:

x,
, >0 1.


x .
:

. ( R )
: (0, +)
: f(x)= x , >0
>1 0<<1.

>1:

>1
.

1>>0:

0<<1

.

=1 : .
:
" "
" ".
:

.1

f(x)= logx,
, >0 1. : = y
= logy

, .
,
, .

logx
, :

log : ( 0, + ) R

log y = x y=

:
( 0,+) , . .
:

, .
,

log x

> 1

0 < < 1
:
y = f(x) = log x ,>0 1

.2

= e
= 10 ,
lnx
logx.
= 1 f(x) = 1.
y= logx
y = f(x) = x
, y =
x.

.3

1.

2.

3.

4.

f(x) = (-3) .

f(x) = 3 .

f(x) = 5 .

f(x) = > 1 R.

5. f(x) = +1 0 < 1 +1 >

0.

6. f(x) =

1
3x

R.

1
1
7. < <
3
3

8. 2 < 2

<

9. f(x) =2 g()=
1

2x

10.
x

g() =
3
2

2
f(x) =
3

'.

11.
Q(t)
Q(t) = 2004 . e5t , Q 2004.

1)
2)
3)

, <0

, , >0
1

4)
5)
6)

, . >1
, R

1
, f(x) = . 0<<1 ,
3

7)
a

1
1
>
3
3

8)
9)

<.
,

.
x

3
, : g ( x) =
2

10)

, Q(0)= 2004.e0 =2004

11)

2
f ( x) = .
3

.4

..
12. f(x) = 2x
1
g(x)=
2

(0, 1).

13. f " 1

- 1"
'

14.

f(x) = e

1 - 1.

15.

f(x)
=
e x
1
1.

16. f: IR 1 - 1 f(x) = ,
R

.

17. 1 , 2> 0 0 < 1 log a (1 + 2 ) = loga 1 + loga 2

18. x, > 0 0 < 1 log(x + ) = log .log

19. , > 0 0 < 1 log(x ) = log +log

20. x . > 0 0 < 1 loga

x
= loga x loga

loga a = 0
loga 1 = 1
21.
0 < 1
:

22. 0 < 1 : ( loga ) = loga

(=log)

23.

0
<
1

log2
=
2
.
log

24.

0
<

log 2 x
=
2
logx.

25.

lne
=
log10.

26. 10
.
( . )

27. 0 < , 1 log a loga = 1 ( )

28. , . = 1 loga = -lg.

log2 3 log3 4 log4 8 = 3

29.

30.

31.

log =

<

loga
loga

(
>

0<,

a2log = 2
a

, 1 ,>0)
(

32.

1
5
3

log3 5 = log1

(=

log 1 1 log 1 5 = log 1 5 =

3

log 3 5
= ...log 3 5
1
)
log 3
3

33.

1
log1 = loga

34. log23 + 2 log24- log212= 1

35. 3 . log2 + log5 -log4 = 10.

36.

( = 2 )
( = lg10 )

1
loga 5 log , 0 < , 1

37. f 1 - 1 .

.5

39.

f -1(x)= f (x)

40. f(x) = 2x
g(x) = log2x = .

41. f(x) =

v.

42.

g() = loga x 0 < 1,

f(x), g(x)
1.O f(x), g(x)
.
2.

=0
3. g(x) R
4. f(x),
=0
5. f(2004)< f(2003)
6. g(2004) > g(2003)
7.

(0,1)

.6

43.

f(x), g(x).
1.

=
2. f(x), g(x)


3. f(0)=1 g(1)=0
4. f(2)< g(2)
5. g(x)
(0,)
6. f(x)
(0,)
7. f(x)
R
8.
g(x)
(0,)

1. f ( x ) = 7 2x x

2. x 5 x = 3
5 2 x ,5 6 x ,5 x ,5 3x
3. :
3
)
5

)
)
)
)

7x

2 x +1

2 x +1

5
3
2
= 5 ( x 1)

6 2 x + 4 = 27 x 2 x +8
3 16 x + 2 81x = 5 36 x
3 2 x +5 3 x + 2 = 2

) 9 x +1 27 3 x = 0
) ( 1) x +1 = ( 1) +3 , > 1
) 4 x 10 2 x 1 = 24
) 4 x 2 x + 2 32 = 0
2

4. :
3 5 x 2 y+1 = 59

) x +1 y
+ 2 = 133
5

9 x 1 = 27 3 2 y +3

) yx
= 4 23x
2

2 x 4 y = 128

x 2y = 3

3 x = 5y

) x

5 = 3y

4 x 3 y = 16

) y x

3
=
9

x y = yx

)
2
x
=
y

5. : 5 2 x 2x = 1
2

6. : 2 x + 8 2 x = 6
7. : 16 x 17 4 x + 16 > 0
8. : 6 x + 6 x +1 > 2 x + 2 x +1 + 2 x + 2
9. : 2
3

x 2 x

2
>
3

5 x +16

.7

+ 1

10) R f ( x ) =
)
)
)
)

