MICROSOFT EXCEL 2007

Mc lc
BI I. GII THIU EXCEL 2007 ..................................................................................... 3
1. Nhng thut ng cn nh ............................................................................................ 4
2. Ribbon cng c mi ca Excel 2007 .......................................................................... 4
3. Chun XML ................................................................................................................ 5
BI II: TO MT WORKBOOK ..................................................................................... 5
1. M mt workbook c sn ........................................................................................... 6
2. Lu workbook ............................................................................................................. 6
3. ng workbook .......................................................................................................... 7
4. Sp xp workbook....................................................................................................... 7
5. Th thut c bn vi worksheet .................................................................................. 7
BI II. CCH NHP CNG THC............................................................................... 10
1. Tm hiu v cng thc Excel 2007 ........................................................................... 10
2. Bt u vi du bng (=) .......................................................................................... 10
3. Cng thc tng gi tr trong mt ct (SUM) ............................................................ 11
4. Nn copy mt cng thc thay v to ra mt cng thc mi ...................................... 12
5. Tm hiu v cell () ................................................................................................... 12
6. Cp nht kt qu cng thc ....................................................................................... 13
7. S dng cng thc Sum cho mt vi gi tr trong ct .............................................. 13
8. S dng cng thc n gin khc trong Excel 2007 ................................................ 14
9. Tm gi tr trung bnh ................................................................................................ 14
10. Tm gi tr ln nht hoc nh nht .......................................................................... 15
11. Du hiu l xut hin trn bng tnh ....................................................................... 16
BI IV: Cch dng hm trong Excel 2007 xc nh thng tin ngy ........................... 18
1. Ngy lin quan n Excel nh th no ..................................................................... 18
2. Tnh ton ngy thng bng cch s dng cng thc ................................................. 19
3. Cch tm ra s ngy gia hai thi im .................................................................... 20
4. Cch tnh ngy lm vic gia hai thi im ............................................................. 20
5. Tm kim ngy sau mt s ngy lm vic................................................................. 21
6. Tm mt thi im sau mt s thng ........................................................................ 22
7. Tm thi im sau mt s nm, mt s thng v mt s ngy.................................. 22
BI V: CCH TO BIU ........................................................................................ 24
1. To biu trong Excel 2007 ................................................................................... 24
2

2. Cch to biu ........................................................................................................ 24

3. Lm th no d liu worksheet xut hin trong biu ...................................... 25
4. Tm hiu v Chart Tools ........................................................................................... 26
5. Thay i biu ....................................................................................................... 26
6. Thm tiu cho biu .......................................................................................... 27
BI VI: CCH TO BO CO VI PIVOTABLE ...................................................... 28
1. PivotTable I: Lm quen vi PivotTable reports trong Excel 2007 ........................... 28
1.1. Ly d liu lm vic ...................................................................................... 28
1.2. Xem li d liu ngun........................................................................................ 28
1.3. To hp thoi PivotTable ................................................................................... 29
1.4. C bn v PivotTable Report ............................................................................. 30
2. PivotTable II: Lc cc d liu trong mt PivotTable ca Excel 2007 ...................... 31
2.1. Ch xem d liu m bn mun xem trong bo co PivotTable .......................... 31
2.2. Lc xem ra mt trong nhiu sn phm .......................................................... 31
2.3. Gii hn b lc cho mt sn phm .................................................................... 32
2.4. Tm loi sn phm c doanh thu cao ................................................................. 32
2.5. Lc thng tin theo thi gian ............................................................................... 32
2.6. Hy b b lc ..................................................................................................... 33
2.7. Hy b mt filter trong bo co PivotTable ...................................................... 33
2.8. Hy b mt b lc trong danh sch PivotTable Field ....................................... 34
3. PivotTable III: Tnh ton d liu trong nhng bo co PivotTable ca Excel 2007 34
3.1. Lm vic vi s .................................................................................................. 34
3.2. Tm tt d liu mt cch khc ........................................................................... 35
3.3. Thc hin mt php tnh % ................................................................................ 35
3.4. Nhn vin no nhn tin thng? ...................................................................... 35

BI I. GII THIU EXCEL 2007

Tm hiu giao din mi v cch hon thnh cc tc v hng ngy trn Excel 2007, mt
cht khi nim v chun nh dng XML

1. Nhng thut ng cn nh
Workbook: y l mt tp tin lm vic nh: tnh ton, v th, v lu tr d liu.
Mt workbook c th cha nhiu sheet, do vy c th t chc, lu tr nhiu loi thng tin
c lin quan vi nhau ch trong mt tp tin. Mi workbook cha rt nhiu worksheet hay
chart sheet, ty thuc vo b nh my tnh.
Worksheet: C khi c gi l sheet hay bng tnh, l ni lu tr v lm vic vi d
liu. Mt worksheet c nhiu v cc c cha cc ct v dng. Worksheet c lu
trong workbook.
Trong Excel 2007, mt Worksheet cha c 16,384 ct v 1,048,576 dng, thay v 256
ct v 65,536 dng ca phin bn c.
Chart sheet: Thc cht l mt sheet trong workbook, nhng n ch cha mt th. V
vy, nu ch mun xem tng th ring l th chart sheet l la chn ti u.
Sheet tabs: Tn ca cc sheet s th hin trn cc th t gc tri di ca ca s
workbook. Bn c th di chuyn t sheet ny sang sheet khc bng thao tc n gin l
nhp chut vo tn sheet cn n trong thanh sheet tab.
2. Ribbon cng c mi ca Excel 2007

Ribbon - trung tm kim sot mi ca bn

Khi ln u tin s dng Excel 2007, giao din ca n c th lm cho bn chong ngp
bi s thay i khc hn so vi cc phin bn trc. Thay cho cc thanh trnh n
(menu) truyn thng l cc cm lnh c trnh by ngay pha trn mn hnh, gip ngi
dng s dng thun tin hn, chnh l Ribbon. B cng c Ribbon gm: Home,
Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Reviews, View, Developer, Add-Ins. Nhng th
bn cn by gi rt trc quan, d nhn, r rng v d s dng hn. Ribbon thc s l mt
trung tm h tr cng vic tuyt vi. Vi Excel 2007, cc lnh c tp hp li theo
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nhm chc nng, khi cn l c ngay.

