Excel

Chng trnh Giang day Kinh te Fulbright
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a i ho c
Kinh Te

Bien soan: ThS. ang Canh Thac
KS. Tran Thanh Thai
Phong may tnh.

Thang 08/2001
LI GII THIEU

Vi long mong moi giup cho cac hoc sinh, sinh vien, nhng ngi
co nhu cau tm hieu, nghien cu ve Microsoft Excel, nhng ngi ang
lam viec co lien quan en Excel, s dung Excel nh mot cong cu phan tch
va giai toan; chung toi cho ra i cuon sach Excel trong phan tch kinh
te nay, nham ap ng c nhu cau noi tren.
Nham ti muc tieu tiet kiem th i gian cho cac oc gia, cuon sach
nay c c trnh bay theo tng van e vi cac thao tac tng bc tng
bc mot; cac oc gia ch viec ngoi tren may va thc hien theo cac thao
tac c mo ta theo tng bai.
Trong phien ban sap ti cua tai lieu nay toi xin phep c gii thieu
mot vai ng dung cua Excel trong quan ly ke toan va trong phan tch tai
chnh.
ay la tap tai lieu au tay cua chung, chac han khong tranh khoi
nhng sai sot, rat mong c s ong gop y kien cua cac oc gia, toi xin
tran trong cam n cac y kien ong gop quy bau cua oc gia e cho cac
xuat ban sau se hoan thien hn. Th ve 232 bis 01/C Vo Th Sau, Quan 3
Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh.
Xin chan thanh cam n.
Tp. Ho Ch Minh, Ngay 01 Thang 08 Nam 2001
ThS. ang Canh Thac
KS. Tran Thanh Thai

MUC LUC
Trang
1. Lam quen vi bang tnh.......................................................................................... 2
1.1. M Excel, ong Excel, phong to, thu nho ca so
1.2. Thanh menu
1.3. Cac thanh cong cu
1.4. Them, bt va m rong hang, cot, cac o trong bang tnh
2. Tao bang tnh mi ................................................................................................... 7
2.1. Nhap d lieu
2.2. Sa d lieu
2.3. Thay oi o rong cot
2.4. S dung thanh cac cong cu chnh e tac ong len d lieu
2.5. S dung thanh nh dang e nh dang lai d lieu
2.6. Lu tap tin
3. Thc hien cac phep tnh va nhng thao tac can ban tren bang tnh............... 22
3.1. Cac phep tnh can ban
3.2. Lap cac cong thc tnh toan, sao chep cong thc trong bang tnh
3.3. Dch chuyen khoi, xoa va sao chep khoi d lieu
3.4. ong khung khoi d lieu
4. S dung ham trong bang tnh............................................................................... 27
4.1. Nhom ham Thong ke
4.2. Nhom ham Tai chanh
4.3. Nhom ham Toan hoc
4.4. Nhom ham Chuoi
4.5. Nhom ham Ngay, gi
4.6. Nhom ham Logic
4.7. Nhom ham Tm kiem
5. Ve o th tren bang tnh ....................................................................................... 38
5.1. Man hnh o th va cac thuat ng hien tren o th
5.2. Ve bieu o mot ng thang t bang so cho trc
5.3. Ve bieu o nhieu ng t bang co nhieu cot lien tiep hay cach ri
5.4. Chnh sa, nh dang lai bieu o
5.5. Ve them ng vao o th co san

6. Chnh trang in va in an......................................................................................... 57
6.1. Vai cau hoi trc khi in
6.2. Chnh trang in
6.3. nh dang bang thanh nh dang
6.4. nh dang o (format cell) tren bang tnh
6.5. nh dang mot khoi nhieu o
6.6. Cat trang doc, cat trang ngang, nh cho khoi d lieu lot vao 1 trang.
6.7. anh vao phan tren au va di chan (header, footer)
6.8. ieu chnh in an: (in la chon, in tng trang va in tat ca)
7. Phan tch o nhay va Phan tch hoi qui............................................................... 75
7.1. Phan tch o nhay mot chieu
7.2. Phan tch o nhay hai chieu
7.3. Phan tch hoi qui
8. Giai toan tren Excel ............................................................................................. 79
8.1. Bai toan phan tch tnh huong
8.2. Bai toan tm giao iem cua ng cung va ng cau
8.3. Bai toan qui hoach tuyen tnh
9. Mo phong Crystal Ball.......................................................................................... 87
9.1. Khai bao bien gia thiet, bien ket qua
9.2. Chay mo phong
9.3. Xem ket qua chay c
9.4. Lap bao cao va phan tch
9.5. Chay lai bai toan vi cac bien gia thiet va bien ket qua mi
9.6. a Crystal Ball hien th tren man hnh Excel

Chng trnh Giang day Kinh te Fulbright Bai m au: Thao tac vao Excel
Bai m au. THAO TAC VAO EXCEL

1. Khai niem Excel:

Excel la g? o la mot phan mem hay la mot chng trnh ng dung, ma khi
chay chng trnh ng dung nay se tao ra mot bang tnh; bang tnh nay giup ta de
dang hn trong viec thc hien:

Tnh toan ai so
Lap bang bieu bao cao
Ve o th
S dung cac loai ham so trong nhieu lnh vc ng dung
Va nhieu ng dung khac e giup chung ta co the phan tch nhieu loai
hnh bai toan khac nhau.

2. Thao tac vao Excel:

Lu y:
Thao tac nay ch ung cho he thong may tnh c noi mang. Neu may khong
noi mang hay may nha, sau khi khi ong se khong hien len ca so nh trong
bc 1, va chung ta bo qua cac bc 2, 3, 4, va 5, ma ch thc hien bc 6.

Thao tac:
B1: Khi ong may (bat may), may t ong chay vao Windows. Khi o, man
hnh tren may tnh se hien len mot ca so bat Anh/Ch go vao Ten vao
mang (User name) va mat ma (password).
B2: Go vao ten vao mang hop thoai
1
User name ma cac Anh/Ch nhan c.
B3: Go phm Tab
B4: Go vao password.
B5: Nhap chuot vao nut OK
Sau khi nhap chuot vao nut OK, Anh/Ch a hoan tat thao tac vao Windows.
e tiep tuc vao phan mem Excel, Anh/Ch thc hien tiep bc sau.
B6: Nhap chuot vao bieu tng co ch X mau xanh tren hang bieu tng tren
cung ben tay phai cua man hnh (thanh phm tac vao cac chng trnh ng
dung cua Microsoft), hoan tat thao tac vao trnh ng dung Excel.

1
Hop thoai: la mot khung trang cho ta anh ch vao, ten cua hop thoai thng nam ben tren hay ben trai
Canh Thac/ Thanh Thai 1 Thao tac tren Microssoft Excel 2000
Chng trnh Giang day Kinh te Fulbright Bai 1: Lam quen vi bang tnh
BAI 1. LAM QUEN VI BANG TNH

Ben di ay la man hnh cua phan mem Excel. Sau khi vao Excel chung ta se thay
mot man hnh nh man hnh ben di ay.

1.1 M Excel, ong Excel, phong to, thu nho ca so
1.1.1 M Excel:

Thao tac:
B1. T man hnh (ca so) chnh cua Window nhap chuot nut Start goc ben
di ben tay trai
B2. Di chuyen chuot len tren en ch Programs, roi di chuyen chuot sang
phai, sau o di chuyen chuot xuong di en ch Microsoft Excel th
dng lai
B3. Nhap chuot vao ch Microsoft Excel

1.1.2. Thu nho ca so Excel:

Thao tac:
B1: Nhap chuot chuot vao o vuong tren cung ben tay phai
Khi o ca so Excel se c thu gon lai thanh mot bieu tng tren thanh
Start

Canh Thac/ Thanh Thai Thao tac tren Microsoft Excel 2000
2
1.1.3 Phong to ca so:

Thao tac:
Lu y: thao tac nay ch thc hien c khi ca so ang b thu nho
B1: Nhap chuot vao bieu tng thu gon cua Excel tren thanh Start ben pha
di man hnh

1.1.4 Thoat khoi Excel:

Thao tac:
B1: Nhap chuot vao o vuong hang tren cung, goc ben tay phai

1.2 Thanh Menu:

Khai niem:
Thanh menu hay con goi la thanh thc n. Hay hnh dung khi chung
ta m Excel cung giong nh chung ta nhap vao mot ban tiet. Trong ban tiet
co nhieu mon la th trong Excel cung co nhieu thao tac, nhieu tro hap dan.
e thng thc cac tro hap dan nay chung ta phai co thanh thc n e xem
va sau o goi ra thng thc.

Nhan dang:
Tren man hnh Excel hang th hai nen trang, ch en chnh la thanh
thc n, la thanh cong cu th nhat t tren xuong. Xem hnh 1 minh hoa ben
di.

Hnh 1: Thanh thc n
Trong suot khoa hoc, chung ta se t t goi tng mon co trong thanh thc n
ra e thng thc. Hy vong en cuoi khoa hoc cac Anh/Ch se thng thc
hau het cac mon co trong thc n. Hay tin rang khi cac Anh/Ch thng thc
c het tat ca cac mon co trong thanh thc n la luc Excel cua Anh/Ch co
the day lai cho tac gia cuon sach nay.
1.3. Cac thanh cong cu

1.3.1 Thanh cac cong cu thong dung (standard bar)
Khai niem:
Thanh cac cong cu thong dung la mot hang cha cac bieu tng, nh
bieu tng tao tap tin mi, bieu tng m tap tin, lu tap tin, in an, xem trc
3
khi in va nhieu bieu tng khac.
Nhan dang:
Tren man hnh Excel thanh cac cong cu thong dung nay la hang cong
cu th ba t tren xuong. Xem hnh ve 2 minh hoa.

Hnh 2: Thanh cac cong cu thong dung (Stardard bar)
Lu y:
Khi ta a chuot ch vao cac bieu tng, th tren bieu tng se hien
len ch, bao cho chung ta biet cong cu ma ta ang muon s dung la g. Khi
muon s dung cong cu o th nhap chuot vao mot cai.

1.3.1 Thanh nh dang (Formatting bar)

Khai niem:
Thanh nh dang la mot hang cha cac bieu tng, nh bieu tng e
chnh loai font, bieu tng chnh kch thc font, in ch am, in ch nghien
va nhieu bieu tng khac.

Nhan dang:
Tren man hnh Excel thanh nh dang la hang cong cu th hai t tren
xuong. Xem hnh ve 3 minh hoa.

Hnh 3: Thanh nh dang (Formatting bar)
Lu y:
Khi ta a chuot ch vao cac bieu tng, th tren bieu tng se hien
len ch, bao cho chung ta biet nh dang ma ta ang muon s dung la g. Khi
muon s dung nh dang o th nhap chuot vao mot cai.

1.3.1 Thanh cuon doc, thanh cuon ngang

Khai niem:
Thanh cuon doc hay thanh cuon ngang c goi chung la thanh cuon
(scroll bar). Bi v man hnh Excel ch co the hien th (cho xem) mot phan
cua van ban ang soan thao, nen ta phai dung thanh cuon doc e xem phan
ben tren hay ben di van ban con ta dung thanh cuon ngang e xem phan
ben trai hay ben phai cua van ban.
4

Nhan dang:
Thanh cuon doc la thanh dai nhat, nam doc ben le phai; hai au co
hai mui ten len va mui ten xuong; gia co o vuong e cuon man hnh len
xuong.
Thanh cuon ngang la thanh nam ngang, th hai t di man hnh em
len. Co hnh dang giong thanh cuon doc, ch khac la nam ngang. Xem hnh 4
minh hoa.

Hnh 4: Thanh cuon ngang
Thao tac:
Nhap vao ben trai cua o vuong hay mui ten sang trai e cuon man
hnh i sang trai.
Nhap va ben phai cua o vuong hay mui ten sang phai e cuon man
hnh sang phai.
ac biet nhap va gi chuot vao o vuong roi keo sang trai hay phai
th co the va cuon man hnh sang trai va cuon man hnh sang phai.
5
1.4 Them bt, m rong hang, cot, xac nh o trong bang tnh

1.4.1 Chnh o rong hang cot:

Khai niem:
Excel la mot bang tnh vi cac cot c anh so bang ch A,B,C,D
.v.v..va cac hang c anh so 1,2,3,4,.v.v..Nh vay vi mot v tr cot cho
trc va mot v tr hang cho trc ta co thexac nh chnh xac mot o tren
bang tnh Excel.

Thao tac:
e m rong hang hay cot, ta thc hien:
B1: a chuot en v tr vach en la vach ngan gia hai cot hay hang.
B2: Nhap va gi chuot (khong tha chuot ra).
B3: Dch chuyen chuot sang phai e m rong hoat sang trai e e thu nho
cot lai.
B4: Tha chuot ra.

1.4.2 Them bt so hang hay so cot

Thao tac:
Vd1: Them mot cot D trc cot D:
B1: a chuot len o co ch D (nam tren thanh chnh o rong cot).
B2: Nhap chuot phai
1
vao cot D (nh nhap chuot trung ngay o co ch D), khi
o mot bang se hien ra.
B3: Nhap chuot vao ch Insert
2
.

Vd2: Trong trng hp muon them nhieu cot trc cot D th:
B1: a chuot vao o co ch D.
B2: Nhap va gi chuot, roi keo sang ngang.
B3: Nhap chuot phai.
B4: Nhap vao ch Insert.

Lu y: trong trng hp ta muon xoa mot cot th thao tac hoan toan tng t
cho cac bc 1 va bc 2, tuy nhien trong bc 3 th thay v nhap
chuot vao ch Insert th ta nhap chuot vao ch Delete.

1
Chuot co hai phan: ben trai va ben phai. Khi ta nhan phan ben phai la click chuot phai.
2
Insert: tieng Viet ngha la chen vao, them vao.
6
Chng trnh Giang day Kinh te Fulbright Bai2: Thao tac cho bang tnh mi
BAI 2. THAO TAC CHO BANG TNH MI

2.1 Nhap d lieu
Nhap d lieu:
Mot o trong Excel co the la d lieu tho c go vao hay mot cong thc lien
ket tnh toan hay la mot ham. Sau ay chung ta se lam quen vi cach nhap
d lieu tho va cach nhap cong thc vao mot o.
Nhap d lieu tho:

Thao tac:
B1. Nhap chuot vao o ma Anh/ Ch muon nhap d lieu vao.
B2. anh vao d lieu; co the la so hoac ch.
B3. Go vao phm Enter e ket thuc viec nhap d lieu.

Nhap cong thc:
V du: Anh / Ch muon o B2 se co cong thc bang o A2, khi o

Thao tac:
B1. Nhap chuot vao o ma Anh/ Ch muon nhap cong thc (o B2)
B2. anh vao dau bang "=".
B3. Nhap chuot vao o ang muon lien ket cong thc tnh toan (o A2)
B4. Go vao phm Enter e ket thuc viec nhap cong thc.

Khi chu ng ta a nh va o, th
no xua t hie n tre n thanh

va xua t hie n
ngay o ma chu ng

Sao chep d lieu cho mot day cac o lien nhau:
Thao tac:
Canh Thac/ Thanh Thai 7 Thao tac tren Microsoft Excel 97/2000
B1. Nhap chuot vao o muon sao chep d lieu.
B2. a chuot en goc di ben tay phai o ang can sao chep d lieu cho
cac o khac. Khi o, mot dau tha p mau en am (fill handle) se hien
len.
B3. Nhap va gi chuot.
B4. Keo chuot xuong pha di neu muon sao chep d lieu xuong di
hay sang phai neu muon sao chep d lieu sang phai.
B5. Tha chuot ra e ket thuc viec sao chep d lieu cho cac o lien nhau.

Nhap vao mot chuoi so lien tiep:

Thao tac:
B1. anh so 1 vao o au tien.
B2. Go phm Enter.
B3. Nhap phm trai chuot vao o va nhap con so 1.
B4. a chuot en goc di ben tay phai o ang can sao chep d lieu
Khi o, mot dau thap mau en am se hien len.
B5. Nhap va gi phm phai chuot.
B6. Keo chuot xuong pha di neu muon nhap chuoi so xuong di hay
sang phai neu muon nhap chuoi so sang phai.
B7. Tha chuot ra, khi o mot bang se hien len.
B8. Nhap chuot vao Fill Series, khi o mot chuoi so lien nhau se hien
ra.

