Bai Giang May CNC

My CNC v Robot cng nghip
Tng Quc Nam Hc vin K thut Qun s
Gii thiu v mn hc 1. Tn mn hc: My iu khin theo chng trnh s v robot cng nghip
T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN
2. S lng n v hc trnh: 3. Mc tiu ca mn hc * Kin thc:
02 (30 tit)
- Cng c cc kin thc c bn v my ct kim loi iu khin theo chng trnh s - Hiu c cu trc h thng iu khin theo chng trnh s cho my ct kim loi - Bit c cu trc, ng hc v ng dng ca robot cng nghip * K Nng: Vn dng c cc kin thc c th tip cn c cng ngh gia cng trn my CNC.
Gii thiu v mn hc Ti liu hc tp

[1]. Nguyn Ngc Cn - My iu khin theo chng trnh s [2]. Nguyn Ngc Cn - iu khin t ng - NXB khoa hc k thut [3]. T Duy Lim - My iu khin theo chng trnh s v robot cng nghip Trng HBK H Ni - 1996 [4]. T Duy Lim - H thng iu khin s cho my cng c - NXB khoa hc & k thut 1999 [5]. Nguyn Thin Phc - Ngi my cng nghip - Trng HBK H Ni 1995 [6] Bi ging
Chng 1. My ct kim loi iu khin theo chng trnh s (My CNC)

# 1.1 Lch s my CNC v cc khi nim lin quan # 1.2 iu khin theo chng trnh s # 1.3 Kt cu my CNC # 1.4 Hiu qu s dng my CNC
1.1. Lch s my CNC v cc khi nim lin quan
Lm th no gia cng cc chi tit, khun mu phc tp? # Xa xa - c chia thnh cc phn n gin hn gia cng - Sau khi gia cng xong, chng mi c ghp li vi nhau thnh chi tit hon chnh bng phng php hn, tn. - Cng ngh t v khng m bo c chnh xc v kch thc v hnh hc mong mun cng nh s ng u v c tnh vt liu. # Sau ny - Dng my chp hnh, ngi ta ch to c cc chi tit phc tp hn. - Cng ngh gia cng trn my chp hnh vn cn nhiu nhc im
chnh xc khng cao (do qun tnh ca h thng ln, do sai s ca mu,...), nng sut thp (do phi hn ch tc trt ca u d trn mu), t v km linh hot (v cc dng mu l cc chi tit c kh chnh xc, dng vt liu c bit nn kh ch to).
NC # NC = Numerical Control
# tng v iu khin s (NC) - C th hnh dung my cng c iu khin s l mt my chp hnh, nhng cc dng, mu, cam,... c kh c thay bng chng trnh my tnh. - Chng trnh khng b mn nh cc dng mu, mang i mang li d dng. - Vic son tho, sa i chng trnh li d, nhanh v r hn nhiu so vi ch to cam, dng,... # 3 nguyn tc i vi my NC cng nghip - S dng my tnh tnh ton qu o chy dao v lu d liu vo ba c l. - Dng thit b c ti my t ng c d liu t ba c l. - H thng iu khin c nhim v x l v lin tc a ra thng tin iu khin cc ng c c gn ln trc vt me.
Lch s pht trin NC

