Li ni u

Trong nhng nm gn y, cng vi s pht trin kinh t ca c nc, ngnh iu ha khng kh trong nc cng c nhng bc pht trin vt bc v ngy cng tr nn quen thuc trong i sng v sn xut. Ngy ny, iu ha khng kh khng th thiu trong cc ta nh, khch sn, vn phng, nh hng, cc dch v du lch, y t, th thao m cn c trong cc cn h, cc phng tin i li nh t, tu ha, tu thy Ngnh iu ha khng kh trong nhng nm qua cng em li li ch kinh t khng nh, gp phn nng cao cht lng sn phm, m bo quy trnh cng ngh nh trong cc ngnh si, dt, ch bin thc thm, in t, vin thng Cho nn vic nghin cu h thng iu ha khng kh trong lnh vc cng nghip, dn dng ng mt vi tr rt quan trng nhm nm vng nguyn l ca h thng, a ra cc phng n khai thc, bo dng hp l ng thi ngy mt hon thin h thng hn. Vi vic vn dng kin thc c hc trng gii quyt nhng vn c th trong thc t, em thc hin ti tt nghip vi ni dung: Tn ti: iu ha trung tm. H thng iu khin cho thit b iu ha trung tm cng sut ln vi ba my nn ca hng York Marine Controls Ni dung n bao gm: Chng 1: Tng quan v iu ho khng kh. Chng 2: H thng iu ho trung tm ca hng York marine Controls. Chng 3: Xy dng h thng iu khin cho h thng iu ho trung tm.
1

Trong qu trnh thc hin ti vi s n lc ca bn thn v s gip tn tnh ca thy TS: Nguyn Tin Ban v cc thy, c trong b mn em hon thnh xong cun n ng thi hn. Mc d c gng, song do hn ch v kin thc, kinh nghim. Nn n khng th trnh khi nhng sai st, em rt mong c s ng gp kin ch bo ca cc thy, c gio v cc bn. Cui cng em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy, c trong khoa in Dn Dng v Cng Nghip trng i Hc Dn Lp Hi Phng to iu kin gip em. c bit em cm n thy Ts: Nguyn Tin Ban l ngi trc tip hng dn ti, ng thi em xin gi li cm n ti gia nh, bn b ng vin, gip em hon thnh bn n ny. Em xin chn thnh cm n !

Sinh vin: Phm Vn Chu

CHNG 1 Tng quan v h thng iu ha khng kh

1.1. Gii thiu h thng iu ha khng kh [3] H thng iu ha khng kh l mt tp hp cc my mc, thit b, dng c tin hnh cc qu trnh x l khng kh nh si m, lm lnh, kh m, gia m iu chnh khng ch v duy tr cc thng s kh hu trong nh nh nhit , m, sch, kh ti, s tun hon phn phi khng kh nhm p ng nhu cu tin nghi v cng ngh. 1.1.1. Phn loi. Phn loi h thng iu ha l rt phc tp v chng a dng v phong ph, p ng nhiu ng dng c th ca hu ht cc ngnh kinh t. Tuy nhin, c th phn loi iu ha khng kh theo cc c im sau y: - Theo mc ch ng dng c th phn ra iu ha tin nghi v iu ha cng ngh . - Theo tnh cht quan trng phn ra iu ha cp 1, cp 2 v cp3. - Theo tnh tp trung phn ra h iu ha cc b, h iu ha tng hp gn (vi cc cm my gn) v h thng trung tm nc. - Theo cch lm lnh khng kh phn ra h thng lm lnh trc tip (lm lnh trc tip khng kh bng dn bay hi) hoc gin tip (qua nc lnh vi dn FCU v dn AHU). Loi gin tip c th phn ra loi kh v loi t. Loi kh l loi c dn ng xon trao i nhit c cnh, nc lnh i trong ng cn khng kh i ngoi ng. Loi t hay cn gi dn phun l loi bung iu khng kh c dn phun trc tip nc lnh vo khng kh cn lm lnh. Loi kh cn gi l h thng kn v loi t gi l h thng h.

- Theo cch phn phi khng kh c th phn ra h cc b hoc trung tm. Kiu cc b l x l khng kh c tnh cht cc b cho tng khng gian iu ha ring l, cn kiu trung tm l khng kh c x l ti mt trung tm v phn phi n cc khng gian iu ha bng qut ng gi. - Theo nng sut lnh c th phn ra loi nh (ti hai tn lnh hay 24.000Btu/h hoc 7 kW), loi trung bnh t 3 n 4 tn lnh v loi ln t 100 tn lnh tr ln. - Theo chc nng c loi mt chiu hoc hai chiu. My iu ha mt chiu l loi ch c mt chc nng lm lnh. My iu ha hai chiu l loi bm nhit c kh nng lm lnh vo ma h v si m vo ma ng. - Cn c kt cu ca my chia my iu ha mt cm, hai cm v nhiu cm. - Theo cch b tr dn lnh chia ra loi ca s, treo tng, treo trn, giu trnloi mt ca hoc nhiu ca thi, t tng, hp tng, kiu t hnh lang - Theo cch lm mt thit b bnh ngng t chia ra loi gii nhit gi hoc gii nhit nc hoc kt hp gi nc. - Theo chu trnh lnh c th phn ra my lnh nn hi, hp th, eject, hoc nn kh. - Theo mi cht lnh ca my nn hi chia ra my lnh dng amonic, fren R22, 134a, 404A, B, 507, 123 hoc nc - Theo kiu my nn chia ra my nn pittng, trc vt, rto, xon ng hoc tua bin. - Theo cch b tr h thng ng dn nc lnh ca h thng trung tm nc chia ra h thng hai ng, h hi ngc, h ba ng v h bn ng nc. - Theo h thng ng phn phi gi chia ra h thng mt ng gi, hai ng gi hoc h thng khng c ng gi.

- Theo cnh iu chnh gi chia ra loi h thng lu lng khng thay i (CAV- Constant Air Volume) v h thng lu lng thay i (VAR- Variable Air Volume). - Theo cch iu chnh nng sut lnh bng ng ngt my nn hoc iu chnh v cp tc qua my bin tn chia h thng lu lng mi cht khng i hoc h thng lu lng mi cht thay i (VRV- Variable Refrigerant Volume). VRV l kiu my iu ha c bit ca Daikin iu chnh nng sut lnh bng my bin tn, mt cm dn nng kt ni c ti tm hoc mi su dn lnh. - Theo p sut gi trong ng c loi gi tc cao v loi gi tc thp. - Theo tc gi loi gi tc cao loi gi tc thp. 1.1.2. S c bn ca h thng iu ha [1] a) S

Hnh 1.1. S c bn h thng lnh. 1- My nn; 2- Dn ngng t; 3- Bnh cha cao p; 4- Phm lc ; 5- Van tit lu; 6- Dn bay hi . b) Nguyn l hot ng . Hi ht v my nn l hi qu nhit c nn on nhit ln p sut Pk, tk i vo bnh tch du, y du c lc li a tr li my nn nh vo nguyn tc chnh lch p sut. Cn hi mi cht a n thit b ngng t, ti thit b ngng t hi mi cht thc hin qu trnh trao i nhit ng p. Lc
5

ny mi cht tr thnh lng c a vo bnh cha cao p, ri i qua phm lc, phm lc c nhim v lc cc cu bn v hi m trong mi cht. Sau mi cht i qua van in t. Mi cht lng tip tc i qua knh xem lng, qua van tit lu. Nh van tit lu m hi lng c h nhit v p sut P0 trong dn bay hi. Ti dn bay hi, mi cht lnh thc hin qu trnh trao i nhit trc tip vi mi trng cn lm lnh hoc vi cht ti lnh. Sau hi mi cht tip tc i vo bnh tch lng, cn hi th c my nn ht v kt thc mt qu trnh v chu trnh c lp li. 1.1.3. Cc thit b trong h thng. Mt h thng iu ha bao gm cc thit b : My nn lnh, h thng ng ng, mi cht lnh, thit b trao i nhit (thit b ngng t, bay hi), thit b ph (bnh cha du, bnh tch du, bnh cha cao p, h p, bnh tch lng, cc phm lc, phm sy, cc thit b x kh, bm, qut, cc thit b van cc loi). Thit b ngng t l thit b trao i nhit bin hi mi cht lnh p sut cao v nhit cao sau qu trnh nn thnh dng lng. Da vo mi trng lm mt chia thit b ngng t thnh cc nhm: Thit b ngng t lm mt bng nc, bng khng kh, va bng nc v bng khng kh Thit b bay hi l thit b thu nhit t mi trng lm lnh tun hon gia thit b bay hi v i tng lm lnh nhn nhit v lm lnh i tng . Da vo tnh cht ca mi trng lm lnh ngi phn thnh: Thit b bay hi lm lnh cht ti lnh nh: nc, nc mui hay nhng cht lng khc hoc thit b hi lm lnh khng kh. Bnh tch du dng tch du ra khi mi cht lnh, du khi i vo dn ngng t, dn bay hi. Bnh tch du c lp t sau my nn trc dn bay hi. Bnh tch lng c nhim v m bo hi ht v my nn trng thi hi bo ha kh trnh c ngp thy cho my nn.
6

 Bnh cha cao p c b tr ngay sau dn ngng t dng cha lng mi cht p sut cao, gii phng b mt trao i nhit ca thit b ngng t, duy tr s cp lng lin tc cho van tit lu. Phm sy v phm lc c nhim v lc cc cn bn lt v h thng lnh, m bo an ton hot ng tin cy cho h thng c lp trc dn bay hi. Mi cht lnh l tc nhn chnh lm lnh thu nhit mi trng c nhit thp v thi nhit mi trng c nhit cao. Mi cht lnh c nhit thp thng my chc m v d nh R12, R22, R134a. My nn lnh l b phn quan trng nht trong h thng lnh. My lnh c nhim v: - Lin tc ht hi sinh ra thit b bay hi . - Duy tr p sut P0 v nhit t 0 cn thit. - Nn hi nn p sut cao tng ng vi mi trng lm mt y vo thit b ngng t. - a lng qua thit b tit lu ti thit b bay hi, thc hin vng tun hon kn ca mi cht lnh trong h thng gn lin vi vic thu nhit mi trng lnh v thi nhit mi trng nng. My nn quan trng mt mt do chc nng ca n trong h thng, mt khc do gm nhiu b phn chuyn ng phc tp nn cht lng, tin cy v nng sut lnh ca h thng ph thuc ch yu vo cht lng tin cy, nng sut lnh ca my nn. Trong k thut lnh ngi ta s dng hu nh tt c cc loi my nn vi cc nguyn l lm vic khc nhau, nhng nhng loi my nn c s dng nht l my nn pittng, trc vt, rto lm vic theo nguyn l nn th tch v my nn tuabin, my nn eject lm vic theo nguyn l ng hc. Mt my nn c 3 thng s c bn sau : + T s nn ( ) l t s gia p kh ra v p sut kh vo ca my nn
7

P( Ra ) P(Vao )

(1.1)

+ Nng sut ca my nn (Q): l khi lng (kg/s) hay th tch (m3/h) kh m my nn cung cp trong mt n v thi gian. + Cng sut ca my nn (N): l cng sut tiu hao nn v truyn kh. Ngoi ra my nn cn c cc thng s v hiu sut my nn, v kh nn (nhit , p sut kh vo ra, l tnh v ho tnh ca kh vi cc thng s kh c trng). 1.1.4. Cc phng php iu chnh nng sut lnh [2] iu chnh nng sut lnh nhm mc ch vn hnh h thng ti u v kinh t duy tr nhit bung lnh theo yu cu bung lnh trong iu kin vn hnh khc nhau. 1.1.4.1.iu chnh hai v tr on off iu chnh hai v tr hay cn gi l iu chnh khng lin tc theo bc. i din cho loi ny l r le nhit (thermostat) v r le p sut hot ng nh nhit v p sut ng ngt trc tip tip im in hai hay nhiu cc. Bng cch ghp ni tip hay song song cc thit b iu chnh hai v tr c th t c s iu chnh vi nhiu bc. Hnh 1.2 gii thiu ng c tnh iu chnh hai v tr.
Y

ON

OFF
im tn hiu ng mch

im tn hiu ngt mch

Hnh 1.2. ng c tnh ca iu chnh hai v tr:

X : Vi sai ng ngt (vi sai ON OFF); Y- i lng t; X i lng ra

Ngoi dng c iu chnh hai v tr, trong k thut lnh cn s dng dng c iu chnh ba v tr vi chc nng chuyn i chc nng vn hnh LM LNH NGT X BNG. R le nhit thng c hai u cm nhit ring bit. 1.1.4.2. iu chnh nhy cp Khi kt hp nhiu dng c iu chnh hai v tr c th thit lp iu chnh nhy cp. Nu kt hp hai dng c iu chnh v tr c th thc hin iu chnh ba cp nh sau: 0 - 50 - 100%. Hnh 1.3 gii thiu c tnh iu chnh ba cp
100% OFF 50% ON

OFF 0% -2 0

ON 2 4 t0C

Hnh1.3. c tnh iu chnh ba cp Th d: Mt bung lnh c trang b hai my nn. Nhit duy tr trong bung t -2 + 40C. Khi nhit phng tng qu 40C th my nn th hai ng mch. Nh vy khi x lnh, c hai my lm vic, khi nhit phng t + 20C my nn th nht ngt mch v khi t -20C my nn th 2 cng ngt mch. Nhit phng tng tr li 00C, my nn th 2 ng mch lm vic v ch khi nhit phng tng qu 40C th my nn th 1 mi lm vic.