2.2 Sa d lieu

Chung ta co the sa oi gia tr nam ben trong cua o hay cong thc bang
cach sa oi o o tren thanh cong thc hoac ngay tai v tr o o.

Cho n mo t o e
nhn tha y co ng
th c cu a no trong
Gia tr na y c
ta o ra nh co ng
th c be n trong
Nha p ke p chuo t
va o mo t o e
tha y co ng th c
cu a no xua t hie n
Chung ta cung co the nhan phm F2 e sa oi d lieu. e sa oi noi
dung ben trong cua mot o, chung ta nhan phm F2, dung cac phm di
chuyen qua trai, qua phai e di chuyen thanh nhap nhay en cho can sa
oi va dung phm Delete e xoa ky t pha sau hay BackSpace e pha
ky t pha trc thanh nhay.

2.3 S dung thanh cong cu chuan (Standard bar)

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New workbook : Dung e m mot tap tin mi.

Tap tin la g? La mot loai van ban, trong may tnh co rat nhieu loai van
ban, moi mot loai van ban c tao ra t mot phan mem khac nhau.
Trong Microsoft Excel: mot tap tin la van ban dang bang tnh, co the
anh ch, anh so, tnh toan, ve o th va nhieu ng dung khac.

Thao tac: Dung mouse nhap phm trai chuot vao nut new workbook th
excel se tao ra mot tap tin mi.

Open : Nut nay co chc nang la m mot tap tin a co san tren a

Thao tac:
Gia s neu ta muon m mot tap tin mang ten la Sales.xls trong o a C,
theo ng dan C:\My Documents\ps8.xls ta lam nh sau:
B1: Nhap phm trai cua chuot vao nut Open, th mot hop hoi thoai xuat
hien nh sau:

Danh sa ch ca c loa i ta p
Te n ta p
Click va o a y e
tm n i ch a ta p

B2: Chon o a C bang cach nhap phm trai chuot vao nut cua hop
danh sach Look in, chung ta thay danh sach cac o a. Hay chon o
a C.
B3: Nhap kep chuot vao , e tr ve th muc goc.
B4: Nhap kep chuot vao My Documents e vao th muc nay.
Ta thay xuat hien tap tin ps8.xls.
(co the chung ta phai dung thanh cuon e tm tap tin nay)
B5: Nhap kep chuot vao ps8.xls th tap tin nay c m ra.

Save : Lu tap tin.

Thao tac:
Gia s ta tao xong mot bang tnh va ta muon lu bang tnh nay thanh mot
tap tin co ten la ps8.xls theo ng dan C:\My Documents\ ta lam nh
sau:
B1: Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut Save th mot hop hoi thoai Save As
xuat hien nh hnh di ay.

B2: Nhap chuot vao cua hop Look in e chon o a C
B2: Nhap kep chuot vao e tr ve th muc goc.
B3: Nhap kep chuot vao My Documents e vao th muc nay.
B4: anh vao ch ps8 trong hop File Name, roi nhap phm trai chuot
vao nut Save.

L u y : Chu ng ta kho ng ca n a nh ps8.xls ma ch a nh ps8 va o
ho p File Name tho i v Excel ma c nh la t o ng the m pha n m
ro ng .XLS du m cho chu ng ta.
Print : e in tat ca noi dung ben trong cua Sheet (bang tnh)
hien hanh.

v du Sheet5 cua chung ta co 10 trang va chung ta ang nhn thay noi
dung ben trong cua Sheet5 (ngha la Sheet5 ang la Sheet hien hanh)
th khi nhap phm trai chuot va nut Print th chng trnh Excel se
chuyen len may in la 10 trang in.
Xin xem the m pha n in ba n tnh ba i 6.

Print Preview : e nhn thay trang in cua chung ta trc khi in.

Neu trang in ma ta nhn thay tren man hnh Print Preview khong ung
nh mong muon cua chung ta th chung ta kp thi chnh sa. Thao tac
nay rat quan trong, cho nen chung ta phai Print Preview trc khi in v
no giup cho ta tranh khoi s lang ph giay in, mc in , thi gian (bao
gom thi gian cua chung ta va cua nhng ngi in tren cung may in
cua chung ta).

Xin xem chi tie t h n pha n chua n b tr c khi in.

Spelling : Kiem tra chnh ta (Theo t ien tieng Anh).
Cho phep chung ta kiem tra loi chnh ta khi anh tieng Anh cua ca mot
Sheet hien hanh hay ch mot mot phan nao o cua Sheet hien hanh.
Thao tac:
V du, chung ta muon kiem tra va sa loi chnh ta cua day o B1:C12 nh
hnh di ay.


B1: Chon vung B1:C12
B2: Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut Spelling, th khung hoi thoai spelling
xuat hien.

B3: Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut Change e Spelling thay t Yearr
o B3 thanh ch Year cho chung ta va tiep theo nhap chuot vao nut
change e thay t Revanus thanh t Revanues. Xong mot hop
hoi thoai xuat hien thong bao cho chung ta rang spelling a kiem tra
hoan tat loi chnh ta.
B4: Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut OK e ong hop hoi thoai lai va tiep
tuc cong viec tiep theo cua chung ta.

Cut : Cat i (luon s dung kem vi dan)
Nut nay dung e cat i mot phan noi dung ben trong cua mot o hay ca
mot o hay day cac o (cac o o phai lien nhau va tao thanh hnh ch
nhat) e dan ti mot ni khac tren bang tnh, ieu nay khac vi chc
nang xoa lam mat han mot noi dung ma Anh/ Ch a muon xoa.

Thao tac:
Gia s, chung ta cat day o B3:C6 va dan no F3:G3


B1: Chon khoi B3:C6
B2: Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut Cut th mot khung vien bang net gach
t chay quanh khoi nay cho chung ta biet la khoi nay ang san san
ch chung ta dan khoi nay en v tr khac.
B3: Nhap phm trai chuot vao o F3, Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut Paste
e dan chung F3:G6
Ghi chu : Sau khi da n kho i o e n v tr F3 th kho i o B3:C6 la nh ng
o tro ng.

Copy : Sao chep d lieu.

D lieu co the la mot phan noi dung ben trong mot o, noi dung ca o,
hay nhieu khoi o (cac khoi o nay co the nam gan nhau hay xa nhau),
mot o th hay mot oi tng c tao ra t thanh cong cu ve-Drawing
Tools.

Thao tac:

Gia s can sao chep khoi o B3:C6 ti khoi o F3:G6
B1: Chon khoi B3:C6 (ni sao chep)
B2: Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut Copy (thi hanh lenh sao chep)
B4: Nhap phm trai chuot vao F3 (ni en)
B5: Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut Past. Nh vay, chung ta a sao chep
xong va nhn thay nh hnh tren.
Chu y : Chu ng ta co the sao che p e n nhie u v tr kha c nhau tre n
cu ng mo t ta p tin hay tre n mo t ta p tin na o kha c.

Past : Dan phan d lieu ma ta va mi ra lech sao chep.

Thao tac: Xin xem phan thao tac cua nut Copy.
Chu y : Khi ca n da n d lie u la kho i o co co ng th c th xem
the m pha n tm hie u ve le nh da n co ng th c va ph ng pha p
da n a c bie t.

Format Painter : Sao chep nh dang.

Sao chep nhanh nh dang cua mot o hay mot khoi o hay mot oi
tng c tao ra t thanh cong cu Drawing va ap dung dang thc cua
no cho o hay cac khoi o khac hay oi tng ve khac.

Thao tac:
Gia s chung ta can sao chep nh dang cua o "Qtr1" co nen xam va ap
dung cho cac o cot ben trai, xem hnh di ay.

B1: Chon o hay khoi o co cha nh dang ma chung ta muon sao chep.
B2: Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut Format Painter
B3: Con tro chuot luc nay co them hnh cay co sn ben canh. Hay chon
day o ma ta muon dan.

nh dang cua
khoi o a c
dan.

Chu y : Ne u ta muo n a p du ng nh da ng nhie u la n cho mo t la n sao
che p nh da ng th sau khi cho n kho i o ma ta ca n sao che p nh
da ng, ta ha y Nhap kep phm trai chuot va o nu t Format Painter, ro i
la n l t cho n nh ng kho i o ta ca n a p du ng nh da ng e n khi
na o xong, ha y nha p phm tra i chuo t va o nu t Format Painter.
Undo : Tra lai thao tac hay lenh va mi thc hien.

V du, chung ta va mi thc hien lenh xoa mot khoi o xong, bay gi
chung ta lai muon la lay lai d lieu cua khoi o o th hay nhap phm
trai chuot vao nut Undo.

Redo : Thc hien lai cac thao tac cua lenh Undo

V du, chieu rong cua cot A la 10 n v ta thay oi chieu rong cot A
con 5 n v, sau o thc hien lenh Undo, luc nay cot A co chieu rong
la 10 n v. Neu chung ta muon bo lenh Undo trc th nhap phm trai
chuot vao nut Redo. Luc nay, cot A co chieu rong la 5 n v.

AutoSum : T ong tnh tong.

Lenh nay se t ong tnh tong cua cac o co so lieu lien tiep pha tren
o hien hanh (o ma ang c chon) hoac la tong cua cac o ben trai
cua o hien hanh (ngay hang cua o hien hanh).

Thao tac:
Gia s chung ta can tnh tong cua cac o E5:E8 va ket qua at o E9 nh
hnh minh hoa di ay.
B1: Nhap chuot vao E9 (o hien hanh)
B2: Nhap chuot vao nut AutoSum, th thay trong o E9 co cong thc
=SUM(C9:D9), ngha la Excel t ong chon day e tnh tong la
C9:D9, nhng chung ta can tnh tong cot tha ng 3, v vay ta dung
mouse e chon lai khoi t E5:E8, roi nhan phm Enter e nhan c
ket qua.

Ghi chu : Th c te , trong tr ng h p tre n th Excel t o ng cho n
kho i e tnh to ng la E5:E8, v theo ma c nh Excel se cho n kho i
so lie u lie n tie p theo ha ng cu a o hie n ha nh hay co t cu a o
hie n ha nh co so o l n nha t. tre n ch la v du ng minh ho a
e cho tha y co tr ng h p le nh AutoSum oa n sai y nh tnh
tnh to ng cu a kho i o ma chu ng ta mong nuo n th chu ng ta co
the cho n la i.
Past Function : at mot ham tnh toan vao o hien hanh.

Ghi chu : Xin xem chi tie t h n trong pha n S du ng ha m trong ba ng
tnh

Sort Ascending : Sap xep d lieu bo tr dang bang theo thc t
tang dan (Theo Alphabet, theo so, theo thi gian).

Sort Descending : Cung nh Sort Ascending, nhng sap xep d
lieu theo th t giam dan.

Chart Wizard : Hng dan tng bc cho chung ta ve o th. Xin
xem chi tiet hn phan Ve o th tren bang tnh.

Drawing : Goi thanh cong cu ve cho hien len.

Zoom Control : Phong to thu nho.
Dung e ieu khien che o phong to thu nho cua cua sheet hien hanh.
Chung ta thng dung cong cu nay e phong to man hnh bang tnh xem
d lieu cho ro hn va thu nho man hnh bang tnh vi muc ch la de quan
sat mot vung ln d lieu nham thuan tien cho viec chon khoi. Zoom
Control gom co 2 phan, phan khung ben tra i la so phan tram quan sat man
hnh con nut ben phai la nut e m danh sach chon la cac so phan tram
quan sat man hnh.

Office Assistant : Dung e tra li cau hoi, ch dan theo yeu cau,
va tr giup ve nhng at iem cua chng trnh Office theo yeu cau.

2.5 S dung thanh cong cu nh dang (Formatting Bar)

Thanh cong cu nh hnh tren la thanh cong cu nh dang, no bao gom cac
nut nhan (buttons), moi nut nhan se mang mot chc nang thc thi rieng.
V du, chung ta can chon kieu ch (Font) cho mot oan van ban nao o th
nhap phm trai chuot vao nut Font e chon la kieu ch ma chung ta
muon. Sau ay se mo ta chi tiet hn ve chc nang cua thanh cong cu nay.

Ghi chu : e bie t c te n cu a mo t nu t na o o tre n thanh co ng
cu , chu ng ta a con tro chuo t e n nu t o th be n ca nh con tro
chuo t xua t hie n mo t khung ch a te n cu a nu t o .

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Chu y : Khi muon nh dang phan nao trong bang tnh th phai chon phan
o trc roi sau o mi dung thanh cong cu Formatting.

Font : e nh dang kieu ch cho mot oan van
ban.

Thao tac:
V du ta can nh dang mot day cac o C2:F2 la kieu ch Vni-Times
va cac ch trong o la nghieng, am en, Gach di va canh gia (noi
dung ben trong cua o nan v tr gia o). anh vao va nh dang sao
cho ch REPORT nam gia C1:F1 va ch nay co c ch la 12.

B1: Chon khoi C2:F2
B2: Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut m danh sac cac Font ch , roi chon
kieu Vni-Times.
B3: Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut Bold (nh dang ch am)
B4: Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut Italic (nh dang ch nghieng)
B5: Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut Underline (nh dang ch co gach di)
B6: Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut Center (canh gia)
B7: Nhap phm trai chuot vao C2
B8: Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut m danh sach kch c cua ch (Size)
, va chon 12.
B9: anh vao o C2 ch REPORT roi Enter.
(ch phai c at cot au tien C2 cua khoi C2:F2)
B10: Chon khoi o C2:F1 va nhap chuot vao nut Center Across Columns.
Ket qua chung ta co c nh dang cuoi cung nh hnh sau.

Ghi chu : Ta co the nh da ng mo t pha n no i dung be n trong cu a mo t
o (cell). Nh va y, trong mo t o co the co nhie u kie u nh da ng
kha c nhau cu a ca c pha n no i dung be n trong.
T v du tren, ro rang la chung ta a nam bat c chc nang cua
khung Font Size, cac nut Bold, Italic, Underline, Align Left, Align
Right, Center va nut Center Across Columns.

Tiep theo chung ta th xet mot v du sau e hieu c cac chc nang
con lai cua thanh cong cu Formatting. Gia s, chung ta can nh dang
lai mot bang ben di ay.

Thao tac:
B1: Chon vung C5:D8, nhap chuot vao nut Comma Style.

(e nh dang phan cach theo so ngan).
Chu ng ta tha y ca c so trong ca c o v a m i nh da ng co d 2 so
le .

B2: Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut Dollar Sign e cho cac so trong cac o
nay co them dau $, Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut Decrease decimal 2
lan e bo 2 so le. Xin xem hnh minh hoa di ay.

B3: Chon vung E5:E8, Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut Percent Style e
cho cac so trong cac o nay co them dau %. Nhap phm trai chuot vao
vao nut Increase Decimal 1 lan e tang them 1 so le cua cac so trong
vung nay. Xin xem hnh minh hoa di ay.


B4: Chon vung C5:E8, Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut m hop Borders
cha cac nh dang cua khung, Nhap phm trai chuot chon e ong
khung net am bao quanh vung C5:E8.

B5: Chon vung B4:C8 va C4:E4 (bang cach chon trc vung B5:C8 roi
nhan gi phm Ctrl roi quet chon tiep vung C4:E4, sau o tha phm
Ctrl ra)

Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut m hop Borders roi Nhap phm trai chuot
chon e ong khung net manh xung quanh moi o cua 2 vung a chon
tren.

B6: Nhap phm trai chuot chon o B4, Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut m
hop Color va chon mau xam am e to nen o B4.

B7: Nhap phm trai chuot vao nut m hop Font Color va chon mau trang
e ch trong o B4 thanh mau trang.

Cuoi cung ta co ket qua nh hnh di ay.