# 1949: - Mu u tin ca my NC do MIT (Vin cng ngh Massachusetts) thit k v ch to theo t hng ca Khng lc Hoa k, sn xut cc chi tit phc tp v chnh xc ca my bay. # 1952: - chic my phay ng 3 trc iu khin s ca hng Cincinnati Hydrotel c trng by ti MIT. # 1960s: - my NC c sn xut v s dng trong cng nghip. - cc b iu khin s u tin dng n in t nn tc x l chm, cng knh v tiu tn nhiu nng lng. - chng trnh c cha trong cc bng v ba c l, kh hiu v khng sa cha c. - Giao tip ngi - my rt kh khn v khng c mn hnh, bn phm. # 1970s: - cc linh kin bn dn c s dng ph bin trong cng nghip - my NC gn hn, tc x l cao hn, tiu tn t nng lng hn,... - cc bng c l sau ny c thay bng bng hoc a t,... - tnh nng s dng ca cc my NC vn cha c ci thin ng k, cho n khi my tnh c ng dng.
CNC
# CNC = Computer Numerical Control
# u 1970s, my CNC ra i: - Cc b iu khin s trn my cng c c tch hp my tnh v thut ng CNC ra i. # My CNC u vit hn my NC thng thng v nhiu mt - tc x l cao, kt cu gn,... - u im quan trng nht ca chng l tnh nng s dng, giao din vi ngi dng v cc thit b ngoi vi khc. # Cc my CNC ngy nay - c mn hnh, bn phm v nhiu thit b khc trao i thng tin vi ngi dng. - nh mn hnh, ngi dng c thng bo thng xuyn v tnh trng ca my, cnh bo bo li v nguy him c th xy ra, c th m phng kim tra trc qu trnh gia cng,... - c th lm vic ng b vi cc thit b sn xut khc nh robot, bng ti, thit b o,... trong h thng sn xut. - c th trao i thng tin trong mng my tnh cc loi, t mng cc b (LAN) n mng din rng (WAN) v Internet.
CNC v CAD/CAM # CAD (Computer Aided Design) - "thit k c tr gip ca my tnh - l mt lnh vc ng dng ca CNTT vo thit k. - tr gip cho cc nh thit k trong vic m hnh ho, lp v xut cc ti liu thit k da trn k thut ho. # CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) - "sn xut c tr gip ca my tnh - xut hin do nhu cu lp trnh cho cc thit b iu khin s (my CNC, robot, thit b vn chuyn, kho tng, kim tra) v iu khin chng. # CAD/CAM - vn xut hin c lp vi nhau, nhng ngy cng xch li gn nhau. - l thut ng ghp, dng ch mt mi trng thit k - sn xut vi s tr gip ca my tnh. # S pht trin ca my CNC v cng ngh gia cng trn my CNC lin quan n: - k thut iu khin t ng, - k thut thit k v sn xut c tr gip ca my tnh (CAD/CAM).
CNC v FMS/CIM # FMS - Mt h thng sn xut t ng, c kh nng t thch ng vi s thay i i tng sn xut c gi l h thng sn xut linh hot (Flexible Manufacturing System - FMS). - FMS gm my cc CNC, robot, cc thit b vn chuyn, thit b kim tra, o lng,... lm vic di s iu khin ca mt mng my tnh. # CIM - S tch hp mi h thng thit b sn xut v tch hp mi qu trnh thit k - sn xut - qun tr kinh doanh nh mng my tnh vi cc phn mm tr gip cng tc thit k v cng ngh, kinh doanh,... to nn h thng sn xut tch hp nh my tnh (Computer Integrated Manufacturing - CIM).
Lch s pht trin ca CNC
1.2. iu khin theo chng trnh s 1.2.1 Nguyn tc cu trc

1.2.2 Cc dng iu khin 1. iu khin theo im 2. iu khin theo ng 3. iu khin theo phi tuyn (contour) 1.2.3 Vt mang tin v ct m ho
1.2.1 Nguyn tc cu trc # S khi h thng iu khin theo chng trnh s

# Nguyn tc iu khin CNC: B iu khin trung tm (MCU Machine Control Unit) m nhim vic iu khin ton b hot ng ca h thng. # Nhim v ca MCU: - c, gii m cc lnh trong chng trnh NC, - Lc v x l cc thng tin hnh hc v thng tin cng ngh, tnh ton cc thng s iu khin, - Xut cc tn hiu iu khin cho cc c cu tng ng: trc chnh, chy dao, thay dao v cc thit b ph tr khc; - Gim st qu trnh m bo yu cu cng ngh v s an ton ca thit b. Chc nng gim st v mt phn chc nng iu khin thng c thc hin thng qua PLC.
# Nhp d liu vo b nh ca my: - bn phm - cc phng tin c khc, nh: c a, c bng. - trao i d liu vi cc thit b lu tr bn ngoi qua giao din truyn thng chun, nh RS 232, RS 485.
# X l d liu: - Do b x l trung tm (CPU) thc hin. - Trn c s cc d liu trong chng trnh, CPU tnh ton cc thng s iu khin h thng. - Tnh ton cng ngh (2): Cc thng tin cng ngh, nh chn dao, chiu v tc quay trc chnh, ti dung dch hoc dng,... c chuyn ti h thng tng ng thng qua b hiu chnh (4), thng l PLC. - Tnh ton hnh hc (3): Thng tin hnh hc ca ng chy dao (dng, hng, tc ) c phn tch thnh chuyn ng c lp ca cc trc. B phn thc hin vic gi l b ni suy (3).
# iu khin trc (iu khin v tr) - Lnh chy dao t b ni suy c a n mch iu khin v tr (Position Control Loop) - gm cc b iu khin ng c, ng c, thit b o v tr, mch phn hi v tr.
# S ca mt h iu khin v tr cho 1 trc.

