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Nhan Biet Cac Chat Huu Co
Nhan Biet Cac Chat Huu Co
Nhan Biet Cac Chat Huu Co
HA HU C
Thuc th
dd Brom
Hin tng
Phai mu nu
Phn ng
CH2 = CH2 + Br2 BrCH2 CH2Br CH CH + 2Br2 Br2CH CHBr2
OH
OH + 3Br2 Br Br Br + 3HBr
Kt dd Brom ta trng
NH2 + 3Br2
NH2 Br Br Br + 3HBr
Anilin
Hp cht c lin kt C = C CC Ankyl benzen Ankin c lin kt ba u mch Hp cht c nhm CH = O: Andehit, glucoz, mantz Axit fomic Este formiat H COO R Hp cht c nhm CH= O Ancol a chc (c t nht 2 nhm OH gn vo 2 C lin tip) Anehit Metyl xton Hp cht c H linh ng: axit, Ancol, phenol Cu2O gch Cu(OH)2 To dd mu xanh l trong sut dd NaHSO3 bo ha Na, K Kt ta dng kt tinh Si bt kh khng mu Kt ta vng nht dd AgNO3 trong NH4OH (Ag2O) dd KMnO4 Phai mu tm
3CH2 = CH2 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3HOCH2CH2OH + 2MnO2 + 2KOH 3CHCH+8KMnO4 3HOOCCOOH + 8MnO4+8KOH
CH3
2 + 2KMnO 4 0
COOK
HO 80-100 C
RCCH + Ag[(NH3)2]OH RCCAg + H2O + 2NH3 R CH = O + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH R COONH4 + 2Ag + H2O + 3NH3 CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO + Ag2O
CH2 OH CH2 OH
HO CH2 HO CH2
CH2 OH HO CH2
]
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TI LIU HA HC
HA HU C
Thuc th
Cl2/s dd Br2 dd KMnO4
Hin tng
Sn phm sau P lm hng giy qu m Mt mu mt mu Sp cho p trng gng Mt mu Mt mu mt mu kt ta mu vng nht kt ta mu Mt mu
Phn ng
as CnH2n+2 + Cl2 CnH2n+1Cl + HCl
Anken Kh Oxi Ankaien dd Br2 dd Br2 dd KMnO4 AgNO3/NH3 (c ni 3 u mch) dd CuCl trong NH3 dd KMnO4, t0
CnH2n2 + 2Br2 CnH2nBr4 CnH2n2 + 2Br2 CnH2nBr4 3CHCH+8KMnO4 3HOOCCOOH + 8MnO4+8KOH HC CH + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH Ag C C Ag + 2H2O + 4NH3 RC CH + [Ag(NH3)2]OH RC CAg + H2O + 2NH3 CH CH + 2CuCl + 2NH3 Cu C C Cu + 2NH4Cl R C C H + CuCl + NH3 R C C Cu + NH4Cl
Ankin
Toluen
CH3
2 + 2KMnO 4 0
COOK
HO 80-100 C
CH = CH2
Stiren
dd KMnO4
Mt mu
+ 2KMnO 4 + 4H2O
2R OH + 2Na
0
Ancol Ancol bc I
Na, K
CuO (en) t0
khng mu
Cu (), Sp cho p trng gng Cu (), Sp khng p trng gng dung dch mu xanh lam
2R ONa
CuO (en) t0
CH2 OH CH2 OH
HO CH2 HO CH2
CH2 OH HO CH2
]
Cu(OH)2
Anilin
nc Brom
To kt ta trng
NH2 + 3Br2
NH2 Br Br Br + 3HBr
Anehit
R CH = O + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH AgNO3 Ag trng trong NH3 R COONH4 + 2Ag + H2O + 3NH3 Cu(OH)2 t0 RCHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH gch RCOONa + Cu2O + 3H2O NaOH, t0 RCHO + Br2 + H2O RCOOH + 2HBr dd Brom Mt mu Andehit no hay ko no u lm mt mu nc Br2 v y l phn ng oxi ha kh. Mun phn bit andehit no v khng no dng dd Br2 trong CCl4, mi trng CCl4 th Br2 khng th hin tnh oxi ha nn ch phn ng vi andehit khng no
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TI LIU HA HC
Cht
Axit cacboxylic
HA HU C
Thuc th
Qu tm
2 CO3
Hin tng
Ha CO2 Ha xanh Ha Khng i
Phn ng
2R COOH + Na2CO3 2R COONa + CO2 + H2O S nhm NH2 > s nhm COOH S nhm NH2 < s nhm COOH S nhm NH2 < s nhm COOH 2H2NRCOOH + Na2CO3 2H2NRCOONa + CO2 + H2O
Aminoaxi t
2 CO3
CO2 Ha xanh dd xanh lam gch Ag trng Mt mu sn phm tham gia p trng gng Vn c dd xanh lam dd xanh lam Ag trng sn phm tham gia p trng gng sn phm tham gia p trng gng
Amin
Glucoz
CH2OH (CHOH)4 CHO + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH CH2OH(CHOH)4COONH4 + 2Ag + H2O + 3NH3 CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO + Br2 CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH+2HBr C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 Glucoz + C6H12O6 Fructoz
Saccaroz
C12H22O11
Vi sa Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2
C12H22O11
Ca(OH)2
C12H22O11.CaO.2H2O
Mantoz
C12H22O11
C12H22O11
H2O
2C6H12O6 (Glucoz)
(C6H10O11)n
nH2O
nC6H12O6 (Glucoz)
ddch iot
To dung dch mu xanh tm, khi un nng mu xanh tm bin mt, khi ngui mu xanh tm li xut hin
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