000 A
- in p ca xung iu khin: U
k
= 3V
- S st p ln nht ca tiristor trng thi dnl: U =1.6 V
- Dng in d: Ir=30 mA


- Dng in t gi: I
h
=500 mA
- Dng in xung iu khin: I
k
= 0.15 A
- Nhit lm vic cc i cho php: T
cp
= 125
0C
-
Tc bin thin in p: du/dt =200 V/s
- Tc bin thin dng in: di/dt =180 A/s
- Thi gian chuyn mch: t
cm
=75 s

ChngII: CC IU KIN THIT K MCH IU
KHIN

2.1-gii thiu chung v mch iu khin ton h thng
1. Cc yu cu chung i vi h thng iu khin
a- m bo pht xung vi cc yu cu m van:
- bin , U
X

- rng ,t
x

-Sn xung ngn (t
x
=0.51s)
(xung iu khin thng c bin 2v n 10v, rng xung thng
t 20s n 200 s)
b- m bo tnh i xng i vi cc knh iu khin
Trong s iu khin cc thyristor y th lch cho php ca cc
xung cc knh khc nhau phi trong mt phm vi cho php vi cng mt
gi tr in p iu khin
c- m bo cch ly gia mch iu khin v mch ng lc
i vi khu bin p xung thng c s dng nh mt khu truyn
khu cui cng tng khuch i xung, in p chi ng gia s cp v
th cp phi t 1500v 2000v khi s lm vic vi in p li 380v
d- m bo ng quy lut thay i v pha ca cc xung iu khin
y l yu cu m bo phm vi iu chnh ca gc iu khin
Thng thng i vi s bin i xung p xoay chiu gc phi thay
i trong phm vi 0
0
210
0

e- C th iu chnh c gc iu khin , khng phu thuc vo s thay
i in p li.
f- Khng gy nhiu vi cc h thng in t khc xung quanh.
g- C kh nng bo v qu p, qu dng mt pha ...v bo hiu khi c s c


i vi cc yu cu c th ca s b bin i xung p xoay chiu 3
pha cho mch iu khin m my ng c khng ng b roto lng sc
th c 2 yu cu chnh m mch iu khin phi thc hin c l:

1-Khi m my th dng m my qua ng c phi c hn ch v lc
ny dng m my tng t ngt vi gi tr ln lm hng ng c
2- hn ch dng m my th ta dng b bin i xung p xoay chiu 3
pha h in p t vo dy qun stato ng c v do dng m my s
hn ch .Vy ti lc m my ta thng iu chnh U
k
cho in p stato
bng khonh 65%U
m
nn sau khi khi ng th ta phi cho in p stato
phi tng tr li.
Sau khi khi ng th U
c
phi tng tr li theo nh th di y v
nh iu chnh U
c
th ta s iu chnh c thi gian khi ng t
k
=1s 3s

to 65%Udm=Udc
tkd=(1-3s)
t
0
Udc
U



thc hin iu ny ta phi dng mt khu sau:

Khu c tc dng to ra tn hiu U
k
m cc van T. Do vy thc hin
c iu ny ta c s U
k
nh sau:

Mc ch:
Khi khi ng th s c mt gi tr nht nh l ta iu chnh in p iu
khin ny lc khi ng ng c s c: U
c
= 65%U
m
dng qua ng
c c hn ch.
Sau cng tc star ng vo mch tch phn hot ng U
k
s lm mt
hm tuyn tnh ca U
d
c dng nh sau:

+E
-E
R1
R2
R3
R4
RX
D1 D2
Ud
C
C1
B
Udk
D
K


Udko
o
t
U
Chnh nh U
k
tng th gc s gim dn v U
c
s tng dn t theo ng
yu cu.
Phn tch hot ng
Khi cha ng cng tc th U
k
= U
k0
, trong U
k0
l in p iu khin
ng vi U
c
= 65% U
m

Khi ng cng tc th U
d
= -E
Ta c: -U
k
=
C
d d
2 x 2 x 2 X
U U 1 1 E
I C
C C R R C(R R ) C(R R )
dt dt t t
= = = +
+ + +
} }

T :
U
k
=
dk0
2 X
E
U
C(R R )
t = +
+

Vy sau U
k
s tng dn v gim dn th U
c
s tng dn.
Vy nh khu trn ta thc hin c yu cu ra cho cng vic khi
ng.