Nha p
chuo t va o
nu t na y
e m

Chng trnh Giang day Kinh te Fulbright Bai 3: Thc hien cac phep tnh va
Thao tac ong khoi di di
BAI 3. THC HIEN CAC PHEP TNH VA
THAO TAC ONG KHOI DI DI

3.1 Cac phep tnh can ban:

Trong phan nay chung ta se lam quen vi cac thao tac tnh toan trong bang tnh
bao gom cac phep toan cong, tr, nhan, chia va luy tha. Cac toan t nay c
ky hieu theo bang 3.1:

Toan t K hieu Th du
Cong + 16+2 = 18
Tr - 16 2 = 14
Nhan * 16*2 = 32
Chia / 16/2 = 8
Luy tha ^ 16^2 = 256
Can bac n ^(1/n) 16^(1/2) = 4

BANG 3.1

Bai tap tai cho1:

Cho hai toan hang 1 va toan hang 2 nh hnh ve; hay thc hien cac phep
tnh toan cho cac o con lai cua BANG 3.2:

A B C D E F G H I
1
2
Toan hang 1 Toan hang 2 Tong Hieu Tch Thng Luy tha Can
3
16 2
4

BANG 3.2

Thao tac Cho phep tnh cong:

B1: Nhap chuot vao o D3
B2: anh vao dau =
Canh Thac/ Thanh Thai 22 Thao tac tren Microsoft Excel 2000
B3: Nhap chuot vao o B3
B4: anh vao dau +
B5: Nhap chuot vao o C3
B6: Go phm Enter e hoan tat viec tnh toan.

Tng t cac Anh/Ch thc hien cho cac phep tnh con lai, lu y trong bc 4
(anh vao dau +) bai giai mau toan t se c thay oi tuy theo tng bai tnh.

Bai tap tai cho 2:

Cho hai toan hang 1 va toan hang 2 nh hnh ve; hay thc hien cac phep tnh toan cho
cac o con lai cua BANG 3.3 va t mnh ngh ra them mot vai phep tnh.

A B C D E F G H
1
2
Toan hang 1 Toan hang 2 16
2
+2 (16+2)
2
(16-2)*2 (16+2)*16 -2 ..
3
16 2
4

BANG 3.3

Thao tac Cho phep tnh 16
2
+ 2 = B3
2
+ C3:

B1: Nhap chuot vao o D3
B2: anh vao dau =
B3: Nhap chuot vao o B3
B4: anh vao dau ^
B5: anh vao so 2
B6: anh vao dau +
B8: Go phm Enter e hoan tat viec tnh toan.

Cac Anh/Ch t giai bai tap 2 con lai nay.
3.2 Sao chep cong thc:

Bai tap tai cho 3:

Gia s Anh/Ch kinh doanh 4 mat hang:
- Ao s mi
- Quan tay
- Non
- Giay
Hay tnh doanh thu cho 4 mat hang tren da vao BANG 3.4

A B C D E F G H
1
2
Mat hang n gia
(USD/cai)
So lng
(Cai)
Doanh thu
(USD)

3
Ao Polo 40 15 =C3 * D3
4
Quan Docker 50 13
5
Non Levis 15 15
6
Giay Rebox 60 9
7
Tong cong
8

9

BANG 3.4
Thao tac:

B1: Thc hien phep tnh nhan cho hai o C3 va D3 va cho ap so o E3 nh
Bang 3.4
B2: Anh/Ch thc hien copy cong thc cho cac o E4, E5 va E6 bang cach a
chuot en goc pha di ben tay phai cua o E3, khi o dau thap en hien len.
B3: Click va gi chuot (khong tha chuot ra)
B4: Keo chuot xuong pha di en o E6 th ngng lai.
B5: Tha chuot ra; luc nay cac o doanh thu cho cac mat hang a co.
B6: Tnh tong doanh thu bang cach nhap chuot vao o E7.
B7: Click vao bieu tng AutoSum nam tren thanh cac cong cu thong dung
(Standard Bar).
B8: Go phm Enter e hien ra ap so.

Lu y: Hay t kiem tra cac cong thc cua cac o E4, E5, E6 va E7.


3.3 ong khung mot khoi d lieu

Thao tac:

B1: anh khoi toan bo khoi d lieu can ong khung bang cach:
- Click va gi chuot, sau o keo sang ngang roi keo xuong di toan bo
khoi d lieu can ong khung.
- Tha chuot ra.
B2: Click vao mui ten xuong cua bieu tng Borders tren thanh nh dang e
hien len mot bang cho ta la chon cac kieu ong khung.
B3: Nhap chuot vao kieu ong khung ma Anh/Ch muon e hoan tat viec ong
khung cho khoi d lieu chung ta va chon.

3.4 Dch chuyen khoi d lieu

Thao tac:

B1: anh khoi toan bo khoi d lieu ma Anh/Ch muon dch chuyen.
B2: a chuot en vien cua khoi d lieu cho en khi dau thap trang bien thanh
mui ten trang.
B3: Click vao gi chuot, keo en v tr mi ma Anh/Ch muon at khoi d lieu.
B4: Tha chuot ra.

3.5 Chen mot khoi d lieu vao gi hai khoi d lieu cho trc

Bai tap tai cho 4:

Cho mot bang nh BANG 3.5; hay dch chuyen cot d lieu "Gia cau 2" sang v tr
gia "Gia cau 1" va "Gia cung".

A B C D E F
1
Lng Gia cau 1 Gia cung Gia cau 2
2
2 23 3 18
3
4 21 6 16
4
6 19 9 14
5
8 17 12 12
6
10 15 15 10
7
12 13 18 8
8

BANG 3.5

Thao tac:

B1: anh dau khoi cot d lieu "Gia cau 2"
B2: Dch chuyen khoi d lieu "Gia cau 2" en v tr gia "Gia cau 1" va "Gia
cung" bang cach:
- a chuot en vien cua khoi d lieu, cho hien len mui ten trang
- Click va gi chuot, sau o keo sang v tr gia cot C va D, trung ngay
ng phan cach hai cot cang tot.
B3: Bam phm Shift
B4: Tha chuot ra.

Chng trnh Giang day Kinh te Fulbright Bai 4: S dung ham trong bang tnh
BAI 4. S DUNG HAM TRONG BANG TNH

4.1 Nhom ham thong ke:

Trong so hn 70 ham thong ke, xin thu that rang chung toi khong phai la ngi
lam thong ke chuyen nghiep nen ch biet s dung vai ham n gian. Hy vong
rang vi cac ham n gian nay Anh/Ch se lam quen dan vi cach s dung ham
trong bang tnh Excel.
Trong suot qua trnh khoa hoc, chung toi se thao luan them vi cac Thay e bo
xung mot cach tng oi ay u cac ham thong ke cho cac Anh/Ch.
Bang ben di ay la mot so ham thong dung:

TT TEN Y NGHA CU PHAP TH DU KET QUA
1
AVERAGE() Tr trung bnh
=AVERAGE(number1,number2,)
=AVERAGE(5,3,4,8,5,6)

5.167
2
CORREL() He so tng quan gia hai chuoi so lieu
=CORREL(array1,array2)
=CORREL({1,3,5,7,9},{2,4,6,8,10})

1
3
COUNT() em so lng cac o co gia tr
=COUNT(value1,value2)
=COUNT(B2:B35)

16 (con tuy)
4
COVAR() ong phng sai, trung bnh cua tch cac cap sai
lech.
=COVAR(array1,array2)
=COVAR({2,3,1,4,1,3},{5,1,2,4,3,1})

-3.70074E-17
5
FREQUENCY() em so lan gap cua mot mang con trong mang
ln
=FREQUENCY(data_array,bins_array)
=FREQUENCY({4,5,6,7,8,9},{5})

2
6
INTERCEPT() Tung o goc cua mot ng hoi qui tuyen tnh
=INTERCEPT(Known_ys,known_xs)
=INTERCEPT(({2,3,1,4,1,3},{5,1,2,4,3,1})

2.5
7
MAX() Gia tr ln nhat cua mot mang d lieu
=MAX(number1,number2,..)
=MAX(1,3,9,6,8,3)

9
8
MEDIAN() Gia tr tai o chuoi so lieu c chia oi sau khi
sap xep (sorted).
=MEDIAN(number1,number2,..)
=MEDIAN(1,3,9,6,8)
=MEDIAN(1,3,9,6,8,3)

6
4.5
9
MIN() Gia tr nho nhat cua mot mang d lieu
=MIN(number1,number2,..)
=MIN(1,3,9,6,8)

1
10
MODE() So yeu v; la so co so lan lap lai nhieu nhat
=MODE(number1,number2,..)
=MODE(1,3,9,6,8,3)

3

11
NORMDIST() Phan phoi tch luy chuan
27
=NORMDIST(x,mean,standard_dev,cumulative)
=NORMDIST(42,40,1.5,TRUE)

0.908788
12
NORMSDIST() Phan phoi tch luy chuan chuan hoa
=NORMSDIST(z)
=NORMSDIST(1)
=NORMSDIST(2)
=NORMSDIST(3)

0.841345
0.97725
0.99865
13
NORMINV() Tra ve gia tr x trong phan phoi chuan tch luy
= NORMINV(probability,mean,standard_dev)
=NORMINV(0.99865,1,1)

4.000023
14
RANK() Th hang (t ln en nho) cua mot gia tr
=RANK(number,ref,order)
=RANK(B6,B3:B9,0)
=RANK(B6,B3:B9,1)

3
4
15
SLOPE() He so goc cua mot ng hoi qui tuyen tnh
=SLOPE(known_ys,known_xs)
=SLOPE({3,5,4,6,7},{1,3,5,6,5})

.05625
16
STDEV() c tnh o lech chuan cua mot mau
=STDEV(number1,number2,..)
=STDEV(4,3,12,6,8,9,11)

3.408672
17
STDEVP() c tnh o lech chuan cua mot tong the
=STDEVP(number1,number2,..)
=STDEVP(4,3,12,6,8,9,11)

3.155817
18
VAR() c tnh phng sai cua mot mau
=VAR(number1,number2,..)
=VAR(4,3,12,6,8,9,11)

11.61905
19
VARP() c tnh phng sai cua mot tong the
=VARP(number1,number2,..)
=VARP(4,3,12,6,8,9,11)

9.959184

Bai tap tai cho 1:

Cho mot cot so lieu nh BANG 4.1 t B3:B9

A B C D E F G H I
1

2
So lieu Hay Tnh Average
3
3 Max
4
5 Min
5
9 Mode
6
5 Median
7
4 Stdev
8
6 Var
9
2 Varp
10

Thao tac tnh gia tr trung bnh:
BANG 4.1 : S dung ham thong ke
28

B1: Chon o hien th ap so; v du o F2, nh vay thao tac la nhap chuot vao o F2.
B2: a chuot len thanh cac bieu tng thong dung (Standard bar) va nhap chuot
vao bieu tng Paste Function
f
x

Luc nay tren man hnh hien len mot ca so nh HNH 4.1, co hai khung
trang: ben trai cho phep Anh/Ch chon loai ham, ben phai cho chon ten ham

HNH 4.1: Ca so cho chon ham

B3: hop thoaiben trai, nhap chuot vao Statistical e chon loai ham thong ke.
B4: hop thoai ben tay phai, nhap chuot vao ch AVERAGE e chon ham tnh
gia tr trung bnh.
B5: Nhap chuot vao nut OK, Sau khi nhap chuot vao ch OK, mot ca so khac hien
len, bat Anh/Ch nhap vao chuoi e tnh gia tr trung bnh.
B6: anh dau khoi t o B3 en o B9 trong khung trang Number1
B7: Nhap chuot vao nut OK, hoan tat viec tnh gia tr trung bnh mot chuoi so.

Tng t , Anh/Ch hay tnh toan cho cac ham con lai.

Lu y: Trong trng hp ham co nhieu thong so th cac thong so c nhap vao
ham phai ung theo th t . Neu ca so hien len che mat chuoi dong ngan lu,
chung ta co the dch chuyen ca so i bang thao tac: nhap va gi chuot vao mot
v tr bat ky tren ca so, roi dch chuyen chuot sang mot v tr khac.
29
4.2 Cac ham tai chanh:

Trong so 15 ham tai chanh, xin thu that rang toi khong phai la nha phan tch tai
chanh chuyen nghiep nen toi ch biet s dung vai ham n gian. Hy vong rang
vi cac ham n gian nay Anh/Ch se lam quen dan vi cach s dung ham tai
chanh trong bang tnh Excel.
Trong suot qua trnh khoa hoc, toi se thao luan them vi cac Thay e bo xung
mot cach tng oi ay u cac ham tai chanh cho cac Anh/Ch.
Bang ben di ay la mot so ham tai chanh thong dung:

TT TEN Y NGHA CU PHAP TH DU KET QUA
1
DDB() Khau hao vi ket so giam nhanh kep
=DDB(cost,salvage,life,period,factor)
=DDB(1000000,100000,6,1)

333,333
2
FV() Gia tr tng lai cua tien au t
=FV(rate,nper,pmt,pv,type)
=FV(10%,1,,-100)
=FV(10%,1,,-100,1)
=FV(10%,1,-10,-100)
=FV(10%,1,-10,-100,1)

110
110
120
121
3
IRR() Noi suat thu hoi von cua mot dong ngan lu
=IRR(value,guess)
=IRR({-1500,400,500,700})

3.0078%
4
NPV() Gia tr hien tai thuan cua mot dong ngan lu.
Ham nay dung e a dong ngan lu bat au t
nam 1 tr i ve nam 0. (xem them thao tac)
=NPV(rate,value1,value2,)
=NPV(10%,{400,500,700})

1302.78
5
PMT() Chi tra nh ky mot khoan khong oi
=PMT(rate,nper,pv,fv,type)
=PMT(10%,3,-1500,0)
=PMT(10%,3,-1500,0,1)
=PMT(10%,1,-1500,0,1)

603.17
548.35
1500
6
PV() Gia tr hien tai cua tien au t
=PV(rate, nper,pmt,fv,type)
=PV(10%,3,20,100)

-124.87
7
RATE() Lai suat (cho mot d an i vay)
=RATE(nper,pmt,pv,fv,type)
=RATE(1,0,100,-110)

10%
8
SLN() Khau hao tai san theo ng thang
=SLN(cost,salvage,life)
=SLN(10000,2000,10)

800
9
SYD() Khau hao tai san theo ch so tong nam
=SYD(cost,salvage,life,per)
=SYD(10000,1000,5,1)

3000

Lu y: Tien bo ra la so am (-), tien nhan vao la so dng (+).
30
Y ngha cua cac thong so trong cac ham:

DDB()
Cost : Gia tr ban au
Salvage : Gia tr con lai
Life : Tuoi tho cua thiet b
Period : So thi oan tnh khau hao
Factor : He so tnh khau hao (kep), neu bo trong la = 2

FV()
Rate : Suat chiec khau
Nper : Tong so thi oan phai tra tnh theo hang nam
Pmt : Khoan chi tra eu moi thi oan, neu bo trong la = 0
PV : Gia tr tien hien tai, neu bo trong la = 0
Type : Cach tnh cho khoan tra eu PMT, neu bo trong la = 0,
ngha la chi tra eu vao cuoi nam

IRR()
Values : Cac gia tr cua dong tien
Guess : Gia tr suy oan, neu bo trong la = 0

NPV()
Rate : Suat chiec khau cho toan dong tien
Value1 : Cac gia tr cua dong tien
Value2,. : Bo trong neu dong tien khong qua 30 thi oan

PMT()
PV : Gia tr tien hien tai tien vay c
FV : Gia tr tng lai tien vay con lai cha tra, neu bo trong
la = 0, ngha la a tra het tien vay

PV()
FV : Gia tr tien tng lai co c
31

RATE()
Nper : Tong so thi oan chi tra theo nh ky hay hang nam
cho d an i vay
PV : Gia tr tien hien tai nhan c khi vay
FV : Gia tr tien phai tra tng lai

SLN()
Cost : Gia tr ban au cua tai san
Salvage : Gia tr con lai cua tai san, neu bo trong la = 0
Life : So thi oan tai san c tnh khau hao

SYD()
Cost : Gia tr ban au cua tai san
Salvage : Gia tr con lai cua tai san, neu bo trong la = 0
Life : So thi oan tai san c tnh khau hao
Per : Thi oan tnh khau hao

Bai tap tai cho 2:

Hay nhap vao mot dong ngan lu nh bang 4.2.
1. Anh/Ch hay tnh gia tr hien tai thuan cua dong ngan lu vi suat chiec khau
la 10% mot nam.
2. Tnh noi suat thu hoi von IRR cua dong ngan lu noi tren.

