VNArmy

LI NI U
Trong thi i ngy nay, khoa hc k thut rt l pht trin. Cc cng c h tr ngi lm khoa hc rt nhiu c bit l cng c my tnh. Vic s dng cng c my tnh s s gim thiu c nhng cng vic nng nhc khng cn thit i vi ngi k s ng thi cng c my tnh s cng gim thiu nhng sai s ca tn hiu. ng thi cng c my tnh s cng gip cho ngi s dng c th thun tin trong vic quan st tn hiu ca cc thit b. Hin nay, ghp ni my tnh vi thit b bn ngoi c th dng rt nhiu chun quc t nh GPIB, VXI. Tuy nhin cc chun mc d rt mnh nhng li c nhc im l gi thnh rt ln. Chun ghp ni RS 232 l mt chun ghp ni tuy khng hin i nhng li c gi thnh r. Hn na n l mt chun d s dng v c sn trong thc t. Hu nh thit b no cng c h tr chun RS 232. Ngn ng lp trnh LabVIEW l mt ngn ng h tr mnh trong lnh vc thu thp v x l tn hiu. Thng qua ngn ng lp trnh LabVIEW ngi lm vic c th trnh c nhng cng vic khng cn thit nh t chc h thng. Qua ngi dng c th nng cao c hiu qu cng vic. c s ng vin hng dn ca cc thy gio trong khoa k thut iu khin v c bit l s hng dn, gip tn tnh ca thy gio-tin s khoa hc Nguyn Cng nh chng em mnh dn nhn ti ny vi mong mun gp mt phn cng sc nh b ca mnh vo vic khai thc v tng bc lm ch ngn ng lp trnh ho LabVIEW trong lnh vc o lng-iu khin. ti gii quyt cc vn sau: - Chng 1: K thut lp trnh trn LabVIEW. - Chng 2: Thit b o thng minh HP 34970A. - Chng 3: Xy dng cc bi th nghim trn b th nghim my in. Do hn ch v thi gian v kh nng nn ti cn nhiu vn cn b xung. Em rt mong c s ch bo ca cc thy gio v cc bn hc vin ti c hon chnh hn. Xin chn thnh cm n. Cc tc gi. http://www.dientuvietnam.net 1

VNArmy

Chng 1
GII THIU V NGN NG LP TRNH LABVIEW
1.1. K THUT LP TRNH C BN TRN LABVIEW. I. LabVIEW l g? LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench) l mt mi trng pht trin chng trnh, rt ging mi trng pht trin ca C hay Basic v National Instrument Lab Windows/CVI. LabVIEW khc vi cc ng dng mt im rt quan trng. H thng lp trnh khc s dng ngn ng text-based to cc dng m lnh, trong khi LabVIEW s dng ngn ng lp trnh ho,G, to cc chng trnh di dng s khi. II. Th mnh ca LabVIEW. LabVIEW, ging nh C hay Basic, l mt h thng lp trnh a dng vi cc th vin ln cha cc hm cho bt k nhim v lp trnh no. LabVIEW cng cha cc cng c pht trin chng trnh thng thng nn bn c th t im gy (break point), lm sng ng qu trnh thc hin (highlight excution) xem d liu truyn trong chng trnh nh th no v thc hin tng bc chng trnh tin hnh g ri v pht trin chng trnh d dng hn. LabVIEW cung cp kh nng xy dng nhng chng trnh cho cc h thng khoa hc v k thut. LabVIEW cung cp cho bn mt ngn ng lp trnh linh hot v c tnh kh thi. LabVIEW cung cp cch nhanh hn lp trnh vi cc thit b v cc h thng thu thp d liu. Vi vic dng LabVIEW, bn c gim bt thi gian pht trin h thng v tng hiu sut lm vic. LabVIEW cung cp nhng cng c mnh cho vic ghp ni vi cc cc thit b vt l bn ngoi m khng phi qua phn thit k h thng mt cch phc tp nh trong cc ngn ng khc. LabVIEW l ngn ng lp trnh ho nn rt trc quan v d s dng. LabVIEW cha cc th vin cho vic thu nhn d liu, iu khin thit b GPIB v Serial, phn tch d liu, biu din d liu v ct gi d liu. Vi mt th vin phong ph cho cc h thng iu khin, LabVIEW c th ng dng mnh trong vic lp trnh iu khin h thng. III. Cc thnh phn ca LabVIEW. LabVIEW l mt h thng lp trnh a dng nhng n cn cha cc th vin ca cc hm v cc cng c pht trin c thit k c bit cho vic thu nhn d liu v iu khin thit b. Chng trnh LabVIEW c gi l cc thit b o (Virtual Instrument-VI) bi v s hin th v vn hnh c th lm gi cc thit b thc. Tuy nhin, cc VI tng t nh cc hm ca cc ngn ng lp trnh thng thng. Mt VI bao gm mt giao din vi ngi s dng, mt hnh truyn d liu m phc v nh l m ngun v biu tng kt ni ( icon conection) cho php c th gi c t cc VI cp cao. Chi tit hn cc VI c cu trc nh sau:

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

VNArmy Giao din vi ngi dng ca mt VI c gi l Front Panel bi v n m phng panel ca mt thit b vt l. Front Panel c th bao gm cc nt bm, nt xoay, th v cc b iu khin (control) v ch th (Indicator) VI nhn cc lnh t Block Diagram m bn to nn t ngn ng G. Block Diagram l s gii quyt bng hnh nh cho mt vn lp trnh. Block Diagram cng l m ngun cho VI ca ban. VI c tnh phn cp v modul. Bn c th dng chng nh l nhng VI cp cao hay nh nhng chng trnh con cng vi nhng chng trnh khc. Mt VI c gn vi mt VI khc c gi l subVI. Icon v conector ca mt VI lm vic nh mt danh sch cc tham s ho cc VI khc c th gi d liu n subVI. Vi nhng c im trn, LabVIEW khuyn khch v gn vi khi nim lp trnh modul. Bn chia mt ng dng thnh mt lot cc nhim v con n gin. Xy dng VI hon thnh mi nhim v con v sau t hp nhng VI trn Block Diagram khc hon thnh nhim v ln. Cui cng, VI mc cao nht bao gm mt s tp hp li cc subVI m biu din hm ng dng. V bn c th thc hin mi subVI bi chnh n, ring r vi phn cn li ca ng dng, nn vic g ri c th tr nn d dng hn. Hn na, nhiu subVI cp thp thng thc thi nhng nhim v m chung cho nhiu ng dng nn bn c th pht trin mt tp c bit ca cc subVI cho ng dng m bn xy dng. Phn sau y s gii thch r hn v Front Panel, Block Diagram, icon, conector v cc c im lin quan khc. 1. Front Panel Hnh 1-1 minh ho mt Front Panel trong LabVIEW. Giao din s dng ca mt subVI thng ging giao din s dng ca cc thit b vt l. N c gi l Front Panel.

Hnh 1-1. Front Panel. Front Panel ch yu l mt t hp cc control v indicator. Control m phng cc thit b u vo ca my v cung cp d liu cho Block Diagram. Indicator m phng cc thit b u ra ca my hin th cc d liu thu c hay c pht ra t Block Diagram ca VI. C th t cc control hay indicator ln Front Panel thng qua bng ng Control. http://www.dientuvietnam.net 3

VNArmy 2. Block Diagram. Bn c th chuyn t Front Panel sang Block Diagram bng cch chn Windows>>Show diagram t bng thc n. Ca s Diagram nm gi Block Diagram ca VI l m ngun ho cho VI. Xy dng Block Diagram bng cch ni vi nhau cc i tng gi hay nhn d liu, thc hin cc hm c th, iu khin qu trnh truyn. Phn Diagram th hin nhng i tng chnh ca chng trnh - cc node, cc terminal, cc dy ni. Hnh 1-2 minh ho mt Block Diagram.

Hnh 1-2. Block Diagram. Terminal Cc terminal l cc vng trn mt VI hay cc hm m d liu gi qua . Terminal tng t nh cc tham s trong ngn ng lp trnh text_based. Khi bn t mt control hay indicator ln Front Panel, mt terminal tng ng s to trn Block Diagram. Bn khng th xo mt terminal m thuc mt control hay indicator. Terminal ch bin mt khi bn xo control hay indicator ca n trn Panel. Cc terminal m to ra d liu c tham chiu nh cc terminal ngun d liu v cc terminal m nhn d liu l cc terminal ch d liu. Node (Nt). Node l cc phn t thc hin chng trnh. Chng tng t nh cc cu lnh, cc ton t, cc hm v cc th tc trong cc ngn ng thng thng. G c mt th vin ln ca cc hm ton hc so snh, chuyn i, vo ra v.v... C su kiu node chnh l hm, subVI, cu trc, Code Interface Node (CIN) , node cng thc v Attibute Node. Wire ( Dy ni). Wire l ng dn d liu gia cc terminal ngun v terminal ch. Bn khng th ni mt terminal ngun vi mt terminal ngun cng nh khng c ni mt terminal ch vi mt terminal ch khc. Tuy nhin mt terminal ngun c th ni vi mt vi terminal ch. Mi ng dn c mt kiu v mu ring, ph thuc vo gi tr m truyn qua dy ni. Data flow ( Lung d liu). Data flow l nguyn l m iu khin s thc hin chng trnh ca G. Mt node thc hin khi tt c cc u vo d liu n; node li cung cp d liu tt c cc u ra ca n khi n kt thc vic thc hin; d liu http://www.dientuvietnam.net 4

VNArmy c gi ngay lp tc t ngun ti ch. Data flow tri ngc vi phng thc truyn trong cc ngn ng truyn thng. Trong cc ngn ng , cc lnh c thc hin tun t theo th t m chng c vit 3. Icon v connector. Khi mt icon ca mt VI c dt ln diagram ca mt VI khc, n tr thnh mt subVI. Cc control v indicator ca mt subVI nhn d liu v tr li d liu cho diagram ca VI gi. Connector l mt tp hp cc terminal m tng ng vi cc control v indicator ca subVI. Icon hoc l biu din bng hnh nh mc ch ca VI hoc l s m t vn bn ca VI hay cc terminal ca n. Mi VI u c mt icon mc nh gc phi pha trn ca s Front Panel v Block Diagram. Hnh sau minh ho mt icon mc nh.

