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Overhead Lines
Overhead Lines
ECE592-20, Spring 2012 (to be strictly used at North Carolina State University, in accompaniment with Electric Power Distribution Handbook by Tom Short; CRC Press, 2004)
Construction types
Construction types
CP&L design from
Construction types
CP&L design
Construction types
Is one type of construction better than the other?
BIL (Basic Impulse Level) CFO (Critical Flashover) Fault tolerance Work methods
Impedance
Aesthetics
Conductor types
Conductor types
Conductor selection
Calculating overhead line impedance (positive sequence; i.e., assumption of balanced 3 phase)
Calculating overhead line impedance: zero sequence (associated with residual neutral current flowtypically for fault calculations)
consider
This involves various environmental and electrical
assumptions
Then we have to factor in line design
Sag & tension tables
qr
radiated heat loss
qs
solar heat gain
I2RTc
ohmic loss (current flow heat gain)
qc
Conductor Resistance
I2RTc
Solar Absorptivity
qs
qr
Conductor Emissivity
addition to solar heat gain, can be dissipated via convection and radiation maximum current limited by:
clearance from neutral, or maximum conductor operating temperature
Ambient Conditions (Carolina Power & Light / Progress Energy Carolinas assumptions)
Ambient Temperature min/max of 0F/104F Latitude 33.3N (southernmost
Elevation
Date and Time Wind Speed
Azimuth of Line
Wind Direction
point on system) 715 ft (highest point on system) June 21 2 ft/s east-to-west or 90 north-to-south or 0
Conductor Properties
Conductor Diameter depends on conductor Conductor Emissivity 0.6 (per long held practice; 0.5 also acceptable) Solar Absorptivity 0.6 (per long held practice; 0.5 also acceptable) Conductor AC Resistance at Operating
Temperature
interpolated based on known AC resistances at
Conductor damage
XLPE cable
Underground cable
Underground cable
Not near as interesting as overhead lines, but
More reliable Not subject to vegetation, squirrels: fault rate is significantly less Faults are generally not temporary, so reclosing not typical More predictable in operation Ampacity is a function of cross-sectional area, insulation type, and ability to dissipate heat (good: direct buryconnection to earth; not so good: conduithaving to dissipate in air) Asset life Failure rate is less, but asset life is perhaps 20-30 years, at which time large sections may need replaced. Overhead systems do not have this problem; conductor can last 50100 years. Repair time