TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

KHOA IN

CC BI THC HNH
MN HC

TN HIU V H THNG
( 6 bi)
H v tn sinh vin: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M lp th nghim: . . . . . . . . . . M s sinh vin: . . . . . . . . . .
(Sinh vin phi np li vo bui bo v tun cui cng chm im)

H NI - 2010

5-1

BI 5
p ng tn s v lc tn hiu
I. Mc ch

Xc nh p ng tn s ca h thng lin tc/khng lin tc t phng trnh vi phn/sai

phn ca h
V th Bode vi MATLAB
M phng mch in RLC vi Simulink kim chng tnh cht lc ca mch in

II. Yu cu i vi sinh vin

Thc hin trc Bi 5.1 v 5.2 nh.

c ti liu hng dn v tr li c cc cu hi ca CBHD trc khi lm thc hnh
Hon thnh ni dung bi thc hnh (k c cc bi v nh) trc khi tham d bui tip theo

III. Ni dung
Bi 5.1 (t chun b v lm nh): p ng tn s ca h thng lin tc
Cho mch in RLC nh Hnh 5.1. Bit in p
ngun vS (t ) v in p ca t in vC (t ) ln lt l
tn hiu vo v tn hiu ra ca h thng. Theo nh
lut bo ton in p Kirchoff, quan h vo/ra ca h
c m t bng cc phng trnh sau:
di 1 t
L i( )d Ri (t ) vS (t )
dt C
Hnh 5.1Mch in RLC
1 t
vC (t ) i ( )d
(5.1)
C
vS (t ) vC (t )
o hm hai v phng trnh th nht ca (5.1) ta nhn c phng trnh vi phn cp hai nh sau:
dv
d 2i
di 1
L 2 R i (t ) S
dt
dt C
dt
a) Xc nh p ng tn s
nh ngha 1: p ng tn s (hay hm c tnh tn) ca mt h thng (lin tc) l t s gia nh
Fourier (lin tc) ca tn hiu ra vi nh Fourier (lin tc) ca tn hiu vo.
V ( j )
Da vo nh ngha 1, cc em hy xc nh p ng tn s G ( j ) S
ca mch RLC
VC ( j )
Hnh 5.1.
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5-2

b) Xc nh m hnh trng thi

t cc bin trng thi ca h ln lt l x1 (t ) i (t ) v x2 (t ) vC (t ), cc em hy tm m hnh
trng thi ca h.
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Bi 5.2 (t chun b v lm nh): p ng tn s ca h thng khng lin tc
nh ngha 2: p ng tn s (hay hm c tnh tn) ca mt h thng (khng lin tc) l t s
gia nh Fourier (ri rc) ca tn hiu ra vi nh Fourier (ri rc) ca tn hiu vo.
Cho h khng lin tc c tn hiu vo x(k ) v tn hiu ra y(k ) c m t bi phng trnh sai
phn cp mt nh sau:

y(k ) 0.5 y (k 1) x(k )

Y (e j )
ca h thng .
X (e j )
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Da vo nh ngha 2, cc em hy xc nh p ng tn s G (e j )

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Bi 5.3 (thc hin c hng dn ti PTN): V th Bode s dng MATLAB
nh ngha 3: th Bode l th biu din hm c tnh tn G ( j ) thnh hai th theo cho:
1. bin L( ) 20lg G ( j ) , n v l decibels (dB)
2. gc pha ( ) G ( j ), n v l radian hoc .
Vi mch in RLC nh Bi 5.1, gi thit R L C 1, ta c hai cch v th bin v th
pha ca hm c tnh tn s dng MATLAB nh sau.
a) Tnh ton bin v pha ca hm c tnh tn v v trn th
T kt qu Bi 5.1a, ta nhn c hm c tnh tn:
1
G( j ) 2
j 1
Ta s s dng cc hm abs(x) v angle(x) ca MATLAB v cc th bin v pha ca
G ( j ). Ngoi ra, hm log10(x) c s dng tnh logarithm c s 10 v trc tn s s c chia
theo thang o logarithm s dng hm semilogx(x,y). on lnh MATLAB sau v th bin
G ( j ) v pha G ( j ) theo tn s .
5-3

w=0:0.02:100;
subplot(211)
magGjw=20*log10(abs(-1./(w.^2-j.*w-1))); semilogx(w,magGjw);
xlabel('Frequency in rad/sec'); ylabel('Magnitude of Vout/Vin');grid;
subplot(212)
phaseGjw=angle(-1./(w.^2-j.*w-1)).*180./pi; semilogx(w,phaseGjw);
xlabel('Frequency in rad/sec'); ylabel('Phase of Vout/Vin');grid;

Magnitude of Vout/Vin

Cc em hy v li th nhn c vo Hnh 5.2 di y.