Hnh 1-3 Icon mc nh. Tt c cc VI u c connector m c th c truy nhp vo bng cch chn Show connector t menu pop-up icon trn Front Panel. Khi bn gi connector ln u tin, bn s thy mt mu connector. Bn c th chn mu connector khc nu bn mun. Thng thng th connector c mt terminal cho mi control v indicator trn Front Panel nhng bn c th gn ln n 28 terminal. 4. Cc bng ng trong LabVIEW. * Bng Control.

Hnh 1-4. Bng Controls. Bng Control l bng ng ch c i vi Front Panel. t cc control v indicator ln Front Panel c th dng bng Control. Nu bng khng hin c th chn Windows>>Show Control palette hoc l kch chut phi ln mt vng trng trn Front Panel. Hnh 1-4 minh ho bng ng Control. Bng Control gm cc control v indicator sau: - Kiu s hc (hnh 1-5) bao gm cc control v indicator kiu s, kiu slide, kiu rotate, kiu ring http://www.dientuvietnam.net 5

VNArmy - Kiu Boolean (hnh 1-6) m phng cc nt c hai ch nh cc nt bt/tt, cc chuyn mch v m phng cc n LED v cc bng n.

Hnh 1-5. Numeric

Hnh 1-6. Boolean.

- Kiu chui (hnh 1-7) cha cc control, indicator v constant kiu chui. - List v ring (hnh 1-8). - Mng v cluster (hnh 1-9) cha cc v kiu mng v cluster, cc indicator bo li. - Graph v chart (hnh 1-10) cha cc indicator hin th d liu di dng th.

Hnh 1-8. List & Ring - Path v refnum (hnh 1-11). - Active X (hnh 1-12). Hnh 1-7. String

Hnh 1-9. Array Hnh 1-10. Graph & Cluster & Chart.

Hnh 1-12. ActiveX.

Hnh 1-11. Path & Refnum.

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

VNArmy * Bng Functions.

Hnh 1-13. Bng Functions. t cc hm v cc node ca ngn ng lp trnh G ln Block Diagram bn c th chn chng t bng Functions. cho hin bng Functions chn Windows>>Show Function palette. Mt cch khc chn phn t ca bng Functions l bm chut phi ln vng trng trn Block Diagram. Hnh 1-13 minh ho bng Functions trong LabVIEW. Bng Functions cha cc hm v cc node sau: - Numeric (hnh 1-14) cha cc hm lm vic trn cc phn t kiu numeric. Ngoi ra n cn cha cc hng s nh pi, e - Boolean (hnh 1-15) cha cc hm lm vic trn cc phn t kiu boolean nh and, or, xor, not - Cc hm quan h hnh (1-16) nh ln hn, nh hn, bng, khc

Hnh 1-15. Hm logic. Hnh 1-16. Hm quan h. Hnh 1-14. Numeric. - Structure (hnh 1-17) cha cc phn t iu khin lung d liu nh vng for, while, cu trc case, sequence v formula node.

http://www.dientuvietnam.net Hnh 1-17. Structure.

VNArmy Ngoi ra bng Functions cn cha cc hm lm vic trn d liu nh cc hm x l mng (Functions>>Array), x l cluster (Functions>>Cluster), x l chui (Functions>>String), vo ra vi tp (Functions>>I/O File) v cc th vin x l a dng nh th vin x l tn hiu (Functions>>Signal Processing), ton hc (Functions>>Mathematics), vo ra vi thit b (Functions>> Instrument I/O) * Bng Tools.

Hnh 1-18. Bng Tools. Mi cng c trong bng l mt trng thi hot ng c bit ca con tr chut. Cc cng c ny c dng xc nh hot ng xy ra khi kch chut trn Front Panel hay Block Diagram. ly mt cng c, kch chut vo cng c trn bng cng c Tools Palette. Bng cng c c cho c Front Panel v Block Diagram. Nu n ang n th c th cho hin bng cch chn Windows>>Show Tools Palette. Cc cng c trong bng bao gm: Operating tool - thay i gi tr ca control v chn phn vn bn gn vi control. Positioning tool - chn v tr, thay i kch thc v chn i tng. Labeling tool - son tho phn vn bn v to cc label t do. Wiring tool - ni cc i tng vi nhau trn Block Diagram. Object Pop-up Menu tool - m thc n pop-up ca mt i tng. Scroll tool - cun ca s m khng cn thanh cun. Breakpoint tool - t im gy trn cc VI, hm, vng lp, cu trc sequence v case. Probe tool - to cc im d trn cc dy ni. Color Copy tool - sao chp mu dn. Color tool - t mu v mu nn. http://www.dientuvietnam.net 8

VNArmy 5. Cc bc son tho mt VI trong LabVIEW. 1)To giao din s dng. C th to giao din s dng ho trn Front Panel bng cch ly cc control v indicator t bng Control. a) To mt VI mi bng cch chn New VI t hp hi thoi LabVIEW hoc t File>>New. b) t cc control v indicator ln Front Panel to giao din s dng cho chng trnh. 2) To m ngun v chy chng trnh. C th to m ngun cho chng trnh bng cch xy dng Block Diagram cho VI. to cc phn t ca Block Diagram c th dng bng Functions. a) Chuyn t Front Panel sang Block Diagram bng cch chn trong Windows>> Show Diagram. b) Ly cc i tng cn thit t trong bng Functions t ln Block Diagram. c) S dng cng c Wiring tool ni cc phn t trn Block Diagram vi nhau. Vic ny s xc nh data flow ca chng trnh. d) Quay tr li Front Panel v kch chut vo nt Run trn thanh cng c. Vic dng chng trnh c th lp trnh hoc kch vo nt Abort Excution trn thanh cng c. 3) Lu chng trnh vo a. Lu chng trnh vo a bng cch vo mc Save hoc Save as trong thc n File. V d son tho mt VI n gin trong LabVIEW. Bc 1: Thit k giao din s dng. a) M mt VI mi bng cch chn New VI t hp hi thoi hoc chn File>> New VI. b) t cc control v indicator ln Front Panel. - Chn Tank t Control>>Numeric v t ln Front Panel. - nh Volume vo hp label text v kch chut vo bt k u trn Front Panel. - Thay i thang o ca Tank t 0 n 1000 bng cch: + S dng cng c label kch vo 10.00 trn Tank lm ni n. + nh 1000 vo kch v tr bt k trn Front Panel. Thang o s t ng thay i mc tng trung gian. - t Thermometer cng t Control >>Numeric ln Front Panel. t tn n Temp v thay i thang o t 0 n 100.

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

VNArmy By gi giao din s dng ca bn nh hnh 1-19.

Hnh 1-19. Giao din s dng chng trnh. Bc 2: To m ngun cho chng trnh. a) t cc i tng sau ln Block Diagram. Process Monitor (ly t Functions>>Select a VI v vo th mc LabVIEW \Activity) m phng vic c dung tch v nhit t sensor. Random Number (ly t Functions>>Numeric) to ra cc s ngu nhin gia 0 v 1. Hm nhn (ly t Functions>> Numeric) thc hin nhn hai s v tr li kt qu. Chng trnh ny s dng 2 hm nhn. C th to ra 2 hm ny bng cch ly 2 ln t bng hoc sao chp t mt hm v dn to ra Hng s (ly t Functions>>Numeric): to ra 2 ci. S dng cng c label thay i gi tr ca n thnh 10.00. b) S dng cng c Wiring ni cc i tng theo nh s khi hnh 1-20. c) n vo nt Run trn thanh cng c thc hin chng trnh. Quay v Front Panel xem kt qu. V n vo nt Abort Excution dng chng trnh. Bc3: Vo thc n File>>Save as lu chng trnh vi tn Temp & Vol.vi. ng VI chn File>>Close.

http://www.dientuvietnam.net Hnh 1-20. S khi n gin.

10

VNArmy 6. Chng trnh con trong LabVIEW. a) Thit k phn cp. Cc chng trnh con trong LabVIEW cng ging nh cc chng trnh con trong cc ngn ng lp trnh khc. N l mt VI c dng trong Block Diagram ca mt VI khc c gi l subVI. Khi bn to mt subVI l bn ang VI mc cao nht v nh ngha cc u vo v u ra cho ng dng. Sau , cu trc cc subVI thc hin cc hot ng cn thit trn d liu khi n chy trong Block Diagram. Nu mt Block Diagram c mt s lng ln cc biu tng, tp hp chng vo mt VI cp thp Block Diagram n gin hn. S tip cn theo module khin cc ng dng d dng g ri, hiu v bo dng. b) To subVI t VI. gi mt VI t mt Block Diagram ca mt VI khc, trc ht cn phi to biu tng v u ni cho n. * To biu tng ca VI. M VI m s to thnh subVI cho VI khc. to biu tng ca VI cn cho hin ca s Icon Editor. C th gi ca s ny bng cch kch p chut vo biu tng gc bn phi hoc kch chut phi v chn mc Edit Icon... Khi ca s s hin ln nh hnh 1-21.

Hnh 1-21. Ca s Edit Icon. S dng cc cng c bn tri biu tng to biu tng theo mun. C th chn OK lu biu tng v quay v Front Panel hay Cancel quay v Front Panel m khng lu bt c thay i no. * Chn mu u ni.

Hnh 1-22. Thc n Pattern. http://www.dientuvietnam.net

11

VNArmy c th nhn hay truyn d liu bn cn phi c cc conector. LabVIEW c rt nhiu mu conector m c th chn bng cch pop-up trn conector v chn Paterns t thc n pop-up s c mt bng cc mu ca conector nh hnh 1-22. Nu mun thm mt terminal vo mu, a con tr n ch mun thm, pop-up v chn Add Terminal. Nu mun b mt terminal, pop-up trn terminal mun b v chn Remove Terminal. Nu mun thay i s sp xp khng gian th c th chn mt trong cc lnh sau: Flip Horizontal, Flip Vertical hoc Rotage 90 degrees. * Gn cc terminal cho cc control v indicator. Bc 1: Kch chut vo mt terminal ca conector. Cng c t ng chuyn thnh cng c Wire. Terminal chuyn thnh mu en. Bc 2: Kch chut vo control hay indicator trn Front Panel tng ng vi terminal chn bc trc. Mt ng nt t chuyn ng bao quanh control hay indicator (nh hnh 1-23) bo rng n ang c chn.

