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Yj:0DP4M<=DK2Q))-,/.0))32547698;:0<=8Bd`S5,/6C2Q)-S5,/69.G6EF)-D;</d?/)-8M)kY3)-.0<=8;69D(@/6 A : n ,Q)3:0D_4 2 )-A#<=D
Y3)-.G<=876BD>@N6 F~ ?H69D;< : n ,/)-:0DBd5 ~5}~ ~ \ ~j~ \ ~ @Q)(?\<=D;:0I9J-<(@/<=D A a <=DsE9)-D7<-D
S5,/6#Y=698;69A#<=DW) n <=8M)cd)3.0`9A@N6C@/6B?\6B2/@/6B8W@/6 A d!<Y-)3.0<=8 F~ @/69?H692N@/6g@Q)@/:0DP4 2/EB:V)
@/6 A )R,/A@/6B47698;AC:G2Q)-@/<g6B:ipc</amvDP4M,/@/)-876BAC<=DmAR)-:GD*?H6B8;4M:GE9,/.0)-87A#692L4761<=Dm?/87<=rN.069AC)-D
6B25Y-<=.GY-692/@N<g)Q6lpNJ-</dQ<-2/@/6(<Y-)3.0<=8@/6 F~ dN z q ~ z Q~ \ ~ EB<=A)@/:0DP4 2/EB:V)W@/6
a
A
H neH " @ ' 14 " y ' 1 n 4HR
2/:GE9:0)-.0A#692L4M63d!EB<=2/D7:G@/6987)-876BAC<-D+OT<=87I9)-DW@/:GD;4787:0rN, @Q)3D F~ @N6kAC]j@/,/.G<X?/8;<=?H<=87EB:0<=2Q)3.)-<
6B.069A#692L47<f@/6x[-8769) A 2N<fSj,/)-./69.0)-Dv)347,Q)-A 6Sj,N6xY3)-8;:V)-A .G:02/69)-87A#692L476E9<-A )f@/:0DP4 2NE9:V)
@/6 A )C,NA@/6B476987A#:02/)-@/<#69:ipc<C?\<=.0)-89a *AEF)-D;<gEB.V[-D;D7:0EB<CS5,/61:0.G,/D;478M)69D7D;6W?/8;<=r/.06BAR)
`Z< @N6Z,Q)-A D76BIFJ-< 4M87)-2/DPY=698;DM)-.m@/6,/AC)tYj: n )D;,
69:i4U) )/6lpNJ-< ?/,/87)Ndx,/AC)tY=6 S5,/6
@/6BAC<-2/D;478M) D76Z6BA 69D7:GD;4 2/EB:V)@/<-D )34M6B87:0)-:0D#S5,/6)-DROT<=8;IF)-DR:02L4M6B872Q)-Dk6BA S5,Q)3.0S5,/698
D;69IFJ3< @/) Yj: n )DMJ3<OT<-87IF)3Dk@/:0DP4M87:Gr/, @Q)-D9dEB,
<=DkA#]c@N,/.0<=D F = k y A Y3)-87:0)-A
.G:02/69)-87A#692L4M6%EB<=A )t@/:GD;4 2/E9:0) y )q?Q)-8P4M:08@/6X,/A 69: pN<t?Q)-D;DM)-2/@N< ?\6B.0<qE96B254787]=:G@/6@/)
D;69IFJ3</avD7D76*69: pN<Ndj`E9<-2 69EB:0@/<KE9<-AC<K69: pN<K2/6B,N4M8;<+@Q)(D76BIFJ-</dj@/6AC<j@/<(S5,/6_)3DvOT<-87IF)3Ds@/6