Hnh minh ha cc Ribbon

3. Chun XML

Excel 2007 dng nh dng tp tin mc nh l XLSX da trn chun XML (eXtensible
Markup Language) thay cho nh dng chun trc y l XLS. Chun ny gip cho cc
ti liu an ton hn, dung lng ti liu nh hn v tch hp su vi cc h thng thng
tin v cc ngun d liu bn ngoi. Nh vy, cc ti liu c qun l, phn tch v chia
s d dng, hiu qu hn bao gi ht.

BI II: TO MT WORKBOOK
Lm th no to mt workbook, nhp v chnh sa vn bn v s liu, thm dng,
ct

1. M mt workbook c sn

WorkBook v Worksheet
Bn c th m mt tp tin sn c bng nhng cch khc nhau:

Cch th nht: Bm chut vo nt Office, chn Open. Trong hp thoi Open, ch

ng dn n ni lu tr tp tin v chn tn tp tin cn m ri nhn nt Open (hay nhn
ENTER trn bn phm hoc bm i phm tri chut) m tp tin.
Cch th hai: Ch c tc dng i vi nhng tp tin tng c lm vic vi phn mm
Excel trn my tnh ca bn. Bm chn tn tp tin trong danh sch ti liu c m trong
thi gian gn nht (Recent Documents) trn nt Office m tp tin. Excel 2007 mc
nh lu li ti a 50 tn file s dng gn nht.
Cch th ba: Tm n tp bng trnh qun l tp tin, Windows Explorer, nhp i chut
ln tp tin m.

2. Lu workbook
Sau khi lm vic vi tp tin, iu ct t l phi lu li nhng chnh sa, thay i, nu
khng, cng sc ca bn xem nh b bin. Excel 2007 cung cp mt c ch sao lu t
ng trong mt khong thi gian nht nh (mt nh l 10 pht/ln). Nhng bn c th
ty chnh rt ngn khong thi gian gia cc ln sao lu li phng trng hp
my tch b trc trc bt ng hay b cp in. Cch ty chnh rt n gin: Bm vo nt
Office, chn Excel options, chn Save, bn ch cn nh du vo tu chn Save
AutoRecover Information Every ri chnh li thi gian sao lu t ng theo mun.

Ty chnh sao lu t ng trong Excel 2007

Trn y l ch lu t ng, tuy nhin c lc bn cn phi thc hin sao lu th cng.
Sau y l vi cch lu workbook:
Chn nt c hnh chic a mm trn thanh Quick Access Tollbar gc trn cng bn
tri mn hnh
m nhanh chc nng Office Save tin hnh sao lu ti liu.
Bn cng c th s dng t hp phm Ctrl+S hay Shift+F12 thc hin cng vic quan
trng ny.
Nu mun to bn sao gi tp tin gc, bn chn chc nng Save As v t tn khc,
cng nh chn kiu tp tin ti Save as type, chn ni cha cho tp tin (bn sao) bn va
to ra. Cui cng nhn nt Save lu tr.
3. ng workbook
Sau khi lm vic v sao lu xong, bn phi ng workbook. y l nhng cch ng ph
bin: Chn nt Office, sau chn Close; bm vo nt c k hiu " X " gc trn bn
phi mn hnh, dng t hp phm Ctrl+F4 hoc Ctrl+W.
4. Sp xp workbook
Excel 2007 cung cp cho bn kh nng sp xp li cc workbook c m cng lc. Nh
vy, vic tham kho qua li gia cc cc workbook thun tin hn. sp xp, bn bm
chut vo nhm lnh View, chn Arrange All, tip theo chn cho mnh mt kiu b tr
thch hp nht.
5. Th thut c bn vi worksheet

Chn v xa ct (cell), (column) , dng (row): Bn c th chn thm cc ct, dng,

vo vng lm vic ca worksheet.
Cc c chn ty vo c v tr: bn tri, bn trn hin hnh. Cc ang c
chn cng c th dch chuyn c qua phi hoc xung di hin hnh. Excel 2007
cho php thc hin vic chn thm cc dng ln bn trn, cc ct vo bn tri hin
hnh. ng thi, bn c th xa i cc , cc dng v ct khng ph hp.

Cc cha d liu
Chn thm worksheet mi vo workbook: lm vic ny, bn ch cn lm theo mt
trong cc cch sau: Dng t hp phm Shift+F11 chn sheet mi vo trc sheet hin
hnh; chn tab Home, trong nhm Cells - Insert - Insert sheet; nhp phi chut ln
thanh sheet tab v chn Insert, chn Worksheet v nhn nt OK trong hp thoi
Insert, s c ngay mt Sheet mi c chn vo.
Xa worksheet: Mun xa work sheet, bn chn Sheet mun xa ri chn nhm Home chn nhm Cells - chn Delete - chn Delete sheet. Cch nhanh hn l nhp phi chut
ln tn sheet mun xa sau chn Delete, bm OK xc nhn xa.
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i tn mt worksheet: Vic ny rt n gin, ch cn nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn

i tn thanh sheet tab, chn Rename, k n nhp vo tn mi v cui cng nhn
phm ENTER.
Lu : Excel 2007 khng cho php dng cc k hiu, k t c bit t tn (nh: / \ ?
*: ) t tn cho sheet.
Sp xp cc worksheet: i vi vic di chuyn mt s sheet, cch nhanh nht l dng
chc nng ko th ca Excel. Ngi dng c th bm v gi phm tri chut ln tn sheet
ri ko n v tr mi th xung.
Khi phi di chuyn hay copy nhiu sheet, th bm phm phi chut ln tn sheet cn sp
xp, chn Move or Copy. Lc s xut hin hp thoi Move or Copy. Ch cn bm
chn tn sheet, sau bm OK di chuyn.
Sao chp: Nhp phi chut ln sheet, chn Move or Copy chn v tr t bn sao trong
vng Before sheet, chn Creat a copy, nhn OK hon thnh.
Mun cng lc sao chp nhiu sheet, nhn gi phm Ctrl, dng chut chn tn sheet cn
sao chp, gi tri chut ko n v tr t bn sao trn thanh sheet tab ri th chut.
Lu : cn chn nhiu sheet bng lnh Ctrl + nhp chut trc khi thc hin lnh ny.
Trng hp bn mun chp cc sheet sang mt workbook khc th m workbook ngun,
chn lnh Move or Copy, chn tn workbook ch trong To book.
Ngoi nhng th thut trn, bn c th t mu cho sheet tab d qun l thanh sheet tab
hn. Ch cn nhp phi chut ln tn sheet m bn mun t mu ri chn Tab Color v
chn mu thch hp t.
Bn cng c th lm n hoc hin worksheet bng cch nhp phm phi chut ln tn
sheet, sau chn Hide giu n i. Khi cn lm vic tr li vi sheet ny, bn nhp
phm phi chut ln thanh Sheet tab, chn Unhide, tip theo chn tn sheet v nhn nt
OK cho n hin th trn mn hnh.

BI II. CCH NHP CNG THC

Lm th no chn nhng cng thc n gin vo bng tnh v t ng cp nht kt
qu.
1. Tm hiu v cng thc Excel 2007

V d hnh trn bn ang nhn vo ngn sch chi tiu gia nh cho phn Entertainment
v worksheet C6 cn trng (chi tiu cho a CD thng 2) vn cha c nhp. Trong
phn ny bn s c hng dn s dng Excel lm nhng bi ton cn bn bng
nhng cng thc n gin.
2. Bt u vi du bng (=)

1. Nhp cng thc trong C6.

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2. Nhn nt ENTER xem kt qu.

3. Khi no bn click vo C6, cng thc s xut hin trn thanh cng thc (formula
bar).
Hai a CD c mua trong thng Hai tr gi l $12.99 v $16.99. Vy tng gi tr chi
tiu cho a CD trong thng hai l hai a CD. Bn c th cng nhng gi tr ny trong
Excel bng cch nhp cng thc vo C6.
Nhng cng thc ca Excel lun bt u t du (=). Nh vy cng thc ca C6 l:
=12.99+16.99
Du cng (+) l mt thut ton Excel cng thm gi tr. Nu bn t hi lm th no
c c kt qu ny th cng thc s hin r hn thanh cng thc
khi bn click vo C6.
Bn cng nn bit cc thut ton ca Excel bao gm du cng (+) du tr (-), du nhn
(*) v du chia (\).
3. Cng thc tng gi tr trong mt ct (SUM)

c kt qu chi tiu trong thng 1, click vo B7 v sau thc hin cc bc sau:

1. Trn tab Home, click nt Sum trong nhm Editing.
2. Cng thc s xut hin trng B7.
3. Nhn ENTER c kt qu trong B7.
4. Click vo B7 hin th cng thc trn thanh cng thc.
Bn c th cng chi tiu trong thng Ging trong B7 bng cch nhn lnh Sum
trong nhm Editing, trn tab Home, n s t ng cng gi tr ca mt ct. Cch lm
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ny lm cho ngi dng tn thi gian, thay v phi nhp cng thc. Khi nhn ENTER
kt qu hin ra trong B7 l 95.94. Cng thc l =SUM(B3:B6) xut hin trn thanh
cng thc khi bn click vo B7.
4. Nn copy mt cng thc thay v to ra mt cng thc mi

1. Dng chut ko phn di ca cng thc n mt cng s dng cng mt cng

thc, sau th chut ra.
2. Nt Auto Fill Options xut hin v kt qu cng hin ra
Trong mt vi trng hp th vic copy cng thc d thc hin hn vic to ra mt cng
thc mi. Trong v d trn bn c xem qua vic copy cng thc tng cng chi tiu
trong thng 1 ng dng tng cng chi tiu cho thng 2.
lm iu ny u tin chn cng thc B7, sau dng chut tr vo gc bn di
bn phi ca B7 n khi con tr tr thnh du thp mu en (+). K tip ko phn fill
handle
sang C7. Khi phn fill handle c th ra, th tng gi tr C7 xut hin
vi gi tr 126.93. Cng thc xut hin trn thanh cng thc l =SUM(C3:C6), khi bn
click vo C7.
Sau khi copy cng thc nt Auto Fill Options

xut hin bn c thm chn la

format, nhng trong trng hp trn bn khng cn s dng chng. Nt

khi bn click vo mt khc.
5. Tm hiu v cell ()
kham kho

Gi tr kham kho

A10

trong ct A v dng th 10
12

s bin mt

A10, A20
A10:A20
B15:E15
A10:E20

A10 v A20
Bao gm cc trong ct A t dng th 10 n dng th 20
Bao gm cc t dng 15 t ct B n ct E
Bao gm cc trong ct A n ct E t dng th 10 n dng
th 20

Vic xc nh cc dng vo vic ng dng cng thc. Excel thng s dng cch s
dng ngn ngn nh A1 xc nh ct bng k t v dng l nhng con s.
6. Cp nht kt qu cng thc

Gi s rng gi tr 11.97 trong C4 b sai, v n phi c cng thm 3.99 mi chnh xc

do vy bn nn chn C4 v nhp cng thc "=11.97+3.99" cho ny sau nhn
ENTER:
Trn hnh trn cho thy gi tr ca C4 thay i v d nhin Excel cng t ng cp nht
tng gi tr chi tiu trong C7 thnh 130.92 t 126.93. Excel c th cp nht c v
cng thc ca n trong C7 l "=SUM(C3:C6)". Nu bn khng s dng cng thc cho
C7, th gi tr s khng c cp nht. Bn cng c th sa i hoc nhp cng thc
trc tip trn thanh cng thc

thay v nhp vo cc .

