2 OSIsoft - PI - PI ProcessBook User Guide

PI ProcessBook User Guide
Version 3.1
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Table of Contents
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................1 What Can You View with PI ProcessBook? .......................................................................1 System Requirements ........................................................................................................4 Installation ..........................................................................................................................4 PI ProcessBook Essentials ...........................................................................................................7 Starting PI ProcessBook ....................................................................................................7 Workspace .........................................................................................................................7 ProcessBook (PIW) ............................................................................................................8 Display................................................................................................................................8 Run Mode and Build Mode.................................................................................................8 Servers and Connections...................................................................................................8 Time Concepts .................................................................................................................10 Menus and Toolbars.........................................................................................................16 Preference Settings..........................................................................................................18 Add-Ins .............................................................................................................................25 Keyboard Shortcuts..........................................................................................................28 Print ..................................................................................................................................29 About PI ProcessBook .....................................................................................................31 Using Online Help ............................................................................................................32 Work with a ProcessBook ...........................................................................................................33 Basic Steps to Build a ProcessBook ................................................................................33 Create a New ProcessBook .............................................................................................33 Open an Existing ProcessBook........................................................................................34 Run Mode Pointer ............................................................................................................35 Build Mode Pointer ...........................................................................................................35 Add ProcessBook Entries ................................................................................................35 Arrange ProcessBook Entries ..........................................................................................41 Properties .........................................................................................................................47 Import Files to a ProcessBook .........................................................................................50 File Sharing Capability .....................................................................................................51 Move a ProcessBook to Another PC................................................................................51 Work with a Display......................................................................................................................53 Overview of Display Elements .........................................................................................53 Manage Displays and Independent Display Files ............................................................55 Drawing Area....................................................................................................................60 Tags .................................................................................................................................60
PI ProcessBook User Guide iii
Table of Contents
Display Point Attributes ....................................................................................................61 Drawing Tools ..................................................................................................................62 Formatting ........................................................................................................................63 ToolTip Statistics ..............................................................................................................68 Layers within Displays......................................................................................................68 Module-relative Displays ..................................................................................................72 Migrate Displays to Another PI Server .............................................................................76 Trends............................................................................................................................................77 Create a Trend .................................................................................................................77 Define Trend Dialog .........................................................................................................80 Configure Trend Scale .....................................................................................................84 Trend Analysis Tools........................................................................................................85 Change Time Range ........................................................................................................88 How Trends Refresh ........................................................................................................88 Trend Appearance............................................................................................................88 Ad Hoc Trends .................................................................................................................94 OpenVMS Trends and Graphics ......................................................................................95 XYPlots ..........................................................................................................................................97 Draw an XYPlot ................................................................................................................99 Linear Regression by Least Squares .............................................................................109 Correlation Coefficient....................................................................................................109 Interpreting an XYPlot ....................................................................................................110 Zoom/Revert Functions ..................................................................................................110 Change Time Range Feature.........................................................................................112 XYPlot Cursors...............................................................................................................112 Bad Status Indicators .....................................................................................................113 Out of Range Indicators .................................................................................................114 Too Many Points ............................................................................................................114 Examples of XYPlots......................................................................................................114 Additional Symbols ....................................................................................................................117 Dynamic Symbols...........................................................................................................117 Static Symbols................................................................................................................125 Work with Symbols.....................................................................................................................135 Details and Annotations .................................................................................................135 Select and Move a Symbol ............................................................................................138 Select Multiple Symbols .................................................................................................138 Rotate a Symbol.............................................................................................................139 Flip a Symbol..................................................................................................................139 Delete a Symbol .............................................................................................................139 Stacking Order ...............................................................................................................140 Align Multiple Symbols ...................................................................................................141 Group, Ungroup, or Regroup symbols ...........................................................................141 Connect Symbols ...........................................................................................................142
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Item Definition ................................................................................................................151 Status Report for Dynamic Symbols ..............................................................................152 Status Flags for Unusual Data .......................................................................................153 Data Sets .....................................................................................................................................155 PI Calculation Data Sets ................................................................................................156 Custom Data Sets ..........................................................................................................159 ODBC Data Sets ............................................................................................................160 Placeholders...................................................................................................................162 Is a Data Set in Use? .....................................................................................................164 Data Set Details .............................................................................................................164 Add a Data Set to a Trend .............................................................................................165 Time Intervals for Plotting Tags and Data Sets .............................................................166 Refresh a Trend Containing a Data Set .........................................................................166 Add Data Sets to Bars or Values in a Display................................................................166 Run PI ProcessBook When Data Sets Are Included .....................................................167 Edit a Data Set ...............................................................................................................167 Delete a Data Set ...........................................................................................................168 Copy a Data Set to Another ProcessBook .....................................................................168 Loading Custom Data Sets ............................................................................................169 Embedding and Linking.............................................................................................................171 Overview of PI ProcessBook OLE Compound Documents ...........................................171 OLE Automation in PI ProcessBook ..............................................................................171 Object Linking and Embedding ......................................................................................172 ActiveX Controls.............................................................................................................173 Example of Embedded and Linked Objects in a ProcessBook Display.........................174 Icons vs. Graphics..........................................................................................................174 Embedding in ProcessBook ...........................................................................................175 Windows Drag and Drop ................................................................................................176 Link a File to a ProcessBook Display.............................................................................176 Dynamic and Manual Updates of a Linked Object.........................................................177 Edit, Update, or Break Links ..........................................................................................177 How Links Are Stored.....................................................................................................177 Select a New Source Link ..............................................................................................178 Edit the Appearance of an OLE Object ..........................................................................178 Commands That Ignore OLE objects.............................................................................178 Placement of OLE objects..............................................................................................178 OLE Object Colors .........................................................................................................179 Edit the Contents of OLE objects ...................................................................................179 Edit the Contents of an Embedded Object.....................................................................179 Edit the Contents of a Linked Object..............................................................................179 Delete an OLE Object from a Display ............................................................................180 Display an OLE Object with an Icon...............................................................................180 Convert Objects to Icons................................................................................................180 Share ProcessBook Displays with Other Applications...................................................181 Link a ProcessBook to Another Application ...................................................................182 OLE Container/Server ....................................................................................................182
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Table of Contents
Visual Basic for Applications in PI ProcessBook ...................................................................183 VBA Commands.............................................................................................................183 ActiveX Automation ........................................................................................................183 What You Can Do with ActiveX Automation in PI ProcessBook....................................183 Automation Vocabulary ..................................................................................................184 ODBC ...........................................................................................................................................185 ODBC Driver Manager ...................................................................................................185 ODBC Drivers.................................................................................................................185 ODBC Data Sources ......................................................................................................185 ODBC Data Access........................................................................................................185 ODBC Data Source Administrator..................................................................................186 Prepare for ODBC ..........................................................................................................187 Configure the ODBC Data Source .................................................................................187 Use MSQuery to Build Data Sets...................................................................................188 Assumptions about Timestamps and Data Sets ............................................................188 Stored Procedures in Queries........................................................................................188 Troubleshoot ODBC Data Sets ......................................................................................189 Trace ODBC Calls..........................................................................................................189 Delete an ODBC Driver ..................................................................................................190 Delete an ODBC Data Source .......................................................................................190 Edit an ODBC Data Source............................................................................................190 Troubleshooting Tips .................................................................................................................191 Display Can't Find Data..................................................................................................191 Trend Cursor Does Not Appear .....................................................................................191 Trend Legend Does Not Appear ....................................................................................191 Cant Change or Save a Display ....................................................................................191 Is an XYPlot Updating? ..................................................................................................191 Is an OLE Object in a Display Linked or Embedded?....................................................192 Linked Object Data Isn't Updating..................................................................................192 ODBC Problems.............................................................................................................193 System Administrator Notes .....................................................................................................195 PI ProcessBook Connection to Windows NT or UNIX Servers .....................................195 PI ProcessBook Connection to OpenVMS Servers .......................................................195 Read/Write Data Access for Users ................................................................................195 Machine Address............................................................................................................196 PROCBOOK.INI .............................................................................................................196 IMPPIGP.INI...................................................................................................................206 SETUPProcessBook.LOG .............................................................................................209 Technical Support and Resources ...........................................................................................211 Before You Call or Write for Help...................................................................................212 Index ............................................................................................................................................215
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Chapter 1
Introduction
PI ProcessBook is a PC application for displaying plant information stored in the PI Data Archive (page 2) or in relational databases. The PI ProcessBook application displays one or more ProcessBooks (page 8), which are collections of display (page 8) entries. These display entries show your process data from one or more PI Systems as well as other static and dynamic information from outside sources such as schematic drawings, laboratory data, or specifications. Displays can also be saved as independent files. ProcessBook displays may be linked to other displays within the same ProcessBook or to displays in a separate ProcessBook or independent file. You can also include buttons that launch other applications. You can share ProcessBooks among users, thereby eliminating the need to build duplicate displays, however, only one user at a time can open individual display files. On networks, an unlimited number of users may access the same ProcessBook at the same time. Furthermore, you can have up to six simultaneous sessions of the application active on a computer. The PI ProcessBook application incorporates Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), so that you can automate special activities or routine chores. OSIsoft produces several add-in products for PI ProcessBook, including PI BatchView and PI Statistical Quality Control (SQC).
What Can You View with PI ProcessBook?

A PI ProcessBook display entry may contain data from any or all of the following sources:
PI Servers, including both point data (actual instrument readings) and calculated data Calculations from PI data Data obtained through the PI Data Archive by COM connectors and stored in non-PI data
sources
Other databases with ODBC connectivity Other databases with custom interfaces to PI ProcessBook Spreadsheets, documents, schematics, graphics, photos, and other Windows applications
through OLE linking and embedding.

VBA code
Introduction
ProcessBook displays may be linked to other displays within the same ProcessBook, or to displays in a separate ProcessBook. You can also include buttons that launch other applications.
Data from a PI System

Most displays include a number of tags from one or more PI Systems. The connection to a PI Server allows you to view process data at the current time or at other, discrete points in time. Displays update dynamically whenever values on the PI Server change.
PI Data Archive The PI Archive is a time-series database that collects, stores, and retrieves numerical and string data. The PI Archive resides on a host computer and is connected to your PC via the PI Server and your network. When you open a display (page 8) containing dynamic symbols, PI ProcessBook retrieves data from the PI Archive. PI ProcessBook also notifies the PI Server that it would like to receive data whenever the readings for the dynamic symbols change. Each time a reading changes for points in the display, the information is recorded in the PI Server. This new information is sent to your displays and all the new values are added to trend traces. This is true even if you reduce the display to an icon (page 58). If you open a display but are not connected to a PI Server, PI ProcessBook automatically tries to connect to the servers in the display. If multiple servers are accessed, the application tries to connect to each disconnected server used in the display and the message Attempting to Connect displays on the Status Bar. If security is enabled on the server, you may be prompted to log in to the server.
Updates to PI Data When a display is opened, current values of PI tags are used for dynamic elements other than trends and XY plots. For trends and XY plots, the time scale is configurable on a plot-by-plot basis. See Changing the Time Range (page 14) for information on viewing historical values. Displays are updated whenever values change. Every five seconds, PI ProcessBook displays any new values for tags in open displays from each PI Server. You can modify the update rate. See Procbook.ini (page 196) for more details. For trends, new values are added to the trend traces. This update by exception algorithm has two benefits:
Values that do not change are not sent over the network at every update. This can be a
significant efficiency improvement over traditional scanning.

Values that change more than once within five seconds are shown accurately on trends
because all of the changes are delivered to PI ProcessBook. Values from PI calculations and custom data sets are also updated dynamically.
What Can You View with PI ProcessBook?
PI ProcessBook Datasets
PI ProcessBook can plot data from relational databases through Open Database Connectivity (ODBC), which means that you can retrieve and display dynamic data from other ODBCcompliant databases based on fixed or variable criteria. You can also view data from data sets based on PI Performance Equations or standard functions, such as minimum or maximum value. These are called PI Calculation data sets. If you have custom data sets, these may be available to PI ProcessBook using a VBA add-in and will update dynamically.
PI ProcessBook OLE
PI ProcessBook provides the capability to use OLE linking and embedding (page 172). You can embed or link OLE objects from other Windows applications into a ProcessBook display. The data might be derived from a wide variety of OLE-compliant applications, such as spreadsheets, documents, graphics objects, etc. PI ProcessBook is an OLE Automation server. Programmers can write scripts that manipulate and retrieve PI data.
Visual Basic for Applications

OSIsoft licenses Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) from Microsoft in order to provide an integrated development environment. This is the same VBA that is used in Microsoft Office, Visio, AutoCAD, Great Plains Dynamics, and many other applications. In PI ProcessBook, each display has a VBA project associated with it. You can write scripts that execute in response to events in PI ProcessBook, either from user actions or data updates. Also use VBA to automate routine tasks or to cause changes in a display when data changes. The Visual Basic toolbar includes three buttons: Visual Basic Editor, Run Macro, and Design Mode. Use of VBA in PI ProcessBook is documented in the VBA language reference. Choose Help > PI ProcessBook VBA Language Reference to open this reference guide. You can find existing custom VBA scripts available for free download at the OSIsoft Developer Network (http://osidn.osisoft.com/) Web site. Many of the files available there were contributed by PI System users, but are not fully supported by OSIsoft, Inc.
Data from Multiple Servers

You can connect to more than one PI Server, and build displays to show data from multiple servers at the same time.
Introduction
System Requirements
You can use PI ProcessBook with Windows 2000, XP, Vista, 2003 Server, 2000 Server, and on Intel platforms. The 3.1 release of PI ProcessBook is shipped in a 32-bit version. As more advanced PI ProcessBook features are added, your system may require more memory.
Windows Operating System Configurations

Physical Memory: Minimum 128 MB, Recommended 256 MB Processor Speed: Minimum Pentium II, Recommended: Pentium III or greater Hard Drive Space: 250 MB, Application: 140 MB You should have at least 250 MB of additional empty space on the system drive.
Installation
Upgrade from Previous Version of PI ProcessBook
If you have a previous version of PI ProcessBook installed on your computer, you should upgrade that version, rather than uninstall it. During the installation of PI ProcessBook 3.1, your previous version of PI ProcessBookis removed; however, .ini files settings are retained. If you have created or edited displays and ProcessBooks with other versions of PI ProcessBook, those files will work with PI ProcessBook 3.1.
Other PI System Client Products

If you have other client products, such as PI DataLink, PI ODBC-PC, PI SDK, or PI API, the same root path is used for installation, often C:\Program Files\PIPC. Otherwise, incompatibilities in the .dll files shared by the applications could occur. If you have PI BatchView or PI SQC installed on your system, Setup installs a PI ProcessBook Batch group and/or PI ProcessBook SQC symbol that is compatible with the current version of PI ProcessBook. You can also install PI BatchView 3.x after installing PI ProcessBook 3.x, and the correct Batch Trend symbol is loaded. If you install PI SQC 1.1 before installing PI ProcessBook 3.x, you have to rerun the PI SQC 1.1 setup program after installing PI ProcessBook 3.x.
Installation
Installation Test
You can view the results of the installation process by examining the setup log:
PIPC\DAT\SetupProcessBook.log
This log also contains information pertaining to the directory structure, node, .dlls, user name, and installation of various PI ProcessBook files. If the log file is not found in the \PIPC\Dat folder, look in the root directory of your system drive (e.g., C:\). Once you install PI ProcessBook, you can see the words PI System on the Windows Start menu under Programs. At this point, you are ready to use PI ProcessBook. Call OSI Technical Support (page 211) if you experience problems with your software.
Installed Files
Upon completion, Setup installs PI ProcessBook under the root directory PIPC. Setup also installs online help files and Release Notes. See the Release Notes (readme.htm) for a complete list of files. The Release Notes are normally installed at:
C:\Program Files\PIPC\procbook\readme.htm
You can look at SetupProcessBook.log in the Dat directory of your PI ProcessBook installation to see a list of files installed by PI ProcessBook's Setup on your computer. SetupProcessBook.log does not show the files installed by VBA.
Chapter 2
PI ProcessBook Essentials
Process data is stored in the PI Server Archive, part of the foundation of the PI System. The Archive handles the collection, storage, and retrieval of numerical and string data. PI ProcessBook provides access to these data. When you log in to PI ProcessBook, you obtain values from the Archive via the PI Server or servers to which you are connected.
Starting PI ProcessBook
To use PI ProcessBook you need to start the application, log in to the PI Server, open a specific ProcessBook file, and open a display. 1. Either double-click on the PI ProcessBook icon on the desktop, or select the Start button > Programs > PI System > PI ProcessBook. If security is not configured at your site, you automatically log into PI ProcessBook. If security is configured, the PI Server Login dialog appears. 2. Enter your PI user name or host user name and password (if prompted). 3. If the PI Server to which you want to connect is not shown, enter the desired PI Server name (sometimes called the node). 4. Click OK to begin the login process. This may take a few seconds while the application connects to the specified server. The status bar displays the message, Attempting to Connect. When the application connects to the server, the status bar displays the message, Connection Was Successful.
Note: If you click Cancel, PI ProcessBook starts, but is not connected to the server. Whenever you open a display containing tags from a PI Server, the application attempts to connect again and you may see the login dialog.
Workspace
When you start PI ProcessBook, it appears as an open window or workspace on the desktop. Depending on your settings, you may initially see an empty workspace, or an open ProcessBook (page 8) in either Book or Outline view. Within the PI ProcessBook workspace you can open a ProcessBook or independent display.
ProcessBook (PIW)
In PI ProcessBook we refer to a ProcessBook as the container for the information and analysis of the process you are monitoring. A ProcessBook may appear as either a tabbed book - Book view (page 41), or an outline - Outline view (page 44), and is saved as a separate file with a PIW extension. A ProcessBook is a collection of individual displays of data and analysis. Use a ProcessBook to organize data from the PI System and other sources so that you can analyze the processes you monitor or the tasks you perform. A ProcessBook and its displays are stored in a single file.
Display
The main unit for creating presentations of data in PI ProcessBook is the display. A display may stand on its own (.pdi or.svg), or it may be part of a ProcessBook (.piw). A display contains all the symbols used to represent an operational environment using real-time, production data from PI as well as data from other sources. In addition to containing this collection of data elements, the display has its own set of features and properties that affect the collection of data elements. Displays can show a variety of elements, such as a schematic representation of a production line, a plot of readings taken from a production line, or a comparison of lab data and batch specifications. Displays can also be linked to other ProcessBooks, displays in other ProcessBooks, or other applications.
Run Mode and Build Mode

When you work with a ProcessBook or an independent display, you work in one of two operating modes, Run mode or Build mode.

Build mode is used to edit a ProcessBook and symbols within a display. Run mode is used to open entries and execute commands once the ProcessBook is built. Working in Run mode also keeps you from accidentally changing items in a display.
You switch between modes by clicking the Run mode pointer (an arrow) or the Build mode pointer (a hammer), which are located on the Tools menu and the Drawing toolbar. Your preferred mode of operation is set as a default in your Preference settings.
Servers and Connections

See the PI-SDK Controls and Dialogs User Help to find comprehensive and up-to-date information on connecting PI ProcessBook to a PI Server.
Servers and Connections
Connect to a Server
1. Choose File > Connections. The PI Connection Manager dialog appears. The dialog lists the configured servers to which you can connect and the PI Version used by each server. It also shows the server you have chosen as the default server. 2. Select the check box next to a server name. You may select more than one, or Choose Server > Connect to <server name>. 3. Click Close.
Note: If you select more than one server, the application tries to connect to each server using the same user ID and password. If it fails, a new PI Server Login dialog appears. If you already are logged in to the server from a different PI application, such as DataLink or Control Monitor, the application uses the user ID and password with which you logged in. See the PI-SDK Controls and Dialogs User Help for more detail.
Disconnect from a Server

1. Choose File > Connections. The PI Connection Manager dialog appears. 2. Clear the checkbox next to the server name you want to disconnect from, or Choose Server > Disconnect from <server name>. 3. Click Close. You are automatically disconnected from all servers when you exit PI ProcessBook.
Note: You automatically disconnect from all servers when you exit PI ProcessBook unless you have other PI client software running.
Network Errors
Network Errors update the Status Report dialog, rather than displaying error messages on your monitor. When a display is opened but the server is not found, only one Select New Node dialog appears. The dialog appears once for each server that is not in the Known Servers table.
Displays and Connection Failure

If the connection to your data is not successful, the display is still drawn, but data in dynamic elements are replaced with indicators signifying that no data is available.
Trends are labeled Invalid and no information is plotted. Values are replaced with pound signs (###) and the message Disconnected appears. Bar graphs are drawn using hash marks (//////).
PI ProcessBook User Guide 9
Multi-State symbols show the configured color for bad data.
If a server has been disconnected and cannot be found, a Select New Node dialog appears. You can choose a new server from the drop-down list of connected servers or you can choose File > Connections to launch the PI Connection Manager dialog.
Display PI Server Information

1. Choose File > Connections. The PI Connection Manager dialog appears. 2. Click a server name. Connection information for the server appears on the right side of the dialog.
Note: See the PI-SDK Controls and Dialogs User Help for more detail.
Node Identifiers for Multiple PI Servers

A Node Identifier is stored with each tag name used in a display to point to the correct server. If you define PI Server nodes in the PI Connection Manager dialog, the identifiers will be the same on each PC on the network as long as the node names for the PI System are the same.
Time Concepts
PI Time
PI Time abbreviations and PI time expressions allow you to specify times and time ranges for PI data using constants, variables, and short expressions. PI Time Abbreviations An interval is a unit of time that can be used in time entries. Intervals that support fractional values are listed below. For intervals where the Fractions column indicates No, fractional amounts cannot be used in time strings.
Name second minute hour day month year week Short name s m h d mo y w Plural name seconds minutes hours days months years weeks Member names no no no no yes (for example, December) no no Fractions yes yes yes no no no no
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Time Concepts
Name weekday yearday
Short name wd yd
Plural name weekdays yeardays
Member names yes (for example, Tuesday) no
Fractions no no
You can spell out month and weekday names, or enter the first three letters (for example, Dec, Tue). PI Times can also be expressed using certain constants:
Constant * Today or t Yesterday or y Sunday or sun Result The current time. 12:00 am of the current day. 12:00 am of the previous day. 00:00:00 (midnight) on the most recent past Sunday (in reference to the PI Server).
PI Time Expressions PI allows three types of time expressions: relative time, combined time, and absolute time. These time expression types are defined in the following table.
Expression Relative Time Description Relative time expressions specify a number of days, hours, minutes, or seconds with either a leading plus sign or a leading minus sign. The reference time, or starting time, for the relative time expression is the current time if both start and end times are relative. A combined time expression is a specific reference time followed by a relative time expression. Examples +1d -24h -3m +24s
Combined Time
*+8h 18-dec-02 3m t+32s * 14-Dec-97 11-Nov-96 2:00:00.0001 t y
Absolute Time
An absolute time expression is any time expression that is neither a relative nor a combined time expression.
When using PI times, follow these guidelines:

Use absolute or combined time expressions, rather than relative time expressions.
Otherwise you may get an error message or a starting time that is not what you expect, depending on the context of the expression.
Relative and combined time expressions contain only a single operator: either a single
plus sign (+) or a single minus sign (-). Additional operators can lead to unpredictable results. For example, the following are not valid time expressions:
*+1d+4h T-1d+12h The name or short name for an interval used to denote PI time is not case-sensitive.
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PI Time String Examples Time Syntax Examples

PI Time String 06-dec-91 15:00:00 * 25 25-aug-92 8: 25 8: t y sun, mon, tue, wed, thu, fri, sat *-1h t+8h y-8h mon+14.5h sat-1m Meaning 3:00:00 pm on December 6, 1991 Current time (now) 00:00:00 (midnight) on the 25th of the current month 00:00:00 (midnight) on August 25th, 1992 08:00:00 on the current date 08:00:00 on the 25th of the current month 00:00:00 on the current date (today) 00:00:00 on the previous date (yesterday) 00:00:00 on the most recent Sunday, Monday, ... Saturday One hour ago 8:00:00 am today 4:00:00 pm on the day before yesterday 2:30:00 pm last Monday 11:59:00 pm last Friday
Time Interval Examples In interval expressions, a positive or unmarked interval anchors off the starttime, and a negative interval anchors off the endtime of a time expression. For example, if starttime is y, endtime is t, and interval is +5h for a Sampled Data function, then interpolated values are generated at y, y+5h, y+10h, y+15h, and y+20h. If the interval is -5h, the interpolated values are generated at y+4h, y+9h, y+14h, y+19h and t.
PI Time String 1.5h 32m 49s +5h -5h Meaning One and one-half hours Thirty-two minutes Forty-nine seconds Five hours anchoring off starttime Five hours anchoring off endtime
Time Range Toolbar
The Time Range toolbar is used for working with dynamic symbols. In general, the commands on this toolbar affect only the symbols selected on the display. If no symbols are
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Time Concepts
selected, all symbols are affected. This toolbar, which must be used in Run mode, contains three buttons:
Revert (page 13)returns the trend or other dynamic symbol to its original setting.
Change Time Range (page 14)opens a dialog to set new, temporary start and end times. For Bars, Values, and Multi-State symbols, there is no start time, only an end time.
Scroll Bar (page 15)scrolls through time values.
Revert Time Range
To discard any of the changes you have made to the time range of a trend or the effective time of a Bar, Value, or Multi-State symbol and return it to its original or saved setting: In Run mode, choose View > Revert, or Click the Revert button.
New Dialog In order to create a new ProcessBook, an entry within the ProcessBook that is currently open, or an independent display, choose File > New to launch the New dialog.
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New ProcessBook When you create and save a new ProcessBook, the application initially gives it the title Untitledn where n represents the number of ProcessBooks created during the current session. You may specify a better title, including up to 43 characters and spaces, such as Filtration Plant Number 5. This title is displayed in the title bar of the window listing the contents of your ProcessBook. PI ProcessBook also creates a file name for the new ProcessBook. It suggests the first word or first eight characters from your title and an extension of .piw. For example, PI ProcessBook may suggest Filtrati.piw. If you plan to build a whole set of ProcessBooks, you might choose to modify the title to something that sorts your set of ProcessBooks within the Windows Explorer in some meaningful order, such as 05FiltrP.piw. Using Windows Explorer, you may also change the file name after the file is closed. New ProcessBook Entry The name of the current ProcessBook is shown in the ProcessBook Name text box. Click OK to launch the Define ProcessBook Entry dialog where you can add a ProcessBook entry. Once created, you can change either the name or the location of your entry while in Book View (page 41) or Outline View (page 44). New Display File (.pdi) If you want to create a separate file for a display, rather than one within a ProcessBook, choose this option and enter the name for the display. This name will be used at the top of the display window. When you save the display, you can specify where it should be stored.
Changing the Time Range
The Time Range command lets you enter new starting and ending times for dynamic symbols. When you specify a time range for a single-time dynamic element, such as a MultiState symbol, bar or value, only the end time is used.
Note: The time represented on your display is the time relative to the PI Server, unless you have selected the client time zone setting for your display. If the PI Server to which you are connected is in a different time zone, time on your display represents the distant time zone, not the local one.
1. In Run mode, select the dynamic symbol or symbols for which you want to change the time range. If no symbols are selected, the time range change affects all dynamic symbols on the display. 2. Click the Time Range button on the Time Range toolbar, or
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Time Concepts
Choose View > Time Range. The Change Time Range dialog opens, allowing you to change the time span for a trend or plot, or the effective time for a bar, value, or Multi-State symbol.
3. Select new starting and ending times from the drop-down lists or define your own starting and ending times. Time ranges can be relative, absolute, or combined. 4. Click OK. The selected elements change to reflect the new time range.
Using the Scrolling Time Range
1. In Run mode, select the dynamic symbol or symbols for which you want to change the time range. If no symbols are selected, the time range change affects all dynamic symbols in the display. 2. On the Time Range toolbar, click the forward or backward Scroll Time button, or Click and drag the Scroll Time slider, or Click the space on either side of the Scroll Time slider to increment or decrement by a time span. If the slider is dragged, a ToolTip is updated with the end time that is applied when you release the mouse button. 3. Release the mouse button. Selected symbols are refreshed with the new time range.
Note: You can scroll the time for all items in a display or selected items. If no trend is included in the selected items, the scroll buttons are disabled.
Time Forward and Back
Use the time backward and forward buttons to scroll the time range forward or backward. To do this: 1. Click on the desired symbols with the Run Mode pointer. 2. Click the Time Forward or Time Backward button.
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Trends scroll by the time range specified in the trend definition. When you select multiple trends, each trend maintains its time range as it is scrolled. If you select a trend and a dynamic element such as a value, the non-trend symbol scrolls by the time range specified in the trend definition. For example, if the trend displays data from 1:00 to 4:00 (three hours) and the value has a timestamp of 5:00, scrolling backward shows trend data from 10:00 to 1:00. The value's timestamp also changes by three hours (2:00).
Future Trends
It is possible to set trends with an end date in the future by choosing an end time of the present (*) plus an amount of time, such as 4 hours or 8 days. These trends update if they are less than the update time limit. The default update time limit is 24 hours, but that duration limit can be changed. You can set the time range for a trend into the future by using * + an amount of time no more than 7 days greater than the start time. A trend can also be scrolled into the future using the time range buttons, but then it does not update.
Menus and Toolbars

Command Menus
The active components of menu bars change depending on the active window and current selections. There are now five different collections of menu commands.
Menu Bar Default Book Display View-Only Book View-Only Display Function Displays when no documents are active Displays when a PI ProcessBook workbook is active Displays when a PI ProcessBook display document is active Displays when PI ProcessBook is running in no-edit mode and a PI ProcessBook workbook is active. Displays when PI ProcessBook is running in no-edit mode and a display or workbook document is active.
Toolbars
Standardcontains standard Windows and ProcessBook commands, including buttons
for new, open, save, print, copy, paste, undo, tag search, trend cursor, trend display, zoom, layers, and help
VBAprovides access to the VBA automation environment
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Menus and Toolbars
Drawingfor drawing symbols. Also includes Build/Run mode selectors Context Display Menucontains commands that appear in the context menu for display
windows
Context Book Menuappear in the context menu for Table of Contents windows Full Screenallows you to view your workspace in full screen mode Time Rangefor manipulating time in Run mode Symbol Formattingnew in version 3.1, this toolbar contains buttons for formatting
fonts, colors, and line styles. PI ProcessBook also includes the now deprecated Formatting toolbar to support backwards compatibility
Layoutprovides controls to affect the layout of selected symbols on a display
Customize Toolbars Toolbars may be displayed or omitted as follows: 1. Choose View > Toolbars. The Toolbars tab of the Customize dialog opens. 2. Check the toolbars you wish to display, and click OK. 3. To move a toolbar, click on the double vertical bar at the left end and drag to the new location. If the toolbar has no move handle, click on the title bar instead. 4. To reshape a floating toolbar (one without move handles), grab one of its edges and drag to a new shape.
Toolbar Buttons
Many of the menu commands in PI ProcessBook can be selected by clicking a button on a toolbar. To determine the use of a button on a toolbar, hover the mouse pointer over the button. A small text window appears. You can configure toolbars to display as view-only to omit unnecessary buttons. View-only toolbars and others can be specified in procbook.ini (page 196).
Add Buttons to Toolbars You can change the icons that appear on the toolbars or create your own custom toolbar. 1. Choose View > Toolbars. 2. From the Commands tab of the Toolbars dialog, you can select a particular toolbar in the dialog and drag buttons to existing toolbars in your PI ProcessBook window. 3. While the Commands tab is open, you can also drag buttons off of a toolbar to remove them from your window.
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Preference Settings
You can reach the ProcessBook Preferences dialog by choosing Tools > Preferences. Preference settings determine how the ProcessBook entries look, what colors are available when you draw, and whether your ProcessBook opens in Book View or Outline View.
Note: Preference settings are stored in the file procbook.ini. Before you change the Preference settings, consider creating a back-up copy of procbook.ini so that you can restore PI ProcessBook to the original settings.
General Preferences
Choose Tools > Preferences > General tab to configure application-wide settings. These settings are stored in and retrieved from the [STARTUP] section of your procbook.ini (page 196) file.
AuthorDetermines the name used as the creator of new files and the person who lasted edited the file. See Summary Information in Processbook (page 47) for more information. This field is blank by default when PI ProcessBook is first installed on a computer. Startup FileThe file name and path in this field determine which, if any, file is open when the application is launched. The default value when PI ProcessBook is first installed is <installation path>\procbook\pidemo.piw. Library FileThe file name and path in this field determine which, if any, file is opened when the original symbol library command is used. The default value when PI ProcessBook is first installed is <installation path>\procbook\symlibry.piw. Prefer Run ModeDetermines whether ProcessBook starts up in Run mode or Build mode by default. By default, this option is enabled when PI ProcessBook is first installed on a computer.
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Preference Settings
Create Backup FilesDetermines whether backup files (with a .bak extension) are automatically created when a PI ProcessBook file is opened. By default, this option is turned off when PI ProcessBook is first installed on a computer. Retain snapshot values on updating plotsDetermines whether the archive event pipe is used for updating trends, discarding any snapshot values between stored, archive values. This setting is stored as PB2TraceCompatibility in the [STARTUP] section of your procbook.ini. By default, this option is turned on when PI ProcessBook is first installed on a computer. Leaving this option selected results in a more jagged trace that gets smoothed when the display is reopened or the trend is reverted. Date and Time FormatSettings in this area determine how time is displayed in PI ProcessBook. Previews of each format are shown to help you select the desired option.
The Use local Windows format option uses the current Regional Options settings in the
Windows Control Panel on the client machine to determine how dates and times are displayed. Dates are shown using the currently configured Short Date format and Times are shown using the current time format settings.
The Use PI Time Format option displays timestamps in the default PI format of dd-
mmm-yy HH:mm:ss.ssss, where dd is the day of the month, mmm is a the short text abbreviation of the month name (e.g., Jan for January), yy is the two digit year, HH is the hour in 24-hour format, mm is the minute and ss.sss is the second, including subseconds, if present. Default Time ZoneDetermines whether timestamps reflect the time zone of the PI Server used to retrieve data (PI Server time zone), or the time zone of the local computer (Client machine time zone), when a new display is created. By default, the PI Server option is selected when PI ProcessBook is first installed on a computer. This setting can also be changed and is stored with each display.
Table of Contents Preferences

Choose Tools > Preferences > Table of Contents tab to configure the default view of Table of Contents windows for ProcessBook(PIW) files, as well as the font applied to each level of entry in those files. These settings are stored in and retrieved from your procbook.ini (page 196) file.
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Default ViewSettings in this area determine how ProcessBook entries are displayed by default. The default is Book view. Font SettingsThe controls in this area determine the font settings applied to each entry level in a ProcessBook. The font settings control the display of entry names in Table of Contents windows.
The Entry level field allows you to select the level to configure. You can only select one
level at a time.
The Font field lists all the fonts installed on the computer running PI ProcesBook. The Size field determines the size of the text. The first time ProcessBook is installed, the
current Windows system font determines the default font settings to use.
The Font style group determines whether text is shown in bold or italic.
PreviewThis read-only field displays font settings for each level in a ProcessBook. Each of the 10 possible entry levels is listed and displayed with its current font name, and style settings.
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Preference Settings
Display Window
Choose Tools > Preferences > Display Window tab to set options that apply to display windows. These settings are stored in and retrieved from your procbook.ini (page 196) file.
Preserve Aspect Ratio on resizeDetermines whether display element sizes change in proportion to the window size when a window is resized. When the check box contains a check mark (is selected), the aspect ratio is preserved and the display element sizes change in proportion to the window size. Show Symbol ToolTipsDetermines whether ToolTips are displayed on display symbols. ToolTips appear for toolbar buttons regardless of this setting's value. By default, this option is turned on when PI ProcessBook is first installed on a computer. Show Value AttributesDetermines whether icons are displayed for Value Attribute flags on PI data. This option is turned on when PI ProcessBook is first installed on a computer. Run mode scrollingDetermines the scroll bar behavior of display windows in Run mode. Build mode scrollingDetermines the scroll bar behavior of display windows in Build mode.
On Off Automatic Display contains scroll bars all the time. Scroll bars never appear. Scroll bars appear when needed (this is the default setting for new displays).
Color PaletteThese fields present the 16 colors selected for use throughout the application as the basic colors for the color well control.
Use the Modify button to launch the Color dialog, where you can select additional
colors.
Use the Reset button to return the Color Palette to system default values.
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Default Display Background ColorDetermines the default color used for new displays. The color well control is used to select a color. This color is also set when the Background color of the current display is changed. Symbol Defaultscontains fields to set the default formatting values for new symbols. These defaults are also changed when the Formatting controls are used and no symbols are selected.
Trend Preferences
Choose Tools > Preferences > Trend tab to set default settings for trend symbol display options.
DisplayCheck or uncheck these options to configure what information a trend displays by default.
AutoScaleSelect this check box if you want trends to be scaled as tag values change
over time. If you do not select this check box, then trends use the Database scale for each tag.
Plot TitleSelect this check box if you want a title to display. Vert. Scale Ins. Axis(Vertical Scale Inside Axis)Select this check box to display the
numeric scale inside the axis. If you do not select this check box the scale displays outside the axis. Note that the value scale is drawn horizontally when the trend orientation is vertical.
GridsSelect to display grid lines.
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Preference Settings
Multiple ScalesAdd a value scale for each data point when selected. When the check
box is cleared, only a single value scale appears.