Hnh 1-23. Chn indicator cho subVI. Bc 3: Kch chut vo mt vng trng trn Front Panel. Terminal c chn chuyn thnh mu theo kiu d liu ca control hay indicator c ni thng bo rng terminal c gn, nu terminal l mu trng tc l ni sai. Bc 4: Lp li bc 1 v 2 vi cc control v indicator bn mun ni. c) To cc subVI t mt phn ca VI. C th chuyn i mt phn ca mt VI thnh mt SubVI gi t VI khc. Chn mt phn ca VI v chn Edit>>Creat SubVI. Cc control v indicator c t ng to cho SubVI mi, SubVI c t ng ni vi cc dy ni ang c v mt biu tng thay th cho phn c chn ca Block Diagram ca VI gc. To mt SubVI t mt phn ca VI ging nh vic b mt phn ca SubVI v thay th bng mt SubVI ngoi tr cc hot ng sau: - Khng mt terminal ca Front Panel no m c cha trong phn b b i khi VI gi. Thay vo , cc terminal c gi li v c ni vi SubVI. - Tt c cc thuc tnh trong phn chn gi li trong VI gi v c ni vi SubVI. Nhng thuc tnh c chn b thay th bi cc terminal ca Front Panel trong SubVI m biu din nh cc knh cho vic truyn gi tr ca mt thuc tnh, bn trong hoc ngoi ca SubVI. - Khi phn chn cha mt bin a phng,n c thay th bi terminal ca Front Panel trong SubVI. Bin a phng c gi li trn VI gi v http://www.dientuvietnam.net 12

VNArmy c ni vi SubVI. Khi c nhiu hn mt trng hp ca cc bin a phng ging nhau, trng hp u tr thnh terminal ca Front Panel v phn cn li tr thnh bin a phng trong SubVI. Ch c mt trng hp ca bin a phng c gi li trn VI gi cn phn cn li b b i v c chuyn n SubVI. - Bi cc bin a phng c th c c v ghi t mt terminal ca Front Panel, khi cc trng hp ca cc bin a phng c c v ghi c chn, hai i tng ca Front Panel c to - mt gi gi tr ca bin a phng vo SubVI, mt gi gi tr ca bin a phng ra khi SubVI. Cc terminal ca Front Panel c to biu din bin a phng c (ghi) s c hu t read (write) thm vo tn ca n. 7. Thc hin g ri trong LabVIEW. Mt VI khng th bin dch hoc chy nu n b gy. Bnh thng, VI b gy trong khi ang to hoc son n cho ti khi ni tt c cc biu tng trong Block Diagram. Nu n b gy khi hon thn, th chn Remove Bad Wires t thc n Edit. Thng thng vic ny sa cha mt VI gy. Khi VI khng th thc hin c, mt mi tn gy hin ln thay cho nt Run. lit k cc li, kch chut vo nt Run gy. Kch vo mt trong cc li c lit k v sau kch vo Find hin i tng hoc terminal m thng bo li. Khi VI thc hin thanh cng c s nh hnh trn. Vi mc ch g ri, bn c th mun thc hin Block Diagram tng node mt. Vic ny gi l single-stepping. cho kh nng chy tng bc, kch vo nt StepInfo hay StepOver. Nu node l mt cu trc hoc VI th c th chn StepOver thc hin node nhng khng thc hin tng bc qua node. thc hin tng bc qua node l cu trc hay SubVI chn nt StepInfo. Vic thc hin tng bc thng i vi vic s dng Highlight Excution quan st s chy ca d liu trong Block Diagram. S dng Highlight Excution bng cch kch chut vo nt Highlight Excution. S dng Highlight Excution khin cho VI trng sng ng hn. Mt cch na xem d liu trong Block Diagram l s dng im d (Probe). C th t im d dy ni u ra ca mt node nh cng c Probe trong bng cng c Tools hoc kch chut phi trn dy ni ti im mun t im d v chn Probe t thc n pop-up. IV. Cc cu trc trong LabVIEW. Cu trc l cc phn t iu khin chng trnh. Cc cu trc iu khin dng d liu ca mt VI. G c nm cu trc: While loop, For loop, Case, Sequence v Formula Node. 1. Vng While. Vng While l mt cu trc m lp li mt phn ca m cho ti khi mt iu kin c gp. N c th tng ng nh vng Do-While hoc Repeat Until trong cc ngn ng lp trnh truyn thng. Vng While l mt hp c kch thc thay i c. N thc hin on m trong n cho ti khi gi tr kiu Boolean c gi n terminal iu kin (mt terminal u vo) l False. VI http://www.dientuvietnam.net 13

VNArmy kim tra iu kin cui mi ln lp, do vng While lun thc hin t nht mt ln. Terminal ln lp l mt terminal u ra, n gi ra s ln vng lp thc. Tuy nhin vng lp lun c m t 0 nn nu vng lp ch thc hin mt ln, u terminal lp li s xut ra gi tr 0.

Hnh 1-24.Vng While. Vng While tng ng on gi m sau: Do Execute Diagram inside the Loop (which sets the condition) While Condition is true. t vng While ln Block Diagram vo Function>>Structures. Vng While khng t ln Block Diagram ngay m thay vo ta c th t v tr v thay i kch thc ca n. thc hin, kch chut vo khu vc pha trn bn tri ca nhng terminal m ta mun t trong vng. Sau ko chut n bao cc terminal v th ra. Nu mun t mt i tng vo trong vng While th phi ko i tng vo vng While ch khng c ko vng While ln i tng. y cng l nguyn tc chung i vi cc structure trong LabVIEW. * Thanh ghi dch. Thanh ghi dch (c sn i vi vng While v For) chuyn cc gi tr t mt ln lp n ln lp k tip. C th to thanh ghi dch bng cch pop-up trn vin tri hoc phi ca vng lp v chn Add Shift Register. Thanh ghi dch bao gm mt cp terminal i din nhau trn mt ng ca vin vng lp. Terminal bn phi lu tr gi liu khi hon thnh mt ln lp. D liu dch chuyn n cui mi ln lp v chuyn sang terminal tri u ca ln lp k tip. Mi thanh ghi dch c th lu tr bt k kiu d liu no. Thanh ghi dch t ng thch ng vi kiu d liu ca i tng u tin ni vo thanh ghi dch. Hnh 2-25 minh ho cch dng thanh ghi dch trong vng lp.

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

14

VNArmy thm thanh ghi dch, kch chut phi vo terminal bn phi hoc tri v chn Add Element.
Trc khi bt u vng lp Gi tr ban u Ln lp u tin Gi tr ban u Gi tr mi

Ln lp tip theo Gi tr trc Gi tr mi

Ln lp cui cng Gi tr trc Gi tr mi Gi tr mi

Hnh 1-25. Cch dng thanh ghi dch trong vng lp 2. Vng For.

Hnh 1-26. Vng lp For Vng For cng thc hin lp mt on m nh vng While nhng s ln lp li c xc nh trc. Vng For cng ging nh vng For trong cc ngn ng lp trnh truyn thng. N tng ng vi on gi m sau: For i=1 to N-1 Excute Diagram inside The Loop. Theo th vng For gm 2 terminal nh minh ho hnh 1-26. Trong : Count terminal l mt terminal vo xc nh s ln lp. Iteration terminal l terminal ra, m s ln php lp thc hin. t vng For ln Block Diagram cng thc hin nh vng While. 3. Case & Sequence Structure. Cu trc Case v Sequence c th c hai hoc nhiu hnh con (subdiagram) m ch mt trong s chng thc hin khi cu trc thc hin. Ti nh ca vin mi cu trc c mt ca s biu din subdiagram. Ca s ny gm mt mc nhn dng hnh (diagram identifier) gia v cc nt tng gim mi cnh. i vi cu trc Case, phn diagram identifier l mt danh sch cc http://www.dientuvietnam.net 15

VNArmy gi tr chn subdiagram, cn vi Sequence l s khung theo trnh t (0 n n-1). Hnh 1-27 minh ho cu trc Case v Sequence.

Hnh 1-27. Cu trc Case v Sequence a) Cu trc Case.

Selection Terminal (Selector) Hnh 1-28. Cu trc Case

Cu trc Case c hai hoc nhiu subdiagram (cc case) m ch c mt case thc hin. iu ny ph thuc vo gi tr ca kiu d liu c ni vo cnh ngoi ca terminal la chn hay cn gi l selector. Hnh 1-28 minh ho mt cu trc Case. Vi cu trc Case bn c th thc hin: - Ch nh danh sch hoc dy ca cc gi tr selector tng ng vi mi case. - S dng mt s nguyn, mt s Boolean, mt chui hay mt kiu nh ngha nh mt selector. - Ch nh mt case mc nh (hoc hot ng). - Sp cc case theo gi tr selector u tin. tham kho v cu trc Case c th tham kho Online help ca n. b) Cu trc Sequence. Cu trc Sequence trng ging mt khung phim thc hin cc subdiagram hay cc khung (frame) bn trong n mt cch tun t. Trong cc ngn ng lp trnh truyn thng, cc lnh c thc hin theo th t c vit ra nhng trong LabVIEW chng trnh c thc hin theo nguyn tc dataflow tc l cc node s thc hin khi tt c cc u vo ca n sn sng. Tuy nhin thnh thong, vn cn phi thc hin mt node trc mt node khc. iu khin vic ny G s dng cu trc Sequence nh mt phng thc thc hin cc node theo th t. Trong cu trc ny G s thc hin cc node trong s ca frame 0 ri n frame1, c th cho ti frame cui cng th d liu mi c gi ra ngoi.

