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Skin and Proximity Effect
Skin and Proximity Effect
AC RESISTANCE:
If a conductor is carrying high alternating currents, the distribution of current is not evenly dispersed throughout the cross section of the conductor. This is due to two independent effects known as skin effect and proximity effect.
= =
f = Frequency (Hz) ks = Factor determined by conductor construction 1 for circular, stranded, compacted and sectored Rdc =DC resistance at operating temperature t t
= xp / ( 192 + 0.8 xp
-7
) (d c / S) 2.9
8 . . .10 . kp / R dct
= Frequency (Hz)
kp = Factor determined by conductor construction 1 for circular, stranded, compacted and sectored 0.8 if above conductors are dried and impregnated dc = Diameter of conductor (mm)
Rdc =DC resistance at operating temperature t. t S = Spacing between conductor centres (mm) 2) For THREE CORE and THREE SINGLE CORE cables: y where xp f
2
= xp
/ ( 192+0.8 xp ) +0.27}]
8 . . .10 . kp / R dct
-7
= Frequency (Hz)
kp = Factor determined by conductor construction 1 for circular, stranded, compacted and sectored 0.8 if above conductors are dried and impregnated dc = Diameter of conductor (mm) Rdc =DC resistance at operating temperature t. t S = Spacing between conductor centres (mm) For cables in flat formation, THUS: AC RESISTANCE at temperature t : S = (S1 S2), where S1 , S2 are the distances between conductors.
Ract
Rdc t [1 + y s + yp]
NOTE: The formulae given apply to both copper and aluminium conductors. see IEC 60287 for more details.
10.3.2.1
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