MarkersSelect the Markers check box if you want markers to indicate data points on
the trend. If you do not select the Markers check box three markers display on each line. These markers help you match a line to a tag. LegendSelect or clear these options to configure what information appears in the trend legends. The information that can fit in the legend is determined by the size of the trend. Consequently, not all of the information in the legend may be visible:
If the width of the legend is more than the width of the trend the legend does not appear. If the height of the text in the legend is longer than the total height of the trend, items are
removed in this order: engineering units, tag name, then value. Options include:
Tag Name Server Name Value Description Eng Units
SampleUse this display area to view a preview of selected trend preferences.
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Trend Elements Preferences

Choose Tools > Preferences > Trend Elements tab to set what colors, LineStyles, etc., are used in individual traces.
Plot ElementsUse the drop down list to select from pens, text, grids, and backgrounds,
Multi-State on Ad HocSelect this check box to draw an ad hoc (instant) trend of a
Multi-State symbol. When this option is cleared, data from a multi-state configruation is not included on instant trends.
Traces per Ad Hoc TrendSelect the number of traces to have per plot on an ad hoc
(instant) trend. The default is 3, the maximum is 8. Once this number is reached, additional plots are created to show the remaining tags selected for the instant trend. For each plot element, select a Marker Type, Line Style, Line Weight, and Color.
Note: You may select one of several line styles for each trace. You can also specify the line thickness. Select none to omit a grid line.
SampleSee your changes previewed in the Sample area at the bottom of the dialog.
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Add-Ins
Add-Ins
By default, PI ProcessBook installs with the following add-in components:
Details (page 135)Enables a docking window that displays data from dynamic symbols
in a tabular format.
Module Context (page 72)Gives you access to the Module Database, allowing you to
use aliases as a data source for dynamic symbols.

ProcessBook SVG File ConverterEnables you to save displays as SVG files, which can
then be used by RtWebParts.

ToolTip Statistics (page 68)Allows you to see ToolTip statistics directly in dynamic
symbols.
Data Favorites (page 26)Provides a way to configure symbols in ProcessBook by
dropping a PI tag name (or other data reference) from a list onto the symbol. Other add-ins are installed with PI ProcessBook, however, don't become available until you add additional applications:
PI Notifications (page 26)Enables a docking window that contains the notification
viewer control.
Add-In Manager
The Add-In Manager lists the Add-Ins (page 25) available in your PI ProcessBook installation. Use this dialog to control whether the add-ins are loaded whenever you use PI ProcessBook. 1. Choose Tools > Add-in Manager. The Add-In Manager dialog appears.
2. Click an available add-in from the Available Add-Ins list. 3. A description of what the add-in does appears in the Description box.
4. Under Load Behavior, select the appropriate check boxes: Loaded/UnloadedLoads or unloads the selected add-in. The add-in's current status appears in the Load Behavior column at the top. Load on StartupLoads selected add-in on startup of development environment. The add-in's current status appears in the Load Behavior column at the top. Command LineLoads the selected add-in when the development environment is started from the command prompt or from a script.
5. Click OK to complete the action and close the dialog.

Note: If the add-in is unloaded and then reloaded, you must click the Revert toolbar button to re-synchronize any symbols using the add-in.
PI Notifications in ProcessBook
The PI Notifications add-in to PI ProcessBook is a docking window that contains the notification viewer control. ProcessBook automatically loads the PI Notifications add-in at startup. The notification viewer control itself first opens to show all the active notifications to which the current user is subscribed. A notification rule is shown as a parent node and its notifications are shown indented below it. The criteria for which notifications to show can be changed and the columns can be sorted by clicking on the heading. When you click on a notification, the time range context (start and end time) is automatically passed to the current active display. Additionally, a button above the notification viewer control allows you to open content in the AF database associated with the currently selected notification rule (which is the parent of the selected notification). If no content has been associated with the notification rule, then a new display is created and a trend of the inputs and outputs is created. In PI System explorer, you can select an existing ProcessBook display and attach it in an email. The PI Notifications Help file is included with your PI ProcessBook installation. You can find it in the PIPC\HELP directory on your hard drive, typically located here: C:\Program Files\PIPC\HELP\
Data Favorites Add-In

The Data Favorites add-in is delivered with PI ProcessBook version 3.1 or higher. It provides a way to configure symbols in PI ProcessBook by dropping a PI tag name (or other data reference) from a list onto the symbol. The add-in can be unloaded or set not to load at startup by changing the options in the Add-in Manager dialog box. When the Data Favorites add-in is first loaded, its window appears in the upper left corner of the PI ProcessBook application window. The window is only accessible in Build mode. If the window is closed, it can be re-opened by selecting Data Favorites from the View menu.
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Add-Ins
There are a few panels within the Data Favorites window:

SearchProvides controls for searching for PI Tags or other data references. FavoritesProvides controls for manipulating the list of favorite data references. Note: The Favorites list is saved per user, so when a different user opens PI ProcessBook on the same machine, their list may be different.
Set Default Symbols The symbol button controls which symbol is created when data references are dropped on an empty area of the display. To set the default symbol, click the Default Symbol button and select an option from the drop-down list. The symbols are:
BarWhen Bar symbols are created, the formatting selected the last time the Define
Bar dialog was used is applied.

TrendTrend symbols have defaults defined in the procbook.ini file. ValueWhen Value symbols are created, the formatting selected the last time the
Define Value dialog was used is applied.

XYPlotXYPlot symbols have defaults defined in the procbook.ini file. For
XYPlot symbols, the first selected tag/data reference is used for the X tag. If the selected symbol type does not support the data type of the dropped PI Tag, a value symbol is drawn instead. Drag List Items onto a Trend When search results or favorites are dropped on an existing Trend or XYPlot symbol in Build mode, traces are added the same way they would be if they were added via script. The add-in also supports dropping traces onto trend type symbols that are part of a composite symbol. Drag List Items onto a Display When search results or favorites are dropped on a blank area of a display in Build mode, symbols of the selected type are added the same way they would be if they were added via script. If the dropped selection contains multiple data references (for example, multiple tags) and the Bar or Value symbol is selected, a symbol is created for each one, slightly offset from each other, in cascading windows. Process Drags Between PI ProcessBook and Outside Applications The Data Favorites add-in supports tag list drags in the following formats:
One row of tags separated by either a semi-colon or tab delimiter Multiple rows (row delimited by a new line) of at least two columns which are delimited
by either a tab or a semi-colon. Only one delimiter is used, and while there can be more than two columns in the dragged rows, only the first two columns are used. The first column must be the tag name, the second column may be an optional tag descriptor. Drags can come from any application that supports the text clipboard format.
Import or Export Data Favorites You can import or export data favorites. To import favorites: Right-click in the Datasource list in the Search panel, and click Import Favorites. Then select an text file to import. To export favorites: Right-click in the Datasource list in the Search panel, and click Export Favorites. Then name the export file to save.
Keyboard Shortcuts
A keyboard shortcut is a combination of keystrokes to use for frequent actions. Several of these are already assigned in PI ProcessBook. They appear to the right of the corresponding menu command on the drop-down menus. PI ProcessBook lets you assign new combinations of keystrokes or change existing ones. For example you can:
Assign a keyboard shortcut for inserting symbols without needing multiple mouse clicks. Assign more than one keyboard shortcut to a specific action. Change an existing shortcut, such as Ctrl+S, to another sequence you prefer.
Assign a Keyboard Shortcut

1. Choose View > Assign Shortcuts. The Shortcut Keys dialog appears.
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Print
2. Under Select a macro, click the appropriate macro (menu item). The description for that item and its assigned shortcuts, if any, appears. 3. Click the Create Shortcut button.
The Assign Shortcut dialog appears. 4. In the Press new shortcut key box, type the key you wish to use for the shortcut.
Note: If you choose a combination already in use, the current assignment appears in the dialog. If you click OK, the previous assignment is voided.
5. Click OK. The new shortcut appears in the Assigned shortcuts box.
Note: If you want to reset all the keyboard shortcuts to their original positions when PI ProcessBook was installed, click the Reset All button, and then the OK button.
Remove a Keyboard Shortcut

1. In the Shortcut Keys dialog, under the Select a macro list, select the appropriate macro (menu item). The description for that item and its assigned shortcuts, if any, appears. 2. Under Assigned shortcuts, select the shortcut you want to remove, and then click the Remove button. 3. Click OK.
Print
When you print from a ProcessBook, you can:

In Outline view, print a list of the ProcessBook contents or selected displays. In Book view, print a list of the entire book or a selected tab section.
Print the entire contents of a display or selected items from that window.
You can also set various printing options, such as the number of copies. Each topic in the help file may be printed separately or you can print them all at once. The Print command is accessible from the File menu, CTRL+P, or the print button. You can print the contents of the active window or if you select items within a display before you open the Print dialog, then you can choose to print only those items.
Note: On a non-color printer, symbols are printed in shades of gray, but trends revert to black and white. On some printers, when you print a trend with cursors, the value and time stamp boxes of the cursor does not hide the information beneath them. However, other trend cursors and the trend time scale may show through the trend cursor boxes, making the values hard to read.
Page Setup for Printing

You can select the particular printer, the orientation of the paper, the paper size, and the source within the printer of the paper. Use the Properties button to fine-tune the quality of output or the performance of the printer. The settings you choose in Page Setup become the defaults for all your printing.
Note: PI ProcessBook supports dot matrix, HP PCL (LaserJet), Postscript, and color printers. However, all Windows print drivers may not be compatible. If you are not sure if your printer is supported or you observe any printing problems, contact OSIsoft Technical Support (http://techsupport.osisoft.com).
Preview Before Printing
Print Preview displays your selection as it will look when it is printed. Note that the Print Preview shows colors even though you may be using a black and white printer. Once you select the item you want to preview, choose File > Print Preview. Zoom in or out of the selection by clicking on the selection with the magnifier cursor or by clicking the Zoom buttons. To print the selection, click the Print button.
Printer Setup
Select Print Setup to choose a printer, page orientation, and paper size. In addition, you can fine-tune the quality of output or the performance of your printer. The settings you choose in Print Setup become the defaults for all your printing. 1. Choose File > Page Setup. The Print Setup dialog appears.
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About PI ProcessBook
2. Select the printer, orientation, and paper size and source.

Note: PI ProcessBook supports dot matrix, HP PCL (LaserJet), Postscript, and color printers. However, all Windows print drivers may not be compatible. If you are not sure if your printer is supported or you observe any printing problems, contact OSIsoft Technical Support.
3. Click the Properties button to select printer-specific options. Refer to your printer documentation for additional information about these options.
About PI ProcessBook
You can launch the About PI ProcessBook dialog by clicking Help > About PI ProcessBook.
The dialog provides version and build information, as well as a link to the OSIsoft tech support site. Click Copy Info to copy the contents of the grid control to your Windows clipboard where it can be pasted into a spreadsheet or text editor. Click System Info to launch the Microsoft System Information dialog.
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Using Online Help

Click F1 or go to the Help menu and select PI ProcessBook help. The Help file appears in a separate window. Across the top of the Help window are several buttons:
Click Hide to remove the Table of Contents. Click Show button to display the Table of Contents. Click Print to print a topic.
Click the Index tab to view an alphabetical list of items. Begin typing the word you want to reach it quickly in the list. When you select a term and click Display, you see either a topic or a list of topics. Click the Search tab to look for particular words or topics. Click green text that has a solid underline to jump to a related topic. Click green text that has a dotted underline to open a small window that contains a definition of the underlined text. Click the Back button to return.
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Chapter 3
Work with a ProcessBook

Basic Steps to Build a ProcessBook
There are five basic steps to creating a ProcessBook: 1. Create and save a ProcessBook. 2. Add, organize, and edit entry titles. 3. Design a detailed display for each display entry title, using the drawing tools to create schematics or other drawings with trends, bars, and values. To import outside data, add OLE objects and values from data set queries. 4. Format trends and make other adjustments to each display to present your data in the most useful manner. 5. Save the completed ProcessBook and install it wherever it is needed.
Note: In some installations, the System Administrator may set your PI ProcessBook to View Only (page 205) mode. If so, you cannot create and save new ProcessBooks.
Create a New ProcessBook

Before you create a ProcessBook, you should consider planning an organizational structure and a naming convention for the ProcessBook and the entries within it. When you create and save a new ProcessBook, the application initially gives it the title Book1, where 1 represents the number of ProcessBooks created during the current session. PI ProcessBook also creates a file name for the new ProcessBook. It suggests the first word from your title and an extension of .piw. For example, PI ProcessBook may suggest Filtrat1.PIW. If you plan to build an entire set of ProcessBooks, you might choose to modify it in Windows Explorer to sort your set of ProcessBooks in some meaningful order, such as 05FiltrP.PIW. 1. In Build mode, choose File > New. The New dialog appears. 2. Select ProcessBook (.piw) File. 3. In the ProcessBook Name box, type a name for the new book. 4. Click OK.
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5. A new ProcessBook appears.

Note: If you typed a name in ProcessBook Name box, then the name appears on the ProcessBook title bar. If you did not type a name, then Book1 appears on the title bar.
Open an Existing ProcessBook

1. Choose File > Open, or On the standard toolbar, click the Open button. The Open dialog appears. 2. Click the specific ProcessBook file (.piw) you want to open. 3. Click OK.
Note: Depending on the settings in the ProcessBook Preferences dialog, a default ProcessBook may open automatically when you start PI ProcessBook.
PI ProcessBook keeps track of the four most recently opened ProcessBooks or independent display files. Instead of using File > Open, you may select a file name from the bottom of the File menu.
Open a ProcessBook with a Button
You can place this button on a toolbar and use it to open another ProcessBook of your choice. 1. Choose View > Toolbars. 2. Select the Commands tab. 3. Under Categories, select Supplemental toolbar. 4. Drag the icon shown above to one of your toolbars. 5. Choose Tools > Preferences. The ProcessBook Preferences dialog opens. 6. Click the General (page 18) tab. 7. In the Library File box enter the location of a ProcessBook and click OK. This links the button to that ProcessBook.
Note: By default, this button links to Symlibry.piw, which opens the original Symbol Library (page 131) book.
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Run Mode Pointer
Work With Multiple ProcessBooks

You can work in multiple ProcessBooks and/or independent display files at the same time. Open additional ProcessBooks using the File menu.
Use the Windows menu to select the ProcessBook title and switch among them. Click inside a ProcessBook window to make it active. Switch among the open windows by pressing CTRL+F6.
Run Mode Pointer

Use the Run Mode pointer for opening and executing displays and their associated commands. To obtain a Run Mode pointer, on the Drawing toolbar, click the Run button Choose Tools > Run. The mouse cursor appears in the shape of a small arrow. , or
Build Mode Pointer

Most of the functions that you use when building a ProcessBook require the Build mode pointer. Use Build mode for building and editing a ProcessBook and for access to symbols and formatting tools. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Build button Choose Tools > Build. The mouse cursor turns into the Build mode pointer.
Note: You can choose Build mode as your preferred mode of operation by setting this preference in the General tab (page 18) of the ProcessBook Preferences dialog.
, or
Add ProcessBook Entries

After creating a ProcessBook, the next step is to add individual entries. By arranging and combining displays and other entry types, you can create a complete working environment for plant personnel.
Note: You can add entry titles to a ProcessBook and then complete the detailed design of the entries later.
There are five specific types of entries:

Text (page 36)provides headings or static information Display (page 36)opens a display Linked displays (page 37)links to an independent display file Linked ProcessBook (page 38)links to another entry in any ProcessBook Operating system command (page 39)opens another application.
When you add entries to a ProcessBook in either Outline or Book View, the entries are arranged hierarchically. Subentries are indented under main entries. The name you give each new entry is the name that shows in the ProcessBook. When you create a new entry, it is placed in the ProcessBook just before the selected entry. If no entries are selected, the new entry appears at the end of the current tab section in Book View or at the end of the Outline View. You can press the ESC key to clear all entries.
Create a Text or Display Entry

Use text entries to add labels and clarify text in a ProcessBook. Display entries represent a display in a ProcessBook. 1. Choose File > New. The New dialog appears. 2. Under Type, select ProcessBook Entry. 3. Click OK. 4. The Define ProcessBook Entry dialog appears. 5. In the Label dialog, type a name.
Note: There is no limit to the number of characters you may use, but for headings, you should try to be as brief and descriptive as possible.
6. For the Type, select Text or Display. 7. In the Level list, click the level at which you want to position the entry in the ProcessBook hierarchy of entries, or Type a number between 1 and 10.
Note: If you are creating the first entry in the ProcessBook, the level is automatically set to 1 and cannot be changed.
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8. Click OK. The entry is added to the ProcessBook. If the entry is at Level 1 and you are in Book view, a tab is created using the name of the entry. 9. Click the Save button on the toolbar, or Choose File > Save. If you are creating several entries in one session you may wait to save until the last one is created.
Linked Display Entry

A Linked Display allows you to use a display name to link to an entry elsewhere in the ProcessBook or in another ProcessBook or independent display file. This means that you create and store only one copy of the display. You can then access the same entry from several different locations in one ProcessBook. Or, while you are in one ProcessBook, you can open an entry from another one without having to close the first ProcessBook. The linked entry is not a copy; it is a way of opening the original. The Book View or Outline View shows the title of the linked entry, but the actual display window shows the title of the original entry. If you edit the original from any linked entry, the original is updated and automatically appears updated from all the ProcessBooks in which it is linked. To prevent unexpected updates, you can restrict access to an entry so that only the original entry can be edited and all others to which it is linked are read-only. If the entry resides on a server, you can write-protect the file on the server. If you need more information on restricting access to files, see your System Administrator. Before you create a link to an original entry in a different ProcessBook, the ProcessBook that contains the original (target) entry must be open. Once the link is established, you only need to open the ProcessBook with the Linked Entry. If you want to link to an entry in a second ProcessBook, open the second book. If you want to link to an entry in the current ProcessBook, create the original first and then the link.
Create a Linked Display Entry

1. Choose File > New. The New dialog appears. 2. Under Type, select ProcessBook Entry. 3. Click OK. 4. The Define ProcessBook Entry dialog appears. 5. In the Label dialog, type a name.
6. For the Type, select Link/OS Command.
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7. Click the Browse button, or Click the Browse arrow to see more search options. The Open dialog appears. 8. To link to an independent display file, locate and select the display file (.pdi) to which you want to link and then click the Open button. The display name appears in the Action box. 9. To link to another ProcessBook, locate and select the processbook file (.piw) to which you want to link and click the Open button. The display name appears in the Action box. 10. To link to a display in a ProcessBook, select the Display Search option from the Browse drop-down and enter criteria to locate the display you want within the open files. If the display you want is not in a file that is open, select a different option in the Look in field. When the display is listed in the Display Search dialog, select it and click OK. The name appears in the Action box. 11. In the Level list, click the level at which you want to position the entry in the ProcessBook hierarchy of entries, or Type a number between 1 and 10.
12. Clear the Options check box if you want the absolute path used first.
Note: By default, ProcessBook attempts to open a linked display from its relative path first. If the relative path fails, then the absolute path is checked. Clearing the Use relative path check box reverses the order in which the paths are resolved. For new displays, this option is checked by default.
13. Click OK. A linked display entry icon is added to the outline and book view of the ProcessBook you are developing. 14. Click the Save button. If you are creating several entries, you may wait to save until the last one is entered.
Note: If you need to move the original entry to another directory or ProcessBook, you must redefine the link between the ProcessBooks. If you move both the original and the linked item and the relationship between the two file paths is unchanged, you do not need to relink.
Linked ProcessBook Entries

Similar to a Linked Display, a Linked ProcessBook entry is a link to a different ProcessBook. When you open a linked ProcessBook entry, another ProcessBook is opened. You may open any of the entries in that ProcessBook. Using a Linked ProcessBook entry is the same as opening a ProcessBook using the Open command on the File menu. The same rules apply to Linked ProcessBook entries as to Linked entries.
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Move Linked Entries If you move a linked pair of displays or ProcessBooks to another location and if this move changes the relationship of the two file paths, you need to relink the items.
Operating System Command Entry

An operating system command is used to start another application, such as Microsoft Excel, in addition to PI ProcessBook. For example, you can use an operating system command to link to PI DataLink reports or calculations. You can also create links to CAD drawings, modeling packages, or statistics packages. When you have reports created on a different system, you can convert them to ASCII and, using an operating system command, create a link to Notepad to read the reports. If your company has online Help files for certain procedures, you can create a link to those help files. Your computer must have enough memory to run the applications you want to use in addition to PI ProcessBook. The applications also must be installed on your system. If you do not know whether or not your computer has enough memory, contact your System Administrator.
Create an Operating System Command Entry

1. Choose File > New. The New dialog appears. 2. Under Type, select ProcessBook Entry. 3. Click OK. 4. The Define ProcessBook Entry dialog appears. 5. In the Label dialog, type a name.
6. For the Type, select Link/OS Command. 7. Click the Browse button to the right of the Action box, or Click the Browse arrow and then click Applications. The Open dialog appears. 8. Browse and locate the file to which want to link, and then click the Open button. The application's path/name is displayed in the Action box.
Note: If you know the name of the .exe file for the application, such as C:\excel\Excel.exe for Excel or the path and name of a data file, such as C:\document\report.xls, then you can type the path directly in the Action box.
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9. If you need to specify the location of the executable for the application, click the Browse button to the right of the Working folder box. The Browse for Folder dialog appears. 10. Locate and select the folder that you want to specify for this operating system command, and click OK.
Note: If you know the name of the working folder for this application, then you can type it directly in the Working folder box.
11. In the Level list, click the level at which you want to position the entry in the ProcessBook hierarchy of entries, or Type a number between 1 and 10.
12. By default, ProcessBook attempts to launch an OS command from its relative path first. If the relative path fails, then the absolute path is attempted. To reverse the order, clear the Use relative path before absolute path check box. For new displays, this option is checked by default. 13. If the file specified in the Action box is associated with one application and you want to open it with another, select the Ignore the default shell command for recognized file types check box. This option is normally only used with files such as displays saved as SVG so that they can be opened in PI ProcessBook instead of the associated Viewer application.
Note: If the file type is supported by ProcessBook (either natively or through an addin), then it is opened directly when this option is selecte for a Link or OS command entry. For example, an .svg file is opened using the .svg File Converter in ProcessBook, even if you have Adobe SVG Viewer installed. Clearing this check box disables this behavior, so the default shell command is used to open the file instead.
14. Click OK. An icon for the program you are launching is added to the outline and book view of the ProcessBook and the application opens. Close the application. 15. Click the Save button. If you are creating several entries, you may wait to save until the last one is entered.
Note: If you need to move the original entry to another directory or ProcessBook, you must redefine the link between the ProcessBooks. If you move both the original and the linked item and the relationship between the two file paths is unchanged, you do not need to relink.
Working Directory for Operating System Commands The Define ProcessBook Entry dialog has a text box where you can enter the working directory. The command line recognizes file extension associations.
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Arrange ProcessBook Entries
For example, in the past you needed to enter a command like: C:\EXCEL\EXCEL.EXE C:\MYWORK\MINE.XLS Now you can use a command like: C:\MYWORK\MINE.XLS In other words, if the string works for the Run command under the File menu of the Program Manager, it will work in PI ProcessBook. Some applications that you can access with an operating system command, such as MS Excel, allow only one copy of the application to open, even if you press the command several times.

Once you have created your entry titles, it is a good idea to consider how they are arranged in your ProcessBook. Each ProcessBook gives two possible views of your entry titles, Book View (page 41) and Outline View (page 44). You can have up to 10 levels of entries in a ProcessBook, but levels 3 to 10 are displayed in Book View as though they were at the same level. There is no limit to the number of tabs you may have in a Book. However, as you add tabs or reduce the size of the ProcessBook, the tabs are stacked to the right of the Book. This might make the ProcessBook difficult to read in Book View. Whether you are in Outline View or Book View, you can edit and rearrange entries, or delete entries altogether. Some functions are performed the same regardless of the view in which you are working. Book View is a useful organizational tool when your ProcessBook has only a few dozen displays. If your ProcessBook is large and contains many displays, Outline View is faster and easier to use. If no ProcessBook or independent display has been selected in your Preference settings, choose File > Open or File > Create to open or initiate a file.
Book View
In Book View , the ProcessBook displays as a loose-leaf binder.
Tabs indicate major divisions in the ProcessBook. Each tab section has a heading, which may be any ProcessBook entry. The entry title is used as the tab name. A tab section may contain several pages of entries representing different types of information. When you create a first-level entry in Book View, the name becomes the label for the section tab. If the entry is the first entry you have added to the ProcessBook, the entry level is automatically set at 1. Subsequent sub-entries are listed below the main entry. When you select another first level entry, a new page is created with a new tab. Displays within a tab section are typically arranged in a hierarchical fashion. For example, a display that includes a boiler, a condenser, and a pump may be at the top level of a tab
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section. The boiler, the condenser, and the pump may be separate displays that are arranged underneath the summary display. Each of these displays can have several displays for their components.
Book View
Turn Pages in Book View 1. Choose View > Book to view a ProcessBook in Book View (page 41). Notice the top right corner of the page is divided into two small triangles 2. Click the upper triangle to move forward one page, or Click the lower triangle to move backward a page. A dark gray triangle indicates there are no more pages in that direction. 3. Click the tabs along the right-hand side to move quickly between sections of a ProcessBook. .
Resize a ProcessBook 1. Click and drag on the frame of a ProcessBook until the window is the size you want. As you make a window smaller, the ProcessBook is resized so you can still see all of the tabs. If the window becomes too small to display all the members of a group of displays, the displays are moved to new pages. 2. If the ProcessBook window becomes too small, all the tabs behind the first tab are collapsed into one tab labeled More. Click the More tab to display a pop-up list of the other tab sections.
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Entries in Book View When you create a first level entry in Book View, the name becomes the label for the section tab. If the entry is the first entry you have added to the ProcessBook, the entry level is automatically set at 1. Subsequent sub-entries are listed below the main entry. When you select another first level entry, a new page is created with a new tab. Change the Name of an Entry in Book View 1. Choose View > Book to view a ProcessBook in Book View (page 41). 2. In Build mode, double-click the entry you want to change. The Define ProcessBook Entry dialog appears. 3. In the Label text box, type a new name. 4. Click OK. Change the Level of an Entry in Book View 1. Choose View > Book to view a ProcessBook in Book View (page 41). 2. In Build mode, double-click the entry you want to change. The Define ProcessBook Entry dialog appears. 3. In the Level list, click the level at which you want to reposition the entry in the ProcessBook hierarchy of entries, or Type a number between 1 and 10. 4. Click OK.
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Outline View
In Outline view , ProcessBook displays are arranged hierarchically on a page.
Choose View > Outline to display a ProcessBook as an outline. When you are in Outline View, a set of buttons is added to the active ProcessBook window to collapse or expand the outline. You may need to resize the window so all the buttons are visible. Use the horizontal and vertical scroll bars to see all entries in the outline. Hierarchies of entries may be revised by dragging entries from one location to another, or by promoting and demoting entries.
Outline View
Collapse or Expand Outline View You can collapse or expand sections of the outline to view the list of displays in a meaningful manner. 1. Choose View > Outline to view a ProcessBook in Outline View (page 44). 2. Click the black plus sign to the left of an entry to expand it. This shows additional displays that are subordinate to the selected display. Collapsed View:
-orClick the transparent plus sign to collapse the list of subordinate displays.
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Expanded View:
Note: You can change the font for each level in Outline View in the ProcessBook Preferences (page 18) dialog.
Rearrange Entries in Outline View In Build mode, click and drag the entry name up or down (not sideways) to a new location. A dotted line indicates the location of the entry you are moving. Alternatively, you can use the four buttons at the top left of the window as follows: Promote highlighted entry Demote highlighted entry Move highlighted entry up Move highlighted entry down
Change the Name of an Entry in Outline View 1. Choose View > Outline. 2. In Build mode, click the entry you want to change. 3. Choose Edit > Selected Item. The Define ProcessBook Entry dialog appears. 4. In the Label box, type a new name. 5. Click OK.
Change the Level of an Entry in Outline View 1. Choose View > Outline. 2. In Build mode, click the entry you want to change. 3. Choose Edit > Selected Item. The Define ProcessBook Entry dialog appears. 4. In the Level list, click the level at which you want to reposition the entry in the ProcessBook hierarchy of entries. -orType a number between 1 and 10. 5. Click OK.
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Copy and Paste an Entry

1. Click on the Build Mode pointer and select the entry. 2. Click the Copy button. This copies the selection to the clipboard. 3. If it is not already open, open the ProcessBook where you want to paste the entry. 4. Click the Paste button. This copies the contents of the clipboard to your ProcessBook. A copy of the original entry is created, not a link to the original.
Note: If you highlight an entry first, the new entry is placed above the highlighted entry.
Remove an Entry
1. In Build mode, select an entry title in either Book View or Outline View. 2. Press the DELETE key. The entry is removed from the ProcessBook.
Note: If you accidentally delete the wrong entry choose Edit > Undo.
Save a View of Your Displays

If you frequently work with several specific displays in a ProcessBook, open the displays and arrange them in the workspace as you would like them. Save the ProcessBook. When you reopen the displays, they will be in the same position as when you closed them.
Save and Close a ProcessBook

After creating a ProcessBook, it is a good idea to name the file and save it immediately. It is also important to save a ProcessBook periodically while you are working in it. When you save a ProcessBook, all changes to all entries and to the organizational structure are stored permanently. The ProcessBook remains open in your workspace so you can continue working. 1. To save a ProcessBook for the first time, choose File > Save or Save As. The Save As dialog appears. 2. Type a name for the ProcessBook file. A .piw extension is automatically added. 3. Select the drive and directory where you want to save it. 4. Click OK.
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Properties
Properties
Summary Information in ProcessBook
Choose File > Properties to display the Summary Information dialog for a file. The Summary Information dialog you see is the same for the ProcessBook as a whole or for the individual displays.
Summary Information dialog
The following table describes the fields in the Summary Information dialog:
Field Name Author Description Extracted from the Author field on the Start tab in the ProcessBook Preferences dialog at the time the ProcessBook is first saved.
Note: You can change the Author field in either the Summary Information dialog or the ProcessBook Preferences dialog.
Title Subject Keywords Comments Properties button Name of the ProcessBook (extracted from the original creation of the ProcessBook). May be used to explain the title more fully. May be added at any time. There will soon be search capabilities associated with keywords. May be used for any text entry. You can revise this field at any time. Clicking the Properties button displays the PI ProcessBook Properties (page 48) dialog, which gives information about the view currently in the active window.
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PI ProcessBook File Properties

1. Choose File > Properties to display the Summary Information (page 47) dialog. 2. Click the Properties button. The PI ProcessBook Properties dialog appears.
Note: If you click the Properties button while an display is open, you launch the Display Properties dialog.
The following table describes the fields in the PI ProcessBook Properties dialog:
Field Name Title Created Description Extracted from the Summary Information dialog. Original date and time the ProcessBook was saved.
Note: If the ProcessBook file is moved to another machine, the original date and time will be preserved, however Windows Explorer will show the date and time the file arrived on the present machine.
Created By Extracted from the Author field on the Start tab in the ProcessBook Preferences dialog box. Shows the original author, unless the authors name has been modified in the Summary Information dialog. Most recent revision date and time. Name of the person who saved the ProcessBook most recently. (Extracted from the Author field on the Start tab in the ProcessBook Preferences dialog.) If this field is blank, the PC login name of the author is used. This is useful for tracking who made which revisions. Number of times the ProcessBook has been revised and saved. Total number of entries in the ProcessBook. Total number of operating system command entries in the ProcessBook.
Last Saved Last Saved By
Revision Displays System Commands
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Properties
Modify a ProcessBook Title You can change the name of a ProcessBook at any time. 1. In either Build Mode or Run Mode, choose File > Properties. 2. The Summary Information (page 47) dialog appears. 3. In the Title box, type a new title.
Note: The ProcessBook title is different from the file name established in the New dialog when you created the new ProcessBook. The title bar on the ProcessBook window displays the file name, which ends in .piw, rather than the title.
4. Click OK.
PI ProcessBook Display Properties

1. With a display window selected, choose File > Properties to display the Summary Information (page 47) dialog. 2. Click the Properties button. The Display Properties dialog appears.
The following table describes the fields in the Display Properties dialog:
Field Name Title Created Description Extracted from the Summary Information dialog. Original date and time the ProcessBook was saved.
Note: If the ProcessBook file is moved to another machine, the original date and time will be preserved, however Windows Explorer will show the date and time the file arrived on the present machine.
Field Name Created By
Description Extracted from the Author field on the Start tab in the ProcessBook Preferences dialog box. Shows the original author, unless the authors name has been modified in the Summary Information dialog. Most recent revision date and time. Name of the person who saved the ProcessBook most recently. (Extracted from the Author field on the Start tab in the ProcessBook Preferences dialog.) If this field is blank, the PC login name of the author is used. This is useful for tracking who made which revisions. Number of times the ProcessBook has been revised and saved. Total number of symbols in the display. Total number of unique PI Points used in the display. The number of display symbols that are dynamic symbols. The number of display symbols that are static symbols. The number of different PI Servers referenced in the display.
Last Saved Last Saved By
Revision Total Symbols Tags Dynamic Symbols Static Symbols Servers Required
Import Files to a ProcessBook

1. To import PIDisDiff or PI-Graphics files into a ProcessBook, start PI ProcessBook. 2. Open a ProcessBook (page 34) into which you want to import the files or create a new ProcessBook. 3. In Build mode, click File > Import. The Import Files dialog appears. 4. Select the file type. 5. Select the drive and directory where the file resides, or Type the path and file name in the File Name box. You can select more than one file at a time. 6. Click the Open button. The status bar displays each file as it is imported. When completed, a message displays the number of files successfully imported. If errors occurred during the import process, a message box is displayed at the end of the import process showing the number of errors. You can check the message log from the Status Report icon at the bottom of your display.
Note: Depending on the size, some files may take several minutes to import.
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File Sharing Capability
When a trend is successfully imported, a new Text display showing the full file name is added to the ProcessBook. Each trend is added as a subordinate display and retains its original trend name. For graphics, the VAX display name becomes the Display name. Once converted, graphics and trends can be edited like any other display.
File Sharing Capability