- Nhn tn hiu (lnh chuyn ng) t b ni suy, so snh vi tn hiu phn hi t sensor gim st v tr thc ca dao. - Chnh lch gia 2 tn hiu trn c dng lm tn hiu iu khin, qua khuych i iu khin v khuych i cng sut, bin i thnh i lng tng t (in p), lm cho ng c chuyn ng.
1.2.2 Cc dng iu khin # iu khin im - im (iu khin im) - L kiu iu khin n gin nht: dng c (dao) c iu khin chy nhanh khng ct (vi tc quy nh trc, khng iu khin c t chng trnh) theo ng thng t im ny ti im kia. - Qu trnh cng tc (ct) ch thc hin ti cc im dng. - Mc ch chnh l cc kch thc nh v im phi t c chnh xc, khng quan tm n qu o. - Kiu iu khin ny dng trn cc my khoan, t l, hn im,...
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- Cc phng php iu khin

iu khin ng thi theo 2 trc (a) iu khin c lp (b)
# iu khin ng (tuyn tnh) - Kiu iu khin ny cho php chy dao c gia cng (iu khin c tc t chng trnh) theo tng trc. - Ti mt thi im ch c th chy dao t ng theo mt trc, nn ch gia cng t ng theo cc ng song song vi cc trc to . - ng dng trn cc my phay, tin n gin. - V d: iu khin ng
(a) my tin (b) my phay
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# iu khin theo contour (bin dng, phi tuyn) - iu khin c gia cng ng thi theo nhiu trc khc nhau. - Nh vy c th gia cng ng thng hoc ng cong bt k. - Phn ln cc b iu khin trong cng nghip hin nay l iu khin contour. - B iu khin contour c th lm c cc vic ca 2 kiu iu khin trc (im, ng). - Cc b iu khin contour c phn loi theo s s trc c th iu khin ng thi: 2D, ,3D hoc nhiu hn.
# iu khin 2D - My c kh nng iu khin ng thi 2 trc. V vy ch c th gia cng ng thng hoc ng cong trong mt mt phng. - VD: my c th iu khin ng thi 2 trc X, Y. Chy dao theo trc Z phi thc hin bng tay hoc sau khi dng 2 trc kia.
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# iu khin
- Tng t nh iu khin 2D, ti mt thi im my ch c th iu khin ng thi 2 trc. - im khc l c th thay i phng trc dao, ngha l c th gia cng trong mt phng X-Y, X-Z, Y-Z. - Trc th ba c th c iu khin t ng khi dng 2 trc kia.
# iu khin 3D - B iu khin 3D c th iu khin ng thi 3 trc. - Nh vy c th gia cng cc ng, mt khng gian, v d mt cu, mt xon vt tr. - Tuy nhin, trn mt s my ch c th gia cng ng thng 3D, ng xon c (ni suy cung trn theo 2 trc v ng thng theo trc th ba). - Ch : s trc c iu khin ng thi khng nht thit bng s trc ca my.
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# iu khin 4D, 5D - iu khin dch chuyn theo 3 trc (3D) - C thm 1 2 chuyn ng quay ca dao (hoc chi tit) xung quanh 1 trc no . ng dng - trong gia cng cc b mt khng gian phc tp - duy tr ch cng ngh: tc ct khng i,...
# Cc dng iu khin - iu khin im - im - iu khin ng - iu khin contour

2D 2 3D 4D, 5D
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
# La chn kiu iu khin ph thuc vo hnh dng b mt cn gia cng # My phc tp hn c th thc hin c vai tr ca my n gin hn
(e) (f)
(g)
(h)
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1.2.3 Vt mang tin v ct m ho # Vt mang tin (phn t mang chng trnh) - Bng t l - Bng t - a t # Ct m ho (m ho thng tin)
- M s ISO
- Nh phn
Tho lun # Phn bit NC v CNC?