A B C D E F G H I
1

2
Nam 0 1 2 3 4
3
Dong tien -1500 400 500 700 600
4

5
NPV(10%)
6
IRR
7

BANG 4.2: Dong ngan lu

32
Thao tac tnh gia tr hien tai rong cua dong ngan lu:

B1: Nhap chuot vao o C5 e chon lam o hien th ap so.
B2: Nhap chuot vao bieu tng Paste Function tren thanh cac bieu tng thong
dung.
B3: hop thoai ben trai, chon loai ham Financial.
B4: hop thoai ben phai, chon ham NPV, roi nhan phm OK.
B5: khung ca so Rate, nhap vao lai suat la 10% roi nhan phm Tab.
B6: Nhap vao chuoi dong tien t nam th 1 en nam th 4 bang cach:
Nhap va gi chuot vao o D3
Keo sang nganh en o G3
Tha chuot ra
B7: Nhap chuot vao ch OK
B8: Nhap chuot vao uoi cua cong thc tren thanh cong thc (formular bar)
B9: anh dau +
B11: Nhan phm Enter e ket thuc bai toan.

Thao tac tnh noi suat thu hoi von (IRR) cua dong ngan lu:

B1: Nhap chuot vao o C6 e chon lam o hien th ap so.
B2: Nhap chuot vao bieu tng Paste Function tren thanh cac bieu tng thong
dung.
B3: Chon ham IRR(), roi nhan chuot vao nut OK, khi o mot ca so hien ra nh
hnh 4.2.
B4: khung ca so Values, anh khoi toan bo dong ngan lu t o C3 en o G3.
B5: Nhap chuot vao nut OK, hoan tat viec tnh noi suat thu hoi von.

Hnh 4.1: Ca so cua ham tnh IRR

33

4.3. Cac ham toan hoc (Math & Trig) :

TT TEN HAM CONG DUNG CU PHAP TH DU KET QUA
1. ABS() Absolute value Tra ve tr tuyet oi tr so cua number
= ABS (number)
= ABS (5-150)
= ABS (2
*
(-50))

145
100
2. INT() Tra ve tr so nguyen gan nhat nho hn number.
= INT (number)
= INT (123.45)
= INT (-3.2)

123
-4
3. ODD() So nguyen le nho nhat ln hn hay bang number
= ODD (number)
= ODD (3.7)

5
4. MOD() Tra ve so d cua phep chia nguyen
= MOD (number, divisor)
= MOD (30,7)

2
5. PI() Tr so cua Pi
= PI ()

3.145926
6. PRODUCT() Tra ve tch so cua tr trong danh sach
= PRODUCT (number1, number2, )
= PRODUCT (6,5,20)

600
7. QUOTIENT() Tra ve thng so cua phep chia nguyen
= QUOTIENT (number, denominator)
= QUOTIENT (17,5)

3
8. RAND() Tra ve so ngau nhien ln hn 0 va nho hn 1
= RAND ()

So ngau
nhien
9.
RANDBETWEEN()
Tra ve so ngau nhien trong khoang ch nh
= RANDBETWEEN (bottom, top)
= RANDBETWEEN (18,45)
So ngau
nhien gia 18
va 45
10. ROUND() Lam tron en cot so le ch nh
= ROUND (number, number digits)
= ROUND (12345.678,2)
= ROUND (12345.678,-3)

12345.68
12000
11. SQRT() Can bac 2 cua so dng
= SQRT (number)
= SQRT (25)

25
12. SUM() Tong cac tr so trong danh sach
= SUM (number1, number2, )
= SUM (5,10,15,20)

50
13. SUMIF() Tnh tong cac o thoa ieu kien
= SUMIF (range1, criteria, range2)
= SUMIF (B1:B10, > 5 , B1:B10)

14. SUMPRODUCT() Tnh tong cua cac tch;
VD: C2*D2+C3*D3+C4*D4
=SUMPRODUCT(C2:C4,D2:D4)

34
4.4. Cac ham x ly chuoi (Text) :

1. FIND() Tra ve v tr xuat hien cua chuoi con trong chuoi ln
=FIND(find
-
text, within
-
text, start
-
num)
start
-
num:V tr bat au tm(mac nhien la1-au
chuoi)
=FIND(Excel,Microsoft Excel, 1)

11
2. LEFT() Cat lay ben trai cua chuoi mot so ky t
= LEFT (text, num
-
chars)
= LEFT (Tran Van Hoa, 4)

Tran
3. LEN() Tra ve so ch chieu dai cua chuoi.
= LEN (text)
= LEN (Dai hoc Can Tho)

15
4. LOWER() oi chuoi thanh ch thng.
= LOWER (Text)
= LOWER (THONG TIN)

thong tin
5. MID() Cat lay mot so ky t cua chuoi
= MID (text, start
-
num, num
-
chars)
= MID (Trng ai hoc Can Th,8,7 )

ai hoc
6. PROPER() Viet hoa ky t au t
= PROPER (text)
= PROPER (tran van a)

Tran Van A
7. REPLACE() Thay mot phan trong chuoi bang chuoi khac
= REPLACE (old
-
text, start
-
num, num
-
chars, new
-
text)
= REPLACE (Toi hoc Quattro,9,7, Excel)

Toi hoc
Excel
8. RIGHT() Cat lay ben phai cua chuoi mot so ky t.
= RIGHT (text, num
-
chars)
= RIGHT (Tran Van Hoa,3)

Hoa
9. TEXT() oi so qua chuoi theo dang ch nh.
= TEXT (value, format
-
text)
= TEXT (1234.56, ##,###.###)

1,234.56
10. TRIM() Cat bo cac ky t trong vo ch trong chuoi.
= TRIM (text)
= TRIM ( MS Excel 5.0 )

MS Excel
5.0
11. UPPER() oi chuoi thanh ch hoa
=UPPER(text)
=UPPER(can tho)

CAN THO
12. VALUE() oi chuoi co dang sothanh tr so
= VALUE (text)
= VALUE (LEFT(1001 em co n,4))

1001

35
4.5. Cac ham ngay & gi (Date & Time) :

1. DATE() oi tr gom nam, thang, ngay thanh mot ngay
=DATE (year, month, day)
=DATE(94, 1, 25)

01/25/94
2. DATEVALUE() oi chuoi dang ngay(mm /dd /yy) thanh tr ngay
thang
= DATEVALUE (date_Text)
= DATEVALUE ( 01/ 25/ 94)

34359
3. NOW() Tra ve Ngay & Gi hien hanh cua may. Khong oi so
= NOW ()
Ngay & Gi
hien hanh
4. TODAY() Ngay hien hanh cua may. Khong oi so.
= TODAY ()
Ngay hien
hanh
5. DAY() Ngay trong thang cua mot bieu thc ngay
= DAY (serial_Number)
= DAY (DATEVALUE( 04/ 30/ 75 ) +365*20)

25
6. MONTH() Thang cua mot bieu thc ngay
= MONTH (serial_number)
= MONTH (DATEVALUE( 04/ 30/75) +365*20 )

4
7. YEAR() Nam cua mot bieu thc ngay
= YEAR (serial_number)
= YEAR (DATEVALUE( 04/ 30/ 75 ) +365*20)

1995
8. WEEKDAY() Ngay trong tuan : T 1->7 : Chu nhat -> Th bay
= WEEKDAY (serial_number)
= WEEKDAY (DATEVALUE( 12/ 30/ 95))

7

4.6. Cac ham logic (Logical) :

1. AND() Cho tr TRUE (ung) neu moi oi so eu TRUE
= AND (logical1 , logical2 ,..)
= AND (2 >1 , 5 > 3 ,6 >= 6 )

TRUE
2. FALSE() Tr logic FALSE (sai)
= FALSE ()

FALSE
3. IF() Trac nghiem ieu kien e chon mot trong 2 tr
= IF (logical_test , value_if_True, value_if_False)
= IF (B1 > = 0, SQRT(B1), Khong co can bac 2)
Tuy thuoc
gia tr ghi
trong o B1
4. NOT() Cho tr logic ngc lai vi tr logic cua oi so
= NOT (logical)
= NOT (4 > 5)

TRUE
5. OR() Cho tr TRUE ung neu co mot oi so la TRUE.
= OR (logical1, logical2, )
= OR (2 > 1, 3 > 5, 10 < 9)

TRUE
6. TRUE() Tr logic TRUE (ung)
= TRUE ()

TRUE

36
4.7.Cac ham tm kiem (Lookup & Reference) :

1. CHOOSE() Chon th index_num trong cac tr value1, value2,
= CHOOSE (index_num, value1, value2, )
= CHOOSE (3, Window, Word, Excel)

Excel
2. COLUMN() So th t ben trai cua mot a ch.
= COLUMN (reference)
= COLUMN (B1:F10)

Cot B la cot
th 2
3. COLUMNS() So lng cot co trong mot khoi cells
= COLUMNS (array)
= COLUMNS (B1:F10)
T cot B en
cot F la:
5
4. ROW() So th t hang pha tren cua mot a ch tham chieu
= ROW (reference)
= ROW (B5:B20)

5
5. ROWS() So lng hang co trong mot khoi cells
= ROWS (array)
= ROWS (B45:B50)

6
6. HLOOKUP() Do tm lookup
_
value tren hang au tien cua
Table
_
Array va tham chieu tr tng ng hang
row_index_num.
= HLOOKUP (Lookup_value, Table_array,
Row_index_num, {range_lookup})
Range_lookup= 1 hoac True: Danh sach xep tang
dan.
Range_lookup= 0 hoac False: Danh sach khong can
th t.
= HLOOKUP (SGN, {CLN, GDH, SGN;
12,24,36} ,2)

36
7. INDEX() Chon mot tr trong mang thong qua ch so hang cot.
= INDEX (Array, Rownum, Colnum)
= INDEX ((CLN, GDH, SGN; 12,24,36),2,3)

36
8. VLOOKUP() Do tm Lookup_value ben trai cua Table_Array va
tham chieu tr tng ng cot Col_index_num.
= VLOOKUP (Lookup_value, Table_array,
Col_index_num, {range_lookup})
Range_lookup= 1 hoac True:Danh sach xep tang
dan.
Range_lookup= 0 hoac False: Danh sach khong can
th t.
= VLOOKUP (SGN, {CLN, 12, GDH, 24,
SGN, 36}, 2 )

36

37
Chng trnh Giang day Kinh te Fulbright Bai 5: Ve bieu o tren bang tnh
BAI 5. VE BIEU O TREN BANG TNH (EXCEL)

5.1 Man hnh o th va cac thuat ng hien tren o th

iem d lieu (Data point), Ten d lieu (Data label), Chuoi d lieu
(Data series).
Lng cung Gia cung
0 4
5 6
10 8
15 10
20 12
25 14
30 16
O d lieu
Ten d lieu

Chuoi d lieu

BANG 5.1

Cac truc (Axis)
Truc hoanh (truc X) : la truc nam ngang
Truc tung (truc Y) : la truc thang ng
Lu y:
Trong Excel khi ve o th dang XY (Scatter) cot au tien c Excel
ngam hieu la truc X; cac cot d lieu con lai se la d lieu tren truc Y. Neu
chuoi d lieu c anh khoi theo hang th hang au tien se la truc X. Neu
mot bang co so hang nhieu hn so cot, Excel se hieu d lieu ve o th
c sap xep theo cot. Neu bang co so cot nhieu hn, Excel se hieu d
lieu ang sap xep theo hang.

Tieu e cua o th (Chart title)
Tieu e cua o th la dong ta pha tren o th va c dung e gii thieu
ten chnh cua o th.

Ten cua cac truc (Axis title)
Ten cua truc X: la tieu e c ghi ben di, hay ben hong cua truc X.
Ten cua truc Y: la tieu e c ghi ben trai hay ben tren cua truc Y.

Cac chu thch (Legends)
Cac chu thch giup ta phan biet cac ng khac nhau, cac ng nay c
ve t cac d lieu khac nhau.
Cac ng ke li (Gridlines)
ng ke li tren o th giup ta de dang xac nh gia tr tren cac ng
bieu dien. V du nh gia tr tai giao iem cua ng cung va ng cau.
Canh Thac/Thanh Thai Thao tac tren Microsoft Excel 97/2000
38
Vung nen cua o th (plot area)
La vung nam sau lng cua cac ng o th. Thong thng Excel se e
vung nen co mau xam. Tuy nhien ta co the chnh mau la khong mau hay
tuy y. Xem phan chnh sa mau phan chnh sa o th.

5.2 Ve bieu o mot ng thang t bang so lieu cho trc, dang XY Scatter

Thao tac:
B1. Nhap vao mot bang so lieu (t o B2 en o C9) nh BANG 5.2

BANG 5.2

B2. anh khoi toan bo bang d lieu t o B2:C9
Nhap va gi chuot t o B2
Keo sang ngang mot cot, roi keo xuong di en o C9 th dng lai.
Tha chuot ra.
B3. a chuot len thanh cac cong cu thong dung (standard bar) roi nhap
chuot vao bieu tng ChartWizard
1
, mot ca so hien ra nh
hnh 5.1

B4. Nhap chuot chon dang o th XY (Scatter), khi o nam dang o th
XY Scatter se hien th
B5. Nhap chuot chon dang co ng cong noi.
B6. Nhap chuot vao nut Next, mot ca so vi o th se hien len thong bao
ve nguon d lieu ve o th.
B7. Tiep tuc nhap chuot vao nut Next, ca so ke tiep cho phep Anh/ Ch
nhap vao ten o th (khung Chart title), ten truc X (khung Value X
axis) va ten truc Y (khung Value Y axis), xem hnh 5.2.
39

1
ChartWizard: Tieng Viet ngha la nha thong thai ve o th

HNH 5.1:
Cac loai o th.
B8: Tiep tuc Nhap chuot vao nut Next trong ca so hnh 5.2

HNH 5.2: Ca so go vao ten o th, ten truc X, truc Y

B9. Ca so ke tiep hien len cho phep chung ta xac nh v tr o th c
hien th nh hnh 5.3, khung As new sheet : cho o th hien th vao mot
trang mi (new sheet), khung As object in : cho o th hien th vao ung
trang ang lam viec.
40

HNH 5.3: Chon v tr hien th o th

B10: Nhap chuot vao Finish e o th hien th ra nen Excel.

Sau khi hoan tat B10, mac du o th a hien ra tren nen Excel, the nhng
hnh dang o th luc nay rat xau. e chnh sa o th cho va y, chung ta
co the tiep tuc theo doi thao tac chnh sa o th bai 5, muc 5.4

41
5.3 Ve bieu o nhieu ng t mot bang co nhieu cot lien tiep hay nhieu cot
cach ri nhau

5.3.1 Ve t bang co nhieu cot lien tiep, dang XY Scatter

V du: Ve o th ng cung va ng cau vi BANG 3 cho trc.
Thao tac:
B1: Nhap vao bang so lieu nh BANG 3

BANG 3

A B C D E F
1
2
Lng Gia cung Gia cau

3
0 4 22

4
5 6 19

5
10 8 16

6
15 10 13

7
20 12 10

8
25 14 7

9
30 16 4

10
Sau khi nhap so lieu t B2 en D9 thao tac hoan toan tng t nh ve o
th mot ng thang
B2. anh khoi toan bo bang d lieu t o B2:D9
Keo sang ngang hai cot en cot D, roi keo xuong di en o D9 th
dng lai.
Tha chuot ra.
B3. a chuot len thanh cac cong cu thong dung roi nhap chuot vao bieu
tng ChartWizard, mot ca so hien ra nh hnh 5.1
B4. Nhap chuot chon dang o th XY (Scatter), khi o nam dang o th
XY Scatter se hien th

B5. Nhap chuot chon dang co ng noi.
B6. Nhap chuot vao nut Next, ca so vi o th se hien len.
B7. Tiep tuc nhap chuot vao nut Next, ca so ke tiep cho phep Anh/ Ch
nhap vao ten o th (khung Chart title), ten truc X (khung Value X
axis) va ten truc Y (khung Value Y axis), xem hnh 5.2.
B8: Tiep tuc Nhap chuot vao nut Next trong ca so hnh 5.2
42
hien th nh hnh 5.3, khung As new sheet: cho o th hien th vao
mot trang mi (new sheet), khung As object in: cho o th hien th
vao ung trang ang lam viec, nhap chuot vao As new sheet.
B10: Nhap chuot vao Finish e o th hien th ra nen Excel.