,/A .V)3@/<W@/<6B:ipc<2/69,c4M87<D7J-<@/6_EB<=A#?/876BD7DMJ3</d/6_@/<<-,N4M8;<W.V)-@N<WDMJ-<WOT<-87IF)3D'@/6m478M)-I9J-</dN6
D;<=r/876(<#69: pN<2/6B,N4M8;<R)3D'OT<=87I9)-DxDMJ-<25,/.V)3D9a
F = ky A
y
Eixo Neutro
AC]j@/,/.G<@/)OT<=8;IF)*8;69D;,/.G4M)-2L4M6 F `: n ,Q)-.5)xD7<=AC)*@/<-DA#]c@N,/.0<=De@Q)3DOT<=8;IF)-D69.G69A#692L4U)38769D
D7<-r/876K)D76BIFJ-<#:02L4M6B:087)NdN?H<=8;4M)-2L4M<
F
R
a
:G2L4M6 n 8M)-. ydA S5,/6x)-?/)-876BE96'2Q)fS5,Q)-I9J-< a `E9<=2 69E9:G@Q)_EB<=AC<mD7692N@/<(<fAC<=A#692L47<
@/6(?/8;:0A#69:G8M)+<=8;@/69A@Q)#D;69I9J-<C6BA876B.V)-I9J-<#)-<69: pN< x a <-8;4U)32547<DM)-rH69A#<=DxS5,/6
FR =
kydA = k
ydA
ydA = yA
M = F y = (kyA) y = ky 2 A
a
:02L4M6 n 8M)3. y dA Sj,N6k)-?Q)-8;69EB6R2Q)ZS5,Q)-I9J-< a
`CE9<=2 69E9:G@Q)EB<=AC<XAC<-AC6B2547<X@N6
D n ,/2/@Q)t<=87@/6BA <=,A#<=A#692L4M<q@/6:G2/`98;E9:0)t@/6,/AC)tD76BIFJ-<69A 876B.V)-I9J-< )-<q69: pc< x d'6`
AC)34M6BAR)u4M:0E9)-A#692L4M6876B?/876BD76B254M)-@/<?H<=8 I a :G2L4M698;69D;DM)-2L4M6R2/<-4U)381S5,/6 I D76B8M[D;69A#?/876
?H<=D7:i4M:iY=</dc,/AR)WY-6 Sj,N6+)[-8;6F)6 y D76B8MJ-<#D76BAC?N876(?\<-D7:G47:GY-<=D9a
<qAC6BD7A#<qA#<j@/<Sj,N6X@/6lQ2/:GAC<=D<qA#<=AC6B2L4M<@/6D76 n ,/2/@Q)q<=87@N69A 6BA 876B.V)-I9J-<q) x d
?H<c@N69A#<=Ds@N6BQ2/:G8<1AC<=A#692L47<1@/6*D76 n ,/2/@Q)W<-87@/6BA 6BA
8769.0)-IFJ3<W)-<169:ipc< y dj6@/69D;D76fA#<c@/<
4769876BAC<-D
MR =
ky dA = k
y 2 dA
Ix = y 2 dA
H neH"
Iy =
x2 dA
K1$&K
?N87<jE969@N:0A#692L4M<x?Q)-87)EF)-.GE9,/.0)-8 <=DeA#<=AC6B2L4M<=D@/6vD;6 n ,/2N@Q)*<=8;@/69A ?\<=8:G2L4M6 n 8M)-I9J-<x@/:08;6B4U)
`:0@ 2L4M:GE9<%)-<%,N47:0.0: )-@N<g?Q)-87)%E9)-.0EB,/.V)38m<=D(A#<=AC6B2L4M<=Df@/6?N87:0A#69:G8M)R<-87@/6BAXa 6B2L4M876#)-D
