Prepared By, Sir Asyraf Mansor a.k.

a Sir AM SMKA AL-IRSHAD

4.2 Structure of Atoms

Atoms ??
All matter consists of tiny units called ATOMS. Basic units of all matter. Cannot be seen by our naked eyes or even ordinary microscope because they are extremely tiny.

Subatomic Particles

An atom is made up of particles that are even smaller called subatomic particles.

PROTONS

Subatomic Particles

ELECTRONS

NEUTRONS

WHERE ????
PROTONS and NEUTRONS from the nucleus in the centre of an atom. ELECTRONS move around the nucleus at HIGH SPEED !! The mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.

Comparison between subatomic particles

PROTONS-

Positively charged. ELECTRONS- Negatively charged. NEUTRONS- Neutral (No Charge) NUCLEUS- Positively charged because its contains PROTONS !!

Proton Vs Neutron Vs Electron

Subatomic Particles
SYMBOL CHARGE RELATIVE MASS MASS IN GRAM POSITION IN ATOM

PROTON
p +1 1 1.672 1024 Nucleus

NEUTRON
n 0 1 1.675 1024 Nucleus

ELECTRON
e -1 1/1840 9.107 1028 Move around Nucleus

IONS???
Atoms

or particles which have charge. Produced when the number of protons (positive charge) and the number of electrons (negative charge) are not balanced. Positive Ions: Particles that are positively charged, Negative Ions: Particles that are negatively charged.

Positive Ions
Produced

when the number of protons more than number of electrons. Example: Given that particle A has 11 number of protons and 10 number of electrons. So, +11-10=+1

Negative Ions
Produced

when the number of protons less than number of electrons. Example: Given that particle A has 9 number of protons and 10 number of electrons. So, +9-10=-1

Exercise 4.2
1. 2. 3. 4.

State three types of subatomic particles in an atom. What is the content of nucleus in an atom? What charges are there in protons, electrons and neutrons. Identify the neutral atom, positive and negative ions from the table below:
Particle Number of Protons Number of Electrons Number of Neutrons

A B
C

9 11
14

10 10
14

11 12
15