5.3.2 Ve t bang co nhieu cot lien tiep, dang Line

V du: Ve o th ng cung va ng cau vi BANG 3 cho trc.
Thao tac:
B1: Nhap vao bang so lieu nh BANG 3
BANG 3

A B C D E F
1
2

3
0 4 22

4
5 6 19

5
10 8 16

6
15 10 13

7
20 12 10

8
25 14 7

9
30 16 4

10

Lu y: cach anh dau khoi ve dang o th dang line se khac vi ve o th
dang XY Scatter.

B2. anh khoi bang d lieu t o C2:D9
Nhap va gi chuot t o C2
Keo sang ngang mot cot en cot D, roi keo xuong di en o D9 th
dng lai.
Tha chuot ra.
tng ChartWizard , mot ca so hien ra nh hnh 5.1
B4. Nhap chuot chon dang o th Line, khi o bay dang o th Line se
hien th

B5. Nhap chuot vao nut Next, ca so vi o th se hien len. Luc nay o
th van cha xac nh ung gia tr cua truc X; tiep tuc thc hien a
gia tr truc X vao o th nh sau:
43
B6. Nhap chuot vao thanh Series ben tren o th nh hnh 5.4

HNH 5.4 : a gia tr truc X vao o th

B7. Nhap chuot vao khung trang Category (X) axis labels ben di
B8. a chuot ra nen Excel va anh khoi cot so lieu X; t o B3 en B9.
Neu ca so o th che mat bang so lieu, khi o chung ta thc hien di
chuyen ca so o th bang cach nhap va gi chuot tren ng mau
xanh am (co dong ch Chart Wizard....) tren ca so roi mang sang
cho khac.
B9. Nhap chuot vao nut Next, ca so ke tiep cho phep Anh/ Ch nhap vao
ten o th (khung Chart title), ten truc X ( khung Value X axis) va
ten truc Y (khung Value Y axis), xem hnh 5.2. Sau khi nhap ten cua
o th va ten hai truc xong.
B10. Tiep tuc Nhap chuot vao nut Next trong ca so hnh 5.2
hien th nh hnh 5.3, khung As new sheet : cho o th hien th vao
44
mot trang mi (new sheet), khung As object in : cho o th hien th
B12. Nap chuot vao Finish e o th hien th ra trong mot trang mi (new
sheet) co ten la Chart 1.

5.3.3 Ve t bang co nhieu cot cach ri, dang Line

V du: Ve o th ng cau vi bang d lieu cho nh Bang 4
BANG 4: Bang vi so lieu cach ri

A B C D E F
1
2

3
0 4 22

4
5 6 19

5
10 8 16

6
15 10 13

7
20 12 10

8
25 14 7

9
30 16 4

10

Lu y: cach anh dau khoi ve dang o th dang line se khac vi ve o th
dang XY Scatter.

B1: anh dau khoi cot d lieu gia cung (t C2 en C9)
Nhap va gi chuot gia o C2 roi keo xuong o C9.
Tha chuot ra.
B2: Tay trai bam va gi luon phm Ctrl (khong tha phm ra)
B3: Tay phai dung chuot anh dau khoi cot d lieu gia cau t o E2:E9
B4: Tha chuot ra trc.
B5: Tha phm Ctrl ra sau.
Nh vay la ta a anh khoi c hai cot d lieu cach ri nhau. Ta tiep
tuc thc hien cac bc tiep theo nh ve o th 5.3.2 ke t bc B3.
tng ChartWizard , mot ca so hien ra nh hnh 5.1
B7. Nhap chuot chon dang o th Line, khi o bay dang o th Line se
hien th

B8. Nhap chuot vao nut Next, ca so vi o th se hien len. Luc nay o
45
th van cha xac nh ung gia tr cua truc X; tiep tuc thc hien a
gia tr truc X vao o th nh sau
B9. Nhap chuot vao thanh Series ben tren o th, xem hnh 5.4
B10. Nhap chuot vao khung trang Category (X) axis labels
B11. a chuot ra nen Excel va anh khoi cot so lieu X; t o B3 en B9.
Neu ca so o th che mat bang so lieu, khi o chung ta thc hien di
chuyen ca so o th bang cach nhap va gi chuot tren ng mau
xanh am (co dong ch Chart Wizard....) tren ca so roi mang sang
cho khac.
B12. Nhap chuot vao nut Next, ca so ke tiep cho phep Anh/ Ch nhap
vao ten o th (khung Chart title), ten truc X ( khung Value X axis)
va ten truc Y (khung Value Y axis), xem hnh 5.2. Sau khi nhap ten
cua o th va ten hai truc xong.
B13. Tiep tuc Nhap chuot vao nut Next.
hien th nh hnh 5.3, khung As new sheet : cho o th hien th vao
mot trang mi (new sheet), khung As object in : cho o th hien th
B15. Nhap chuot vao Finish e o th hien th ra trong mot trang mi (new
sheet) co ten la Chart 1.
46
5.4 Chnh sa nh dang lai bieu o
5.4.1. nh dang lai kch thc va mau nen

a. Chnh kch thc o th:
Thao tac:
B1: Nhap chuot mot cai tren nen cua o th, khi o xung quanh nen se
hien len cac nut hnh vuong nho mau en.
B2: a chuot en v tr cac nut en cho en khi chuot t dang mui ten
mau trang chuyen thanh mui ten hai au mau en th dng lai.
B3: Nhap va gi chuot
B4: Di chuyen chuot e cho o th c rong ra.
B5: Tha chuot ra
B6: Tiep tuc nhap va gi chuot vao cac nut en con lai e ieu chnh cho
en khi kch thc cua nen u ln so vi kch thc o th ban au th
ngng lai.
b. Chnh mau nen:
Thao tac:
B1: Nhap chuot hai cai lien vao tren nen cua o th, mot bang mau se
hien ra e ta chon mau, xem hnh minh hoa.

HNH 5.8: Bang chon mau

B3: Nhap chuot vao mot o mau tuy y
47
5.4.2. nh dang lai truc X, truc Y

a. Dch chuyen v tr ten cua cac truc.
Thao tac:
B1: Nhap va gi chuot vao ten cua truc X, nam ben di truc hoanh; hoac
ten cua truc Y, nam ben trai truc tung.
B2: Dch chuyen chuot en v tr muon at ten.
B3: Tha chuot ra.

b. Quay ngang ten cua truc Y:
Thao tac:
B1: Nhap chuot phai vao ten cua truc Y.
B3: Mot bang nho hien len, ta nhap chuot vao dong ch Format axis
title...
B4: Mot ca so hien len nh HNH 5.9, ta nhap chuot vao Alignment

HNH 5.9: Ca so Format Axis Title

B5: Sau khi nhap chuot vao ch Alignment, mot ca so nh HNH 5.10
hien len, luc o Anh/ Ch se la chon hng cua ten truc X, bang cach
anh vao goc nghieng o Degrees hoac keo kim hng en goc o
mong muon. Ch Text tren hnh la dang nam doc, Anh/ch chon vao
ch Text nam ngang, roi nhap chuot vao nut OK
48

HNH 5.10: Ca so Format Axis Title, chon Alignment

49
c. ieu chnh lai thang o
2
(scale) cho hai truc

C.1 ieu chnh thang o cua truc Y:

Thao tac:

B1: Click chon o th neu Anh/Ch ang ben ngoai o th.
B2: Double click vao con so bat ky nam pha ben trai cua truc tung.
B3: Mot ca so Format Axis hien len nh HNH 5.11, khi o Anh/Ch
chon Scale
B4: Chnh lai cac gia tr Minimum, Maximum, Major Unit:n v o
chnh, Minor Unit: n v o phu, roi nhap chuot vao nut OK.

HNH 5.11: Format Axis

C.2 ieu chnh thang o cua truc X:

Lu y:
Thang o cua truc X se khong ieu chnh c khi o th ang co
dang Line. Khi o ta phai nh dang cho o th co dang la XY-Scatter.

2
Thang o: Tren mot truc so se co gia tr ln nhat, nho nhat, bc chnh va bc phu. Tat ca bon yeu to
tren la the hien ay u cua mot thang o, co the hieu n gian no la cay thc o.
50
Thao tac:

B1: Nhap chuot phai vao mot iem bat ky tren nen o th.
B2: Nhap chuot vao Chart Type, mot ca so hien len nh HNH 5.12
B3: Nhap chuot vao XY [Scatter], roi nhap chuot vao OK.
Sau khi o th dang XY [Scatter] th co the chnh sa Scale nh
phan C.1.

HNH 5.12: Loai o th

B4: Double click vao con so ben di truc hoanh.
B5: Nhap chuot vao ch Scale.
B6: Chnh lai cac gia tr Minimum, Maximum, Major Unit:n v o
chnh, Minor Unit: n v o phu, roi nhap chuot vao nut OK.
51
5.4.3. nh dang lai ng, mau ng, ky hieu tren ng

Thao tac:

B1: Click e o th neu Anh/Ch ang ben ngoai o th.
B2: Double click vao ng thang, mot ca so hien len nh HNH 5.13

HNH 5.13: nh dang chuoi so lieu

B3: Ben di phan chnh ng, pha di ch Line, Anh/Ch chon
custom, sau o chnh dang ng (Style), mau ng (color), o net
(weight) day hay mong.
B4: Tng t cho thao tac chnh ng, ben tay phai la chnh (marker)
dau anh tren ng, dau anh nay giup ta phan biet gia cac ng
vi nhau.

52
5.5 Ve them ng vao mot o th co san

Thao tac: Trc tien cac Anh/Ch ve o th cua ng cung; sau o them
ng cau.

B1: Nhap vao mot bang so lieu (t o B2 en o D9) nh hnh ve (BANG 7)

BANG 7

B2: anh khoi bang d lieu t B2:C9
Keo sang ngang mot cot, roi keo xuong di en o C9 th
dng lai.
Tha chuot ra.
B3: Thc hien thao tac ve o th giong nh thao tac trong phan ve o th
5.2 (ve o th cua mot ng thang), (xem lai phan ve o th 5.2 va
thc hien en B10).
B4: a o th ng cau vao theo cac thao tac:
anh khoi cot d lieu gia cau t D2:D9
Nhap chuot vao bieu tng copy.
Sau o dan vao o th bang cach: nhap chuot vao o th, sau o
nhap chuot vao bieu tng dan.

53
Chng trnh Giang day Kinh te Fulbright Bai 6: Chnh trang in va in an
BAI 6. CHNH TRANG IN VA IN AN

6.1 Vai cau hoi trc khi in.

Trc khi in, e khong b mat nhieu thi gian, Anh/Ch can tra li mot vai cau
hoi sau:
1. Anh/Ch a vao mang cha. (Username va password)
2. Ten vao mang cua Anh/Ch (Logon Name khi vao Windows) la ten g.
3. May in cua Anh/Ch la may in nao, co bat len cha.
4. Cac Anh/Ch a xem lai trang in (Print Preview) trc khi in cha.
5. Mot vai li khuyen:
Han che in t bieu tng Print tren thanh "standard bar"
Nen xem lai (Print Preview) trc khi in, xem tong so trang in
co hp ly khong, van ban co lot vao trong trang cha?
Nen in t thanh menu; nhap chuot vao ch File
Nen in trc th mot hay hai trang trc khi in toan bo van ban.
Nhn tren man hnh in xem mnh se in ra may in nao? Trong
phong may hay in sang may in phong Hanh chnh.
Khi a cho lenh in roi ma khong thay in ra, th khong nen cho
lenh in na ma hay goi ngi ieu khien he thong e hoi ro
nguyen nhan.
Xem thao tac in mau phan 6.4.1
Canh Thac/Thanh Thai 57 Thao tac tren Microsoft Excel 2000
6.2 Chnh trang in (Page Setup)
Tai sao phai chnh trang in ?
Trc khi in bang tnh, thng chung ta se at cau hoi la trang giay ma
chung ta in ra co kch thc nh the nao (B5, A4, A3, ...), vi kch thc
trang giay ma ta chon th bang tnh cua chung ta se in ra bao nhieu trang,
noi dung ben trong bang tnh co b tach ra nhng phan theo cac trang khac
nhau hay khong (trong khi o chung ta mong muon la mot phan nao o
tren bang tnh phai nam tren mot trang ma khong b tach ri. V du, ten o
th ghi chu thch cua o th th luc nao chung ta cung muon no nam cung
trang vi o th) hoac la chung ta muon la co ten cua chung ta tren trang
in (e khong lan lon vi trang in cua ngi khac), tren trang in co ngay
thang, so trang va rat nhieu cau hoi khac. Sau ay chung ta se tm hieu s
lc mot so phan ve hop thoai Page Setup.
e goi hop thoai Page Setup chung ta phai co bang tnh cua chung ta
tren man hnh. Nhap chuot vao trnh n File, mot bang danh sach cac
lenh trong trnh n nay trai xuong, Nhap chuot chon lenh Page Setup,
hop hoi thoai Page Setup xuat hien nh hnh 6-1.
hnh 61
|c p |c i
t|ca i Fac
5ctup
Tab
Sheet
Tab
Header/Footer
Tab
Margins
Tab
Page
Trong hop hoi thoai Page Setup, chung ta thay no co nhieu Tab, sau
ay lan lc chung ta se xem xet chc nang cua tng phan tromg moi Tab
nay.
Khung chc nang Page (xem hnh 6-1)

Trong hop hoi thoai Page Setup, nhap chuot vao ch Page th Tab
Page c noi len pha trc cac tab khac trong hop thoai Page Setup.

- Phan Orientation: Phan nay cho chung ta 2 la chon la noi dung cua
bang tnh khi in ra se bo tr theo trang ngang (Landscape) hoac la
theo trang doc (Portrait). e chon trang doc, hay nhap chuot vao nut
Radio Button (xem hnh 6-2) ngay trc ch Portrait hay neu muon
chon trang ngang hay nhap chuot vao nut radio button ngay trc ch
Landscape.

n trang ngang n trang do c

hnh 6Z
F|a i Uriaitatici Jc
ca i Ja t ii trai Jc c
|ca c ii trai iai.

Chu y :
+Tra ng tha i cu a nu t radio button dang du J c cho n co hinh va kho ng du J c cho n
co hinh
+Trong ha n 0rientation na y thi chu ng ta chi co the cho n mo t trong 2 lu a cho n.
+Trong mo t worksheet chu ng ta chi co the di nh da ng la in trang do c hoa c la in
trang ngang cho toa n bo ca c trang trong worksheet do .

- Phan Scaling: Dung e lam ln len hoac nho phan noi dung cua
Worksheet in ra. Chon la nay khong lam thay oi kch thc cua
Worksheet tren man hnh. e tang hay giam kch thc cua Worksheet
khi in ra, chung ta hay nhap chuot vao trong hop Adjust to, roi anh vao
so phan tram kch thc cua Worksheet in ra so vi kch thc bnh
thng (xem hnh 6-3).

hnh 68
F|a i 5ca|ii
Ju i Jc t|ay
Jc i t| |c ii.
ho Adjust to

- Phan Paper size: Chon la kho giay in (xem hnh 6-4).

hnh 64
F|a i Fapcr
sizc Ju i Jc
ca i Ja t k|c
hu t mJ danh
sa ch lu a cho n
Nhap chuot vao nut m danh sach th mot danh sach ten cac loai kho giay
c trai xuong, hay nhap chuot vao loai ten kho giay ma Anh/Ch muon
chon. Neu cac Anh/Ch khong thay ten cua kho giay ma mnh muon chon
th hay nhap chuot vao nut cuon len cua thanh cuon hoac nhap chuot vao
nut cuon xuong cua thanh cuon e tm kiem ten cua kho giay o.

hu t cuo n le n
hu t cuo n xuo ng
- Phan Print Quality: Chon la chat lng cua trang in. e chon chat
lng in hay nhap chuot vao nut m danh danh cua hop Print Quality
(xem hnh 6-5) th mot danh sach trai xuong roi nhap chuot vao mot trong
cac ten trong danh sach. High, Medium, Low, Draft theo th t la chat
lng cao, trung bnh, thap, va in nhap.

hnh 66
F|a i Friit Uua|ity
Ju i Jc c|c i c|a t

- Phan First Page Number: ay la phan la chon cho so cua trang au
tien. V du, neu chung ta muon trang au tien co so cua trang la 5 th hay
vao so 5 trong hop nay.
- Trong cac tab cua hop hoi thoai Page Setup ta ieu thay cac nut OK,
Cancel, Print, Print Preview, Options, va Help. Chc nang cua cac nut nay
la:
- Nut OK: La nut ghi nhan tat ca la chon ma ta a ch ra. Sau khi nhap
chuot vao nut OK th hop hoi thoai Page Setup se ong lai.
- Nut Cancel: La nut huy bo tat ca nhng g ma ta la chon. Sau khi nhap
chuot vao nut nay th hop hoi thoai Page Setup ong lai.
- Nut Print: Dung e in bang tnh.
- Nut Print Preview: Nhap chuot vao nut nay th chng trnh Excel se cho
chung ta nhn thay trang in trc khi in.
- Nut Options: e chon la cho may in.
- Nut Help: Hng dan bang tieng Anh ve cac chc nang cua cac phan
trong tab hien hanh.
Khung chc nang Margins
Trong hop hoi thoai Page Setup Nhap chuot vao ch Margins th tab
Margins c troi len pha trc.

hnh 66
Ta|
Mariis.