*Cu trc ca mt mch iu khin sau:

SS
X
Uc
M
DF
1
2
3 4
U

Trong :
-F: khu to in p ng pha
-U
rc
: in p rng ca
- Uc: l in p iu khin
- Khu 2: khu so snh in p gia U
c
v U
rc
, khi U
c
- U
rc
=0 th trigow
lt trng thi
- Khu 2: khu to xung chum .
- Khu 3: l khu khuch i xung
- Khu 4: khu bin p xung.
Bng cch iu hnh U
c
ta c th iu chnh c v tr xung iu khin tc
l iu chnh c gc .

2.2 Khu to in p ng b
Khu to in p ng b cho b iu o xoay chiu ba oha iu chnh
su thyrisror thng cn mt h in p 6 pha lm in p ng b. Gc
c tnh t gc O .H in p pha ny bao gm su in p ng b hnh
sin lch nhau mt gc /3.Yu cu ny s c tha mn d dng nu dng
mt my bin p 3 pha s cp c ba cun dy u sao ly in p t li.
My bin p ny c th c b tr nh sau:



U'c
Uc
U'b
Ub
U'a
Ua
C
B
A

Cch sau:
im trung tnh k hiu l O ni vi im O ca mch iu khin u
s1
, u
s3,
u
s5
dng lm in p ng b ca pha a, b, c tng ng :
u
s1
=U
sm
sin ( + /3);
u
s3
=U
sm.
sin ( - /3);
u
s5
= U
sm.
sin ( );
u
s2
= U
sm.
sin ;
u
s4
=U
sm.
sin ( 2 /3);
u
s6
=U
sm.
sin ( 4 /3);



Nguyn l hot ng:
Theo s cu trc khu ny phi to ra mt in p c gc lch pha c nh vi
in p lc t ln van lc, ph hp nht cho mc ch ny l bin p . y ta s
dng bin p mt pha c im gia.

in p hnh sin ca li in c chnh la qua b chnh lu 1pha 2 na chu
k tao ra U
DF
. in p U
DF
c so snh vi in p t U
o
qua b so snh l 1
OPAM, cho u ra U
db
l in p 2 trng thi bo ha m v bo ha dng ca
OPAM. in p U
o
c to ra qua b chia p gm ngun E v cc in tr R
2
v
bin tr VR
3
. Vic iu chnh U
0
ta iu chnh nghing ca in p u ra
ca khu rng ca v c th iu chnh c di iu chnh ca gc iu khin o.


xung dieu
khien
5 6 4 3
2 1
u'c u'b
u'a
uc
ub
ua
u
o
3
t

2.3Khu bin p xung v khuch i xung:
a) Tc dng:
Khu khuch i xung l khu cui cng quan trng trong h thng iu
khin Khu KX c nhim v l khuch i tn hiu iu khin a n
iu khin van bn dn cng sut m bo cc tham s c bn nh bin
, rng v cng sut Mt trong nhng nhim v c bn ca KX l
cch ly gia mch ng lc v h thng iu khin .