Several users may access the same ProcessBook file at the same time. However, if one person makes changes to a particular display entry and saves the changes, then other users are blocked from saving changes in that display. This protects against accidental overwrites. If a user has already changed a display, the second user who wishes to make changes to the display receives an error message explaining that someone else has already edited and saved the display. The second user then has two options:
Save the changes under a different ProcessBook name, thus creating two ProcessBooks,
-or Close the ProcessBook and reopen it so that the new version of the display is shown.
Then make changes and save again. Open the Summary Information (page 47) dialog to view the name of the person who has made changes and saved the file most recently.
Move a ProcessBook to Another PC

If you decide to move a ProcessBook to another PC, you may experience some differences in display entry appearance on the new PC:
When the number of colors is different between the original PC and new PC, PI
ProcessBook uses the closest color when drawing an entry. This is true for any graphics you may have included in an entry.
If an entry calls for a font that is not available on the new PC, PI ProcessBook substitutes
a similar font.
If a ProcessBook includes links to other entries, ProcessBooks, or applications, PI
ProcessBook may not be able to locate them if the path on the new PC is not the same as the old one.
Node names (for PI Servers) must be identical. Different monitors have different resolutions, which may distort the appearance of an
existing ProcessBook. PI ProcessBook records both the absolute and relative paths for Linked displays and Linked ProcessBooks. This means you can copy ProcessBooks to new directories without breaking links as long as either all the linked files are placed in a similar directory tree or all the drive, directory, and file names remain the same.
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Chapter 4
Work with a Display

PI ProcessBook provides tools for manipulating and analyzing the information shown in a display. For example, you can:
Display the point attributes of a tag Change the time range that is used for values, bars, trends, and Multi-State symbols Use a Trend Cursor to see the value of plotted tags at a specific point in time Create an instant trend
Overview of Display Elements

Displays contain a variety of individual items, including static elements, buttons, OLE objects, and dynamic elements.
Static Symbols
Static symbols are symbols that do not automatically change as time passes, such as a process diagram or descriptive text. Static symbols include all items in a display that do not connect to the PI Server or other application to retrieve data, and do not start any application. Text labels and flow lines are examples of static symbols. Other types include rectangles, circles, arcs, and images.
Dynamic Symbols
Dynamic symbols are values, bars, trends, XYPlots, and Multi-State Symbols (such as a pump) that change over time, that are based on the value of a tag in the PI Archive. If you wish to see how a dynamic symbol was defined, select it and click the Item Definition button on the Drawing toolbar. Dynamic symbols may also report data from outside databases through queries. If you rest your mouse on a value, bar, or Multi-State Symbol, you can see a ToolTip with the current value, tag name, and time stamp. Icons for questionable, substituted, and annotated PI data can also appear on your displays. Most point types can be used with any dynamic symbol. There are some restrictions on string and timestamp data. PI ProcessBook handles a full range of PI Server data types, as shown in this table:
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Work with a Display
Point Type Digital
How It Is Used Used for points whose value can only be one of several discrete states, such as ON/OFF or Red/Green/Yellow. Nearest equivalent to the PI 2.x Digital type. PI ProcessBook supports these as integers. Used for points whose values are 15-bit unsigned integers (0 to 32767). Nearest equivalent to the PI 2.x Integer type. Negative integer values are supported. Used for points whose values are 32-bit signed integers (- 2147450880 to 2147483647). PI reserves some values. Used for floating point values, scaled. The accuracy is one part in 32767. Nearest equivalent to the PI 2.x Real type. Used for single-precision floating- point values, not scaled. Used for double-precision floating- point values, not scaled. Each string event represents an ad- hoc state in a series. Used to store string data of up to 976 characters.
PB Support As currently supported
Int16
As Integers are currently supported
Int32
Support negative Integer values
Float16
As Floats are currently supported As Floats are currently supported As Floats are currently supported Each string event represents an ad-hoc state in a series; not supported on logarithmic traces, multi-states, or bar symbols. Not supported Plotted as seconds over a given range. Not supported for logarithmic traces, multi-states, or bar symbols.
Float32 Float64 String
Blob Timestamp
Binary large object Used to store any type of binary data up to 976 bytes. Plotted as seconds over a given range. Not supported for logarithmic traces. Used to store values of type Timestamp. Any Time/Date in the Range 1-jan-1970 to 1-Jan-2038
Buttons
Buttons are elements that create a link to other applications, such as a calculator or word processor, or other ProcessBooks or displays. You can also use buttons to execute a script. For example, if you find you work in a particular display and frequently need to update a report with the information you are monitoring, you can add a button that automatically opens a spreadsheet program. You also can use a button to connect to frequently used displays, other ProcessBooks, or Web sites.
OLE Objects
OLE objects include information from outside applications, such as text, spreadsheets, or graphics. This information may be configured to update dynamically. OLE objects may be either linked (page 176) or embedded (page 175) into displays.
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Manage Displays and Independent Display Files

Open a Display
Use any of these procedures to open a display from either Book View (page 41) or Outline View (page 44) of a ProcessBook:
Click on the display title, then on the New button to open the selected display in a new
window.
Click on the display title, then on the Open button to open the display into the last
display window you used. If none are open, a display window opens.
With the Run Mode pointer, double-click the display. The display opens and appears
within an existing window, if possible.

Click and drag the display title to an unused area in the application workspace and release
the mouse. This opens a new display in addition to already opened displays. If you drag the display on top of an open display, it closes that display while opening the dragged display.
To use the keyboard instead of the mouse, use CTRL+F6, to select the ProcessBook, then
use the up or down arrow keys to select the display title. Press Enter. If you have more than one display open, it replaces the open display with the new display. Pressing CTRL+N is the same as clicking the New button. If the display is a Display, Linked Display, or Linked ProcessBook, the display is opened and the contents are displayed on your workspace. If the display is an Operating System Command, the command is executed or the application is started.
Note: If you click on an Operating System Command more than once in the same session, it may run the application repeatedly. This depends on the application and how it has been set up.
Displays re-open in the same position, size, and shape as when they were last saved. Open Several Displays at One Time In addition to the procedures for opening a display, you can also open multiple displays simultaneously. Press SHIFT while highlighting the displays you want to open in Outline view. Click the New button at the bottom of the list of displays. Each display or linked display is opened in your workspace. Manage Multiple Open Displays Just as you can work with multiple ProcessBooks, you can have multiple displays open in the work area. To make a display active, click in the display window or press CTRL+F6 to toggle between open displays. To improve viewing when there are multiple open displays, choose:
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Work with a Display
Window > CascadeThe titles of all open displays and ProcessBooks appear in a
cascaded list down the screen.

Window > TileAll open displays and ProcessBooks appear in a tiled view. Window > <display title>The selected display is active.
Open Independent Display Files Independent Display Files use a .pdi extension in the file name. When you double-click on a display file in Windows Explorer, a copy of the PI ProcessBook application installed on your PC opens, just as it would if you double-clicked on a .piw file. The independent display appears inside the application.
Browse a Display from Internet Explorer

You can select a .pdi file and look at it in Internet Explorer. PI ProcessBook menus and toolbars appear in the Internet Explorer window. This is similar to embedding a display in Excel, except that the display becomes the entire Internet Explorer document. The display is updated as it would be within a PI ProcessBook.
Zoom Display Size

Use the Zoom command to change the size of the drawing within a display window. 1. Choose View > Zoom 2. Click a percentage, or Type a number in the Custom text box to enlarge or reduce the drawing. The Custom text box displays the current Scale Factor. Typing a number greater than the current Scale Factor enlarges the drawing; typing a number less than the current Scale Factor reduces it. 3. Select Fit all symbols to resize all the symbols in a display to fit within the window. If you want only specific symbols to fit within the display window, select the symbols, and then select Fit Selected Symbols. The items in the display resize and take up the entire window. OLE objects are not included. 4. Click OK to accept your changes.
Note: There is also a zoom level combo box on the Standard toolbar this to enter or select a scale factor, or choose Fit All. . Use
. The Zoom dialog appears.
To resize the window to fill the monitor, click the Maximize button in the upper right
hand corner of your display window. When you maximize a display, all open windows are maximized. You can also drag the edge or corner of the window to the desired size.
To minimize the display again, click the Minimize button in the upper right hand corner
of your display window.
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Note: If you have your Preference setting for Preserve Aspect Ratio check box selected, the contents of the display resize as you resize the window. If this option is not enabled, the size of each element in the display does not change as you change the window size.
Full Screen Mode

1. Click the Full Screen button on the Full Screen toolbar the display enlarges to fit the screen. . Other toolbars vanish and
2. Click the Full Screen button again to restore your toolbars. A default keyboard shortcut of F11 also toggles between Full Screen and Normal presentations.
Note: You can customize the Full Screen toolbar to contain other buttons to use with a Full Screen display.
Search for a Display

1. Open the ProcessBooks (page 34) you want to search. 2. Choose Tools > Display Search & Run. The Display Search dialog appears.
3. In the Name box, type one or more of the letters of the display name. 4. In the Look in drop-down list, click the location you want to search. -orIn the drop-down list, click Browse, and then locate the appropriate folder. 5. Select the Look in subfolders check box (optional). 6. Click the Search button. 7. The search results are displayed under Results. 8. Under Filename, click the display you want to open and then click OK.
Work with a Display
Reduce a Display to an Icon to Save Space

If you find your work area cluttered with many open displays, you can reduce a display to an icon by clicking its Minimize button. Even though the display is minimized, it continues to be updated with information from the PI Server, however the results are not shown until the window is restored. When you want to use the display, double-click the icon.
Save a Display
A display may be saved within a ProcessBook or as an independent file (.pdi). 1. Choose File > Save or Save As. 2. From the Save as type drop-down box, select one of the following six formats. The default is .pdi: .pdiDisplay file. If you select this format your display becomes an independent file that updates under certain circumstances and that can be browsed via Internet Explorer. .svgSVG file for Web use. If you select this format it becomes the default file type when saving files later. PI ProcessBook 3.0 or higher only supports version 3.0 or higher of the SVG add-in. See the SVG add-in release notes for more information.
The last four file types are graphics formats and do not update. If you choose one of the graphic formats, the display in focus is unchanged by the Save-As operation. The display is left open and remains in the same mode (Run or Build). .jpgJPG-JPEG-JFIF compliant .bmp32-bit Bitmap .wmfWindows Metafile .pngCompuServe Portable Network Graphics
Display Settings
Choose Edit > Display, or
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Double-click the Time Zone setting in the Status bar. The Display Settings dialog appears.
Background ColorThe color applied to the area of the display where there are no symbols. This field uses a color well control to provide color choices. The color selected in this field also becomes the default background color for new displays. Time ZoneThis field determines whether the local computer or PI Server time zone is used for interpreting dates and times. ConnectorsThe Enable Connector Attachments check box allows a symbol dragged and dropped on a Connector symbol to be attached to that Connector. Clearing the check box disables this functionality for the Display. Note that even if this feature is disabled for the Display, the you can still use the Connectors dialog to attach Symbols to Connectors. OKClicking this button accepts the changes made and closes the dialog box. These settings are saved as part of the Display object.
Display Scrolling Properties
Run mode scrollingDetermines the scroll bar behavior of display windows in Run mode.
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Work with a Display
Build mode scrollingDetermines the scroll bar behavior of display windows in Build mode.
On Off Automatic Display contains scroll bars all the time. Scroll bars never appear. Scroll bars appear when needed (this is the default setting for new displays).
Drawing Area
The drawing area of a display is actually much larger than your monitor. There are scroll bars on the display window for moving around this area. You should plan to set a few options before you begin drawing:
Consider turning on grid snap and setting the grid size, font style, and default colors of
lines, backgrounds, and fills before you begin. It is usually easier to work with a grid when laying out a display. Symbols in your drawing automatically align themselves with the grid lines or the intersections of grid lines. Grid lines not only make it easier to place objects in the drawing, but it helps keep the objects proportional. You can start with one grid size and then modify it as your work gets more detailed.
Select a font and font size for any values, trends, or text boxes you might add to the
drawing.
Select colors for lines, fills, and backgrounds that are easy on the eyes.
While you are drawing, you can use the zoom feature to zoom in on an area that requires more attention. Zoom out if the drawing is larger than your monitor.
Tags
A tag, which may also be called a point, is any measurement or calculation that is received or generated periodically. It can consist of transmitter readings, manual inputs, status, or control limits. There are three types of tag searches you can perform: Basic, Advanced, and Alias. Searches can be defined and then saved for future use. Click the Tag Search button to open the Tag Search dialog (page 61).
For more information on tags click the Help button from any Tag Search dialog in PI ProcessBook, or open the PISDKToolsUsr.chm Help file, typically located here:
C:\Program Files\PIPC\HELP
Either action launches the PI SDK Controls and Dialogs user help.
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Display Point Attributes
Tag Search Dialog

The Tag Search dialog is used to locate tags (page 60) (a name of a point that is a measurement or calculation received or generated periodically). The Tag Search dialog box contains three tabs (Basic Search, Advanced Search, and Alias Search). On the standard toolbar, click the Tag Search button -orClick the Tag Search button in any of the following dialog boxes:
Define Value Define Bar Define XYPlot Multi-State Symbol Define Trend
For more information on tags click the Help button from any Tag Search dialog in PI ProcessBook to launch the PI SDK Controls and Dialogs user help.
Display Point Attributes

The configuration information for a point (page 60) is stored as a list of attributes. You can display this list of properties for any dynamic symbol. The Point Properties dialog displays the attributes and snapshot values of PI Points. You may also see properties of dynamic symbols in Build mode through the right-click menu. 1. Using either the Run Mode or Build Mode pointer, click the dynamic symbol. 2. On the standard toolbar, click the Tag Properties button The Point Properties dialog appears. The tag for which the properties are displayed is shown in the Point Name drop-down list at the top of the dialog box. If a trend has several tags, select each tag from the drop-down list or use the up and down arrows on your keyboard to scroll through the tags. The Point Properties dialog contains the Categorized tab and the Alphabetic tab. The Categorized tab displays the attributes categorically. The following categories are always displayed: Archive Classic Display Overview Security System
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, or
Click the Pt. Attr. (Point Attributes) button if you are in the Tag Search dialog.
Work with a Display
These categories include all the attributes from the Base PointClass. The Base PointClass attributes are common to all PI Points. If the PI Point that is being displayed is not from the Base PointClass, there is one additional category. This category is given the name of the PointClass to which the displayed PI Point belongs. The PointClass-specific attributes are displayed in this category. The Alphabetic tab displays the attributes alphabetically.
Drawing Tools
PI ProcessBook includes a drawing environment with features that allow you to create symbols and graphics within an entry. You can use the drawing tools to:
Create ellipses, polygons, rectangles, arcs, lines, and polylines Add dynamic elements such as values, bars, trends, buttons, and graphic files Add ActiveX controls
The Drawing toolbar contains a set of buttons used for creating drawings and the Draw menu contains the corresponding commands. To use the drawing tools, click the appropriate button. When you draw a line or other shape, the tool uses the current formatting attribute (page 63) preferences. Each of these objects is considered a symbol by PI ProcessBook. In Build mode, when you select a symbol by clicking it with your mouse, you see small squares around the bounding rectangle of the symbol. These are called selection handles and allow you to resize the symbol. For arcs, polygons, and polylines, there are also reshaping handles at the intersection of the line segments. Each symbol has a name, reflecting the order in which it was added to the display, such as Rectangle1, Rectangle2, etc. In Build mode (or VBA Design mode), an identifying ToolTip (page 68) appears whenever your mouse hovers over a symbol.
Note: If you are drawing multiple objects, press the CTRL key while selecting the drawing tool. This lets you continue to work with that tool until you select a different tool.
Organizing Symbols
PI ProcessBook provides several tools to help you organize your drawings. These tools include a drawing grid, flip and rotate capabilities, and the ability to change the order in which objects overlap each other. You can move and resize drawing objects. You can also divide a display into layers so that you can segregate various elements. For example, you might separate HVAC elements from Electrical elements in a display.
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Formatting
Any of these functions can be performed on a single screen element or group of them. For information on grouping objects, see Grouping Symbols (page 141). Make sure you have selected the item or items with the Build Mode pointer. OLE objects behave somewhat differently; their behavior is discussed under Commands that Ignore OLE Objects (page 178).
Drawing Grid
The grid is a system of vertical and horizontal lines spaced at regular intervals on the drawing area. Dots are placed at the intersection of the grid lines. The grid helps you align drawing objects. When you move an object to a location on the drawing area, the corners or edges of the object are aligned with the closest grid intersection. This is called snap-to-grid or grid snap. When you turn off grid snap, you can move an object to any location within the drawing area. You determine the interval at which you want the grid lines to be spaced by setting the grid size.
Set Grid Size and Grid Snap 1. In Build mode, open a display. 2. On the Arrange menu, click Grid Size. 3. The Grid Size dialog appears. 4. In the Lines per Screen Unit box, type or select the number of grid lines per unit of drawing space.
Note: The size of a unit as displayed on your monitor varies according to the monitor's resolution and driver software.
5. Select the Snap to Grid check box. Once grid snap is on, any symbols you draw are automatically aligned to the grid.
Note: The Snap to Grid command also appears on the Arrange menu.
6. Click OK.
Formatting
Each symbol you draw and place on a display has attributes that determine how the symbol looks. The fill and line attributes that are currently selected on the Display Window (page 21) tab of the ProcessBook Preference dialog are applied to any new drawing symbol. You may configure these attributes for individual symbols or for all selected symbols as a group.
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Work with a Display
New in version 3.1, the Symbol Formatting toolbar contains buttons for formatting fonts, colors, and line styles. PI ProcessBook also includes the older Formatting toolbar to support backwards compatibility
Editable Formatting Attributes

The following table shows the editable attributes for each symbol.
Colors Line Line Rectangle Text Ellipse Arc Value Polygon Polyline Bar Trend X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Fill Background Line Styles Style X X Weight X X Ends X
Font
To determine what type of formatting is applicable for each symbol, refer to the table of editable formatting attributes. 1. In Build mode, open a display, and click the symbol(s) whose font you want to change. 2. On the Symbol Formatting toolbar, click a name in the Font box.
Note: When choosing fonts, plan to use fonts that other PI ProcessBook users are likely to have. If another user does not have the fonts you used, PI ProcessBook attempts to match the font to an existing font. However, the match may make it difficult for another user to read the entry.
3. Type or click a point size in the Font Size box.

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Formatting
Line Color
To determine what type of formatting is applicable for each symbol, refer to the table of editable formatting attributes. 1. In Build mode, open a display, and click the symbol(s) whose line color you want to change. 2. On the Symbol Formatting toolbar, click the Line Color button .
Depending on the symbol type, the following elements change to the color displayed on the button. Symbols that display text use the line color to determine the color of the text within the symbol Symbols that have lines (such as ellipses) use the line color to change lines in the symbol
3. Click the arrow on the right side of the Line Color button to display the color palette. Choose from the 16 colors available or click on one of these two buttons: Custom ColorLaunches the Color dialog where you can choose additional colors from a color well of options NoneDisables line color. Setting the line color to None for Pen elements on a trend hides the trace and its associated markers
Fill Color
To determine what type of formatting is applicable for each symbol, refer to the table of editable formatting attributes. 1. In Build mode, open a display, and click the symbol(s) whose fill color you want to change. 2. On the Symbol Formatting toolbar, click the Fill Color button of the selected symbol(s) changes. . The interior color
Note: The Fill Color button is disabled if the selected symbol has no interior.
3. Click the arrow on the right side of the Fill Color button to display the color palette. Choose from the 16 colors available or click on one of these two buttons: Custom ColorLaunches the Color dialog where you can choose additional colors from a color well of options NoneDisables fill color. Setting the fill color to None shows the display background color.
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Work with a Display
Background Color
To determine what type of formatting is applicable for each symbol, refer to the table of editable formatting attributes. 1. In Build mode, open a display, and click the symbol(s) whose background color you want to change. 2. On the Symbol Formatting toolbar, click the Background Color button background of the selected symbol changes.
Note: The Background Color button is disabled if the selected symbol has no background.
. The
3. Click the arrow on the right side of the Background Color button to display the color palette. Choose from the 16 colors available or click on one of these two buttons: Custom ColorLaunches the Color dialog where you can choose additional colors from a color well of options NoneDisables background color. Setting the background color to None shows the display background color.
Line Weight
To determine what type of formatting is applicable for each symbol, refer to the table of editable formatting attributes. 1. In Build mode, open a display, and click the symbol(s) whose line weight you want to change. 2. On the Symbol Formatting toolbar, click the Line Weight button weight options appears below the button. . A list of six line
3. Select a line weight. The thickness of the selected symbol's line weight changes.
Line Style
To determine what type of formatting is applicable for each symbol, refer to the table of editable formatting attributes. 1. In Build mode, open a display, and click the symbol(s) whose line style you want to change. . A list of six line 2. On the Symbol Formatting toolbar, click the Line Style button style options appears below the button. Options include solid, dash, dot, dash-dot, dashdot-dot, and none. Selecting None for a trend Pen element hides the trace line, but not the marker. 3. Select a line option. The symbol's line pattern changes.
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Formatting
Line Ends
To determine what type of formatting is applicable for each symbol, refer to the table of editable formatting attributes. 1. In Build mode, open a display, and click the symbol(s) whose line ends you want to change. 2. On the Symbol Formatting toolbar, click the Line Ends button . A list of four line ends options appears below the button. These options determine whether arrows appear at the end of lines. 3. Select a line ends option. The selected symbol's line pattern changes.
Formatting Paintbrush
To determine what type of formatting is applicable for each symbol, refer to the table of editable formatting attributes. 1. In Build mode, open a display, and click the symbol(s) whose font, color, or line formatting you want to replicate. 2. On the Symbol Formatting toolbar, click the Formatting Paintbrush button
Note: Double clicking the Formatting Paintbrush button allows you to apply formatting to more than one symbol. To turn off the Formatting Paintbrush selection, click the button again or press ESC.
3. Click another symbol. The formatting of the first symbol is copied to the selected symbol(s).
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Work with a Display
ToolTip Statistics
In Run mode, hover your mouse over a point on a dynamic symbol to display a ToolTip with summary statistics. Engineering units are shown next to the value followed by the timestamp paired with the value. If you hover your mouse over a point where there is more than one trace, each trace's data is shown on a separate line. Choose Tools > ToolTip Statistics to launch the ToolTip Statistics dialog, where you can select what type of data you want to see when viewing ToolTips.
Layers within Displays

You can divide a display into layers containing one or more symbols. This feature could be useful in building a complex display with several systems depicted (electrical, HVAC, etc.). If you separate systems by layer, you can view any one of the layers by making the other layers invisible.
A layer can be Visible or Invisible in Run mode. Layers are always Visible in Build
mode.
You can move symbols between layers or remove them from a layer. Add, make visible, restack, and lock layers while ProcessBook is in either Run mode or
Build mode. Delete layers only when ProcessBook is in Build mode.
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Create Layers
1. Open a display. 2. Click the Layers toolbar button , or
Double-click the Layers icon in the Status Bar, or Choose View > Layers. The Layers dialog appears.
3. Click the New Layer button to open the New Layer dialog. A default name comprised of the word Layer prefixed to the layer number appears. The layer number does not necessarily match the index number; it is simply the next unused integer in the list.
A new layer is added to the end of the collection. Its index is one higher than the previous high index number. All symbols added to this layer are displayed over symbols on lower indexed layers. 4. Click OK to return to the Layers dialog.
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Work with a Display
Indexspecifies the index number of the layer. The index is used in determining the display order (Z Order) of overlapping symbols. A layer with a lower index number is lower in the stack than one with a higher number. Higher layers may obscure symbols in lower levels. Countthis is a read-only value that contains the number of symbols on a layer. A composite symbol is counted once and each of its subordinate individual symbols is also counted. Up/down arrowsbuttons at the right side of the dialog box are used to move the relative position of one layer to another within a display. As a layer is moved down the list, its index number becomes larger, and vice versa. Symbols on layers with higher index numbers may hide or cover symbols with lower-index numbers. Locked layers cannot be reordered.
5. Select the appropriate check boxes: Visiblemakes the elements in the layer visible in Run mode. New layers are visible by default. Activeaccepts all new symbols as you add them to the display. Inactive prevents symbols from being added automatically. New layers are Active by default. Lockedprevents you from adding symbols to a layer. Existing symbols on locked layers cannot be cut, copied, pasted, deleted, or moved. New layers are not locked by default.
6. Repeat steps 3-5 as needed. Click OK to accept changes and close the Layers dialog.
Assign Symbols to Layers

If you have at least one layer in a display, you can assign symbols to it. 1. Select a symbol, right-click, and select Assign Layers. The Assign Layers dialog appears and displays all of your existing layers.
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2. Select or clear the checkbox next to a layer name to add or remove the selected symbol from a layer. If a layer name is grayed out, the layer is locked and you cannot add or remove symbols. You may add the same symbol to more than one layer. 3. Click OK.
Layers and Composite Symbols

To link symbols and create composite symbols choose Arrange > Group, or click the Group button are grouped. on the Layout toolbar. The symbols may be on different layers when they
Assign a composite symbol to any layer(s) regardless of its component symbols. You can not group symbols on locked layers into a composite symbol, but the layers may
be locked after the symbols are grouped.

You can not delete a composite symbol that contains symbols on locked layers, however,
you can delete an unlocked layer.

Normally, a symbol existing only on one layer is deleted if the layer is deleted, but when
the symbol is inside a composite symbol it is not deleted. It stays in the composite symbol.
If a composite symbol is hidden, all its parts are hidden. If the composite symbol is
visible its individual parts may still be hidden if the layers they are assigned to are hidden.
Since you can not individually select the parts of a composite symbol you must first use
the Ungroup button individually.
to separate them in order to change their layer assignments
Active Layers Status Bar

The Layers icon on the Status Bar shows whether or not the display has more than one layer. This icon appears in the status bar at the bottom of your application, indicating one or more layers in the display currently in focus. Double-clicking the icon displays the Layers dialog. If no layers have been defined, the icon appears with a slash through it. Hovering the mouse over the icon displays a tooltip with the names of any active layers, beginning with the top layer.
Active Layers Status Bar Area (with tool tip)
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Work with a Display
Module-relative Displays
Module Context Add-in
The Module Context Display PI ProcessBook add-in is designed to give you a way to create dynamic symbols in a display for a general structure, and then to apply data to the display symbols using different instances of the structure. For example, you can use the same dynamic symbol, such as a trend, and scroll through the Available Modules window to display that trend with different data points representing the selected item in the Available Modules window. The add-in gives PI ProcessBook access to the PI SDK Module Database, taking advantage of its contents as well as its structure. The Module Context Add-in:
Allows you to use aliases as a data source for dynamic symbols so that a tag can be
changed without redefining a symbol that uses it indirectly through its alias.
Allows you to use properties in dynamic symbols to show user-defined supplementary
information.
Allows you at run-time to switch among different PI SDK Module Database Nodes using
the existing display symbols. The PI SDK Module Database organization is similar to a file directory structure. Each node (which is like a directory) is called a Module, and can contain:
Properties, which are variables containing any kind of data (including arrays, and
collections of more properties)

Aliases (like variables for a tag name) Modules (sub-modules, like sub-directories in a file directory) Properties and aliases in the Module Database are time-dependent. See the PI SDK
Online Help for more information on the Module Database. Features The Module Context Add-in supports the following features:
Use of Module Database Aliases in dynamic symbols. Use of Module Database String and Numeric PI Properties in dynamic symbols. A user option at design time (Select Available Modules dialog) to choose Contexts to
make available at run time. Contexts are saved with the display or independent display, not with a ProcessBook or the application.
A Configuration Dialog (Select Items dialog) for assigning these Aliases and Properties
to dynamic symbols in ProcessBook.

Use of Current Context String in dynamic symbols. This provides a mechanism to show
the currently selected context in a display.

A way to change the context at run-time (Available Modules Window). Programmatic access to the Available Context values.
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Use Module Context Add-in

When the Module Context Add-in is loaded in ProcessBook a Module Context menu item is added to the Tools menu. This menu item provides one submenu option, Add Module. Available modules for the current display are also listed in a docked window at the left of the display.
Note: When you change focus from a display to a table of contents window, there are no available modules listed.
Module Context Selection Before a Module Context is associated with a symbol, you must choose which Module Database Modules will be available to select as a Context during run time. The chosen modules should have a common structure and items so that the display can obtain symbol data for any run-time Context you select. For example, if you have three pumps described as Modules in the Module Database with similar Aliases and Properties, they would be good candidates for context. Choose Tools > Module Context > Add Module to see the Select Available Modules dialog, which is used to establish the available contexts for the active display.
This dialog contains two parts:

The PI Module Database TreeUse the arrow keys to select nodes to use as contexts.
All known PI 3 Servers are available; modules can be selected from multiple Module databases.
The Selected Modules listshows all the selected contexts. During run-time you can
select any of these to use as a context.
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Work with a Display
At least one module must be selected using the Select Available Modules dialog before a dynamic symbol can be configured to use a module alias or property. More modules may be added later. Unresolved contexts display as NO DATA. An unresolved context occurs when a dynamic symbol is configured to show a property and the active context doesn't have the property. For example, suppose you select Module1 and Module2 as the available contexts. Module1 contains PropertyA and Module2 contains PropertyB. A dynamic symbol is configured to display PropertyB. If Module1 is the current context, NO DATA appears in the dynamic symbol.
Add Properties and Aliases After you have selected the modules to be available to a display you are ready to build a dynamic symbol with specific module-related properties and aliases. The Select Items dialog allows you to assign aliases and numeric and string properties to the dynamic symbol (other properties are either not shown at all, or marked as unsupported types with a different icon). These aliases and properties are attached to the specific module shown highlighted in the Available Modules Window. 1. In the Tag Search (page 60) dialog, click the down arrow next to the Tag Search button and select ModuleContext. The Select Items dialog appears.
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Items from Current ModuleOnly aliases and properties contained in the currently selected module can be selected to appear in the dynamic symbol. You cannot add modules in this dialog. Selected Items listA path is shown in this list when a module has been opened in the Items from Selected Contexts tree and a property or alias from the expanded module has been selected.
2. Highlight each desired alias and property in the Items from Current Module tree and click the arrow button or drag the item to the Selected Items list. You can repeat the process for other modules if there are different aliases or properties to be included. A NO DATA message appears if assigned aliases or properties are not present in a particular module.
Note: Click the Add Modules button to open the Select Available Modules (page 73) dialog.
3. To display the current module context in the dynamic symbol, click the Current Context check box above the Selected Items list. 4. Click OK.
Change the Run-time Module (context) After you have identified modules, properties, and aliases for a display, you can switch from one module to another by highlighting its name in the Available Modules window. In Run mode, from the Available Modules Window, click a different module to highlight it. The associated symbols in the display show the data from the property or alias based on the newly selected module.
Available Modules Window The Available Modules window appears when your display includes a dynamic symbol (trend, value, etc.) associated with the PI Module Database. It allows you to shift from one module or context to another as the source of the dynamic data in your display. The current module being used is highlighted in the Available Modules window. Click another module to change the context. Your display reflects different data in the dynamic symbols configured to use module context. If a dynamic symbols configuration contains an alias or property not supported by the selected context, NO DATA is displayed for that symbol. The label at the bottom of the Available Modules list provides the path in the module database for the currently selected module.
Note: When you shift focus from a display to a table of contents window, there are no available modules listed. If you select a different display window, the list of available modules is likely to be different.
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Work with a Display
Migrate Displays to Another PI Server

When you want to use an existing tag with a different PI Server, PI ProcessBook attempts to locate the correct tags. Each ProcessBook saves the tag information for all of the symbols it contains. Beginning with PI SDK 1.3.6, when you use a ProcessBook symbol with a PI Server other than the one for which it was created, the PI Server is added automatically if it is discoverable on the network. If the PI Server is not discoverable, then PI ProcessBook prompts you to select a new PI Server. Once the new PI Server is selected, PI ProcessBook searches the database for a matching tag ID.
If a match is found, PI ProcessBook retrieves the tag name associated with the tag ID and
compares the tag name with the saved tag name.

If the tag names are the same, the value is shown in the entry. If the tag names are different, PI ProcessBook searches the database for the tag ID of the
saved tag name. If a match is found, the value is shown in the entry.
If a match is not found, PI ProcessBook uses the tag ID saved with the ProcessBook
regardless of the different tag names.

If no tag ID or tag name is found in the database, PI ProcessBook displays a message
informing you of the missing tag. You can change this behavior by setting the PB2TagResolution value in the procbook.ini file [Data Manager] section to 0. When PB2TagResolution=0, the Point ID is used to match a missing tab before the stored Point name.
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Chapter 5
Trends
A trend is a type of dynamic element that lets you plot values against time. Use trends to show the value of one or more tags over a time period. You may also use trends to show the results of a data set query or to combine data from the PI Server and other sources. Generally, trends are used to graphically display time series data, although you may also include nontime series data. Some components of trends include:
TracesLines drawn on a trend to represent a series of data points, either from a PI Tag
or a data set column.