7. S dng cng thc Sum cho mt vi gi tr trong ct

13

1. Trong C9, nhp du bng (=), nhp SUM v sau m du ngoc n (.

2. Nhn vo C4 v sau g dy phy (,) trong C9.
3. Nhn vo C6 v sau ng du ngoc n ) trong C9.
4. Nhn ENTER hin th kt qu.
Trong v d trn cho thy hm SUM cng c th p dng cho mt vi gi tr trong ct
bng cch chn mt vi gi tr c lin quan.
8. S dng cng thc n gin khc trong Excel 2007
Cng thc

Tnh nng

AVERAGE
MAX
MIN

Tn trung bnh
Gi tr ln nht
Gi tr nh nht

Hm SUM ch l mt trong cc tnh nng ca Excel, ngoi ra n cn c cc cng thc

khc nh AVERAGE, MAX, MIN h tr bn thc hin cc cng thc c kt qu
ngay. Nu bn t tnh ton, th tht s kh khn ra kt qu chnh xc.
9. Tm gi tr trung bnh

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 tm gi tr trung bnh ca hai thng, click vo C7 v sau :

1. Trn tab Home, trong nhm Editing, chn mi tn ca nt Sum v sau chn
Average.
2. Nhn ENTER hin th kt qu trong D7.
Bn cng c th nhp cng thc trc tip trn D7 =AVERAGE(B7:C7), kt qu s ra
tng t.
10. Tm gi tr ln nht hoc nh nht

tm gi tr ln nht trong mt phm vi, click F7 v sau :

Trn tab Home, trong nhm Editing, chn mi tn trn nt Sum v sau chn Max.
1. Nhn Enter hin th kt qu trong F7.
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2. Cng thc MAX tm ra gi tr ln nht trong mt dy s v chc nng MIN tm ra gi

tr nh nht. Vi v d trn cng thc l MAX(F3:F6) v gi tr ln nht l 131.95.
tm gi tr nh nht trong v d trn, click vo Min sau ENTER, kt qu s hin ra.
Trong trng hp ny cng thc l =MIN(F3:F6) v kt qu l 131.75.
In cc cng thc d ghi nh

Bn c th in cc cng thc v t chng trn bng hoc bn lm vic nhc nh bn

to ra cng thc ny nh th no. in cc cng thc bn cn th hin cng thc trn
bng tnh (worksheet), lm iu ny bng cch nhn tab Formulas v trong nhm
Formula Auditing chn Show Formulas
Office

. By gi ch vic click nt Microsoft

v in n.

Nu bn mun n cng thc th cng lp li cch bn lm cho n hin ln bng tnh.

Hoc bn c th dng phm tt CTRL+` (phm ` hu ht u c trn bn phm) hin
hoc n cng thc trn bng tnh.
11. Du hiu l xut hin trn bng tnh
Mt khi du ##### xut hin trn bang tnh th n cho bit do b li hoc ct qu hp
hin th kt qu ca n.

16

Thnh thong Excel khng th tnh ton kt qu v cng thc b li. Sau y l 3 li
thng gp nht:
##### Ct khng rng hin th kt qu trong , nn ko chiu rng cho .
#REF! Mt gi tr khng hp l. Cc b xa hoc b dn gi tr khc ln.
#NAME? Tn cng thc b sai v Excel khng hiu cng thc . Khi bn click vo
#NAME? th n s hin ra nt bn c th sa sai.
m. Tm nhiu cng thc khc

Click vo nt Sum trong nhm Editing, trn tab Home v sau chn More Functions
m hp thoi Insert Function. Excel cung cp nhiu tnh nng hu ch nh tnh nng
ngy gi. Trong hp thoi Insert Function, chn Help on this function tm hiu cc
tnh nng khc

17

BI IV: Cch dng hm trong Excel 2007 xc nh thng tin ngy

1. Ngy lin quan n Excel nh th no

C mt s khc bit gia ngy c ngha g vi bn v ngy c ngha nh th no i vi

Excel. Vi bn 8/22/2010 l thng, ngy v nm, cn vi Excel, 8/22/2010 l mt dy s
40412. Chnh v vy bn cn phi hiu cch nhp ngy thng nh th no Excel c th
hiu c, chuyn ny s gip bn tit kim thi gian.
Calendar (Lch) ca Excel bt u t nm 1900
Thnh thong Excel khng th tnh ton kt qu v cng thc b li. Sau y l 3 li
thng gp nht:

Ngy thng lu tr trong Excel l mt dy s bt u bng 1 i din cho ngy 1 thng 1

nm 1900, chnh l ngy lch ca Excel bt u. V mi ngy Excel cng thm mt
18

con s. Chng hn nh ngy 2 thng 1 nm 1900 tng ng vi s 2. iu ny c

ngha l khi bn nhp 8/22/2010, th Excel lu tr l 40412 hoc 40411 ngy k t ngy 1
thng 1 nm 1900.
Excel nhn din ngy thng nh th no?

1. Chn Date trong Category.

2. Chn cch th hin ngy thng trong Type.
Khi nhp 8/22/2010, 22-Aug-2010, hoc August 22, 2010, Excel s lu tr dy s 40412.
Ch trong trng hp bn chn format m Excel khng nhn ra ngy nh August-22,2010
hoc 8,22,10, Excel s lu tr di dng text, ch khng phi lu tr di dng dy s.
2. Tnh ton ngy thng bng cch s dng cng thc
Tm kim

Hm
NETWORKDAYS
WORKDAY
DATE
TODAY

S lng ngy lm vic gia hai thi im

Tm thi im sau mt s ngy lm vic v xc nh thi
gian bt u
Tm mt thi im sau mt s thng
Tm thi im sau mt s nm, mt s thng v mt s
ngy

thc hin php tnh s hc trong Excel, cn thit phi s dng cng thc. Trong phn
ny bn s c hng dn nhng cng thc n gin tnh ton s ngy gia hai thi
im v bn cng s hiu ti sao n rt quan trng trong vic nhp ngy thng m Excel
c th hiu c. Bn cng s c hng dn tm hiu nhng cng thc gii nhng
thut ton nh tm hiu bn sng c bao nhiu ngy.