# Ti sao ngi ta hay dng khi nim CAD/CAM/CNC? # Phn tch cu trc b iu khin CNC
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Tho lun # Phn tch lung thng tin iu khin v tr?

Tho lun # Cc hnh sau tng ng vi dng iu khin no, trn my no?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
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# 1.1 Lch s my CNC v cc khi nim lin quan # 1.2 iu khin theo chng trnh s # 1.3 Kt cu my CNC # 1.4 Hiu qu s dng my CNC
1.3 Kt cu my CNC # V kt cu chung, my thng thng, my NC v my CNC u c: - phn c s (thn my, bn my, h thng truyn ng trc chnh, h thng chy dao, h thng iu khin, h thng g kp - cc thit b ph tr (lm mt, bi trn, chiu sng,...). # Tuy nhin, kt cu ca tng h thng ca my CNC c nhiu im khc so vi my thng thng. - H thng iu khin trc chnh - H thng iu khin chy dao - H thng g kp chi tit - H thng thay dao
1.3.1 c im kt cu chung # H truyn ng c kh c ch to cng vng, chnh xc, gim thiu ma st. Cc ng trt thng c nhit luyn, ph hp kim gim ma st v mi mn hoc dng con ln. # Cc truyn ng vt me thng c dng vt me - ai c bi gim ma st v trit tiu khe h. # H thng h s, hp tc gn nh khng cn v cc ng c u c iu khin v cp. # Vng lm vic ca my CNC thng c bao kn m bo an ton ti a cho ngi s dng. # Vic thay dao, thay v kp phi, ti phoi,... thng c thc hin t ng.
1.3.1 c im kt cu chung # My CNC hu nh khng cn cc tay quay, cn gt c kh v cc chc nng thay i ch gia cng, dch chuyn bn my (hoc dao) u c thc hin t ng hoc dng cc phm iu khin, tay quay in t. # Thay v kt cu c, h thng khung sn ca my CNC thng c kt cu khung hn, cho php gim khi lng, t b bin dng nhit m vn cng vng v n nh. # Cc my v cc trung tm gia cng CNC thng c trang b cc h thng thay dao t ng, cp phi t ng, ti phoi t ng. # V tr ca i dao thng c chuyn v pha sau my thun tin cho iu khin v khng cn tr quan st ca cng nhn. # Bng my tin thng c t nghing tng n nh, gim kch thc chiu ngang v d thot phoi.
1.3.2 H thng iu khin trc chnh # Cng nh trn cc my thng thng, trc chnh trn my CNC m bo chuyn ng ct chnh. - Trn my phay, l trc mang dao phay, - Trn my tin l trc mang phi. - Trn my mi, trc chnh mang mi. # Trc chnh l b phn tiu tn nng lng nhiu nht trn my. V vy cng sut trc chnh thng c dng lm ch tiu nh gi cng sut gia cng ca my. # Yu cu c bn i vi trc chnh l c khong thay i s vng quay rng, vi momen ln, n nh v kh nng qu ti cao. # Trn cc my thng thng: dng ng c xoay chiu khng ng b hoc ng b km hp s c kh c cp v v cp.
1.3.2 H thng iu khin trc chnh # Trn my CNC, tc trc chnh cn c iu khin v cp, t ng theo chng trnh, trong phm vi rng. - Rt cn thit khi thay i ng knh dao phay hoc ng knh phi tin m li cn duy tr vn tc ct khng i. - Gia cng ren bng u ta r cng, gia cng ren nhiu u mi,... cn i hi phi nh v chnh xc gc trc chnh. # S dng cc loi ng c d iu khin t ng tc : - ng c mt chiu, xoay chiu ng b. - ng c khng ng b iu khin bng bin tn c s dng rng ri. - khi cn nh v gc trc chnh, ngi ta gn encoder ln trc ng c. # So vi trc chnh ca my thng thng, trc chnh ca my CNC lm vic vi tc cao hn (ti hng vn v/ph), thng xuyn c gia tc ln. V vy, yu cu cn bng, bi trn c bit cao cc my CNC.
1.3.3 H thng iu khin chy dao # H thng chy dao m bo chuyn ng to hnh, nn n quyt nh kh nng cng ngh (tc l kch thc, hnh dng, chnh xc ca b mt gia cng) ca my. # Trn thc t, chuyn ng to hnh c th do dao hoc phi thc hin, nhng ngi ta quy c trong mi trng hp coi phi ng yn, cn dao chuyn ng. # So vi cc h thng khc, h thng chy dao ca my CNC c nhiu thay i nht so vi my thng thng. - S thay i r nht l mi trc chy dao c iu khin bng mt ng c ring. - S phi hp gia cc chuyn ng to hnh theo cc phng l do b iu khin m nhim. - H thng truyn ng c kh lin kt ng hc gia cc trc, k c cc tay quay l khng cn thit.
Cc trc c iu khin
# Trn my phay, thng c 3 trc c iu khin l X, Y, Z.
# Trn my tin, s trc iu khin thng l 2 - trc X v Z . # Cc my hin i v cc trung tm gia cng thng c ti 4, 5, 6 trc iu khin hoc hn. # Theo tiu chun quc t, ngi ta t tn 3 trc quay quanh cc trc X, Y, Z l A, B, C. Nu c cc trc tnh tin song song vi X, Y, Z th ngi ta gi chng l U, V, W.
Xch truyn ng
# c im - m bo chnh xc v m du chuyn ng, trong cc xch truyn ng c kh my CNC u dng c cu vt me - ai c bi. # Kt cu - ng c (1) thng c lp trc tip ln trc vt me hoc qua b truyn ai rng, c kh nng truyn ng m v chng trt. - Mt u ca trc c th (nu khng dng thc thng) c gn thit b o v tr, encoder quay (3). - Bn my (2) c gn trn ai c (5).
m bo cht lng truyn ng