:G2 AC6B8M)-DvOT<=87AC)-Dv?H<=D7D Y=6B:0D>?\<j@/6 D76*)-@/<34U)-8s)1D;, n 698;:0@Q)(2Q)1)-,/.V) Sj,/)-2/@/<169D;4M[FY-)3AC<=D
E9)-.0EB,/.V)-2N@/<R<=DmAC<=A#692L47<=Dm@/6?N87:0A#69:G8M)<=87@N69A ?\<=8*:02L4M6 n 8M)3IFJ-<g@N:0876l4U)Na 6B.069A+r/8M)-2N@/</d
4769A#<=D
a*D;E9<=. 6 D76>,/AR)O)3:ipN)@/6v.V)-8 n ,/8M) dx du?Q)-87)-.06B.V))-<x6B:ipc< y <=,K,/AR)O)3:ipN)@/6v.V)-8 n ,/8M)
dN?/)-8M)-.G69.0))-<69:ipc< x a
dy
a*D;E9876lY=6 D76+)#6wpc?/876BD7DMJ3<RS5,/6(@/6B/2/6+)[-8;6F)
d/@/)O)-: pN)W69D7EB<=. :0@Q)
dA
a )3.0E9,N.V)-A D;6_<=DA#<=AC6B2L4M<=D@/6(D;6 n ,/2N@Q)C<=8;@/69A I = y dA 6 I = x dA a
6v6
)3AC<=Df,NA6lpc69A#?/.G< # 6
)%E9)-.0EB,/.V)38_<=DfA#<=AC6B2L4M<=Df@/6D;6 n ,/2N@Q)<-87@/6BAh@/6,/AC)gD7,
?H698PO E9:G6g876l4U)-2 n ,/.V)38W@/6krQ)-D;6 b 6%)-.i4M,/87) h 69A 876B.V)-I9J-<)-<=D6B:ipc<=D x 6 y S5,/6%?Q)-D;DM)-A
8;69D7?H69El4M:iY-)3AC6B25476(?\6B.V)rQ)-D;6K@/)D;69I9J-<R6(?H69.0<rH<=8;@/<AR)-:GD)69D7S5,/6B87@Q)ca
dA=bdy
dy
y
x
Ix =
y 2 dA =
y 2 bdy = b
y 2 dy =
bh3
3
Iy =
, n 6BD;4MJ-<
x dA =
x hdx = h
b
0
x2 dx =
hb3
3
IAA0 =
y 2 dA
A
y
C
B
y
!: n ,N8M) a 7 96 <=8;69AC)@N<=Dx69:ipc<=Dx?Q)38M)-.G69.0<-D
A
6K@/69D;6
)-A#<=DxEF)-.GE9,/.0)-8<#AC<=A#692L47<#@N6K:G2/`98;E9:0)@/)#D;,/?\6B8;O E9:06(6BA8769.0)-IFJ3<C)3<#6B:ipc<
4769A#<=DS5,/6
AA0
IAA0 =
y 2 dA =
(y 0 + d)2 dA =
(y 0 )2 dA + 2d
y 0 dA + d2
dA
0 2
I = I + Ad2
a
bh3
h
= Ix + (bh)
3
2
<=8P4U)-2L47</dQD76(S5,/698;69A#<=Dx<=rN47698 I dc4M69A#<=DxS5,/6
!2
H neH
bh3
bh3 bh3
=
Ix =
3
4
12
H
<=2ND7:0@N698M)3AC<=D>,/AC)1D;,/?\6B8;O E9:06*E9<=A#?H<=D;4M) dN)-S5,/6B.V)+S5,/6*?\<j@/6*D7698s@/:GYj:G@/:0@Q)(69AY3[-8;:V)-D