1.1.4.3. iu chnh lin tc

Tn hiu vo Y H thng iu chnh Tn hiu ra X

a)

Y 1 (OFF)

0 (ON)

b)

X c)

Hnh 1.4: So snh gi tr iu khin 2 v tr v lin tc a) Tnh cht chuyn i tn hiu; b) c tnh iu chnh ON OFF; c) c tnh iu chnh lin tc. Khc vi iu chnh 2 v tr, khi iu chnh lin tc, ta c th iu chnh c i lng ra bt k v tr no trong vng iu chnh. Dng c iu chnh lin tc l dng c iu chnh c kh nng bin i lin tc cc tn hiu ca i lng vo ra cc tn hiu lin tc ca i lng ra. Cc dng c iu chnh c s dng trong qu trnh iu chnh cn chnh xc cao hn, trnh s dao ng qu ln iu chnh 2 v tr ON OFF. Ty theo tnh cht thi gian ca dng c ngi ta phn cc dng c t ng iu chnh lin tc ra cc loi khc nhau nh: iu chnh t l (proportional); iu chnh t l tch phn (proportional integral); iu chnh t l vi, tch phn (proportional integral derivative). 1.1.4.4. iu khin nng sut lnh trong h thng lnh s dng my nn pttng. [2] Gm cc phng php sau: - ng ct my nn kiu On Off - Tit lu hi ht.
10

- Bypass t ng hay x hi nng ng y quay tr li ng ht theo ng ng ph. - V hiu ha tng xilanh hoc cm xilanh cc my nn c nhiu xilanh. - iu chnh tc ng c my nn. Ty tng loi my nn v tng h thng lnh c th m ng dng cc phng php iu chnh nng sut khc nhau. 1.1.4.4.1. iu chnh ng ct my nn kiu On Off Phng php ny thng dng vi h thng lnh c cng sut nh hay trong cc t lnh gia nh. Phng php ny c u im thc hin n gin. Nhc im ng c khi ng nhiu v th nng lng tiu hao nhiu. Mt s s iu khin h thng .

NT MN TL M

BH TC BL

Hnh1.5: My nn lnh dng rle nhit trc tip ng ngt my nn. MN - My nn; M - ng c truyn ng; NT- Dn ngng t; TL- Tit lu; BH- Dn bay hi; TC- Rle nhit . Thit b iu khin 2 v tr thng sensor nhit , p sut thp. Trn hnh1.5, biu din s my lnh dng trc tip sensor nhit ng ngt my nn. Trn s 1.6 dng gin tip rle nhit qua rle p sut thp. Khi nhit bung lnh t yu cu, rle nhit ngt van in t. Van C ng ngng cp lng cho gin bay hi, p sut p gim xung nhanh chng, rle p sut ngt my nn.

11

NT BC

C TL

MN

TC

LP

BH

Hnh1.6: iu chnh nng sut lnh hai v tr gim tip qua role p sut thp LP( Low Pressure Switch): T-Van in t; BC- Bnh cha cao p; TL Van tit lu. 1.1.4.4.2. X hi nn v pha ht. 1. X hi nn v ng ht theo bypass. Ni dung ca phng php ny thc cht l ni ca cao p ca my nn vi ca ht ca mt van iu chnh. Van ny c iu chnh n p p sut bay hi yu cu. Khi nng sut lnh yu cu gim p sut van gim, van ny x hi nng t ca y sang ca ht , hi nng chn vi hi cng cht lnh i vo my nn. Kt qu lng cng cht gin lng v gin lnh u gim th nng sut lnh gim. u im ca phng php ny n gin. Nhc im ca phng php ny lm gim hiu sut cng tc, tui th ca my nn gim. 2. X hi nn v pha ht c phun lng trc tip. Trn hnh1.7, Trnh by s nguyn l x hi nn v ng ht c phun lng trc tip khng ch nhit cui tm nn. C th s dng van tit lu vi sensor nhit t trn ng ng y hoc ng ht. Trong s dng cn lu phi hp van tit lu tay kt hp vi van in t v mt sensor nhit iu khin van in t. Khi nhit u y vt qu mc cho php, th
12

sensor nhit ng mch, m van in t phun lng vo ng ht my nn.

NT

HP OP BC PL DP TL PC K LP PC

BH

Hnh1.7: H thng lnh iu chnh nng sut lnh bng x hi nng v ng ht c phun lng b xung trc tip vo ng ht khng ch nhit cui tm nn: OP- Van n p hi nn; PL - Van tit lu phun lng; KD Van khng ch p sut khi khi ng; HP- Rle p sut cao; LP- Rle p sut thp; DP - Rle p sut du. 3. X hi t bnh cha v ng ht.
NT NT

T OP T PC TLT PC TL TL

BC

BC

OP

MN

BH

BH

a)

b)

Hnh1.8: X hi t bnh cha v ng ht a) X hi nn v ng ht, phun lng qua rle nhit T v van in t T vi van tit lu tay TLT. b) iu chnh nng sut lnh bng cch x hi t bnh cao p v ng ht.

13

Gii php khc hn ch nhit cui tm nn l x hi lnh t bnh cha cao p v ng ht. Do hi bnh cha cao p ch nhit ngng t, nn khi ha vi hi ra gin bay hi nhit thp hn nhiu vi x hi nng trc tip t u y v. Nh vy c th tit kim ton b h thng phun lng vi van tit lu tay, van in t v sensor nhit . H thng c biu din trn hnh Nhc im ca h thng c th gy nhit u y cao, i hi ngi vn hnh phi c kinh nghim v mt thi gian theo di h thng. 4. X hi nn t ng y v trc gin bay hi. L mt gii php hp l hn ch nhit u y v qu nhit ca hi ht v my nn do van tit lu iu khin.

Hnh1.9 : X hi nn t ng y v trc gin bay hi. Trn hnh 1.9. Nu qu nhit cao, van tit lu s iu khin m rng hn cho lu lng mi cht lng i qua nhiu hn. u im ca phng php ny l lu lng qua dn gia mc bnh thng, tc lu lng ln ca mi cht lnh cui u v my nn khng c nguy c ng du v dn bay hi.

14

1.1.4.4.3.V hiu ha tng xilanh hoc tng cm xilanh

My nn 6 Xi lanh C cu nng van 1

-ng cp du

p lc -ng ni u v cc te Bm du

Hp u dy

Van in t 3 ng

Hnh 1.10: Nguyn l h thng thy lc iu khin van in t nng van ht gim ti v iu chnh nng sut lnh ca hng Grasso (H Lan). iu chnh nng sut lnh phng php ny c nhiu cch thc hin nh: Kha ng ht; nng van ht kiu vng MYCOM; Nng van ht kiu vng YORK; nng van ht kiu CAARIER..Trn s hnh 1.10 biu din nguyn l h thng thy lc iu khin van in t nng van ht gim ti v iu chnh nng sut lnh ca hng Grasso (H Lan) c 6 xilanh c gim ti khi ng, nhng ch 4 xilanh 3,4,5,6 l c th iu chnh nng sut lnh cn hai xilanh 1, xilanh 2 c ni tt vi ng cp du p lc ln kh my nn hot ng, p lc du xut hin, xilanh 1 v 2 t ng hot ng c ti. 1.1.4.4.4. Thay i nng sut lnh bng thay i tc vng quay - Thay i bng b chuyn c kh - Thay i bng khp ma st - Thay i bng cch thay i tc ng c truyn ng.

15

1.2.

iu ha trung tm [3]

1.2.1. H thng iu ha trung tm nc 1.2.1.1. Khi nim chung H thng s dng nc lnh 7oC lm lnh khng kh qua cc dn trao i nhit FCU v AHU iu ha trung tm nc ch yu gm: - My lm lnh nc (Water Chiller) my sn xut nc lnh t 12oC tr xung 7oC. - H thng nc lnh (h thng bm, h thng ng ng, thp gii nhit) - Cc gin trao i nhit lm lnh hoc si m khng kh bng nc nng FCU (fan Coil Unit) hoc AHU (Air Handing Unit). - H thng gi ti, gi hi, vn chuyn v phn phi khng kh. - H thng tiu m v gim m. - H thng lc bi, thanh trng v dit khun, ra khng kh. - H thng t ng iu chnh nhit , m trong phng, iu chnh gi ti, gi hi v phn phi khng kh, iu chnh nng sut lnh v iu khin cng nh bo hiu v bo v ton b h thng.
11

1
M

2 7 3

FCU
5 9

AHU

10

6 4

H thng n-cgii nhit

H thng my lm lnh n-c

H thng n-c lnh vi cc FCUv AHU

Hnh1.11. Gii thiu nguyn l h thng iu ha trung tm n gin nht.1.ng c, 2. my nn, 3. Bnh ngng, 4.Tit lu, 5. Bnh bay hi, 6.

16

Bm nc gii nhit, 7. Thp gii nhit, 8. Bm nc lnh, 9. Dn FCU, 10. Dn AHU, 11. Bnh gin n. My lm lnh nc gii nhit nc cng h thng bm thng c b ch di tng hm hoc tng trt, thp gii nhit t trn tng thng. Tri li, my lm lnh nc gii nhit gi thng c t trn tng thng. Nc lnh c lm lnh trong bnh bay hi xung 7oC ri c bm nc a n cc dn trao i nhit FCU hoc AFU y nc thu nhit ca khng kh nng trong phng, nng nn n 12oC li c bn y v bnh bay hi ti lm lnh xung 7oC, khp kn vng tun hon nc lnh. i vi h thng nc lnh kn (khng c dn phun) cn thit phi c thm bnh gin n b nc trong h thng gin n khi thay i nhit .

Hnh1.12. Phng n b tr h thng iu ha trung tm nc vi my lm lnh nc gii nhit nc v thp gii nhit (cc FCU v AHU kiu c bnh gin n) 1. My lm lnh nc gii nhit nc; 2. Bm nc gii nhit; 3. Thp gii nhit; 4. Bm nc lnh; 5 FCU; 6. Bnh gin n. H thng trung tm nc c cc u im c bn sau: - C vng tun hon an ton l nc nn khng s ng c hoc tai nn do r r mi cht lnh ra ngoi, v nc tun hon khng c hi.

17

- C th khng ch nhit m trong khng gian iu ha theo tng phng ring r, n nh v duy tr cc iu kin vi kh hu tt nht. - Thch hp cho cc ta nh nh cc khch sn, vn phng hot ng vi mi chiu cao mi kin trc, khng ph v cnh quan. - ng nc so vi ng gi nh hn nhiu do tit kim c nguyn vt liu xy dng. - C kh nng x l sch khng kh cao, p ng mi yu cu cng ngh ra c v sch v bi bn, tp cht ha cht v mi. - t phi bo dng, sa cha, tui th chiller cao. - Nng sut gn nh khng hn ch. - So vi h thng VRV, vng tun hon mi cht lnh n gin hn nhiu v rt d kim sot. Nhc im: - V dng nc lm cht ti lnh nn v mt nhit ng, tn tht exergy ln hn - Cn phi b tr h thng ly gi ti cho cc FCU. - Vn cch nhit ng ng nc lnh v c khay nc ngng kh phc tp c bit do ng m. - Lp t kh khn hn, b tr si m ma ng kh. - Kh t ng ha hn h VRV rt nhiu. - i hi cng nhn vn hnh lnh ngh, vn hnh phc tp hn. - Cn nh k sa cha bo dng my lnh v cc dn FCU. 1.2.1.2. My lm lnh nc (WC Water Chiller) 1. My lm lnh gii nhit nc. B phn quan trng nht ca h thng iu ho trung tm nc l my lm lnh nc. Cn c vo chu trnh lnh c th phn ra my lm lnh nc dng my nn c, dng my nn eject hoc my lnh hp th. My nn c c th phn ra nhiu loi my nn khc nhau nh my nn Pittng rto, trc
18

vt, kiu kn, kiu h Theo mi cht lnh phn ra my nn R22, R134a, R404a Theo cch gii nhit ngng t phn ra gii nhit nc gii nhit gi hoc nc...

Hnh 1.13. My lm lnh nc gii nhit nhit nc tit kim nc gii nhit ngi ta s dng nc tun hon vi bm v thp gii nhit nc. Vic lp nhiu my nn trong mt cm c u im: - D dng iu chnh nng sut lnh theo nhiu bc. - Trng hp hng mt my c th cho my khc hot ng trong khi tin hnh sa cha my hng. - Cc my c th khi ng tng chic trnh dng khi ng qu ln. 2. My lm lnh nc gii nhit gi My lm lnh nc gii nhit gi ch khc my lm lnh nc gii nhit nc l dn ngng lm mt bng khng kh. Do kh nng trao i nhit dn ngng km nn din tch ca dn ln v cng knh lm cho nng sut lnh ca mt dn nh. 1.2.1.3. H thng nc lnh, FCU v AHU 1. H thng ng ng nc lnh Ty theo cnh b ch h thng ng ng nc lnh m phn ra h thng hai ng, h hi ngc, h 3 ng, h 4 ng. Hnh 1.14. gii thiu s nguyn l ca h thng ng nc vi FCU.