19

3. Cch tm ra s ngy gia hai thi im

1. Cng thc trong bng tnh.

2. Kt qu ca cng thc.
3. Cng thc trong thanh Fomular.
V d rng hm nay l ngy 9 thng 6 nm 2010 v k ngh ca bn bt u t ngy 21
thng 8 nm 2010 v bn mun tm hiu cn bao nhiu ngy na n k ngh. tnh
ton iu ny bn nhp cng thc nh sau: =A3-A2. Kt qu l 73 ngy gia hai thi
im. Excel hiu c gi tr ca A2 v A3. Trong A2 c gi tr l 40411 (6/9/2010)
v A3 c gi tr l 40338. Ly A3 tr A2 th bng 73.
Ch rng du bng (=) trong Excel c ngha l cng thc, du tr (-) c ngha l tr i
mt gi tr v A3, A2 l nhng c gi tr lin quan.
4. Cch tnh ngy lm vic gia hai thi im

20

1. Cng thc trong bng tnh.

2. Kt qu ca cng thc.
3. Cng thc trong thanh Fomular.
Tnh ngy lm vic (Th Hai n th Su) gia hai thi im khng th thc hin bng
php tnh n gin, m n cn c mt cng thc tnh l NETWORKDAYS. Ly li v
d hm nay l ngy 9 thng 6 nm 2010 v k ngh ca bn bt u t ngy 21 thng 8
nm 2010 v bn mun tm hiu cn bao nhiu ngy lm vic na mi n k ngh. Bn
c th nhp cng thc =NETWORKDAYS(A2,A3). Kt qu ra l cn 53 ngy lm
vic na mi n k ngh h.
5. Tm kim ngy sau mt s ngy lm vic

1. Cng thc trong bng tnh.

2. Kt qu ca cng thc.
3. Cng thc trong thanh Fomular.
Gi s bn cn tm ra mt ngy chng hn nh ngy hon thnh d n sau mt s ngy
ml vic (Th Hai n th Su), iu ny tht d dng vi cng thc WORKDAY. Gi
s bn c tnh khong 80 ngy lm vic hon thnh v d n bt u t ngy 31
thng 12 nm 2010 (12/31/2010) v bn mun bit ngy kt thc d n. Trc tin bn
phi nhp thng tin vo A2 v A3 nh hnh trn, k tip bn nhp thng tin v nhng
ngy ngh, mi ngy ngh l mt v sau nhp cng thc
=WORKDAY(A2,A3,A4:A6) vo mt trng.
D n s hon thnh trc ngy 22 thng 4 nm 2011 (4/22/2011). Excel cng 80 ngy
lm vic ( A3) v t ng tr ngy cui tun cng nh ngy ngh trong khong thi gian
A4:A6.

21

6. Tm mt thi im sau mt s thng

1. Cng thc trong bng tnh.

2. Kt qu ca cng thc.
3. Cng thc trong thanh Fomular.
Chng hn bn c 25 thng hon thnh d n t ngy 9 thng 6 nm 2011 (6/9/2011)
v bn cn tm ra ngy kt thc d n. Bn c th s dng DATE, hm ny c ba i s
gm nm, thng v ngy.
V d 25 trong B2 v bn nhp cng thc trong A4 =DATE(2011,6+B2,9). 2011l
i s nm, 6 cng mt gi tr trong B2 l i s thng v 9 l i s ngy, du phy (,)
chia cch cc i s v du ngoc n () dng m v ng cc i s. Kt qu l d
n s kt thc vo ngy 9 thng 7 nm 2013 (7/9/2013)
7. Tm thi im sau mt s nm, mt s thng v mt s ngy

22

1. Cng thc trong bng tnh.

2. Kt qu ca cng thc.
3. Cng thc trong thanh Fomular.
Hy tng tng rng bn c giao mt nm by thng v 15 ngy hon thnh d n
v bn cn tm ngy kt thc d n. Hm DATE ph hp vi yu cu ny, bn hy nhp
cng thc =DATE(2011+B2,6+B3,9+B4) vo A6 nh hnh minh ha trn. 2011
cng mt gi tr trong B2 l i s nm, 6 cng mt gi tr trong B3 l i s thng, 9
cng mt gi tr trong B4 l i s ngy, du phy (,) chia cch cc i s v du ngoc
n () dng m v ng cc i s. Kt qu d n kt thc vo ngy 24 thng 1 nm
2013.

23

BI V: CCH TO BIU
1. To biu trong Excel 2007
Trong Excel 2007, bn c th to ra mt biu trong 10 giy. Sau khi bn to ra mt
biu , bn c th d dng thm cc yu t mi vo n nh tiu hoc thay i cch
trnh by ca biu . Vi Excel 2007 bn cng bit cch bin cc con s v text thnh
ni dung ca mt biu .
2. Cch to biu
To mt biu bng cch nhp chut vo mt trong cc loi biu nhm Charts, trn
tab Insert.

Hnh trn l mt worksheet cho thy tnh hnh kinh doanh ca Cng ty Northwind
Traders Tea theo dng bo co con s v bn c th chuyn sang dng biu d dng
so snh tnh hnh kinh doanh.
1. Chn d liu m bn mun to biu , bao gm cc ct tiu (thng mt, thng hai,
thng ba) v tn ca nhn vin bn hng.
2. Sau , click vo tab Insert, v trong nhm Charts, click vo nt Column. Bn c th
la chn mt loi biu , nhng biu ct thng c s dng so snh.
3. Sau khi bn click vo Column, bn s thy mt s loi biu ct la chn. Click
vo Clustered Column, ct u tin ca biu trong danh sch 2-D Column. Mt
ScreenTip hin th tn biu loi khi bn ngng con tr vo bt c biu no. Cc
ScreenTip cng s cho bn thy thng tin ca tng loi biu .
24

Nu bn mun thay i cc loi biu sau khi bn to biu ca bn, nhp chut vo
bn trong cc biu . Trn tab Design, di Chart Tools, trong nhm Type, bm vo
Change Chart Type v chn mt loi biu khc.
3. Lm th no d liu worksheet xut hin trong biu