- Trong tab nay cho chung ta cai at cac le cua noi dung ben trong trang in.
Cac le nay la:
+ Khoang cach t canh ben trai cua trang giay en mep phan noi dung ben
trong cua bang tnh (co ten la Left).
+ Khoang cach t canh ben phai cua trang giay en mep phan noi dung ben
trong cua bang tnh (co ten la Right).
+ Khoang cach t canh ben tren cua trang giay en mep phan noi dung ben
trong cua bang tnh (co ten la Top).
+ Khoang cach t canh ben di cua trang giay en mep phan noi dung ben
trong cua bang tnh (co ten la Bottom)
+ Khoang cach t canh ben tren cua trang giay en mep phan tieu e au
trang (header).
+ Khoang cach t canh ben di cua trang giay en mep phan tieu e cuoi
trang (Footer). (xem hnh 6-7)
0hi chu :
header nghi a la tie u de da u trang. hhu Anh/Chi tha y tie u de da u trang cu a ha n ta i
lie u hu J ng na y la :
'Fho ng ma y tinh Chu J ng trinh Fulbright vie t ham Ba i G: Chi nh trang in va in a n'
Footer nghi a la tie u de cuo i trang. Tie u de cuo i trang cu a ha n ta i lie u hu J ng da n
na y la :
Ca nh Tha c/Thanh Tha i Thao ta c tre n Ms Excel 5.O .
Chu header va Footer trong khung From adga cu a tab Margins a m chi khoa ng ca ch tu
ca nh tre n trang gia y de n ha n tic u Jc Ja u trai va tu ca nh du J i trang gia y de n
tic u Jc cuc i trai.

+ Trong khung Center on Page co 2 phan la Horizontally va Vertically dung
e at noi dung cua trang in nam gia cac le Left-Right va Top-Bottom. Neu
ta nhap chuot vao o Horizontally th no i dung trang in se nam gia le Left va
Right. Neu ta nhap chuot vao o Vertically th noi dung trang in se nam gia le
Top va Bottom (xem hnh 6-7).

Bottom
hnh 67
Sia i t|c|
ca c t|ua t
iu trci ta|
vertically
hori/ontally
header To
Let Right
Footer

- e thay oi le, hay anh so vao cac hop Top, Bottom, Left, Right (chu y la
so nay co n v o chieu dai tnh bang Inch). e thay oi le cua tieu e au
trang va tieu e cuoi trang, hay anh so vao hop Header, Footer (n v Inch)
- Khung Preview la cho chung ta biet la ang thay oi le nao bang hnh anh.

Khung chc nang Header/Footer

Trong hop hoi thoai Page Setup, nhap chuot vao ch Header/Footer th tab
Header/Footer c troi len pha trc (xem hnh 6-8). Tab nay dung e
a vao trang in tieu e au trang va tieu e cuoi trang.
hnh 68
Ta| |caJcr/|cctcr
Ju i Jc Jua
va c trai ii
ca c tic u Jc
Ja u trai va
- Cach a vao tieu e au trang:
Thao tac:
B1. Nhap chuot vao ch File tren thanh Menu, mot ca so se rt xuong.
B2. Nhap chuot vao hang ch Page Setup trong ca so va rt xuong.
B3. Nhap chuot vao khung ch Header/Footer.
B4. Nhap chuot vao nut Custom header, mot hop hoi thoai Header xuat
hien (xem hnh 6-9). Hop hoi thoai nay co 3 khung Left Section, Center
Section va Right Section. Cac khung nay la 3 phan trai, gia va phai cua
tieu e au trang.
B5. Nhap chuot vao trong 3 khung o va anh vao tieu e au trang hoac
nhap chuot vao cac nut chen so th t trang (ma la &[Page]), tong
so trang (ma la &[Pages]), ngay thang nam luc bang tnh c in ra
(ma la &[Date]), gi cua luc bang tnh in ra (ma la &[Time]),
ten file cua ban tnh (ma la &[File]), ten Worksheet hien hanh
(ma la &[Tab]).
63 Thao tac tren Microsoft Excel 2000
hnh 69
Ta| |caJcr
Ju i Jc
t|c m tic u
Jc Ja u
Canh Thac/Thanh Thai
nh dang ch tieng Viet cho tieu e au trang bang cach boi en (anh
khoi) nhng ky t ma chung ta muon nh dang sau o nhap chuot vao nut
th mot hop hoi thoai Font hien ra (xem hnh 6-10) va tiep theo chung
ta co the chon la cac nh dang lai font ch ma chung ta muon.

B6. Nhap chuot vao nut OK th Excel se ghi nhan cac cac nh dang ma
chung ta a chon va hop thoai Font c ong lai; hoac nhap chuot
vao nut Cancel e huy bo tat ca cac nh dang ma chung ta va chon
va hop hoi thoai Font c ong lai.
B7. Tiep tuc nhap chuot vao nut OK e Excel se ghi nhan lai moi th ma
chung ta va mi a vao tieu e au trang; hoac nhap chuot vao nut
Cancel e huy bo tieu e au trang ma chung ta va mi a vao
hoac chnh sa. Sau khi nhap chuot hop hoi thoai Header c ong
lai

- Cach a vao tieu e cuoi trang:
Trong tab Header/Footer, nhap chuot vao nut Custom Footer th hop hoi
thoai Footer hien ra (xem hnh 6-11).

hnh 611
|c p |c i
t|ca i |cctcr
Ju i Jc
Jua va c
tic u Jc

hnh 610
|c p |c i
t|ca i |cit
Ju i Jc
Ji i| Ja i
tic u Jc Ja u
T hop hoi thoai nay chung ta a vao tieu e cuoi trang tng t nh cach
a vao tieu e au trang.

Khung chc nang Sheet

Trong hop hoi thoai Page Setup, nhap chuot vao ch Sheet th khung chc
nang Sheet c troi len pha trc (xem hnh 6-12). Sau ay chung ta se
lan lt tm hieu ve khung chc nang nay.

hnh 61Z
Ta| 5|cct

- Print Area: Khung nay cho chung ta chon vung in (xem hnh 6-13).

hnh 618
Li i| vu i ii

V du, chung ta can in vung A1:B5 va D1:E5 th ch can anh vao khung
nay A1:B5, D1:E5 hoac nhap chuo t vao khung nay roi nhap chuot vao
trong Worksheet va dung mouse e quet chon la vung A1:B5 roi nhan gi
phm Ctrl va quet chon vung D1:E5, khi quet chon xong th trong khung
Print Area cung xuat hien $A$1:$B$5,$D$1:$E$5. Cac vung chon ma
khong lien tuc th se c in tren cac trang khac nhau. Nh v du tren th
vung A1:B5 c in tren mot trang va D1:E5 c in tren trang khac.

-Print Titles: Dung e in lap lai hang hay cot ma chung ta muon chon lam
au e (xem hnh 6-14). Cac au e ch c in lap lai nhng trang tiep
theo sau hang hay cot co au e o. V du neu chung ta chon mot hang hay
cot lam au e in va hang hay cot nay nam trang th hai th ke t trang
th ba tr i au nay se c in lap lai.

hnh 614
0a c k|ui
c|c i Ja u Jc
ii

Bay gi, chung ta th xem them v du sau e hieu them ve in lap lai au e.
Tren hnh 6-15, ta co mot bang dai, neu in ra th bang nay se co 2 trang va
bang nay se b chia thanh 2 phan nam trong 2 trang o. Gia s, phan bang
B2:H62 nam trang th nhat va phan bang B63:H:75 nam trong trang th
2. Nh vay khi xem gia tr nao o la uanIIIy hay FrIra ($) vv... trong
trang th 2 th nhat thiet phai oi chieu vi au e hang cua trang th nhat.
v du nh, e biet o D70 la g th ta phai oi chieu vao trang th nhat mi
biet c no la uanIIIy.

hnh 616
Mc t v Ju mii| |c a
c|c vic c ii |a p |a i

e khong can phai oi chieu len trang th nhat chung ta hay cho in lap lai
tieu e cua bang la hang so 2 cua bang tnh nay (tc la hang co tieu e
ho., 8ook nama, uanIIIy, FrIra ($) vv...) bang cach m tap tin co bang
nay roi goi hop hoi thoai Page Setup len, nhap chuot vao tab Sheet (thao
tac theo phan hng dan cac trang trc) roi nhap chuot vao hop Row to
Repeat at Top roi nhap chuot vao bat ky o nao cua hang 2 cua woorksheet
th lap tc trong hop Row to Repeat at Top xuat hien $2:$2 (xem hnh 6-16).

hnh 616
Sau khi nha p chuo t
va o ha ng 2 cu a

Tiep tuc, nhap chuot vao nut OK cua hop hoi thoai Page Setup e Excel ghi
nhan lai viec chung ta mi lam. Bay gi, neu in ra bang tnh th chung ta se
c ket qua nh hnh 6-17a va 6-17b.

hnh 617a
Trang th nha t

a u da ba ng Inh
duo r In Ia p Ia I o
hnh 617b
Trang th hai

- Print: e chon la cac phan trong khung print th nhap chuot vao cac hop
check box . Sau khi nhap chuot vao hop check box th trong hop nay
c anh dau X co hnh . V du, khi neu nhap chuot vao hop check box
cua Gridlines th chung ta thay nh hnh 6-18.

hnh 618
Khung Print

+ Gridlines (xem hnh 6-19): la mhng ng li ngang doc nh chung ta
thay tren bang tnh (cac ng nay manh va m, dung e cho chung ta thay
c moi o trong bang tnh). neu chung ta nhap chuot chon vao hop check
box cua Gridlines th khi in ra cac o cha c ong khung (bang lenh
Border) se co ng mang bao quanh.
hnh 619
ng

uo ng rIdIInas
+ Black and White: Khi chon muc nay va in bang tnh tren may in mau th
mat du trong bang tnh chung ta co mau, trang in cua chung ta ch co mau
trang va en. Ngoai ra, chon la nay lam cho qua trnh in tren may in mau
nhanh hn.
+ Notes: Khi chon muc nay th ngoai noi dung cua worksheet c in ra, tat
ca cac ghi chu cho cac o cua worksheet se c in ra thanh cac trang tach
rieng vi cac trang cua noi dung worksheet. e in cac ghi chu cua cac o i
kem vi a ch cua nhng o o th chung ta phai anh dau ca hop check
box cua Notes va hop check box cua Row and column headings.
+ Row And Colum Headings: Neu chon muc nay th trang in se co them
phan so th t hang va ten cot cua cac o trong bang tnh (hnh 6-20).

hnh 6Z0
Trang in
co cho n
mu c Row
And Column
Headings.
so Ihu Iu ha ng va Ia n ro I ru a ra r o duo r In ra Irong

+Draft Quality: Khi chon muc nay th trang in cua chung ta se khong c
sac net va cac ng gridlines se khong c in ra. Muc chon nay se lam
tang toc o in.

-Page Order: Dung e ieu khien so th t trang tren trang in. Gia s, bang
tnh khi in ra bao gom 4 trang va cac khoi A1:G30, H1:O430, A31:G60,
H31:O60 nam trong cac trang khac nhau.
+ Down, Then Across: Theo gia s tren th muc chon nay co ket qua sau.
hnh 6Z1
Mu c cho n
Down, Then
A

Trang1 Trang8
TrangZ Trang4
+ Across, Then Down: Theo gia s tren th muc chon nay co ket qua nh
hnh 6-22.

hnh 6ZZ
Mu c cho n
Across, Then Down

Trang1 TrangZ
Trang8 Trang4

6.3 Xem trc trang in (Print Preview)
Trc khi in, cac Anh/Ch luon nh xem trc trang in. e xem trc trang
in, trong luc bang tnh ang c m, nhap chuot vao nut Print Preview tren
thanh cong cu Standard. Mot man hnh Print Preview hien ra nh hnh 6-23.


- Nut Next: xem trang ke tiep. V du, tren man hnh Print Preview la trang
2 th sau khi nhap chuot vao nut nay no se chuyen qua man hnh la trang 3.
hnh 6Z8
Ma n hnh Print
- Nut Previous: Xem trang ke trc. V du, tren man hnh Print Preview la
trang 2 th sau khi nhap chuot vao nut nay no se chuyen qua man hnh la
trang 1.
- Nut Zoom: Phong to hoac thu nho trang in tren man hnh. Neu chung ta
muon phong to phan nao o, hay nhap chuot vao vung o cua trang in th
vung o c phong to len va nhap chuot mot lan na vao trang in th man
hnh thu nho lai goi gon u mot trang tren man hnh.
- Nut Print: e in bang tnh.
- Nut Setup...: e goi hop hoi thoai Page Setup len.
- Nut Margins: Dung e chnh le trang in tren mang hnh Print Preview.
Sau khi nhap chuot vao nut nay th chung ta se thay cac ng le cua trang
in va cac ng cot hien ra, 2 au cua cac ng nay co o vuong nho mau
en (xem hnh 6-24).Thao tac e chnh le trang in hoac chnh o rong cua
cot la nhap chuot vao nut Margins, sau o a mui ten cua Mouse en nut o
vuong en roi nhan va gi phm trai cua Mouse roi keo en v tr ma chung
ta muon.
- Nut Close: e ong man hnh Print Preview lai.


0hi chu : Thanh du J i cu ng cu a ma n hinh Frint Freview la thanh tinh tra ng trang in. hhu hinh
tre n thi ha n Freview Fage 2 o 8 cu a thanh tinh tra ng trang in co nghi a la trang in
cu a chu ng ta co to ng co ng la 8 trang va trang hie n J tre n ma n hinh la trang
thu 2. 0o do , nhin va o thanh na y chu ng ta se bie t la to ng so trang la bao
nhie u va trang hie n la trang so ma y.
hnh 6Z4
Ma n hnh Print
Preview sau khi nha p
chuo t va o nu t

6.4 In an

6.4.1 Thao tac in an

V du mau:
Gia s Anh/Ch ang co mot file excel dai 20 trang va Anh/Ch muon in ba trang
au

Thao tac:

B0: Xem lai trang in trc khi in, va cha c chan rang file dai ung 20 trang va
khong co loi trong ba trang au.
B1: Nhap chuot vao ch File.
B2: Nhap chuot vao ch Print, mot ca so hien len nh HNH 6 - 25.
B3: anh so 1 vao o From:
B4: anh so 3 vao ca so To:
B5: Nhap chuot vao ch OK

hnh 6Z6
Ho p ho i thoa i Print
Lu y:
Mat nh ca so From ma e trong khong go g ca, th excel ngam nh se in t
trang 1.
6.4.2 Man hnh Print co nhng g?