19

H thng 2 ng l h thng c 2 ng gp mc song song cn cc FCU mc ni tip gia hai ng. Vo ma h khng cn si m ch c vng tun hon nc lnh hot ng, ni hi khng hot ng. Nc lnh c bm qua cc FCU thu nhit trong khng gian iu ha thi qua cc thp trao i nhit. Vo ma ng ch c vng tun hon nc nng hot ng nc nng c bm t cc ni hi n cp nhit cho gin FCU si phng. u cn t ra cc van iu chnh cn bng p sut, chia u nc cho cc dn. - cn bng p ngi ta ci tin h 2 ng thnh h hi ngc y b ch thm ng hi ngc nn m bo cn bng p sut t nhin hnh (b) - H 3; 4 ng ng nhm mc ch s dng lnh v si m ng thi ma giao thi cho cc khch sn sang trng t 4, 5 sao hoc cc cng trnh quan trng.
BDN BDN

FCU

Tng n

FCU

Tng 2 FCU FCU

Tng 1 FCU FCU

BNT

BNT

ML

ML

BNN

BNN

NH

NH

a)

b)

Hnh 1.14. Cc h thng ng nc v FCU Hnh a) H 2 ng; b) H hi ngc. ML - My lm lnh nc; NH - Ni un nc nng si m ma ng; FCU - Dn trao i nhit; BNL - Bm nc lnh; BNN - Bm nc nng; HN - H ng hi.
20

2. FCU ( Fan Coil Unit) Cc FCU l cc dn trao i nhit ng xon c qut, nc lnh hoc nc nng chy pha trong ng xon , khng kh i pha ngoi. tng cng trao i nhit pha khng kh, ngi ta b ch cnh tn nhit. 3. Cc bung x l khng kh AHU Ging nh FCU cng l cc dn trao i nhit nhng c nng sut lnh ln hn s dng cho cc phng n, snh hi trng, phng khch c ca ly gi ti (y l u im so vi FCU) c cc b phn lc kh, ra kh, gia nhit c th iu chnh v khng ch chnh xc nhit cng nh m tng i ca khng kh thi vo phng. AHU c qut ly tm ct p cao c th lp vi h thng ng gi ln. AHU cng c hai loi, loi kh v loi t.
Gi hi
1 2 3 9 4

13

Gi t-i

14 12

Gi ra

a) 10 8 7

Gi hi

13

Gi t-i

14 12

Gi ra

11 8

Hnh1.15. Nguyn l cu to ca AHU kiu nm ngang a) C dn lnh kiu kh; b) c dn phun kiu t 1. Phm lc; 2. Dn lm lnh; 3. Dn si; 4. Qut ly tm; 5. Dn phun nc lnh; 6. Tm chn nc; 7. ng cp nc nng; 8. ng cp nc lnh; 9. V cch nhit; 10. Mng hng; 11. B nc; 12. Bung ha chn gi ti v gi hi; 13. Van iu chnh gi hi; 14. Van iu chnh gi ti.

21

1.2.2. My iu ha VRV (Variable Refigerant Volume) L my iu ha iu ha iu chnh nng sut lnh bng my bin tn gm mt cm dn nng v nhiu cm dn lnh (16 hoc ln nht 32) ca hng Daikin, iu chnh nng sut lnh bng bin tn vi 21 bc iu chnh cng sut ng c dn nng n 48 HP. My iu ha VRV c hai loi : + My iu ha VRV gii nhit gi + My iu ha VRV gii nhit nc 1.2.2.1. My iu ha VRV gii nhit gi Do nhng h thng iu ha trung tm nc lnh vi cc h thng ng nc, gi cng knh, tn nhiu thi gian v din tch lp t, tn nhiu nguyn vt liu lm ng ng. Nu so snh vi h thng trung tm nc (TTN) lp cho nh cao tng VRV c nhng u v nhc im sau - V nng sut lnh: Vi dy cng sut dn nng t 5, 8, 10,..,54 HP v kt hp vi cc dn nng khc, VRV c kh nng thch ng cao hn vi mi nhu cu nng sut lnh t 7 n hng ngn kW trong khi cc t my lm lnh nc (WC) c s bc iu chnh nh hn nhiu. - Khng gian v thi gian lp t VRV nh hn nhiu v ng ng Gas nh so vi h thng ng nc v ng gi. Thi gian lp t VRV cng ngn hn n gin hn gn ging nh lp iu ha hai cm, khng phi i cc ng ng nc. H VRV khng cn phng my v phng AHU. - V vn hnh: H TTN cn c mt i th vn hnh, trong khi h VRV khng cn v kh nng t ng ha cao. - Tn tht do qun tnh nhit. H TTN c tn tht qun tnh nhit rt ln nu s dng cho ta nh vn phng lm vic gi hnh chnh lc ny m y dng ton b khi lng nc lnh 70C nng ln n nhit mi trng. H VRV lm lnh trc tip bng gas ln tn tht qun tnh nhit bng khng.
22

- Si m v ma ng. H VRV si m rt d dng vi loi my hai chiu bm nhit. H TTN khng c kh nng si m bng bm nhit m phi dng dn si hoc ni hi, c ch c h TTN gii nhit gi mi si m bng bm nhit. - Kh nng m rng cng sut: H VRV c kh nng m rng cng sut bt k trong h TTN khng c kh nng v s phi thay i li ton b h thng ng ng nc. - Gi thnh vn hnh: H VRV c my nn bin tn, ng c in mt chiu, van tit lu in t, trnh t ng ha cao n n tiu tn nng lng in thp hn so vi h TTN . 1.2.2.2. My iu ha VRV gii nhit nc Cu to cng nh h VRV gii nhit gi nhng ch khc gin nng gii nhit bng nc . 1.3. Kt lun ch-ng. H iu ha khng kh rt a dng v phong ph nhiu chng loi v kiu dng, hng sn xut khc nhau trn th trng. Mi mt hng c phng php iu chnh nng sut lnh khc nhau v u c nhng u, nhc im nht nh. i hi ngi thit k, lp t, iu chnh, bo dng phi nm chc cc quy trnh, quy nh ca tng hng. Khi la chn iu ha da vo cc yu cu v nng sut lnh, ch tiu k thut, tin cy, an ton, tnh thm m, tnh kinh t ca h thng. Ngoi ra cn phi ch ti ca khng kh, m, sch, ting n ng c. - My iu ha cc b cng sut nh (RAC) nng sut lnh di 7kW ( n 2RT- tn lnh M) (24.000 Btu) h thng lm lnh theo phng php trc tip ch yu dng cho cc phng con ring bit c th c 2 cm hay nhiu

23

cm dn lnh. Nhc im c bn ca h iu ha ny kh p dng cho cc phng ln, hi trng phn xng, nh hng, ta nh cao tng nh khch sn vn phng khi b tr dn nng bn ngoi gy mt m quan ph v kin trc. - H iu ha tng hp gn (PAC) nng sut lnh t (10 - 350kW) (t 3100RT) (36.000 1.200.000 Btu/h) h ny my iu ha c th c 2 hay nhiu cm, thit b bay hi lm lnh khng kh trc tip, kh nng s dng lnh cc b kh. Ring loi my iu ha VRV c nng sut lnh 770 kW v kh nng iu chnh nng sut lnh d dng qua my bin tn. - H thng iu ha trung tm nc (TTN) vi nng sut lnh l ln nht >350kW (> 100RT) i vi cc ta nh vn phng, khch sn > 1500RT lm lnh gin tip kh nng s dng nng sut lnh cc b kh v khng th chy my khi cn nng sut lnh nh v tn tht cng sut ln h ny ch yu dng cho cc kho lnh bo qun thc phm hoc hi trng khch sn ln.

24

CHNG 2 H thng iu ha trung tm ca hng YORK MARINE & CONTROLS

2.1. Hng YORK MARINE & CONTROLS vi sn phm iu ha trung tm. 2.1.1. Gii thiu v hng YORK [6] Hng iu ha YORK l cng ty hng u, c uy tn trn th trng th gii trong lnh vc iu ha, my lnh c bit l sn phm iu ha trung tm lp t trn tu thy. Hng vi 16 sn phm khc nhau xut x Thi Lan. Sn phm ca cng ty gm cc loi vi k hiu YFS30BA/YSL30BA, YFS36BA/YSL36BA nng sut lnh t 24.000 BTU/h n hng vi trm tn lnh, c nhiu kiu dng, kch thc khc nhau dng treo tng, treo trn, giu trn, t trn snC loi 1 ch lnh, 2 ch nng lnh, loi 2 cm v loi nhiu cm, gii nhit nc hoc gii nhit khng kh in p 1 pha hay 3 pha tn s 50Hz, 60Hz. Tnh nng ca sn phm: Lc khng kh, ht m, kh mi, h thng lc khng kh Plasma, thi Oxy. Sn phm ca cng ty c lp t ch yu cho nhng ni cn nng sut lnh ln nh cc siu th, khch sn, ca hng, cng s, nh hng, vn phng thi gian bo hnh 1 nm. 2.1.2. Sn phm iu ha trung tm ca hng Sn phm iu ha trung tm ca hng c uy tn, cht lng lm vic tin cy gi thnh r hn so vi cc sn phm ca cc hng khc trn th trng nh Trane, Carier, Mitsbishi vi cng nng sut lnh v tnh nng nh nhau.

25

2.2. h thng iu ha trung tm ca hng YORK MARINE & CONTROLS. 2.2.1. t vn Ph ti ca h thng lnh l lm lnh cho cc kho cha thc phm nh: Vegetable Room, Meat Room , Fish Room, Hanling Room, Dairy Room trn tu thy. H thng cn mt nng sut lnh ln lin tc trn mt din tch hn ch v khng gian, trong mi trng lm vic c nhiu s bin ng ln khc nhit v thi tit nh ma, bo Nn yu cu cn la chn mt h thng lnh hp l p ng c cc yu cu thc t ra. Nu chn h iu ha cc b cho tng phng lnh th thun li cho vic iu chnh nng sut lnh nhng nhc im khng p ng c nhu cu nng sut lnh ln, nu p ng c th cn b tr rt nhiu cm iu ha gy mt m quan kh iu khin gim st. Do h thng cn nng sut lnh ln nn ch c h thng iu ha trung tm (HTT) mi p ng c cc iu kin k thut t ra: H iu khin tp trung my nn, gin ngng t trong mt bung ring bit nn vn iu khin gim st rt thun tin. - Vn th nht 1: t ra c 2 phng php lm lnh trc tip, lm lnh gin tip nhng do yu cu i hi lm lnh su nn ch c h thng lm lnh trc tip mi p ng c. - Vn th hai 2: H thng lm mt dn ngng t c hai cch lm mt: bng nc, khng kh. Lm mt bng khng kh cn din tch ln m din tch trn tu li hn ch nn gii nhit bng khng kh khng hiu qu bng gii nhit nc. Tm li ch c h thng HTT lm lnh trc tip gii nhit nc mi p ng c yu cu ca ph ti lnh t ra.
26

2.2.2. S tng th h thng HTT [6] H thng gm 3 my nn kh, 1 bnh ngng, 1 bnh cha cao p, 1 bnh tch lng, 1 phm lc, 1 mt xem lng, 5 dn bay hi v cc thit b ch th nhit , ch th p sut, cm bim nhit , cc van , h thng ng ng. Hnh 2.1.S tng th h thng iu ha trung tm.

27

2.2.3. Gii thiu, chc nng cc phn t trong s .[6] 2.2.3.1. H thng nc lm mt v my nn. Bng 2.1.Tn, chc nng cc thit b trong h thng nc lm mt v my nn Tn trn bn Tn thit b v 01XVA001 L cc van 01XVA0011 bng tay 01PI001 01PI002 PZAL001 TI001 TI002 PDZAL001 PDZAL003 01PSV001 01PI001 01PI003 01PZAL001 01PZAL003 01PI001 01PI003 01SGL001 01VE001 Chc nng ca thit b c ng, m Thun tin cho vic sa cha, thay th. o p sut nc vo lm mt dn ngng. o p sut nc ra lm mt dn ngng. iu chnh lu lng nc lm mt. o nhit nc vo lm mt dn ngng. o nhit u ra nc lm mt dn ngng.

p k o p sut p k o p sut Cc b iu chnh p sut Ch th nhit Ch th nhit

B iu chnh p sut du bi Bo v my nn trn my nn Van an ton bnh ngng Bo v bnh ngng khi p sut cao.

p k o p sut u ht my ng, ct my nn lnh. nn B iu chnh p sut my nn p k o p sut Knh quan st mi cht lng Bnh cha cao p Bo v my nn. o p sut u y ca my nn 1,2,3. Theo di lng ca mi cht Cha mi cht lnh sau khi ra khi bnh ngng

28

01GD001 01SDR001 01COM001 01COM003 01M001 01M003 01CVA001 01CVA003 01FH004 1FH007 01FH001, 01FH002, 01FH003 M004 M 005 01M006 01M007 01M008 S001,S002

B trao i ng lng dn Trao i nhit gia mi ngng t cht v nc lm mt Phm lc v ht m mi cht Trnh hin tng tc mi lnh cht trong ng My nn pittng 1, 2, 3 ng c my nn lnh 1,2,3. Van mt chiu Cc van chn gc To ra p lc Cung cp ng nng cho my nn Khng cho mi cht lnh chy theo chiu ngc.

Van tay ng c bm nc dn ngng ng c bm nc b cha ng c qut my nn 1 ng c qut my nn 2 ng c qut my nn 3 Cm bin mc b cha

Van thay du my nn

2.2.3.2. Thit b phng Vegetable Room. Bng 2.2. Tn v chc nng cc thit b phng Vegetagle Room Tn trn bn Tn thit b v 02CV001 02XVA001, 02XVA002 Chc nng cc phn t

Van tit lu nhit cn bng iu chnh lng cp lng ngoi cho gin lanh. Van tay Thun tin cho vic sa cha, bo dng dn lnh.
29

02XVA003 02SCV001 02TI001 02TT001 02FH001 02FAN001 02HX001

Van in t B iu regulator) Nhit k Nhit k in tr Cun dy in t Qut dn bay hi H thng ng trao i nhit chnh kh (Gas

ng, m cp lng cho dn bay hi.

o v ch th nhit phng Cp tn hiu iu chnh nhit trong phng. To lc t ng, m van cp lng dn lnh. Tng kh nng trao i nhit. Trao i nhit vi mi trng cn lm lnh.

2.2.3.3. Cc thit b phng Dairy Room. Bng 2.3. Tn v chc nng thit b phng Dairy Room Tn trn bn Tn thit b v 03CV001 03XVA001, 03XVA002 03XVA003 03SCV001 03TI001 03TT001 03FH002 Chc nng cc phn t

Van tit lu nhit cn bng iu chnh lng lng vo ngoi dn lnh. Van tay Van in t B iu regulator) Nhit k Nhit k in tr Cun dy in t chnh kh (Gas o v ch th nhit phng o v cp tn hiu iu chnh nhit phng. To lc t ng van
30

Thun tin cho vic bo dng, sa cha. ng, m cp lng cho dn bay hi.

