Volcanoes

What is it a volcano?
A volcano is a mountain that it has magma
inside it. It’s like a chimney in the Earth’s
crust (surface).
 Parts of a volcano
The parts of a volcano are:
1)Vent
2)Hard lava
3)Magma
4)Magma chamber 1

3
2
4
 What is it...
-Magma is liquid rock that rises to the
Earth’s surface from the mantle.
-Lava is when the magma leaves the vent.
-The vent is the hole of a volcano.
 The plate tectonics theory
The plate tectonics is a theory that explains
how volcanoes form.
Some volcanoes form above a hot spot.
The hot spot is a very hot place in the
mantle, just below a plate.
 Plate movements

Plates bumping

Plates moving
inside

Plates moving apart

 A volcanic eruption
A volcanic eruption contains: gas, dust,
water vapour, ash, lava and magma.
 Groups of volcanoes
There are three groups of volcanoes:
- An active volcano is one that is erupting
or will soon erupt.
- A dormant volcano is one that hasn’t
erupted for a long time.
- An extinct volcano is one that hasn’t
erupted for more than 10,000 years.
 Types of tephra
Tephra are fragments of igneous rocks that
erupt from a vent.

Bomb Lapilli Ash

aa Pahoehoe
Dust Pele’s Hair
 Underwater volcanoes
In the floor of the ocean there are flat plains,
mountain ridges, canyons and trenches.
There are more volcanoes under the ocean
than on land.
Underwater volcanoes form in the same
way as land volcanoes.
People live near volcanoes because:
-The minerals and chemicals in the lava and ash
make the soil fertile so it’s good for farming.
-Volcanoes help to produce electricity. This
electricity is called geothermal energy.
 Volcanologists
Volcanologists are scientists that study
volcanoes in different ways.
It’s a dangerous work but they help the
people that live near volcanoes.
They use special suits while they collect
lava.