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Gagne Theory
&
Information Processing Model

)(632
:
: .
:
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/
2009 / 2008
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) 14................................................................................................ (sensory registers
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) 15.......................................................................................:(short term memory
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)16........................................................................................................ :(long term memory
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) (2002-1916
Robert Gagne 1916
) (,North Andover Massachusetts 1937
Yale University
Brown University 1940 Pennsylvania State
University


1949 " 1916
). (
:

).
(207


.
:
:
.1 ) (Motor skills
.:
.
. ( Gagne,1988 p 59 ) .
.
.2 :(Attitudes) :

). (146
: ,
.3 ) ( condition of thought

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 ).
(Gagne,1973 p 64
:
.4 ) :(Verbal information
:
(1 (2.
(3 .
.5 ) :(Intelligential skills
.
:

.
.

)(

.

.

:


:
.1 : .
.2 :
). (1984

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 ) (:
) (
).. (139
:Problem Solving:
: rule learning:
concept learning :
multiple discrimination :
verbal association :
) ( chaining :
)(stimulus- response
signal learning

:

:
.1 :signal learning
) ( diffuse
.
:( .(
.(
) 1984 .( 90
.2 ) : (stimulus- response


) (Thorndike
).(skinner
3

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 (1: (2 . (3
) . (9091
.3 ) ( :chaining :



(1:

(2.
(3 (4.

)(Gagne, 1969,p 88
.4 verbal association :

.


(1: :
main hand ).manual
(1970
(2

(3 (4
.5 multiple discrimination :


(1: (2 (3
(4 (5
(6
) .(1970
.1

.6 : : concept learning :

4

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 : ) (




(1: ) ( (2. ) ( (3 )
(
.7 : rule learning: "
" 100


(1:
(2 .
(3.

.8 :Problem Solving:

:
.1
.2
.3
.4
:
o
o
o
o
o
o


) (1970
5

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 :


.
) (

.

).
(
:
" "
Hierarchy
.
Prerequisite .
" "
.
. Task Analysis
) (capabilities

.


.

:
.1
.2
.3

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.

" "

.

" :
-1 .
-2
.
-3
.
-4 -
- ) " .1982
( 487

"." conditions of learning
Nine Events of Instruction
:
.1 :
.2 :
.3 :
.4 :
.5 :
.6 :
.7
.8
.9
http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/Articles/gagnesevents/index.htm

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. /
http://docs.ksu.edu.sa/DOC/Articles49/Article490153.doc

.1
.2
.3
.4
.5

:
.1

.2

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Information Processing Model


.

" :

".



)( :
<--------- <---------
inputs cpu
outputs

). . 1980 (
Information processing model
This is a simple processing model
Decision
making

Output

Input

Feedback
Response
programming

Memory

Decision
making

Motor
output

Sensory input

perception

feedback

:

:
9

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 : :

.
: :
.

:

) (

: ) (



.
: :
.


Information Processing Model of Human Functions

Cognition
Memory
Decision making/planning
Learning
Communication
Response selection

decisions

Sensation/Perception
Psycho-physics
Perceptual Processes
& Augmentation
Attention

information

Anthropometry
Dynamics/Biomechanics
Speech
Motor Control
Response Execution

intent, action

data

stimuli

observations

Environment
Technologies
People

modifications

) (

Psycho-Motor

: :

v
v
v

). (
Wickens model of human information processing
10

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http://ecow.engr.wisc.edu/cgibin/get/ie/549/carayon/notes/ie549_infoprocessingmodels_website.ppt#263,6,Wickens
model of human information processing
http://www.cc.gatech.edu/classes/cs6751_97_fall/projects/say-cheese/kim/wickens.html
:
.1 .

.2

.3

.4
.

Top-down
processing

Perception

Bottom-up
processing

Knowledge

)(expectancies & desires

Experience

The senses

Stimulus
World
) (

:
:

) .. (
:

.I ) :(Encoding inputs
) (


11

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:
visual encoding

:acoustic coding

:
:
:

.
:
.1
.2

:


.1: .2 .
.3
:
serial processing:
Parallel Processing :
.II storage:


30- 20


.

.III Retrieval :
.
(1:
12

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 (2

.1 :

: .

.2 :

.
spread of activation effect

networks
) ( Cue

Reconstruction brain storming

).(ashcraft,1989

.3 :
.

:

.
13

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.
:
.

-1 ) (decay of information
.
-2 ) (displacement-interference theory
:
.

.

.
-3 :
,

-4 :
good gestalt

-5

.
:

) (sensory registers

.

,
:
.1
14

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 .2
.3
.4
.1 : . automatic decay
. 2 interference and displacement
. 3

: images

kelle & chase
,
.
: echoic memory ,

) :(short term memory

30-5 .
working memory


:
.1
.2 9-5 7

.3
.4 30
.5 :
.1
.2
15

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 .3
.6
..

.1 : 45
.2

.1 :
:

: SMART
.
.2 :
7 79
1085329
108 53 29 .
.

.1
.2 :
.3 : .

):(long term memory

memory attribute
.

16

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control
processing
:



.
:
.4
.1 rehearsal
.5
.2
.6
.3

.1
.2
.3
.4

:
representation form

.
: ) (
. : ) (


:

17

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 : : :
.1

.2

.3 :
.

:

: :

flavell
, :
bruer

-1
-2
-3

-1 :
-2 :
.

18

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-1 ) /(

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6

-7

-8

-9

http://tip.psychology.org/gagne.html

19

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