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B GIAO THNG VN TI
TRNG I HC GIAO THNG VN TI TP H CH MINH KHOA: IN IN T VIN THNG

************

N MN HC: IN T CNG SUT II

TI:

THIT K MCH CHNH LU C IU KHIN Ging vin hng dn :Thy Lu Thin Quang Sinh vin thc hin: NHM 5_LP DC09 Lng Trng Nam on Vn T Nguyn Thanh Tun Trn Anh Sn
TP. H Ch Minh, ngy 25 thng 05 nm 2012

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GII THIU
in t cng sut l mt phn rt quan trng trong ngnh in. Ngy nay mch in t cng sut c mt hu ht cc ng dng in t, sinh hot dn dng ti khoa hc qun s. Hin nay cc mch logic ang c pht trin rt mnh c bit l s pht trin vt bc ca th h Vi x l nhng in t cng sut vn c ch ng ring ca n. Ngay trong cc vi mch dng Vi x l th cng vn phi s dng n cc mch in t cng sut d l rt nh. Chnh v nhng l nn vic hc tp v nghin cu v mch in t cng sut l v cng cn thit cho nhng sinh vin ang theo hc ngnh in ni chung v ngnh t ng ha ni ring. V l sinh vin nm th 3 nn tm hiu bit ca chng em v chuyn ngnh cng cha c su nhng em hy vng sau khi hc xong mn hc ny chng em s c mt vn kin thc tng i v in t cng sut v ng dng c vo trong thc t . Trong qu trnh hc tp v lm ti kt thc mn hc chng em xin chn thnh cm n Thy LU THIN QUANG hng dn tn tnh chng em c th hon thnh n c giao.

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TI :

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THIT K MCH CHNH LU VI NG VO 12V AC NG RA THAY I C T 0 -12V .

NI DUNG BO CO

I . Gii thiu cc linh kin s dng. II . S mch v nguyn l hot ng. III . Kt qu lp rp mch. IV.Tng kt. PHN 1:Gii thiu cc linh kin s dng trong mch. Trong mch to ngun : My bin p im gia 220V-ra l 12V, 0V,-12V. Diot: 1N4007. T phn cc 470uF. Trong mch iu khin gc kch: IC TL082 TRANSISTOR C2383 DIOT 1N0447 DIOTN4148 R 220 ohm, R10k, R1k,R200k, R3.9k, R33k T 0.1mF v 0,01mF

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S lc v ng dng ca cc linh kin

in Tr l mt linh kin in t th ng dng gim in . in tr c Biu tng v k hiu mch in

Nhn Dng Gi Tr in Tr Trong vic ch to in tr, ngi ta dng h thng m vch mu cho bit gi tr ca in tr khng H 4 Vch m mu

H Thng Vch Mu gi tr ca in tr Xanh Xanh en Cam Vng L (Tm Xm Trng (Brown Dn (Black (Red (Orange (Yellow Cy (Violet (Grey (White ) g ) ) ) ) (Green ) ) ) (Blue) )

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Cch Tnh Gi Tr in Tr Vch mu th nht cho bit gi tr th nht ca in Tr Vch mu th hai cho bit gi tr th hai ca in Tr Vch mu th ba cho bit cp s nhn ca ly tha mi

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Vch mu cui cho bit s thay i gi tr ca in tr theo nhit in tr cng sut hnh dng rt to. thng th in tr c cng sut khong 1W tr ln u c gi l in tr cng sut. Tc dng ca n thng b ngun hoc mch cao p, thnh thong gp mch cao tn RF. tc dng ca n ch yu l chu dng in ln v thin p cho mt s linh kin nh tranzito. chu dng cho mch dng cao nh mch ngun. Cch s dng n chng c g khc vi in tr thng ch c iu khi cn chu dng cao ta phi dng n trnh n in tr

Bin tr l cc thit b c in tr thun c th bin i c theo mun. Chng c th c s dng trong cc mch in iu chnh hot ng ca mch in. in tr ca thit b c th c thay i bng cch thay i chiu di ca dy dn in trong thit b, hoc bng cc tc ng khc nh nhit thay i, nh sng hoc bc x in t, ... K hiu ca bin tr trong s mch in c th cc dng nh sau:

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Hnh dng thc t ca bin tr :

T in l mt linh kin in t th ng to t hai b mt dn in ngn cch bi mt in mi khng dn in . Mt cng c c kh nng Tch, Lu v Nh in di dng nng lng ca in trng . T in c biu tng v k hiu mch in

Hnh dng thc t ca t in :

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Cu it : dng 4 it chnh lu c 2 na chu k ca dng in. nu i ngc 1 it bt k th ch cn tc dng chnh cn tc dng chnh lu na chu k thi.na chu k cn li s ko c dng in . na chu k c chnh lu l chu k m hay dng phj thuc vo it b o ngc

K hiu trn mch in :

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Hnh dng trn thc t :

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IC TL082:

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PHN II: S mch v nguyn l hot ng. Mch ngun (mch nhn i in p hoc to in p +12v v -12v)

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+Mch ngun gm c 1 my bin p c im gia chuyn i in p xoay chiu vi ng vo la in p 220v v ng ra l (+12v/0v/-12v) +Mt cu diot gm c 4 con diot bn dn dng chuyn i in p xoay chiu thnh in p mt chiu (chnh lu ton chu k) +Hai t in phn cc c gi tr 470uF v hai t in khng phn cc c gi tr 0.1mF dng nn phng in p hay to ngun (+12v v -12v)

Nguyn tc hot ng ca mch ngun: in p 220v c a qua my bin p im gia chuyn i thnh in p (+12v/0v/-12v) v ng ra ca my bin p (+12v/-12v) c ni vi cu diot khi

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dng din xoay chiu i qua cu diot s c chnh lu thnh dng mt chiu(chnh lu ton chu k) nh vo tnh nng bn dn ca 4 diot. Trong phn ny v mch ngun kh n gin ta coi nh n i lin vi my bin p. phn ny nhm xin gii thiu hai mch chnh ca ti l mch iu khin gc kch v mch chnh lu c iu khin. THIT K MCH IU KHIN GC KCH

Cu trc mch iu khin

Ulc

ng b

Udb

Uta

So snh

Ugk

Khuch i xung

To xung

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S nguyn l ca mch:

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Nguyn l hot ng ca cc khu: 1. Khu ng b - m bo quan h v gc pha c nh vi in p van lc xc nh im gc tnh gc iu khin . - To in p c hnh dng v tn s ph hp theo hot ng ca khu to in p ta. Khu ng pha Khu ng pha c nhin v to in p ta Urc (th-ng gp l in p dng rng c-a tuyn tnh) trng pha vi in p anod ca thyristor. 2-Khu to in p ta Dng rng ca: tuyn tnh, phi tuyn. Ta dng Diode kt hp t.

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3-Khu so snh Khu so snhc nhin v so snh gia in p ta vi in p iu khin Uk, tm thi im hai in p ny bng nhau (Uk=Urc). Ti thi im hai in p ny bng nhau, th pht xung u ra gi sang tng khuych i.So snh in p rng ca v in p iu khin nh thi im pht xung iu khin gc iu khin . Khuych i thut ton(KTT) c h s khuych i v cng ln, ch cn mt tn hiu rt nh (c V) u vo, u ra c in p ngun nui, nn vic ng dng KTT lm khu so snh l hp l. Cc s so snh dng KTT trn hnh (2.b) v 2.c) rt th-ng gp trong cc s mch hin nay. u im hn hn ca cc s ny l c th pht xung iu khin chnh xc ti Uk = Urc.

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Sau khu so snh ta nhn c xung c sn dc ng, nhng rng xung ln v ph thuc gc iu khin 4- Khu to xung Khu to xung c nhin v to xung ph hp m thyristor. Xung m Thyristor c yu cu: S-n tr-c dc thng ng rng vi rng xung ln hn thi gian m ca thyristor cng sut Cch ly mch iu khin vi mch lc Xung n l dng xung iu kin c rng ngn, thng < 100 s. Cng sut tn hao nh, phn khuch i xung gn nh, d truyn xung bng bin p. Xung n thch hp vi mch chnh lu ti thun tr hoc ti cm khng c tr s in cm nh. 5-Khu khuych i xung Vi nhim v to xung ph hp m SCR, tng khuych i cui cng th-ng -c thit k bng Tranzitor.