Trong biu trn, d liu t mi worksheet cell l mt ct. Hng tiu (tn nhn vin
kinh doanh) l nhng biu ghi ch vn bn bn phi, v tiu ct (nhng thng ca
nm) di cng ca biu . Trong biu , Cencini (i din bi gia ct cho mi
thng) bn c nhiu nht sn phm tr (tea) trong thng mt v thng hai, nhng c
b qua mt bi Giussani trong thng ba.
D liu cho mi ngi kinh doanh xut hin trong ba ct ring bit, mt ct cho mi
thng. Chiu cao ca mi biu tng ng n cc gi tr trong cell m n i din.
Biu hin th cho bn bit lm th no nhng nhn vin kinh doanh so snh vi
nhau theo tng thng.
Mi hng d liu ca nhn vin kinh doanh c mt mu khc nhau trong biu . Biu
ghi ch to ra t cc hng tiu trong worksheet (tn nhng nhn vin bn hng), mu
sc m i din cho cc d liu cho mi nhn vin kinh doanh. V d d liu ca
Giussani l mu xanh m v l ct bn tri ca tng mi thng.
Ct tiu t worksheet, thng Ging, thng Hai, v thng Ba, by gi ang di cng
ca biu . pha bn tri ca biu , Excel to ra mt t l ca s gip bn gii
thch ct chiu cao.
Bt k thay i d liu trong cc worksheet sau khi biu c to ra, ngay lp tc biu
cng thay i.

25

4. Tm hiu v Chart Tools

Khi bn to mt biu , Chart Tools xut hin trn Ribbon, trong bao gm cc tab
Design, Layout v tab Format.

Bn nn bit v Chart Tools, trc khi bn tm hiu v biu . Sau khi biu c
chn vo worksheet, Chart Tools xut hin, vi ba tab: Design, Layout v Format.
Trn nhng tab ny bn s tm thy nhng lnh cn thit lm vic vi biu .
Khi bn hon thnh cc biu , nhp chut bn ngoi biu . Chart Tools s bin mt,
n xut hin tr li, th click vo biu .
5. Thay i biu

Bn c th to biu ca bn so snh d liu ca ngi khc bng cch nhp chut vo

mt nt chuyn biu xem t loi ny sang loi khc. to biu , click vo
Switch Row/Column trong nhm Data trn tab Design. Trong biu bn phi, d liu
26

c nhm theo cc hng v so worksheet ct. Bn c th chuyn biu tr li xem bn

gc bng cch click vo Switch Row/Column ln na.
gi c hai ln xem, chn biu view th hai, copy n v sau paste n trn
worksheet khc. Sau , chuyn v xem bn gc ca cc biu bng cch click vo
trong biu ban u v click vo Switch Row/Column.
6. Thm tiu cho biu
Bn c th cung cp mt tiu cho chnh biu chnh cng nh biu trc o v
m t d liu biu . iu ny c hai biu trc. Mt pha bn tri l trc chiu dc
(cn gi l gi tr hoc trc y). Trc ny l t l ca cc s m bn c th gii thch ct
chiu cao. Nhng thng ca nm di cng l trn trc ngang (cng c bit n nh
l cc th loi hoc trc x).

Tiu biu m t thng tin v biu ca bn

thm tiu biu mt cch nhanh chng bng cch click chut vo biu , sau
n nhm Chart Layouts trn tab Design, click vo nt More
xem tt c cc
layout (trnh by). Mi s la chn hin th mi layout khc nhau c th lm thay i
nhng yu t ca biu . Trong biu trn:
1. Tiu cho biu ny l Northwind Traders Tea, tn ca mt sn phm.
2. Tiu cho cc trc dc bn tri l Cases Sold.
3. Tiu cho cc trc ngang di cng l First Quarter Sales.
Mt cch khc nhp tiu l trn tab Layout, trong nhm Labels, bn c th thm
tiu bng cch click chut vo Chart Titles v Axis Titles.

27

BI VI: CCH TO BO CO VI PIVOTABLE

1. PivotTable I: Lm quen vi PivotTable reports trong Excel 2007
Lm th no t to ra mt bo co dng PivotTable
1.1. Ly d liu lm vic
Hy tng tng mt worksheet Excel ca nhng con s doanh thu vi hng trm ngn
dng d liu. Nhng worksheet trnh by tt c nhng d liu v nhn vin kinh doanh
hai quc gia v h bn bao nhiu hng ha trong ngy, c rt nhiu d liu gii quyt
theo tng hng chia thnh nhiu ct khc.

Lm th no bn c th c c thng tin trong worksheet? Lm th no c th hiu v

tt c nhng d liu ny? Tnh tng th th ai c bn c nhiu nht? Ai bn nhiu
nht theo mi qu hay theo mi nm? Quc gia no c doanh s bn hng cao nht? Bn
c th c cu tr li bng cc bo co PivotTable. Mt bo co PivotTable chuyn tt c
d liu thnh cc bo co ngn gn cho bn bit chnh xc nhng g bn cn phi bit.
1.2. Xem li d liu ngun
Trc khi bn bt u lm vic vi mt bo co PivotTable, hy xem li worksheet
chc chn rng n c chun b cho bo co. Khi bn to mt bo co PivotTable,
mi ct d liu ngun tr thnh mt field m bn c th s dng trong cc bo co.
Fields tng kt nhiu hng thng tin t cc d liu ngun.

28

Tn ca cc field cho cc bo co n t cc tiu ct trong d liu ngun. Hy chc

chn rng bn c tn cho mi ct trn dng u ca worksheet trong d liu ngun.
Trong hnh trn, cc tiu ct Country, Salesperson, Order Amount, Order Date v
OrderID tr thnh tn cc field.
Cc dng cn li pha di tiu nn cha mc tng t trong cng mt ct. V d,
phn text nn trong mt ct, ngy thng trong mt ct khc. Ni cch khc, mt ct
khng nn c cha s v text. Cui cng, khng nn c ct trng vi d liu bn ang s
dng cho cc bo co PivotTable.
1.3. To hp thoi PivotTable