Khi KX c tc dng tng cng dng t cng AND i ra (dng t
cng AND i ra thng nh) sau qua BAX to c dng in iu
khin I
g
, p iu khin Ug

c bin thch hp m Thyristor .
My bin p xung l loi bin p c bit trong in p t ln pha s
cp c dng cung ch nht m khng phi l mt in p hnh sin .iu ny
dn n ch lm vic v tnh ton BAX rt khc so vi cc bin p thng
thng.



b) Hot ng
S gm mt kha Transistor T
1
c iu khin bi mt xung c
rng t
x,
Khi T
1
m bo ha gn nh ton b in p ngun U
n
c t ln
cun s cp ca my biens p xung.in p cm ng bn pha th cp c
cc tnh dng m it D
2
a dng in iu khin vo gia cc iu
khin v catt ca thyrsisor T. iot D4 c tc dng lm gim in p ngc
t ln gia catot v cc iu khin ca thyristorT khi in p dng hn
in p ant. iu ny m bo an ton cho tip gip G K ca thyristor khi
T ch kha.
Khi transitor T1 kha li dng collector-emitter ca n s v bng 0
.Tuy nhin dng qua cun dy s cp BAX khng th b dp tt t ngt
c .Sc in ng t cm trn cun dy khi s o chiu theo hng
mun duy tr dng ny ,ngha l sc in ng c du(-) pha trn v (+)
pha di .Sc in ng ny c th rt ln v n t l vi tc gim ca
dng in s cp i
1:
di
1
/dt .Tuy nhin khi it D
1
v it n p DZ s m to
ra ng khp kn cho dng i
1
.Dng i
1
s suy gim dn v khng do tn hao
cng sut trn in tr thun ca cun dy v ch yu do tiu tn st p trn
it D1 v it D2 .Nh in p trn collector ca transitor T1 c gi
mc U
n
+ (U
D1
+ U
DZ
).
in tr R mc ni tip gia ngun v bin p xung c tc dng hn ch
dng t ha BAX. in tr R c tnh m bo dng qua transitor T1
khng bao gi vt qu dng collector ln nht cho php.

2.4 Khu to in p rng ca



Nguyn l hot ng:
in p ng b 2 trng thi bo ha m v bo ha dng c a vo b to
xung rng ca. B to xung rng ca thc cht l 1 mch tch phn hot ng 2
trng thi tng ng vi 2 trng thi phng np ca t C.
S dng c im ca OPAM ta c in p t ln 2 u t C bng in p u ra
ca OPAM 2.
2.5 Khu so snh

Khu ny c chc nng so snh in p iu khin vi in p ta nh thi
im pht xung iu khin thng thng l thi im khi 2 in p ny bng
nhau. Ni cch khc y l khu xc inh gc iu khin o.
in p rng ca c so snh vi tn hiu iu khin U
dk
qua mt OPAM

to
nn tn hiu u ra mang thng tin v gc o. Tn hiu iu khin U
dk
c diu
chnh nh khu phn hi v m bo: 0
dk Z
U V s s .



Chng III: THIT K MCH IU KHIN

3.1 To ngun nui mt chiu:
Khi to ngun nui mt chiu cung cp in p mt chiu cho khuych thut
ton hot ng v cho cc in p t u vo cc IC thc hin nhim v so
snh.
Chn IC n p loi:
- UA7815 c in p ngng l 35V
Dng in ra I
0
= 1.5A, in p ra: E =15V
- UA7915 c in p ngng l -40V
Dng in ra I
0
= 1.5 A
in p ra: E = -15V
T C
4
, C
5
dng lc sng hi bc cao v R =1 kO
Chn C
4
= C
5
= 470F, U = 35V

C5
C4
R
R
C5
C4
-E
+E
0
7915
7815



3.2 Tnh tng khuych i cui cng
- Chn transistor cng sut 2SC9111 lm vic ch xung c cc thng
s:
- Transistor loi NPN, vt liu bn dn l Si
- in p gia colecto v baz khi h mch emitor: U
CBO
= 40V
- in p gia emitor v baz khi h mch colecto: U
EBO
= 4V
- Dng in ln nht colecto c th chi ng Ic
max
= 500 mA
- Cng sut tiu tn colecto Pc = 1.7W
- Nhit ln nht mt tip gip: t = 175
0
C
- H s khuych i: | =50
- Dng lm vic ca colecto: Ic
3
= I
1
= 33.3mA
- Dng lm vic ca baz: I
B3
= I
C3