Trc tien bang tnh phai c m ra. Nhap chuot vao trnh n (menu)
File, mot danh sach cac lenh trong trnh n File trai xuong, nhap chuot chon
lenh Print th mot hop hoi thoai Print m ra nh hnh 6-25
hnh 6Z6
Ho p ho i thoa i
Print

Sau ay chung ta se tm hieu cac phan trong hop hoi thoai Print.
- Printer: Sau ch Printer la ten cua may in.
- Print What: Trong phan gom co 3 muc chon .
+ Muc chon Selection: Neu chung ta muon in mot vung nao o tren bang
tnh th chon vung o roi m hop hoi thoai Print sau o chon muc Selection
roi nhap chuot vao nut OK e ch in vung bang tnh o.
+ Muc Selected Sheet: Muc nay la muc mac nh cho nen moi khi hop hoi
thoai Print hien ra th muc nay a c chon. Chon la muc nay la e in
Worksheet hien hanh.
+ Entire Workbook: Khi chon muc nay th toan bo cac Worksheet ma co
noi dung tren o se c in ra.
- Coppies: Trong hop nay c mac nh la 1. Ngha la, ch in mot bo trang in
thoi. Neu muon in nhieu bo, chang han nh 3 bo th anh so 3 vao hop
Coppies.
- Page Range: Trong phan nay gom co 2 muc.
+ All: neu chon muc nay th ta se in toan bo cac trang cua cac trang in ma
chung ta chon.
+ Pages: anh so vao hop From e nh trang bat au in va anh so vao
hop To e nh trang in cuoi. V du, trang in cua chung ta co 10 trang ma
chung ta ch muon in t trang 3 en trang 8 th hay anh vao hop From so 3
va anh vao hop To so 8.
- Nut OK: La e ghi nhan lai cac phan a ch nh in cua chung ta va bat au
tien trnh in ra may in.
- Nut Cancel la e huy bo cac phan a ch nh in cua chung ta va ong hop hoi
thoai Print lai.
- Nut Page Setup: La e m hop hoi thoai Page Setup e ieu chnh trang in.
- Nut Print Preview: La e m man hnh Print Preview (xem trc trang in).
- Nut Printer Setup: La e cai at cho may in.
- Nut Help: La e hng dan bang tieng Anh ve hop hoi thoai Print.

0hi chu :
he u chu ng ta mJ ba ng tinh ra va nha chuo t va o nu t Frint tre n thanh co ng cu
chua n (Standard) thi Excel se tie n ha nh tie n trinh in ra ma y in worksheet hie n ha nh. 0o do ,
chu ng ta se kho ng du J c cho n lu a nhu trong ho ho i thoa i Frint va chu ng ta se kho ng
bie t du J c trang in se du J c in ra ma y in na o va vv... Chi khi na o cha c cha n la chu ng ta
chi in worksheet hie n ha nh va trang in cu a ta da du J c die u chi nh hoa n chi nh thi mJ i
du ng nu t Frint na y.
Chng trnh Giang day Kinh te Fulbright Bai 7: Phan tch o nhay va phan tch hoi qui
BAI 7. PHAN TCH O NHAY VA PHAN TCH HOI QUI

7.1 Phan tch o nhay mot chieu

Khai niem o nhay:

Trong cac bai toan trc, cac Anh/Ch ch phan tch cac bai toan tnh (ngha la
cac Anh/ Ch thc hien cac bai toan vi cac yeu to au vao khong oi). Trong thc te,
cac yeu to au vao thng xuyen thay oi, lam anh hng en ket qua au ra va rat
co the lam cho ket qua bai toan tr nen rat xau. Chnh v vay chung ta can phan tch
bai toan vi mo hnh ong, ngha la xem xet bai toan trong ieu kien cac yeu to au
vao thay oi. Phan tch o nhay chnh la lap bang xem xet s thay oi cua ket qua au
ra khi mot hoat hai yeu to au vao thay oi.
Trong trng hp phan tch bai toan vi mot bien au vao thay oi ta goi la phan
tch o nhay mot chieu.
Trong trng hp phan tch bai toan vi hai bien au vao thay oi ta goi la phan
tch o nhay hai chieu.
Vay th cach lap bang phan tch o nhay nh the nao:

Bai toan tnh:
Trc tien Anh/ Ch hay xem xet bai toan tnh nh BANG 7.1. Mot ngi kinh doanh
mot mat hang A vi gia mua : 8, gia ban : 10 => tien li = 10 8 = 2

A B C D
1
2 Gia mua 8
3 Gia ban 10
4 Tien li 2
5

BANG 7.1: Bai toan tnh

Bai toan ong:
Hay tnh tien li khi hoac gia mua thay oi hoac gia ban thay oi.
Anh/ Ch hay lap bang phan tch o nhay mot chieu e xem xet tien li.
Thao tac e lap bang phan tch o nhay mot chieu vi gia ban:

B1: Go vao o A6 dong Phan tch o nhay vi gia ban thay oi
B2: Anh/ Ch hay go vao bang tay cac gia tr cua gia ban t o B9:B12

A B C D
1
2
Gia mua 8

3
Gia ban 10

4
Tien li 2

5
6
7

8
= C4
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
13

Phan tch o nhay vi gia ban thay oi

BANG 7.2: Phan tch o nhay khi gia ban thay oi
B3: anh dau = vao o C8.
B4: Nhap chuot vao o C4 (gia tr cua tien li), roi go phm Enter.
B5: anh khoi toan bo bang t o B8:C12
B6: a chuot len thanh Thc n va nhap chuot vao ch Data
B7: Nhap chuot vao ch Table.tren man hnh se hien len nh HNH 7.1

HNH 7.1

B8: Go vao phm Tab e con tro nhay sang hop thoai Column Input Cell
B9: Nhap chuot vao o C3 (gia tr cua gia ban).
B10: Nhap chuot vao ch OK, e hoan tat lap bang o nhay mot chieu.

7.2 Phan tch o nhay hai chieu

Thao tac e lap bang phan tch o nhay hai chieu vi gia ban va gia mua
B1: Go vao o A16 dong Bang phan tch o nhay hai chieu
B2: Anh/ Ch hay go vao bang tay cac gia tr cua gia ban t o B9:B22
B3: Anh/ Ch hay go vao bang tay cac gia tr cua gia mua t o C18:F18

A B C D E F
1
2
Gia mua 8

3
Gia ban 10

4
Tien li 2

16
17

18 = C4 6 7 8 9
19 9
20 10
21 11
22 12
23

Bang phan tch o nhay hai chieu

B4: anh dau = vao o B18.
BANG 7.3: Phan tch o nhay khi gia ban va gia mua cung thay oi
B5: Nhap chuot vao o C4 (gia tr cua tien li).
B6: anh khoi toan bo bang t o B18:F22
B7: a chuot len thanh Thc n va nhap chuot vao ch Data
B8: Nhap chuot vao ch Table.
B9: Nhap chuot vao o C2 (gia tr cua gia mua)
B10: Go phm Tab e con tro nhay sang hop thoai Column Input Cell
7.3 Phan tch hoi qui

Khai niem:

Phan tch hoi qui la phan tch moi tng quan cua hai hay nhieu chuoi so lieu cho
trc, tm ra c phng trnh mo ta moi quan he cua cac chuoi so lieu o da vao
cac tr thong ke ma ket qua cho t chay hoi qui (Regression).

V du: Cho hai chuoi so lieu X, Y nh bang 7.4, hay tm phng trnh Y theo X.
Thao tac:

B1: Nhap vao bang so lieu nh BANG 7.4

A B C D
1
2 X Y
3
1 3

4
3 5

5
4 8

6
6 10

7
8 12

8
9 15

9

Bang 7.4: Hai chuoi so lieu cho trc, e chay hoi qui

B2: Nhap chuot vao Tool
B3: Nhap chuot vao Data Analysis (Can Add-ins trc khi s dung)
B4: Dch chuyen thanh cuon, roi nhap chuot vao Regression, nhap chuot vao OK
B5: Nhap chuoi so lieu Y vao ca so Input Y range; bang cach anh khoi o C2 en o
C8 (C2:C8).
B6: Go phm Tab e sang ca so Input X range.
B7: Nhap chuoi so lieu X vao ca so Input X range; bang cach anh khoi B2:B8
B8: Nhap chuot vao Labels
B9: Nhap chuot vao OK e hoan tat thao tac chay hoi qui.

Lu y: Sau khi nhap chuot vao ch OK th mot sheet mi hien len cung cap cho
Anh/Ch mot so tr thong ke e co the phan tch hai chuoi d lieu cho trong BANG 7.4
Chng trnh Giang day Kinh te Fulbright Bai 8: Giai bai toan tren Excel
BAI 8. GIAI TOAN TREN EXCEL

8.1 Bai toan phan tch tnh huong

a. Gii thieu bai toan:
Trong cac Bai 7, cac Anh/Ch a quen vi bai toan phan tch o nhay mot
chieu va phan tch o nhay hai chieu. Trong bai toan phan tch o nhay mot
chieu hay con goi la chay o nhay cho ra bang mot chieu, Anh/ Ch ch co mot
bien thay oi (vd: gia mua hay gia ban), trong trng hp bai toan phan tch o
nhay hai chieu, chung ta se co hai bien thay oi (vd: ca gia mua lan gia ban).
Gii han cua bai toan phan tch o nhay ch dng lai bien th hai. Tuy nhien
trong trng hp co nhieu hn hai bien, chung ta van co the giai bai toan tren
Excel, o chnh la bai toan phan tch tnh huong.

b. Cong cu e giai bai toan tren Excel:

SCENARIOS
Scenario la mot cong cu nam trong Tools, tren thanh Menu.

c. bai toan v du tren Excel:
Bai toan tnh:
Trc tien Anh/ Ch hay xem xet bai toan tnh nh BANG 8.1. Mot ngi kinh
doanh mot mat hang A vi:
Gia mua : 8
Gia ban : 10
Tra lng: 0.5
=> tien li = Gia ban - Gia mua - Tra lng = 10 8 - 0.5 = 1.5

A B C D
1
2 Gia mua 8
3 Gia ban 10
4 Tra lng 0.5
5 Tien li 1.5
6
BANG 8.1:
Bai toan tnh

Bai toan phan tch tnh huong:
Ben di ay la v du ve gia ca cho cac tnh huong (Anh/ Ch khong phhjai go vao
bang 8.2 nay). Hay tnh tien li khi gia mua, gia ban va tra lng thay oi theo Bang
8.2 sau:

A B C D E
1
2 Trng
hp 1
Trng
hp 2
Trng
hp 3
3 Gia mua 8 7 9
4 Gia ban 10 12 9.5
5 Tra lng 0.5 1 1.5
6 Tien li 1.5 ? ?
7
BANG 8.2:
Bai toan tnh huong

d. S dung cong cu Scenarios e tnh tien li trong ba tnh huong tren:

Thao tac:
B1. Tren Excel, thiet lap lai bang 8.1, trong o o tnh tien li o C5 phai lien
ket cong thc nh sau: "=C3-C2-C4"
B2. Nhap chuot vao ch Tools tren thanh Menu.
B3. Nhap chuot vao ch Scenarios..Khi o mot ca so se hien ra nh sau:

Hnh 8.1: Quan ly Tnh huong

B4. Nhap chuot vao ch Add Khi o mot ca so nh Hnh 8.2 se hien ra.
B5. anh vao ten cua Tnh huong (vd: TH1) khung ca so Scenario Name:
B6. Nhan phm Tab e con tro nhay sang khung Changing Cells:
B7. Nhan va gi phm Ctrl ong thi nhap chuot lan lt vao cac o bien (o co
gia tr thay oi)

Hnh 8.2: Them vao Tnh huong
B8. Nhap chuot vao nut OK, khi o mot ca so se hien ra nh hnh ve 8.3 cho
phep Anh/Ch sa oi gia tr cua cac bien. Thong thng trng hp 1 la
trng hp goc cua bai toan tnh, nen ta se gi lai khong thay oi gia tr
cua cac bien

Hnh 8.3: Gia tr cac bien
Hnh 8.3: Gia tr cac bien

B9. Nhap chuot vao nut Add, roi nhap vao cac gia tr cho cac bien trong tnh
huong th hai, khi o ca so nh hnh 8.2 lai hien len.
B10. Lan nay Anh/Ch anh vao ten tnh huong, roi nhap chuot vao nut OK,
ma khong khai bao lai bien. Trong trng hp tnh huong 2 co cac bien
khac tnh huong 1, khi o Anh/Ch phai khai bao lai cac bien.
B11. Mot ca so giong nh hnh 8.3 se hien len, cho phep Anh/Ch nhap vao
gia tr cac bien C2, C3, C4 cua trng hp 2, sau o Anh/Ch nhap chuot
vao nut Add e tiep tuc nhap gia tr cac bien cho trng hp 3.
B12. Sau khi nhap xong cac bien cua trng hp 3, Anh/Ch nhap chuot vao nut
OK e ket thuc viec nhap gia tr cho cac bien trong cac tnh huong. Khi
o mot ca so giong nh hnh 8.1 se hien len vi ay u ten cac tnh
huong.
B13. Anh/Ch co the chon cac tnh huong va nhap chuot vao nut Show e xem
cac ket qua.
B14. Nhap chuot vao nut Close e ket thuc viec chay.

8.2. Bai toan tm giao iem cua ng cung va ng cau bang Goal Seek


Cho phng trnh ng cung va ng cau nh sau:
ng cung: 3P - 2Q = 6 (pt 8.1)
ng cau: P + Q = 30 (pt 8.2)
T phng trnh ng cung va ng cau ta lap c bang 8.3 (xem hnh), trong
o gia tr cot B c go vao bang tay, gia tr cot C va D c tnh toan bang cong
thc (vd: o C3 = 2/3*B3 + 2; o D3 = 30 - B3)

A B C D E F
1

2


3

3 4 27

4

6 6 24

5

9 8 21

6

12 10 18

7

15 12 15

8

18 14 12

9

21 16 9

10

24 18 6

11

12

b. Cong cu e giai bai toan tren Excel:
BANG 8.3: So lieu ng cung, ng cau

GOAL SEEK

Thao tac:
B1. Nhap chuot vao o E3, chon lam hieu cua gia cung va gia cau.
B2. Thc hien phep tnh hieu cho o E3 (=C3 - D3).
B3. Nhap phm Enter, e Excel thc hien phep tnh.
B4. Nhap chuot tr lai o E3
B6. Nhap chuot vao ch Goal Seek..Khi o mot ca so se hien ra nh sau:

Hnh 8.4: Ca so Goal Seek

B7. anh vao so 0 khung To Value roi anh phm Tab cho chuot nhay sang
khung By changing cell:
B8. Nhap chuot vao o B3, chon lam bien thay oi.
B9. Nhap chuot vao nut OK, khi o Excel se cho gia tr o B3 thay oi cho en
khi o E3 bang 0, ngha la gia cung va gia cau bang nhau.
B10. Nhap chuot vao nut OK e ket thuc bai toan.

8.3. Bai toan Qui hoach tuyen tnh (Linear Programming)

Bai toan qui hoach tuyen la bai toan yeu cau at c muc tieu e ra, tuy
nhien b rang buoc bi mot so nguon lc.
Trong v du ben di ay muc tieu cua doanh nghiep la li nhuan. Cac
rang buoc la cong suat may va nguon von chi tieu cho san xuat hang thang.
V du: Mot doanh nghiep san xuat quan ao, co mot may san xuat quan va
hai may san xuat ao. Cong suat toi a cua may san xuat quan la 5000 cai/ Thang.
Cong xuat toi a cua may san xuat ao la 10000 cai/Thang. Tong von cong ty chi
tieu cho san xuat hang thang la 500 trieu ong. Chi ph san xuat 1 quan la: 60000
/cai. Chi ph san xuat 1 ao la: 40000 /cai. Gia ban mot quan la: 100 000 /cai.
Gia ban mot ao la 65 000 /cai.
Muc tieu cua cong ty la toi a hoa li nhuan. Anh/Ch hay tnh so lng
quan, so lng ao can thiet san xuat, va li nhuan hang thang cua cong ty.

b. Cong cu giai bai toan:

SOLVER
Solver la mot cong cu nam trong Tools, tren thanh Menu.
Trong trng hp Excel cua cac Anh/Ch khong co Solver, xem phan 8.4.
thao tac e a vao cong cu Solver cho Excel tren may mnh.
c. S dung cong cu Solver e tnh lng san xuat toi u:

Thao tac:
B1. Tren Excel, thiet lap bang 8.4, trong o o b rang buoc la o C6 va o tnh
li nhuan C8 phai lien ket cong thc.