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

16

VNArmy thm frame vo cu trc, kch chut phi vo vin ca frame v chn Add Frame After hoc Add Frame Before. Hnh 1-29 minh ho cu trc Sequence.

Hnh 1-29. Cu trc Sequence gi d liu t frame ny sang frame sau n c th s dng Sequence Local. to Sequence Local kch chut phi vo vin ca frame v chn Add Sequence Local. 4. Formula node. Hnh 1-30 minh ho mt node cng thc trong LabVIEW. Vi node cng thc, ta c th nhp vo mt hay nhiu cng thc n gin hay phc tp thay v to nhng s con cng knh. nhp cng thc vo s dng Label tool. Cn ch rng cui mi cng thc phi c du chm phy (;). to cc u vo hay u ra cho node cng thc, kch chut phi vo bin ca node v chn Add Input hoc Add Ouput v nh tn bin vo. Cc bin phn bit ch thng vi ch hoa.
y= 4 *x^ 2 + 3 *x+ 1 ; x

y=x^2+x+1;

Hnh 1-30. Formula Node.

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

17

VNArmy V d v s dng cu trc.

Hnh 1-31. Hnh 1-31 minh ho Front Panel v Block Diagram ca mt chng trnh s dng cc phn t iu khin lung trong LabVIEW. IV. Mng. 1. Khi nim chung. Mng l tp hp ca cc phn t d liu c cng kiu. Mng c kch thc c th thay i. Mng c th c mt hoc nhiu chiu v ln n 231-1 phn t mi chiu. C th truy cp vo mi phn t qua ch s ca n. Ch s ca cc phn t trong mng t 0 n n-1 vi n l s phn t ca mng. Phn t u tin ca mng c ch s 0, phn t th 2 c ch s 1

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

18

VNArmy 2. To cc mng. C th to mng ca cc control hay indicator trn Front Panel bng cch ly v mng t Control >>Array & Cluster t ln Front Panel. Sau chn i tng cn to mng (chng hn kiu Boolean) t vo trong v mng. Khi s to ra mng ca cc i tng kiu Boolean. Tng t nu ta chn v mng trong Functions >> Array ri t i tng vo ta cng c th to ra mng cc hng s theo kiu va chn trn Block Diagram. 3. T ng ghi ch mc. Cc vng lp For v While c th ghi ch mc v tch lu cc mng bin ca n mt cch t ng. Kh nng tch lu ny c gi l auto-indexing. Khi cho php kh nng ny v ni mt mng hoc mt chiu bt k ca mng vo ng hm u vo bin vng lp th cc thnh phn ca mng np vo vng lp mi ln mt thnh phn, bt u t thnh phn u tin. Vng lp t ch mc cho cc phn t v hng t mng mt chiu v mng mt chiu t mng hai chiu. Tng t nh i vi ng hm u ra, vng lp s tch lu cc phn t vo mng mt chiu v mng mt chiu vo mng hai chiu 4. S dng cc hm x l mng. G c nhiu hm thc hin trn mng c t trong Functions>>Array. Sau y s gii thiu mt s hm thng dng. a) Build Array. Hm Build Array c mt hay nhiu u vo v mt u ra. Trong , u vo c th l kiu mng hay v hng. Hm Build Array gn cc mng array v phn t element u vo ca hm theo th t t trn xung thnh mng array with appended element(s). to mng c n chiu th cc u vo array phi c cng n chiu v cc phn t element phi c n-1 chiu. b) Initialize Array.

To mng n chiu trong cc phn t ca mng c cng gi tr ca u vo element v chiu th i c s phn t l dimention i-1. c) Array Size. Hm Array Size tr li s phn t trong mi chiu ca mng. d) Array Subset.

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

19

VNArmy Hm Array Subset c dng trch ra mt phn ca mng hoc ma trn. Hm ny s tr li mt phn ca mng bt u t v tr index v bao gm length phn t. Ch rng ch mc ca mng bt u t 0. e) Index Array.

Hm Index Array s dng truy nhp vo phn t ca mng. Hm ny cn c s dng ct mng nhiu chiu thnh mt mng con ca mng gc. ct mng thc hin theo cc bc sau: - Ko hm Index Array n cha thm cc u vo index. S cc u vo ny bng vi s chiu ca mng u vo. - S cc chiu ca phn ly ra bng vi s cc u vo index ch Disable Indexing. Mun chn Disable Indexing th kch chut phi vo u vo index v chn Disable Indexing t thc n pop-up. V d, mun ly ra phn t v hng th khng chn cho u vo index no, mun ly ra mng mt chiu th cho mt u vo index ch Disable Indexing, mun ly ra mng hai chiu th cho hai u vo index ch Disable Indexing - Cc u vo index cn li c ni vi gi tr s xc nh gi tr ca chiu cn ly ra. V d i vi mng 2 chiu nu ni u vo ny vi 2 th s ly ra c mng 1 chiu l ct hoc hng tu vo u vo ch Disable Indexing l th nht hay th hai. tham kho thm v cc hm x l mng xem thm trong Online Help ca n. V d v s dng mng.

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

Hnh 1-32

20

VNArmy Hnh 1-32 minh ho v vic s dng mng v cc hm x l mng trong LabVIEW. Hm Build Array xy dng mt mng 3 chiu t 3 mng 2 chiu. Hm Index Array ly mng 2 chiu ra t mng 3 chiu. V. Cluster. 1.Khi nim chung. Cluster l mt kiu d liu m c th bao gm cc phn t c kiu d liu khc nhau. Khi dng cluster, subVI yu cu s u ni t hn. Kiu d liu cluster c th so snh nh kiu bn ghi trong Pascal v kiu cu trc trong C. Khc vi mng, cluster c kch thc khng i. Cng ging nh mng, cluster cng c th l control hay indicator nhng cluster khng th cha c control v indicator. Hai cluster ch c th ni vi nhau khi cc phn t tng ng c cng kiu. Hai phn t tng ng l hai phn t c cng th t trong cluster. 2. To cluster. to cluster vo Control>>Array & Cluster v t v cluster ln Front Panel. Sau t cc phn t vo cluster nh i vi mng. Th t t phn t vo cluster s qui nh th t ca phn t trong cluster. Nu mun thay i th t ca cluster, kch chut phi vo cluster v chn Cluster Order trong thc n pop-up ca n. 3. Cc hm x l i vi Cluster. lp rp cluster c 3 hm l:Bundle v Bundle By Name lp rp cluster t nhng phn t ring bit cn Array To Cluster chuyn mng thanh cluster. Tng ng vi cc hm ny l 3 hm tho r cluster l: Unbundle v Unbundle By Name tho cluster thnh cc phn t ring bit cn Cluster To Array chuyn cluster ca cc phn t cng kiu thnh mng. C th truy cp vo cc hm ny t Functions >> Cluster. C th tham kho thm v cc hm ca cluster trong Online Help ca n. VI. Graph v Chart. 1. Khi nim chung. Graph l mt th hin hai chiu ca mt hay nhiu th. Graph nhn d liu theo khi. Chart cng th hin cc th nhng chart nhn v cp nht d liu t im ti im hay mng ti mng, gi li mt cht cc im trc trong vng m vi mc ch biu din. C 3 loi graph v 2 loi chart trong Controls >> Graph l: Waveform Graph, XY Graph, Intensity Graph v Waveform Chart, Intensity Chart. 2. Waveform Graph v XY Graph. Waveform Graph biu din cc gi tr c ly mu nh nhau. XY Graph c th biu din bt k tp cc im no d n c c ly mu nh nhau khng. Waveform Graph ch v c cc hm n tr vi cc im c phn b nh nhau dc theo trc x. XY Graph c th v c cc hm a tr. v c th th bn phi c kiu d liu ring cho mi th. a) V th n. * Cc kiu d liu cho Waveform Graph. http://www.dientuvietnam.net 21

VNArmy C 2 kiu d liu cho Waveform Graph l: 1) D liu kiu mng ca cc gi tr. Graph s i x nh cc im v tng ln 1 bt u t x=0. 2) D liu l mt cluster gm mt gi tr khi to x0, gi tr x v mt mng d liu y. * Cc kiu d liu cho XY Graph. C 2 kiu d liu cho XY Graph l: 1) D liu l mt cluster cha mt mng d liu x v mt mng d liu y. 2) D liu l mt mng cc im m mi im l mt cluster ca x v y. b) V nhiu th. * Cc kiu d liu cho Waveform Graph. C 5 kiu d liu cho Waveform Graph l: 1) Kiu d liu l mt mng hai chiu m mi hng l mt th nh trong trng hp v n th. chuyn thnh mi ct biu din mt th c th chn Transpose Array trong thc n pop-up ca graph. 2) D liu l mt cluster ca mt gi tr khi to x, mt gi tr x v mt mng 2 chiu y. 3) Kiu d liu th 3 l mt mng ca cc cluster. Cc cluster ny cha mt mng d liu y. Mng bn trong m t cc im trong mt th cn mng bn ngoi cha mi phn t ng vi mt th. Kiu d liu ny rt hu dng khi s lng cc phn t trong mi th l khc nhau. 4) Kiu d liu th 4 l mt cluster ca mt gi tr x, mt gi tr x v mt mng cluster ca mng d liu y. 5) Kiu d liu th 5 l mt mng ca cc cluster. Mi cluster gm c mt gi tr x, mt gi tr x v mt mng d liu y. * Kiu d liu cho XY Graph. C 2 kiu d liu cho XY Graph l: 1) Mng cc cluster cha cc th m mi th l mng ca cc im. Mi im l 1 cluster cha mt gi tr x v mt gi tr y. 2) Mng cc cluster cha cc th m mi th l mt cluster ca mt mng x v mt mng y. 3. Waveform Chart. Chart khc vi graph ch n gi li cc gi tr c, ln n mt gi tr m ta c th xc nh. Gi tr mi c gn thm vo vi gi tr c bn c th thy c gi tr mi trong mch vi gi tr trc . * Kiu d liu ca Waveform Chart. C th gi cho chart mt gi tr hay nhiu gi tr cng lc. Chart s qun l mi gi tr nh mt phn ca dng sng cch u, vi mi im cch im trc mt im theo trc x. C th gi mt gi tr v hng hay mt mng cho th n. Chart s i x vi chng nh gi tr mi cho th n. http://www.dientuvietnam.net 22

VNArmy C nhiu cch gi d liu cho a th. C th gi qua mt hay mt mng cluster ca cc s v hng m mi s biu din mt im trn th. Cng c th gi mt mng 2 chiu cho chart trong mi hng s cp nht cho mt th. C th cho mi ct s cp nht cho mt th bng cch chn Transpose Array t thc n pop-up ca chart. 4. Intensity Chart v Intensity Graph. LabVIEW c hai cch biu din cc mng d liu 3 chiu: Intensity Graph v Intensity Chart. C hai th ny cng chp nhn mng 2 chiu ca cc s m mi s c gn vi mt mu. V d v s dng graph v chart.