D;,/?\6B8;O E9:06BDCEB<=A#?\<=2N692L4M6BD A d A d_aGaiaid A d A a <=A#<t)q:G25476 n 87)-.S5,/68;69?/8;69D;692L4U)<
A#<=A#692L4M<g@N6W:02/`B87EB:V)C@N6 ?H<c@/6+D7698fD;,/rH@/:GYj:0@N:0@Q)#69A :02L4M6 n 8M)-:GDmE9)-.0EB,/.V)-@/)-D*D;<=r/8;6 A d
d'aGaiaid A d A d<ZAC<-AC6B2547<@/6R:02/`B87E9:0)X@/6 69A^876B.V)-I9J-<Z)X,/A 6B:ipc<Z@Q)3@/</d?H<c@N698M[
A
D;698+E9)-.0EB,/.V)3@/<%D7<=AC)-2/@/< D76#<=DKAC<-AC6B2547<=DK@/6C:G2/`98;E9:0)@Q)3D+D7,N?\6B8;O EB:06BD A d A daiaGaid A d
6BA8;69.V)3IFJ-<+)-<+A#69D;AC<169:ipc</a *6BAWr/8M)32/@/<W@/6*S5,/6f)-D n ?Q)-8;E969.0)-D>@/6_EF)3@Q)+D7,N?\6B8;O EB:06
A
2Q)gEB<=A#?\<=D;:0I9J-<R@/<RAC<=A#692L47<g@/6W:G2/`98;E9:V)C@Q)g[-8;6F)R4M<34U)-.@/6BY-6D76B8f<=rN4M:G@Q)C,ND;4M:G. )-2/@/<g<
4769<=8;69AC)@N<=Dx69:ipc<=Dx?Q)38M)-.G69.0<-D9a 6v6
)-A#<=D,/A6wpN6BAC?N.0<D7:GAC?/.G69D
6
)ZEF)-.GE9,/.0)-8+<AC<=A#692L47<Z@/6g:G2/`98;E9:V)X@Q)ZD7,/?H698PO EB:06g)3?/876BD7692L4M)-@Q)2Q) !: n ,/8M) a 69A
8;69.V)3IFJ-<#)-<=D6B:ipc<=D x 6 y )-?/8;69D76B2L4U)-@/<-D*2Q)A#69D7AC)+ n ,N8M)Na
y
5
20
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15
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2, 88 106
2, 0 104
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1, 28 106
1, 235 106
2, 85 105
3, 50 104
2, 85 105
a
2/@N6 r `W)R@/:GD;4 )-2/EB:V)C@N<R69.G69A#692L4M<R@/6W[-8;6F) dA )-<R?H<=.G< O d\EB<=2NOT<=8;AC61AC<-D;4M87)-@/<C2Q)
!: n ,/87) a axD7D7)R:02L476 n 87)-.e`+E9<-2 69EB:0@Q)#E9<=A#<RD;692/@N<g<
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@/6(D;69,/DAC<-AC6B2547<=Dx)upc:V)3:0D'@/6(:G2/`98;E9:V) I 6 I dQ,NAR)+Y-6 Sj,N6 r = x + y d/?\<-8;4U)32547<
J0 =
r 2 dA
dA
r
U& r
JO =
s
r 2 dA =
+'C"J7E4;+b- +c.