Khi cc d liu c, t con tr bt c ni no trong phn d liu bao gm tt c cc d

liu worksheet trong bo co hoc chn d liu bn mun s dng trong cc bo co, sau
trn tab Insert, trong nhm Tables, bm vo PivotTable v sau nhp vo
PivotTable ln na, hp thoi Create PivotTable s m ra. Chn Select a table or
range, hp Table/Range cho thy phm vi ca cc d liu c chn, chn New
Worksheet hoc Existing Worksheet, nu bn khng mun bo co c t trong mt
29

worksheet mi.
1.4. C bn v PivotTable Report

1. Khu vc layout cho bo co PivotTable.

2. PivotTable Field List.
Hnh trn cho bn nhn thy trong worksheet mi sau khi bn ng hp thoi Create
PivotTable.
mt pha l khu vc layout c sn sn cho bo co PivotTable v pha bn kia l
PivotTable Field List. Danh sch ny hin th cc ct tiu t d liu ngun. Nh
cp trn, mi tiu l mt field nh Country, Saleperson,
Bn to mt bo co PivotTable bng cch di chuyn bt k field no n khu vc layout
cho bo co PivotTable. Bn lm vic ny hoc bng cch chn hp bn cnh tn field,
hoc bng cch bm chut phi vo mt tn field v chn mt a im di chuyn field
n.
Nu bn click bn ngoi khu vc layout (ca mt bo co PivotTable), PivotTable Field
List s bin mt. c PivotTable Field List tr li, nhp chut vo bn trong khu vc
layout bo co PivotTable.

30

2. PivotTable II: Lc cc d liu trong mt PivotTable ca Excel 2007

Lm th no lc v du nhng d liu c chn trong nhng bo co PivotTable
2.1. Ch xem d liu m bn mun xem trong bo co PivotTable

Bo co PivotTable trc khi lc

Hy tng tng rng bn m mt bo co PivotTable cho cc sn phm c bn bi
Adventure Works, mt cng ty hng th thao.
Bo co tm tt hn 6.000 hng d liu, iu cho bn thy rng d liu c ngha nh
th no. V d tng doanh thu hng nm cho mi sn phm trong mt khong thi gian ba
nm v cng l mt tng s doanh thu mi cho mi sn phm. By gi bn mun xem
chi tit. Adventure Works bn cc sn phm khc nhau, t chai nc ng xe p v
vests. Bn ch mun xem doanh s bn xe p thi. Sau , bn mun xem loi xe p
no c doanh s cao nht. V sau bn mun xem mt loi xe p bn trong khong
mt thi gian nht nh.
Bn to mt bo co PivotTable bng cch di chuyn bt k field no n khu vc layout
cho bo co PivotTable. Bn lm vic ny hoc bng cch chn hp bn cnh tn field,
hoc bng cch bm chut phi vo mt tn field v chn mt a im di chuyn field
n.
Nu bn click bn ngoi khu vc layout (ca mt bo co PivotTable), PivotTable Field
List s bin mt. c PivotTable Field List tr li, nhp chut vo bn trong khu vc
layout bo co PivotTable.
2.2. Lc xem ra mt trong nhiu sn phm
By gi bn ch mun xem cc d liu bn hng xe p v cho n tt c cc d liu cn
31

li. lc cc bo co, bm vo mi tn bn cnh Row Labels, chn mc Road bikes

(xe p) trong khu vc ca bo co. trong mc Bn bm vo , v xe p c hin th
trong khu vc hng ca bo co. Khi bn bm vo mi tn , mt trnh n xut hin
vi hp Select field bn chn la v lc thng tin.
Trn trnh n ny l mt danh sch cho thy tt c cc hng trong lnh vc m bn chn.
Xem cc mc trong danh sch chn ng sn phm cn tm thng tin v sn phm no
cn lc. Trong v d ny, mc Product Category bao gm Road Bikes l sn phm bn
cn tm thng tin.
lc thng tin bn b mc Select All, sau chn Road Bikes cui cng nhp Ok, bo
co PivotTable s cho thy d liu ca phn road bikes. Cc d liu khc s khng thay
i, nhng chng khng xut hin.
2.3. Gii hn b lc cho mt sn phm
By gi bn lc thng tin cho mt sn phm v bn mun thu hp thng tin hn na,
do c nhiu loi xe p khc nhau. V d bn chn sn phm xe p Road -350-W, th
cch thc hin nh sau: Dng chut chn sn phm Road -350-W trong ct Road Bikes,
sau nhn chut phi v a chut n filter, n s hin ra mt ca s nh v bn chn
Keep Selected Items. Cui cng ch c d liu ca Road 350-W hin ra.
2.4. Tm loi sn phm c doanh thu cao
Gi s bn mun xem loi xe p no c doanh s hn $100.000, bn c th s dng
Excel xem thng tin trn, cn cc khng tin khc th tm thi n. thc hin vic ny
click vo mi tn trn biu tng filter nm st bn hp Row Labels, chn Product
Name, tip theo ch vo ValueFilters. B lc c d liu v chn nhng dng c nhng
ph hp vi yu cu ca bn, chn Greater Than Or Equal To v chn hp thoi
Value Filter, nhp 100,000 trong hp rng. Kt qu bao gm 13 trong tng s 38 loi xe
p c doanh thu hn $100,000.
2.5. Lc thng tin theo thi gian
Gi s bn mun xem xe p bn nh th trong mt khong thi gian xc nh. Bng
cch s dng b lc, bn c th xem nhng thng tin trong khong thi gian bn thch v
cc thng tin khc tm thi b n.
lc thng tin theo tng nm chng hn bn mun xem d liu trong nm 2011 thi th
bm vo mi tn bn cnh Column Labels, sau click vo hp Select All v cui cng
chn hp 2011. Excel n cc s liu ca 2009 v 2010, ch cn li s liu nm 2011.
Nu bn mun xem mt thi gian c th th bn hy lm cch sau: chn mi tn bn cnh
32

Column Labels, sau ch vo Date Filters, click Between, trong hp thoi Date Filter
nhp d liu ngy thng vo chng hn 11/8/2011 v 12/8/2011 trong hai hp rng, th
bo co s hin thng tin t ngy 8 thng 11 nm 2011 n ngy 8 thng 12 nm 2011.
2.6. Hy b b lc