03FAN001 03HX001

Qut dn bay hi H thng ng trao i nhit

Tng kh nng trao i nhit Trao i nhit vi mi trng cn lm lnh.

2.2.3.4. Cc thit b phng Meat Room. Bng 2.4. Tn v chc nng thit b phng Dairy Room Tn trn bn Tn thit b v 04CV001 04XVA001, 04XVA002 04XVA003 04SCV001 04TI001 04TT001 04FH002 04FAN001 04HX001 04TT002 Chc nng cc phn t

Van tit lu nhit cn bng T ng iu chnh cp ngoi lng Van tay Van in t B iu regulator) Nhit k Nhit k in tr Cun ht in t Qut dn bay hi H thng ng trao i nhit Cm bin in tr chnh kh (Gas o v ch th nhit phng Cp tn hiu iu chnh nhit phng. To lc t ng van m Thun tin cho vic bo dng, sa cha. ng, m cp lng cho dn bay hi.

Tng kh nng trao i nhit. Trao i nhit vi mi trng cn lm lnh. Cp tn hiu ph bng

Tng t nh trn Phng Fish Room tn cc thit b v chc nng cng nh phng Meat Room, cn phng Handing Room tn thit b v chc nng cng nh phng Vegetable v phng Dairy.
31

2.2.4. Cc thit b iu khin, bo v dng trong h thng [2] 2.2.4.1. Aptomat (MCCB) lm nhim v iu khin, ng m my trong cc mch in v bo v cc thit b trong trng hp qu ti, ngn mch. 2.2.4.2. Rle bo v p sut bo v my nn khi p sut du v p sut ht thp, p sut u y cao ngi ta dng rle p sut du (OP), rle p sut thp (LP) v rle p sut cao (HP) khi c mt trong cc s c nu trn, cc rle p sut ngt mch in cng tc t ca my nn dng my. - Rle p sut du

Hnh 2.2: Cu to rle hiu p sut du RT55 ca hng Danfoss 1- u ni vi p sut pha h thng du bi trn (OLL); 2- u ni vi p sut ht hoc cc te my nn (LP); 3- a t in p; 4- Nt n reset; 5B phn th nghim p sut du ca my nn phi c duy tr mt gi tr cao hn p sut ht ca my nn mt khong nht nh no . Do p sut trong khoang cc te my nn lun thay i do mt p sut du khng i no khng th m bo an ton cho vic bi trn my nn, chnh v vy hiu p sut (p sut du tr p sut cc te hay p sut po) mi l i lng nh gi chnh xc ch bi trn yu cu ca my nn. Hiu p sut du cn thit do nh my ch
32

to quy nh, thng p 0,7bar. V vy khi lm vic hiu p sut qu thp, ch bi trn khng m bo. - Rle p sut cao (HP) v rle p sut thp(LP)

Hnh 2.3. Rle tng hp p sut cao v thp 1- Vt t p sut thp(LP); 2- Tay n chnh; 5- Vt t p sut cao(HP);10- u ni p sut thp; 11- u ni p sut cao; 12- Tip im. Trn hnh 2.3. L cp rle tng hp ca HP, LP chng hot ng hon ton c lp vi nhau, mi rle c mt ng ni tn hiu ring. Rle p sut cao (HP) dng bo v my nn khi p sut u y cao qu mc quy nh, n s tc ng trc khi van an ton m. Hi u y c dn vo hp xp pha di ca rle, tn hiu p sut c chuyn thnh tn hiu c kh v chuyn dch h thng tip im, qua ngt mch in khi ng my nn. Khi xy ra s c p sut tin hnh x l khc phc xong cn n nt Reset ngt mch duy tr s c mi c th khi ng li c. Tng t nh Rle p sut cao, Rle p sut thp (LP) c s dng ng m my nn, trong h thng lnh chy t ng. Khi nhit bung lnh t yu cu, van in t ngng cp dch cho dn lnh, my thc hin rt ga v bnh cha khi p sut pha ht gin xung di gi tr t, rle p sut tc ng dng my. Khi nhit phng ln cao van in t m ra dch i vo dn

33

lnh v p sut ht ln cao v vt gi tr t, rle p sut thp t ng ng mch cho ng c hot ng. 2.2.4.3. Thermostat (cm bin nhit )

Hnh 2.4. Cu trc Thermostat (cm bin nhit kiu KP ca hng Danfoss) 1- Vt iu chnh nhit ; 2- Vt iu chnh vi sai; 12- Tip im ONOFF Thermostat l mt thit b dng iu khin duy tr nhit phng lnh. Cu to gm c mt cng tc i hng n cc (12) duy tr mch in gia cc tip im 1 v 2 khi nhit bu cm bin tng ln, ngha l nhit phng tng. Khi quay vt vi sai (2) theo chiu kim ng h th gim vi sai gia nhit ng ngt thit b. 2.2.4.4. Rle bo v p sut nc (WP) v cng tc cm bin dng chy (Flow Siwtch) Nhm bo v my nn khi cc bm gii nhit dn ngng t hoc bm gii nhit my nn lm vic khng c tt (p sut tt, thiu nc) ngi ta s dng rle p sut nc v cng tc cm bin dng chy. Rle p sut nc hot ng: khi p sut nc thp, khng m bo iu kin gii nhit cho dn ngng hay my nn, rle s ngt cun dy khi ng t ca my nn dng my. Rle p sut nc ny tn hiu u y ca cc bm nc cn cng tc cm bin dng chy khi khng c nc chy qua s t ng ngt mch in cun dy khi ng t v dng my nn.

34

2.2.4.5. T ng cp lng bng van tit lu nhit Van tit lu nhit l van tit lu iu chnh t ng nh qu nhit t hi ht v my nn c hai loi van tit lu: cn bng trong v van tit lu cn bng ngoi. Hnh 2.5 Gii thiu nguyn tc cu to v hot ng van tit lu nhit cn bng trong. Van tit lu nhit gm khoang p sut qu nhit p1 c mng n hi , u cm bin 10, ni vi ng 9. Pha trong khoang c np mi cht d bay hi (thng chnh l mi cht s dng trong h thng lnh). Nhit qu nhit (cao hn nhit si to) c u cm bin 10 bin thnh tn hiu p sut lm thay i v tr mng n hi. Mng n hi c gn kim van 5 nh thanh truyn 12, nn khi mng co dn , kim van 5 tr c tip iu chnh ca thot phun cht lng vo dn. Van tit lu nhit hot ng nh sau: nu ti nhit vo dn tng hay mi cht vo dn t, qu nhit hi ht tng, p sut p1 tng, mng 2 dn ra, y kim van 5 xung di, ca thot mi cht lng m rng hn cho mi cht lng vo nhiu hn. Khi mi cht lng vo nhiu, qu nhit hi ht gim, p1 gim, mng 2 b ko ln trn khp bt ca mi cht vo t hn v nhit qu nhit tng, chu trnh iu khin lp li quanh v tr t.
9

P1 = f ( t

qn)

2 12 4 Lng vo Phm lc 5 6 7 8 P0

11

t0
Pk 10

tqn

Hi v my nn

Hnh 2.5 : Van tit lu nhit cn bng trong

35

1-Thn van; 2- Mng n hi; 3- M van; 4- van; 5- Kim van; 6- L xo nn; 7- van iu chnh qu nhit; 8- Np; 9- ng ni; 10- u cm nhit; 11- Dn bay hi. qu nhit c th iu chnh nh vt 7. Khi vt vn theo chiu kim ng h tng ng vi qu nhit tng, chiu ngc kim ng h th s gim nhng dn lnh c cng sut ln ngi ta s dng van tit lu cn bng ngoi (hnh 2.6)

P1 13

Ph 14 Pk Lng vo

11

t0

t qn

Hi v my nn

Hnh 2.6: Van tit lu nhit cn bng ngoi: 13- ng ng ni; 14- tm chn. Van tit lu cn bng ngoi c thm ng 13 ny tn hiu p sut u ht my nn, p sut di mng n hi khng con l p sut p0 m l p sut ht ph. Do tn tht p sut dn bay hi thay i theo ti nn p sut ht ph l tn hiu cp lng b sung hon thin hn ch cp lng cho dn bay hi 2.2.4.6. T ng cp lng bng van tit lu in t Nguyn tc c bn ca van tit lu in t l ly tn hiu qu nhit v c thm tn hiu p sut ht a qua b x l in t iu khin van tit lu ng m kim van ty theo mc mi cht lng cn cp cho dn bay hi.

36

MPS

T - PC

T bnh cha

S1 BH

S2

V my nn

Hnh 2.7: Gii thiu s iu chnh thit b bay hi s dng van in t MPS - B vi x l; T-PC - iu khin nhit v p sut; RTC - Van tit lu in t; S1 - u cm bin nhit hoc p sut; S2 - Dn bay hi. 2.2.4.7. Thng s k thut mt s thit b trong s [6] Vegetable room of Dairy room of Meat room of Fish room of Hangdling room of 46 m3 50C 15 m3 50C 44m3 20 m3 38m3 -200C -220C 80C Q = 2.18kW Q = 1.2 kW Q = 3.22kW Q = 2kW Q= 1.7kW

Tng nng sut lnh yu cu l 10,65kW Thit b t ng ng, ct my nn khi p sut u ht thp v p sut u y cao, Control KP 15 - Ct khi p sut u y cao 16 bar i vi mi cht lnh l ( R404A) - Ct khi p sut ht thp - 2 bar - Cng sut tiu th 17 W - Reset t ng

37

 Thit b iu chnh p sut bnh ngng l Control KP15 - Ct khi p sut cao 21 bar (nhit bnh ngng l 440C) - Ct khi p sut thp 0.9 bar - Reset c n bng tay Thit b iu chnh p sut du MP55 - Ct khi p sut du thp 0,7 bar - Reset trng thi thc hin bn tay Cm bin nhit Pt 100 kiu PTVP - Di nhit - 400C + 800C, I = 2mA Ch th p sut (Pressure gauge) loi 63M - Di o 0 6 bar ch th bng kim ch 2.2.5. Nguyn tc xy dng h thng iu khin iu khin h thng lnh theo kiu nhy bc. Kh nng iu chnh nng sut lnh: 4 bc - 100% ton b 3 my nn hot ng - 70% hai my nn lm vic - 30% mt my nn lm vic - 0% c 3 my nn u ngh Khi nhit phng lnh gim cm bin nhit tc ng dng cp lng khi p sut u ht thp th dng my nn. Khi nhit tng cm bin nhit tc ng bt u cp lng, p sut u ht tng h thng t ng khi ng li my nn lnh.

38

 c im ca h thng iu khin c im ca h thng l: nhit cc phng lnh khc nhau nn i hi vn iu khin nng sut lnh cho tng phng l rt phc tp. iu chnh nng sut lnh bng cch, khi nhit phng t gi tr t th thermostat (cm bin nhit) tc ng dng cp lng cho dn lnh khi p sut u ht gim n gi tr t my nn lnh dng, trong khi cc my nn khc vn hot ng bnh thng, khi nhit tt c cc phng lnh t thng s t th dng ton b my nn. Nu nhit phng tng ln trn mc t thermostat tc ng van in t m ra cp dch cho dn lnh p sut u ht v my nn tng ln rle p sut thp tc ng lm my nn hot ng tr li. Do vy thi gian lm vic ca cc my nn l khng ng u nhau. Mt my hu nh lm vic lin tc trong khi cc my khc lm vic gin on. - Cc phng lnh ch hot ng khi ca phng lnh c ng. - Khi p sut nc lm mt bnh ngng thp my nn lnh khng dng ngay m sau mt khong thi gian 5 giy nu p sut nc vn gim h thng lnh s dng. - Khi mt my nn b s c th t ng ngt ra, ng thi bo hiu cho ngi vn hnh bit, trong khi cc my nn khc v cc phng lnh hot bnh thng, nhng phi tin hnh khc phc s c ngay khi c th nu khng th sau mt thi gian nht nh s dng ton b h thng. X bng dn lnh. Nhit phng Meat Room, Fish Room l -200C th i hi t ra vn x tuyt cho dn lnh. Khi tuyt bm nhiu trn dn lnh s lm tng nhit tr ca dn lnh, dng khng kh i qua b tc, gim lu lng gi, trong mt s trng hp lm tc cch qut, ng c qut khng th quay v lm chy ng c. V vy phi thng xuyn x bng dn lnh. Trong mt ngy phi ti thiu phi x bng hai ln. Qu trnh x bng din ra theo ba giai on.
39

- Giai on 1: Rt dch khi dn lnh Khi nhn nt x bng bng tay hoc ch t ng h thng x hot ng ng van in t ngng cp dch cho dn lnh. My nn lnh tin hnh ht dch v bnh cha. Trong khi cc phng lnh khc hot ng bnh thng. - Giai on 2: Giai on x bng a in tr sy x bng vo hot ng, ng thi dng qut dn lnh, sau khong 5 pht th kt thc giai on x bng 2. - Giai on 3: Lm kh dn lnh Trong giai on ny th in tr sy dng hot ng cc qut dn lnh lm vc sau khong 15 pht th ton b qu trnh x bng kt thc. 2.3. vn hnh khai thc [6] 2.3.1. t vn vn hnh khai thc tt th trc ht ta phi hiu nguyn l lm vic, trnh t thao tc ca h thng t c th khai thc ht tnh nng ca sn phm em li hiu qu cao. 2.3.2. Khi ng, dng h thng 2.3.2.1. Khi ng: H thng c khi ng khi khng c bt k s c no sy ra nh p sut u y cao, p sut du trong cc te qu thp, nhit u y my nn cao, p sut nc lm mt dn ngng thp, qu ti bm nc dn ngng, bm nc b cha, mc nc b cha thp. Cn cc phng lnh khng hot ng khi ca phng m hoc s c qu ti qut dn lnh, van cp dch khng m c th n sng hoc chung ku bo ng s c. Mun cho h thng hot ng th phi khc phc s c sau nhn nt Reset th h thng mi cho php hot ng li.
40

