1

Mixture Composition
Daltons Model Amagats Model
i
i
i
m
n
M
=
Describing mixture composition
1
j
i
i
m m
=
=

1
1
j
fi
i
m
=
=

i
i
n
y
n
=
1
j
i
i
n n
=
=

1
1
j
i
i
y
=
=

1
j
i i
i
M y M
=
=

For Gases:
i
i
n RT
p
V
=
1
j
i
i
p p
=
=

i
i
n RT
V
p
=
1
j
i
i
V V
=
=


Chapter 12
Ideal Gas Mixture and Psychrometric Applications
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2
Ideal Gas Properties for Mixtures
1
j
i i
i
u y u
=
=

1
j
i i
i
h y h
=
=

Evaluated at the
mixture temperature
,
1
j
v i v i
i
c y c
=
=
,
1
j
p i p i
i
c y c
=
=

p
v
c
k
c
=
1
j
i i
i
s y s
=
=

Evaluated at the mixture
temperature, and appropriate
partial pressure, p
i
u Mu =
h Mh = s Ms =
v v
c Mc =
p p
c Mc =
i i i
u M u =
i i i
h M h =
i i i
s M s =
, , v i v i
c Mc =
, , p i p i
c Mc =
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3
Mixture Analysis (non-reacting)
( ) ( )
2 1
1
j
i i
i
i
u y u T u T
=
(
A =

( ) ( )
2 1
1
j
i i
i
i
h y h T h T
=
(
A =

( ) ( )
2 2 1 1
1
, ,
j
i i
i
i
s y s T p s T p
=
(
A =

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4
Ideal Gas Cases
For Ideal Gases using Tables A-22, A-23:
( ) ( )
o o
2
2 1
1
ln i i
p
s s T s T R
p
A =
Assuming Constant Specific Heats:
( )
2 1 v
u c T T A = ( )
, 2 1 i v i
u c T T A =
( )
2 1 p
h c T T A = ( )
, 2 1 i p i
h c T T A =
2 2
1 1
ln ln
p
T p
s c R
T p
A =
2 2
,
1 1
ln ln
i p i
T p
s c R
T p
A =
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5
Psychrometric Principles
Dry air + Water vapor = Moist Air
( )
/
a a
a a
m R M T
p y p
V
= =
( )
/
v v
v v
m R M T
p y p
V
= =
0.622
v v
a v
m p
m p p
e = =

Humidity Ratio
,
v
g
T p
p
p
|
|
=
|
|
.
Relative Humidity
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6
Psychrometric Properties
a v
a
H
h h
m
e = +
( )
v g
h h T ~
Mixture Enthalpy
Water Vapor Enthalpy
( ) ( )
, ln
v v g
s T p s T R | =
Water Vapor Entropy
Dew Point Temperature
Sling Psychrometer picture courtesy of USA Today
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7
Dry Bulb Temp.
Humidity Ratio
e
Relative Humidity
|
ASHRAE Comfort Zone
DRY
HUMID
HOT
COLD
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8
Dehumidification
1 2 w v v m m m
- - -
=
1 2
w
a
m
m
e e
-
-
=
( ) ( )
1 2 2 1 2
r
mix mix f
e i
a
h h h
m
h h
m
e e
-
-

=

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9
Humidification
2 1 w v v m m m
- - -
=
2 1
w
a
m
m
e e
-
-
=
( ) ( )
2 1 2 2 1
0
a
mix mix f
m h h h e e
-
( =

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10
Evaporative Cooling
2 1
w
a
m
m
e e
-
-
=
( ) ( )
2 2 1 2 1 f mix mix
h h h e e =
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11
Adiabatic Mixing
3 1 2 a a a m m m
- - -
= +
1 2
1 2
3
3
a a
mix mix
mix
a
m h m h
h
m
- -
-
+
=
1 2
1 2
3
3
a a
a
m m
m
e e
e
- -
-
+
=
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12
Cooling Towers
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