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, PhD, CCC-SLP

1.
1.1. :
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
2.
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
3.
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
4.
4.1
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
5.

1.

(Marslen-Wilson, 1989).

. ,
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(Weistuch & Lewis, 1991).

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2

.
,
,
.
,
(Bloom & Lahey,
1978 Clark, 1993 McNamara, 1972).


. ,
(McNamara, 1972).


(Bates, 1976 Bloom & Lahey, 1978).
.
,
.
.
,
.
200
(Cole & Cole, 2000). 13.000
(Templin, 1957),
28.300 .
.
,
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/
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,
(Miller, 1978).


.
, . *
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.
, (,
..). , *
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(Siegler, 2005 Weistuch & Lewis,
1991).
Siegler (1976)
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Siegler
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3. (Nelson, 1974)

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(Fenson, Dale, Reznick,
Bates, Thal, & Pettnick, 1994). (,
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5

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1).
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.

(Mervis & Mervis, 1982). Rosch (Rosch, Mervis,
Gray, Johnson, & Boyles-Braem, 1976),
.
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(Mervis & Mervis, 1982). ,
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7

, (Poulin-Dubois, 1995). ,
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(basic level categories)
(superordinate class) (.. ) (..
),
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(.. ).

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8

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(Bauer & Mandler, 1989).
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(..
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(Mervis, 1987). ,

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(,
1995).
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9


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100% . ,
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(Keil, 1991).

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Keil Batterman (1984), 5
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11

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,
(Gelman & Coley, 1990 Gelman & Markman, 1986, 1987).

12

, Gelman Coley (1990)


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Gelman Coley (1990)
42%
(), 76%
(). (42%)
,

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69%
13

74% .
.
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,
.
Gelman Markman (1986, 1987)

. ,
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,

.

(3 ), ,
.
,
(National Research Council and Institute
of Medicine, 2000).
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,
(Millikan & Darley, 1967).

14

1.4.

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.

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. Bloom Lahey (1978), ,
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16


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2.

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!

17

2.
2.1.
1

(Loftus, 1973).

1.
,

(, , ..).
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, .
.
15 ,
*. *

18

.

(
). , Craik Watkins (1973)

,
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,
(Craik & Lockhart, 1972).

. Tulving (1972)
,
( ). Tulving (1972),

. * ,

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.

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). ,
.
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(Tulving, 1972).
,
.


19

.
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(Kudo,
1987 McCleary, 1983 Zurif, Caramazza, Myerson, & Galvin, 1974).

.
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*
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.
:

(associative network model).


Collins Quillan (1969)
,
.
(, ),
.
,
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.
, ,
. Collins Loftus (1975)
.

.

20

2. Collins Quillan

(feature model).
-

,
( - defining features),
,
( - characteristic features).
, ,
,
.

(Rosch, 1973 Rosch & Mervis, 1975).
(Gentner,
1981 Kintsch, 1974).

21

3.

(connectionist model). Schreuder Flores dArcais


(1989)

: ,
. ,
( )
( ).
,

,
.
,
(, ,
, , ). Schreuder Flores dArcais
(1989)
(, ..) (
).

22

.
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,
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.
(Mandler, 1966
Quine, 1986). ,

. Quine (1986),

(Rosch et al., 1976). ,
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(Neely, 1977).

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23


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4.

24

2.2.
:
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(Neumann, 1984).
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(Goldstein & Scheerer, 1941) ,
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Scheerer, 1941)

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25

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).

26

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,
(Jakobson, 1964).
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3) *,
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(inductive reasoning).
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(deductive reasoning).
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3.

()

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28

3.
3.1.

1960
1970.
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.

: , (
),
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.

,
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, .. (Cohen & Faulkner,
1986 Meyer & Rice, 1981).


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.
(Obler &
29

Albert 1981). ,
(North,
Ulatowska, Macaluso-Haynes, & Bell, 1986). ,

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30

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(Heltrich, 1979).
, Molfese, Hoffman Yuen (1981)
,

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)
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31

.

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3.2.
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.


Alzheimer.

.
32


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20
,
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, (Tulving, 1972).

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.
,

.

(Craik, 1977) (Howard, 1980).
,
.

,
(Kinsbourne & Wood, 1982).


(Weingartner, Grafman, Kaye, & Martin, 1983).
,

33

.
, (object
naming) (Bayles, 1982).
.

.

Wechsler,
(.. ). ,

(.. )
(Wiengartner et al., 1983).

. ,
()
, .

,
(Corkin, 1982).
,
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(Bayles, 1982 Schwartz, Marin, & Saffran, 1979). ,

.

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() ( ),
34

().
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(..
/
).

(Milberg & Blumstein, 1981).
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,
(Hasher & Zacks,
1979).
,

.

35

3.3.
.
,

, .
(stroke)
,
( 10% 75
).

(Harasymiew, Kammerer, & Black, 1980 Obler, Albert, Goodglass, &
Benson, 1978). Wernicke*
, . ,
* . ,
Broca* (Holland, 1980).

.
.
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. Wernicke,
,
- .
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.
4.
4.1

( )
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.

36

.
:
1. * (Damasio, 1981 Goodglass &
Kaplan, 1983). ,
(
, ).

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2.

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37


.
Goldstein (1948)
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:

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) (astereognosis/tactile agnosia) (
).

38

*,
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.
:
- (chunking),
- (elaborating),
- (rehearsal),
- (complexity of
information presented).

39

Goodglass (1972),

.
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4.2.
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40

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. (BDAE, Goodglass et al., 1986, AAT,
Huber et al., 1984) ,
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5.

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41

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(BDAE,

Goodglass

et

al.,

1986)

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42

4.
.

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:
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43

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).

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, Ravens
Matrices (Raven, 1956, 1958),
.

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. ()
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(Grossman & Wilson, 1987 Hillis
& Caramazza, 1991 McCleary, 1983 McCleary & Hirst, 1986 Zurif et al., 1974).
,
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,
(Proios, 1994, 1995).
(Davidoff & Roberson, 2004)
,
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44

, ).

.


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4.3.

,
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Weigl (1941),
:
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).
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.
1944 Manual of Diagnostic Psychological Testing
( ) (Rapport, 1944).
33 (.. ,
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).
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48


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(~50%)
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.

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