# Mc ch: - kh khe h, - m bo m du chuyn ng khi o chiu - tng cng vng ca h thng # Gii php - to sc cng gia vt me v ai c nh lc kp gia hai na ca ai c bi 1. - lc cng v khe h c hiu chnh nh thay i chiu dy ca vng cch 2.
1. ai c bi 2. Vng iu chnh khe h 3. Bi 4. Vt me bi
1.3.4 Thit b g kp chi tit (phi) # V c bn, c cu kp chi tit trn my CNC khng khc vi trn my thng thng.
Mt s im khc: # My CNC lm vic tc cao, gia tc gc ln. - V vy cn bng ng phi rt cao gim lc ly tm cng nh rung ng. - H thng v bi trn cng phi c kh nng lm vic tc cao. # H thng kp phi c kh nng c iu khin t ng. - h thng kp t ng dng in c, thu lc, kh nn tc ng nhanh t chng trnh - dng robot cng nghip. # Thng c cu kp phi c ni ghp v lm vic vi c cu cp phi t ng.
1.3.5 H thng thay dao

# Nhim v ca h thng thay dao l ct tr c mt s lng dao cn thit v a nhanh mi dao vo v tr lm vic khi c yu cu. Cc my CNC hin i thng c trang b h thng thay dao t ng theo chng trnh (Automatic Tool Changer - ATC). # Cc yu cu i vi h thng thay dao t ng: 1. Qun l v thay i chnh xc dao theo chng trnh. - Mi dng c u c cc c trng hnh hc v c hc ring. Nu h thng lp nhm dng c th khng ch nh hng n nng sut, cht lng gia cng m cn gy nguy him. - Trn my CNC, mi dng c c c trng bi mt m ring. M cng vi cc thng s b dao c lu tr trong mt CSDL c bit. - Bnh thng cc dao c lp sn trn i dao, ti mt v tr xc nh. Khi dao c a vo v tr lm vic th b iu khin phi tham chiu n d liu ca n tnh ton lng b. 2. Thay nhanh gim thi gian ch. - u quay dng a (nh i revolver) - kho cha (gi l Tool Magazine).
Cc thng s b dao
# Dao phay. - V tr ca dao c b iu khin xc nh qua to im B, nm trn mt u ca trc g dao v ng tm l g. - Thng s b dao: dng xc nh v tr ca li ct: L, R # Dao tin. - Thng s b dao: L, Q, R
i dao revolver
# c im s dng - hay c dng trn my tin, - i khi dng cho my phay. - cc dao c lp trn mt ngoi hoc trn mt u ca a quay. - c ng c truyn ng ring, c iu khin theo chng trnh. - mi i dao c th cha 8 n 16 dao. My ln c th c 2 - 3 i dao # Khi mt dao no c gi theo lnh trong chng trnh th i s quay cho n khi dao v tr ch gia cng. # Thi gian thay dao rt nhanh: ch tnh bng phn mi giy. # Trn mt s my, b iu khin c kh nng xc nh chiu quay sao cho gc quay ca i nh hn 180o.
Kho cha dao

