PROBLEM 1.

48
KNOWN: Inner surface heating and new environmental conditions associated with a spherical shell of prescribed dimensions and material. FIND: (a) Governing equation for variation of wall temperature with time. Initial rate of temperature change, (b) Steady-state wall temperature, (c) Effect of convection coefficient on canister temperature. SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Negligible temperature gradients in wall, (2) Constant properties, (3) Uniform, time-independent heat flux at inner surface. PROPERTIES: Table A.1, Stainless Steel, AISI 302: = 8055 kg/m3, c p = 535 J/kgK.

 E   ANALYSIS: (a) Performing an energy balance on the shell at an instant of time, E in out = Est . Identifying relevant processes and solving for dT/dt, 4 dT 2 2 3 3 q i 4 ri h 4 ro ( T T ) = ro ri c p 3 dt dT 3 2 2 q = i ri hro ( T T ) . dt c r 3 r 3

) (
p

Substituting numerical values for the initial condition, find W W 2 3 105 2 ( 0.5m ) 500 2 ( 0.6m )2 ( 500 300 ) K dT m m K = kg J dt i 8055 3 510 m3 ( 0.6 )3 ( 0.5)3 kg K m dT = 0.084 K/s . dt i

<

 = 0, it follows that (b) Under steady-state conditions with E st

2 2 q i 4 ri = h 4 ro ( T T )

) (

2 q 105 W/m 2 0.5m i ri T = T + = 300K + = 439K h ro 500W/m 2 K 0.6m

<

Continued ..

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PROBLEM 1.48 (Cont.)

(c) Parametric calculations were performed using the IHT First Law Model for an Isothermal Hollow Sphere. As shown below, there is a sharp increase in temperature with decreasing values of h < 1000 W/m2K. For T > 380 K, boiling will occur at the canister surface, and for T > 410 K a condition known as film boiling (Chapter 10) will occur. The condition corresponds to a precipitous reduction in h and increase in T.
1000 900 800
Temperature, T(K)

700 600 500 400 300 100 400 800 2000 6000 10000

Convection coefficient, h(W/m^2.K)

Although the canister remains well below the melting point of stainless steel for h = 100 W/m2K, boiling should be avoided, in which case the convection coefficient should be maintained at h > 1000 W/m2K.
COMMENTS: The governing equation of part (a) is a first order, nonhomogenous differential equation

with constant coefficients. Its solution is = ( S/R ) 1 e Rt + i e Rt , where T T ,

2 3 3 2 3 3 S 3q i ri / c p ro ri , R = 3hro / c p ro ri . Note results for t and for S = 0.

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