PensFormatting components used to determine the presentation of trends. PlotThe title of the trend being configured. The plot title can be blank, but a title is
supplied by default.
Grid linesUsed to mark intervals along the time and value scales.
If the Plot Time continues through the current time, the trend updates as information changes, unless the length of the overall time period exceeds the limit set by your System Administrator. The default limit is 24 hours.
Create a Trend
1. Open a display. 2. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Trend button. Choose Draw > Trend. The mouse pointer changes to the Trend pointer. 3. Click in the display where you want to add the trend and drag the pointer to form a rectangle into which the trend will be placed. When you release the mouse button, the Define Trend (page 80) dialog appears. , or
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Trends
4. In the Plot box, type a name. Click the New Plot button if you want to build a trend with multiple plots (page 80). 5. In the Tags in Plot box, type the name of the tag, or Click the Tag Search button to locate the tag, or Click the Tag Search arrow to see more search options. 6. If you manually enter tag names, select the appropriate PI server from the Server dropdown list. Normally, the default PI Server is listed. 7. You can rearrange, add to, or delete the selected tags by clicking one of the buttons above the Tags in Plot box. 8. Under Scale, select Single Scale or, if you have more than one trace, you may select Multiple Scales. The multiple scales option shows a value range for each trace. There is only one time scale. 9. Consider checking the following check boxes: Logarithmicto display the data in a logarithmic scale. If you have multiple scales, you may set this option differently for each trace. This option is disabled for digital tags.
Note: You may use logarithmic and non-logarithmic scales for traces in the same trend when you select the Multiple Scales option. In this case, the minor grid lines associated with a logarithmic plot may confuse the plot. You can turn off the minor grid lines by setting the vertical minor grid color or line style to none.
Regression Linedetermines whether a regression line is drawn for a selected trace.
10. In the Max and Min drop-down lists, select Autorange or Database or enter the values to determine the value scale.
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Create a Trend
Min Settings: AutorangeThe trend displays with the value scale starting at the closest available major axis. If the minimum is Autorange and the maximum is not, the scale starts at the lowest data value in the trace (not on a major axis) and ends on the closest major axis. DatabaseThe tag's Zero attribute is used to specify the minimum plot value. If the Zero value is <= 0, the minimum is re-interpreted as Autorange. 0 (absolute value)The value you type is used as the first value on the value scale.
Max Settings: AutorangeThe trend displays with the value scale ending at the closest available major axis. If the maximum is Autorange and the minimum is not, the plot starts on the minimum value and ends on the largest trace value (neither min nor max will be on a major axis). DatabaseThe tag's Zero + Span attributes are used to specify the maximum plot value. 0 (absolute value)The value you type is used as the value scale maximum.
11. From the Format drop-down list, select the number format for the scale. Database is the default format. This number format is also applied to legend, cursor, and ToolTip numbers. DatabaseDatabase format looks at a PI Tag's display digits attribute and displays the value scale numbers in standard format. If the length of the number exceeds the display digits value, scientific notation is used. ScientificScientific notation is used for all values. There is no change to the scientific format used for trends. It displays in the format: 0.00E+00. Standard format (do not switch to scientific format for large numbers)The significant digits are ignored for logarithmic plots, for example, format 0.0 does not truncate 0.0000001 to 0.0. Because of precision issues, any number with more than DBL_DIG (15) significant digits is rounded off at significant digit DBL_DIG. A value of 12345678901234567890 is displayed as 12345678901234600000. GeneralThe number is displayed with standard formatting with the exception of numbers with more than DBL_DIG (15) digits. In this case, scientific notation is used. The program logic uses 1.0e+15 and 1.0e-15 as the maximum and minimum for standard formatting.
12. Under Plot Time, from the Start and End drop-down lists, select a time. An asterisk (*) represents the current time. 13. In the Style drop-down list, select Full time stamp, Partial time stamp, or Relative time stamp to indicate how time is displayed on the time axis. 14. Click OK.
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Trends
Note: PI ProcessBook allows you to create custom placeholders for a symbol based on a summary Data Set. Placeholders are not allowed for expression Data Sets. The Custom Placeholders button in symbol definition dialog boxes allows you to specify different PI Tags for a PI Summary Data Set. The change applies only to the configured symbol. See Add or Edit Placeholders (page 163) for details.
Build a Trend with Multiple Plots

For new trends, you can add additional plots so that many trends are created and configured without dragging additional symbols on the display. Once the plots are created they are no longer associated in any way and are configured, moved, and sized individually. 1. Follow the steps to create a trend (page 77). 2. To create additional plots, click the New Plot button and select tags. Repeat as necessary. To view the tags you have selected, you can click each plot name in the Plot box. 3. To adjust the arrangement matrix for the plots you are creating, click the Layout tab (page 83).
Note: These matrix options are available only when you create the trend and cannot be edited later. However, you can revise the traces on each plot individually.
Move a Plot
If you have created more than one plot in the trend, you can move each plot separately. In Build mode simply click the plot you want to move. Selection handles appear around the plot. Use these handles to drag the plot to its new location.
Delete a Plot within a Trend

1. In the Define Trend dialog, choose the General tab. 2. In the Plot drop-down list, select the plot you want to delete, and then click the Delete Plot button.
Note: Once you have drawn a trend, and you want to delete a plot, you can select the plot and then press DELETE.
Define Trend Dialog

Trends are formatted according to certain defaults. Using the Trend Preference settings (page 22), you can create your own default format for new trends. You can set options like line colors, background, and point markers, and you can set the types of point information included with a trend.
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Define Trend Dialog
As you create a new trend, you can specify the desired tags, the colors and fonts for traces, legends, and backgrounds, as well as how much tag information is displayed with the trend. Use the Symbol Formatting (page 63) toolbar to make trend formatting changes. The Define Trend dialog has a General tab where you create a trend (page 77), and the following additional tabs for formatting and layout:
Display Format (page 81)options for the elements to be included in the trend. Trace Format (page 82)provides an alternate way to choose colors and line styles for
each trace (plot line) as well as the axes, background, and text.
Layout (page 83)options determine the arrangement of rows and columns for multiple
plot trends. This tab only appears when you first create a trend symbol.
Display Format Tab

1. In Build mode, open a display, and click the trend whose attributes you want to change. 2. On the Formatting toolbar, click the Trend Format button Choose Edit > Format > Extended, or Open the Define Trend (page 80) dialog and click the Display Format tab. , or
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Trends
3. In the Legend group box, check or uncheck options for displaying the tag name, server name, description, value, and engineering units. Your choices are reflected in the sample trend at the bottom of the dialog. The information that can fit in the legend is determined by the size of the trend. Consequently, not all of the information in the legend may be visible. If the width of the legend is more than 50 percent of the width of the trend, the legend does not display. If the length of the text in the legend is longer than the total height of the trend, the items on the bottom are not shown.
4. In the Display box, check or uncheck the following options. The sample trend reflects the changes you make. Plot Title Vertical Scale Inside AxisDraws the value scale inside the plot area GridsShows grid lines on the trend MarkersWhen checked, markers indicate data points on the trend. If the Markers box is not selected, three markers appear on each line to help you match a line to a tag.
5. Choose a trend orientation from the three radio button options at the top of the dialog: Now at right (horizontal), Now at top (vertical), or Now at bottom (vertical). New in PI ProcessBook 3.1, this feature allows you to orient your trend in a horizontal or vertical direction.
Trace Format Tab

As of PI ProcessBook 3.1, you can use the buttons on the Symbol Formatting (page 63) toolbar to configure plot elements such as pens (traces), text, and background. The Trace Format tab gives you an alternate way to update formatting changes. 1. In Build mode, open a display, and click the trend whose attributes you want to change. 2. Open the Define Trend (page 80) dialog and click the Trace Format tab.
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Define Trend Dialog
3. Select a plot element from the Plot Element drop-down box. 4. Select formatting options from the Element Format group box for the selected plot element. Your choices are reflected in the sample trend at the bottom of the dialog. 5. Repeat steps 1-2 as needed. 6. Click OK to apply the formatting changes.
Layout Tab
The plot arrangement in a multi-plot trend is established by setting up the number of rows and columns of plots in the Layout tab. To revise the proposed plot arrangement matrix: 1. Follow the steps to build a trend with multiple plots (page 80). 2. In the Define Trend dialog, click the Layout tab. 3. Under Plot Arrangement, select the number of rows and columns you want. The following example shows four plots, to be arranged in 2 rows of 2 columns each. Tab past the matrix to see the sample of your new selection display in the Preview area.
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Trends
4. When you are satisfied with the matrix arrangement, click OK to draw the plots.
Note: The Layout tab only appears when you initially create a trend (page 77). Once the layout is set, you cannot revise it because the plots are no longer associated when the symbol is created. However, individual plots can be moved on the display in Build mode.
Configure Trend Scale

The Trend Scale dialog provides easy access to the value scale settings for each tag in a trend. If the trend is defined through a data set, only the Autorange and Absolute options are available for the Maximum and Minimum scale settings.
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Trend Analysis Tools
1. In Run mode, double-click the value scale, or Choose View > Trend Scale. The Trend Scale dialog appears. 2. Select the Single Scale or Multiple Scales radio button. 3. If you are using Multiple Scales, then select the tag from the Tags drop-down list for which you are setting the scale options. 4. Select Autorange, Database, or Absolute options for the Maximum and Minimum values of the scale. Autorange: selects a vertical scale depending on the minimum and maximum tag values between the trend start time and end time. Database: selects a vertical scale depending on the Zero (for minimum) and Span (for maximum) tag attributes as configured in the Point Database for the selected tag. See the PI Server Reference Guide for more information on tag attributes. Absolute: allows you to enter custom values for the vertical scale of a selected tag. Enter a custom value in the adjacent box.
5. If you have selected the Absolute option, then type in the Maximum and Minimum values of the scale in the adjacent boxes. 6. Click OK. Modifications made to a trend through use of this dialog do not affect the stored settings of the trend.
Note: To return the trend scale to its original settings, choose View > Revert.

PI ProcessBook provides a number of tools for analyzing or monitoring the data in a trend.
Trend Zoomlets you use the mouse to drag a box around the data you would like to
see more detail.
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Trends
Trend Expandtemporarily expands a trend symbol so that it occupies the entire
display window.
Trend Cursorshows the value of the plotted tags at a specific point in time.
Drag Zoom
Drag Zoom lets you expand or contract the time scale of a trend. 1. With the Run Mode pointer, click an area in the trend at which you want a closer look. 2. Drag the pointer diagonally to create a rectangle. 3. When you release the mouse, the trend displays the data within the rectangle.
Trend Zoom 2x In or Out
Click the Zoom In or Out button at the bottom of a trend to reduce or expand the time range of that trend by a factor of 2. In other words, if your time range is 8 hours, Trend Zoom 2x In divides the time range by 2 and displays the trend for a 4 hour time period. Trend Zoom 2x Out multiplies the time range by 2 and displays the trend for a 16 hour time period. You can remove changes to the time range by clicking the Revert button .
Note: If the trend is too small these buttons may not appear. Simply expand the trend's size to display hidden buttons.
If there are no trend cursors, the Trend Zoom 2x command zooms in or out of the last portion of the time period. For example, if the initial time range is 60 minutes and you select Trend Zoom 2x In, the trend displays the last 30 minutes. Trend Zoom 2x Out displays 120 minutes adding 60 minutes to the beginning of the trend. When a trend cursor is displayed, the command uses the trend cursor as the center of the zoomed trend. If several cursors are used, the last one set is used as the center of the zoomed trend. See Trend Cursor (page 87), for more information on trend cursors.
Expand a Trend
When you double-click a trend in Run Mode, the trend is redrawn so that it occupies the entire display window. Double-click again to reduce the trend to its original size. While the trend is expanded, the Drawing toolbar is disabled. If you switch to another display, the Drawing toolbar will work there. All descriptive information (title, tag descriptor, tag value) is shown on an expanded trend.
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Trend Cursor
A trend cursor lets you read tag values for a particular time. When you select a trend cursor, a vertical line indicates the cursor position. The box at the top of the line indicates the value and status. The box at the bottom displays the time and date of the value. You may display several trend cursors at one time.
Note: A trend does not update while trend cursors are visible.
If the trend is too small, the Trend Cursor command is disabled and the mouse pointer does not change when you move over the left axis. You can expand the trend by double-clicking it. Trend cursors may be automated.
Add a Trend Cursor 1. Notice whether the time scale appears at the bottom and the timestamp appears at the upper right. If not, the trend rectangle may be too small to use Trend Cursor. Enlarge the trend. If the time stamp does not appear, reformat the display format to show it. 2. With the Run mode pointer, click the Trend Cursor button . A cursor appears at the right edge of the trend. When the mouse pointer changes to a double-headed arrow over the trend cursor, click the vertical line and drag left to position the trend cursor, or Choose View > Trend Cursor. An indented icon in front of the command indicates that trend cursors are on. 3. Move the mouse pointer over the left axis of the trend. The pointer changes to a trend cursor symbol. As you drag to the right, a new trend cursor is added to the trend 4. Move the trend cursor back and forth across the trend by dragging it. As you move it, the time stamp, status, and value appear in a box at the top right of the trend. 5. When you release the cursor, the values appear in boxes at the top and bottom of the cursor. You can add additional cursors by grabbing the trend cursor icon at the left axis.
Remove a Trend Cursor Click the Trend Cursor button -orChoose View > Trend Cursor.
Note: To remove one trend cursor but not all of them, click the trend cursor and drag it to the left or right until it moves off of the trend.
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Change Time Range

Scroll time ranges directly on a trend by using the Step Forward or Backward buttons on the time scale. These time changes are not saved with the symbol. Use the Revert button settings. , located next to the time scale, to return the trend to its configured
Note: If the trend is too small these buttons may not appear. Expand the trend's size to display hidden buttons.
You can also use buttons on the Time Range (page 12) toolbar to modify time configurations settings.
How Trends Refresh

If the end time of the trend is current (*) and Trend Cursor is off, then the trend is updated whenever information changes and is sent from the factory instrumentation to the PI Archive. Note a vertical dashed line on the grid time axis of the trend. If the information has not changed at the instrumentation sensor, the trend shows a flat line from the last update to the current time. You can force a refresh by clicking the Revert button.
Note: If desired, a PI System Manager can change the one-day limit to another interval on your computer.
PI ProcessBook uses an algorithm to identify the peaks so that no information is lost when the trend time range is large. It ensures that the plot is not under- or over-sampled and that the correct amount of information is sent from the PI Archive. Unlike data from a PI Archive, data from an ODBC data set refreshes according to a stipulated refresh rate.
Trend Appearance
A trend appears according to the format established in the Preference settings (page 22). You may override this format by selecting the Trend Formatting (page 81) button .
Typically, the title of the trend appears at the upper left, and the current timestamp appears at the upper right. The selected tag names, current or end value, and engineering units appear in the legend opposite the value scale.
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Trend Appearance
Grid Lines and Labels

Trends are formatted according to certain defaults. Use the Trend Elements tab in the ProcessBook Preferences dialog to create default formats for new trends. You can set options like line colors and point markers, and set the types of point information included with a trend.
Grid Lines Horizontal and vertical grid lines align with even units (whole numbers) on the scales. Grid lines for the value scale line up with whole numbers at intervals of 1, 2, 5, 10, or powers of 10 times those intervals. Grid lines for the time scale line up with time intervals such as weeks, days, hours, minutes, etc. The lines then scroll as time passes on an updating trend.
Grid Line Labels Configure the labels for the value scale using single or multiple scales. You can place these labels on either the inside or outside of the value axis:
Single Scale Multiple Scales The union of the ranges for all the pens appears in the label. The range for each pen in the trend appears in the label.
Configure the labels for the time axis using a full timestamp, partial timestamp, or a relative timestamp:
Full timestamp Partial timestamp Relative timestamp Displays a complete timestamp for the start and end times. The time range of the trend is in the middle of the time axis. Labels most grid lines in the units of the time range. Displays the full timestamp for the end time of the trend at the top right edge of the plot. Displays the offset from the end time limit in weeks, days, hours, etc. and the full timestamp for the end time of the trend at the top right edge of the plot.
Note: Labels for the grid lines appear unless the trend rectangle is too small.
Value Scale Grid Lines

Grid lines are shown in value scale intervals of 1, 2, 5, 10, or powers of 10 times those intervals. The value axis at the left is scaled by one of four methods:
Autorange scale Database scale Logarithmic scale Manually Defined scale
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Autorange Scale The value scale is determined by a calculation based on minimum and maximum values in the trend. As new data are received from the server, the high and low values may change, and the scale is recalculated accordingly. For example, if the original scale ranged from 5 to 100, but the new data has a high of 103, then the new plot shows a range from 5 to 105 (the nearest number divisible by 5 and larger than the high value). If more than one tag is plotted on a single scale, the value scale is calculated from the highest and lowest values for all the tags.
Database Scale If the scale is set to Database, the range is the same as the limits for the point on the server. The minimum value is termed zero, and the maximum value is the sum of the zero value plus the span value. For example, suppose the tag attributes for a point are Zero = 3 and Span = 6. The plot range therefore is based on making the minimum and maximum values 3 to 9.
Logarithmic Scale If you prefer a logarithmic scale, check this option. This option is disabled for digital, string, timestamp, or integer tags.
Manually Defined Scale When the scale is configured, an arbitrary minimum and maximum scale value may be entered.
Single and Multiple Scales for the Vertical Axis

Value scales are labeled whenever there is enough room. Configured these labels with either single or multiple scales.
For a single scale label, the union of the ranges for all the pens appears. For multiple scale labels, the range for the first pen appears next to the value axis. Ranges
for the other pens appear in increasing distance from the axis in the order the tags are listed in the trend legend.
Note: On a single scale trend, traces that contain only one value (a flat line) or have no data are governed by special scaling rules. When a trend is composed of only flat or no data traces, the default value scale range is inflated to prevent showing a flat plot area. These default ranges are not applied if the trace in question is on a single scale trend that contains other visible traces that do not fall into either of the aforementioned categories.
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Trend Appearance
A single scale trace containing one flat trace with a constant value of 0.
A single scale trend containing a flat trace and a non-flat trace. The default range for the flat trace is not applied. PI ProcessBook User Guide 91
Trends
Time Scale Grid Lines

Grid lines for the time scale line up with whole units of time, such as days, hours, minutes, etc. On a trend that receives updates, the grid lines scroll as time passes. For an updating trend, the current time is indicated by a dotted vertical line. Configure labels for the time axis in one of three ways:
Full Timestamplabels the start and end time limits with the date and time. When
space permits, the elapsed time between these lines is also shown.
Partial Timestamplabels each grid line in whole units, such as hours. For example,
the grid lines might be labeled 9:00, 10:00, and 11:00. A full timestamp showing the plot end time is shown at the upper right.
Relative Timestamplabels each grid line with the amount of time preceding the right
time limit in days, hours, minutes, or seconds. For example, the grid lines might be labeled -4, -3, - 2, -1, meaning 4, 3, 2, and 1 hours previously. A Full Timestamp for the last reading is shown at the upper right. A full timestamp showing the plot end time is shown at the upper right.
Traces
A Trace, also referred to as a pen, is a single line on a trend. When a trace is continuous, a line is drawn from measurement to measurement. When a trace is discrete, the value is propagated forward until a new value is recorded in the database. This results in horizontal and vertical lines for the tag (staircase trace). Digital points are discrete type measurements, producing staircase traces. For digital points, the offset from the starting digital state code is plotted. When the value is shown in a trend cursor, ToolTip, or legend, the text translation is displayed (for example, ON or OFF). Staircase traces are used for points from a PI Server that have a Step Flag set to TRUE. ODBC queries may produce either curved or staircase traces, depending on the Stepped Plot check box setting in the ODBC Data dialog. Hide Traces You can hide one or more traces on the trend in Run mode so that an area of concern is more easily viewed. 1. Open a trend in Run mode. 2. Hover your mouse pointer over the trend's legend. The mouse pointer changes to a hand cursor , and the trace in the trend is highlighted.
3. Click on the legend item to hide or show the trace on the plot. If the trace has a regression line configured, the regression line is also hidden. When a trace is hidden: the trace name is dimmed in the legend and the description, value, and engineering units are hidden (if they were shown before).
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Trend Appearance
the space reserved on the legend for the description, value, and engineering units collapses so that the trace under the hidden trace is moved. This clearly shows the visible traces on the legend, especially on a trend with many traces. on a multi-scale trend, the scale associated with the hidden trace is hidden. on a single scale trend, the minimum and maximum values shown on the scale may be adjusted.
You can show hidden traces by clicking their names a second time in the legend, or by clicking the Revert button. All hidden traces are shown in Build mode.
Note: You can also right click on a trend and select Show All or Hide All to make traces visible or invisible.
Markers
Markers indicate data points and allow you to differentiate between traces on a trend. There are three types of markers:
actual data trace markers bad data markers
At least three markers are shown on a trace, unless the plot is too small. Actual Data Markers Actual data markers plot each value stored in the database. The color of the trace and of the marker is the same. You can select the shape of the marker, such as diamonds, circles, squares, or triangles, which can be helpful for color- blind users and for monochrome monitors. Trace Markers If there are too many values to plot based on the size of the trend, the display resolution and the density of the plotted data, actual data markers do not appear and trace markers are used instead. Trace markers are also used if the trend configuration does not specify Markers. Trace markers help you identify the legend information for each trace; they do not indicate actual plot values. Up to three trace markers are used per trace. X Markers When a value is outside the limits defined for the trend, it is plotted as over- or under-range. When a value is out of range or has a bad value, it is not shown on the plot. An X marker is placed on the trend at the beginning and end of the time when data are not plotted. When the data are missing, (for example, not connected to a server) they are given the value No Data and are not plotted.
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Ad Hoc Trends
Create a trend on an ad hoc basis for tags represented by dynamic symbols in a display within a ProcessBook. Ad hoc trends are like any other trends in that you can scroll the time forward and backward, view cursors, zoom, view point attributes, use multiple scales, or change the time range. To create an ad hoc trend, use either the Trend tool or Trend Display tool . The Trend tool allows you to add a trend to an existing display. The Trend Display tool creates a separate, new display with the instant trend.
Note: You can build a trend display before you open any displays.
If you create an ad hoc Trend Display and then choose to save it for future use, it appears on the Book or Outline View as subordinate to the original display.
Create an Ad Hoc Trend

To create an ad hoc trend for a specific tag or tags: 1. Select Run mode. 2. Select the dynamic symbol representing the tag, such as a bar, value, or Multi-State Symbol. To select more than one dynamic symbol, hold down the Shift key while you click them. 3. Click the Trend Display button .
A new display window opens, and the trend is created automatically for the selected symbols using the default format and time range. It is given the unique name Trend Display#, where # is a number. The plot title is Ad Hoc Trend. - or . The mouse pointer changes to a trend pointer. Click in the Click the Trend button display and drag to create a rectangle. It is given the name Ad Hoc Trend. The trend appears in the rectangle, using the default format.
Note: If you select more tags than the default set in your Preference settings, usually 3, then you will have more than one plot in your trend or trend display.
Save an Ad Hoc Trend Display

If you create an ad hoc trend display and wish to save it for future use, then you must use the Save or Save As command before you close the instant trend. There are several options:
Save an ad hoc trend display as an independent display by clicking it and using the Save
As command with a .pdi filename extension.
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OpenVMS Trends and Graphics
If you had a display entry from a ProcessBook open when the instant trend was created,
the instant trend can be saved as a subordinate of the display by using the Save command.
You may save an ad hoc trend as another file type, such as a bitmap (.bmp) file, using
Save As.
Note: You cannot save an ad hoc trend from view-only mode.
OpenVMS Trends and Graphics

PI ProcessBook allows you to convert your existing OpenVMS trend and graphic files for use within a ProcessBook. Specifically, the following types of files are supported:
PIDisDIFF filescontain trend graphs built using the PI Data Trending Package. You
can convert horizontal, vertical, composite, and overview trends.

PI-GP filesgraphic files built using the PI-GP Graphics Builder.
Before you can convert your trend files (PIDisDIFF), you must convert them as ASCII text files on the VAX and then download them to your PC. Once the files are on the PC, you can import them to a ProcessBook. Trends are formatted based on the settings on the Trend Elements tab in the ProcessBook Preference dialog.
Convert Trends
This process is used to convert VAX graphics for use with a PC. 1. On the VAX or Alpha at the DCL prompt, type $ Run PISysExe:PIDisDIFF 2. Select option 1 List Master Display Library from the PI Display Data Interchange File Format Builder. 3. Direct the output to a file. 4. Enter a file name. If your file name is more than 8 characters and a 3-character extension (xxxxxxxx.xxx), the name is truncated during the download process. 5. Accept the defaults for display mask, group numbers and unit numbers (*). 6. Select the trend display types you are importing. For optimum performance select only options 1 (horizontal), 2 (vertical), 3 (composite), and 8 (overview). 7. Quit the PIDisDIFF application (option Q). 8. Transfer the file from the VAX or Alpha to the PC using any ASCII text file transfer program you have available.
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Convert Graphics
This process is used to convert VAX graphics for use with a PC. On the OpenVMS computer, copy a graphic file to your working directory. Graphic files are named PISysDat:PIGP_xxxxxxxxxx.dat, where xxxxxxxxxx is the display name. 1. At the DCL prompt, type $ RUN PISysExe:GPAB 2. Select option 1 Convert Binary to ASCII from the PI Graphics Package ASCII/Binary File Conversion menu. 3. Type the display name of the graphic you want to convert and press Enter. Repeat for each file you want to convert. 4. Select option Q to quit the application. 5. Transfer the file from the VAX or Alpha to the PC using any ASCII text file transfer program you have available. Your PI ProcessBook Install disks include an OpenVMS command file which performs Steps 1 - 5 for all graphics. The file is named GPPBConv.com.
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Chapter 6
XYPlots
An XYPlot shows a correlation between one or more paired sets of data. On an XYPlot (also called a scatter plot), the X scale shows possible values for one of the items in the pair and the Y scale shows the value of the other item in the pair. A basic scatter plot looks like the following:
Uncorrelated data
This case plotted 10-minute intervals of two points, A and B, for the last hour. Point A had 12 point values; Point B had 16 point values. The number of points plotted equals the number of pairs. Since A had fewer point values, the plot shows only 12 point pairs. The extra data from point B is ignored. You can configure the method by which pairing occurs. Correlation is a measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables. Correlation is indicated graphically by the spread of the data points around a fitted straight line (for example, a straight line that indicates the trend of the data). In general, the closer the points are to the fitted line, the stronger the correlation. The two PI tags shown in figure 1 are not strongly correlated. Another plot shows perfectly correlated data:
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XYPlots
Perfectly correlated
A third plot is somewhat correlated:
Somewhat correlated
In the case of the third plot, a regression line with a slope (M) of 1 and an offset (B) of 0 drawn diagonally across the plot would show all points lying close to the line, some above it, some below it. This line formula is appropriate in this case because both scales are the same and the points appear to have values very close to each other. In other cases, one value may be two or three times the other value (for example) and the regression line would fall on a different slope, depending upon how the scales are configured. If the scales are the same, the slope of the line determines the relationship between the points. If the scales are not the same, the slope is insignificant.
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Draw an XYPlot
Draw an XYPlot
1. In Build mode, choose Draw > XYPlot, -orOn the Drawing toolbar, click the XYPlot button 3. Release the mouse button. The Define XYPlot dialog opens with the General tab open. Use the tabs to: General Tab (page 100)Select tags to be plotted. Display Format Tab (page 104)Choose what to show in the Legend and on the Display. Plot Format Tab (page 105)Select how to color and style the plot elements, such as trace pens and background. .
2. Drag a rectangle on the display to create the boundaries.
4. Click OK. The XYPlot appears. To revise an existing XYPlot, select Build mode and double-click the XYPlot. The Define XYPlot dialog appears. Make your changes and click OK.
Note: Click Undo to restore your original plot.
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General Tab
Plot TitleEnter a plot title. Change it later if you wish. Tags in PlotSelect the tags or data sets you want to plot.
Enter tag names by typing in the list or by using the Tag Search button or the Data set arrow. Tag Search button: Click this button to reach the Tag Search dialog, where you may choose the X-tag and one or more Y-tags for your plot. When you have selected tags or data sets through this dialog, they will appear on the Tags in Plot list. Dataset Retrieval Arrowhead button: Click this arrowhead to choose a data set for plotting. The data set values may be retrieved through ODBC or through a PI Calculation.
After you complete the configuration of your data set selection, they appear as tag names in the Tags in Plot text box. An Options radio button appears next to each tag name.
Select the Options radio button to choose the X-axis tag. Unselected tags are Y-axis
tags. If a tag that is selected as the X-axis is deleted, the first tag in the list becomes the X-axis tag. Use the four toolbar buttons on the title bar to rearrange this list. They are, in order, Add, Delete, Up Arrow, and Down Arrow.
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ServerEnter or select a PI Server name. This field is only used when a PI Tag name is
typed directly into the list.

Configure Pairings Once the tags are listed in the Tags in Plot list, configure the method for pairing values between X and Y in the Data Retrieval Methods box.
X Tagchoose either Recorded or Interpolated for the retrieval method.
Interpolatedan interval may be entered in the Plot Time section. Interpolated is the default for tags and is disabled for ODBC and Custom data sets. This method retrieves interpolated values for the specified time range in regular intervals. For example, if the time range is *-1h to * and the Interval is 10m, then six values spaced 10 minutes apart are returned. RecordedRetrieves archive values between the specified start and end time.
Y Tag(s)the Y tag data retrieval method applies to individually selected tags in the
Tags in Plot list (unless the Use for all Y tags check box is selected). The default data retrieval method for Y tags is Synchronize.
Y Tags, paired by position in the listTo use multiple time ranges, select Recorded or
Interpolated. In this case, data is paired by position in the point list. If Interpolated is selected for the X tag as well, the interval value for the Y tag defaults to the one for the X tag. When Recorded is the retrieval mechanism, the results are not skewed by minor timestamp differences.
Y Tags, paired by timestampsto pair values by time, rather than by list position,
choose one of these retrieval methods: Synchronize, Match, Match or Previous, or Match or Next. Synchronizesynchronizes data found for X with data for Y using the timestamps for the X data. Matchfind the point for Y corresponding to the exact timestamp as X. Match or Previousfind the point for Y corresponding to the exact timestamp as X. If there is none, find the value that is the closest but earlier in time. Match or Nextfind the point for Y corresponding to the exact timestamp as X. If there is none, find the value that is the closest, but later in time. Synchronize and Matchuse different PI SDK value retrieval methods. Synchronize uses TimedValues. Match uses RecordedValues and then uses the values where the timestamps match. TimedValuesMatch uses RecordedValues and then uses the values where the timestamps match.
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Note: Synchronize is disabled for ODBC and Custom data sets.
If you select Synchronize or any of the Match options, the start and end times for that tag are set the same as for the X tag and cannot be changed.
Note: The XYPlot supports ODBC data sets that don't contain timestamps. This type of entry must be plotted as a Y-tag, and data values must be retrieved using the Recorded retrieval method. If a tag is changed from a Y tag to an X tag and has a value for Retrieval Method that is only valid for Y tags, the method is changed to Interpolated. If the tag is a data set, the method is changed to Recorded.
In all cases, if a pair is not made, the unmatched Y points are ignored.
Use for all Y tagsSelecting this box indicates that the Y-tags data retrieval mechanism
applies for all Y-tags. If one of the tags is a Custom or ODBC data set and the selection mechanism is Interpolated or Synchronize, the selection mechanism will be Recorded or Match respectively for that tag only. Scale Box In the Scale Box, set the scale ranges for all tags.
Single Y Scalecombines all tag values onto one scale. Multiple Y Scalesprovides a separate scale for each tag. This choice does not change
the scale min and max values, but allows them to be configured independently by selecting each Y tag and making changes. Regardless of your selection, you may independently configure the X scale tag.
MaxAutorange uses the maximum value plotted. You may enter an absolute value here
as well. Default is Autorange. Database uses the zero plus span value of the tag in the PI Archive to determine the max. Database with a data set plot uses the maximum value plotted.
MinAutorange uses the minimum value plotted. You may enter an absolute value here
as well. Default is Autorange. Database uses the zero value of the tag in the PI Archive to determine the min. Database with a data set plot uses the minimum value plotted.
FormatSelects the number format of the Y scale, legend entries, cursor values, and
ToolTip values. Plot Time You can set the time for each tag as it is highlighted in the Tags in Plot box. If a Y tag is selected and its selection mechanism is not Recorded or Interpolated, then these boxes are disabled.
StartThe start time of the XYPlot. The list includes *-1h (minus one hour), *-4h, *-8h,
*-1d, *-7d. The default is *-8h.

EndThe end time of the XYPlot. The list includes *, *-1h, *-4h, *-8h, *-1d, *-7d.
The default is * (current time).