Hnh 1-33. Hnh 1-33 minh ho vic s dng graph v chart trong LabVIEW. Chng trnh gi cho chart tng gi tr mt v gi d liu cho graph theo kiu cluster ca phn t khi to X0, Delta X v mng d liu Y. VII. Chui. 1. Khi nim chung. http://www.dientuvietnam.net 23

VNArmy Chui l mt tp cc k t ASCII. Chui c ng dng rt rng ri. Trong iu khin thit b, c th gi d liu i nh mt chui k t v sau li chuyn cc chui nhn v thnh cc s. Khi lu tr gi liu trc tin phi chuyn d liu thnh cc chui sau lu vo tp ASCII. 2. To cc control v indicator kiu chui. C th to cc control v indicator kiu chui t Control >> String & Table. nhp hay thay i vn bn bn trong control kiu chui bng Operating Tool hay Label Tool. tit kim khng gian, ta c th cho chui hin thanh scrollbar bng cch chn Show >> Scrollbar trong thc n pop-up ca n. Bnh thng mc ny b m. cho n hin ln c th s dng Positioning Tool ko di control hay indicator ra. 3. Cc hm x l chui. a)Hm Format Into String.

Hm Format Into String chuyn i cc tham s u vo thnh chui result string vi vic nh dng n theo tham s format string. Tham s nh dng c th tham kho trong Online help. b) Hm String Length.

Hm ny tr li s k t ca chui string trong length. c) Hm String Subset.

Hm String Subset tr li chui substring c ct ra t chui string bt u t offset v cha length k t. Offset i vi k t u tin l 0. d) Hm Scan From String.

Hm ny qut input string v chuyn i theo tham s nh dng format string.

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

24

VNArmy V d v vic s dng string trong LabVIEW.

Hnh1-34 VIII. Tp. 1. Khi nim chung. Cc hm vo ra tp trong G (Functions>>File I/O) l cc cng c mnh v linh hot lm vic vi cc tp. Cng vi vic c v ghi d liu, hm vo ra tp trong LabVIEW c th di chuyn v i tn cc tp v cc th mc, to cc tp kiu bng biu ASCII, c th c v ghi d liu kiu nh phn tng tc v nn ti thiu. C 3 loi tp khc nhau trong LabVIEW: - ASCII Byte Stream - Nn lu tr d liu dng ASCII khi mun truy cp n t gi phn mm khc nh x l t hoc chng trnh bng biu. lu d liu dng ny cn phi chuyn i tt c d liu thnh chui ASCII. - Tp Datalog - Nhng tp ny dng nh phn m ch G mi c th truy nhp c. Datalog tng t nh cc tp c s d liu v c th ct nhiu kiu d liu khc nhau vo mt bn ghi ca tp. - Binary Byte Stream - Nhng tp kiu ny l phng thc lu tr d liu nn cht nht v nhanh nht. Cn chuyn i d liu thnh dng chui nh phn v phi bit chnh xc kiu d liu no ang c s dng lu tr vo hay phc hi li t tp. 2. Cc hm vo ra tp. Hu ht cc hot ng vo ra tp bao gm 3 bc c bn: m mt tp ang c hoc to tp mi; ghi vo hoc c ra t tp; ng tp. Do LabVIEW http://www.dientuvietnam.net 25

VNArmy bao gm nhiu VI tin ch trong Functions>>File I/O. Phn ny s m t cc tin ch mc cao. Nhng hm ny c xy dng trn cc VI mc trung gian m kt hp cht ch vic kim tra v iu khin li vi cc hm vo ra tp. a) Write Characters To File VI.

VI ny ghi mt chui k t character string vo mt tp kiu byte stream mi hoc ni thm chui vo mt tp ang c. VI ny m hoc to tp, ghi d liu v sau ng tp. b) Read Characters From File VI.

VI ny c mt lng k t t mt tp kiu byte stream bt u t c ly xc nh. VI ny m hoc to tp v sau ng tp. c) Read Lines From File VI.

VI ny c mt lng xc nh cc dng t mt tp kiu byte stream bt u t c ly xc nh. VI ny m hoc to tp v sau ng tp. d) Write To Spreadsheet File VI.

Chuyn i mt mng 1 hoc 2 chiu ca cc s chnh xc n thnh chui vn bn v ghi chui vo tp kiu byte stream hoc ni thm vo tp c. C th chuyn v d liu tu . VI ny m hoc to tp v sau ng tp. C th dng VI ny to mt tp vn bn c th c bi hu ht cc chng trnh bng tnh. e) Read From Spreadsheet File VI.

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

26

VNArmy c mt lng xc nh cc dng hoc ct t mt tp vn bn kiu s c ly xc nh v chuyn d liu thnh mng 2 chiu kiu s chnh xc n. C th chuyn v d liu tu . VI ny m tp trc khi c v sau ng tp. C th dng VI ny c tp bng biu lu di dng vn bn. V d v s dng tp trong LabVIEW. Trong v d c s dng hm Write Spreadsheet File ghi mt mng 2 chiu sang mt tp m c th truy nhp bi cc chng trnh bng tnh nh Excel chng hn. Vic ny cng to iu kin cho LabVIEW giao tip vi ngn ng khc. Hnh 1-35 minh ho Front Panel v Block Diagram ca chng trnh.

Hnh 1-35.

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

27

VNArmy 1.2.LP TRNH NNG CAO TRN LABVIEW. I. Bin i Fourier ri rc. 1. Khi nim chung. Khi ly mu tn hiu, cc mu ca tn hiu to thnh s biu din min thi gian ca tn hiu. S biu din ny a ra cc bin ca tn hiu cc khong thi gian n c ly mu. Tuy nhin, trong nhiu trng hp ta li quan tm n tn s ca tn hiu hn l bin ca cc mu. S biu din tn hiu theo tn s c gi l s biu din theo min tn s ca tn hiu. S biu din min tn s c th cho bit bn cht bn trong ca tn hiu v h thng to ra tn hiu. chuyn cc mu d liu t min thi gian sang min tn s c th dng thut ton bin i Furier ri rc - Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). Thut ton DFT thit lp mi lin quan gia cc mu ca mt tn hiu trong min thi gian v s biu din ca chng trong min tn s. Thut ton DFT c ng dng rng ri trong phn tch ph, c hc ng dng, vin thng Bin i Fourier nhanh. Thut ton DFT x l N mu vi phc tp thut ton xp x N2. Nu N l mt s lu tha ca 2 (N=2m) th phc tp thut ton xp x NlnN. Nh vy thut ton DFT c th tnh nhanh hn v gi l bin i nhanh Fourier - Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). u im ca thut ton FFT l tc v b nh v n c th tnh FFT trc tip tc l khng phi c thm b nh m. Tuy nhin, n ch p dng c khi di ca dy l lu tha ca 2. Thut ton DFT c th p dng vi dy c di bt k nhng n li chm hn v dng nhiu b nh hn v phi cp pht b m ph lu cc kt qu trung gian trong qu trnh thc hin. Mt k thut thng c dng lm u vo c s phn t l lu tha ca 2 l thm cc im 0 vo cui ca dy u vo. Vic thm vo ny khng lm nh hng n ph ca tn hiu. Th vin phn tch ca LabVIEW c 2 VI tnh FFT ca tn hiu l Real FFT VI v Complex FFT VI. Trong , Real FFT VI tnh FFT ca tn hiu thc cn Complex FFT VI tnh gi tr ca tn hiu phc. 2. Cc VI x l tn hiu. a)Cc VI min tn s. Hnh 2-1 minh ho cc VI min tn s. ly cc VI min tn s c th truy nhp vo Functions>>Signal Processing>>Frequency Domain. Cc VI min tn s gm c: Buneman Frequency Estimator, Power Spectrum, Cross Power, Complex FFT, Real FFT, Inverse Real FFT, Inverse Complex FFT, STFT Spectrogram, Fast Hilbert Transform, Inverse Fast Hilbert Transform Unevenly Sampled Signal Spectrum, FHT, Inverse FHT,Walsh Hadamard,Walsh Hadamard Inverse, WVD Spectrogram, Laplace Transform Real, Wavelet Transform Daubechies4, Wavelet Transform Daubechies4 Inverse. http://www.dientuvietnam.net 28

VNArmy tham kho thm v cc VI ny c th xem thm trong Help Online ca chng.

Hnh 2-1. Cc VI min tn s.