R
R
1-1

1 2

+3

10. R f ( x ) =
)
)
)
)

R
R
R
1-1

11. R f ( x ) = 2 2 3
) R
) R
) R
) 1-1
12.

f ( x ) = e x .
) x, y R
) f(x+y)=f(x)f(y)
) f(x)=f(y)f(x-y)
) x R * [ f ( x ) ] = f ( x )

13. 10 ,


Q( t ) = Q o 2

t
10

14. f ( x ) = e x . x1 , x 2 , x 3 ,........, x
.. f ( x 1 ) , f ( x 2 ) , f ( x 3 ) ,.........., f ( x )
..
15. f ( x ) =

(2 1)( x
x

3x + 2

.8

1.

2. 52 x = ( 5x ) = 32 = 9 , ...
2

2 x +1

3.

3

5

3
= 2 x + 1 = 1 2 x = 2 x = 1
5

)
9 x +1 27 3x = 0 32( x +1) 27 3x = 0 32 x +2 27 3x = 0 9 y 2 27 y = 0 9 y ( y 3 ) = 0

y=0 y=3 , 3 =0 3 = 3 ,
=1 . ( 3 = y )
) 7 2 +1 = 5( 1) 7( 1) = 5( 1)
= 0 . =1
2

2 + 1 = + 3 2 2 = 0 ....... = 1, = 2

3 16 + 2 81 = 5 36 3 ( 2 4 ) + 2 ( 34 ) = 5 ( 22 32 )

.3

3 2

+ 2 3

= 5 2 3

22

0
2

22
32
2
2
3 2 + 2 2 = 5 3 + 2
3
2
3
3

= 5 3 y + 2

1
=5
y

2
3 y 2 5 y+ 2 = 0, y =
3

=.. , y1 ,y2 =
3 5x 2 2 y = 59
4) )
x
y
5 5 + 2 = 133

, y1 = 1 y2 = 2/3 .

3a 2 = 59

5 + = 133

. ( = 5 = 2y )

1
)

(22 ) ( ..

: = 25 , = 8 , 5 =25=52 , =2
2y =8=23 , y =3 .
6)

52

= 50 2 2 2 = 0 2 ( ) = 0

= 0, , =

=00 =2 , N

=( ) ,

= 2 ( ).
.9

2
<1
3

9)

2 < 5 +16 , 2

-6-16 <0 . : 1 = 8 2 = -2
8
(-2,8)
x
1
1
1 0 < ( 1) ( + 1)
f ( x) =
. 0<
+1
+ 1

10) )
-1

-2

+1

-1
)

1
1
1 1
>1
1 > 0
>0
+1
+1
+1
2
> 0 2( + 1) < 0 < 1
+1

1
1
1 1
<1
1 < 0
<0
+1
+1
+1
2
< 0 2( + 1) > 0 > 1
+1

. . . .
12)

) f ( x + y ) = e x + y = e x e y = f ( x) f ( y ) .
ex
f ( y ) f ( x y ) = e y e x y = e y y = e x = f ( x)
e

[ f ( x ) ] = f ( x )

( e x ) = e x = f ( x ) .

13) 10 ,

: Q(t)=Q 0 e c t
, :
1

1
Q0
1 10 c
1 1 10
c 10
c
10
10
= Q0 e = e e =
= =2
2
2
2 2
t

Q(t) = Q0 e10
14)

1-1

x1 = x2 e = e f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
x1

x2

x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ,........, x

( )

2 x2 = x1 + x3 e 2 x2 = e x1 + x2 = e x1 e x3 e x2

= e x1 e x3 f 2 ( x2 ) = f ( x1 ) f ( x3 )

.
... .
.

.10

( )

1)

i)

logx > lne

, x > 0

ii)

x > 0

log102 =2

iv)

lne3 =3

v)

10
log
=1loge
e

iii)

2)

logx2 < lne2 ,

I) x < y

logx < logy

ii) x < y lnx > lny

iii) x < y

log1 x > log 1 y

iv) x < y

log3 x > log3 y

3)

i) f(x) =2 g(x)
=log2x y =
ii) f g
.
iii) f xx
(1,0).
iv) g yy
(0,1).
v) f ( 2) <g(2)

vi)

1
1
f < g
2
2

vii) H f g

4)

f (x) =

logx
0 < 1
.

[0,+ )

. R

(0,+ )

( ,0)

( ,0]

5) f
(x) = log4x (.5)
. yy
. xx yy
. xx (1,0)
. xx
.

7)

. 5

f (x) = logx < < 1

.

8) f (x) = logx > 1

.
.12

9) f (x) = 2 x
g (x)= log 2x (. 11)

. yy
. (0,0)
. y = x
. y= -x
. xx.

