Ces

aro-Stolz
:
1 , 2010

Ces
aro-Stolz L'H^
opital.
.
mathematica.gr.
.

.

(Cesaro-Stolz). (an ); (bn )

(bn ) , .

an+1 an
n bn+1 bn
lim

`,

an
n bn
lim

`.
.

" > 0, N N n > N



 an+1 an


 < ":

`
 bn+1 bn

n > N an+1 an

am aN =

m
1
X
n=N

(an+1 an ) <

< (` + ")(bn+1 bn ) m > N + 1

m
1
X
n=N

(` + ")(bn+1 bn ) = (` + ")(bm bN ):

m > N + 1

am aN
bN
<
+ (` + ") 1
bm bm
bm


(bn ) M N m > M
am =bm < ` + 2". M 0 N
m > M 0 am =bm > ` 2" .

Ces
aro-Stolz

lim an+1 an + .
n bn+1 bn

(Ces
aro). (xn )
k=1 xn . (sn ) `.

Pn

` sn =

. Cesaro-Stolz an = nsn bn = n.

)
(xn ) ( xxn+1
n

` > 0. ( n xn ) `.
2.

. Cesaro-Stolz an = log xn bn = n.
( (Nick1990)). (
)
Pn
(k 1)k
lim Pkn=1
:
n k=1 (k + 1)k
P
P
(socrates). an = nk=1 (k 1)k bn = nk=1 (k + 1)k .
(bn ) , . ,
1

an+1 an
nn+1
2
= lim
=
lim
1
+
lim
n bn+1 bn
n (n + 2)n+1
n
n



1

Pn
(k1)k
Pkn=1
n k=1 (k+1)k

Ces
aro-Stolz, lim

2
n+2

n+2

= e2 :

e2 .

( (S.E.Louridas)).
log (n!)
an = log n
.
2

( (smar)). an =
Ces
aro-Stolz,
n+1

lim

n
log( (n(+1)
n+1)! ) log( n! )

n+1n

log nn log n!

n+1
= lim log
n
n


n

log( nn! )

= log e = 1:

( AlexandrosG).
X
n + 1 n 2i
Sn = n+1
.
2
i
i=1
3

P
i
n+1
( (dement)). Sn = ( ni=1 2i )=( 2n+1 ).

Cesaro-Stolz.
Pn+1 2i Pn 2i
i=1 i i=1 i = n + 2 ;
2n+2
2n+1
n
n+2 n+1
limn Sn = 1.

( (nkatsipis)).

Pn

k=1 k :
lim
+1
4

 R  6= 1

( (Nick1990)). Cesaro-Stolz,

1
(n + 1)
:
=
lim
n (n + 1)+1 n+1
+1


lim (n+1)
 = 1
n
n

lim

(n + 1)+1 n+1

n
f (x) = x+1 .

(1 + 1=n)+1 1
= f 0 (1) =  + 1;
n
1=n

= lim

( (S.E.Louridas)). f :
I R I
x)
= `.
t ` limx0+ xft(+1


n
X
1
t
lim n
f
:
n
n+k

k=1

( (S.E.Louridas)). Cesaro-Stolz,




Pn


Pn+1
Pn
1
1
1
k=1 f n+k+1 k=1 f n+k
k=1 f n+k
= lim
lim
n
n
nt
(n + 1)t nt
.
f (1=(2n + 1)) + f (1=(2n + 2)) f (1=(n + 1)). 'A






1
1
1
f

f
2n+1
2n+2
lim nt (n + 1)t n+1
:
n
(n + 1)t nt

(n + 1)t1
1
lim
= :
n (n + 1)t nt
t




1
1
nt
t
+1
= lim (n + 1) f
lim
= `;
n
n+1
n + 1 n (n + 1)t




1
1
(n + 1)nt
`
t
t
+1
lim (n + 1)n f
= lim (2n + 1) f
lim
= t+1
t
+1
n

n
2n + 1
2n + 1
(2n + 1)
2
lim (n + 1)nt f
n

lim (n + 1)nt f
n

1
2n + 2

= lim (2n + 2)t+1 f

n

lim nt
n


n
X
k=1

1
n+k

1
2n + 2

(n + 1)nt
`
= t+1 :
t
+1
n (2n + 2)
2
lim

`
1
=
1 t :
t
2