Ta thy loi transistor l van dn c cng sut iu khin kh b: U
k
= 3V, I
k
=
0.15A . Nn dng colecto-baz ca transistor Ir
3
kh b, trong trng hp ny ta
c th khng cn transistor T
2
m vn cng sut iu khin transistor. Chn
ngun cho bin p xung E = 15V, ta phi mc thm in tr R
10
ni tip vi cc
emitor ca Ir
3
, R
1
R
10
=
1
1
E-U 15 4
60( )
I 0.15
= = O
Tt c cc diode trong mch iu khin u dng loi 1N4009 c tham s:
-Dng in nh mc: I
m
=10A
- in p cho diode m thng: U
m
= 1V
- in p ngc ln nht U
N
= 25V



3.3 Chn cng AND
Ta thy trong mch iu khin dng 6 cng AND nn ta la chn 2 IC4081 h
CMOS. Mi IC4081 c 4 cng AND vi cc thng s:
-Ngun nui IC: V
CC
= 39V. Ta la chn V
cc
=12V
-Nhit lm vic: T = -40
0
C80
0
C
-in p ng vi mc logic1: 24.5V
-Dng in nh hn 1mA
-Cng sut tiu th P = 2.5(nW/1cng)
Chn t C
3
v R
9

in tr R
9
dng hn ch dng in vo baz cua transist I
r3

Chn R
6
tha mn iu kin: vi I
r
=0,001(A)
R
6

r3
U
I
=
4,5
4, 5k
0,001
= O
Chn C
3
: R
6
= t
x
m R
6
= 4.5
=> C
3
=
x
6
t 167
0, 037( )
R 4, 5
F = =
3.4 Tnh b to xung chm
Ta c mi knh iu khin phi dng 4 knh khuych i thut ton, do ta chn
6 IC loi TL084 do hng Texas Instrumenst ch to, mi IC ny c 4 khuych i
thut ton.
Ta c thng s ca IC TL084:
-in p nui V
cc
= 18V, chn V
cc
= 12V
-Hiu in th gia hai u vo: U= 30V
-Nhit lm vic: T= -2585
0
C,
-Cng sut: P=0.68 (W)
-Tng tr vo: R
in
= 10
6
MO
-Dng in ra: I
ra
= 30 (pA)


-Tc bin thin in p: d
u
/d
t
= 13(V/s)
Mch to chm xung c tn s: f=
x
1
10(HZ)
2f
= , hay chu k ca chum xung: T=
1 1
( )
f 10
s =
Ta c T= 2.R
9
.C
2
.ln(1+2R
8
/R
7
), chn R
8
=R
7
=33(O)
Th ta c T= 2,2R
9
.C
2
=1000 vy R
9
.C
2
= 454,5(s)
Chn C
2
= 0,1s, c in p ra U=16(V), R
9
= 454,5 (O)

V thun tin cho vic lp mch ta la chn R
9
=5(kO)
U
k
= 3 V
I
k
= 0,15 A
Thi gian chuyn mch: t
cm
= 120 s
rng xung t
x
= 167
f
k
= 10 kHz
3.5 Tnh b to xung p
Chn vt liu lm li l st Ferit HM. Li c dng hnh xuyn lm vic trn mt
phn ca c tnh t ha c: B= 0,8 (T), H= 20(A/m), v khng c khe h
khng kh.
T s bin p thng l m=23 nn chn m=3.
in p cun th cp la: U
2
= U
k
=3V
in p t ln cun s cp: U
1
= m.U
2
= 3.3= 9V
Dng in th cp: I
2
= I
k
=0,15A
Dng in s cp I
1
=
2
I 0,15
0, 05
m 3
= = (A)
t thm trung bnh tng i ca li st:

3
TB 6
0
B 0,8
21.10
. H 1, 26.10 .30

A
= = =
A

Vi:
0
= 1,26.10
-6



Vy ta c th tch li thp cn c l:

3 6
TB 0 x x 2
2 2
. .t .S .U.I 21.10 .4.10 .167.0,15.15.0,15
V= 2, 34
B 0, 8

= =
A
(cm
3
)
Vi V= 2,34 cm
3
, ta chn c bin p xung vi cc thng s
a=6mm, b=8mm,d=25mm,D=40mm
Q=0.49cm
2

Chiu di mach t: L=10.2 (cm)
S vng dy s cp my bin p xung
Theo lut cm ng in t:

x
1 1 1
x
Ut dB B 12.167
U WQ WQ W 532
dt t Q 0,8.4, 7
A
= = = = =
AB
(vng)

S vng dy th cp:
( )
1
2
1
W 532
W 177 vng
m 3
= = =
Tit din dy qun s cp:

( )
2 1
1
1
I 0.5
S 0.0083 mm
J 6
= = =
ng knh dy qun s cp:
( )
1
1
4s 4.0, 0083
d 0.1 mm
3.14 t
= = =
Tit din dy qun th cp l:

2
2
2
I 0.15
S 0.0375
J 4
= = = (mm
2
)
Vi
2
J 4 =
V ng knh dy qun th cp l:

2
2
4S 4.0, 0375
d 0.2
t t
= = = (mm)


Kim h s lp y:

1 1 2 2
ld 2 2
S W S W 0, 0083532 0, 0375177
K 0.11
d 25
+ 3.14
4 4
t
+ +
= = =
+

Vi K
l
= 0,11 th ca s din tch cn thit
Tng so snh khuych i thut ton loi TL084
Chn R
4
= R
5
> U
V
/I
k
= 12/0,1.10
3
= 12kO
Trong nu ngun nui Vcc = 12V th in p A
3
l Uv 12V dng in vo
c hn ch I
lv
< 1mA
Do ta la chn R
4
= R
5
= 15 kO khi dng vo A
3
l:
I
v
=
3
12
0,8
15.10
= mA
Tnh chn khu ng pha
in p t c hnh thnh do s np ca t C
1
.Mt khc m bo in p t c
trong mt na chu k in p li l tuyn tnh th hng s thi gian np t: T =
R
1
.C
1
= 0.005s (thi gian np ca t T = 0.005s)
Chn t C
1
= 0.1F th in tr R
1
=
6
1
T 0, 005
50k
C 0,1.10
= = O
Thng thng R
3
c chn lm l mt bin tr thun tin cho vic iu chnh.
Ta chn transistor loi AS64 vi cc thng s transistor loi PNP lm bng Si.
in p gia colector v baz khi h mch emitor: U
CBO
= 25V
in p gia emitor v baz khi h mch collector: U
EBO
= 7V
Dng in ln nht ca colector c th chi ng I
Cmax
= 100mA
Nhit ln nht mt tip gip: T
cp
= 150
0
C
H s khuych i | = 250
Dng in cc i ca baz: I
B
=
C
I 100
0, 4
250 |
= = A


in tr R
2
hn ch dng in i vo cc baz ca transistor c tnh
nh sau: R
2
tha mn iu kin R
2

Nmax
3
V
U 12
30k
I 0, 4.10
> = = O
Chn in p xoay chiu ng pha U
A
= 9V
in tr R
3
hn ch dng in qua khuych i thut ton A
1
do vy R
3
c
chn sao cho dng in vo khuych i thut ton vi I
V
< 1mA .Do R
3