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IntervalThis field is enabled when the retrieval method is Interpolated. It provides a
sampling interval for data. When you have completed configuring the fields on the General tab, click the Display Format (page 104) tab.
Add a Data set to an XYPlot 1. In Build mode, choose Draw > XYPlot, -orOn the Drawing toolbar, click the XYPlot button 3. Release the mouse button. The Define XYPlot dialog opens with the General tab open. 4. Click the arrow next to the Tag Search button. 5. Select ODBC or PI Calculation to see the corresponding Dataset Details or PI Calculation Data configuration dialog. 6. When you have completed the configuration, click OK to exit the configuration dialog. The data set name appears in the Tags in Plot box. 7. In the Define XYPlot dialog, click OK to see the plot. .
2. Drag a rectangle on the display to create the boundaries.
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Display Format Tab
Legend Choose the legend elements that appear in the XYPlot. Tag NameLists the entries in Tags in Plot. Selected by default. Srvr NameSelect this check box to prepend the tag name with the server name. Cleared by default. DescriptionThe tag description may be displayed on the legend. Selected by default. ValueThe last value of the tag plotted may be displayed. For digital and string tags, a string value is shown. Selected by default. Engineering UnitsSelected by default. If the tag does not report units, they are not shown on the legend for that tag. Correlation CoefficientA check indicates that the correlation coefficient should be calculated and displayed on the legend. Selected by default.
Display Select the optional elements to be included in the XYPlot. Plot TitleSelected by default.
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Draw an XYPlot
Vertical Scale Inside AxisCheck this box to show the vertical scale to the right of the Vertical Axis, inside the plot area. Selected by default. GridsCheck this box to include vertical and horizontal grid lines. Selected by default. On the Plot Format Page, you can configure the appearance of the major and minor grid lines. Linear Correlation LineCheck this to show a linear regression line. The default is cleared, which does not draw a line. Connecting LinesCheck this box to show the paired points connected with straight lines in the order they are plotted. Selected by default. Clear the box to configure a scatter plot with points only, no lines.
Sample This area displays a sample XYPlot with the options you have selected. When you have completed the Display Format page, click the tab for the Plot Format page.
Plot Format Tab

In the Plot Format tab of the Define XYPlot dialog, you can select colors and styles for the various elements of your plot.
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XYPlots
Plot Elementdrop-down list of the elements you can configure, such as major and
minor gridlines, background colors, text font, etc. Pens correspond to the X-and Y tags listed in the order in the Tags in Plot box on the General tab.
Element FormatAfter you select an element in the Plot Element drop-down,
available formatting options appear. A drop-down arrow is grayed out if the option is not configurable. For example, text has color but no line style options. Line StyleDetermines the line style for the selected element. Line WeightDetermines the line weight for the selected element. If the selected element does not have a line weight property, this field is disabled. Marker ShapeDetermines the marker shape for pen elements. ColorDetermines the color for the selected element. Pen elements apply the color to the line and marker. Last Marker ColorAllows selection of a different color for the last marker for a pen. If Match Trace is true (selected), this field is disabled. If the selected element does not have a marker, this field is disabled. Next To Last Marker ColorAllows selection of a different color for the secondto-last marker for a pen. If Match Trace is true (selected), this field is disabled. If the selected element does not have a marker, this field is disabled. Match TraceDetermines whether all marker colors match the trace color (true) for a pen. If set to false, the Last Marker Color and Next To Last Marker Color fields are enabled so the marker color can be changed for those two plotted points. By default, this field is selected (true). If the selected element does not have a marker, this field is disabled.
SampleProvides a preview of your formatting changes.
Ad-hoc XYPlots
You can draw an XYPlot in Run mode on an ad hoc basis. Click the XYPlot button begin, and follow the steps described in Drawing an XYPlot (page 99). to
XYPlot Statistics
The XYPlot Statistics dialog [deprecated] allows you to view and export raw data values and statistics, such as the mean and standard deviation of each tags data. You can also view these statistics in the Details Window (page 135). To open the XYPlot Statistics dialog: 1. In Run Mode, double-click the XYPlot symbol. Your cursor turns into a pointer. 2. Use the pointer to double-click an XYPlot on your display. The Statistics dialog appears. 3. In the Options drop-down list, select Raw Data or Statistics.
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Draw an XYPlot
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XYPlots
To save this data to a text file: 1. Click the Save Data to File button. The Save As dialog appears. 2. Enter a file name in the Save As dialog. The data is saved to the file in the following format: Tag, <tag name> Start Time, <start time> End Time, <end time> Count, < number of points paired> Mean, <mean> STDEV, <standard deviation> Data Type, <data type> Index, Time, Value, Status <index>, <time>, <value>, <status> <index>, <time>, <value>, <status> Tag, <tag name> Start Time, <start time> End Time, <end time> Count, < number of points paired> Mean, <mean> STDEV, <standard deviation> Correlation, <correlation coefficient> Slope, <slope> Intercept, <intercept> Data Type, <data type> Index, Time, Value, Status <index>, <time>, <value>, <status> <index>, <time>, <value>, <status> Etc.
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Linear Regression by Least Squares
Linear Regression by Least Squares

The best-fit linear regression line is a straight line that attempts to summarize the trend of the points. This line may be shown on the XYPlot. The best-fit line has the formula:
Where m is the slope and b is the offset. To calculate m, we use the following equation:
To calculate b, the following equation is used:
Once m and b are known, the value of y that intersects the best-fit line can be calculated.
Correlation Coefficient
The Correlation Coefficient (r) varies between -1 and +1. Positive values indicate that as X increases, Y also increases. Negative values indicate that as X increases, Y decreases. A value of zero indicates no correlation in the way the sets of values vary. The Correlation Coefficient for a set of points is calculated using the following formula: (n is the number of points, s is the standard deviation). You can display the correlation coefficient in the plot legend.
Note: Bad data points are not included in this calculation.
Standard deviation(s) is calculated using the following formula:
The mean is the arithmetic average.
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XYPlots
Interpreting an XYPlot
In PI ProcessBook the XYPlot is a dynamic symbol. It has specialized characteristics, such as its statistical calculations, which are described in the following paragraphs.
Point Properties Data may be retrieved from PI or from independent data sets. Use the Tag Properties button or the right mouse menu Properties item to determine the attributes of the points in your XYPlot . Scroll Feature Scrolling is available from the ProcessBook toolbar. When time scrolling is used on an XYPlot symbol, all tags time ranges are changed to support the scroll duration. Plot Values In a typical XYPlot, the current value for X appears below the plot. The current values for the two different Y tags appear at the upper right. Below each one is the correlation coefficient for that XY pair. The dots and lines on the plot are colored to match the tags. Plot values appear in a small box over the plot when the mouse cursor is hovering over an actual plotted point pair. The following illustration shows an example.
In the figure above, if there had been more than one Y tag, each one would be displayed on a different line. The X tag information is placed at the bottom. For digital or string tags, the text value is displayed in the tool tip. You can also view plot values by double-clicking the title bar and choosing the Raw Data option, rather than the Statistics option.
Zoom/Revert Functions
You can enlarge a portion of an XYPlot by using the Zoom feature.
Enlarge the whole plot to fill the display window

1. In Run mode, double-click the plot. 2. To reduce the plot to its original size, double-click it again. It does not update while enlarged.
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Zoom/Revert Functions
Enlarge a small area of the plot

1. Place the mouse cursor on the upper left corner of the area to be zoomed. 2. Hold the left mouse button down while dragging a rectangle to cover the appropriate area. When you release the mouse, this area is enlarged to the borders of the original plot.
Original plot
Drag Zoom Completed
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XYPlots
Note: The zoom area must be smaller than the plot area and cannot include the outer 20 percent of the plot. If the mouse is dragged past the plot boundary, the zoom rectangle stops at the border until the mouse reappears within the boundary. If the mouse is dragged off the plot symbol boundary, the zoom is canceled.
Revert
1. Click Undo to return the plot to its state directly before the zoom occurred. 2. Click the Revert button to return the plot to its configured appearance.
Change Time Range Feature

1. Choose View > Time Range. -orOn the Time Range toolbar, click the Change Time Range button The Change Time Range dialog opens. 2. Enter new values in the Time Span box. All tags are affected when you change the range in this dialog box. 3. Click the Revert (page 13) button on the Time Range tool bar its configured appearance. to return the plot to .
XYPlot Cursors
The cursor for an XYPlot includes both a horizontal and a vertical line. The mouse cursor is at the cross point of both cursor lines. You must be in Run mode to use the XYPlot cursor. To create a cursor, place the mouse very close to either the X- or Y-axis. Drag the cursor onto the plot. In the XYPlot below, you can see an XYPlot cursor at the Y axis that is not yet intersecting any points on the plot.
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Bad Status Indicators
You can also see an XYPlot cursor that was dropped on a point. The X and Y values appear in small boxes outside the axes. Using the mouse, you may position and release the cursor over any point on the XYPlot. If the cursor is dropped on an area that contains no points, the cursor snaps to the nearest point.
Move the XYCursor from Point to Point

Once you have dropped an XYCursor on a point, use the arrow keys to move from point to point in time order. For example, pressing the right arrow key moves the cursor to the point that is plotted immediately after the current point in the same series. The left arrow moves the cursor to the point that is plotted immediately before the current point in the same series. The up arrow moves the cursor to the first point in the previous series. The down arrow moves the cursor to the first point in the next series. The cursor looks the same when it is dropped. The information on the XYCursor point pair is shown in a box on each axis. If the tags are digital or string, the text value is shown in the box rather than a numeric value. Placing the mouse cursor over one of the cursor boxes shows the time of the point.
Bad Status Indicators

If a single point of a pair contains a bad status, an X appears on the axis of the good point at its value. If both points of a pair contain bad statuses, an X appears at the origin of the plot. The XYPlot symbol supports Questionable, Annotated, and Substituted indicators.
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XYPlots
Out of Range Indicators

When a point on the XYPlot falls above or below the X or Y scale range, it is not visible. This may be because the plot is zoomed or because the scales have been set within a certain range that does not cover the actual data. In order to indicate there is a point outside of the visible area, an X is used. By default, a straight line connects the points in the order that they are plotted. This line attempts to connect hidden points as well. An X is placed at each position where this line crosses the top or bottom of the plot area.
Too Many Points

When an X Tag has too many points to show on the plot, you receive and error message and no points are shown. The maximum number is 10,000 points.
Examples of XYPlots
For these examples, the X-axis represents one of the values in the pair and the Y-axis represents the other. The configuration of these axes regarding minimum and maximum values and interval (or unit) settings is left to you.
Example 1: Create an XYPlot on a display in PI ProcessBook to compare values for two PI tags
1. On the Drawing toolbar, click the XYPlot button and drag to form the bounding rectangle for the plot. The Define XYPlot dialog appears. 2. Enter a title for the plot and select 2 tags to be entered in the Tags in Plot list. 3. Click an option button to select one tag to be the X tag. 4. Use the default settings for time range, scale, and retrieval method. 5. Click the Display Format tab and check the box for the regression line. 6. Select the Plot Format tab and accept the default values. 7. Click OK and the plot appears.
Example 2: Compare different tags to help optimize equipment performance

For example, suppose an engineer has just completed some optimization work on Boiler1, one of the four boilers in the plant. He wants to optimize the other three boilers (Boiler2, Boiler3, and Boiler4) so that they perform at the same level. After adjusting the three boilers, he wants to see how closely they perform to the optimized Boiler1.
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Examples of XYPlots
Assume that all four boilers run identical processes. 1. Plot the temperature of Boiler1 (the B1Temp tag) on the X-axis of an XYPlot and the temperatures of the other three boilers (B2Temp, B3Temp and B4Temp) on the Y-axis. 2. Use the same time range for all four tags. 3. Select a single scale so that the Boilers 2, 3 and 4 are compared directly against Boiler1. 4. Configure the plot to show the correlation co-efficient for each of the boilers. By viewing how far from the regression line each of the boilers falls, you can determine how closely their performance matches and which boilers you should continue to adjust. When all three boilers have an acceptable correlation coefficient, you know the work is complete.
Example 3: Lab Comparisons

An engineer wants to compare lab results from his lab to those of another lab for the same sample of material. The plant's quality assurance lab has instituted some new testing procedures. In order to gauge the validity of the new testing procedures, an engineer wants to compare results from the new process against data from an outside lab that is known to have valid testing procedures. 1. Put the results from the in-house lab into a data set. 2. Place the results for the same test from the other lab into another data set. 3. Selects each data set as a tag in the plot, and select which one to be the X-axis. 4. Choose Recorded as the retrieval mechanism for each data set so that the results are not skewed by minor timestamp differences. If the XYPlot shows the results from the new process are well correlated with the outside lab's data, the new test procedure is validated.
Example 4: Comparing a Batch Run to a Standard

An engineer wants to compare sample measurements taken from one Batch run and compare them to a fixed set of measurements he knows to be desirable. 1. Select the fixed set of measurements by choosing the appropriate tag or data set and indicating it is to be used for the X-axis. 2. Select the appropriate tags for the comparison batches, entering their specific time ranges. 3. Use Recorded values for all retrieval mechanisms. The data points are paired according to their position in the events list. The XYPlot shows how closely the results correlated by how closely the points fall on a linear regression line. Points that fall outside this line may indicate problems with the batch run.
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XYPlots
Example 5: Comparing Two Time Ranges

An engineer wants to compare the performance of a Boiler unit over two time ranges. He needs to determine whether a boiler's performance has degraded over time or whether there are specific problems with the equipment. To do this, he creates an XYPlot that compares the temperature tag data from two different time ranges. 1. Enter the tag twice and assign one instance as the X tag. 2. Enter separate time ranges for each tag. Values are paired by their position in the list. If the points fall close to a linear regression line, you can assume the boiler's performance is at least steady. If some points are far from the line, it may indicate that the equipment has a specific problem.
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Chapter 7
Additional Symbols
Dynamic Symbols
Values
A Value is the reading obtained at a particular moment in time for a tag in the PI Archive. A value is shown as a number or a digital state string. The tag name and time stamp may also be shown. The time stamp is the time stamp from the PI Archive. Add a Dynamic Value 1. In Build mode, open a display. 2. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Value button -orChoose Draw > Value. The mouse pointer changes to the Value pointer. 3. Click in the display where you want the value to be placed. When you release the mouse button, the Define Value dialog is displayed. .
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Additional Symbols
4. In the Server drop-down list, select the PI Server to use. If a tag name is manually entered in the Tag box, it is expected to be on the selected server. If both server and tag name are entered in the Tag box, this field is updated with the entered server name. This field has no effect for non-PI data. 5. In the Tag box, type the name of the tag you want to display in the value box. -orClick the Tag Search button to locate the tag. -orClick the Tag Search arrow to see more search options.
Note: The Sample area shows how the value will look.
6. In the Format drop-down list, select a number for the value, or type your own format (page 119). 7. In the Tag drop-down list, select the location of the tag name in the value box (None, Left, Right, Top, or Bottom). 8. In the Time stamp drop-down list, select the location of the time stamp in the value box (None, Left, Right, Top, or Bottom). 9. Click OK to add the value to the display.
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Dynamic Symbols
Table of Format Values The following number formats are available in PI ProcessBook. The characters used for the decimal and grouping are based on the Regional Settings on the computer where PI ProcessBook is installed.
Format General 0 0.00 #,##0 #,##0.00 (#,##0) (#,##0.00) 0% 0.00% Scientific Database Value -25.434 25.59 17.246 -1732.87 -1732.87 -1732.87 -1732.87 3.25 3.25 3.25 Result -25.434 26 17.25 -1,733 -1,732.87 (1,733) (1,732.87) 325% 325.00% 3.25000E+00
Uses the Display Digits attribute for the tag from the PI System.
The following table describes how to create a custom number format mask.
Symbol # 0 Explanation Placeholder for a digit. Leading and decimal zeros are not displayed Placeholder for a digit. Leading and decimal zeros are displayed.
Button
You can add a button to your drawing that: Opens an independent display (.pdi)
For example: Create a drawing that shows the first part of a general process and add a button that opens a more detailed process in a separate display. Create a drawing and add a button that opens a PI DataLink spreadsheet to show a report.
Opens a ProcessBook (.piw)
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Additional Symbols
You can add a button to your drawing that: Executes an operating system command
For example: Create a drawing and add a button that opens an independent PI ProcessBook display (.pdi file) on a web site. Note: You need to enter the URL (Uniform Resource Locator) address that points to the location of the specific .pdi file on a web server. Create a VBA script called AddTrend that inserts a trend on a display. Add a button to the display and configure it to use the AddTrend script (macro) as its Action.
Executes a VBA script
Add a Button 1. In Build mode, open a display. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Button button Choose Draw > Button. The mouse pointer changes to the Button pointer. 2. Click in the display where you want to add the button and drag the pointer to form a rectangle into which the button will be placed. When you release the mouse button, the Define Button dialog appears. 3. In the Text box, type the name of the button.
Note: The name should be no more than one or two words, and should describe the action the button performs when clicked.
, or
4. Click the Browse button, or Click the Browse arrow to see more options. The Open dialog appears. 5. Browse and locate the item that you want to be the button action and then click the Open button.
Note: If you know the file or macro name, then you can type this directly in the Action box.
The name of the selected item is displayed in the Action box. 6. Click the Browse button to the right of the Working folder box.
Note: The Working folder box allows you to specify the working folder for operating system commands. It is ignored if the Action refers to a document type supported by ProcessBook. If you know the name of the working folder for this application, then you can type this directly in the Working folder box.
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Dynamic Symbols
The Browse for Folder dialog appears. 7. Browse and locate the folder that you want to specify for the operating system command, and then click OK. 8. Leave the appropriate Options check box selected if you want to: Open a linked display in a new window. This option is selected by default. Use the relative path before the absolute path.
Note: By default, ProcessBook attempts to open a linked display from its relative path first. If the relative path fails, then the absolute path is attempted. Clearing this box reverses the order in which the paths are resolved. For new displays, this option is checked by default.
Ignore the default shell command for recognized file types (for example, SVG).
Note: If the file type is supported by ProcessBook (either natively or through an addin), then it is opened directly. For example, an .svg file is opened using the .svg File Converter in ProcessBook, even if you have Adobe SVG Viewer installed. Clearing this check box disables this behavior, so the default shell command is always used to open a file.
9. Click OK. The button is added to your display.
Bars
A Bar shows the current value of a tag as compared to a specified range of values. For example, a bar may be used to create the effect of a vessel filling and emptying, as the value changes. The range of values can be the maximum and minimum values specified in the point attributes, or, a bar can be designed to show a specific range of values. For example, if a tags specified value is between 0 and 100 but it typically falls between 0 and 30, a bar can designed to show that range. However, if the value is outside the range of the bar, the bar will appear the same as a value right at one of the limits of the bar. The start of the bar may be within the limits of the bar. This lets you display deviations from a standard or target value. Bad values are shown with hash marks across the entire bar.
Create a Dynamic Bar Creating a bar for a value allows you to see how the current value compares to the possible range of values. Since bars are dynamic, they are updated as the information changes from the PI Server. Bars may also be used to display the result of a data set query. String and timestamp data is not supported on Bar symbols.
Additional Symbols
You can draw a bar using the current line style, line color, and fill attributes. 1. In Build mode, open a display. 2. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Bar button Choose Draw > Bar. The mouse pointer changes to the Bar pointer. 3. Click in the display where you want to add the bar and drag the pointer to form a rectangle into which the bar will be placed. When you release the mouse button, the Define Bar dialog appears. , or
4. In the Server drop-down list, select the server to use for manually entered tags. If the server and tag name are both entered in the Tag box, this field is updated to show the new server name. This field is ignored for non-PI data. 5. In the Tag box, type the name of the tag you want to display on the bar. -orClick the Tag Search button to locate the tag. -orClick the Tag Search arrow to see more search options.
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6. From the Upper and Lower drop-down lists, select the maximum and minimum values you want to use for the bar. Select a constant, or choose Tag Zero() or TagZero()+TagSpan() for either or both values.
Note: If you choose a maximum value that is too small, the bar will be fully colored but there will be no warning that it has exceeded the maximum.
7. From the Start drop-down list, select the point on the bar from which you want to start drawing the bar. Select a constant, or select TagZero()+TagSpan() or Tag Zero(). 8. Under Orientation, select one of the options to display the bar either vertically or horizontally.
Note: The Sample area shows how the bar will look.
9. Click OK to add the bar to the display.

Multi-State Symbols
A Multi-State symbol changes color to reflect changes in value for a particular tag or data set value. Any symbol except a trend, XYPlot, graphic, button, or OLE object can be made a Multi-State symbol by assigning a tag to it. String and timestamp data cannot be used to configure multi-state behavior. You determine the number of value ranges, and the colors assigned to each range. As the value of the tag changes, the Multi-State symbol changes color to reflect the current value. You can make a symbol seem to disappear by setting a state color to the background color or to a color of none. For alarms or other purposes, you can set a state color to blink. For example, you may have a symbol showing two states. State 1 has a value range from 0 to 50 and a color of blue assigned to it. State 2 may have a range from 50 to 100 and have red assigned to it. When the reading is 50 or below, the symbol appears blue. Above 50, the symbol appears red. A color and sometimes a blinking attribute are assigned for bad data. For digital point types, a different color may be assigned to each state.
Create Dynamic Multi-State Symbols You can create a Multi-State symbol after you have drawn a symbol or copied one from the Symbol Library dialog. 1. In Build mode, open a display.
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Additional Symbols
2. Click the symbol that you want to use for creating a Multi-State symbol. On the Formatting toolbar, click the Multi-State Symbol button Choose Edit > Multi-State. 3. The Multi-State Symbol dialog appears. , or
4. In the Server drop-down list, select the server to use for entered tags. If a server and tag are both entered in the Tag box, this field is updated with the new server name. This box does not apply to non-PI data. 5. In the Tag box, type the name of the tag you want to assign. -orClick the Tag Search button to locate the tag. -orClick the Tag Search arrow to see more search options. 6. In the Number of States box, select the number of states to usel. If the number of states is not entered, the number defaults to 2. (For digital tags, the number of states is automatically set to the number of defined states for that tag.) 7. From the Color for Bad Data drop-down color palette, select a color that will be used when the information is in bad status. You may also select the Blink check box to call attention to the symbol when data is bad (optional). 8. In the State box, select 1. 9. In the Values box, type in a new value.
Note: The Values boxes display a range of values for each state. The total range of the tag is automatically divided by the number of states. For digital tags, the state name is displayed in these boxes. For other tag types, an estimate is made based on the span of values for the tag.
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10. From the Color drop-down color palette, select a color that will be used for the state. You may also select the Blink check box (optional). 11. Repeat Steps 9 and 10 for each state in the symbol. Your choices and the relative range of values are displayed on the bar at the bottom of the dialog box. 12. Click OK.
Note: You can remove a Multi-State symbol definition by clicking the Convert to Static button, which breaks the link between the symbol and the tag. Note: PI ProcessBook allows you to create custom placeholders for a symbol based on a summary Data Set. Placeholders are not allowed for expression Data Sets. The Custom Placeholders button in symbol definition dialog boxes allows you to specify different PI Tags for a PI Summary Data Set. The change applies only to the configured symbol. See Add or Edit Placeholders (page 163) for details.
Static Symbols
Text Symbol
The text symbol allows you to put one line of text on a display. Multiple lines of text are not supported. When this symbol is first added to the display, a text box with a blinking text cursor is displayed. You can add or edit text by double-clicking the Text symbol while in Build mode, which provides the text cursor. Unlike most other ProcessBook symbols, this symbol is not sized by dragging an area on the display. Instead, the symbol is sized to accommodate the text within. When text is added, the symbol grows in size and when text is removed the symbol size shrinks. The size of the font used also affects the size of the symbol. You can format the text symbol for font and color. Text symbols have all the functionality of other static symbols except rotating and flipping. Add Text to a Display Use the Text tool to add text to a display. 1. In Build mode, open a display. 2. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Text button Choose Draw > Text. The mouse pointer changes to a text pointer. 3. Click in the display where you want to add the text. 4. Type the text in the text block. (You can only type the text on one line. It will not wrap.) , or
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Note: Text block refers to the text area associated with a shape that appears when you click the shape with the text tool or select it with the pointer tool.
5. When you finish typing, press ESC or click outside the text block. Edit a Text Box 1. In Build mode, open a display and double-click the text block you want to edit. 2. Click where you want to add or edit text. 3. Type to add text or edit the text. 4. When you finish typing, press ESC or click outside the text block. Move a Text Block 1. In Build mode, open a display. 2. Click the text block you want to move, drag it to the new location, and then release the mouse button.
Line Symbol
Lines within a drawing can be diagonal, horizontal, or vertical. Attributes you can change include line color and whether a line is dotted or dashed, thick or thin, and with or without arrowheads. Draw a Line 1. In Build mode, open a display. 2. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Line button Choose Draw > Line. 3. The mouse pointer changes to the line pointer. 4. Point to where you want to start the line. 5. Drag to draw the line. Press the SHIFT key while drawing to constrain the line to a horizontal or vertical line. , or
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Rectangle, Square, Arc, Ellipse, and Circle Symbol
Using the drawing tools, you can create these simple shapes:
Rectangle, Square Arc Ellipse, Circle
Draw a Rectangle, Square, Arc, Ellipse, or Circle 1. In Build mode, open a display. 2. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Rectangle Click the appropriate tool. The mouse pointer changes to a tool pointer. The appearance of the pointer indicates the type of tool you have chosen. 3. Click the display to place the upper left corner of the shape, and drag down and to the right to create a shape of the desired size. Press SHIFT while drawing to constrain the object to a square, circle, or circular arc. 4. Release the mouse button to complete a Rectangle, Square, Ellipse, or Circle. -or5. If you used the arc tool, one quarter of the shape is drawn. Click on it and resize it to the desired shape. Click and drag the end of the arc to change the angle. Press SHIFT to change the angle in 15-degree increments. When the arc is first drawn, the handle for reshaping the angle is just inside the resize handle. , Arc ,or Ellipse button , or
Example of an arc PI ProcessBook User Guide 127
Additional Symbols
Polygon Symbol
The Polygon tool draws irregular shapes. When you select the polygon tool the mouse pointer changes to a polygon pointer. Polygons are drawn using the current color and line style attributes.
Draw a Polygon 1. In Build mode, open a display. 2. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Polygon button Choose Draw > Polygon. The mouse pointer changes to the Polygon pointer. 3. Click inside the display where you want to start drawing the first point of the polygon (point "a" in the example below). 4. Drag to create the first side (point "a" to point "b" in the example below). 5. Release the mouse button to position the second point of the polygon (point "b" in the example below). 6. Click at each of the remaining points of the polygon (points "c" through "g" in example below). Lines are drawn between the clicks. 7. To close and fill the polygon, double-click to place the last point in the polygon (point "g" in the example below). This action draws a line from the last point to the first point (point "g" to point "a" in the example below). , or
Example of a Polygon
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Static Symbols
Polyline Symbol
A Polyline is a set of line segments that you can draw using the Polyline tool. It uses the current line style attributes. Once you add a Polyline symbol, you may edit it in the same manner as the existing Polygon symbol. You can move or resize the entire symbol, as well as move the individual endpoints to create any desired arrangement.
Draw a Polyline 1. In Build mode, open a display. 2. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Polyline button The mouse pointer changes to the Polyline pointer. 3. Click inside the display where you want the starting point of the first line segment. 4. Drag to the location of the second point to make the first line. Each time you click the mouse button again, a new line is drawn from the location of the previously plotted point to the current location of the mouse pointer. 5. To finish the Polyline drawing, double-click. Press ESC to cancel the line altogether.
Note: Press the Shift key while you draw to create Right Angle Polylines. Similarly, pressing Shift during editing manipulates a point orthogonally in relation to the next endpoint.
Graphic Symbol
In PI ProcessBook you can:

Include a graphic file from another application, such as Microsoft Visio or CorelDRAW. Use a drawing or picture as the background for your display, then add symbols to it. This
can reduce the amount of time you take to create a drawing.

Rotate or flip a picture. Add an illustration to a display, and store it within the display or link it to the original
graphic file. (Linking means that if the original graphic is edited or moved, it affects the appearance of the display as well.)
Load an image in one file format and later save it in a different format.
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Additional Symbols
Note: A drawing is display resolution dependent, which means it may look different from one monitor to another. Test the drawing on each monitor to see how it will look.
BMP CUR EMF ICO JPEG PNG SVG TIFF, TIF WMF Windows Bitmap file; standard, non-compressed bit-mapped graphic A file that contains an image that defines the shape of a cursor on the screen. Enhanced Metafile Format; 32-bit Microsoft Windows Metafile vector format that also supports raster images. A file that contains a graphic to be used as an icon. Joint Photographic Experts Group - Refers both to the standard for storing compressed images and a graphic stored in that format. Portable Network Graphics - graphic image format that utilizes lossless compression. Scalable Vector Graphics is a vector graphics language written in XML. Using SVG, graphics can be coded directly into an XML document. Tag Image File Format graphic image. The Windows Metafile Format - the original 16-bit native vector file format for the Microsoft Windows operating environment.
Add a Graphic 1. In Build mode, open a display. 2. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Graphic button Choose Draw > Graphic. The mouse pointer changes to a graphic pointer. 3. Click in the display where you want to add the image and drag the pointer to form a rectangle into which the graphic will be placed. When you release the mouse button, the Define Graphic dialog is displayed. , or
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4. Click the Browse button to locate the graphic drawing. -orIn the File Name box, type the path and file name of the graphic you want to insert. 5. Under Image Location, select: Embed if you want to update the graphic within the display file. Link if you want to store the graphic separately from the display file.
6. Under Format, select the appropriate option.

Note: Stretching the image to fit the bounding rectangle may distort the appearance of the graphic.
7. Click OK. 8. A copy of the graphic is added to the display.
Symbol Library
A large selection of symbols is available in the Symbol Library. Many of these have characteristics such as color, fill type, orientation, or background, which you can modify. On the installation CD, OSIsoft provides several other commonly used symbols in the ProcessBook called SYMLIBRY.PIW. This is usually installed in C:\Program Files\ProcessBook\ProgramFiles\pipc\Procbook\SYMLIBRY.PIW. You can cut and paste these symbols into a display.
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Add a Symbol from the Symbol Library 1. In Build mode, open a display. 2. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Symbol Library button -orOn the Draw menu, click Symbol Library.The mouse pointer changes to the Symbol Library pointer. 3. Click in the display where you want to add the symbol and drag the pointer to form a rectangle into which the symbol will be placed. When you release the mouse button, the Symbol Library dialog appears. 4. Under Categories, click the type of symbols you want to use, such as Boilers, Controllers, Valves, etc. .
5. Click Options (page 132) to modify your symbol. 6. Click OK to add the symbol to your display. Symbol Library Options 1. In the Symbol Library (page 132) dialog, a selection of symbols is displayed in the right-hand side of the dialog box, click the appropriate symbol, and then click the Options button. -orRight-click the symbol and click Symbol Options. The Symbol Options dialog appears.
Equation 1: 3 Alias Search tab on Tag Search dialog
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Configure the following options: Fill ModeEdits the way the image is drawn. Options include Original, Shaded, Solid or Hollow. Fill ColorClick the color box to change the fill color. FlipSelect Horizontal, Vertical, or Both to change the orientation of the symbol. The default setting is None. This setting returns the symbol to its original position. RotationSelect 90, 180, or 270 to turn the symbol by 90 degree increments. The default setting is 0. This setting returns the symbol to its original position. TransparentCheck this box if you want a transparent background. Background ColorIf the Transparent check box is not selected, you can click the color box to change the background color.
Note: You can also change the symbol's fill and background color directly on a trend by using the Fill Color and Background Color Symbol Formatting toolbar. buttons on the
2. Click the Defaults button if you want to revert to the default settings. 3. Click OK to accept the changes and return to the Symbol Library (page 132) dialog.
Change the Appearance of a Symbol After you have created a symbol and added it to your display you can modify its appearance by using the buttons on the Symbol Formatting (page 63) toolbar.
Symbol Properties If you right-click a symbol in the Symbol Library, the focus box at the upper left reflects that symbol. A small dialog appears; you can choose either Symbol Options or Properties.
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If you choose Properties, you see a Symbol Properties dialog, which displays the Symbol description, Data size, Type, and Handle information. This information could be used in VBA automation of PI ProcessBook.
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Chapter 8
Work with Symbols

Before you can apply commands to display objects you must select them. You can select single or multiple items on a display. The commands available to apply to selected objects depend on whether the application state is in Build mode or Run mode. To select an object in either Build or Run mode, click on it one time while the mouse shows the selection arrow. You cannot select existing objects once a drawing tool is selected. In Build mode, selected objects display their resize handles. The resize handles are used to resize an object. In Run mode, selected objects have selection rectangles drawn around them. The color of the selection rectangle contrasts with the display background color and the size and shape are determined by connecting the resize handles (which are not seen in Run mode).
Details and Annotations

Details Window
Beginning in version 3.1, a Details docking window is available to show data from dynamic symbols. The window is only available in Run mode and initially appears along the right side of your ProcessBook window, however, you can click and drag it anywhere. The Details window is driven by selections in your display. Moving a plot cursor changes the rows highlighted to show the range of data. By default, the window remains open when a different display symbol is selected. The Details window is cleared when you switch to Build mode. If you open the Details window while in Build mode, the controls are all disabled.
Open Details Window Choose View > Details to display the Details window. Alternatively, you can select the Show Details and Annotations command from the Context Display Menu.
Details Window Components The Details window (page 135) contains the following components:
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Data SourceThis field allows you to choose a data source, including datasets and PI Tags(by default, the first trace or main data source for the selected symbol is shown). The Show All entry shows data for all the data sources in the selected symbol.
Note: If a dataset or XY Plot symbol returns more than 3,500 values the Show All option is not available. In addition, only the first 3,500 values are displayed. This value can be increased by adding the registry key HKCU\Software\PISystem\PI ProcessBook\DetailsAddin\MaxPoints (type DWORD) and setting it to the maximum number of points desired.
OptionThis field allows you to toggle between three different types of information about your data source. Datashows all rows for a selected symbol's time range. By default the table is sorted on the timestamp column in descending order. Click a heading to resort the table on a different column. Statisticsshows a table of available summary values available, for example, Average, Minimum, Maximum. Selecting this option disables the PI Annotation Maintenance window. Available statistics vary for each symbol type. Point Attributesshows an alphabetized list of PI point attribute values.
Each view option provides the following controls: <Symbol Name>The name of the symbol selected on the display is shown above the data table. Refresh data in all tables. Data shown does not automatically change after a Refresh symbol is first selected. You must use refresh to view any updates in the Details window. Enlarge/Shrink Font number of visible rows. Makes the text size bigger or smaller. This may reduce the
Allows you to copy the data table to your clipboard. You can then Copy to Clipboard paste this data into another location such as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.
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PI Annotations Maintenance
Annotations allow you to associate related information (such as text comments and other binary data) with any archive value. The PI Annotation Maintenance group at the bottom of the Details window (page 135) allows you to easily annotate values on your dynamic symbols.
The PI Annotation Maintenance group is located at the bottom of the Details window and is enabled so that annotations can be added, edited or viewed, provided that:
The selected data source is a PI Tag The target PI Server can read and write annotations A row representing an event is selected in the Data table
If the target PI Server (or collective) is unavailable or cannot accept edits from the current user, the control is disabled. If the PI Server becomes unavailable while you are entering an annotation and you then click the Save button, you will receive an error.
Note: If you select Show All from the Data Source drop-down box on the Details (page 135) window, the Value and Value Type fields in the PI Annotation Maintenance group are disabled.
Add Annotations 1. Open the Details (page 135) window 2. In Run mode, select a dynamic symbol on your display. 3. Click inside the Value text box and enter the information you wish displayed in your annotation. 4. Select a value from the Value Type drop-down box. at the top of the PI Annotations Maintenance group. An 5. Click the Save button annotation icon appears on the dynamic symbol. Hover over this icon to read your annotation. A record of the annotation also appears on the Details window when the Data option is selected.
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Note: You need to be running a PI Server 3.4 or higher for annotations to work correctly. Otherwise, it is possible that an annotated event will not only be marked as annotated, but will also be marked as substituted.
Pin Details Window

You can use the pin icon to lock the Details window on your screen. Click the pin icon again to unpin the window and minimize it along the border of your PI ProcessBook window. When the Details window is unpinned, a Details button appears along the side of the screen. Hover over the Details button to expand the Details window.
Select and Move a Symbol

1. In Build mode, open a display. 2. Click a symbol in your display. Small squares appear around the bounding rectangle of the symbol. 3. If you want to move the symbol, drag the symbol to the desired location within your display. Press the Tab key to toggle among different symbols in your display once a symbol is selected. When you press the Tab key you deselect the current object and select the next object in the tabbing order. The tabbing order follows the stacking order (page 140) on the display (by default, the order in which objects were added to the display). To cancel a selection on any one object press SHIFT while clicking the object to deselect. To cancel selection of all objects on a display, click on the display background (in a spot where there are no symbols).
Select Multiple Symbols

You can perform many of the editing and organizing functions on more than one symbol at a time. For example, once selected, you can move multiple symbols to a new location, edit the color of lines and fill for multiple symbols, or even flip and rotate multiple symbols. 1. In Build mode, open a display. 2. Do one of the following: To select all of the symbols in a drawing area, click Choose Edit > Select All. To select individual symbols, press SHIFT while clicking each symbol. Selection handles display around each selected item. To select several symbols at the same time, click near a symbol, and then drag to create a rectangle that includes all the symbols you want to select.
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Rotate a Symbol
To select symbols that are stacked on top of each other, click the top symbol. Selection handles appear. Continue clicking the top symbol to select symbols located under the top symbol.
3. Click the symbols you want to change or move. The selected symbols display handles.
Rotate a Symbol
You can rotate a drawing symbol in 15 or 1 increments. You cannot rotate text, graphics, or OLE objects. Symbol Library images can only be rotated in 90 increments. 1. Select the symbol you want to rotate. 2. Choose Arrange > Rotate. A rotation object appears in the center of the symbol. 3. Click a selection handle and drag in the direction that you want to rotate the symbol. The symbol is rotated in 1 increments. -orPress SHIFT while dragging to rotate in 15 increments.
Flip a Symbol
You can create a mirror image of a symbol by flipping it. You cannot flip text, graphics, or OLE objects. 1. Select the symbol you want to flip. 2. Choose Arrange > Flip > Horizontal to flip the symbol from right to left or Vertical to flip the symbol from top to bottom.
Delete a Symbol
When you want to delete a drawing symbol or group of symbols:
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1. Select a symbol or multiple symbols that you want to delete. 2. Press DELETE, -orChoose Edit > Clear.
Stacking Order
Each symbol you add to a drawing occupies its own space in the drawing. The layers, and therefore the symbols, are stacked on top of each other. By default, the first symbol you draw is at the bottom of the stacking order and the last symbol you draw is at the top of the stacking order. Using the stacking commands, you can move a symbol forward or backward within the stack (page 140). Depending on the number of objects between top and bottom, you may need to repeat a stacking command several times to move the symbol to the desired location within the stack.
Move a Symbol Forward or Backward in a Stack

1. Select the symbol you want to move. 2. On the Arrange menu, choose the direction you want to move the symbol: Click Forward to move it up one level. Click Backward to move it down one level. Click Bring to Front to move it to the top of the stack. Click Send to Back to move it to the bottom of the stack.
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Align Multiple Symbols
Align Multiple Symbols

You can align drawing symbols with each other. Use this feature to align symbols along their tops, bottoms, sides, or centers (either vertically or horizontally). The first symbol you select is the symbol to which others are aligned. When two or more value symbols are aligned, the text justification for each matches the alignment rule: left, center, or right. 1. Select the symbols you want to align. 2. Choose Arrange > Align. The Align submenu is displayed.
3. Click the alignment options you want. All the selected symbols are aligned to the symbol you first selected, along the axis you specify.
Examples of Alignment Options
Group, Ungroup, or Regroup symbols