A B C D E F G
1

2

Cong suat /thang C/p sx 1sp Gia ban So lng
3

Quan 5000 60000 100000 0
4

Ao 10000 40000 65000 0
5

6

Rang buoc
chi ph sx
=F3*D3+F4*D4
7

8

Li nhuan =F3*(E3-D3) +
F4*(E4-D4)

9

10

BANG 8.4: Thiet lap bai toan

B3. Nhap chuot vao ch Solver..Khi o mot ca so se hien ra nh sau:

Hnh 8.5: Ca so nhap cac thong so Solver

B4. Nhap chuot vao o C8 khung Set Target Cell:
B5. Nhap chuot chon nut tron Max hang thong so Equal To:
B6. Nhan phm Tab e con tro nhay sang khung By Changing Cells
B7. Nhap chuot chon hai o F3 va F4 khung By Changing Cells e lam hai
bien so.
B8. Nhap chuot vao nut Add, khi o mot ca so nh hnh 8.6 se hien ra cho
phep chung ta nhap vao cac ieu kien rang buoc.

Hnh 8.6: Ca so nhap cac ieu kien rang buoc.
Trong hnh 8.6 nay khung ben trai la o b rang buoc, khung ben phai la gia
tr rang buoc, khung gia la ieu kien.
V du: $C$6 <= 500 000 000 (Chi ph san xuat)
$F$3 <= $C$3 (cong suat may san xuat quan)
$F$4 <= $C$4 (cong suat may san xuat ao)
$F$3 >= 0 (lng san xuat quan)
$F$4 >= 0 (lng san xuat ao)

B9. Nhap chuot vao o C6 khung ben trai; Cell Reference
B10. an vao so 500 000 000 khung ben phai Constraint
Hai bc 9 va bc 10 a hoan tat viec nhap ieu kien rang buoc ve chi
ph san xuat hang thang.
B11. Nhap chuot vao nut Add e tiep tuc nhap bon ieu kien rang buoc con lai.
B12. ieu kien rang buoc cuoi cung nhap chuot nut OK, khi o man hnh tr
ve lai ca so hnh 8.5, vi ay u cac ieu kien rang buoc.
B13. Nhap chuot vao nut Solve e Excel thc hien phep tnh, Anh/ Ch hay
quan sat man hnh se thay cac o lng quan, ao va li nhuan thay oi.
B14. Nhap chuot vao nut Close e ong ca so Solver lai va tr ve nen Excel,
khi o mot mot ca so nh hnh 8.7 hien len.

Hnh 8.7: Ca so hoi lu ket qua.
B15. Neu Anh/Ch muon lu lai ket qua ang hien tren man hnh th nhap chuot
chon Keep Solver Solution con muon gi lai gia tr ban au th nhap
chuot chon Restore Original Values.
B16. Nhap chuot vao nut OK e ket thuc bai toan.

8.4. a cong cu Solver vao trong Tools

Thao tac:
B1. Nhap chuot vao ch Tools tren thanh menu.
B2. Nhap chuot vao ch Add-Ins, khi o mot ca so se hien ra nh hnh 8.8

Hnh 8.8: Ca so Add-Ins.

B3. Nhap chuot chon Solver Add-Ins.
B4. Nhap chuot vao nut OK, khi o trong Tools se co hang Solver.

Chng trnh Giang day Kinh te Fulbright Bai 9: Mo phong Crystal Ball
BAI 9. PHAN TCH MO PHONG CRYSTAL BALL

Thiet lap bai toan tnh

Bai toan tnh:
Trc tien Anh/ Ch hay tr lai xem xe t bai toan tnh nh BANG 9.1. Mot ngi kinh
doanh mot mat hang A vi gia mua : 8, gia ban : 10 => tien li = 10 8 = 2. Can lu y
o tnh gia tr tien li ( o C4) phai la mot cong thc tnh t hai o , C2 va C3. Cong thc
o C4 nh sau: = C3 C2

A B C D
1
2 Gia mua 8
3 Gia ban 10
4 Tien li 2
5

BANG 9.1: Bai toan tnh
Bai toan ong:
Hay tnh tien li khi hoac gia mua thay oi va gia ban thay oi. Biet rang gia mua co
dang phan phoi chuan, vi tr trung bnh la 8, o lech chuan la 1. Gia ban co dang
phan phoi chuan, vi tr trung bnh la 10, o lech chuan la 1. Anh/ Ch hay chay mo
phong Crystal Ball va hay cho biet kha nang lo la bao nhieu phan tram (%)?.

Chuan b trc khi chay mo phong:

Trc tien e co the chay c mo phong Crystal Ball, chung ta can phai lam hai
viec:
1. Thiet lap bai toan tnh, nh mo ta ben tren.
2. a c phan mem Crystal Ball hien th tren Man hnh Excel. Trong
trng hp tren Man hnh Excel cha co hien th Crystal Ball, Anh/ Ch
xem hng dan cach a Crystal Ball len Man hnh Excel phan sau muc
9.6. Thanh Menu cua Man hnh Excel sau khi a c Crystal Ball len se
co them ba chc nang mi la Cell , Run va CBTools. ong thi Crystal
Ball cung them vao thanh cong cu mi vao Excel:

Thao tac:

Qua trnh chay mo phong Crystal Ball co the c chia lam 4 giai oan:
1. Khai bao bien gia thiet, bien ket qua (con goi la bien d bao)
2. Chay mo phong
3. Xem ket qua chay c
4. Lap bao cao va phan tch

9.1. Khai bao bien gia thiet, bien ket qua

a. Khai bao bien gia thiet Gia mua:
B1. Nhap chuot chon o C2
B2. Nhap chuot vao ch Cell tren thanh thc n (thanh Menu). Khi o
mot ca so m ra.
B3. Nhap chuot vao Define Assumption..Khi o mot bang cac dang phan
phoi se hien len nh hnh 9.1

Hnh 9.1: Cac dang phan phoi cua bien gia thiet (bien au vao).

B4. Nhap chuot chon dang Normal (phan phoi chuan).
B5. Nhap chuot vao nut OK, khi o mot man hnh hien ra nh hnh 9.2 cho
phep chung ta a vao cac thong so cua phan phoi.
B6. a vao gia tr trung bnh = 8 khung ca so Mean
B7. a vao gia tr o lech chuan = 1 khung ca so Std Dev
B8. Nhap chuot vao nut OK e hoan tat viec khai bao bien gia thiet Gia
mua.

Hnh 9.2 : Cac thong so cua Phan phoi chuan (Normal)

b. Khai bao bien gia thiet Gia ban:
Tng t nh phan khai bao bien gia thiet Gia mua
mot ca so m ra.
B3. Nhap chuot vao Define Assumption..Khi o mot bang cac dang phan
phoi se hien len nh hnh 9.1
B4. Nhap chuot chon dang Normal (phan phoi chuan).
B5. Nhap chuot vao nut OK, khi o mot man hnh hien ra nh hnh 9.2 cho
phep chung ta a vao cac thong so cua phan phoi.
B6. a vao gia tr trung bnh = 10 khung ca so Mean
B7. a vao gia tr o lech chuan = 1 khung ca so Std Dev
B8. Nhap chuot vao nut OK e hoan tat viec khai bao bien gia thiet Gia
ban.

c. Khai bao bien ket qua (con goi la bien d bao):
mot ca so m ra.
B3. Nhap chuot vao Define Forcast..Khi o mot ca so hien ra cho phep
chung ta nhap vao ten va n v cua bien ket qua hay con goi la bien d
bao (khong nhap vao cung khong sao).
B4. Nhap chuot vao nut OK, sau khi nhap vao ten va n v cua biet ket
qua, hoan tat viec khai bao bien ket qua (bien d bao).

9.2. Chay mo phong

a. Xac nh so lan chay
B1. Nhap chuot vao ch Run tren thanh thc n (thanh Menu). Khi o
mot ca so m ra.
B2. Nhap chuot vao Run Preference.Mot ca so hien ra nh hnh 9.3

Hnh 9.3: Xac nh so lan chay

B3. Go vao so lan muon chay ca so Maximum number of trials. V
du: Go vao so 2000 e Crystal Ball thc hien 2000 lan mo phong.
B4. Nhap chuot vao nut OK.
b. Thc hien lenh chay
B1. Nhap chuot vao ch Run tren thanh thc n (thanh Menu). Khi o
mot ca so m ra.
B2. Tiep tuc nhap chuot vao Run, khi o ca so chay mo phong se hien ra
cung vi cac ket qua cua cac lan chay. Sau khi thc hien u so lan mo
phong, ca so chay mo phong se dng lai.
B3. Nhap chuot vao nut OK e ket thuc qua trnh chay mo phong, ket qua
chay c se hien ra nh hnh 9.4

Hnh 9.4: Ket qua chay mo phong (Dang Bieu o Tan so)

9.3. Xem ket qua chay c

Co nam dang e xem ket qua chay mo phong o la:
Dang Thong ke (Statistics)
Dang Phan tram (Percentiles)
Dang Bieu o Tan so (Frequency Chart)
Dang Bieu o Tch luy (Cumulative Chart)
Dang Bieu o Tch luy Nghch ao (Reverse Cumulative Chart)
Trong nam dang tren, that ra ch co bon dang au tien thong dung, con dang Bieu
o Tch luy Nghch ao t thong dung. Dang Bieu o Tan so la dang mac nhien,
ket qua mo phong cho ra sau khi chay, nh hnh 9.4. e xem cac dang khac, chung
ta co the thc hien nh sau:

a. Xem ket qua dang Thong ke
B1. T ca so Ket qua mo phong (ca so Forcast) nh hnh 9.4, nhap chuot vao
ch View tren thanh thc n. Khi o mot ca so m ra. Trong trng hp
Anh/Ch l tat ca so Ket qua mo phong (ca so Forcast), co the m lai
bang cach nhap chuot vao Run, sau o nhap chuot vao Forcast windows,
cuoi cung la nhap chuot vao Open All Forcarsts.
B2. Nhap chuot vao Statistics, khi o mot ca so Ket qua mo phong di dang
Thong ke se m ra nh hnh 9.5.

Hnh 9.5: Ket qua mo phong dang Thong ke

b. Xem ket qua dang Phan tram
B2. Nhap chuot vao Percentiles, khi o mot ca so Ket qua mo phong di
dang Phan tram se m ra.

c. Xem ket qua dang Bieu o Tan so
B2. Nhap chuot vao Frequency Chart, khi o mot ca so Ket qua mo phong
di dang Bieu o Tan so se m ra nh hnh 9.4.

d. Xem ket qua dang Bieu o Tch luy
B2. Nhap chuot vao Cumulative Chart, khi o mot ca so Ket qua mo phong
di dang Bieu o Tch luy se m ra nh hnh 9.6

Hnh 9.6: Ket qua mo phong dang Bieu o Tch luy

e. Xem Phan tram lo
ch View tren thanh thc n, khi o mot ca so m ra.
B2. Nhap chuot vao Frequency Chart, e xem Ket qua mo phong di dang
Bieu o Tan so nh hnh 9.4.
B3. Nhap chuot vao khung ca so trang (co hien ch +Infinity) ben tay phai
di Bieu o.
B4. Xoa ch +Infinity, va anh vao so zero (so 0).
B5. Go phm Enter, va quan sat thay Bieu o se hien th xac suat am, ong
thi ben di, chnh gia bieu o se co khung Certainty cho ket qua xac
suat am, nh hnh 9.7.

Hnh 9.7: Bieu o hien th xac suat am

Tren hnh 9.7, chung ta co the thay oi gia tr hai khung trang hai ben pha
di bieu o, roi go phm Enter, e Crystal Ball tnh toan xac suat va ve bieu
o cac khoang ma chung ta mong muon.

9.4. Lap bao cao va phan tch

a. Lap bao cao n gian
Mot cach n gian e lap bao cao o la trong qua trnh chung ta thc hien xem
cac dang o th phan tren, nhng bieu o nao chung ta can in ra e bao cao,
chung ta co the thc hien thao tac copy roi sau o dan bieu o va copy c
vao nen Excel, ni se c viet bao cao. Nh vay trong v du tren, chung ta co
the copy bieu o tan so cho xac suat lo (lenh copy: Ctrl + C) trong hnh 9.7 e
dan vao v tr bat ky tren nen Excel (bang lenh Ctrl + V).

b. Lap bao cao theo khuon mau
Trong trng hp chung ta muon in ra tat cac, hay nhieu dang ket qua d bao
cung luc, va muon bao cao ke ca dang phan phoi cua cac bien gia thiet. Khi o
chung ta se thc hien bao cao theo khuon mau.

Thao tac:
B1. Nhap chuot vao ch Run tren thanh thc n, khi o mot ca so m ra.
B2. Nhap chuot vao Create Report, khi o mot ca so nh hnh 9.8 se m ra.
B3. Tren hnh 9.8, nhap chuot o vuong Forcasts, sau o chon cac dang ket qua
d bao muon in ra bao cao.
B4. Tren hnh 9.8, nhap chuot o vuong Assumptions, sau o chon cac thong so
va o th cac bien gia thiet muon in ra bao cao.

Hnh 9.8: Tao Bao cao

9.5. Chay lai bai toan vi cac bie n gia thiet va bien ket qua mi

Trong trng hp, Anh/Ch muon chay lai bai toan vi cac bien gia thiet hay
cac bien ket qua thay oi, chung ta phai xoa bo cac ket qua mo phong chay
trc o, xoa bo cac bien ket qua (bien d bao), va cac bien gia thiet ma chung
ta a khai bao trc o. Sau o mi thc hien khai bao lai cac bien gia thiet va
bien ket qua nh giai oan 1 cua chay mo phong.

Thao tac:
B1. Nhap chuot vao ch Run tren thanh thc n, khi o mot ca so m ra.
B2. Nhap chuot vao Reset e loai bo tat ca cac ket qua d bao trc o a
chay trc o.
B3. Nhap chuot vao ch Cell tren thanh thc n, khi o mot ca so m ra.
B4. Nhap chuot vao Select All Forcasts, e chon tat ca cac bien ket qua.
B5. Nhap chuot vao Clear Assumptions/Forcasts e xoa cac bien ket qua
B6. Nhap chuot vao ch Cell tren thanh thc n, khi o mot ca so m ra.
B7. Nhap chuot vao Select All Assumptions, e chon tat ca cac bien gia thiet.
B8. Nhap chuot vao Clear Assumptions/Forcasts e xoa cac bien gia thiet.
en ay, chung ta a hoan chnh viec xoa cac ket qua d bao, cac bien gia
thiet va bien ket qua, va co the bat au cho mot bai toan mo phong mi, theo
cac giai oan 1,2,3,4.

9.6. a Crystal Ball hien th tren Man hnh Excel.

Trong trng hp may cua cac Anh/Ch cha cai phan mem Crystal Ball
th phai cai vao phan mem Crystal Ball vao may trc khi Anh/Ch muon a
phan mem nay vao man hnh Excel.

Trong trng hp Anh/Ch a cai Crystal Ball, nhng tren man hnh
Excel van khong hien len hai ch View va Run tren thanh thc n, khi o
chung ta thc hien nh sau.

Thao tac:
Cach 1
Cach de nhat e cho Crystal Ball hien th trong Excel la m trc tiep t
Start roi vao Programs, sau o vao Crystal Ball roi chon Crystal Ball.
Crystal Ball se t ong m Excel va them cac nut cong cu cua no vao.
Cach 2
B1. Nhap chuot vao ch Tools tren thanh thc n cua Excel, khi o mot ca
so m ra.
B2. Nhap chuot vao Add-Ins.. khi o mot ca so se hien ra nh hnh 9.9.

Hnh 9.9: Ca so Add-Ins...
B3. Nhap chuot chon khung Crystal Ball tren bang Add-Ins...nh Hnh 9.9.
Trng hp khong thay khung Crystal Ball trong danh sach Add-Ins th
nhan vao nut Browse, sau o tm en v tr cha phan mem Crystal Ball
trong may (thong thng trong C:\>Program Files \ Crystal Ball) roi chon
file CB.xla. Nhan OK.

Hnh 9.10: Ca so Browse

B4. Nhap chuot vao nut OK, khi o tren thanh thc n cua man hnh Excel se
xuat hien hai chc nang cua Crystal Ball la View va Run, va xin mi
Anh/Ch nhap cuoc.


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Chng trnh Giang day Kinh te Fulbright

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