50

-50

-100
-2
10

-1

10

10
Frequency in rad/sec

10

10

Phase of Vout/Vin

0
-50
-100
-150
-200
-2
10

-1

10

10
Frequency in rad/sec

10

10

Hnh 5.2 Cc th cho bi 5.3

b) S dng trc tip hm bode ca MATLAB
T kt qu ca Bi 5.1b, m hnh trng thi ca mch in RLC l:
x1 1 1 x1 1
x 1 0 x 0 u ,
2
2
x
y 0 1 1
x2
Trong MATLAB, hm ss(A,B,C,D) c s dng khai bo m hnh trng thi ca mt h thng,
v hm bode(sys) c s dng v th Bode ca h sys.
R=1;L=1;C=1;
A=[-R/L -1/L;1/C 0];
B=[1/L;0];
C=[0 1];
D=0;
sys1=ss(A,B,C,D);
bode(sys1);grid;

Cc em hy so snh kt qu nhn c ca on lnh trn vi kt qu trn th Hnh 5.2.

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5-4

c) T th Bode ca hm c tnh tn, hy xc nh tn s gy b v cho bit mch RLC Hnh

5.1 c tnh cht ca b lc g?
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d) Hy lp li cu b) v th Bode ca h thng v xc nh tn s gy ng vi mi trng
hp sau:
R 1, L 0.1 v C 0.1
b ................

b ................

R 1, L 0.01 v C 0.01

Bi 5.4 (thc hin c hng dn ti PTN): Tnh cht lc ca mch in RLC

S Simulink Hnh 5.3 di y m phng tn hiu vo/ra ca mch in RLC trong ba trng
hp ng vi cc tn hiu vo sin c cng bin , cng pha nhng tn s khc nhau. Mch in
c m t bng m hnh trng thi da trn kt qu Bi 5.1b.

Hnh 5.3 S Simulink cho Bi 5.4

a) Vi R 1, L 1 v C 1, cc khi State-Space u c cu hnh nh sau:
A=[-1 -1 ;1 0], B=[1; 0], C=[0 1]; D=0; Cc thng s khc gi nguyn.
Cc khi Sine Wave c cu hnh nh sau:
Sine Wave 1:
Amplitude: 1, Freq (rad/sec): 0.5, Phase: 0, Sample Time: 0.01
Sine Wave 2:
Amplitude: 1, Freq (rad/sec): 1, Phase: 0, Sample Time: 0.01
Sine Wave 3:
Amplitude: 1, Freq (rad/sec): 5, Phase: 0, Sample Time: 0.01
Thi gian m phng l 20 giy.
Cc em hy v li cc tn hiu vo/ra m phng c vo cc th Hnh 5.4 di y.
System response with input signal sin(0.5t)
1.5
output
input
1

Input and output

0.5

-0.5

-1

-1.5

10
time

5-5

12

14

16

18

20

System response with input signal sin(t)

1.5
output
input
1

Input and output

0.5

-0.5

-1

-1.5

10
time

12

14

16

18

20

System response with input signal sin(5t)

1.5
output
input
1

Input and output

0.5

-0.5

-1

-1.5

10
time

12

14

16

18

20

Hnh 5.3 Cc th cho bi 5.4

Quan st bin v pha ca cc tn hiu vo/ra m phng trn Simulink v da vo th Bode
nhn c Bi 5.3, cc em hy gii thch mi quan h gia ca tn s tn hiu v tnh cht lc
ca mch in.
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b) Lp li cu a) khi thay i cc tham s ca mch in nh sau :
R 1, L 0.1 v C 0.1
R 1, L 0.01 v C 0.01
Gii thch kt qu:
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5-6

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Bi 5.5 (v nh t lm)
Cc em hy s dng MATLAB v th Bode cho h thng khng lin tc Bi 5.2 v cho bit
tnh cht lc ca h thng .
Bode Diagram

Magnitude (dB)

8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-2
10

-1

10

10

10

Phase (deg)

-10

-20

-30
-2
10

-1

10

10

10

Frequency (rad/sec)

Hnh 5.4 th Bode cho Bi 5.5

Tr li:
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5-7