When creating or manipulating complex shapes, it is sometimes easier to combine individual symbols into one. You can group two or more symbols together, or you can group several groups. Once grouped, any commands that you apply affect the composite symbol as if it were a single symbol. Select the symbols you want to group and from the Arrange menu choose one of the following:
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GroupThe symbols combine into one composite symbol with selection handles around the entire group. UngroupThe group is disassembled into its component symbols. RegroupYou do not need to re-select all the components to regroup a previously grouped set of symbols. This command is only enabled when it applies.
Connect Symbols
Connector Symbol
You can connect two symbols to each other using the Connector symbol. The Connector symbol remains attached to each of the connected symbols whenever one or both are moved. The advantage of using a Connector, rather than a line, is that the Connector remains attached to other symbols when you move the other symbols and avoids overlapping other symbols. The Connector is intended for modeling and automation purposes. Connection Points on each symbol define where the connection occurs. Connection Points can be added, deleted, or moved on a symbol. Connectors try to avoid objects as they are being connected between two symbols. The Connector symbol is supported by automation within PI ProcessBook.
Connect Two Symbols As Connectors are drawn, they are orthogonal to the display, meaning that they go horizontally or vertically. There are no diagonal connectors. Each end of a Connector attaches to a Connection Point on another symbol. If you have not already created a Connection Point on this symbol, a Connection Point is built automatically as you draw the Connector across a bounding line of the symbol. Connectors and Connection Points have unique numbers to help you manipulate them in the Connectors dialog box. You can open the Connectors dialog once you draw a Connector; even if it is not attached to any symbols. Do not manipulate Connectors by dragging and dropping them. Use the Connectors dialog to rearrange them. Follow these steps to connect two existing symbols on a display: 1. Click the Connector button -orChoose Draw > Connector. .
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2. Click on the first symbol, called the "Source," and drag the mouse into the second symbol, called the "Destination." The Connector arrow has a flow direction from the Source to the Destination. Connection Points appear on both symbols.
Note: If your mouse does not touch a symbol, you do not see a Connection Point. Do not adjust the Connector manually. If you do not see Connection Points on both symbols, delete the Connector and draw it again.
You can use Undo/Redo with Connectors.
Attach a Symbol to a Connector You can attach a symbol, such as a text box or a meter, to a Connector. Attaching is different from Connecting. An attached symbol moves with a connector but does not account for flow direction.
Note: To remove an attached symbol from a connector, click the symbol and drag it away from the connector.
Connection Points
Connection points on each symbol define where a Connector may connect. Connection Points are visible in Build mode only and appear on symbols as small x marks. When you select one with your cursor, it changes to an x within a bounding circle. ProcessBook symbols are originally built without Connection Points. A Connection Point is created automatically when a Connector is dragged into a symbol. This Point is created at the midpoint of the nearest edge of the bounding rectangle of the symbol. The end of the Connector is moved to the Connection Point. You may add Connection Points and move them to specific locations. A Connection Point can be used for either the start of the flow or the end of a flow. The same Connection Point can be used for both. A flow can be bi-directional. If a second Connector is dragged over a symbol, it either moves to the existing Connection Point or creates a new one. For irregular figures, Connection Points are placed near the midpoint of the side of the bounding rectangle of the figure, as shown in the illustration below, rather than inside the figure itself. You can adjust the position of the Connection Point to touch the actual figure.
Connector with Connection Point on the Bounding Rectangle
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Note: If a symbol is placed in front of another, the Connection Points on the hidden symbol cannot be selected. You can solve this problem by placing the two symbols on different layers of the display.
Add Connection Points If you want an additional Connection Point, you can add it as follows: 1. In Build mode, select the symbol. 2. Choose Edit > Connection Points > Add. A point appears at the upper left of the symbol. 3. If you wish, drag the new Connection Point to a different location.
Select among Multiple Connection Points on One Symbol After you select one Connection Point, you can press C on the keyboard to cycle through any additional Connection Points on that symbol. Delete Connection Points To delete a Connection Point from a symbol: 1. Select the Connection Point. 2. Choose Edit > Connection Points > Delete. Move Connection Points Connection Points may be moved to a new position within a symbol. To do this, click on a Connection Point in Build mode and drag it. For very fine adjustments, you can move Connection Points on a symbol. 1. In Build mode, click on a connection point. 2. Choose Edit > Connection Points > Move. The Connection Point Placement dialog appears, where you can edit the width and height ratios in comparison to the X and Y axes of the symbol.
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Determine the Identifying Number of a Connection Point In Build mode, if you place your mouse over a Connection Point, a tooltip shows you the Connection Point number. The following illustration refers to Connection Point 2 on Rectangle 1. These Connection Point numbers are used on the Connectors Dialog Flow tab (page 145).
Connection Point Numbering
In other words, Connection Points have identifying names that are derived from the symbol name. For example, for a rectangle named Rectangle2, two Connection Points would be named <Rectangle3 : 1> and <Rectangle 3 : 2>. If you are using a symbol from the Symbol Library, the Connection Point is named <TBSymbolx : n>, where TBSymbolx represents the specific name of the symbol.
Connectors Dialog
In Build mode, if you wish to adjust a Connector's end point, you might click and drag the end point. Unfortunately, this action stops the auto-avoidance capability of the Connector. Alternatively, you can use the Connectors dialog to rearrange connections. To reach this dialog: Click the Connectors toolbar button, -orChoose Edit > Connectivity, -orOn the right-click menu, click Connectivity. The Connectors dialog affects Connector symbols only. It cannot be used to attach one symbol to another symbol without a Connector. The Connectors dialog has two tabs, Flow and Attachments. Each Connector is identified by a unique number, which is revealed by a tooltip in your display.
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Connectors Dialog with Source and Destination Trees
Connectors Dialog, Flow Tab The Connectors Dialog, Flow tab specifies the source and destination of each Connector from one symbol's Connection Point to another symbol's Connection Point. The dialog is available whenever a Connector exists on a display. The Flow tab shows two tree diagrams, Source and Destination, where you can change the Connection Points for the Connector shown in the Connector drop-down box. There is also a Flow Direction drop-down box associated with the Connector that appears in the Connector drop-down box. Each Connector and each Connection Point are numbered.
Note: Use the tooltip on the display to identify the Connector(s) and Connection Point(s) you wish to rearrange before you open the Connectors dialog.
The Auto Avoid option is checked as a default, so that Connectors route around other objects in the display.
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Configure the Flow Tab 1. In Build mode, open the Connectors dialog (page 145). The Flow tab is in focus. 2. In the Connector drop-down box, select a Connector. Connectors are numbered; you can find a tooltip on the display to identify each one. In the Source and Destination boxes, you will see highlights for the current Connection Points for that Connector. 3. Modify the Flow Direction if you wish. 4. Click a new Connection Point on the Source tree to change the Source Connection Point. 5. Click a Connection Point on the Destination tree to change the Destination Connection Point. 6. Click Apply. This changes the display. 7. Repeat these steps for all Connectors on the display that you wish to modify. 8. Click OK. If the display is satisfactory, save it.
Connectors Dialog, Attachments Tab For very complex displays, it may be helpful to attach or arrange Connector Attachments through the Connectors Dialog, Attachments tab. (The Attachments tab does not include Connectors or symbols attached to other symbols.) If you do not check the Enable
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Connector Attachments on the Display Properties dialog, discussed above, you can still attach symbols to Connectors by using this dialog.
Connectors Dialog, Attachments tab
Configure the Attachments Tab 1. In Build mode, create a Connector (page 142). Notice its number in the tooltip. 2. Create the auxiliary symbol to be added to the Connector. 3. Open the Connectors dialog (page 145), and select the Attachments tab. 4. Choose a Connector from the numbered list in the drop-down box at the top. 5. After you select a Connector, unattached symbols on the display are listed in the Symbols box. Symbols that are already attached to the Connector appear in the Currently Attached box. Existing Source and Destination symbols that are connected to Connectors are not listed. 6. Highlight a symbol in the Symbols box that you want to add and click Add. The symbol now appears in the Currently Attached Box. 7. Adjust the position and placement of the attached symbol as needed. To move the symbol closer to one end of the Connector, double-click the specified % and change it. To move the symbol from the top of the Connector to another placement, doubleclick the default Top and choose Left, Right, or Bottom.
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8. Click Apply and select another Connector to adjust. 9. If you need to remove an attachment, highlight the attachment in the Currently Attached box and click Remove. 10. When you are finished adjusting, click OK.
Attach a Symbol as an Adjunct to a Connector

Sometimes it is desirable to attach a symbol, such as a flow meter or a text label, along a Connector so that the symbol moves as the Connector does. This subordinate symbol is called a symbol attachment. Note that this is different from connecting a symbol to either end of a Connector. To attach a symbol to a Connector, follow these steps: 1. Choose Edit > Display to open the Display Properties dialog. 2. Be sure the Enable Connector Attachments option is checked. Click OK. 3. Create the subordinate symbol and drag and drop it across the Connector. The subordinate attachment is attached to the Connector. The placement is snapped either left/right or top/bottom depending upon the orthogonal direction of the connector at the position where the attachment has been placed. 4. To attach symbols to Connectors, select the Connector, then choose Edit > Symbol Attachments.
Attach a Symbol as an Adjunct to Another Symbol

You may want to attach two or more symbols (not Connector Symbols) so that they move together but do not become a Composite Symbol. For example, you might attach a text label symbol to a pump symbol. The text symbol is subordinate to the pump symbol and follows the pump symbol if the latter is moved. The advantage of this method of attachment is that each symbol in the group retains its identity and can be acted on individually for automation purposes. 1. Select at least two symbols. This enables the Symbol Attachments icon 2. Click the Symbol Attachments icon, or Choose Edit > Symbol Attachments, or On the right-click menu, click Symbol Attachments. The Symbol Attachments dialog appears. The symbols you selected appear in the Attachments dialog as possible master or subordinate symbols. .
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3. Select the Master Symbol. As you change the Master, the title of the dialog changes also. 4. Place a check mark for the subordinate symbol or symbols and click OK. 5. Repeat the process for each Master symbol. The Detach All bar at the top can be used to remove all attachments from the currently selected symbol in the Master box. To detach only one attachment, clear its check box. 6. Click OK. When you move a Master symbol, any subordinates move with it.
Note: There are two other routes to the Symbol Attachments dialog. Choose Edit > Symbol Attachments, or, on the right-click menu, click Symbol Attachments.
Move Attached Symbols Independently Click and drag an attached symbol that is not the Master Symbol to move the symbol independently without affecting the position of the Master Symbol.
Detect Connections and Attachments

You can easily detect which symbols in your display are attached and/or connected to Connectors, or which symbols are attached to symbols. To see whether Connectors or attached symbols exist for a particular symbol:
Click the symbol or connector and hold down the mouse button for more than one half
second.
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Item Definition
If there are existing Connectors, all Connectors with attached symbols for this symbol are spotlighted and display in a different color (for example, white for black or yellow for blue). If there are no Connectors, nothing happens.
Reroute a Connector Path

When you move a symbol, its Connectors shift automatically to stay connected to the moved symbol and avoid overlapping other symbols in the display. Connectors can overlap each other. If a drawing becomes complex, you can request that all Connectors be rerouted by clicking the Reroute button. If you select specific Connectors and click Reroute, only those Connectors are rerouted. Connectors crossing each other may be unavoidable but should be minimized. Do not move Connectors manually. The object avoidance feature in PI ProcessBook can either ignore or take Connectors into account when looking for the shortest path from the source to a destination. This behavior is controlled by the ConnectorsAvoidConnectors setting in the ProcBook.ini (page 196).
Note: Object avoidance does not occur after you drag and drop a Connectors line segment. If you modify the position of a Connector manually, the center point and end points on the Connector change from green to red, indicating that automatic object avoidance is turned off and you are responsible for all further updates to that Connector.
Rerouting can consume significant system resources (CPU and Memory) to solve complex problems. Factors that can increase complexity include:
A very large display Large numbers of Connectors on a single display Large numbers of symbols to be avoided A high number of "Lines per Screen Unit" (set in "Arrange", "Grid Size", "Lines per
Screen Unit"1 equals the largest cell size; 30 gives the smallest cell size)
Routing multiple displays on the same PC
Item Definition
Use the Item Definition button in either Build or Run mode when you want to see what tags and formatting options were used in any symbol that uses a dialog box for basic configuration. It is the same as double-clicking on the item with the Build mode pointer. If the symbol does not have a definition dialog box, the button is dimmed. You can change the selections and save the new definition. This button does not open any of the formatting dialogs (for example, Font or Color).
Work with Symbols
Display or Change Item Definition

1. In either Build or Run mode, open a display. 2. Double-click the dynamic symbol whose definition you would like to change (such as a value, bar, trend, or button). -orClick the symbol, then on the Formatting toolbar, click the Item Definition button. A definition dialog box displays that corresponds to the symbol you selected:
Note: If the Item Definition button appears dimmed the symbol you selected may not have a definition dialog box.
3. In the appropriate dialog box, make your changes to the item's definition, and then click OK. These changes are saved with the symbol. These changes are saved with the symbol.
Status Report for Dynamic Symbols

The Status Bar at the bottom of the PI ProcessBook application shows whether dynamic symbols in a display are updating normally. The Status icon is a green circle when there are no errors. It is a blue circle containing a ? if the display shows questionable data or a yellow arrow for substituted data. It contains an X if a dynamic symbol is reporting bad data (or shutdown status). As you shift focus from one display to another, the icon may change. If you shift back to the Table of Contents, the status icon remains from the last display in focus. or The Status Report dialog appears when you have a display in focus and double-click the Status icon. This report lists all the symbols in a display that have data associated with them. You see the tag to which the symbol is connected and, if there is an issue, the error message appears. You can sort the list by any of the column headings.
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Status Flags for Unusual Data
For troubleshooting purposes, the Message Log button shows you the SDK Log file. You can save this report as a .csv file by using the Save to File button.
Note: The Status Bar can be displayed or hidden from the View Status Bar item on the View menu.
Status Flags for Unusual Data

In addition to the Error indicator shown in the Status Bar (page 152), PI ProcessBook has three types of flags to indicate that the data is valid but additional information is available. Each dynamic symbol can display an icon when there is additional status information available. When you hover the mouse over a flagged symbol, you will see a tooltip with the status message. In trends, status messages will appear to the right of the tag values in the legend, if the status is associated with the last value on the plot. The icons are shown below:

Questionableindicates that there is some reason to doubt the accuracy of the value. Annotatedindicates that there is a comment about a value. Text annotations are shown in symbol tool tips. Use the Details window (page 135) to view and add annotations. Substitutedused to indicate that the value has been changed from its original value. This value is set only by the PI Server when an existing value is changed.
If a tag has more than one flag, the highest priority status will be shown. The priority from high to low is: Error, Questionable, Annotated, Substituted.
Work with Symbols
If you clear the Show Value Attributes check box in your Start Preferences, you will not see these icons. You might disable the icons to improve ProcessBook performance if you have very high speed sub-second data.
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Chapter 9
Data Sets
In PI ProcessBook you can build dynamic symbols using data retrieved from data sets just as you can from specific points in the PI Data Archive. A data set is basically the set of results of a query that addresses a specific data source. You can use placeholders to link PI tags and ODBC data within a query. Data sets are defined at the Book level so that they can be defined once and then shared among different displays within that ProcessBook. Trends including data sets can be manipulated, saved, moved, and copied in the same fashion as other trends. Whenever a display is updated, if a trace or value using a data set is configured using relative times, then the trace or value is updated. No updates occur if the data set is configured using absolute times. For independent displays, the data set definition is saved with the display file. You can edit an existing data set, either from the Tools menu or from a symbol that uses the data set. However, if you have attached the data set to more than one symbol, editing the data set affects all the symbols. If you move a PI ProcessBook display containing a data set to another machine, you may need to reconfigure the data set.
Three types of data sets are available to provide data to displays:

PI Calculation (page 156) data sets (including PI Expression and PI Summary data
sets) from PI Universal Data Server equations.

ODBC (page 160) (Open Database Connectivity) data sets obtained from a relational
database. ODBC client capability means that without writing vendor-specific code, you can access data from certain relational databases outside the PI System and include that data in your PI ProcessBook displays. The outside data source must be ODBC-compliant; for example, it must provide an ODBC Driver. An outside ODBC data source might
Data Sets
include laboratory results, cost tables, or other sets of information that can be obtained through SQL queries. Since access to ODBC sources is configured on a particular computer, moving a display file that uses an ODBC data set may require the data source to be configured on the new computer.
Custom (page 159) data sets built as COM objects supplied by Visual Basic or C++
programs as Add-Ins to PI ProcessBook.
PI Calculation Data Sets

PI Calculation Data Sets include PI Summary Data Sets and PI Expression Data Sets. These are drawn from the PI Universal Data Server and plotted dynamically. The new data sets are very efficient in terms of the network traffic needed to support the data access. Use the PI Calculation dialog to create, edit, or delete data sets. You can select predetermined calculations or create your own expressions. A similar dialog is used to link to ODBC data sets (page 160).
PI Summary Data Sets
PI Summary Data Sets enable you to use several predetermined functions to retrieve calculated PI data for a tag. The AVG function calculates the average of the tag values for each interval. The MIN function selects the minimum of the tag values for each interval. The MAX function selects the maximum of the tag values for each interval The PCTGOOD function determines the percentage of time for each interval, when the tags archived values are good (that is without errors, such as out of range errors or shutdown flags). It is not used for digital tags. The RANGE function calculates the difference between the tags maximum and minimum values for each interval. The STDEV function calculates the population Standard Deviation of the tag values for each interval.
These functions are fully described in the Performance Equations chapter of the PI Server Reference Manual.
PI Expression Data Sets
PI Expression Data Sets enable you to create your own function or expression in PI Performance Equation syntax. These expressions can include tag variables with mathematical and logical operations as described in the Performance Equations chapter of the PI Server Reference Manual. This syntax is also documented on the OSIsoft Technical Support Web site, http://techsupport.osisoft.com (http://techsupport.osisoft.com), under the hierarchy Support > Downloads > Documentation for the PI Server.
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Create a PI Calculation Data Set

1. Choose Tools > Data Sets. The Data Sets (page 155) dialog appears.
Note: You can also create a PI Calculation data set by clicking the dropdown arow next to the Tag Search button in the Define dynamic symbol dialogs. By accessing the PI Calculation Data dialog this way, you have the additional option of selecting a previously created PI Calculation Data set, as well as the ability to create a new one as outlined below.
2. Click New > PI Calculation. The PI Calculation Data dialog appears.
3. Enter values for the following fields: ServerSelect a PI Server. NameEnter a name for your data set. The name must be unique for the current .piw or .pdi file.
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PI Tag or ExpressionEnter a tag name or a PI expression. Use the Tag Search (page 61) button to search for PI Tags. If you choose to type an expression, be sure to use PI Performance Equations syntax, such as one of these:
sinusoid * 2 (cdt158+sinusoid)/2 log(cdt158) ((sinusoid) tagzero (sinusoid))/tagspan(sinusoid)
DescriptionThis description appears on trends of this data set in the tag descriptors area. Calculation IntervalThe interval (minutes, hours, days) for the calculation. Interval Sync TimeThis is the absolute time of day at which the periodic calculations are done. For example, if the Interval Sync Time box is set to 12:00:24 PM and the time in the Refresh Interval box is set to ten minutes, then the calculation for each period is executed at the following times: 12:10:24, 12:20:24, 12:30:34, etc. Value Column NameThe name that represents the time-value pairs of the calculated data. Refresh IntervalThe interval at which you want to automatically update the data set. You can also type a number between 0 and 999. If you select 0, data is not automatically updated. Stepped PlotSelected by default. Clear the check box if you want a point-to-point plot.
4. Click OK to save your changes. The data set name must be unique for the current .piw or .pdi file. The node name and tag name must be valid. The interval must be a valid PI time. The sync time must be a valid PI time.
5. Your new data set appears in the Data Sets dialog.
Intervals and Time Value

The calculated value for each interval is plotted at the start of the interval. For example, if the tag "t_min" has the following time-value pairs in a 10 minute interval, then the calculated value for this interval would be plotted at time 1:00:00. 1:00:00 1 1:01:00 2 1:02:00 3 1:03:00 4 1:04:00 5 1:05:00 6 1:06:00 7
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1:07:00 8 1:08:00 9 1:09:00 10 1:10:00 11 The calculated value for the AVG, STDEV, and PCTGOOD functions includes the tag value at the lower interval boundary time and excludes the tag value at the upper interval boundary time. For the example above, the tag value "10" at time 1:09:00 is excluded in the function calculation, therefore the calculated value for AVG is 4.5 and the calculated value for STDEV is 2.872281. The calculated value for the MIN, MAX and RANGE functions includes the tag value of both the lower and upper interval boundary times. For the example above, the calculated value for MIN is 1, the calculated value for MAX is 11 and the calculated value for RANGE is 12.
Plot a Moving Average in a Trend

You can plot additional statistics in a trend using data sets derived from PI tags. For example, you can plot both a tag and its moving average to show a smoothed version of the same curve. The moving average is built from the source tag using a data set that recalculates an average point value over recurring intervals. To create a moving average in a trend: 1. In Build mode, double-click on the trend to open the Define Trend dialog. 2. Click the Tag Search arrow and choose PI Calculation to create a data set based on a tag. 3. Click New to add the data set and specify a Name and Description for the data set that calculates the moving average. 4. Click Tag Search and select the tag you want to use as the basis for the calculation. 5. In the Interval field, choose the calculation period for the average. A new average tag value is computed at each interval over the plotted time range. 6. Click Average in the Columns panel to select an average calculation, and click OK. 7. Click OK to close the Define Trend dialog.
Custom Data Sets

A custom data set is one provided through a VBA Add-In to ProcessBook. It is a COM object that acts as an interface between PI ProcessBook and the custom data provider. The source of
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data could be a data store (like MS SQL Server) or a data calculation engine. PI ProcessBook will request updates to the data every few seconds and adjust its display accordingly. Before you can access custom data sets in a display, the Data Set Add-In must be installed through the Add-In Manager (page 25) dialog. Later, as you build a display, you select the data set and column to be used for a symbol on a display through the symbol definition dialogs. Building a custom data set is beyond the scope of this user guide. It is discussed in Creating a Custom Data Set, a white paper supplied with the PI ProcessBook software CD and also available through the OSIsoft Web site.
ODBC Data Sets

PI ProcessBook uses the term ODBC data set for the concept of an ODBC query that retrieves data from a relational database to produce a group of data values organized into rows and columns and used to build a trend or other element in a ProcessBook display. A data set is identified within a ProcessBook by a unique name. The data set name refers to the combination of an SQL query statement and an ODBC Data Source with which to execute the query. The results of the SQL query are organized into rows and columns. You may select any column of the results for a display. For example, in a trend, each column in the data set that you select will appear as a different trace. A SQL query statement may be written so that it executes based on other data in a display, such as PI tags or current time. This is done using SQL placeholders (parameters); a tag, time, or text string is then substituted for each placeholder at run time. For more information on ODBC, see the ODBC (page 185) appendix.
Create an ODBC Data Set

1. Choose Tools > Data Sets. The Data Sets (page 155) dialog appears. 2. Click the New button, then select ODBC. The ODBC Data dialog appears.
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ODBC Data Sets
3. In the Name box, type a name for the data set. 4. In the Description box, type a description if you like. This is displayed in the Description legend for the trace, if configured. 5. In the Refresh Interval list, click the interval at which you want to automatically update the data set. -orType a number between 0 and 999.
Note: The default for the Refresh Interval list is zero minutes. This means the data set will only refresh when the trace is first drawn or when you click the Revert Time Ranges button on the standard toolbar. If a tag placeholder is used, the Refresh Interval box list is disabled.
6. From the Data Source drop-down list, click the appropriate ODBC data source. If you do not already have an ODBC Data Source configured on your computer (using the Control Panel), click the Setup button to create or modify one. 7. Click the Design button. The Microsoft Query application is displayed.
Note: If Microsoft Query is not installed, then the Design button is disabled. You can key in the query manually. You can also copy and paste a query from another query building tool.
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8. Choose your ODBC data source and design your query.

Note: Click the Help button, if necessary, and follow Microsoft's instructions for completing the query.
9. Click OK to return to the ODBC Data dialog box. To verify if the query can be understood by the ODBC data source, click the Check Syntax button. 10. Click OK. 11. If you want to use placeholders in the query, enter the appropriate WHERE clause and click the Placeholders button. Placeholders are defined in the order in which they are encountered in the SQL statement. Clicking the Placeholders button causes the syntax of the query to be checked. If the syntax is not valid, the invalid query message is displayed. 12. Click OK.
Placeholders
A Placeholder in an SQL query identifies a value that is to be provided when the query is run. You can validate a query before the actual values are provided. The standard SQL placeholder character is ?. Placeholders are numbered in their order of appearance, from left to right, in the query statement. For example, the following query statement has two placeholders, one for a text string for a sample ID and the other for a sample time. Select value, sample_time from Lab_data where sample_ID=? and sample_time>? PI ProcessBook allows placeholders in queries. You may provide text, start, or end times, or tag values as substitutes for placeholders.
Processing of Placeholder Queries

Text placeholder values are substituted into a query when it is run. Start and End times are determined when a display is opened and are substituted into queries at execution. Processing of Tag Placeholder Queries Tag values can also be used as placeholders. With a Tag placeholder, a join is process between the ODBC data source and the PI data source. When a display is opened, PI ProcessBook obtains tag values between the start and end time and substitutes these values into the SQL query, one at a time. The use of a tag placeholder is shown in the SQL query statement below: Select target from specs where product_code=?
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Placeholders
In this example, the values of the tag in the PI System that records the current product code are retrieved. The result set of the ODBC query is built by executing the query once for each placeholder value. In the case of this example, that would be one query execution for each product code found between the start and end times.
Design Placeholder Queries

Placeholders can be customized for a symbol. You can create an ODBC data set with a set of default placeholders. When that data set is attached to a specific symbol, the querys placeholders can be customized for that symbol without affecting the placeholders defined for any other symbol using that data set.
Add or Edit Placeholders

To open the Placeholders dialog, click the Placeholders button in the ODBC Data Sets (page 160) dialog, or click the Custom Placeholders button on a symbol definition dialog. In this dialog box, you can rename placeholders, change their type or specify values.
Note: PI ProcessBook allows you to create custom placeholders for a symbol based on a summary Data Set. Placeholders are not allowed for expression Data Sets. The Custom Placeholders button in symbol definition dialog boxes allows you to specify different PI Tags for a PI Summary Data Set. The change applies only to the configured symbol.
1. In the Placeholder Name box, select the parameter you want to configured. The parameters are in the same order as found in the data set query. The list is limited to the number of parameters found in the query.
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2. In the Placeholder Properties group, select the Type for the selected parameter. There are four possible types, Text, PI Tag, Start Time, and End Time. You can optionally change the name of the placeholder to make its purpose clear. 3. Selecting a type transforms the dialog to allow you to enter the settings for the selected type, if any. If the query uses: Text inputType the replacement text value in the Text field. Tag valuesType a node ID and tag name or click the Tag Search button to open the Tag Search dialog. Start and/or end timesNo additional configuration is used.
4. Click the Set button. 5. To configure another parameter, select it and repeat the previous steps. 6. Click OK.
Is a Data Set in Use?

Before you modify a data source or data set, it is important to determine whether it is being used in another display or symbol. PI Calculation data sets and ODBC data sets are established for an entire ProcessBook (or an independent display). Custom data sets are installed with the PI ProcessBook application and are available to any display that you open. 1. Choose Tools > Data Sets. The Data Sets dialog appears. 2. Under Data Sets, click the data set name, then click the Show Use button. The Data Set Use dialog appears and displays where the data set is being used.
Data Set Details

Each Data Set is initially determined from a Data Source that must already be configured. If the Data Source you need is not listed, click the Setup button to add it. Once the Data Source is selected, add the query. If the Design button is unavailable you must type in the query. If MS Query is installed correctly, the Design button will not be unavailable. Click it to design the query. You can check syntax after you add the query. Including question marks (?) in the query allows placeholders to be defined. If you wish to use placeholders from PI in your query, establish them by clicking the Placeholder button and completing the process on the Placeholder dialog.
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Add a Data Set to a Trend
Add a Data Set to a Trend

Just as you would add tags in defining a trend, you can add columns chosen from a data set. Each column is plotted as a separate trace, however, the data set columns that appear on your trend do not appear in the Point Properties dialog. If the query returns a null value, the trace displays the discontinuity. Information from more than one data set may be plotted on the same trend. You can manipulate trends containing data from data sets just as you would other trends, by using functions such as:
Trend Zoom Scrolling Trend Cursor Time Range Revert Time Ranges Autorange Markers
Add a Data Set to a Trend 1. In Build mode, open a display. 2. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Trend button .
3. Click in the display where you want to add the trend and drag the pointer to form a rectangle into which the trend will be placed. 4. When you release the mouse button, the Define Trend (page 80) dialog appears. 5. Click the Tag Search arrow, and then click PI Calculation. 6. The PI Calculation Data dialog appears.
Note: If you want to display the ODBC Data dialog instead of the PI Calculation Data dialog, then click the Tag Search arrow, and then select ODBC.
7. Under Saved Data Sets, click the data set you want to add to the trend. 8. Under Data Set Columns, select a column(s) to be plotted in the trend (use the SHIFT or CTRL keys to select more than one column).
9. Click OK.
Note: Until you select a data set and at least one column, the OK button is dimmed.
10. The selected data set/column(s) is now listed under Tags in Plot in the Define Trend dialog. Select tags as desired and format the trend. If you wish to see or edit the
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Data Sets
definitions of placeholders, click the Custom Placeholders button in the Define Trend dialog. 11. Click OK. Data displays on the trend.
Note: If you select the Description check box, on the Display Format tab in the Define Trend dialog, then the description of the data set is taken from the PI Calculation Data dialog and repeated for each column that is plotted. There are usually no engineering units for a data set column.
Time Intervals for Plotting Tags and Data Sets

The Start and End plot times on the Define Trend (page 80) dialog are used to determine the time range for plotting tags. However, a data set may have different time boundaries than the plot time start and end for the tags. If the time range for the data set starts later than the time range for the tags, the data set traces begin with X marks.
Refresh a Trend Containing a Data Set

In a display containing only data from data sets, the data is refreshed based on the Data Set Refresh Interval, which is configured in the data set. The trend does not update again until the Data Set Refresh Interval has expired, at which time it requests another set of values and redraws itself. A PI tag in a display, on the other hand, receives exception notifications from the PI System and is updated on the display whenever the polling period elapses (every five seconds by default). If both PI and data set data are to be plotted on the same trend, then the latest data set value is continued toward the end time axis with changing PI exception data points until the refresh interval expires and new data are received from the data set.
Add Data Sets to Bars or Values in a Display

A single value from a data set may be added to a display as either a Value or a Bar. In general, queries can return many rows of results. The Value or Bar uses only the data from the last row of the results for the column you select; the rest of the results are discarded. In many cases, you can use an order by clause to control which rows are returned first. For example, the following query guarantees the most recent sample appears in the ProcessBook Value field: Select lab_val from Lab_Data where last_ID = BW Order by Sample_time asc
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Run PI ProcessBook When Data Sets Are Included
Run PI ProcessBook When Data Sets Are Included

When you start PI ProcessBook and open an updating display, it connects to your PI System and remains connected until you close PI ProcessBook. If you have configured data sets in a ProcessBook, PI ProcessBook connects to a data source as soon as you open a display using data set results. The first time you use a particular data source, the external database may ask you for login information through a login dialog. After a successful connection, PI ProcessBook retains this information for use throughout the session. When you close the session, PI ProcessBook does not store your password locally.
Edit a Data Set

You may change the Data Source, the Data Set Refresh Interval, the Description, or the query. However, when you change a data set, you may affect other queries that use the same data set. 1. Choose Tools > Data Sets. 2. The Data Sets (page 155) dialog appears. 3. Under Data Sets, click the data set you want to edit, and then click the Edit button. 4. Either the PI Calculation Data dialog or the ODBC Data dialog displays depending upon the data set you selected. 5. If the PI Calculation Data dialog displays, then make your changes in the appropriate fields. 6. If the ODBC Data dialog displays, then do the following:
Note: To determine if Microsoft Query is installed, the application checks your MSDOS path for the existence of msquery.exe)
If the Design button is enabled, then: 1. Click the Design button. An instance of Microsoft Query is started using the current data source and query. 2. Edit the data set in the MS Query environment. 3. Choose File > Return to ProcBook when you are finished.
Note: Microsoft Query cannot edit query statements that contain placeholders.
If the Design button is disabled, then: If Microsoft Query is not installed, the Design button is disabled; however, you can type the query in the query text box. You can also copy and paste a query from another query building tool.
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1. Add or edit the appropriate WHERE clause in the query to edit a placeholder data set or existing placeholders (question marks represent placeholders in the query statement). 2. Click the Placeholders button. This action causes the syntax of the query to be checked. 3. If the syntax is valid, then the Placeholders dialog displays with the current placeholders. If the syntax is invalid, then an invalid query message is displayed. 4. Click the Check Syntax button, to complete a syntax check of your query. The status of the query is returned. 5. When you have finished modifying the data set, click OK. If the data set is in use in a display, the Confirm Data Set Modification dialog displays. 6. If you wish to proceed, click Continue. The Data Sets dialog appears. 7. Select the column(s) to be used and click OK to return to the dialog.
Delete a Data Set

Before you can remove a data set from the PI ProcessBook list, you must remove it from any symbols that use it. If the Data Set is a custom data set, which is a COM object, remove it through Add-in Manager dialog box. Otherwise, use the following steps to delete a data set first from all displays in which it is used and then from the ProcessBook altogether. 1. From the Tools menu, click Data Sets. The Data Sets (page 155) dialog appears. 2. Under Data Sets, click the data set name, and then click the Show Use button to determine if any display or symbol is using the data set. 3. Close the Data Sets dialog. 4. Open each display in which a data set is being used and delete the data set from the appropriate dialog box, such as the Define Trend or Define Value dialog. 5. Save each display. 6. Reopen the Data Sets dialog. 7. Under Data Sets, click the data set you want to delete, and then click the Delete button. 8. The data set is removed from under Data Sets in the Data Sets dialog. If the data set is in use, then the Can't Delete Data Set dialog appears.
Copy a Data Set to Another ProcessBook

While data sources are configured for a computer, data sets are established for only one ProcessBook. 1. Open the new or target ProcessBook or independent file. 2. Open the old or source ProcessBook or independent file. 3. From the Tools menu, select Data Sets. The Data Sets (page 155) dialog appears. 4. Under Data Sets, click the data set you want to copy, and then click the Copy button. The Copy Data Sets dialog appears.
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Loading Custom Data Sets
5. From the To Open Workbook drop-down list, select the correct target, and then click OK.
Loading Custom Data Sets

Before you can access a custom data set in a display, you must create a data set add-in and install it on your computer. Then you must select it through the PI ProcessBook Add-In Manager (page 25) dialog.
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Chapter 10
Embedding and Linking

Overview of PI ProcessBook OLE Compound Documents
ActiveX is Microsoft technology used for developing reusable object oriented software components. Container applications are those that can contain ActiveX objects. Compound Documents are documents that contain parts from more than one application. The parts may be spreadsheets, word processing documents, ProcessBook displays, etc. A compound document consists of a container document plus sub-documents that are 'served' by other applications PI ProcessBook compound document functionality has two aspects:
ProcessBook displays can be containers for objects from other applications, such as
databases, spreadsheets, or documents.

ProcessBook displays may be used to exhibit dynamic data within other container
applications. In this case, the ProcessBook or display is considered an object.
OLE Automation in PI ProcessBook

OLE Automation of PI ProcessBook means that an application or program outside PI ProcessBook can manipulate PI ProcessBook objects such as displays or symbols. Currently, applications with OLE capability include Microsoft Excel, Access, and Visual Basic (VB), among others. A specific set of properties and methods are associated with each object type. Data from PI ProcessBook can be retrieved or manipulated according to scripts originating outside PI ProcessBook. For example, with the proper scripts in place, you could:
Obtain a PI ProcessBook object, such as a display, from PI ProcessBook and print it in an
Excel spreadsheet. In fact, you can write the script to retrieve the display only when certain tag values or other conditions are met.
Write a Visual Basic program to start PI ProcessBook, assess a particular display, and
then alter it in some way.