A
3
V
U 9
9(k )
I 10
> = = O
Chn R =10kO
3.6 Tnh ton bin p ngun nui v ng pha
Ta thit k my bin p dng cho c vic to in p ng pha v to ngun
nui, chn kiu bin p 3 pha 3 tr trn mi tr c 3 cun dy 1 cun s cp v 2
cun th cp
in p ly ra th cp my bin p lm bin p ng pha ly ra lm ngun nui:
U
2
= U
2pm
= U
N
= 15V
Dng in th cp my bin p ng pha: I
2p
= 1mA
Cng sut ngun nui cho bin p xung: U
p
= 6.U
2pm
.I
2p
= 6.15.10
-3
= 0.09W
Cng sut tiu th 6ICTL084 s dng lm khuych i thut ton ta chn
IC4081 to cng AND: P
IC
= 8.P
ic
8.0,68=5,12W
Cng sut my bin p xung cp cho cc iu khin tiristor:
P
X
= 6.U
k
.I
k
= 6.3.0,15 = 2,7W
Cng sut s dng cho vic to ngun nui:
P
N
= U
p
+ P
IC
+ P
X
= 0.09 + 5.12 + 2.7 = 7.91W

Cng sut ca my bin p c th tn tht 5% do trong my gy ra:
P
TT
= 0,05.(0,09+P
N
) = 0,4W
Vy tn tht cng sut do my bin p gy ra:


S = P
TT
+ P
N
= 0,4 + 7,91 = 8,3 VA
Dng in th cp my bin p

2
2
S 8, 31
I 0, 09(A)
6.U 6.15
= = =
Dng in s cp

1
2
S 8, 31
I 0, 0125( )
3.U 3.220
A = = =
Tit din tr ca my bin p c tnh theo cng thc kinh nghim

2
t q
S 8, 31
Q k . 6. 1, 4( )
m.f 3.50
cm = = =
Nn ta c tiu chun ha tit din tr Q
t
= 1,63 cm
2
, kch thc mch t l
a = 12 mm h = 30 mm
b = 16 mm h s p cht = 0,85

Trong k
Q
= 6 da vo h s phng php lm mt
S tr ca my bin p: m = 3
Tn s ca li in f = 50 Hz
Ta c s vng dy ca cun s cp:

4
1
220.10
W 7071
4, 4.50.1, 4
= = (vng)
Dy cun th cp :

4
2
15.10
W 482
4, 44.50.1, 4
= = (vng)
Chn mt dng in : J
1
= J
2
= 2,75(A/mm
2
)
ng knh dy cun : d
1
=
1
4. 4.0, 00457
0, 076( )
3,14
S
mm
t
= =
Vy chn d
1
= 0,1mm m bo bn v cch in tt ta chn d
1
= 0,12mm
S vng dy cun th cp: W
2
= 482 vng


Tit din dy: S
2
=
2
2 2
S 8, 31
0, 0335( )
6.U .J 6.15.2, 75
mm = =
ng knh dy cun th cp: d
2
=
2
4.S 0, 03355.4
0, 2( )
3,14
mm
t
= =
Chn d
2
=0,31mm
H s lp y k
l
= 0,9 vi k
l
=
2 2
1 1 2 1
(d .W d W)
4
C.h
t
+

Ca s my bin p :

2 2
1 1 2 1
ld
(d .W d .W)
4
C= 5, 5( )
h.k
mm
t
+
=
Chn C = 10mm
Chiu di mch t:
C
0
=2C+3a=2.10+3.12=56(mm)
Chiu cao mch t:
H = h + 2a = 30 + 2.12 =54(mm)
3.7 Tnh ton chn diode cho b chnh lu ngun nui:
Dng in HD qua I
DHD
=
2
I 0, 09
0, 06( )
2 2
A = =
in p ngc ln nht m diode phi chu:
U
Nmax
=
2
6.U = 6.15 36, 7( ) V =
Chn diode c I
m


I
m
>k
i
.I
DHD
= 10.0,06 = 0,6(A)
Chn I
m
= 1A
Chn diode c in p ngc ln nht
U
n
= k
n
.U
Nmax
= 2.36,7 =73,4(V)
Vi I
m
= 1(A), U
n=
73,4(V) ta chn diode loi KH 208A c cc thng s
:I
m
=1.5A,U
N
=100V

BÁO CÁO ĐTCS 2 (Rotor L NG Sóc)

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