1. Xa b mt b lc
trong bo co PivotTable bng cch nhp chut vo biu tng
b lc , v sau nhp vo Clear Filter From "Product Category".
2. Xo b mt b lc trong PivotTable Field List bng cch di chuyn con tr qua biu
tng b lc
bn cnh tn field, nhp chut vo mi tr xut hin v sau nhp vo
Clear Filter From "Product Category".
Cha kha xa b cc b lc cng mt lc bng cch s dng biu tng b lc, n
xut hin hai a im khc nhau, mt trn bo co PivotTable
PivotTable Field List

v mt trong

2.7. Hy b mt filter trong bo co PivotTable

loi b mt b lc t mt field xc nh, click vo biu tng
bt c ni no
field b lc xut hin trong bo co, ngay c trn Row Labels hoc trn Column Labels.
Sau click vo Clear Filter From < Field Name >. Hoc la chn cc hp kim tra
bn cnh (Select All) lm cho tt c cc d liu trong field nhn thy c.
Nu bn khng xem thy lnh Clear Filter From cho field lc:

Hy chc chn rng bn chn ng khu vc ca bo co xa b lc: hoc l hng

hoc l ct.
Phi chn ng tn field trong hp Select field. Bn thy rng hp khi bn nhp chut
33

vo biu tng b lc, tn field trong hp phi khp vi tn ca field m bn xa b lc

t . Nu cc tn field trong hp khng ng, chn ng field t danh sch xut hin
khi bn bm vo mi tn bn cnh hp.
2.8. Hy b mt b lc trong danh sch PivotTable Field
Di chuyn con tr qua cc biu tng b lc bn cnh cc tn field m bn mun xa b
b lc t . Click vo mi tn xut hin v sau nhp vo Clear Filter From < Field
Name >.
Xa b tt c b lc ngay tc khc
Trn Ribbon, click vo tab Options di PivotTable Tools. Trong nhm Actions, click
vo Clear v sau nhp vo Clear Filters.
3. PivotTable III: Tnh ton d liu trong nhng bo co PivotTable ca Excel 2007
Lm th no tng hp d liu bng nhng hm khc ngoi hm SUM, nh l COUNT
v MAX. Lm th no din t d liu dng phn trm bng cch s dng nhng tnh
ton c th. Lm th no t to cc cng thc trong cc bo co PivotTable.
3.1. Lm vic vi s

D liu bn hng tm tt trong mt bo co PivotTable.

l vn tin thng Contoso, Cng ty phn phi thc phm. Hy tng tng
rng bn m ra mt bo co PivotTable c cha d liu v nhn vin kinh doanh ca
cng ty. Bo co tm tt ca cng ty ny c khong 800 hng d liu trong Excel. N
cho bit doanh s ca mi nhn vin trong tng nm v trong tng qu. By gi bn
mun s dng bo co nhn vo con s theo mt vi cch khc nhau, bn mun bit s
lng bn hng ca mi nhn vin c thc hin trong nm nay v bn mun xem mi
34

nhn vin ng gp bao nhiu cho tng doanh s ca cng ty, Khi bn thc hin
iu , bn s thy nhn vin no s nhn c tin thng v mi ngi c thng
bao nhiu.
3.2. Tm tt d liu mt cch khc
Bn mun thay i bo co t tnh ton doanh s ca tng nhn vin qua tng nm, bn
c th lm iu bng cch thay i t hm SUM qua COUNT tm tt thng tin.
thay i chc nng, nhp chut phi vo bt c gi tr trong bng bo co, l khu
vc c tiu "Sum of Sales Amount", r chut n Summarize Data By v sau
nhp vo Count. Nhng con s s chuyn i t mt gi tr tng thnh gi tr count. Cc
tiu trn cc s thay i t "Sum of Sales Amount" "Count of Sales Amount."
Sau bn c th phn loi cc n t hng xem ai c c hu ht cc n t hng
mt cch d dng nht. lm vic ny, hy nhp chut phi vo trong bt k nhn
vin kinh doanh no, tr chut n Sort v sau nhp vo Sort Largest to Smallest. Kt
qu, Peacock l ln u tin, vi mt grand tng s 100 n t hng, theo sau l vua vi
74, v sau Leverling vi 73.
3.3. Thc hin mt php tnh %
By gi bn mun xem t l % ca tng nhn vin trn tng doanh thu. Peacock c c
hu ht cc n t hng, nhng chng ta c th tnh s lng n t hng ca c nh
th no so vi tng doanh thu.
lm c iu ny, click chut phi vo khu vc gi tr, tr chut n Summarize
Data By v sau nhp vo More options, nhp vo tab Show values as trong hp thoi
Value Field Settings m ra. Sau , trong hp Show values as, bm vo mi tn v chn
% of total.
Peacock c 18 phn trm trong tng doanh s bn hng cho cc nm, c ta c doanh
s cao nht trong cc nhn vin, t l % trn tng doanh thu khng tng ng vi s n
hng nhiu nht. King ct l doanh thu cao k tip vi 14,42%, theo sau l Davolio vi
12,52%.
3.4. Nhn vin no nhn tin thng?
By gi bn s tnh ton ai s nhn tin thng v s tin thng l bao nhiu bng cch
to ra mt cng thc s dng calculated field. y l mt cng thc mi c a vo
bo co PivotTable.

35

V d nhn vin no bn hng nhiu hn $ 30.000 trong bt c qu no th c nhn 3%

tin thng doanh thu trong qu . to cng thc, pha trn cng ca ca s, trn
Ribbon, bn bm vo tab Options di PivotTable Tools, trong nhm Tools, bm vo
mi tn trn nt Formulas v sau bm vo Calculated Field.
Trong hp thoi Insert Calculated Field, g tn cho cng thc trong hp Name, trong
hp Formula, nhp cng thc ='Sales Amount' * IF('Sales Amount'>30000,3%) tm
ra ngi nhn tin thng v sau bm vo OK.
Din gii cng thc ny nh sau: Nu s doanh thu ln hn 30,000 trong mt qu th
thng 3% (3% ny trn doanh s bn hng). Cn nu doanh s di 30,000 th tin
thng l 0.

36