2.3.2.2. Dng h thng Khi nhn nt Stop th h thng khng dng ngay m sau khong thi gian 5 pht mi cht c ht v bnh cha khi p sut u ht thp th dng my nn v ton b h thng ngng hot ng. 2.3.3. iu chnh v chnh nh iu chnh nng sut lnh tng phng bng cc thermostat khi t n nhit t th thermostat tc ng ngng cp lng v dng qut dn lnh sau mt thi gian p sut u ht ca my nn s 3 gim n gi tr t 1 th dng my nn 3 cn 2 my nn hot ng bnh thng. Nu nhit phng tip theo t n nhit t th van in t phng ng li v ng thi qut dn lnh cng dng lun. Khi p sut u ht gim n gi tr t 2 th my nn 2 dng hot ng. Khi tt c cc van cp dch lng dn lnh ng li th p sut ht nh nht th my nn 1 dng hot ng. u t ra vn xc nh im t p sut thp cho my nn theo (im t p sut ht thp my nn 3 > im t p sut ht thp my nn 2 > im t p sut ht thp my nn 1). Sau mt thi gian nhit phng tng ln qua nhit t thermostat tc ng m van cp dch v qut dn lnh hot ng lm p sut u ht tng my nn lnh 1 li hot ng tr li. Nu nhit phng tip theo tng ln th my nn 2 hot ng sau my nn 3 hot ng tr li. iu quan trng trong h thng l hiu chnh thit b cm bin nhit trong phng, hiu chnh p sut thp ca u ht my nn cho php ngt tng my nn ra khi h thng duy tr nhit lnh n nh. 2.3.4. Nhng s c thng gp v cch khc phc Khi hiu r v nguyn l, cu to, ca h thng, mi khi gp hin tng h hng no y, t cu to v nguyn l c th phn on c nguyn nhn gy ra h hng. Bit c nguyn nhn, kim tra li xc nh ng nguyn nhn lc mi tin hnh sa cha.
41

2.3.4.1. ng c my nn khng quay Nguyn nhn - ng c c s c v in nh: Chy tip im, tip im tip xc khng tt, khi ng t chy. - Qu ti ln (p sut pha cao v h p cao, dng ln). - in p thp - C cu c kh bn trong my nn b hng. - Cng tc OP tc ng do ht du, hay du trong cc te my nn mc thp. - Cc cng tc HP, OCR ang trong trng thi hot ng - p sut u y cao l trng hp hay gp nht. Nguyn nhn: + Thiu nc gii nhit do: Bm hng, ng ng bn, tc lc, tc vi phun, nc trong b vi. - p sut u ht thp Nguyn nhn: + Du ng trong ng, lt kh, phm lc tc, tc ng dn mi cht. Nhng trng hp trn ty vo hin tng s c m tin hnh kim tra nh: Mch iu khin, mch ng lc, my nn, mc du, bnh ngng, gii nhit my nn. Sau tin hnh khc phc s c, sa cha hoc thay th khi khc phc xong nhn reset h thng tr v trng thi bnh thng, sn sng cho a h thng hot ng tr li.

42

2.3.4.2. H hng trn ng dn ca dng mi cht - Dn ngng b r r - Nhit dn ngng qu nng qu mc bnh thng Nguyn nhn dn ngng qu bn, bi bm lm gim kh nng tn nhit ca dn. Cch khc phc v sinh dn. - Tc phm lc + Hin tng dn km lnh hoc khng c lnh Nguyn nhn do cn bn nhiu. Cch khc phc: Dng h thng lnh, dng n ga h nng phm lc sau g nh, cc bi bn trong phm ri xung cho dng ga i qua. Nu khng c phi thay phm mi. Vi phm lc, nu b tc nhiu hoc b bo ha m, nht thit thay phm mi 2.3.5. Bo dng nh k h thng. 2.3.5.1 Bo dng my nn. Vic bo dng my nn cc k quan trng m bo h thng hot ng tt, bn, hiu sut lm vic cao nht, c bit cc my nn c cng sut ln. My nn hot ng khong 6000 gi phi i tu my mt ln. Cc bc tin hnh i tu kim tra. - Kim tra kn, tnh trng hot ng cc van x ht ca my nn. - Kim tra bn trong my nn, tnh trng du bi trn, kim tra mi mn cc chi tit nh trc khuu, pittng, vng gng, thanh truyn, vng bc c t tiu chun cho php khng. - Kim tra tc ng cc thit b iu khin HP, OP, LP,WP, b phn cp du, kim tra h thng gii nhit my nn, v sinh ng c

43

- Tin hnh thay du bi trn nu cn thit hoc b xung du, tra m.. 2.3.5.2. Bo dng thit b ngng t. Tnh trng lm vic ca thit b ngng t nh hng nhiu n hiu sut lm vic ca h thng, an ton, bn thit b. Cc bc tin hnh. - V sinh b mt trao i nhit. X du tch t bn trong. X kh khng ngng. V sinh b nc, x cn, ra b, ra ng

- V sinh thp gii nhit, thay nc mi, bo dng bm di nhit v qut gii nhit 2.3.5.3. Bo dng dn bay hi - X bng dn lnh. Bo dng qut dn lnh.

- V sinh dn trao i nhit. - X du dn lnh, v sinh mng thot nc dn lnh... - Kim tra bo dng thit b o lng, iu khin. 2.4. -u nh-c im ca h thng. 2.4.1. u im H thng iu ha trung tm p ng c cc yu t k thut v kinh t t t ra : - p ng yu cu cn nng sut lnh ln ca h thng. - Tit kim c din tch lp t, nng cao tnh thm m, iu khin, gim st thun tin.

44

- Khi mt my nn b s c my c ngt ra, trong khi cc my khc hot ng bnh thng v bo s c khc phc. - t phi bo dng, sa cha so vi h thng iu ha cc b. Khng gy n trong phng, c th x l ting n rt d dng do phng

my tp trung. - Hiu qu cao cho nhng ni cn nng sut lnh ln nh: Siu th, hi trng, chung c, khch sn cao cp - Vn u t khng cao hn nhiu so vi iu ha cc b, tui th cao. 2.4.2. Nhc im - iu chnh nng sut lnh nhy bc, di iu chnh hp. Mt my nn lm vic lin tc, trong khi cc my khc lm vic gim on. - H thng lnh c mt dn ngng v mt b cha nn khi xy ra s c mt nc lm mt dn ngng, bm nc b cha, bm nc bnh ngng b s c hoc tc phm lc th ton b h thng phi ngng hot ng, tin hnh khc phc. - Khi cn nng sut lnh nh kh iu khin gy tn tht cng sut ln.

45

CHNG 3 Xy dng h thng iu khin dng plc cho h h thng iu ha trung tm.
3.1. t vn . Trong hin ti v tng lai h thng iu khin dng PLC ngy cng c s dng rng ri, bi PLC to ra mt kh nng iu khin thit b d dng v linh hot da vo vic lp trnh trn cc lnh logic c bn. Trong h thng iu khin, PLC l mt khu trung gian c nhim v x l cc thng tin u vo ri a tn hiu ra ti cc thit b chp hnh. Ngy nay hu ht cc my cng nghip c thay th cc h thng iu khin r le thng thng, s dng b bn dn bng cc b iu khin lp trnh. u im : - Gim bt qu trnh ghp ni dy v th gim c qu trnh u t. - Gim din tch lp t, t hng hc, lm vic tin cy, tc qu tr nh iu khin nhanh, kh nng chng nhiu tt nn nng cao c nng sut lao ng. - Cng sut tiu th ca PLC thp. - Chc nng iu khin thay i d dng bng thit b lp trnh m khng cn thay i phn cng nu khng cn yu cu thm bt cc thit b xut nhp. Nhc im - Cha thch hp cho qu trnh iu khin nh (mt vi u ra) v th nu dng gi thnh rt cao.

46

3.2. tng quan v plc S7 300 [4] Thit b iu khin logic kh trnh vit tt PLC, l loi thit b cho php thc hin linh hot cc thut ton iu khin s thng qua mt ngn ng lp trnh, thay cho vic phi thc hin thut ton bng mch s. Nh vy vi chng trnh iu khin trong mnh, PLC tr thnh b iu khin s nh gn, d thay i thut ton v c bit d trao i thng tin vi mi trng xung quanh (vi cc PLC khc hoc vi my tnh). Ton b chng trnh iu khin c lu trong b nh ca PLC di dng cc khi chng trnh (khi OB, FC hoc FB) v c thc hin lp theo chu trnh ca vng qut (scan). Nguyn l chung ca PLC:

Hnh 3.1. Nguyn l chung cu trc ca PLC c th thc hin c chng trnh iu khin PLC phi c tnh nng nh mt my tnh, ngha l phi c mt b vi x l, mt h iu hnh, b nh lu chng trnh iu khin, d liu v tt nhin l phi c cc cng vo/ra giao tip vi cc i tng iu khin v giao tip vi mi trng xung quanh

47

3.2.1. Cc module ca PLC S7- 300 tng tnh mm do trong ng dng thc t, PLC c thit k sao cho khng b cng ho v cu hnh. Chng c chia nh thnh cc module. S cc module c s dng nhiu hay t tu theo tng bi ton, song ti thiu bao gi cng phi c mt module chnh l module CPU. Cc module cn li l cc module truyn / nhn tn hiu vi i tng iu khin, cc module chuyn dng nh PID, iu khin ng cChng c gi chung l cc module m rng. Tt c cc module c g trn nhng thanh ray (Rack).

Hnh 3.2. Mt thit b PLC thng gm nhiu module. Chng trnh iu khin c vit trn my tnh nh phn mn Step 7, sau truyn cho PLC qua ghp ni RS485 ca module CPU. Module CPU: Module CPU l loi module c cha b vi x l, h iu hnh, b nh, cc b thi gian, b m, cng truyn thng (RS485)v c th c mt vi cng vo ra s c gi l cng vo ra onboard. C rt nhiu loi module khc nhau chng c t theo tn nh CPU312, CPU314, Nhng module cng s dng mt loi b vi x l nhng khc nhau v cng vo/ra onboard cng nh khi hm c bit c tch hp sn trong th vin ca h iu hnh phc v vic s dng cc cng vo onboard ny s c phn bit vi nhau trong tn gi bng thm cm ch ci IFM (Intergrated Funtion Module) v d CPU312IFM, CPU314IFM

48

Ngoi ra cn c cc loi module CPU vi hai cng truyn thng, trong cng truyn thng th hai c chc nng chnh l phc v vic ni mng phn tn. Cc loi module CPU c phn bit vi nhng module CPU khc bng thm cm t DP (Distributed Port) trong tn gi v d CPU315 -DP Cc module m rng: Cc module m rng chng thng c chia lm 5 loi chnh: +) Module PS (Power Supply): Module ngun nui. C 3 loi 2A, 5A, v 10A. +) Module SM (Signal Module): Module m rng cng tn hiu vo/ra, bao gm: - DI (Digital Input) Module m rng cc cng vo s, tu vo tng loi module s cc cng c th l 8, 16, hoc 32. - DO (Digital Output) Module m rng cc cng ra s. - DI/DO: Module m rng cc cng vo/ra s, s cc cng vo/ra s m rng c th l 8/8 hoc 16/16 tu vo tng loi module. - AI (Analog Input) module m rng cc cng vo tng t, v bn cht chng chnh l nhng b chuyn i tng t/s 12 bits (AD), tc l mi tn hiu c chuyn thnh mt tn hiu s c di 12 bits. S cc cng vo tng t c th l 2, 4 hoc 8 tu tng loi module. - AO (Analog Output) module m rng cc cng ra tng t, chng chnh l cc b chuyn i s tng t . - AI/AO module m rng cc cng vo/ra tng t. +) Module IM (Interface Module): Module ghp ni. y l module chuyn dng c nhim v ni tng nhm cc module m rng vi nhau thnh mt khi v c qun l chung bi mt module CPU. Thng thng cc module m rng c g lin nhau trn mt thanh gi l Rack. Trn mi rack c th g c nhiu nht 8 module m rng (khng k module CPU v module ngun nui). Mt module CPU S749

300 c th lm vic trc tip c nhiu nht vi 4 racks v cc rack ny phi c ni vi nhau bng module IM.