Click a button in ProcessBook to make an Excel spreadsheet show the average and raw
data of the current trend in ProcessBook. Then you could change the time range of the ProcessBook, click the button again, and see the Excel spreadsheet update with the new time range. Although Automation scripts are not required to use a dialect of Visual Basic, at the present time, that is the most common approach. OSIsoft is using Visual Basic as the standard testing language for OLE Automation.
For more information on how to write Visual Basic scripts for use with PI ProcessBook, click Help > PI Processbook VBA Language Reference.
Object Linking and Embedding

An object application may be connected to a container application by either embedding (page 172) or linking (page 172). The distinctions between the two have to do with the ways in which the object is stored and updated.
Embedded Objects
Embedded objects are copied from an existing file or created and then stored as an integral part of the container application, such as PI ProcessBook. Using an embedded object increases the file size of a ProcessBook significantly. Formats not natively supported by PI ProcessBook, such as Windows metafiles, can now be pasted from the Windows clipboard as objects in a ProcessBook display. To change the contents of an embedded file, double-click it. The source application software is invoked, and you can edit the object with the source application's commands. ProcessBook is a time-based application. When ProcessBook is used as an embedded object, it updates dynamically whenever you double-click it. If you rename a ProcessBook or move it to another directory, drive, or PC, any embedded objects in displays can still be changed as long as your system can locate the appropriate source application software.
Linked Objects
Linked object information is not stored as a part of the destination application. Instead, the destination file stores only the location of the linked source file. No matter how many links it has, only one version of the linked file is stored and maintained. Using a linked file increases the file size of a ProcessBook less than using an embedded object. In establishing an OLE link, you may update the:
Contents of the object dynamically whenever the source file changes Update the object only by manual command
To change the data in a linked file, such as which tags you have selected, you switch to the source application and open the file. Changes are then reflected in the container display according to the update method you selected. Alternatively, if you double-click the object, the source application and the actual file open, allowing you to edit the object. If the source application supports in-place activation, you can edit within the container window; otherwise a source application window opens.
If you rename a ProcessBook or move it to another directory, drive, or PC, any links from displays to source files can break. These broken links need to be re-established if you wish to continue using them.
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ActiveX Controls
Should You Link or Embed?

EmbedIf you want to update the object data within the target document or if you want
to store all the source data within the container application.

LinkIf you want the data to update dynamically or when you need to minimize file
size. The source application must continue to be available.

Note: When you link to a ProcessBook container, there is a risk of accidentally changing the source file.
ActiveX Controls
You can insert ActiveX controls that are installed on your PC into PI ProcessBook displays. If you move the displays to other machines, then you must also install the controls there. Some ActiveX controls are self-contained and will work without further scripting. Most require additional VBA code before they function correctly.
Add a Control
1. In Build mode, open a display. 2. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Control button Choose Draw > Control. The mouse pointer changes to a control pointer. 3. Click in the display where you want to add the control and drag the pointer to form a rectangle into which the control will be placed. When you release the mouse button, the Insert Control dialog appears. 4. Under Controls, click the appropriate control, and then click OK. For example, if you add a calendar control to a display, it might look like this: , or
In Run mode, a user could change the month and date. A programmer could incorporate the calendar into scripts associated with the display.
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Example of Embedded and Linked Objects in a ProcessBook Display

In the example below, a ProcessBook display includes a process schematic, an embedded list of equipment parts, and a link to lab results.
The equipment parts list is stored with the ProcessBook display. If your PC has an installed copy of MSWord, you can peruse or modify the list at any time simply by double-clicking it. The lab results are stored by the source application, not in the ProcessBook display. The display can be set to update lab data dynamically whenever the results in the source application changed, or it can be set to update lab data when you click an Update Now button on the Edit Links dialog.
Icons vs. Graphics

You may choose to have embedded or linked objects displayed either as graphic representations or as icons. An icon uses the minimum area of your display and would be appropriate for reference material, such as definitions. The icon for the source application appears unless you select another one. Choosing an icon to represent a linked file results in a slightly smaller ProcessBook file size. Choosing icons for embedded objects does not reduce ProcessBook file size.
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Embedding in ProcessBook
Embedding in ProcessBook
Objects may be created within a PI ProcessBook display by the source application and then stored as embedded objects. Alternatively, you may create objects from existing files or parts of files. In addition, you can embed an object by dragging it from another application. Unless you are using drag and drop embedding, you must be in Build mode in order to insert a new object. Choose Insert > Object to launch the Insert Object dialog.
Embed an Existing File in a ProcessBook Display

1. Open the display. 2. In Build mode, choose Insert > Object. The Insert Object dialog appears. 3. Select Create from File. 4. Click the Browse button. The Browse dialog appears. 5. Browse and locate the file you want to embed and then click the Open button. The file name is displayed in the File box, or In the File box, type the path where the file is located. 6. If you want to display an icon rather than a graphic, click the Display as Icon check box. 7. Click OK. The object appears on your display.
Embed a New File in a ProcessBook Display

1. Open the display. 2. In Build mode, choose Insert > Object. The Insert Object dialog appears. 3. Leave Create New selected (the default position). 4. Under Object Type, click the type of object you want to embed.
Note: If you want to display an icon rather than a graphic, select the Display as Icon check box.
5. Click OK. The object appears on your display. 6. Adjust the size and positioning of the object. 7. Commands for the source application are available on the menus. Create the contents of the new object and click elsewhere on the display to return to ProcessBook. 8. Save the display.
Windows Drag and Drop

Use the Windows drag and drop feature to move or copy an object from another OLE application or display into a ProcessBook display or vice versa. To move an object, simply drag it. To copy an object, press CTRL and drag it. PI ProcessBook must be in Build mode to successfully have an object dragged or dropped.
Note: if you open a display and drag an object elsewhere, the display is permanently changed, regardless of whether you save it or simply close it.
Link a File to a ProcessBook Display

You can create a link from a ProcessBook display to an existing file. The linked object appears in a rectangle within your display. It is updated whenever the source file changes, unless you change the link setting from Automatic to Manual. You must be in Build mode to insert a linked object, however you may move or resize linked objects in either Build or Run mode. You may also edit the contents of a linked object, but you are actually editing the original source file, not simply the image in the ProcessBook display. 1. Open the display. 2. In Build mode, choose Insert > Object. The Insert Object dialog appears. 3. Select Create from File. 4. Click the Browse button. The Browse dialog appears. 5. Browse and locate the file you want to embed and then click the Open button. The file name appears in the File box, or In the File box, type the path where the file is located.
Note: If you want to display an icon rather than a graphic, select the Display as Icon check box.
6. Select the Link check box.
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Dynamic and Manual Updates of a Linked Object
7. Click OK. The object appears on your display. 8. Adjust the size and positioning of the object.
Dynamic and Manual Updates of a Linked Object

The default setting for a link is automatic updates, meaning that whenever the source data are changed, the data in your display changes. You can change this updating frequency to manual through the Links dialog. Manual updates are also initiated through this dialog.
Edit, Update, or Break Links

If you have created an automatic link to another object, it updates whenever you open the entry. If you have created a manually updated link, use the Update Now button on the Links dialog to update your linked object. When you move a display, you may need to change the sources for linked objects by breaking the links and re-establishing them. 1. Open the display. 2. In Build mode, choose Edit > Links. The Links dialog appears. 3. Click the link you want to change.
Note: You can select several links at once by pressing the CTRL key and clicking each link.
4. Choose one of the following options: Select ManualUpdates the linked data manually Click Update NowUpdates the linked data immediately Click Open SourceEdits the linked data Click Break LinkPermanently breaks the link. The object is converted to a picture (metafile).
5. Click OK.
How Links Are Stored

When you establish a link between a ProcessBook display and a source file, the link is stored in two ways, the relative path for the link, and the absolute path for the link. The relative path is the relationship between the location of the source file and the location of the target file in the directory tree. The absolute path includes the drive, directory, and file name of the source file.
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Select a New Source Link

When you move a ProcessBook or display that contains links to source files, if both the absolute and the relative paths change, you need to reestablish the links. To reestablish these links: 1. Open the display. 2. In Build mode, choose Edit > Links. The Links dialog appears. 3. Click the Change Source button. The Change Source dialog appears.
Edit the Appearance of an OLE Object

Once an OLE object appears in a display, you can resize it, move it around on the display, or copy it. There are, however, a few differences in how OLE objects respond to ProcessBook commands, compared to native objects such as symbols. Although you must be in Build mode to insert an OLE object or edit links, you can edit OLE objects from either Run mode or Build mode. When you select an OLE object, switching modes does not cancel the selection.
Commands That Ignore OLE objects

Command Select All Zoom/Fit All Symbols Align Forward Backward Group Rotate Flip Location Edit menu View menu Arrange menu Arrange menu Arrange menu Arrange menu Arrange menu Arrange menu Action Does not include OLE objects. Ignores OLE objects. Does not work because you cannot select more than one OLE object at a time. Does not work because you cannot select more than one OLE object at a time. Does not work because you cannot select more than one OLE object at a time. Does not work because you cannot select more than one OLE object at a time. Does not work with OLE objects. Does not work with OLE objects.
Placement of OLE objects

OLE objects appear to obscure other elements of the display, such as text or symbols, if the OLE objects were created before the native symbols. The most recently created OLE object appears on top of older OLE objects and native symbols.
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OLE Object Colors
OLE Object Colors

You may wish to use a background within an OLE object in a contrasting color to the display. To change the colors used in an OLE object, go to the source application. ProcessBook Color Preferences do not apply to OLE objects.
Edit the Contents of OLE objects

Some source applications permit in-place activation, which means that if you double-click the OLE object, the source application opens, displays its menus and commands through the ProcessBook menu bar, and permits you to edit the object in place within PI ProcessBook. Other source applications open a new window for editing when you double-click the OLE object. You can edit OLE object contents in either Run or Build mode.
Edit the Contents of an Embedded Object

You cannot edit an embedded object by opening the source application first because the embedded object is not a separate file. Instead, open the source application from within the embedded object in the ProcessBook display.
Edit the Contents of a Linked Object

To edit the contents of a linked object, either double-click the object or open the source application and make changes. These are immediately reflected in the ProcessBook display if it is open; otherwise the changes appear the next time you open the ProcessBook display.
Note: When editing a linked object file, remember that the file may also be an object in other applications besides PI ProcessBook.
In addition, you can reach the source application through the Links dialog. 1. Choose Edit > Links. The Links dialog appears. 2. Click the appropriate link. 3. Click the Open Source button to open the source file.
Edit Contents of OLE objects

1. Open the display. 2. In Build mode, double-click the OLE object you want to edit. 3. Refer to the following table:
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If The source application permits in-place activation, menus and commands for the source application appear on your screen, temporarily replacing ProcessBook menus. The source application does not permit in-place activation, a new window containing the source application appears.
Then Edit the object. Save it if it is a linked file. Click elsewhere on the display to return to ProcessBook or press the ESC key. Edit the object. Save it if it is a linked file. Close the window and return to ProcessBook.
Delete an OLE Object from a Display

1. In Build mode, click the OLE object you want to delete. 2. Choose Edit > Clear.
Display an OLE Object with an Icon

To save space on a ProcessBook display for a linked object use an icon, rather than a graphic representation of the data. You may select to display an icon when you are creating the object by selecting the Display as Icon check box in the Insert Object dialog. Later, you can switch between an icon and a graphic representation of the object, as described below. If you have made the graphic representation other than a square shape, the icon may be distorted.
Convert Objects to Icons

1. Open the display. 2. In Build mode, click the object you want to change. 3. Choose Edit > Object (at the bottom of the menu) > Convert. The Convert dialog appears.
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Share ProcessBook Displays with Other Applications
4. Select the Display As Icon check box 5. Click OK. The object switches from a graphic to an icon.
Note: To switch from an icon to a graphic, clear the Display as Icon check box.
6. To select the icon to use, click the Change Icon button. The Change Icon dialog appears.
If you want to return to the default icon, then select Default. If you want to select a new icon from the available group, select From File and choose a new icon. If you want to select a new file to provide the icon, click the Browse button. If you want to change the name of the label that displays beneath the icon, then type the new name in the Label box.
7. Click OK to return to the Convert dialog. 8. In the Convert dialog box, click OK.
Share ProcessBook Displays with Other Applications

You can embed a ProcessBook display within another OLE application, or you can link an entire ProcessBook. In embedding, the display is called a PI Display Document. Although applications with OLE functionality use similar commands, they are not exactly alike. The following general procedure uses examples from an Excel spreadsheet. The procedures for linking are similar to those for linking objects to ProcessBook displays.
Embed a New ProcessBook Display in Another OLE Application

1. Open the container application. For example, open a spreadsheet and select a cell in which you want to place a display. 2. Choose Insert > Object. The Object dialog appears.
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3. On the Create New tab, under Object type, click PI Display Document.
Note: If you want to display an icon rather than a graphic, select the Display as icon check box.
4. Click OK. 5. The display is embedded in the container application.
Embed an Existing ProcessBook Display in Another OLE Application

1. Open the display you want to embed. 2. Open the container application. For example, open a spreadsheet and select a cell in which you want to place a ProcessBook display. 3. In Build mode, choose Edit > Select All, and drag the objects in the display into the other application. 4. Save the file.
Note: When you activate the dragged contents, the entire original display is drawn, regardless of which objects were dragged to the new container.
Link a ProcessBook to Another Application

1. Open the container application. For example, open a spreadsheet and select a cell in which you want to place a display. 2. Choose Insert > Object. The Object dialog appears. 3. Click the Create from File tab. 4. In the File name box, type the path. -orClick the Browse button and locate the ProcessBook file (.piw) that you want to link to. 5. Select the Link to File check box. 6. Click OK. The ProcessBook icon is displayed in your application.
Note: If you select the Display as Icon check box, then the Object Packager icon is used by default, rather than the ProcessBook icon.
OLE Container/Server
A ProcessBook display may be shown in another application. For example, you could include an updating trend in an incident report produced in a word processing application such as Microsoft Word. Or, you could prepare a presentation for a group by using Microsoft PowerPoint to prepare slides and including embedded displays from PI ProcessBook. To do this, use the Insert Object command in the second application and insert an object of type PI Display Document.
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Appendix A
Visual Basic for Applications in PI ProcessBook

OSIsoft licenses Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) from Microsoft in order to provide an integrated development environment within PI ProcessBook. This is the same VBA environment that is used in Microsoft Office, Visio, AutoCAD, Great Plains Dynamics, and many other applications. In PI ProcessBook, each display has a VBA project associated with it. You can write scripts that execute in response to events in PI ProcessBook, either based on user actions or data updates. You can also use VBA to automate routine tasks or to cause changes in a display when data changes. In addition, you can insert other ActiveX controls obtained through Microsoft Office software or from outside sources.
VBA Commands
Access VBA through the VBA toolbar, or by choosing Tools > Macro:
Visual Basic Editor Run Macros Design Mode Switches to VBA Editor window Opens the Macros dialog, which provides a way to select, debug, and run existing VBA scripts Stops any scripts that may be running or may start running. Useful for debugging
ActiveX Automation
ActiveX Automation refers to the technology of placing ActiveX controls (independent software modules) within applications and using scripts to manipulate the application and/or the controls.
What You Can Do with ActiveX Automation in PI ProcessBook

Data from PI ProcessBook can be retrieved or manipulated according to scripts originating either within or outside PI ProcessBook. For example, with the proper scripts in place, you could:
Obtain a PI ProcessBook object, such as a display, from PI ProcessBook and print it in an
Excel spreadsheet. In fact, you can write the script to retrieve the display if and only if certain tag values or other conditions are met.
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Visual Basic for Applications in PI ProcessBook
Write a VB program to start PI ProcessBook, access a particular display, and then alter it
in some way.
Click on a command button in ProcessBook to make an Excel spreadsheet show the
average and raw data of the current trend in ProcessBook. Then you change the time range of the ProcessBook, click the button again, and see the Excel spreadsheet update with the new time range.
Use a mouse click within a PI ProcessBook display to initiate updates or adjustments in
the display.
Update a PI ProcessBook display by typing new tag names into a spreadsheet.
Although Automation scripts are not required to use a dialect of Visual Basic, at the present time, that is the most common approach.
Automation Vocabulary
Understanding OLE automation requires some technical vocabulary. Terms used in the PI ProcessBook VBA Language Reference Guide are defined below.
Automation ActiveX Automation Server ActiveX Automation Container Object Property Method Event Accessing an object in an application and changing it or using it without using the user interface. The application that provides data. PI ProcessBook is an OLE Automation Server. It provides access to its internal objects from other applications. The application that initiates changes through scripts. PI ProcessBook is an Automation container, as are Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, and a few other commercial products. A specific item that may be manipulated by a script. For example, a ProcessBook, a display, or a symbol may be the object of a VB or VBA script. An attribute of an object. An object with read-write properties can have variable information assigned to it by the script. A read-only property cannot be changed. An action that can be performed on an object and may or may not return a value. Sometimes called a function. A procedure that executes whenever a particular action occurs, such as a mouse click.
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Appendix B
ODBC
ODBC Driver Manager
PI ProcessBook sends queries to a standardized interface from Microsoft called the ODBC Driver Manager. The Driver Manager forwards ODBC queries to appropriate vendorprovided Drivers, which access the outside databases and return the requested data to your ProcessBook display.
ODBC Drivers
Each DBMS (database management system), such as Microsoft SQL Server, requires a specific ODBC Driver, provided by the vendor of the DBMS or a third party. Each driver is a Dynamic Link Library (.dll) that implements a set of subroutine calls to retrieve data from a particular database. The Microsoft ODBC Driver Manager is included as a part of PI ProcessBook installation.
ODBC Data Sources

An ODBC data source identifies a database a user wants to access and the information needed to connect to that data. Examples of ODBC data sources are:
A SQL Server database, the server on which it resides, and the network protocol used to
access that server.

An Excel spreadsheet on a file server. A directory containing a set of dBASE files you want to access.
ODBC data sources have an explicit name, are configured for a particular computer, and may be used by any ODBC- compliant application installed on that computer.
ODBC Data Access

PI ProcessBook stores relational queries in data sets within ProcessBook files. The data sets are created, stored, and accessed by name. PI ProcessBook symbols can then access the data sets. The columns in the data set make up the items that can be assigned to the trend, value, or
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ODBC
bar. The SQL needed to retrieve data for PI ProcessBook can be configured once and used by many displays and symbols. PI ProcessBook must return a time and value pair(s) for display within a symbol (trend, value, or bar). Placeholders act as parameters to an SQL function call. They are evaluated at run time. Placeholders can take three forms: text, start/end times, or a PI tag name. Use the start and end time placeholders when the time limits of the query should be determined from the trend symbol where the query is used. The PI tag name placeholder can be used to join PI data with relational database data. A PI Value is retrieved for the PI tag and then substituted into the query. Using ODBC requires that you install the Microsoft ODBC Driver Manager and drivers (most operating systems already have the Driver Manager and some standard drivers installed). You must then configure data sources (page 187) for ProcessBook and define individual queries, called data sets.
ODBC Data Source Administrator

1. On the Windows Start menu, point to Settings, click Control Panel, double-click Administrative Tools, and then double-click Data Sources (ODBC). The Microsoft ODBC Data Source Administrator dialog appears, or Choose Tools > Data Sets. The Data Sets (page 155) dialog appears. 2. Click the New button, and then click ODBC. The ODBC Data Sets dialog appears. 3. Click the Data Source drop-down list to see what ODBC data sources you have already configured, if any. 4. Click the Setup button. The Microsoft ODBC Data Source Administrator dialog appears.
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Prepare for ODBC
Prepare for ODBC

In order to use ODBC within your ProcessBook, you must install an ODBC driver and configure the corresponding ODBC data source on your computer. Open the ODBC Data Source Administrator (page 186) and click the Drivers tab to view the ODBC drivers that are already installed on your system. See your System Administrator if you require additional ODBC drivers.
Configure the ODBC Data Source

Once any necessary ODBC drivers are installed, you need to configure the ODBC data sources available to the computer. 1. Open the ODBC Data Source Administrator (page 186) dialog. 2. On the User DSN tab, under User Data Sources group, click the name of the ODBC data source you plan to use and then click the Configure button. The Setup dialog box for the data source you selected displays. 3. Add the ODBC data source.
Note: Click the Help button, if necessary, and follow Microsoft's instructions for completing the dialog box.
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ODBC
4. When you have completed configuring the data source, click OK to return to the Microsoft ODBC Data Source Administrator dialog.
Note: To create data sources for any user of the computer, use the System DSN tab instead of the User DSN tab.
Use MSQuery to Build Data Sets

You can use Microsoft Query (MS Query) for writing queries. It is not distributed with PI ProcessBook, but if you click the Design button in the ODBC Data dialog, then PI ProcessBook searches the registry in your computer to locate MSQry32.exe when the ODBC data sets dialog is opened.
Note: The MS Query application does not work with an ODBC query that includes placeholders. Consequently, the Design button in the ODBC Data dialog may be disabled.
Assumptions about Timestamps and Data Sets

When a trend receives data from an ODBC data source, it receives the data as a Time / Value pair. The Value is generated by the query. The Time, however, may be obtained in one of two ways:
If a Tag placeholder (page 162) is used, then the time will be the time returned by the
Tag. This time will supersede any timestamps returned by the query.
One or more of the columns returned by the query may contain a date and/or time. If
more than one timestamp column is returned, the first one as ordered by the SQL query is used.
Stored Procedures in Queries

Stored procedures can be used in ODBC data sets. They may contain placeholders as long as your database accepts the stored procedures call as a text string. The common syntax for this is: execute procname ('arg', 22, ?) Check the documentation of your database management system for details. Stored procedures generally return results in rows and columns, just as a normal SQL query does. The only way to determine the columns returned by a stored procedure is to perform a test execution. When you are building the data set, because ProcessBook needs to know the columns returned, it executes the procedure. If the procedure call includes placeholders, the following defaults are used:
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Troubleshoot ODBC Data Sets
Text StartTime EndTime Tag
Actual text placeholder string Current time Current time 0
An ODBC data set is created with a set of default placeholders. When it is attached to a specific symbol, the query's placeholders can be customized for that symbol, without affecting the placeholders defined for other symbols using that data set. For example, you can create a query for a database of laboratory data using a text placeholder for the sample name. You can then use a different sample name for every trend, bar, or value, rather than defining a new data set query for each sample name.
Troubleshoot ODBC Data Sets

Data sets may be added, deleted, copied, or edited by selecting the New, Delete, Edit, or Copy buttons in the Data Sets dialog. Columns are defined by the data set query. To see the columns returned by the query, select the dataset when configuring a symbol to use it. The dialog shown from the Data Sets dialog opened from the Tools menu does not show the columns. The Show Use button opens a dialog that indicates what displays and symbols include data from this data set.
Trace ODBC Calls

The ODBC Driver Manger provides an option for recording a log of all calls to the Driver Manager from all ODBC clients. The default options for ODBC are set to omit tracing and logging ODBC calls If you choose to trace ODBC calls, you may suffer some degradation in system performance.
Initiate Call Tracing

1. Choose Tools > Data Sets. The Data Sets dialog appears. 2. Click New. Click ODBC. The ODBC Data dialog appears. 3. Click Setup. The ODBC Data Source Administrator dialog appears. 4. Select the Tracing tab. 5. To change the file where tracing is logged, choose a new file path in the Log File Path text box. Use the Browse button to search for files. 6. To initiate tracing, click the Start Tracing Now button. The label changes from Start Tracing Now to Stop Tracing Now, and the Log File Path text box becomes unavailable. 7. To stop tracing, click the Stop Tracing Now button.
ODBC
Delete an ODBC Driver

If you have deleted all data sources using a particular driver, you may unistall it from your system. To do this, you must use the setup program for the ODBC driver.
Note: If you delete the wrong driver you need to reload it from the vendor's diskettes.
Delete an ODBC Data Source

If you remove data sources while they are in use, displays that use them fail to retrieve data. Consequently, before you remove a data source, remove all data sets in which it is being used. PI ProcessBook cannot prevent users from removing a needed data source from the computer. 1. Open the ODBC Data Source Administrator (page 186) dialog. 2. On the User DSN tab, under User Data Sources, click the name of the ODBC data source you want to delete and then click the Remove button. A confirmation message is displayed. 3. Click the Yes button to delete the data source. 4. Click OK to close the Microsoft ODBC Data Source Administrator dialog, then close the ODBC Data dialog. The data source is removed from under Data Sets in the Data Sets dialog.
Edit an ODBC Data Source

Occasionally you may want to use a different computer to access an existing ProcessBook display. If the display contains data from a PI Calculation Data Set, the display works correctly unless the new machine does not point to the same PI Server as the previous one. If this display contains data from an ODBC data set, you will need to reconfigure the correct ODBC data source on the new computer. Essentially this means establishing the same ODBC data source name that was used on the original computer. Follow the steps under Installing ODBC Drivers, and Configuring the ODBC Data Source (page 187). If the display contains data from a custom data set, then you must install that PI ProcessBook add-in on the new machine.
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Appendix C
Troubleshooting Tips
Display Can't Find Data
When a display does not receive data, the problem may be one of the following:
The network is down. A display has been moved from one PC to another and Node Identifiers to the Server(s)
need to be re-established through the Connections dialog (page 9).

An ODBC Data Source may have been altered, causing the dataset to fail to return data. An ODBC database might have been restructured, invalidating your dataset.
Trend Cursor Does Not Appear

If the trend is part of a display, select it. If that doesn't enable the Trend Cursor (page 87), the trend is probably too small. Double-click to make the trend larger.
Trend Legend Does Not Appear

Make the trend larger. If that doesn't help, check the default Trend Format settings.
Cant Change or Save a Display

If your PI ProcessBook is part of a View-only installation, you are unable to save any ad hoc trends or alter displays or ProcessBooks. If you cannot alter a display or ProcessBook, you may be in either View mode or Run mode. If you are in View mode, you have only one toolbar. If you are in Run mode, the Run mode button on the Drawing toolbar is depressed. Switch to Build mode .
Is an XYPlot Updating?
When an XYPlot is updating, the updating tags are shown with an arrow indicator in the legend. An XYPlot is updating if the following conditions exist:
Troubleshooting Tips
The end time for the X tag is indicated as the current time (by using *) or is in the future
(*+N)
At least one of the Y tag end times is indicated as the current time (by using *) or is in the
future (*+N) and is not synchronized or matched with the X tag (if X is not updating). If both the X tag and the Y tag are updating, an arrow indicator is shown in each legend entry. Updates for retrieval methods Recorded and Interpolated are received from an event pipe that provides the application with snapshot values. For this reason, when a tag is using recorded values, you may see many more values while the plot is updating than are actually recorded. Once the plot is regenerated or reverted, only recorded values are shown. When using the interpolated retrieval method, values on the plot are interpolated using the snapshots coming in through the event pipe.
Is an OLE Object in a Display Linked or Embedded?

To determine if an object is linked or embedded, look at the border around it. Linked objects are surrounded with dashed lines; embedded objects are surrounded with solid lines. Depending on the colors used, sometimes the border of an object is difficult to see. If so, select the object and click on the Edit menu. The last entry in the menu appears as: xx object for embedded objects or Linked xx object for linked objects where xx is the object type, such as document, spreadsheet, etc.
Linked Object Data Isn't Updating

If your linked data doesn't update when you open a display, click Edit > Links.
If the Edit > Links choice is unavailable, the link is permanently broken and your object
has become a picture. It can't update from the source. Re-create the object.
On the Links dialog, if the file is set to Manual Update, click Update Now, and the file
should update.
On the Links dialog, if the entry for the file says Unavail, the source file is not where the
application expects to find it. Use the Change Source button to locate the file and reestablish a path for the link.
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ODBC Problems
ODBC Problems
Missing ODBC Trace
If no values are found for one of the selected columns in a query, the trace will not be drawn and the value in the legend reads No Data. If the necessary time value is not defined in the query, either by a date/time column or by a placeholder tag, the trace is drawn as a straight line using one value.
Missing ODBC Data Sources

Occasionally, an ODBC data source cannot be found. This can occur because the data source was deleted or because the ProcessBook .piw file has been moved to a machine that does not have the same data source defined. To resolve the problem, re-define the data source. The following figure shows what happens when a Trend attempts to display a trace for which the data source no longer exists.
Trend Display after a Data Set failure
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Appendix D
System Administrator Notes

PI ProcessBook Connection to Windows NT or UNIX Servers
Each PI ProcessBook user creates a new connection to a single PINETMGR process on the PI node. PI Server connections are managed through the PI SDK on the machine running PI ProcessBook. See PI Server documentation for information on security and troubleshooting.
PI ProcessBook Connection to OpenVMS Servers

For OpenVMS, each PI ProcessBook user creates a PI Server process on the PI Server PI node. You can see all these connection processes on the PI Server with the VMS Show System/Network command. The process name of each PI Server process is:
NNNNNN:SSSSIIII
NNNNNN is the node name of the PC. This may be a number, depending on whether the PC node is defined in the network database on the VAX or Alpha. SSSS is the first four characters of your user name from the PI ProcessBook login dialog box or "Book" if you leave the user name field blank. IIII is the process ID of the PI ProcessBook process, which is always E. There is also a log file in the PISysExe: directory for each PI ProcessBook connection. For DECNet connections, this log file is NetServer.LOG. For TCP/IP connections, the name is xxxPIServer.LOG where xxx depends on the vendor of the VMS TCP/IP software. PI Server connections are managed through the PI-SDK on the machine running PI ProcessBook.
Read/Write Data Access for Users

Although the only data feature PI ProcessBook currently supports is read-only access, the PI System Administrator can configure a user's setup for read-only, read/write, or no access. For more information, refer to PIBuild:PIServer.txt on your PI Server node. If you want to restrict read and/or write access to PI data, make changes in the CLIENTACCESS section of the file pisysdat:piserver.dat. For example: [USERDATABASE]
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DEFAULT=PI [CLIENTACCESS] DEFAULT=RW DYAN=R ERIC=R JOHN=NONE The above entries in piserver.dat result in:
The machines named DYAN and ERIC have only read access to PI data. The machine named JOHN does not have any access to PI data. All other machines have both read and write access to PI.
The value for the DEFAULT entry is initially set to RW. Otherwise, existing PINet nodes will not function properly. If you want to restrict write access from PCs, set the default CLIENTACCESS to R and add entries to accommodate your PINet Nodes. For example: [USERDATABASE] DEFAULT=PI CLIENTACCESS DEFAULT=R BRIAN=RW The preceding entry allows the PINet node BRIAN to read and to write data to the PI System. All other nodes have read- only access. TCP/IP node names are case-sensitive. In addition, the values for the entries in the CLIENTACCESS section (for example, R and W) are also case-sensitive.
Machine Address
Because PI ProcessBook is a client/server application, the communication setup is essential. The machine address, which allows the PI System to recognize your machine, is a key item. Often, the address may be found as an alias in the TCP host file. The Network Administrator should resolve any questions or difficulties regarding the network and addressing.
PROCBOOK.INI
The PROCBOOK.INI file contains configuration and preference settings for PI ProcessBook. This file generally resides in two places, the user's default location, C:\Documents and Settings\<user name>\Application Data\PISystem\PIProcessBook\<language>, and the PIPC\DAT directory (on the local drive where PI ProcessBook is installed).
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PROCBOOK.INI
When PI ProcessBook is installed on an individual PC using SETUP.EXE, the procbook.ini file in PIPC\DAT is created. The file in C:\Documents and Settings\<user name>\Application Data\PISystem\PI-ProcessBook is only created once settings are changed in the PI ProcessBook Preferences dialog for the first time. The values in C:\Documents and Settings\<user name>\Application Data\PISystem\PI-ProcessBook\language override the values in PIPC\DAT unless an administrator creates Registry entries to override user-specific settings. The following is a list and brief explanation of the most significant sections and keywords in the PROCBOOK.INI file. The settings used are examples and not necessarily the default values.
Startup Section
Initializations for startup of PI Processbook Possible entries: StartupProcessBookSpecifies file to be opened on start of Processbook DefaultFileLocationBy default, clicking File > Open directs you to the local user's My Documents directory. Specifying a different directory in this entry defaults File > Open and File > Save to a new folder when ProcessBook starts. ModeBiasR=run-mode, B=build-mode RetainAspectRatio1=preserve aspect ratio for displays, 0=do not Symbol LibrarySpecifies workbook that is opened by selecting Book of Symbols MakeBackupFile1=make backup files while using ProcessBook, 0=do not make backup files AuthorSets the default author for created displays and workbooks ToolTipsEnabledSetting this entry equal to Y enables tool tips on ProcessBook symbols. Setting equal to N disables them. The default (if this entry is not in the .ini file) is Y. International Date FormatSpecifies date/time format. 1=Windows format, 0=PI Time format PromptForConversion1=prompt user when opening a file created with an earlier version, asking whether or not to convert to new format, 0=do not prompt (default) MaxUndoStackSizeMaximum number of elements in the Undo stack (default is 200) Build/Run Scroll ModeFor each mode, set the scrolling: 0=off, 1=on, 2=automatic. GridSizeSets the Grid Size, in lines per screen unit. Default is 12. File Access EntriesFileAccessTimeout and FileAccessInterval entries, described below, first check the common INI file for these settings as opposed to the private INI files. FileAccessTimeoutNumber of seconds ProcessBook will attempt to open a locked file (default is 5 seconds)
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FileAccessIntervalNumber of intervals, in tenths of seconds, between attempts to open a locked file (default is 1/10 of a second) COMTimeOutThis is the number of seconds that the ProcessBook container will wait before showing a timeout dialog. The default is 30 seconds. RunSelectorColorRed, Green, Blue, values can range from 0 to 255, sets the color of the selector rectangle in run mode. MacroProtectionLevelSpecifies how ProcessBook handles macros per display. Possible settings: Level 0No macro protection (default if entry is not defined) Level 1Prompts user to disable macros when VBA code is opened Level 2Prompts user as in Level 1, except when macros are disabled, VBA code is opened and locked in design mode Level 5Same as Level 1, except no dialog appears when display is opened (can toggle between run and design modes) Level 6Same as Level 2, except no dialog appears when display is opened (locked in design mode) Toolbar Configuration EntriesTypically the toolbar INI file (PBToolbarConfig.ini) is generated by ProcessBook in the same folder as the private PROCBOOK.INI file, and is persisted there. However, you can assign toolbar configurations to other INI files by setting the entries below (in order of precedence, from first to last): TBFilePathLocation and filename that the user's toolbar configuration data will be persisted (this file must have both read and write access). This will also be the first location looked for when loading the toolbar configuration. UserDefaultTBRead-only location and filename of a toolbar configuration that is searched for, when the file in TBFilePath is not found. This could be a default company, or group, configuration. PBDefaultTBRead-only location and filename of a toolbar configuration, used only when the two entries above are not found, and there is no toolbar configuration data persisted in the Windows registry. SymbolDLLsFilenames of additional add-in libraries to load when starting ProcessBook (such as SQC.DLL or BTREND32.DLL). These entries are automatically added when these components are installed. ReferencesFilenames or paths to VBA references, separated by semicolons (;) URL HomeSpecifies the website navigated to when a user clicks the ProcessBook icon in the Help\About box. Default link is to the OSIsoft Website (http://www.osisoft.com/) MaxBitmapMBMaximum file size (in megabytes) that bitmap images may be loaded in displays. If embedded bitmaps are larger than the specified maximum, ProcessBook scales the images down to lower resolutions. The current default maximum is 16.0 MB. ServerTimeZone1=Show times and time spans based on the time zone of the server where the tags originate, 0=Show times and time spans based on the time zone of the local machine. 1 is the default.
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PROCBOOK.INI
ProcessBookSetting this value equal to PRIMARY allows users on a network to view ProcessBooks, but not change them. The user will have access to the Standard toolbar, including trend displays, but cannot save an ad hoc display. EnableScreenSaverIndicates if the platform's screen saver should be displayed while ProcessBook is running. A value of 1 means that the screen saver should be enabled and appear if it is defined at the platform level. A value of 0 means that the screen saver should not appear while ProcessBook is running, even if the screen saver is enabled at the platform level. The default value is 1. If this entry is not in procbook.ini, the code will assume a value of 1. ConnectUsingAPI0 = (default)do not connect on startup using the PI API, only use the PI SDK. 1 = connect using the PI API (and the PI SDK). This is used to support legacy VBA code in displays/add-ins. Show Value AttributesIndicates if values attributes (substituted, questionable, annotations) should be shown for tags. 1 = Yes (default setting) 0 = No PB2TraceCompatibilityIndicates if all snapshot values should be retained for trends. 1 = Yes (default setting). Do not use archive event pipe. 0 = No - Use snapshot value filtering/removal logic and use archive event pipe. EnableConnectorAttachmentscontrols whether symbols drag and dropped on top of a connector are made into connector attachments 1 = true - allow 0 = false - do not allow ConnectorsAvoidConnectorscontrols if connectors are treated as obstacles to be avoided when performing object avoidance 1 = true - connectors are avoided in object avoidance 0 = false - connectors are not avoided in object avoidance AutoEnableScriptingwhen set to True, new dynamic symbols will be automatically enabled ; for scripting as is the current PI ProcessBook behavior. If set to False, new dynamic ; symbols will not be automatically enabled for scripting. Startup Example
[Startup] Startup ProcessBook=PIDEMO30.PIW DefaultFileLocation="C:\Program Files\PIPC\Procbook" ModeBias=R Retain Aspect Ratio=0 Symbol Library=SYMLIBRY.PIW PromptForConversion=[PB_PROMPTFORCONVERSION] Show Value Attributes=1 PB2TraceCompatibility=1 MakeBackupFile=0 ToolTipsEnabled=Y
Author= International Date Format=1 MaxUndoStackSize=20 Build Scroll Mode=1 Run Scroll Mode=1 GridSize=12 FileAccessTimeout=5 FileAccessInterval=1 COMTimeOut=30 RunSelectorColor=0,0,0 MacroProtectionLevel=0 TBFilePath= UserDefaultTB= PBDefaultTB= References= URL Home="http://www.osisoft.com/" MaxBitmapMB=16 ServerTimeZone=1 Processbook=PRIMARY EnableScreenSaver=1 ConnectUsingAPI=0 EnableConnectorAttachments=1
ProcessBook View Section