(x2 + y 2 )dA =
x2 dA +
y 2 dA = Ix + Iy
9:";
J0 = I x + I y
T U&LW
X
1a
ra
rb
x (rad)
!: n ,/8M) a
rb = 0, 8 ra
3a
B
M2
M1
G
y
I
b
!: n ,/8M) a
N@ 6B4M6B87A#:02/6+Sj,/)-2L4M<=DfA#:0.G:0.0:i4M8;<=DEF)-rH69Ao2Q)R4U)3IF)gE9,
)
D;69IFJ3<#478M)-2/DPY=6B87DM)3.6BD;4M[C)-?N8769D;692L4U)3@Q)C2Q) n ,N8M))-rQ)-: pc</a
4a
( )-rH692N@/<%Sj,N6
1 ml = 1 cm3
3 cm
4 cm
f(x)=k.x2 + b
5a
z
Iy
Ix
Seo
Ix
y
t
t
x
y
x
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74 `*)K)-,/.0)f)-2L4M6B87:0<-84 2
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<C69S5,/:0. r/8;:0<@/61E9<=8;?\<-D*8 n :G@/<=D9dQ2/)-@Q)C`KAC)-:0Dx6B/E9:06B2L4M6+@N<RS5,/6W),N47:0.0:
F)-I9J-<@Q)-D69S5,Q)
I c6BDX@/66BSj,N:0. r/87:G</dxS5,Q)-2/@/<69D;D769DXE9<=8;?\<-DX)3.0`9A @/6qD7698;69A 8 n :G@/<=D9dDMJ3<:GD7<=DP4U[347:0E9<-D9a
6v6B8769A#<=Dx) n <=8M)+,NA2/<bY=<A#`B4M<j@/<S5,/6_4M)-AWrH`9A`f,c4M:0.G: 9)-@/<+2/)WD7<=.G,/IFJ-<@N6K?N87<=r/.G69AC)-D
6B25Y-<=.GY-692/@N<<69S5,/:G. rN87:0<@/6kE9<=8;?\<-D#8 n :G@/<=DBd?\<=8;`9A E9<=A )@/:iOT698;692/I9)@N62/J-<D7698;69A
AC)-:0D>:0D;<=D;4M[34M:GE9<=DBa ?N87692N@/698;69A#<=Dx)+876BD7<=.iY=6B8'?/87<-r/.06BAR)-D>@/6_6BS5,/:0. r/8;:0<=D>@/6_EB<=87?H<=D8 n :
@/<-D6BA)-. n ,/AC)-D'D7:i4M,Q)3I j69Dx@/6
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)-:G2/@Q)69D;D76KAC`l4M<j@/<?Q)-87)<CE9[-.0EB,/.0<@/6(@/6lQ6lp j69D69AYj: n )-D:0D;<=D;4M[34M:GEF)-D@N6K6B:ipc<876l4M</a
A#`B47<c@N<_@/<=D4M87)-rQ)-
.
/<=D!Yj:G8;4M,/)-:0DOT<=:/E9<-2/D;4787, @/<fD7<=rN876x<fE9<=2NE969:i4M<(@/6'478M)-rQ)3.
/</a *6BD;476
?H<=2L4M<K@/62/<=D7D;<1EB,/87D;<W)-D;D7,/A#6 D76S5,/6*<1)-.G,/2/<f4M6B2
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/6BE9:0A#692L47<1@/<KE9<-2/E96B:G4M<
@/6%4M87)-rQ)-
.
/</dv@/<q?\<-2547<t@N6Yj:0DP4U)A#69E 2/:0EB</d)3D7D7:GA E9<-AC<4U)-A+r\`BA @Q)-DOT<=8;AW,/.V)3I j69D
AC)34M6BAR[u4M:0E9)-D#Sj,N6q6B2LY=<=.iY=69A < E9<=2/EB69:i4M</a !pc?\<=DP4U) 69D;DM) ?/8;69D7,N2/IFJ-< 69DP4M,/@/)-876BAC<=D%)
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.
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C 4 1 l "k q k w
@/A#:G4M)-A#<=D!)*6lpc:0DP4 2NE9:V)*@/6',/A ?\<-2547<fAR)u4M698;:V)-.LD;,
69:i4M<f)f)3IFJ-<_@N6Y3[-87:0)-DOT<-87IF)3D9d=EB<=AC<
`s)-?/8;69D76B2L4U)-@/<f2/) !: n ,/8M) a a @/A#:G4U)3AC<=De)3:02/@Q)xS5,/66BD;476'?\<-2547<*AC)3476987:0)-.L`>@/69D;.0<jEF)-@/<
@/<#?H<=2L4M< ?Q)-8M)<?H<=2L4M< dQ@/69D;E98;6BY=6B2/@/<g,NA@/69D;.0<jEF)-A#692L47< a
*AC)RY=6 CS5,/6#<k4M8M)3rQ)-.