Hnh2-2. Cc VI min thi gian.

b) Cc VI min thi gian. Hnh 2-2 minh ho cc VI min thi gian. truy cp vo cc VI ny vo Functions>>Signal Processing>>Time Domain. Cc VI min thi gian gm c:AutoCorrelation, Convolution, CrossCorrelation, Decimate, Deconvolution, Derivative x(t), Integral x(t), Unwrap Phase, Y[i] = Clip, {X[i]}, Y[i] = X[i-n], Zero Padder. II. Cc b lc s- Digital Filter. 1. Gii thiu v cc b lc s. Cc b lc tng t l mt phn quan trong trong khi thit k mch. Cc cng c ly mu v x l tn hiu s hin i khin n c th c thay th bng cc b lc s trong cc ng dng i hi s linh hot v lp trnh c. Cc b lc s tin tin hn nhng b lc tng t cc im sau: - Chng l cc phn mm c th lp trnh. - Chng n nh v c th d on c. - Chng khng b tri bi nhit v m v khng yu cu phi c cc thnh phn chnh xc. 2. Cc b lc IIR v FIR. S phn bit gia IIR v FIR l da trn p ng xung ca n. Cc b lc IIR l cc b lc c p ng xung v hn cn cc b lc FIR c p ng xung hu hn. p ng xung l hu hn hay v hn l da vo cch tnh ton u ra. Cc b lc FIR c u ra ch ph thuc vo gi tr u vo hin ti cn IIR th khng nhng ph thuc vo u vo hin ti m cn ph thuc vo cc u ra trc . V vy b lc IIR cn gi l cc b lc qui cn FIR l cc b lc khng qui. Nhc im ca cc b lc IIR l p ng pha ca chng l phi tuyn. Nu ng dng khng yu cu thng tin v pha th c th dng IIR. a) B lc IIR. B lc IIR l cc b lc c p ng xung v l thuyt l v hn. Phng trnh sai phn ca chng c dng nh sau: http://www.dientuvietnam.net 29

VNArmy

N 1 N 1 a 1 b yi = b x a y j i j k i k a 0 j =0 k =1

(*)

B lc IIR trong LabVIEW c cc c im sau:

- Cc ch s m m l kt qu ca phng trnh (*) c gi s bng 0 ln u gi VI. - V trng thi khi to c gi thit bng 0 (vi cc ch s m) nn qu trnh qu din ra trc khi b lc n nh s t l vi bc (order) ca b lc. S tn ti ca p ng qu hay thi gian gi chm (Delay) i vi cc b lc thng cao v thng thp bng vi bc b lc (Delay=order). - Thi gian tn ti ca qu trnh qu i vi b lc di thng v di chn bng 2 ln bc ca b lc (Delay=2*order). - C th loi b p ng qu ln gi k tip bng cch t b nh trng thi hot ng. thc hin t init/cont control ca VI bng TRUE. u im ca b lc ny l b lc yu cu t h s hn thc hin. Do b lc hot ng nhanh hn v khng yu cu vng nh m rng. Nhc im ca b lc l p ng pha ca n l phi tuyn. LabVIEW c cc b lc IIR sau: - Cc b lc Butterworth: p ng tn s ca b lc l p trn tt c cc tn s v gim n iu t tn s ct. B lc Butterworth l trn ti a - p ng l tng bng 1 di thng v bng 0 di chn. u im ca n l c p ng tn s trn v gim n iu. Sau khi t tn s ct, LabVIEW s t dc ca qu trnh qu t l vi bc ca b lc. B lc bc cng cao th cng tin ti b lc thng thp l tng. Cc b lc Chebyshev: Cc b lc Chebyshev gim ti thiu nh li di thng. c tuyn ca p ng tn s c p ng bin ln di thng, gim n iu bin di chn v c vng chuyn tip sc hn b lc Butterworth. iu ny khin sai s tuyt i nh hn v tc thc hin nhanh hn. B lc Chebyshev II hay cn gi l b lc Chebyshev o: b lc ny tng t nh b lc Chebyshev nhng c phn b sai s trn di chn v c s bng phng nht di thng. B lc Eliptic (Cauer): cc b lc loi ny gim ti a cc sai s nh bng cch phn b chng trn khp di thng v di chn. So vi cc b lc Butterworth v Chebyshev cng bc th b lc Eliptic c qu trnh QU gia di thng v di chn l sc nht. V vy, n c dng rng ri. B lc Bessel: c th dng gim s mo pha phi tuyn vn c trong cc b lc IIR. cc b lc bc cao hn v vi vng gp dc hn th mo pha cng r nt c bit vng qu ca b lc. B lc ny c c tuyn trn ti a c pha v bin . c tuyn pha di thng ca b lc th gn nh tuyn tnh. Cng ging nh b lc Butterworth, b lc Bessel i hi b lc bc cao gim sai s, v vy n t c dng. b)B lc FIR.

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

30

VNArmy Cc b lc p ng xung hu hn FIR l cc b lc s m c p ng xung l hu hn. Cc b FIR cng gi l cc b lc khng qui. Phng trnh sai phn ca b lc l:
n1 yi = h x k =0 k ik

Trong x biu din dy u vo, y biu din dy u ra, h biu din h s b lc. Cc b lc FIR c cc c im quan trng sau: - Chng c th t c pha tuyn tnh bi s i xng ca h s. - Chng lun n nh. - C th thc hin cc hm lc dng tng quan cho v ni chung lun gn mt khong tr vi dy u ra.
Delay = n 1 vi n l s h s ca b lc FIR. 2

C th truy cp vo cc b lc trong LabVIEW bng cch chn Functions>> Signal Processing>>Filters. Hnh 2-3 minh ho cc b lc trong LabVIEW.

Hnh 2-3. Cc b lc trong LabVIEW. III. Tng quan v VISA. 1. Khi nim v VISA. VISA (Virtual Instrument System Architecture) l mt chun vo/ra giao din chng trnh ng dng (API) cho thit b lp trnh c. VISA t bn thn n khng cung cp kh nng lp trnh thit b m l mt API mc cao m c th gi n cc driver mc thp hn. S phn cp ca NI-VISA nh hnh sau:

Hnh 3-2. S phn cp ca VISA API VISA c th iu khin cc thit b theo chun VXI, GPIB, hoc Serial. Bi v VISA l mt cng ngh chun pht trin cc trnh iu khin thit b, http://www.dientuvietnam.net 31

VNArmy nn hin ti c rt nhiu instrument driver c vit bi hng National Instrument trn VISA v c h tr trn nn Windows, Macintosh, HP-UX,.. 2. im mnh ca VISA. - c chun ho: VISA l mt API chun xy dng cc trnh iu khin thit b. Bn ch cn s dng mt API iu khin cc thit b c kiu khc nhau, c th theo chun VXI, GPIB, hoc serial. - C giao din c lp: VISA s dng cc hot ng tng t nhau kt ni vi thit b m khng cn quan tm ti kiu giao din ca chng. Ly mt v d, VISA vit mt xu ASCII (mt message-based) ti mt thit b th lnh ny l chung cho tt c cc kiu thit b (VXI, GPIB, serial). iu ny lm cho vic chuyn i bus giao din tr nn d dng. Bn ch cn bit mt kiu API l c th s dng n cho cc kiu giao din khc nhau. - Nn c lp: VISA c thit k c th hot ng d dng trn cc h iu hnh khc nhau. m bo s c lp khi hot ng VISA nh ngha mt cch rt cn thn cc kiu d liu ca n. Bi vy cc kch c, s byte ca bin do cc HH quy nh khng lm nh hng n chng trnh VISA. Cc hm ca VISA gi v lin kt cc tham s ca chng l nh nhau trn tt c cc nn. N c th chy trn cc HH khc nhau m khng cn phi bin dch li. - Tnh tng thch cao: mt li th khc ca VISA l n d dng tng thch vi cc giao din thit b mi s c pht trin trong tng lai. C th ni VISA l mt cng c iu khin phn mm hiu qu tn dng, pht huy v nng cao cc th mnh phn cng ca thit b. 3. Cc thnh phn c bn ca VISA: Cu trc n gin ca mt VISA API nh sau:

Hnh 3-3. Cu trc VISA API. a) Default Resource Manager. http://www.dientuvietnam.net 32

VNArmy Default Resource Manager mc cao nht ca hot ng VISA. LabVIEW s t ng t chc vic trao i thng tin vi Default Resource Manager ln gi VISA VI u tin. Default Resource Manager s qun l ti nguyn v phin kt ni. Ti nguyn (resource) l mt i tng m bn c th trao i thng tin vi n. Resource c th l thit b (INSTR) hoc memory access (MEMACC). Phin kt ni (session) l mt s kt ni ti mt resource ang tn ti. Session c VISA s dng m mt phin lm vic vi thit b. C th chn kiu thit b trong session (GPIB, VXI, GPIB-VXI, serial, hoc all INSTR) song cn lu khi chn duy nht mt kiu thit b (chng hn Serial) th khng th m mt kiu thit b khc. Do vng nh dnh cho session c hn nn mi khi thao tc xong ta cn phi ng phin lm vic li. xc nh ti nguyn phi dng b m t thit b (instrument descriptor). Instrumnet descriptor c c php nh sau: Interface Type[board index]::Address::VISA Class Interface Type c trng cho tng kiu thit b (GPIB, VXI, hoc serial). i vi cc thit b s dng chun GPIB hoc VXI th board index dng xc nh s card giao tip gn trn main board. Vi thit b VXI th address c hiu l a ch logic cn vi thit b GPIB th l a ch ph (primary address). Ly v d mt my tnh c hai card GPIB gn trn main board th a ch ca mt thit b ni vi card th nht s l: GPIB0::0::INSTR. Thit b Serial khng s dng Address. V d ASRL2:INSTR s m t cng COM2. VISA class l mt lp m n gi mt vi hoc tt c cc hot ng VISA cho mt thit b hoc s kin. Lp chung nht l INSTR bao gm tt c cc thao tc VISA cho mt thit b. Nu VISA Class trng th n s mc nh l lp INSTR. b) Communication. VISA cung cp hai kiu giao thc trao i thng tin vi thit b, l phng thc thng bo (Message-Based)-h tr cho tt c cc kiu thit b theo chun GPIB, VXI, Serial v phng thc thanh ghi (Register-Based)-ch cho cc thit b VXI. Trong gii hn ca ti chng ta s quan tm ti cc thit b Message-Based device. Vi giao thc Message-Based chng trnh s gi mt thng bo lnh ti hoc nhn mt thng bo d liu t message-based device. Cc thng bo lnh (command-string) m chng trnh gi ti thit b l cc tp lnh ring ca tng thit b do nh sn xut cung cp. c th l lnh t cu hnh hoc lnh yu cu gi d liu. Cc thng bo nhn c t thit b c th l cc yu cu phc v (SQR) hoc d liu di dng string. Chng trnh s s dng cc hm chuyn i xu-s chuyn d liu v dng s x l tip. c) VISA propertopies. L cc thuc tnh ca VISA resources m ta c th thit lp hoc nhn c t chng trnh. C th k ra sau y mt vi properties thng gp: Serial baud rate, Serial data bits, GPIB readdresing, GPIB unaddresing, VXI logical address,.. Lu rng c mt vi thuc tnh l thuc tnh ch c (read only), do khng th thit lp li gi tr ca chng. http://www.dientuvietnam.net 33

VNArmy Ngoi ra cn c cc VISA Events lp trnh theo s kin m trong khun kh ti ny khng bn n Cc hm VISA trong LabVIEW. LabVIEW cung cp sn mt th vin hm phi ghp v iu khin thit b thng qua chun VISA. truy cp vo th vin hm ny chn Function>>Instrument I/O>>VISA. Trong bn c th s dng cc hm khi to, t thuc tnh, cc hm VISA mc cao hoc mc thp tham kho thm c th vo Online Help ca chng.