Hnh 3.3. Cu hnh mt thanh rack ca trm PLC S7-300 3.2.2. Cu trc b nh ca CPU S7- 300 +) Vng cha chng trnh ng dng .Vng nh chng trnh c chia thnh 3 min : (Load memory). - OB (Organiation block): Min cha chng trnh t chc. - FC (Function): Min cha chng trnh con c t chc thnh hm c bin hnh thc trao i d liu vi chng trnh gi n. - FB (Function block): Min cha chng trnh con, c t chc thnh hm v c kh nng trao i d liu vi bt c mt chng trnh no khc .Cc d liu ny phi c xy dng thnh mt khi d liu ring (gi l DB-data block). +) Vng cha tham s ca h iu hnh v chng trnh ng dng, c phn chia thnh 7 min khc nhau bao gm: (System memmory). - I (Process image input): Min b m cc d liu cng vo s.Trc khi bt u thc hin chng trnh, PLC s c gi tr logic ca tt c cc cng u vo v ct gi chng trong vng nh I. Q (Proces image output): Min b m cc d liu cng ra s. kt thc giai on thc hin chng trnh , PLC s chuyn gi tr logic ca b m Q ti cc cng ra s.Thng thng chng trnh khng trc tip gn gi tr ti tn cng ra m ch chuyn chng vo b m Q.
50

- M: Min cc bin c .Chng trnh ng dng s dng vng nh ny lu gi cc tham s cn thit v c th truy nhp nhm theo bit (M),byte (MB),t (MW) hay t kp (MD). - T: Min nh phc v b thi gian (Timer ) bao gm vic lu gi gi tr thi gian t trc (PV-Preset value), gi tr m thi gian tc thi (CV-current value) cng nh gi tr logic u ra ca b thi gian. - C: Min nh phc v b m (Counter) bao gm vic lu gi gi tr t trc (PV-Preset value), gi tr m tc thi (CV-Current value) v gi tr logic u ra ca b m. PI: Min a ch cng vo ca cc module tng t (I/O External input). Cc gi tr tng t ti cng vo ca module tng t s c module c v chuyn t ng theo cc a ch. Chng trnh ng dng c th truy cp min nh PI theo tng byte (PIB), tng t (PIW), tng t kp (PID). - PQ: Min a ch cng ra cho cc module tng t, cc gi tr theo nhng a ch ny s c module tng t chuyn ti cc cng ra tng t. Chng trnh ng dng c th truy cp min nh PQ theo tng byte (PQB), tng t (PQW), tng t kp (PQD). +) Vng cha cc khi d liu, c chia thnh hai loi: (Work memmory) - DB (Data Block): Min cha cc d liu c t chc thnh khi. Kch thc cng nh s lng khi do ngi s dng quy nh, ph hp vi tng bi ton iu khin. Chng trnh c th truy cp min ny theo tng bit (DBX), byte (DBB), t (DBW), t kp (DBD). - L (Local data block): Min d liu a phng, c cc khi chng trnh OB, FC, FB t chc v s dng cho cc bin nhp tc thi v trao i d liu ca bin hnh thc vi nhng khi chng trnh gi n. Ni dung ca mt s d liu trong min nh ny s b xo khi kt thc chng trnh tng ng trong OB, FC, FB. Min ny c th c truy
51

cp t chng trnh theo bit (L), theo byte (LB), theo t (LW), hoc theo t kp (LD). 3.2.3. Vng qut chng trnh PLC thc hin chng trnh theo chu trnh lp. Mi vng lp c gi l vng qut (scan). Mi vng qut c bt u bng giai on chuyn d liu t cc cng vo s ti vng b m o I, tip theo l giai on thc hin chng trnh. Trong tng vng qut chng trnh c thc hin t lnh u tin n lnh kt thc ca khi OB1 (Block end). Sau giai on thc hin chng trnh l giai on chuyn cc ni dung ca b m o Q ti cc cng ra s. Vng qut c kt thc bng giai on truyn thng ni b v kim li.

Hnh 3.3. Vng qut chng trnh B m I v Q khng lin quan n cng vo/ra tngt nn cc lnh truy nhp cng tng t c thc hin trc tip vi cc cng vt l ch khng qua b m. Thi gian cn thit PLC thc hin mt vng qut c gi l thi gian vng qut (scan time), thi gian vng qut khng c nh tc l khng phi vng qut no cng c thc hin trong mt khong thi gian nh nhau. C vng qut c thc hin lu, c vng qut thc hin nhanh tu thuc vo s lnh trong chng trnh c thc hin v khi d liu c truyn thng trong vng qut .

52

Gia vic gi tn hiu i tng x l, tnh ton n vic gi lnh n i tng iu khin c mt thi gian tr ng bng thi gian vng qut. Nu s dng cc khi chng trnh c bit ch ngt, PLC s u tin chng trnh ngt c thc hin cho d n ang lm bt c vic g (tr mt s CPU). Ti thi im thc hin lnh vo/ra, thng thng lnh khng lm vic trc tip vi cng vo/ra m ch thng qua b m o ca cng trong vng nh tham s. Vic truyn thng gia b m o vi ngoi vi trong cc giai on 1 v 3 do h iu hnh CPU qun l. mt s module CPU, khi gp lnh vo ra ngay lp tc, h thng s cho dng mi cng vic khc, ngay c chng trnh x l ngt, thc hin trc tip vi cng vo/ra. 3.2.4. Cu trc chng trnh Chng trnh cho S7-300 c lu trong b nh ca PLC vng dnh ring cho chng trnh v c th c lp hai dng khc nhau: +) Lp trnh tuyn tnh: Ton b chng trnh iu khin nm trong mt khi trong b nh, khi c chn l khi OB, l khi m PLC lun qut v thc hin cc lnh trong n thng xuyn, t lnh u tin n lnh cui cng v quay tr li lnh u tin.

Hnh 3.4. Lp trnh tuyn tnh +) Lp trnh c cu trc:

53

Chng trnh c chia thnh nhng phn nh vi tng nhim v ring v cc phn ny nm trong nhng khi chng trnh khc nhau. PLCS7-300 c 4 loi khi c bn: - Loi khi OB (Organization block): Khi t chc v qun l chng trnh iu khin. C nhiu loi khi OB mi khi c nhng chc nng khc nhau. Chng c phn bit bng cc s nguyn i sau, v d OB1, OB35, OB40 - Loi khi FC (Program block): Khi chng trnh vi nhng chc nng ring ging nh mt chng trnh con hoc mt hm. Mt chng trnh ng dng c th c nhiu khi FC cc khi ny c phn bit vi nhau bng s nguyn sau n v d FC1, FC2 - Loi khi FB (Funtion block): L loi khi FC c bit c kh nng trao i mt lng d liu ln vi cc khi chng trnh khc. Cc d liu ny phi c t chc thnh khi d liu ring c tn l Data block. Mt chng trnh ng dng c th c nhiu khi FB, mi khi ny c phn bit bng s nguyn ng sau n FB1, FB2 - Loi khi DB (Data block): Khi cha cc d liu cn thit thc hin chng trnh. Cc tham s ca khi do ngi dng t t. Mt chng trnh ng dng c th c nhiu khi DB. Chng c phn bit bng s nguyn ng sau DB1, DB2 - UDT (User Define Data Type): L mt kiu d liu c bit do ngi s dng t nh ngha. Chng trnh trong cc khi c lin kt vi nhau bng lnh gi khi, chuyn khi. Xem cc phn trong cc khi nh nhng chng trnh con th S7-300 cho php gi chng trnh con lng nhau, tc l chng trnh con ny gi mt chng trnh con khc v t mt chng trnh con c gi li gi ti mt chng trnh con th 3. S cc lnh gi lng nhau tu thuc vo tng

54

chng loi module CPU m ta s dng. Nu s ln gi lng nhau vt qu gii hn cho php PLC s t chuyn sang ch STOP v t c bo li.

Hnh 3.5. Lp trnh c cu trc 3.2.5. Ngn ng lp trnh cho PLCS7- 300 PLCS7-300 c 3 ngn ng lp trnh c bn l: - Ngn ng lit k lnh, k hiu l STL (Statement list). y l dng ngn ng lp trnh thng thng ca my tnh. Mt chng trnh c ghp bi nhiu cu lnh theo mt thut ton nht nh, mi lnh chim mt hng v u c cu trc chung tn lnh+ ton hng. - Ngn ng hnh thang k hiu LAD (Ladder logic) y l dng ngn ng ho thch hp vi nhng ngi quen thit k mch iu khin logic. - Ngn ng hnh khi k hiu l FBD (Function block diagram). y cng l kiu ngn ng ho thch hp vi nhng ngi quen thit k mch iu khin s. Trong ngn ng ny s dng cc khi logic c bn lp trnh chng hn nh: AND, OR, NOT, XORVic lp trnh chnh l vic kt ni cc khi ny theo mt thut ton no .

55

Hnh 3.6. Ba kiu ngn ng lp trnh cho S7- 300 3.3. xy dng h thng iu khin, gim st. 3.3.1. Chc nng ca h thng iu khin h thng iu ha trung tm vi 3 my nn, iu chnh, gim st nng sut lnh cho tng phng. M hnh h thng

H thng iu ha Trung tm

IN

OUT

PLCS7 -300 MT

TT

MT

Hnh 3.7. M hnh h thng iu khin, gim st Hot ng ca h thng c m t nh sau: Tn hiu u vo PLC c ly t thit b hin trng l cc my nn lnh, cc phng lm lnh, nc lm mt bnh ngng t, bm nc gii nhit my nn: bao gm tn hiu ca cc cm bin p sut u y cao, u ht thp, cm bin p sut du thp, nhit nc lm mt, tn hiu cc cng tc ng, m khi ng v dng my, cc tn hiu ny phi c a qua cc b chun ha chun in p ph hp vi chun u vo ca PLC l 24 V.

56

Tn hiu u ra ca PLC a n iu khin cc qu trnh khi ng, dng my nn lnh, bm nc lm mt dn ngng, my nn, cc qut dn lnh, ng m van cp lng dn bay hi hay a ra cc tn hiu hin th trng thi hot ng, dng, v cc tn hiu cnh bo s c. Phn giao tip gia PLC v my tnh gim st (MT) gip ta theo di hot ng ca h thng lnh mt cch trc tip trn mn hnh gim st, phn mn ng dng m phng h thng c dng l Win CC. 3.3.2. Thut iu khin, gim st h thng. 3.3.2.1. S thut iu khin tng qut h thng iu ha trung tm.

57

3.3.2. Thut iu khin, gim st h thng. 3.3.2.1. S thut iu khin tng qut h thng iu ha trung tm.
Bt u

C lnh khi ng HT ch-a ?

C lnh khi ng MN ch-a ?

ng c my nn chy C bm nuc bnh ng-ng hot ng

C Qut lm mt my nn hot ng

C bm nuc b ch-a hot ng

khi ng phng lnh chua ?

Van cp lng, qut dn lnh hot ng

C lnh dng khng ?

5 pht ch-a ? Dng h thng

Kt thc

58

3.3.2.2. S thut ton a cc my nn vo hot ng tun t.

Khi h thng bo sn sng hot ng

C lnh khi ng MN1 ch-a ?

ng c MN 1 chy C qut lm mt hot ng ng c MN 2 chy C qut lm mt hot ng ng c MN 3 chy C qut lm mt hot ng Su c Su c Su c

Dng

Dng

Dng

C lnh dng khng ?

5 pht ch-a ?

Dng my nn

Kt thc

59

3.3.2.3. S thut ton iu khin my nn 2, my 3 khi my nn 1 b s c .

Bt u

C lnh khi ng MN2 ch-a ?

ng c MN 2 chy C qut lm mt hot ng ng c MN 3 chy C qut lm mt hot ng Su c Dng Su c

Dng

C lnh dng khng ?

5 pht ch-a ?

Dng my nn v qut lm mt

Kt thc

60

3.3.2.4. S thut ton iu khin nhit phng lnh

Bt u

C lnh khi ng phng cn lm lnh ?

Cp lng Qut chy

t nhit dt ch-a ?

Dng cp lng, dng qut

Nhit phng tng qu gi tr t ?

Cp lng, qut hot ng tr li

t nhit dt ch-a ?

Dng

Kt thc

61

3.3.2.5. S thut ton ph bng phng 3 hoc phng 4

Khi h thng bo sn sng hot ng

C lnh khi ng XB ch-a ?

Cm bin x tc ng ch-a ?

Dng cp lng

5 pht ch-a ?

Dng qut dn lnh

in tr X bng hot ng

5 pht ch-a ?

Qut hot ng tr li

15 pht ch-a ?

C lnh dng chua ?

Kt thc x bng

Kt thc

62

 My nn dng s c trong cc trng hp sau: - p sut u y my nn cao - Qu ti ng c lai my nn - Qu ti ng c qut lm mt - p sut du bi trn thp - Nhit u y my nn cao 3.3.3. Cc i lng v thng s cn gim st, cnh bo. - Bo trng thi hot ng ca my nn - Bo trng thi s c ca my nn - Qu ti ng c lai my nn - p sut u y cao - p sut du bi trn thp - p sut u ht thp - p sut, nhit nc vo lm mt bnh ngng - p sut, nhit nc ra lm mt bnh ngng - Bo bm nc bnh ngng, bm b cha b s c - Bo mc nc cao, thp trong b cha - Bo trng thi hot ng ca bung lnh - Cnh bo trng thi ph bng phng lnh - Ch th nhit bung lnh - Bo trng thi s c qut cc dn lnh

63

3.3.4. Thng k cc bin u vo, ra ca PLC 3.3.4.1. Cc bin u vo (DI). Bng 3.1. Cc bin u vo PLC STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Tn a ch I 0.0 I 0.1 I 0.2 I 0.3 I 0.4 I 0.5 I 0.6 I 0.7 I 1.0 I 1.1 I 1.2 I 1.3 I 1.4 Chc nng Khi ng h thng nt n (ON) Dng h thng nt n ( OFF) Start my nn 1 nt n Start my nn 2 nt n Start my nn 3 nt n Start phng lnh 1 Start phng lnh 2 Start phng lnh 3 Start phng lnh 4 Start phng lnh 5 Start ph bng phng 3 Start ph bng phng 4 Cm bin mc nc b cha thp

64

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

I 1.5 I 1.6 I 1.7 I 2.0 I 2.1 I 2.2 I 2.3 I 2.4 I 2.5 I 2.6 I 2.7 I 3.0 I 3.1 I 3.2 I 3.3 I 3.4

Cm bin mc nc b cha cao p sut du thp my nn 1 p sut du thp my nn 2 p sut du thp my nn 3 p sut u ht thp my nn 1 p sut u y cao my nn 1 p sut u ht thp my nn 2 p sut u y cao my nn 2 p sut u ht thp my nn 3 p sut u y cao my nn 3 p sut nc bnh ngng thp Cm bin nhit phng 1 Cm bin nhit phng 2 Cm bin nhit phng 3 Cm bin nhit phng 4 Cm bin nhit phng 5

65

30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

I 3.5 I 3.6 I 3.7 I4.0 I4.1 I4.2 I4.3 I4.4 I4.5 I4.6 I4.7 I5.0 I5.1 I5.2 I5.3 I5.4

Cm bin ph bng phng 3 Cm bin ph bng phng 4 Reset R le nhit ng c lai my nn 1 R le nhit ng c lai my nn 2 R le nhit ng c lai my nn 3 R le nhit qut lm mt my nn 1 R le nhit qut lm mt my nn 2 R le nhit qut lm mt my nn 3 Cm bin nhit u y cao my nn 1 Cm bin nhit u y cao my nn 2 Cm bin nhit u u cao my nn 3 R le nhit qut phng lnh 1 R le nhit qut phng lnh 2 R le nhit qut phng lnh 3 R le nhit qut phng lnh 4