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KX tng cng sut xung cho khu to dng xung, n mc mnh m kha bn dn cng sut. Thyristor thng m chc chn khi xung iu khin c UGK = 5V 10V, IG = 0,3A 1A, rng 100s.

xc nh -c thi im cn m Tiristor chng ta cn so snh hai tn hiu Uk v Urc. Vic so snh cc tn hiu c th -c thc hin bng Tranzitor (Tr) nh- trn hnh :

Ti thi im Uk = Urc, u vo Tranzitor lt trng thi t kho sang m (hay ng-c li t m sang kho), lm cho in p ra cng b lt trng thi, ti chng ta nh du -c thi im cn m Tiristo. Nh vy chng ta c xung kch thay i gc dn ca SCR, t chng ta s thay i c dng in ra ti.

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THIT K MCH NG LC

Thit k s b mch chnh lu 1. Xc nh yu cu thit k. 2. Chn phng n mch lc. 3. Tnh ton mch lc. 4. Tnh ton van lc.

Xc nh yu cu thit k in p ra ti nh mc: Udm(V):12 Phm vi v yu cu iu chnh Ud(V):0-12 Dng in ti nh mc: Idm.(A):3 Tnh cht ti v phm vi thay i ti. H s p mch ra ti ( phng ca in p ra ti): km.khng

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Mch chnh lu

Ulc

Bin p lc

Udp

Mch kha bn dn

Ti

Mch iu khin

Mch chnh lu toan song co ieu khien iem gia vi mot tai ien tr S mach ien:

Trong na chu ky dng cua ien ap vao, SCR1 la thuan chieu. Neu chung ta cung cap cong tn hieu tai , SCR1 la m. ien ap ra v0 i theo sau ien ap vao. Dong ien tai ( i0 = v0 / R ) co dang song giong nh ien ap tai . Tai , khi dong ien qua SCR1 tr thanh 0, no tr ve ong t nhien. Trong na chu ky am, SCR2 la thuan chieu. SCR2 la kch tai ( ) . ien ap ra lai i theo sau ien ap vao . Dong ien i qua SCR2 tr thanh 0 tai 2 , va no tr ve ong. SCR1 la kch lan na tai (2 ) va SCR2 tai (3 ) , va chu ky lai lap lai
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V0( avg ) Vm (1 cos )

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Hnh:dang song cua ien ap va dong ien

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PHN III:Kt qu lp rp mch.

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Sau y l mt s hnh nh thu c khi nhm chng em tin hnh o c trn my dao ng k. Chn 1 ICTL082 c dng xung vung khng iu chnh c.

Chn 5 IC TL082 c dng xung rng ca

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Chn 7 ICTL082 c dng xung vungiu chnh c

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Ng ra ca mch iu khin c dng xung kim.

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Khi gc kch 180o

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Phn IV-Kt lun

Sau mt hc k thc hin n vi s h-ng dn tn tnh ca thy gio h-ng dn Lu Thin Quang v cc thy gio trong b mn ,chng em hon thnh n mn hc in T Cng Sut vi ti iu chnh tc qut v t -c mt s kt qu sau : 1 - Hiu -c v cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca mch 2 - Vn dng -c nguyn l hot ng ca mch iu p xoay chiu mt pha vo mch thc t. 3 - Bit cnh thit k v tnh ton mch lc. 4 - Bit cch thit k v tnh ton mch iu khin. Kt qu m phng cho thy mch lc v mch iu khin hot ng tt p ng -c nhng yu cu thc t t ra. iu chng t tnh ng n ca mch thit k. Kt qu ny c th l c s cho vic ng dng thit k mch trong thc t. Tuy nhin, do thi gian c hn v trnh cn hn ch, n ny khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Em xin chn thnh cm n gio vin h-ng dn Lu Thin Quang v cc thy gio trong b mn tn tnh gip chng em hon thnh tt n ny.

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