Architecture Mid term study guide The Classical orders: o Tuscan o Doric o Ionic o Corinthian o Composite Classical Composition/

/ tripartite composition: o Base, shaft, capital Symmetry Craft: A tool in modern reform (according to john Ruskin) Arts and crafts: a reaction against the machine and the academy Art Nouveau: New Art, claimed to be independent from past styles. AKA: o Jugendstil (in Germany = youth style) o Sezessionstil (in Austria) o Modernismo (spain) o Stiile Liberty (italy) o Structural Rationalism Classical (tripartite) Composition: o Relates to Greek aesthetics of proportion Steel-Girder Frame (post-and-Lintel Frame) Curtain-Wall: o Glass wall system that is hung outside the steel frame of the house/building, thus frame doesnt show. Chicago o School o Frame: Opening for the windows, grid on the faade o Window: Three windows aligned horizontally, together make one coherent window. Prairie (style) Architecture: o Biaxial horizontal expansion & Cubist organization of interconnected interior spaces (destruction of the box) & centering about a solid & (relatively) flat roof with deep overhangs that appear to float. California Arts & Crafts: o Spanish Colonial architecture, Japanese Architecture and English arts and crafts.

Deutsche Werkbund: German Federation of Craftshops Qualittsarbeit: high quality work Gesamtkunstwerk: total design/ work of art Kunstgewerbe: arts and crafts or applied arts; term invented by Gottfried Semper Raumplan: o The spatial design, known as Raumplan, is evident in the multi-level parts of individual rooms, indicating their function and symbolic importance. Raumplan is exhibited in the interior as well as the exterior.

The Bauhaus Neue Schlichkeit: New objectivity Suprematism: o Was an art movement focused cubism and futurism, initiated by Kasimir Malevich.

Constructivism: o Was a form of modern architecture that flourished in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and early 1930s. It combined advanced technology and engineering with an avowedly Communist social purpose. Although it was divided into several competing factions, the movement produced many pioneering projects and finished buildings, before falling out of favour around 1932. Its effects have been marked on later developments in architecture. Proun: o An aesthetic prototype, where space is manipulated. Russian noun meaning object. Propaganda: o publicity to promote something false CIAM o International Congress of Modern Architecture Functionalism: o Is the principle that architects should design a building based on the purpose of that building.

Rationalism: o Based on architecture theory. Neue Sachlichkeit new spirit/ spirit of the new age.

National Romanticism: o Was a Nordic architectural style that was part of the national romantic movement during the late 19th and early 20th century. The style can be seen as a reaction to industrialism. New Doricism Art Deco: o The style influenced all areas of design, including architecture and interior design, industrial design, fashion and jewelry, as well as the visual arts such as painting, graphic arts and film. Primacy of structure and subordination of style: International Style: o They identified three different principles: the expression of volume rather than mass, balance rather than preconceived symmetry and the expulsion of applied ornament. Walter Gropius Cubism: o Was a 20th century avant-garde art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music, literature and architecture. Purism: o Purism rejected the decorative trend of cubism and advocated a return to clear, ordered forms that were expressive of the modern machine age as documented in their 1918 book After Cubism. Promenade Architecturale: o Architectural promenade is the journey through a building. Architects have used it as a device to reveal the soul of the building. I will be grateful for any information/references' articles which might help me understand it better. Plan Libre o One of the 5 points of architecture. The new techniques and new materials in modern construction were widely used by proponents of Modernism to promote an architecture free of the affectations of the architecture of the nineteenth century The reinforced concrete or steel allowed to dispense

with shear walls , as Le Corbusier saw in the use of poles holders the ability to compose spaces regardless of structural constraints.

FIVE POINTS OF ARCHITECTURE o Supports on pilotis o Roof garden o Free floor plan o Horizontal band windows o Free faade

Sir Henry Bessemer: o Develops efficient process for producing steel, later it is replaced by the open-hearth blast process. Louis Sullivan: (September 3, 1856 April 14, 1924) o Was an American architect, and has been called the "father of skyscrapers." He is considered by many as the creator of the modern skyscraper, was an influential architect and critic of the Chicago School, was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright, and an inspiration to the Chicago group of architects who have come to be known as the Prairie School. Paul Scheerbart: (1863-1915) o German Expressionist writer, author of Glass Architecture. Rudolf Steiner: (1861-1925) o Head of German section, Theosophical Society, founder of the Anthroposophical Society Erich Mendelsohn: (1887-1953) o Studied at the TH Charlottenburg, and TH Mnchen, known for Small Dancing school sketch. Walter Gropius: (May 18, 1883 July 5, 1969) o Was a German architect and founder of the Bauhaus School who, along with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier, is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modern architecture. Frank Lloyd Wright: o Wright promoted organic architecture, was a leader of the Prairie School movement of architecture, and developed the concept of the Usonian home. His work includes original and innovative examples of many different building types, including offices, churches, schools, skyscrapers,

hotels, and museums. Wright also often designed many of the interior elements of his buildings, such as the furniture and stained glass. Kasimir Malevitch: o Was a Russian painter and art theoretician, born in Ukraine of ethnic Polish parents. He was a pioneer of geometric abstract art and the originator of the Avant-garde Suprematist movement. Miles Van Der Rohe: o Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, along with Walter Gropius and Le Corbusier, is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of Modern architecture. He created an influential 20th century architectural style, stated with extreme clarity and simplicity. His mature buildings made use of modern materials such as industrial steel and plate glass to define interior spaces. Hannes Meyer: o Was a Swiss architect and second director of the Bauhaus in Dessau from 1928 to 1930. Victor Frth: o Came to Miami in 1949 to teach the department of Architecture. Rudolf Frnkel: o Came to Miami in 1950 to teach the department of Architecture, where he established a city design program, the departments first graduate degree offering.