66

46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55

I5.5 I5.6 I5.7 I6.0 I6.1 I6.2 I6.3 I6.4 I6.5 I6.6

R le nhit qut phng lnh 5 R le nhit bm nc bnh ngng R le nhit bm nc b cha Stop phng lnh 1 Stop phng lnh 2 Stop phng lnh 3 Stop phng lnh 4 Stop phng lnh 5 Stop ph bng phng lnh 3 Stop ph bng phng lnh 4

3.3.4.2. Cc bin u ra (DO). Bng 3.2. Cc bin u ra PLC STT 1 2 3 4 5 Tn a ch Q 0.0 Q 0.1 Q 0.2 Q 0.3 Q 0.4 Chc nng n bo trng thi hot ng ca h thng n bo trng thi dng ca h thng Cun ht my nn 1 Cun ht my nn 2 Cun ht my nn 3 Ghi ch D1 D2 2K1 2K2 2K3

67

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Q 0.5 Q 0.6 Q 0.7 Q 1.0 Q 1.1 Q 1.2 Q 1.3 Q 1.4 Q 1.5 Q 1.6 Q 1.7 Q 2.0 Q 2.1 Q 2.2 Q 2.3 Q 2.4 Q 2.5 Q 2.6 Q 2.7 Q 3.0 Q 3.1 Q 3.2

Cun ht bm nc bnh ngng Cun ht bm nc b cha Van in t cp lng phng 1 Van in t cp lng phng 2 Van in t cp lng phng 3 Van in t cp lng phng 4 Van in t cp lng phng 5 Cun ht qut dn lnh 1 Cun ht qut dn lnh 2 Cun ht qut dn lnh 3 Cun ht qut dn lnh 4 Cun ht qut dn lnh 5 Cun ht in tr ph bng phng 3 Bo trng thi ph bng phng 3 Cun ht in tr ph bng phng 4 Bo trng thi ph bng phng 4 Bo trng thi hot ng phng 1 Bo trng thi hot ng phng 2 Bo trng thi hot ng phng 3 Bo trng thi hot ng phng 4 Bo trng thi hot ng phng 5 Bo p sut ht thp my nn 1

5K1 5K2 02FH002 03FH003 04FH004 05FH005 06FH006 3K1 3K2 3K3 3K4 3K5 4K 1 D3 4K2 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10

68

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49

Q 3.3 Q 3.4 Q 3.5 Q 3.6 Q 3.7 Q4.0 Q4.1 Q4.2 Q4.3 Q4.4 Q4.5 Q4.6 Q4.7 Q5.0 Q5.1 Q5.2 Q5.3 Q5.4 Q5.5 Q5.6 Q5.7 Q6.0

Bo p sut ht thp my nn 2 Bo p sut ht thp my nn 3 Bo p sut nc thp bnh ngng thp Bo s c my nn 1 Bo s c my nn 2 Bo s c my nn 3 Bo qu ti qut dn lnh phng 1 Bo qu ti qut dn lnh phng 2 Bo qu ti qut dn lnh phng 3 Bo qu ti qut dn lnh phng 4 Bo qu ti qut dn lnh phng 5 Cun ht qut lm my nn 1 Cun ht qut lm mt my nn 2 Cun ht qut lm mt my nn 3 Bo mc du thp my nn 1 Bo mc du thp my nn 2 Bo mc du thp my nn 3 Bo nhit u y my nn 1cao Bo nhit u y my nn 2cao Bo nhit u y my nn 3cao Bo qu ti bm nc bnh ngng Bo qu ti bm nc b cha

D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 5K3 5K4 5K5 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29

69

50 51 52 53 54

Q6.1 Q6.2 Q6.3 Q6.4 Q6.5

Bo mc nc b cha thp Ci bo s c Bo s c qut lm mt my nn 1 Bo s c qut lm mt my nn 2 Bo s c qut lm mt my nn 3

D30

D31 D32 D33

3.3.4.3. Mch tng th ghp ni u vo, u ra PLC.

70

3.3.4.4. Mch ghp ni u vo PLC

24 VDC

I 0.0

I 0.1

I 0.2

I 0.3

I 0.4

I 0.5

I 0.6

I 0.7

I 1.0

I 1.1

I 1.2

I 1.3

I 1.4

PLC

Start HT

Stop HT

Start MN1

Start Start Start Start Start Start MN 2 MN 3 phng phng phng phng 1 2 3 4

Start Start Start phng XBP 3 XBP 4 5

Cm bin muc nuc b cha thp

NV: Phm vn Chu

u vo s PLC
1/5

24 VDC

01PDZAL001

01PZAL001

01PZAL002

01PZAL003

P P

P P I 2.1 I 2.2 I 2.3 I 2.4

P P I 2.5 I 2.6

I 1.5

I 1.6

I 1.7

I 2.0

I 2.7

I 3.0

PLC

Cm bin muc nuc b cha thp

p sut du thp MN 1

p sut A / S A/S A/S thp cao du du thp thp MN 1 MN 1 MN 2 MN 3

A/S A/S thp cao MN 2 MN 2

A/S A/S cao thp MN 3 MN 3

Cm bin nhit phng 1

Cm bin nhit phng 2

NV: Phm vn Chu

u vo s PLC
2/5

71

24 VDC

I 3..2

I 3.3

I 3.4

I 3.5

I 3.6

I 3.7

I 4.0

I 4.1

I 4.2

PLC

Cm bin nhit phng 3

Cm bin nhit phng 4

Cm bin nhit phng 5

Cm bin nhit ph bng P3

Cm bin nhit ph bng P4

Reset

R le nhit ng c lai MN 1

R le nhit ng c lai MN 2

R le nhit ng c lai MN 3

NV: Phm vn Chu

u vo s PLC
3/5

24 VDC

I 4.3

I 4.4

I 4.5

I 4.6

I 4.7

I 5.0

I 5.1

I 5.2

I 5.3

I 5.4

I 5.5

PLC

R le nhit C qut lm mt MN 1

R le nhit C qut lm mt MN 2

R le nhit C qut lm mt MN 5

Cm bin nhit u y MN 1

CB nhit uy MN 2

CB R le nhit nhit u y qut MN 3 dn lnh P1

R le nhit qut dn lnh P2

R le nhit qut dn lnh P3

R le nhit qut dn lnh P4

R le nhit qut dn lnh P5

NV: Phm vn Chu

u vo s PLC
4/5

72

24 VDC

I 5.6

I 5.7

I 6.0

I 6.1

I 6.2

I 6.3

I 6.4

I 6.5

I 6.6

PLC

R le nhit bm nuc bnh ngung

R le nhit bm nuc b cha

Stop phng lnh 1

Stop phng lnh 2

Stop phng lnh 3

Stop phng lnh 4

Stop phng lnh 5

Stop x bng phng lnh 3

Stop x bng phng lnh 4

NV: Phm vn Chu

u vo s PLC
5/5

3.3.4.5. Mch ghp ni u ra PLC

PLC

Q 0.0

Q 0.1

Q 0.2

Q 0.3

Q 0.4

Q 0.5

Q 0.6

Q 0.7

Q 1.0

Q 1.1

Q 1.2

Q 1.3

Q 1.4

Q 1.5

Q 1.6

D1

D2

A1

A1

A1

A1

A1

A1

A1

A1

2K1
A2

2K2
A2

2K3
A2

5K1
A2

5K2
A2 2 2 2 2 2

3K1
A2

3K2
A2

3K3
A2

02FH 002 03FH 003 04FH 004

05FH 005

06FH 006

NV: Phm vn Chu

OUTPUT PLC

1/ 4

73

PLC

Q 1.7

Q 2.0

Q 2.1

Q 2.2

Q 2.3

Q 2.4

Q 2.5

Q 2.6

Q 2.7

Q 3.0

Q 3.1

Q 3.2

Q 3.3

Q 3.4

Q 3.5

A1

A1

A1

D3

A1

D4

D5

D6

D7

D8

D9

D 10

D 11

D 12

D 13

3 K4
A2

3 K5
A2

4K1
A2

4K2
A2

NV: Phm vn Chu

OUTPUT PLC

2/ 4

PLC

Q 3.6

Q 3.7

Q 4.0

Q 4.1

Q 4.2

Q 4.3

Q 4.4

Q 4.5

Q 4.6

Q 4.7

Q 5.0

Q 5.1

Q 5.2

D 14

D 15

D 16

D 17

D 18

D 19

D 20

D 21

A1

A1

A1

D 22

D 23

5 K3
A2

5 K4
A2

5 K5
A2

NV: Phm vn Chu

OUTPUT PLC

3/ 4

74

PLC

Q 5.3

Q 5.4

Q 5.5

Q 5.6

Q 5.7

Q 6.0

Q 6.1

Q 6.2

Q 6.3

Q 6.4

Q 6.5

D 24

D 25

D 26

D 27

D 28

D 29

D 30

D 31

D 32

D 33

Ci

NV: Phm vn Chu

OUTPUT PLC

4/ 4

3.3.4.6. S cp ngun v mch ng lc.

75

3.3.5. Xy dng cu hnh phn cng PLC p ng cho yu cu nng cp h thng cng nh m bo cho h thng hot ng theo ng yu cu ra, ta s la chn cu hnh phn cng sao cho m bo cc u vo/u ra, cc yu cu giao tip vi my tnh bng cc giao thc cng nghip, sao cho t c mc ch ti u trong x l v tit kim c chi ph nhiu nht. Theo s u vo/u ra v yu cu x l cng vic ta s chn PLC c cu hnh nh sau: Cu hnh phn cng cho PLCS7-300: Mt module ngun nui 2A. Mt module CPU314. Mt module DI 32 bits. Mt module DO 32 bits. Mt module DI 16 / DO 16 bits Mt module DI 18 / DO 8 bits Dng Step7 xy dng cu hnh phn cng cho PLC: Project ta xy dng s c tn "Trm PLC iu khin h thng iu ha trung tm". Khai bo cu hnh phn cng cho PLCS7 -300 bng cch vo "Insert Station Simatic 300 Station":

Sau khi khai bo mt trm (chn mt station) ta c tn trm SIMATIC300(1).

76

Th mc SIMATIC300(1) cha tp thng tin v cu hnh cng ca trm.

Nhy chut vo biu tng Hardware ta s khai bo cu hnh phn cng ca trm trong bao gm: - Khai bo cc thanh ray (Rack). - Cc module ngun nui. - Module CPU. - Cc module m rng trn rack.. Cc giao thc truyn thng cng c la chn.

Hnh trn m t vic chn cu hnh phn cng cho mt trm PLC vi bng cu hnh phn cng, trn phn mm Step7 cng xc nh lun cho ta a ch tng module theo mt quy tc nh a ch ng yu cu.
77

3.3.6.Chy chng trnh m phng Sau khi son tho chng trnh mch iu khin xong, tin hnh m phng xem chng trnh chy ng yu cu hay khng?. Tr li giao din SIMATIC Manager, nhp vo biu tng Simulation on/of trn thanh cng c m phng.

Hp thoi S7- PLCSIM- SimView1 xut hin, ln lt nhn vo cc biu tng trn thanh cng c hin th bn quan st ng vo, ng ra, bin trung gian v time. Sau nhp s th t bt cho bng hin th ny hnh di:

Trc khi m phng phi xa chng trnh c trong b nh trn m phng bng cch: Chn nt MRES trong bng CPU.

Bng thng bo MRES xut hin, hi bn c mun xa chng trnh c hay khng, nhp vo Yes
78

Sau khi xa xong b nh, tr li giao din son tho. Nhp vo biu tng Download trn thanh cng c ti chng trnh mi. quan st m phng chn biu tng Monitor (on /of )

Khi mn hnh xut hin mu xanh, v c tn hiu thng bo chy m phng chng trnh. Trn bng iu khin CPU chn Run chy m phng.

thc hin m phng ta tin hnh cc bc sau: M cc bin ng vo, ra, time Nhn I0.0 cun dy trung r le trung gian M0.0 c in Q0.0 =1 bo trng thi sn sng hot ng, nhn I0.2 khi ng tun t cc my nn: Khi ng my nn 1 Q0.2 = 1, my nn 2 hot ng Q0.3 = 1, my nn 3 Q0.4 = 1 v ng thi cc ng c qut lm mt cho my nn cng hot ng Q4.6 = 1, Q4.7 = 1, Q5.0 = 1, ng c bm nc bnh ngng Q0.5 = 1, bm nc b cha Q0.6 = 1 hot ng. Khi nhn Start cc phng lnh I0.5 I 1.1 = 1 th Q2.5 Q2.1 = 1 bo trng thi hot ng ca phng lnh nu phng no cha t n nhit t th m van cp lng v qut dn lnh hot ng. Khi nhit phng no t nhit t th dng cp lng v qut, sau mt thi gian p sut ht my nn thp th s dng hot ng my nn. Khi nhit phng tng ln qua gi tr th cm bin

79

nhit tc ng m van in t cp lng ng thi qut hot ng tr li sau p sut ht tng ln my nn t a vo hot ng

3.3.7. Ph lc chng trnh iu khin cho trm PLC iu khin h thng iu ha trung tm. 3.4. xy dng mn hnh giao din bng WinCC.[5] 3.4.1. t vn Vi s pht trin mnh khoa hc v k thut, nc ta v ang xy dng ngy cng nhiu cc nh my a dng v cng ngh. Ngnh t ng ho cng khng ngng pht trin p ng nhu cu sn xut. ng dng cng ngh t ng ho vo sn xut l xu hng tt yu ca Vit Nam trong qu trnh hi nhp quc t. Ngy nay chng trnh iu khin gim st bng phn mn dn thay th cc phng php iu khin bng tay. iu ny c ngha rt ln quyt nh s pht trin kinh t, nng cao cht lng sn phm, tng nng sut, gim gi thnh, nng cao hiu qu kinh t. WinCC l mt trong nhng chng trnh ng dng Scada (HMI) giao din ngi v my c dng ph bin nht ti
80

Vit Nam v cc quc gia khc trn th gii, trong lnh vc dn dng cng nh cng nghip. 3.4.2. Tng quan v WinCC WinCC Vit tt ca Windows Cotrol Center, l phn mn ca hng Simens dng iu khin gim st v thu thp d liu trong qu trnh sn xut. Theo ngha hp, WinCC l chng trnh h tr cho ngi lp trnh thit k cc giao din ngi v my trong h thng SCADA, vi chc nng chnh thu nhp s liu, gim st v iu khin qu trnh sn xut. WinCC cung cp cc module chc nng thng dng trong cng nghip nh: Hin th hnh nh, to thng ip, lu tr v bo co. Giao din iu khin mnh vic truy cp nh nhanh chng v chc nng lu d an ton cao. Vi WinCC ngi dng c th trao i d liu trc tip vi nhiu PLC ca cc hng khc nhau nh : Misubishi, Simens thng qua cng COM vi chun RS- 232 ca my tnh vi chun RS 485 ca PLC. WinCC chy trn nn h iu hnh Windows v WindowXP. C hai h ny u c kh nng thc hin a nhim v, m bo phn ng nhanh vi vic x l ngt v an ton chng mt d liu bn trong mc cao.