. 11

log1002

10)

. 4
11)

. 2

. 10

. 100

. 10.000

log2 + log7
. log9

12)

B. log14 .

7
log
2

. log5

E. 2log7

log12 - log3
. log9

B. log15

. log36

.12log3

13) . :
i) log1 = 0
ii)

log = 1

iii)

log

iv)

log a = 1

vi)

log k =

1
2

vii)

log =

1
3

viii)
ix)

log 2 =1
log .... 3 = 3

E. log4

v) log

1
= -1

x)

log=0

. 13

14)

:
log(1+ x)= log(1 x)

i)

iii)

ii)

log(1+ x)=1+ log(1 x)

2log(2x 1) log(3x 2x2 )= log(4x 3) log x

iv)

ln

x ln x
=
2
2

15) :
ii)

x(log10log5)= log(4x 12)

i)

log2 (4x +4)= x + log2 (2x+1 3)

log2 (92x )
=1
3 x

iii)
16)

:
log16 x + log4 x + log2 x =7

i)

iii)
17)

log2 (log2 x)= log4 (log4 x)

ii)

log4[log3 (log2 x)]=0

i) :

3log x = xlog3

ii) :
18)

3logx =54 xlog3

i) : xlog52 = 2log5 x 0 < x 1

ii) 3xlog52 + 2log5 x = 64

19)

f(x) = x + ln(ex-1)
A.
. : f(x) = ln2
. : f(x) < x

20) f(x) = log(11x27x + 10)- logx2- 1

. x f
.
f xx
21) f(x) = (log2x+1) +log(2x-1)
g(x) = log(2x+1+7)
. .

. f(x) = g(x).
. x R g(x) > 0.

f ( x ) = log(2 y + 2)
.
2x
g ( y ) = log(21 3 2 )

.14

14) ) log 1-1 , :

log(1+ x)= log(1 x)

1+ x = 1 x 2x = 0 x = 0

( : +1>0 1->0 , >-1 <1 ,

-1<<1 ) . .
)

log(1+ x)=1+ log(1 x) log(1 + x) = log10 + log(1 x) log(1 + x) = log [ 10(1 x) ]

1 + x = 10(1 x) 1 + x = 10 10 x 11x = 9 x =

9
( : 1+>0
11

1->0 .-1<<1). .
x ln x
=
2
2

ln

ln

x 1
= ln x ln x = ln x x = x x 2 = x x( x 1) = 0 x= 0 = 1
2 2

( : >0 ) =1
15) )

x(log10log5)=log(4x 12)
10

x
x
x l og
=log ( 4 12 ) x log 2 =log ( 4 12 )
5

log 2 x = log ( 4 x 12 ) 2 x = 4 x 12 2 x = 2 2 x 12 2 2 x 2 x 12 = 0 (1)

2 =y
(1) : y2 y-12=0 .
4.1.(-12) = 49 ,

=2 -4 =(-1)2 +

y1 ,y2 =..= 4, -3 . 2 =4 = 22 , =2 ( )
2 =-3 .

16)

i) log16 x + log4 x + log2 x =7

log 2 x log 2 x
log 2 x log 2 x
+
+ log 2 x = 7
+
+ log 2 x = 7
log 2 16 log 2 4
4
2

log 2 x + 2 log 2 x + 4 log 2 x = 7 7 log 2 x = 7 log 2 x = 1 x = 2

, >0
17) i)

3log x = xlog3 .

( log
1 1) .
log ( 3log x ) = log ( x log3 ) log x log 3 = log 3 log x ,

ii)

) .
.15

19) ) ex 1 > 0
1 1 )
)

ex > 1 ex > e0 x > 0

( f(x) = ex

f(x) = x + ln(ex-1) = ln2 lnex +ln(ex-1) =ln2 ln[ex(ex-1)]=ln2

ex(ex-1) = 2 e2x - ex -2 = 0 ( ex = y ) y2 y 2 =0
= (-1)2 4.(-2) = 9 , (y1 , y2) =..= (2 , -1)
H y = 2 , y = -1 <0 .

iii)

ex =y = 2 x = ln2 .

f(x) = x + ln(ex-1) < x ln(ex-1) <0 ln(ex 1) < ln1 ex-1 <1
ex < 2 lnex < ln2 x < ln2 .

A
1)

f ( x) =

ln ( 3 x 11)
ln ( x 5 )

. N
. f(x) = 2.
. A x > 6, f(x) > 1.
2) , log178, log 81( 2 x + 2 3x ) , log 3
x,
,

.

3)

= log 12.

f(x) = log(e2x-kex +) ,

f(0) = log2, f(ln6)

. = 5 = 6
. = 5 = 6
.
. f(x) = 1log(e + 1)
. f(ln5)f(0) , f(ln5) , f(ln6)

.
4) A. : 22x + 2 9 2x + 2 = 0
. : log(x2 + 2) > logx + log3
f, g f(x) = ln( e x 1 )
g(x) = ln(ex + 2)
5)

. f g
. f(ln2) g( 1)
. x + f(x) = ln2 + g(x)
.16