Hnh 3-4. VISA functions

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

34

VNArmy

Chng2 Thit b o thng minh HP34970A

I. Tp lnh ca my HP34970A. 1. Mt s qui c. Du [ ] biu th cc tham s hay t kho l tu chn. Du { } cha cc tham s chn cng vi cu lnh. Du < > biu th cc tham s m bt buc phi thay bng gi tr. Du | phn cch gia cc tham s. 2. Cch s dng danh sch qut (scanlist). Hu ht cc cu lnh ca HP34970A u c mt scanlist i km. Scanlist c dng (@scc). Trong , s l k hiu ca khe cm (100,200 hay 300) cn cc l s hiu ca knh. C th cu hnh scanlist gm mt hay nhiu knh hay gm mt dy knh. V d: (@101) t scanlist l mt knh 01 ca khe cm 100. (@101,203,305) t scanlist gm 3 knh 101,203 v 305. (@101:110,204) t scanlist gm cc knh t 101 n 110 v knh 204. 3. Cc lnh t cu hnh knh. a) Cu hnh o nhit . CONFigure:TEMPerature {TCouple},{B|E|J|K|N|R|S|T|DEF} [,1[,<resolution>|MIN|MAX|DEF}]] ,(@<scan_list>) V d: CONF:TEMP TC,B,1,0.003,(@101,102,201) Lnh ny t cu hnh cho cc knh trong scanlist o nhit s dng cp nhit ngu vi cc kiu cp nhit ngu khc nhau (mc nh l kiu J). chnh xc ca knh c xc nh bng thng s resolution. CONFigure:TEMPerature {RTD|FRTD},{85|91|DEF} [,1[,<resolution>|MIN|MAX|DEF}]] ,(@<scan_list>) V d: CONF:TEMP RTD,91,1,0.001,(@103,203) Lnh ny t cu hnh cho cc knh trong scanlist o nhit dng 2-wire RTD hay 4-wire RTD (FRTD). Tham s 85 v 91 tng ng vi =0.00385 v =0.00391. i vi php o dng FRTD th thit b s t ng cp knh th n v knh th n+10 (i vi 34901A) hoc n+8 (i vi 34902A). CONFigure:TEMPerature {THERmistor},{2252|5000|10000|DEF} [,1[,<resolution>|MIN|MAX|DEF}]] ,(@<scan_list>) V d: CONF:TEMP THER,10000,1,0.0001,(@101,102) Lnh ny t cu hnh cho php o nhit dng b bin i thermistor. Mc nh l dng thermistor 5K. b) Cc lnh t cu hnh o in p. CONFigure:VOLTage:DC CONFigure:VOLTage:AC http://www.dientuvietnam.net

35

VNArmy [{<range>|AUTO|MIN|MAX|DEF} [,<resolution>|MIN|MAX|DEF}],] (@<scan_list>) V d: CONF:VOLT:DC AUTO,0.0003,(@101,103) hoc CONF:VOLT:AC AUTO,0.0003(@101,103) Cu hnh cc knh trong scanlist o in p mt chiu hoc xoay chiu. c) Cc lnh t cu hnh o in tr. CONFigure:RESistance CONFigure:FRESistance [{<range>|AUTO|MIN|MAX|DEF} [,<resolution>|MIN|MAX|DEF}],] (@<scan_list>) V d: CONF:RES (@101,102) hoc CONF:FRES (@101,102) Cu hnh cc knh trong scanlist o in tr. Lnh vi tham s RES s s dng php o 2-wire. Lnh vi tham s FRES s s dng php o 4-wire v thit b cng t ng cp i knh n vi n+10 (34901A) hoc n+8 (34902A). d) Cc lnh t cu hnh o in p. CONFigure:CURRent:DC CONFigure:CURRent:AC [{<range>|AUTO|MIN|MAX|DEF} [,<resolution>|MIN|MAX|DEF}],] (@<scan_list>) V d: CONF:CURR:DC (@121) hoc CONF:CURR:AC (@122) Cu hnh cc knh trong scanlist o dng in mt chiu hoc xoay chiu. Cc php o dng ch cho php o trn knh 21 v 22 ca HP 34901A multiplexer module. e) Cc lnh t cu hnh o tn s v chu k. CONFigure:FREQuency CONFigure:PERiod [{<range>|AUTO|MIN|MAX|DEF} [,<resolution>|MIN|MAX|DEF}],] (@<scan_list>) V d: CONF:FREQ (@109,110) CONF:PER (@111) Cu hnh cc knh trong scanlist o chu k hay tn s. f) Cc lnh t cu hnh o tn hiu s. CONFigure:DIGital:BYTE (@<scan_list>) V d: CONF:DIG:BYTE (@201) Cu hnh thit b c cc knh u vo s ca khi multifunction module m c ch nh trong scanlist. Dng ca knh s u vo c dng s01 v s02 vi s l s ca khe cm. Nu cho c 2 knh u vo s vo scanlist th thit b s c t c 2 cng trong cng mt lc. iu ny cho php gp hai tn hiu 8-bit thnh 1 tn hiu 16-bit. g) Cc lnh t cu hnh b m. CONFigure:TOTalize {READ|RRESet} ,(@<scan_list>) http://www.dientuvietnam.net 36

VNArmy V d: CONF:TOT READ,(@203) Cu hnh thit b c knh b m trong multifunction module. Knh ca b m c dng s03 vi s l s hiu ca khe cm. b m khng t li trong khi qut th s dng tham s READ. c b m trong qu trnh qut v t li b m v khng sau khi c dng tham s RRESet. h) Lnh hi cu hnh knh. CONFigure? [(@<ch_list>)] V d: CONF? (@303) Lnh ny hi v cu hnh ca knh v tr v mt lot cc chui. Chui tr v gm mt lot cc trng c phn cch bi du phy. Mi trng cha cc tham s ca knh nh chc nng, gii hn, chnh xc. V d: "FRES +1.000000E+02,+3.000000E-04" , "TEMP TC,K,+1.000000E+00,+3.000000E-06" 4. Cc lnh t t cu hnh thc hin qut (scan). Thit b HP34970A c gn mt ng h s vn nng c d liu. thu c d liu t ng h ny, ta phi to mt ln qut. Tp lnh SCPI c h tr i vi vic thc hin qut c th iu khin t my tnh. T my tnh c th t khong thi gian qut, s ln qut, d chm ca mi knhCc bc thc hin mt ln qut gm: a) t danh sch qut. Mi ln qut ch thc hin khi c danh sch qut (scanlist). Khi qut, my s ch thc hin qut qua cc knh c trong danh sch qut theo th t tng dn t khe 100 n 300 cn cc knh khc b qua. t scanlist c th dng lnh sau: ROUTe:SCAN (@scanlist) V d: ROUT:SCAN (@101:105,112,114) hi v danh sch qut hin ti s dng lnh: ROUTe:SCAN? b) t ngun khi ng qut. Mi khi c tn hiu t ngun khi ng qut thit b s thc hin ln o qua cc knh. Lnh thc hin ca n nh sau: TRIGger:SOURce {BUS|IMMediate|EXTernal|ALARm{1|2|3|4}|TIMer} C th khi ng ln o qua ny bng lnh phn mm (tham s BUS), thc hin lin tc (tham s IMM), khi ng t xung TTL bn ngoi (tham s EXT), t ng h bo nguy (tham s ALAR) hoc t b ng h bn trong (tham s TIM). Mc nh l s dng tham s TIM. hi v ngun khi ng c th dng lnh hi: TRIGger:SOURce? c) t khong thi gian qut. Sau mi ln o qua cc knh c th t khong thi gian i bng lnh: TRIGger:TIMer {<seconds>|MIN|MAX} Khong thi gian c th t t 0 giy n 359 999 giy (99:59:59 gi). Cc tham s MIN, MAX tng ng vi gi tr 0 v 359 999. hi v khong thi gian qut dng lnh: http://www.dientuvietnam.net 37

VNArmy TRIGger:TIMer? d) t s ln qut. TRIGger:COUNt {<count>|MIN|MAX|INFinity} Lnh ny s t s ln o qua cc knh m mt ln qut thc hin. S ln qut c th t t 1 n 50 000 hoc lin tc (tham s INF). Gi tr MIN=1 v MAX=50 000. hi v s ln o qua ny c th dng lnh: TRIGger:COUNt? e) t khong thi gian tr gia cc knh. ROUTe:CHANnel:DELay <seconds>[,(@<ch_ list>)] Lnh ny s thit lp khong thi gian tr gia cc knh trong ch_list bng tham s seconds. C th thit lp khong thi gian tr t ng bng lnh sau: TRIGger:CHANnel:DELay:AUTO {OFF|ON}[,(@<ch_list>)] f) Khi to ln qut. C th khi to ln qut bng lnh INIT hoc READ?. S khc nhau gia hai lnh ny l lnh INIT s lu cc kt qu vo b nh m ca thit b. Ngoi ra khi ng t giao din t xa c th dng lnh *TRG. 5. Cc lnh nh dng d liu. Khi thc hin qut d liu s c lu trong b nh ca thit b di dng sau:

dng mc nh cc d liu km theo ny ch tt. bt hay tt cc d liu km theo khi c v c th dng cc lnh sau y: - FORMat:READing:ALARm {OFF|ON} bt hay tt d liu bo nguy. - FORMat:READing:CHANnel {OFF|ON} bt hay tt d liu knh. - FORMat:READing:TIME {OFF|ON} bt hay tt d liu v thi gian. - FORMat:READing:TIME:TYPE {ABSolute|RELative} s dng thi gian tuyt i hay tng i. - FORMat:READing:UNIT {OFF|ON} c hay khng n v km theo. hi xem cc d liu km theo ny dng bt hay tt c th dng lnh hi c du hi km theo mi lnh v d nh FORMat:READing:TIME?. 6. Cc lnh t mc o. Thit b HP34970A cho php t thang o cho d liu gm khuych i v gi tr b. Gi tr thu c s c tnh theo cng thc sau: Gi tr=Gi tr o * Khuych i - Gi tr b - CALCulate:SCALe:GAIN <gain>[,(@<ch_list>)] t khuych i cho gi tr. http://www.dientuvietnam.net 38

