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    The heartbeat originates from within the heart itself and does not rely on nervous stimulation. It is myogenic. The heartbeat is initiated by the sinoatrial node located in the right atrium, which acts as the pacemaker and maintains a constant heart rate of around 70 beats per minute. Stimulation from the sinoatrial node spreads as a wave of excitation through the cardiac muscle at 1 meter per second, causing the atria to contract simultaneously. The impulse then travels to the atrioventricular node and along the bundle of His to the ventricles, causing them to contract from the apex upwards and force blood out of the heart.

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    The heartbeat originates from within the heart itself and does not rely on nervous stimulation. It is myogenic. The heartbeat is initiated by the sinoatrial node located in the right atrium, which acts as the pacemaker and maintains a constant heart rate of around 70 beats per minute. Stimulation from the sinoatrial node spreads as a wave of excitation through the cardiac muscle at 1 meter per second, causing the atria to contract simultaneously. The impulse then travels to the atrioventricular node and along the bundle of His to the ventricles, causing them to contract from the apex upwards and force blood out of the heart.

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    16 views1 page

    IMG5

    Uploaded by

    arefur rahman
    The heartbeat originates from within the heart itself and does not rely on nervous stimulation. It is myogenic. The heartbeat is initiated by the sinoatrial node located in the right atrium, which acts as the pacemaker and maintains a constant heart rate of around 70 beats per minute. Stimulation from the sinoatrial node spreads as a wave of excitation through the cardiac muscle at 1 meter per second, causing the atria to contract simultaneously. The impulse then travels to the atrioventricular node and along the bundle of His to the ventricles, causing them to contract from the apex upwards and force blood out of the heart.

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    of 1

    BiologyNotes- ALeve l

    Control of the Heartbeat


    The hearlhas a massof between2509and 4D0gandwillbeatin excessol 2 billiontimesInan
    average lifetime.The heartconsistsmainlyof CAHDIACi'IUSCLE, a Vpe ol muscleuniqueto
    the heart- it does not {aiigue.The heartbeatis initiatedfromwithinthe head itself,it d,:es not
    relyuponneruousstimulation. lt is saidto he l.{YOGENIC.

    The initialstirnulusfrr a headbealoriginatesin a groul:ul cells knoi,vnas the 5lH0-ATRIAL


    N0DE (SA node).located in the rightatriumwall nearthe enlrancer:fthe vena Eavae.The 3A
    node'c functionis ts maintaina constanlheafi rateof ahr:ut7|1beats per minute.and is kno,uvn
    as the PACEI'IAKER. Howevel the ratecan he alteredby the autonomicneruoussystem,

    How does stimulationfrom the SA node travel through the heart?

    The SA node's stimulation throughthe cnrdiacmuscleat a speed


    spreadsfl lvave uf excitetian
    ol 1 metre per second and Esusesbsth atriato cnntraEtsimultaneously. The atriarnus'lle
    fibresare physicallyseparaledfromlhe ventriclesapart{roma reginnin the rightatriumcalled
    the ATFIO-VEHTRICUIAF lloDE {A-V nocle).The A,-V node is attachedto a bundle
    ':f
    specialisedfibrescalledthe EUHDLEoF Hl5 (ntndified cardiacmusclelibres)whichgive rise
    to finerbranchescalled PUFKIHJEFlBHES.lrnl:ulsesfrnrnthe cnntractedatriatrnvelto theA-"/
    node and thenalongthe 'Bundleof His'.whichlee.dstn the apex (krnttomJ of the heartltrrpulses
    are conductedvery quickly{abnut5 metres per secondJ and causethe cardiacrnusclenl
    to contract{romthe apex upv,tards
    the',rentricles forcingthe l:luod uprir,arr-1s
    and autuf the heart
    via the atteries.The ventriclescontractsimultaneously.

    The HeartlshowingcontrolnetvesJ

    EundleolHie
    Icc'ntaining
    Purhinie
    fibrerl

    Gompiled by KMR - Senior Biology Teacher ESS

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