The ProcessBook View section of the .INI file should be modified through the Tools > Preferences dialog and should resemble this example:
[ProcessBook View] BookView = 1
BookView controls the view in which a ProcessBook is displayed when opened (0 = Outline, 1 = Book). To change the font for the tabs in book view, add a section similar to this example:
[BookTab_Font] Height=-13 Weight=0 Italic=0 Underline=0 PitchAndFamily=0 FaceName=Arial
The FaceName should be a True-Type font so that it can be rotated.
Conversion Section
The Conversion section of the .INI file identifies resources for importing other file formats and resembles this example:
[Conversion] Import0 = PIDisDIFF Files, impd32.dll, dat Import1 = PI-Graphics Files, impp32.dll, dat
ImportN identifies the file types used when converting VAX-formatted trends or graphics. N increments by one for each file type.
200
PROCBOOK.INI
The second field is the name of the file type to be imported and will appear in the List Files of Type drop-down box in the Import File dialog box. The third field is the DLL used to import the file type. No path is necessary, since the files reside in the same directory as Procbook.exe. The fourth field is the default extension for the file type. You may have more than one extension for each import type, separated by semicolons.
Data Manager Section

The Data Manager section of the .INI file should be added by the System Manager and should resemble this example.
[Data Manager] TIMER = 5000
TIMER sets the poll timer, in milliseconds, for checking whether PI ProcessBook should perform any time-related task. Time-related tasks include retrieving exception reports from PI and re-querying sources. (60,000 is the maximum setting; the default is 5000.)
Trend Definition Section

Trend initializations. Possible entries: Autoscale1=autoscale the trend, 0=no autoscale Value/Description/Markers/Plot Title/Grids/Scale Inside Axis/Tag Name/Eng Units 1=enable feature, 0=disable feature Background Null1=sets trends to have no background color, 0=trends have background color specified under Elements Start Time/End TimeDefault start and end time range for the trend (must be a valid PI string) MarkerWarningProcessBook has the option of showing a warning dialog whenever a trend has found too many marker values. 1=enables this option, 0=disables this option. Default value is 1. UpdateTimeRangeMaximum time period, in seconds, to update on a trend. The default is 604,800 seconds, equal to 7 days. If the time range of a trend is greater than this value, it will not refresh automatically even when the end time is '*'. Note that the maximum update range is different from the update rate, which is the frequency with which the PC asks for new data from the server, typically every 5 seconds. RequeryThresholdFactorBase the max values for each trace on a "factor" of the interval RequeryHoldoffTimeoutMinimum time for re-query since last requery in milliseconds Max Tracesthe maximum number of traces per trend. ElementThese 16 entries are the main drawn properties of trends. For each of 16 trend elements, you can change the color and shape properties. This is the entry format: ElementX = Name, Color, LineStyle, MarkerStyle
ColorDecimal conversion of the color to draw the element. ex. Pen 1 has a color of 65280, this converts to 0x00ff00 in hex -->00ff00 = 0 red, 255 green, 0 blue ==> Green LineStyleLine style of the element. Key is as follows: -1=no line, 0=solid, 1=dashed, 2=dotted, 3=dash-dot, 4=dash-dot-dot MarkerStyleMarker style of each trace. Key is as follows: -1=no marker, 0=closed circle, 1=open circle, 2=closed diamond, 3=open diamond, 4=closed square, 5=open square, 6=closed triangle, 7=open triangle, 8=cross Tag Name/Server Name1=show on legend by default, 0=do not show on legend by default Example:
[Trend Definition] Autoscale=1 Value=1 Description=0 Markers=0 Plot Title=1 Grids=1 Scale Inside Axis=1 Tag Name=1 Server Name=0 Eng Units=1 Background Null=0 Start Time=*-8 Hour End Time=* MarkerWarning=1 UpdateTimeRange=604800 ;MaxValues=2000 RequeryThresholdFactor=6 RequeryHoldoffTimeout=300000 Max Traces=50 Element1=Horz. Axis,0,0,-1 Element2=Background,8421504,-1,-1 Element3=Horz. Major Grid,0,0,-1 Element4=Horz. Minor Grid,0,0,-1 Element5=Pen 1,65280,0,0 Element6=Pen 2,16776960,0,1 Element7=Pen 3,65535,0,2 Element8=Pen 4,16711935,0,3 Element9=Pen 5,255,0,4 Element10=Pen 6,16777215,0,5 Element11=Pen 7,16711680,0,6 Element12=Pen 8,0,0,7 Element13=Text,16777215,-1,-1 Element14=Vert. Axis,0,0,-1 Element15=Vert. Major Grid,0,0,-1 Element16=Vert. Minor Grid,0,0,-1
Colors Section
Defines the 16 colors in the ProcessBook palette. Parameters: ColorX = Red, Green, Blue, values can range from 0 to 255
202
PROCBOOK.INI
Example:
[Colors] Color1=255,255,255 Color2=255,0,0 Color3=0,255,0 Color4=0,0,255 Color5=0,255,255 Color6=255,0,255 Color7=255,255,0 Color8=0,0,0 Color9=192,192,192 Color10=128,0,0 Color11=0,128,0 Color12=128,128,128 Color13=128,0,128 Color14=0,0,128 Color15=128,128,0 Color16=0,128,128
Time Range Scroll Section

Possible entries: TimeRangeMin/TimeRangeMaxset the minimum/maximum time that can be scrolled to (must be valid PI time string) PageScrollNonlinearitysets the factor by which clicking on and holding the mouse button down in the page scroll area will increase the speed that the thumbwheel of the scrollbar moves. A value of 0 indicates no acceleration. LineScrollNonlinearitysets the factor by which clicking on and holding the mouse button down in the line scroll area will increase the speed that the thumbwheel of the scrollbar moves. A value of 0 indicates no acceleration. ThumbScrollNonlinearitysets the factor by which clicking and holding the thumbwheel of the scrollbar will increase the speed that the thumbwheel moves Example:
[Time Range Scroll] TimeRangeMin=*-100d TimeRangeMax=*+10d PageScrollNonlinearity=20 LineScrollNonlinearity=100 ThumbScrollNonlinearity=20
ProcessBook Level Section

Font settings for book levels in outline view. Possible entries: Underline1=underline, 0=no underline FaceNameFont for specified level HeightHeight of the font (almost equivalent to font point size) WeightBoldness factor of the font
203
Italic1=italic, 0=no italic

[PB Level 1] Underline=0 FaceName=MS Sans Serif Height=-16 Weight=700 Italic=0 PitchAndFamily=34 [PB Level 2] Underline=0 FaceName=MS Sans Serif Height=-13 Weight=700 Italic=0 PitchAndFamily=34
Display Colors Section

Possible entries: DisplayBackgroundColorRed, Green, Blue, values can range from 0 to 255, sets the background color for any newly created display SymbolFillColorRed, Green, Blue, values can range from 0 to 255, sets the fill color for newly created symbols SymbolLineColorRed, Green, Blue, values can range from 0 to 255, sets the outline color for newly created symbols SymbolBackgroundColorRed, Green, Blue, values can range from 0 to 255, sets the background color for newly created symbols, for example, the empty portion of a bar symbol takes on this color. Example:
[Display Colors] DisplayBackgroundColor=192,192,192 SymbolFillColor = 0,0,255 SymbolLineColor = 255,255,255 SymbolBackgroundColor = 192,192,192
XYPlot Definition Section

Modify this section to determine the default formatting of an XYPlot. Autoscale1=yes, 0=no Value/Description/Plot Title/Grids/Scale Inside Axis/Tag Name/Eng Units/Correlation Coefficient/Linear Correlation/Connecting Lines1=enable feature, 0=disable feature Background Null1=sets XYPlots to have no background color, 0=XYPlots have background color specified under Elements Start Time/End TimeDefault start and end time range for the XYTag (must be a valid PI string)
204
PROCBOOK.INI
UpdateTimeRangeMaximum time period, in seconds, to update on an XYTag. The default is 604, 800 seconds, equal to 7 days. If the time range of an XYTag is greater than this value, it will not refresh automatically even when the end time is '*'. The maximum update range is different from the update rate, which is the frequency with which the PC asks for new data from the server, typically every 5 seconds. ElementThese 17 entries are the main drawn properties of XYPlots. For each of 17 XYPlot elements, you can change the color and shape properties. This is the entry format: ElementXName, Color, LineStyle, MarkerStyle ColorDecimal conversion of the color to draw the element. LineStyleLine style of the element. Key is as follows: -1=no line, 0=solid, 1=dashed, 2=dotted, 3=dash-dot, 4=dash-dot-dot MarkerStyleMarker style of each XYTag. Key is as follows: -1=no marker, 0=closed circle, 1=open circle, 2=closed diamond, 3=open diamond, 4=closed square, 5=open square, 6=closed triangle, 7=open triangle, 8=cross
Macro Protection
The primary purpose of the macro protection feature is to prevent misbehaved VBA event code from executing. Whenever a ProcessBook display (either standalone .pdi file or table of contents entry) is opened, ProcessBook determines whether the display has any VBA code present. MacroProtectionLevel may be set in the [STARTUP] section of Procbook.ini at one of the following levels:
Value 0 1 2 5 6 Description Display is opened with macros enabled. User is prompted when display is opened; project is set to design mode if user selects <Disable Macros>. User is prompted when display is opened; project is opened with macros disabled if user selects <Disable Macros>. User is prompted when display is opened; project is always set to design mode when opened. User is prompted when display is opened; project is always opened with macros disabled.
The default value for this setting is 0, so that if it is not present at all in the .ini file, then PI ProcessBook always executes macros.
View Only Mode

Installations of PI ProcessBook can be configured so that users on a network may only view ProcessBooks and not change them. The user has access to the Standard toolbar, including the Trend Display feature, but cannot save an ad hoc display.
205
To put PI ProcessBook into view-only mode, add the line

ProcessBook=Primary
to the Startup section of your ProcBook.ini file. Alternatively, if you use NT Network security, you could set the file permissions to read-only for those users who should not modify ProcessBooks. Those users could make a copy of the file locally and modify it.
Security
Any string or integer value in PROCBOOK.INI can be overriden in the registry. Overrides can be provided in the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\PISystem\PI ProcessBook\Security key. Under that key there is a key for the INI file section. The values are in that section. For example, to override the EnableScreenSaver setting in the STARTUP section of PROCBOOK.INI, a DWORD value EnableScreenSaver with a value of 1 would be created in HKLM\SOFTWARE\PISystem\PI ProcessBook\Security\Startup. If a value is found in the Security overrides section of the registry, the PROCBOOK.INI files will not be accessed. The PI ProcessBook setup kit does not create these registry keys; it is up to each site administrator to create the keys if they want to override the PROCBOOK.INI settings.
IMPPIGP.INI
The IMPPIGP.INI file contains configuration settings used by the Import utility in PI ProcessBook. The file generally resides in the PIPC\DAT directory. As with other .INI files, SETUP.EXE creates this file with default settings. When you import VAX-formatted graphics and graphics that include trends, the import utility uses the settings found in this .INI file to convert items such as color, line style, and fonts. You can edit the .INI file if you want to change these default settings. Before you edit this file, you should make a backup copy so you can restore PI ProcessBook to its original settings.
Note: The settings in this .INI file affect graphics and trends included in graphics only. When importing trend displays, the format specified in the Trend Preference setting is used.
The following is a list of the keywords in the IMPPIGP.INI file. The values shown are examples and not necessarily the default settings shipped with PI ProcessBook: The Color section of the .INI file maps VAX colors to PI ProcessBook colors:
[Color] Clear=0,0,0 Black=0,0,0 White=255,255,255 Red=255,0,0
206
IMPPIGP.INI
Green=0,255,0 Blue=0,0,255 Cyan=0,255,255 Magenta=255,0,255 Yellow=255,255,0 Orange=255,128,0 GreenYellow=128,255,0 GreenCyan=0,255,128 BlueCyan=0,128,128 BlueMagenta=0,0,128 RedMagenta=255,0,128 DarkGray=128,128,128 LightGray=192,192,192
The values shown to the right of the equal sign are the red, green, blue values. Refer to Creating Your Own Colors in the Windows documentation for more information on changing these values. The Line Style section maps the VAX line format to the PI ProcessBook line format:
[Line Style] Supress=5 Solid=0 XShortDash=2 DotShortDash=3 LongDash=1 XLongDash=1 TwoDotDash=4 LongDotDash=3 ShortDash=1
The PI ProcessBook values to the right of the equal sign represent:

0 1 2 3 4 5 = = = = = = solid dash dot dash dot dash dot dot suppress
The Font section maps the VAX supported fonts to PI ProcessBook fonts:
StandardFont=35,400,0,0,34,Arial SmallVector=-29,400,0,0,34,Arial MediumVector=-52,400,0,0,34,Arial LargeVector=-77,400,0,0,34,Arial Note: These default values are based on resolutions for VT340 terminals. If you are using a terminal other than these, appearances may be different.
The values to the right of the equal sign represent these font characteristics.
Position 1 Font Characteristic Height Definition Specifies the height of the font. If the value is greater than zero, it specifies the cell height. If the value is less than zero, it specifies the character height, which is the cell height minus the leading. Specifies the weight of the font (for example, light, medium, bold). Values can be from 0 to 900 in increments of 100. 100 equals the lightest; 900 the darkest. 207
Weight
Position 3 4 5
Font Characteristic Italic Underline Pitch and Family
Definition Specifies an italic font if the value is not zero (for example, 0 = non-italic; 1 = italic). Specifies an underlined font if the value is not zero (for example, 0 = non-underlined; 1 = underlined). Specifies the pitch and family of the font. Pitch can be fixed, variable, or default. Font families, such as Old English, describe the look of a font in a general way. They are intended for specifying fonts when the exact typeface desired is not available. Specifies the typeface name of the font.
Face Name
The Marker section of the .INI file maps the VAX trend markers to the markers provided in PI ProcessBook:
[Markers] NoMarker=9 Dot=0 SmallPlus=6 LargePlus=7 Asterisk=0 Circle=1 LargeX=8 Box=5 Diamond=3 BoxWithDot=4 DiamondWithDot=2 BoxWithDiamond=4
The values to the right of the equal sign represent these marker types in PI ProcessBook:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 = = = = = = = = = = filled circle open circle filled diamond open diamond filled square open square filled triangle open triangle cross none
The Display section in the .INI file specifies the supported terminals in PI ProcessBook:
[Display] Terminal Type=VT340
Keywords for supported terminals are shown below. The horizontal and vertical dimensions are also shown.
VT340 = 800 x 500 Reflection = 800 x 500 Tektronix = 4095 x 3130 X1024 = 880 x 640 X800 = 560 x 448
If your terminal is not included in the list of keywords, you can create your own. The syntax is:
Terminal Type=Custom,X,Y
208
SETUPProcessBook.LOG
where X equals the horizontal dimension and Y equals the vertical dimension.
SETUPProcessBook.LOG
This log tracks the setup of PI ProcessBook on your system and holds information pertaining to directory structure, user-entered information for Node, .DLL, and User name, and the installation of the various ProcessBook files.
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Appendix E
Technical Support and Resources

OSIsoft provides dedicated technical support internationally, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. You can read complete information about technical support options, and access all of the following resources at the OSIsoft Technical Support Web site: http://techsupport.osisoft.com (http://techsupport.osisoft.com) OSIsoft provides the following support options and resources.
Help Desk and Telephone Support

Telephone support is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Direct service may not be available in some locations or during some hours; in this case, leave a message and your call will be returned within four hours.
USA and Canada: (510) 297-5828 Outside of North America: +01 510-297-5828 FAX: (510) 352-2349
Email Support
Email technical support inquiries, including the problem description and message logs, to techsupport@osisoft.com. You will receive a response within 24 hours.
Personalized Online Technical Support

The Online Call Center allows you to create a support call, which will be responded to in 24 hours. It also allows you to review information from your previous support calls. Choose My Support > My Calls (Online Support) in the Technical Support Web site. The My Support menu allows you to review My Products, My Download History, and SRP Terms, which covers Service Reliance Program (SRP) service agreements.
Knowledge Center
The Knowledge Center provides a searchable library of documentation and technical data, as well as a special collection of resources for system managers. For these options, click Knowledge Center in the Technical Support Web site.
The Search feature allows you to search Support Solutions, Bulletins, Support Pages,
Known Issues, Enhancements, and Documentation (including user manuals, release notes, and white papers).
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Technical Support and Resources
System Manager Resources include tools and instructions that help you manage: archive
sizing, backup scripts, daily health checks, daylight savings time configuration, PI Server security, PI system sizing and configuration, PI trusts for interface nodes, and more.
Remote Server Access

Technical support engineers can remotely access your PI Server to provide diagnostics, hands-on troubleshooting, and assistance. Choose Contact Us > Remote Access Options in the Technical Support Web site.
On-site Technical Support

OSIsoft provides on-site service according to SRP service level agreements. To see current SRP status, go to My Support > SRP Terms on the Technical Support Web site.
Before You Call or Write for Help

When you contact OSIsoft Technical Support, please provide:
Product name, version, and/or build numbers Computer platform (CPU type, operating system, and version number) The time that the difficulty started The message log(s) at that time
Special Considerations for PINet and PIonPINet

PINet and PIonPINet require special consideration for support and upgrades. Please follow these instructions: Find the Operating System Version and Applications Currently Running Enter the command: Show System Find the PINet or PIonPINet Version Number To find the PINet or PIonPINet version number, change to the PINet or PISysEXE directory and enter the command: @PINet:pinetverify Find Subsystem, Interface and Application Version Numbers PINet and PIonPINet are custom compiled and distributed as an integrated system. Most PINet subsystems, interfaces and applications don't have separate build numbers. Some may have a separate version number, which are reported and logged by the program during restart. Log files are found in PINet or PISysEXE directories, generally named: *.log, *.out, and *.txt.:
PINet or PISysMgr - PIMessLog.txt:* PINet or PISysEXE - .log, *.out, and *.txt files
212
Before You Call or Write for Help
Find System Parameters Enter the command: type piparamsc Upgrades To request an upgrade, provide PINet and operating system version, and platform information to Technical Support. Follow PI2 upgrade request instructions on the Technical Support Web site. Select Contact Us > Obtaining Upgrades. Remote Server Access for PINet or PIonPINet Technical support engineers can remotely access your PINet or PIonPINet node to provide diagnostics, hands-on troubleshooting, and assistance. You will need a robust terminal emulation program, such as WRG Reflections VT (or R2 or R4). Windows Telnet or Hyperterm applications are not adequate for remote assistance.
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Index
.
.piw 36 of plot elements 85 Pen 24 section of the imppign.ini file 212 Trend Element Preferences tab 24 COM object 163 Compound Documents 175 Configuring the Data Source 159, 191, 196 Connection Points 146, 147 Add 148 Delete 148 Connections 146, 147 Connectors Dialog 149 Failure 9 to OpenVMS Servers 201 Connector Symbols 146 Container 175, 177 Context for Module Relative Displays 74, 75, 77 Change at Run 77 Continuous trace 95 Control 177 Convert 184 VAX-formatted trends and graphics 98 Copy 47 a data set to another ProcessBook 172 Correlation Correlation Coefficient for XY Plot 113 Cursors 89 Missing 197 Custom Data Sets 163 Custom Menus 17 Custom Toolbars 17
A
ActiveX Control 175, 177 Ad Hoc Trend 97, 98 Create 97 Save 98 Add-In Manager 25 Add-Ins 25, 26 Alias 74 Module Database 74 Aligning Multiple Symbols 145 Annotations 139, 141 Add 141 Arc command 131 Archive 2 Assign Layers dialog 72 Attributes Changing 66 Color 67, 68 Font 66 Line 68, 69 Autorange 91, 92
B
Background color 68 Bar 125 Create a bar 125 Book View 43, 44, 45 Preferences 20 Section of Procbook.ini file 202 Browsing Displays from Internet Explorer 58 Build Mode 8, 37 Button Adding a Button 124
D
Data 2, 3 Data Manager in Procbook.ini file 202 Not in Display 197 Data Archive 2 Data Set 159, 160, 164, 169, 170, 171, 172 Adding to a column 169 Adding to Bars or Values in a Display 170 Copying a 172 Custom 163 Edit a 171 Is it in Use? 168 ODBC 164 PI Calculation 160 Running in ProcessBook 171
215
C
Call Tracing 195 Cascade 57 Circle 131 Close a ProcessBook 48 Color 21, 67, 68, 85, 212
Index
Data Source 164, 191, 192, 199 Configuring the 193, 196 Definition of 164 Delete a 196 Edit a 196 Troubleshooting 199 Default Preference settings 18 Trend Format 82 Delete 48, 82, 172, 184, 196 a Data Set 172 a Plot within a Trend 82 an Entry 48 an ODBC Data Source 196 an ODBC Driver 196 an OLE Object 184 Deselect a Symbol 142 Design Mode, VBA 3, 189 Details Window 139, 140, 142 Open 139 Pin 142 Digital values 121 Disabling macros 211 Disconnect from a Server 9 Discrete trace 95 Display 8, 55 as an Embedded Object 186 Can't Find Data 197 Connection Failure 9 Data sources for 1 Elements of 104, 108, 109 Manage multiple displays 57 Module-relative 73 Point Attributes 63 Reducing to Icon 60 Resizing 58 Saving 60 Display Entry 37 Linked Display Entry 39 Text or Display 38 Displaying an Item's Definition 155 Displaying an OLE object with an Icon 184 Drag and Drop Embedding 180 Draw 62, 64, 103, 131, 132, 133 Drawing Area 62 Drawing Grid 65 Drawing Tools 64 Free-form Objects 132 Line 130 Polylines 133
Rectangle, Square, Arc, Ellipse, or Circle 131 XYPlot 103 Driver Manager 191 Dynamic Symbol 55, 79, 125, 127, 155, 181 Bar 125 Button 123 definition of 155 Multi-State symbol 127 Status of 156 Trend 79 Value 121 XYPlot 101
E
Edit 171, 182, 183, 196 a Data Set 171 a text box 130 an ODBC Data Source 196 Embedded Objects 183 Linked Objects 183 Ellipse 130, 131 Embed 176, 186 discussion of 176 Example of 178 Existing ProcessBook Display in Another OLE Application 186 ProcessBook Display in Another OLE Application 186 vs. Link 177 Entries 37, 43, 47 Arranging 43 Change the Name of 45, 47 Creating 37 Placement in ProcessBook 37 Rearranging 47 Types of 45 Expanding a Trend 88
F
File How to Import 52 Sharing 53 Flags for Data 157 Flip command 143 Floating Point values 121 Font 66 Font section of the imppign.ini file 212 Format 65, 66, 67, 68, 69 Color 67, 68 Editable Formatting Attributes 66
216
Font 66 Line 68, 69 Trend 82, 83, 85, 86 Formatting Paintbrush 69 Full Screen 17, 59 Full Timestamp 95 Future Trends 16
G
Graphics 99, 133, 134 Convert from VAX to PC 99 Graphic Symbol 133, 134 Icons vs. Graphics 178 Grid 65 Grid Lines 91 Size 65 Group Symbols 145
H
Handles 142 Horizontal flip 143 How Trends Refresh 90
Assign symbol to 72 Composite symbols 72 Working with 70 Z Order 70 Layout tab 82, 86 Legend 103, 104, 108, 109 Level of an Entry 45 Line 24, 68, 85, 130, 212 Draw 130 Ends 69 Style 23, 24, 68, 85 Weight 68, 85 Linear Correlation Line 108 Linear Regression by Least Squares Method 113 Link 176, 177, 180, 181, 186 Existing File into a ProcessBook Display 180 ProcessBook to Another Application 186 Re-establishing 182 vs. Embed 177 Linked Displays or ProcessBooks 39 Add 39 Logarithmic scales 79, 91
I
Icons 60 Graphics vs. Icons 178 impg32.dll 202 Import 52, 98 Files 52 VAX-formatted trends and graphics 98 imppigp.ini 212 Independent Display files 58 Saving 60 Installation 4 Testing 4 Integers 121 Internet Explorer 58 Interpolated data retrieval method 103, 104 Interval 103, 104 Invisible line on a trend 24 Item Definition 155, 156
M
Macros 3, 189, 211 Markers 23, 96 Shapes 24 Menu 16 Minimize 58 Missing Data Sources 191, 199 Missing Trace 199 Mode, Run and Build 8, 37 Module Context 73, 74, 75, 76, 77 Features 74 Module Context Add-in 73 Move 41, 53, 77, 82 a Display to another PI Server 77 a Plot 82 a ProcessBook to another PC 53 MSQuery 194 Multiple Objects 142, 144, 145 Align Multiple Symbols 145 How to Select 142 Stacking Order 144 Ungroup 145 Multi-State Symbol 127
K
Keyboard Shortcuts 28, 29, 30
L
Layers 70, 72, 73 Adding a Layer 70
N
Name 35, 45, 70
217
Index
a ProcessBook 35 of a layer 70 Network Connections 8, 9, 10 Network Errors 9 New 14 Display 14 ProcessBook 14, 35 ProcessBook Entry 14
O
ODBC 164, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 199 Data Access 191 Data Sets 164 Data Sources 191, 196 Driver Manager 191 Drivers 191, 196 Preparing to Use 193 Troubleshooting 199 OLE 175, 176, 177, 178, 182, 183, 184, 186, 187, 198 Edit 181, 182, 183, 184 Embed 176, 179 Link 176, 180, 181, 182 Overview 175, 176, 177 Troubleshooting 198 Open 36, 57, 58 a Display 57 Independent Display Files 58 Multiple entries 57 ProcessBook 36 Several Displays at Once 57 OpenVMS Trends and Graphics 98, 99 Organizing Symbols 64, 65, 142, 143, 145, 146 OSIsoft Developer Network (DevNet) 3 Out of Range Indicators 118 Outline View 45, 46, 47
Point 62, 63, 79 Pointers Build Mode 37 Run Mode 37 Polygon 131, 132 Preference Settings 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24 General Preferences 19 Trend 23 Trend Elements 24 Preserve aspect ratio 58 Print 30, 31 Procbook.ini 202 ProcessBook 8, 35, 36, 37, 43, 48, 49, 52, 53 Basic Steps to Build a 35 Book View 43, 44, 45 Entries 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43 File Sharing Capability 53 Import Files to 52 Mode, Run and Build 37 Open 36, 37 Outline View 45, 46, 47 Overview 8 Properties Dialog 49, 50, 51 Save and close 48 Properties 49, 50, 137 Display 50 of a ProcessBook or Display 49, 50, 51 of Symbols in the Symbols Library 137
Q
Queries 166, 167, 194 Questionable Data Flag 157
R
Rectangle 130, 131 How to Draw 131 Re-establishing Links 182 Refresh Interval 90, 164, 170 Refresh Timer section of Procbook.ini file 202 Regrouping a Composite Symbol 145 Relative paths 181 Relative Timestamp 95 Remove a Trend Cursor 89 an Entry 48 Reset 13 Resize 44, 58 a Display 58 a ProcessBook Window 44 Retain Aspect Ratio 202
P
Pages 44 Turning in Book View 44 Partial Timestamp 95 PI Data Archive 2 PI ProcessBook 1, 7 PI Server 2, 8, 9, 10 Connect/Disconnect 9 Updates to 2 Pisysdat 201 Placeholders 166, 167 Plot 79, 82, 104 Plot Title 103, 104
218
Rotate a Symbol 143 Run 57 Entry 57 Macro 3 Mode 37
Rotate 143 Select 142 Stacking 144 Static 55 System Administration 201, 202, 212, 215 System Requirements 4
S
Save 48, 60, 98 Ad Hoc Trend Display 98 Preferred View of Your Entries 48 ProcessBook 48 ProcessBook Displays 48, 60 Scripting 3, 189 Scrollbars 13, 15, 16, 61, 90 Search 59, 63 for a Specific Display 59 for a Tag 63 Select Available Modules dialog 75 Selected Modules list 75 Selection handles 64, 82, 139, 142, 145 Server 8, 9, 10 Connect to a 9 Disconnect from 9 Display information about 10 Setup procedure 31, 202, 215 setup.exe 202 setup.log 215 Single Scale for the Vertical Axis 92 Snap to grid 65 Span 91 Square 131 How to Draw 131 Stacking Order 144 Starting PI ProcessBook 7 Startup section of Procbook.ini 202 Static Symbols 55 Status Report 156 Stored Procedures in Queries 194 Substituted Data Flag 157 Summary Information 49 Symbol Attachments Dialog Box 153 Symbol Library 202 Symbols 55, 121, 129, 135, 139 Connect 146, 147 Delete 143 Details and Annotations 139, 140, 141, 142 Dynamic 55 Flip 143
T
Tags 62, 63 Text Symbol 129, 130 Tile Windows 57 Time 10, 13, 15, 16 Time Forward and Back 16 Time Range Toolbar 13 Time range 13, 15, 16 Changing 15 Revert 13 Toolbar 13 Timestamp 95 Title of a trend 90 of ProcessBook or Display 49 Too Many Points 118 Toolbars 16, 17, 18 Add Buttons to 18 Customize 17 ToolTips 21, 69 Trace 85, 95, 96, 195 Definition of 95 Hiding 95 Markers 96 Missing 199 Trace ODBC Calls 195 Trend 23, 24, 79, 82, 88, 89, 90, 97, 98, 169, 197, 207 Ad Hoc 97 Analysis tools 88 Cursors 89, 197 Data Sets in 169 Default Format 82 Default Preferences 23 Definition section of procbook.ini 202 Delete a Plot 82 Expand 88 Formatting a 82 Grid Lines and Labels 91 Horizontal Scale Grid Lines 95 Importing VAX-Formatted 98 Invalid data 9
219
Index
Multiple Plots 82 Preferences 23 Refresh rate for data 90 Refreshing data from a data set 170 Tool 82, 97 Zoom 2x In or Out 88 Trend Scale Grid Lines 95 formatting 85 Troubleshooting 197, 198, 199, 215 Cant save a display 197 Display Has No Data 197 Legend Missing on Trend 197 ODBC Problems 199 Setup.log 215 Trend Cursors Missing 197 Updating Linked Objects 198
Change Time Range 116 Draw 103 Examples 118, 119, 120 Interpreting 114 Legend 103, 104, 108, 109 Plot Format Tab 103, 104, 109 Plot Title 103, 104
Z
Zoom 58, 88, 114 2x 88 Display Size 58
U
Ungroup Symbols 145 Updates 181, 198 Break Links 181 by Exception 2 for Future Trends 16 for Trend data 90 Links 181 to Linked Objects 181 to PI Data 2 Troubleshooting 198 Update dynamically 176 Upgrades 4
V
Value 121 Value Scale 23, 79, 91, 92, 95 VAX 52, 98, 99, 201, 206, 212 VBA 1, 3, 17, 177, 189, 190 View Only Mode 212 Views 43, 45 Book 43 Outline 45 Visible Layer 70 VMS 98, 99, 201
W
Workspace 7
X
XY Plot 101, 103, 104, 108, 109, 110, 113, 114, 116, 118
220

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PI ProcessBook User Guide

1994-2008 OSIsoft, Inc. All rights reserved

OSI Software GmbH

OSI Software Asia Pte Ltd.

OSIsoft Canada ULC

OSIsoft, Inc. Representative Office

OSIsoft Mexico S. De R.L. De C.V.

OSIsoft do Brasil Sistemas Ltda.

What Can You View with PI ProcessBook?

through OLE linking and embedding.

PI ProcessBook User Guide

Data from a PI System

significant efficiency improvement over traditional scanning.

What Can You View with PI ProcessBook?

Visual Basic for Applications

Data from Multiple Servers

PI ProcessBook User Guide

Windows Operating System Configurations

Other PI System Client Products

PI ProcessBook User Guide

PI ProcessBook User Guide

Run Mode and Build Mode

Servers and Connections

Servers and Connections

Disconnect from a Server

Displays and Connection Failure

Multi-State symbols show the configured color for bad data.

Display PI Server Information

Node Identifiers for Multiple PI Servers

Name weekday yearday

Plural name weekdays yeardays

Member names yes (for example, Tuesday) no

*+8h 18-dec-02 3m t+32s * 14-Dec-97 11-Nov-96 2:00:00.0001 t y

When using PI times, follow these guidelines:

PI ProcessBook User Guide

PI Time String Examples Time Syntax Examples

Time Range Toolbar

Scroll Bar (page 15)scrolls through time values.

Revert Time Range

PI ProcessBook User Guide

Changing the Time Range

Using the Scrolling Time Range

Time Forward and Back

PI ProcessBook User Guide

Menus and Toolbars

Menus and Toolbars

PI ProcessBook User Guide

Table of Contents Preferences

PI ProcessBook User Guide

PI ProcessBook User Guide

box is cleared, only a single value scale appears.

SampleUse this display area to view a preview of selected trend preferences.

PI ProcessBook User Guide

Trend Elements Preferences

use aliases as a data source for dynamic symbols.

then be used by RtWebParts.

5. Click OK to complete the action and close the dialog.

Data Favorites Add-In

There are a few panels within the Data Favorites window:

Bar dialog was used is applied.

Define Value dialog was used is applied.

Assign a Keyboard Shortcut

Remove a Keyboard Shortcut

When you print from a ProcessBook, you can:

+8h 18-dec-02 3m t+32s 14-Dec-97 11-Nov-96 2:00:00.0001 t y