VNArmy - CALCulate:SCALe:OFFSet <offset>[,(@<ch_list>)] t gi tr b. - CALCulate:SCALe:UNIT <quoted_string>[,(@<ch_ list>)] t n v o theo ca ngi dng nh PRM, PSI.5 7. Cc lnh c d liu. - DATA:POINts? m tng s gi tr c hin ang lu trong b nh. - DATA:REMove? <num_rdgs> c v xo khi b nh bt u t gi tr c nht. Lnh ny thng xo c chu k khi b nh khi trn b nh. D liu thu c s c dng do lnh nh dng d liu qui nh. - FETCh? chuyn d liu c lu trong b nh ra ca thit b sang my tnh. Lnh ny khng xo cc d liu khi b nh. D liu ra c dng theo nh lnh nh dng d liu qui nh. - R? [<max_count>] c v xo tt c d liu trong b nh theo gi tr max_count qui nh. y l mt phin bn ca lnh DATA:REMove? nhng thc hin nhanh hn. nu b qua tham s max_count th lnh ny c v xo 50000 gi tr t b nh. Lnh ny cng b nh hng bi lnh nh dng d liu. D liu tr v theo dng khi di xc nh. - READ? c d liu t thit b v gi trc tip ra b m ra ch khng lu tr vo b nh nh lnh FETC? - MEASure? c cu trc lnh nh l lnh CONFigure v thc hin nh cp lnh CONF v theo sau l lnh READ?. Tuy nhin lnh ny khng tin bi khi thc hin thit b s t cu hnh php o theo cc gi tr mc nh v thc hin ngay. II. S thut ton o lng dng chun RS-232. 1. Gii thiu v chun RS-232. Chun RS-232 l chun giao tip thng dng nht gia my tnh v thit b ngoi vi. Hu ht mi my tnh u c mt vi cng ni tip COM. Kt ni bng RS-232 c th c khong cch ln. Tuy nhin n cng c nhc im l ti mt thi im ch kt ni c vi mt my. Tc truyn ca RS-232 cng chm hn so vi cc chun khc. 2. Cc VI lm vic vi chun RS-232 trong LabVIEW. LabVIEW cung cp mt s VI lm vic vi chun RS-232. C th truy nhp vo chng trong Functions>>Instrument I/O>>Serial.

Hnh2-1. Cc hm Serial

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

39

VNArmy Cc hm ny gm :

- Serial Port Init: khi to cng Serial theo tham s chn.

- Byte at Serial Port: tr li trong byte count s byte b m vo ca cng port number.

- Serial Port Read: c t cng port number s byte yu cu.

- Serial Port Write: gi d liu trong string to write ra cng port number.

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

40

VNArmy 3. Thut ton thu d liu t chun RS-232.

Khi to

Lp cu hnh h thng Lp cu hnh cho cc knh Lp cu hnh qut Lp cu hnh cho d liu ra Thu d liu v v x l

Tip tc

ng thit b

Bc 1: Khi to. Bc ny gm c m thit b, khi to ng truyn tn hiu v xo thit b.

Bc 2: Lp cu hnh cho cc knh.

- S dng lnh SENS t cu hnh o cho tng knh. - Dng lnh CALC: SCAL t mc o cho mi knh. - Dng lnh ROUT:SCAN t danh sch qut. http://www.dientuvietnam.net 41

VNArmy Bc 3: Lp cu hnh qut.

- t ngun khi ng qut bng lnh TRIG:SOUR - t khong thi gian qut bng lnh TRIG:TIM - t s ln qut bng lnh TRIG:COUN - Khi to ln qut bng INIT. Bc 4: nh dng d liu thu v nh dng d liu thu v c th dng lnh FORM:READ. Bc 5: Thu d liu v v x l.

C nhiu lnh c d liu v nhng thun tin nht l dng 2 lnh DATA:POIN? v DATA:REM?.D liu thu v di dng gm nhiu trng khc nhau nh gi tr, knh, thi gian .. bc tch ly d liu ta dng Data to 3DArray VI tch ly phn d liu cn x l. Bc 6: ng thit b. ng thit b c th dng hm VISA Close ca LabVIEW.

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

42

VNArmy

Chng 3 Xy dng bi th nghim trn b th nghim my in.

Mc ch ca bi th nghim. Thc hin o v quan st tn hiu ca b th nghim my in. Tn hiu thu v s c biu din trn my tnh hc vin tin quan st. Hc vin c th thay i mt s tham s trn b th nghim quan st tn hiu thu v. II. M t bi th nghim. Sau khi thit lp cc subVI v thut ton chng 2, chng ta tin hnh thu tn hiu t b th nghim my in qua thit b HP 34970A. Front Panel v Block Diagram ca n c dng nh hnh sau: I.

Hnh 3-1. Front Panel ca bi th nghim

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

43

VNArmy

Hnh 3-2. Block Diagram ca bi th nghim Front Panel ca bi th nghim (hnh 3-1) bao gm mt control Channel Configuration m mi phn t ca n l mt cluster t cu hnh cho cc knh o; mt control chn ti nguyn ni mng; mt control chn tn s ly mu; mt b hin th waveform chart biu din bng th tn hiu thu c; mt nm xoay chn knh hin th v mt nt stop ngng chng trnh. Block Diagram ca bi th nghim s thc hin theo nh s thut ton thu tn hiu lp chng 2. Block Diagram ca n nh hnh 3-2. N gm c phn khi to ng truyn dng subVI Initalize. Phn ny s t ng truyn cho chun RS 232 theo nh cc tham s ca thit b HP 34970A. M ngun ca n nh hnh 3-3.

Hnh 3-3. Block Diagram ca subVI INIT.

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

44

VNArmy Phn khi to knh o bng subVI Channel Config. SubVI ny s t cu hnh cho cc knh ca thit b HP 34970A. M ngun ca subVI ny nh sau.

Hnh 3-4. SubVI Channel Config Block Diagram. Cc knh c t cu hnh s c a vo vng lp For. S dng hm Unbundle By Name tch ly cc tham s ca knh. Cc tham s ny s c gi n cc subVI tng ng gi ti thit b HP 34970A. Phn danh sch knh s c tch li trn bin ca vng For thnh mng cc string. Sau dng hm Array to Spreadsheet String thnh scanlist v gi ti subVI Scanlist. SubVI ny s t danh sch qut cho thit b HP 34970A. Phn khi to ngun khi ng bng subVI Trigger Config. Block Diagram ca subVI ny nh hnh 3-5. Cc tham s ca lnh trigger s c chn bng cc dng cc hm x l string. Sau n s c gi ti thit b HP 34970A t cu hnh ngun khi ng cho thit b.

Hnh 3-5. Trigger config Block http://www.dientuvietnam.net 45

VNArmy Phn c v x l tn hiu c a vo trong mt vng lp While. D liu c c bng subVI Read. Block Diagram ca n c dng nh sau.

Hnh 3-6. Read VI Block Diagram. D liu c v c dng chui. tch ra cc thnh phn ca n cn phi dng subVI List To 3DArray. Block Diagram ca n nh hnh 3-7.

Hnh 3-7. List To 3DArray Block Diagram. tch ra phn d liu c th dng hm Array Index. D liu c v s c a qua b lc Butterworth thng thp lc b nhiu lon. Sau tn hiu s c gi ra waveform chart biu din. Qu trnh ny c lp cho ti khi no bm vo nt stop kt thc chng trnh. Khi thc hin chng trnh, trc ht chn cu hnh ca knh t control Channel Configuration. Sau chn tn s ly mu. Sau cho chng trnh thc hin. Khi thc hin chng trnh s gi n cc VI dng dialog t cu hnh cho ng truyn v cu hnh cc knh. Khi mun hin th knh no trn th s dng nm xoay Channel Selection. Danh mc mt s bi th nghim thc hin: - Quan st ph ca tn hiu my in. - Tnh ton cc tham s ca my in. http://www.dientuvietnam.net 46

VNArmy

KT LUN CHUNG.
ti nu c cch tip cn vi ngn ng lp trnh LabVIEW thng qua k thut lp trnh c bn v nng cao. ti cng nghin cu tp lnh ca thit b thng minh HP 34970A v a ra c lu thut ton thu tn hiu thng qua chun RS-232. Qua lu thc hin kt ni my tnh vi thit b HP 34970A iu khin thit b t b th nghim my in. ti xy dng c chng trnh c th thu v biu din tn hiu. Hng pht trin tip theo ca ti: - Xy dng h thng o lng v iu khin thit b bng chun GPIB hoc VXI. - Xy dng cc VI m phng cc thit b o nh HP34970, Kyowa ..

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

47

VNArmy

MC LC
Li ni u Chng 1 K thut lp trnh trn LabVIEW 1.1. K thut lp trnh c bn trn LabVIEW 1.2.Lp trnh nng cao trn LabVIEW Chng 2 Thit b o thng minh HP34970A Chng 3 Xy dng bi th nghim trn b th nghim my in Kt lun chung 1 2 1 26 33 41 45

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

48

VNArmy TI LIU THAM KHO LabVIEW User Manual G Programming Reference Manual HP 34970A Data Acquisittion/Switch Unit

http://www.dientuvietnam.net

49