81

3.4.3. Panel iu khin, gim st h thng iu ho trung tm.

1000

A D7 D8

P1

P2

P3

D 14 D 19
START P 3

D 15 D 23 D 11

D 16 D 24 D 12

D 20
START P 4

D3 XB3

D4 XB4 D 22 D 10

STOP P 3

STOP P 4

SB3

SB4 D 26 D 31 D 27 D 32 D 28 D 33 M3

D 13

D 28

D 29 M1 M2

1000

D 30

D5

D6

D9

E1

D 17

D 18

D 21

START P 1

START P 2

START P 5

D1

D2

ON

OFF

RESET

STOP P 1

STOP P 2

STOP P 5

H1

Q1

Hnh 3.14. Panel iu khin gin st h thng iu ha trung tm Gii thch cc k hiu: - Q 1: cng tc cp ngun ng lc; H1: n bo c ngun iu khin. - ON: khi ng h thng , D1: bo trng thi sn sng hot ng. - OFF: dng h thng , D2: bo trng thi dng.
82

- RESET: khi b s c no khi sa cha xong nhn reset th h thng mi hot ng li cn khng nhn vn bo s c. - P1, P2, P3: l cc ng h ch th dng my nn lnh 1, 2, 3. - M1, M2, M3 : nt nhn khi ng my nn 1, 2, 3 . - D13: bo p sut nc bnh ngng thp, D28: bo bm nc binh ngng b s c, D29: bo bm nc b cha b s c, D30: Bo mc nc b cha thp. - E1 : mn hnh iu khin, gim st h thng. My nn 1 - D14: n bo s c my nn 1, D22: bo mc du thp, D10: bo p sut ht thp, D26: bo nhit u y my nn cao, D31: bo ng c qut lm mt my nn b s c. My nn 2 - D15: n bo s c my nn 2, D23: bo mc du thp, D11: bo p sut ht thp, D27: bo nhit u y my nn cao, D32: bo ng c qut lm mt my nn b s c. My nn 3 - D16: n bo s c my nn 3, D24: bo mc du thp, D12: bo p sut ht thp, D28: bo nhit u y my nn cao, D33: bo ng c qut lm mt my nn b s c. Phng lnh 1 ( Vegetable Room ) - START P1 , STOP P1, D5 : n bo trng thi hot ng, D17 : bo s c qut dn lnh, TI 1: ch th nhit phng lnh 1. Phng lnh 2 ( Dairy Room )

83

- START P2, STOP P2, D6 : n bo trng thi hot ng, D18 : bo s c qut dn lnh, TI 2: ch th nhit phng lnh 2. Phng lnh 3 ( Meat Room) - STAR P3, STOP P3, D7 : n bo trng thi hot ng, D19 : bo s c qut dn lnh, TI 3: ch th nhit phng lnh 3, XB 3: Start, SP3: Stop x bng bng tay, D3: bo trng thi x bng. Phng lnh 4 ( Fish Room) - START P4, STOP P4, D8 : n bo trng thi hot ng, D20 : bo s c qut dn lnh, TI 4: ch th nhit phng lnh 4, XB 4: Start, SP4: Stop x bng bng tay, D4: bo trng thi x bng. Phng lnh 5 ( Handling Room ) - START P5, STOP P5, D9 : n bo trng thi hot ng, D21 : bo s c qut dn lnh, TI 5: ch th nhit phng lnh 5. 3.4.4. Thit k chng trnh vi WinCC [5] 3.4.4.1. To mt Project mi Khi kch chut vo biu tng SIMATIC WinCC s xut hin hp thoi WinCC Exploror to d n mi xut hin. Trong khung Create a New Project, chn Single User Project to d n mi, nhp OK chp nhn.

84

Hp thoi Create a new project xut hin, nhp tn d n DIEU KHIEN,GIAM SAT DIEU HOATRUNG TAM vo khung Project Name. Nhp vo tam gic ngc trong khung Drive chn ng dn l D sau nhn Create chp nhn xong vic to mt d n.

Ca s tri giao din WinCC xut hin d n mi c tn DIEUKHIEN, GIAM SAT DIEU HOA TRUNG TAM. Nhp vo mc tag Management, chn Add New Driver.

Hp thoi Add New Driver xut hin, chn Drives kt ni SIMATIC S7 Protocol Suite.chn, nhp Open.

85

Bn di mc Tag Management, mng SIMATIC S7 Protocol Suite c thit lp vi cng kt ni ca my tnh MPI. Sau nhp phi vo cng MPI, chn New Driver Connection to kt ni mi. Hp thoi Connection Properties xut hin, trong khung Name t tn S7 300.

Chn Properties thit lp thng s kt ni.

Hp thoi Conection Parameter xut hin, nhp gi tr 3 vo Slot Number. Nhp OK chp nhn. Tr li hp thoi Connection Properties, nhp OK kt thc kt ni.

86

to Tag cho chng trnh, nhp vo S7- 300. Bng danh sch

xut hin chn New Tag.

Hp thoi Tag properties xut hin, t tn ON vo Name nhn nt Select khai bo a ch cho Tag.

Hp thoi Address Properties xut hin, trong khung Data chn kiu d liu Input v khai bo a ch I0.0 nh hnh, nhp OK chp nhn. Tr li hp thoi
87

Tag properties, nhp OK chp nhn khai bo tag ON.

Ngoi ra, khai bo Tag cho cc nt nhn l OFF (I0.1), M1 (I0.2), M2,(0.3) M3(0.4), Start, Stop cc phng lnh tng t nh nt ON. Cc Tag cho ng c my nn, qut lm mt my nn, van in t cp lng, qut dn lnh, bm nc bnh ngng, bnh cha tng t nh khai bo nt ON ch khc thay Data Input bng Output v ghi a ch bits Q cho thch hp. Sau khi khi to tt c Tag ta c kt qu nh hnh bn di.

88

3.4.4.2. Tin hnh v, to thuc tnh i tng trong Graphic Tin hnh v cc biu tng ging nh yu cu cn thit k, bao gm: Hnh v s cng ngh Cc nt bm iu khin Cc n cnh bo Vic thit k ha nh vo th vin hnh nh c sn nm mc Library ly cc hnh khi ph hp gp vo bn Graphics. Nu khng c cc i tng ging vi thit k th s dng cc cng c v trn bng Object Palette. Phi mu hnh v, chn mu nn, chn mu cc i tng vo th vin mu. Sau v cc trang hin th theo s cng ngh. To Graphics mi nhp phi chut vo Graphics Designer chn New picture trn giao din WinCC file nh New Pdl0.Pdl xut hin khung bn phi, nhp phi chn Rename i tn v c hai Graphics nh trn hnh v

89

Sau v cc trang hin th theo s cng ngh.

Hnh 3.15. Bng iu khin, gim st hot ng h thng trn WinCC.

90

Hnh 3.16. Bng hin th trng thi s c ca h thng. To thuc tnh cho cc nt nhn ON, OFF cc nt Start , Stop cc phng lnh. u tin kch phi chut vo nt cn to thuc tnh chn Properties ca s Object Properties xut hin nhp p vo Layer v nhp gi tr l 1 sau nhp OK chng trnh khai bo vo trong b nh.

91

Sau nhp Tab Events, chn Mouse nhp phi vo biu tng cui Mouse Action, chn C Action.

Hp thoi Edit Action nhp chn ng dn Internal function > Tag > set , nhp p vo SetTagBit.

Hp thoi Assigning Parameters xut hin, chn Tag name nhp vo biu tng chn Tag Selection.

92

Hp thoi Tag Project xut hin, chn Tag c tn l ON kt ni, nhp chn OK chp nhn.

Tr li hp thoi Assgning Parameter, Tag ON xut hin. Nhp p vo hng Value, nhp gi tr l 1 sau nhp OK.

Thc hin tng t vi cc nt nhn Start, stop v cc nt nhn khc ch khc nt nhn stop ghi gi tr l khng. To thuc tnh cho ng c . Nhp phi chut vo ng c cn to thuc tnh chn Properties hp thoi Object Properties xut hin chn thuc tnh Flasinh. Nhp p vo

93

Flasinh Background Active chn Yes , sau nhp phi vo biu tng bng n chn Tag.

Hp thoi Tags Project xut hin, chn Internal tags ct Name , chn bin M1 v nhp vo OK chp nhn.

Tr li hp thoi Object Properties, mc Flasinh Background Active biu tng bng n chuyn sang mu xanh v bin M1 c gn. ct Current, chn thi gian cp nht l Upon change.

94

Vic to thuc tnh cc ng c cn li v kt ni vi cc Tag thc hin tng t nh ng c M1 trn. 3.4.4.3. Chy m phng ng dng trn WinCC. Khi cc bc trn thc hin xong, th tin hnh chy m phng h thng, nhn nt Runtime trn thanh cng c Graphics Designer sau vi giy mn hnh WinCC Runtime xut hin nh hnh 3.17. chy h thng nhp nt ON n bo trng thi hot ng nhp nhy bo h thng sn sng, sau nhn M1 my nn v ng c qut lm mt my nn, bm nc b cha, bm nc bnh ngng hot ng thuc tnh ca ng c thay i mu sc. Tip theo nhn nt Start cc phng cn lm lnh lc n bo trng thi hot ng, van cp lng, qut dn lnh nhp nhy thay i mu sc cho bit h thng ang hot ng trng thi bnh thng c th hin trn hnh 3.18.

95

Hnh 3.17. Mn hnh hin th WinCC Runtime

Hnh 3.18. Bo trng thi hot ng bnh thng ca h thng.

96

 Khi xy ra s c my nn 3 th my nn 3 v qut lm mt my dng hot ng ng thi bo s c my nn 3 nhp nhy thay i mu sc v chung bo ku cho bit my nn 3 ang b s c th hin trn hnh 3.19.

Hnh 3.19. Bo cho bit my nn 3 b s Khi cm bin nhit ph bng phng lnh 3 t n im nhit t th cm bin tc ng ln n bo PBP3 sng nhp nhy cho bit phng 3 ang tin hnh ph bng, biu hin trn hnh 3.20.
97

Hnh 3.20. Bo trng thi ph bng phng 3. Khi nhit phng lnh no t n nhit t th dng cp lng

lc ny p sut ht v my nn gim n im t p sut ht thp th my nn 3 v qut lm mt my nn dng hot ng v ng thi n bo p sut ht thp nhp nhy mu xanh c th hin trn hnh 3.21.
98

Hnh 3.21. Bo trng thi p sut thp my nn 3. 3.4.5. Kt lun chng Sau khi tm hiu dy chuyn cng ngh. Em xy dng s iu khin h thng iu ha trung tm, lp trnh iu khin bng phn mn S7 300 v gim st h thng trn WinCC. Tuy nhin vn cn hn ch l cha hin th c bng gi tr t nhit cho tng phng v ch th nhit phng trn mn hnh iu khin WinCC.

99

KT LUN
Sau mt thi gian nguyn cu ti, c s hng dn tn tnh ca thy Ts: Nguyn Tin Ban v cng vi s c gng ca bn thn n ca em hon thnh v t c nhng im sau: - Nghin cu v h thng iu ha trung tm. - Xy dng c m hnh h iu khin PLC c giao din cho ngi vn hnh bng WinCC. - a ra kt qu ca h iu khin. n ny mi ch dng li vic nghin cu v thit k trn c s l thuyt. Vic p dng vo thc t cn nh hng bi nhiu yu t khc m em cha thc hin c. Mt ln na em xin chn thnh gi li cm n ti thy Ts: Nguyn Tin Ban tn tnh hng dn em trong qu trnh lm n ny. Em xin cm n cc thy, c trong b mn in Dn Dng v Cng Nghip nhit tnh gip em trong qu trnh hc tp, nghin cu v hon thnh n ny.

Hi Phng, thng 7 nm 2010

100

Ti liu tham kho

1. Nguyn c Li - Phm Vn Ty (2002), K thut lnh c s, Nh xut bn gio dc. 2. Nguyn c Li (2009), T ng ha h thng lnh, Nh xut bn gio dc. 3. Nguyn c Li (2009), Gio thit k h thng iu ha khng kh, Nh xt bn gio dc 4. Nguyn Don Phc - Phan Xun Minh - V Vn H (2007), T ng ha vi Simatic S7-300, Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut. 5. Ts: Trn Thu H - Ks. Phm Quang Huy, Lp trnh vi S7 & WinCC , Nh xut bn hng c. 6. Ti liu k thut ca hng iu ha York .

101

102