N<k@/6,/AR)gOT<=8;IF)k?H<c@/6D;698(876B?/876BD72L4U)-@N<Z)k?Q)-8P4M:08m@/<X?N87<j@/,N4M<
6BD7EF)3.V)-8 W = F r dN?H<c@N69A#<=D'692L4MJ-<8769?N8769D;692L4U)38*)D;<=AR)1@/<=D'4U)3rQ)-.
N<=D'@Q)-D'OT<-87IF)3DSj,N6
)347,Q)-A2N<#?H<=2L4M<AC)34M6B87:0)-. @/<D;6 n ,/:G2L4M6KAC<j@/<
W =
F
a !
n
X
i=1
F2
F 1
A
r
A
F
3
F
5
F
4
WR = r
n
X
a
Fi = F R r
WR = F R r = 0
a
v S5,Q)3IFJ-< a )-?H692/)-D(6lpc?/876BD7D7)S5,/6<478M)-rQ)3.
/<gYj:08P4M,Q)3.@Q)-DfOT<=8;IF)-Df6wpc47698;2Q)-D+S5,/6
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: F)-@N<gD7<=rq,/Ao@/69D;.0<jEF)-A#692L4M<kYj:08P4M,Q)3. d <=,D;6
)Nde,/Ao@/69D;.0<
E9)-AC6B2L4M<S5,/6_2QJ3<<cEB<=878;6m2Q)W8;6F)-.G:0@Q)-@N6-djSj,N6f`f)-?H692Q)-D,N4M:G.0: 9)-@/<KE9<=A#<)-8P4M:iO E9:G<(?Q)-8M))
D;<=.0,/I9J-<@/6(@/6B47698;AC:G2Q)-@/<=D?N87<=r/.G69AC)-D'6BAAC6BE 2/:GEF)Na
?N87:02NE ?N:0<@/<=D4M8M)3rQ)-.
N<=DYc:G8;47,Q)-:0Dx?H<c@N6+D76B8_)-?N.0:0E9)-@/<#)C,NA EB<=87?H<R8 n :G@/<E9<=A<CD76
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EB<=AC<D;6K@/[C)A#69E 32/:0E9)W@/<=DxD7:GD;4M6BAR)3D@N:02 -A#:0EB<=D9a
R
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47,/8M)Nd<=,q69.G69A#692L4M<X69D;4787,N47,/8M)3.>6BD;4M[XD7, ;69:G47<)%EF)387876 n )-A#692L4M<-D1S5,/6Y3)-87:0)-A2/<%4M6BAC?H</a
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: 96981S5,/6R4M<j@Q)X)-S5,/69.0)4M6B<=87:0)@/)69DP4U[347:0EF)
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Peridicos
Motor desbalanceado
em uma casa de
mquinas
(a)
Hlice do propulsor
de um navio
(b)
No Peridicos
Violento deslocamento
de ar devido a uma
exploso
(c)
Terremoto sobre
um reservatrio
de gua
(d)
P(t)
foras inerciais
!: n ,/87) a m:GOT6B876B2/IF)rQ[-D;:0E9)#6B2547876K))-2Q[-.G:0D;6f69D;4M[34M:GEF)6K))-2Q[-.G:0D76m@/:023AC:GEF)
(a)
(b)
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@/:G2 -A#:0EB</dN)3<#?/)-D7D;<CS5,/6(D76K69D;DM)-DA#69D7AC)-DOT<-87IF)3D:G2/698;E9:0)-:0D'?H<j@/69AD7698x2/6 n .0: n 692NE9:V)3@Q)-D
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6BD;4U[u4M:0EB</a
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u(t)
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a
fS (t) = ku(t)
m
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a
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F
100
b$cQd0e9f`ghIh0iyHjlkGm&n-fCo(pQo(q^yrutRe9v+gwhIh
75
150
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I
P
Q
D
E
C
B
L/4 L/4 L/4 L/4
P
B
(a)
(b)
800 Kgf
600 kgf/m
1,5m
4,5m
(c)
2 perfis L soldados