# Khi c trn 48 dao th thng dng kho cha
# C nhiu dng kho cha: - dng thng vi cc dao xp theo hng; - dng vng vi cc dao xp theo cc vng trn ng tm; - dng a vi cc dao xp trn mt u ca a; - dng xch vi cc dao b tr trn tng mt xch.
Kho cha dao

# Khi c lnh thay dao, h thng lm vic theo trnh t sau: - Chuyn dao cn lp trn kho n v tr thay; - Di chuyn trc chnh n v tr tng ng, ch thay dao; - Quay tay gp i din vi dao c trn trc chnh v dao mi trn kho; - Chuyn ng dc trc rt dao c khi trc chnh v dao mi khi kho cha; - Quay 180o i ch 2 dao; - t cc dao vo v tr mi trn trc v trn kho cha; - Chuyn ng v v tr ch. # Thng thi gia thay dao ko di khong vi giy. Trn cc my hin i v s dao t, thi gian thay dao ch c 0,1 giy.
Kho cha dao

# Trung tm gia cng 5 trc vi kho cha dao dng a
Kho cha dao

# Trung tm gia cng 5 trc vi h thng chuyn phi v thay dao t ng, kho cha dng xch
C cu thay dao
1.4 Hiu qu s dng my CNC # V bn cht vt l, qu trnh gia cng trn my thng thng v my CNC hon ton nh nhau: - V: kch thc v cht lng b mt ca chi tit gia cng c hnh thnh v iu khin bi s tng tc c, l, ho gia dng c v chi tit gia cng. - Do : l thuyt ct gt kim loi c nghin cu v ng dng hng trm nm nay da trn my truyn thng vn ng cho my CNC. # Hiu qu do iu khin s mang li: - Cho php thc hin hp l hn cc ch gia cng, pht huy nng lc ca my mc cao hn m trn my thng thng, do hn ch ca iu khin th cng, khng thc hin c. - S tch hp gia k thut c kh, iu khin t ng v cng ngh thng tin to ra cho my CNC cc tnh nng mi, vt tri so vi my thng thng. - Vic chuyn vai tr iu khin ca con ngi cho my to nn s chnh xc, linh hot, nhanh nhy, bn vng ca h thng.
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1.4.1 So snh phng thc thc hin qu trnh gia cng # Truyn lnh K
My thng thng Cng nhn tho ngh trc tip iu khin theo kch thc v iu kin k thut ghi trong bn v. (chng trnh gia cng nm u?)
My NC Chng trnh NC truyn vo b nh t bng hoc ba c l.
My CNC Chng trnh NC c - nhp vo b nh t bn phm, a t, ng truyn thng. - lu b nh trong hoc b nh ngoi (a cng, card nh).
1.4.1 So snh phng thc thc hin qu trnh gia cng # m bo kch thc gia cng
My thng thng Cng nhn nh phi k o kch thc b mt gia cng.
My NC B iu khin thng xuyn gim st kch thc gia cng nh tn hiu phn hi v tr hoc t thit b o tch cc km theo.
My CNC B iu khin thng xuyn gim st kch thc gia cng theo chng trnh, nh tn hiu phn hi v tr v iu khin ng c servo. Ngoi ra c th can thip vo qu trnh gia cng nh cc thit b o khc, v d u d, my o 3 chiu.
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1.4.1 So snh phng thc thc hin qu trnh gia cng # iu khin ch cng ngh
My thng thng Cng nhn - t cc thng s (tc trc chnh, tc n dao,...) bng tay - iu khin my bng cc v lng, cn gt, phm,...
My NC Ch cng ngh c ghi trong chng trnh NC. B iu khin c, tnh ton tc chuyn ng v truyn lnh cho cc h truyn ng tng ng.
My CNC
My tnh vi phn mm chuyn dng thc hin mi chc nng tnh ton cng ngh (nh chng trnh v d liu cng ngh, thng s my, dao,... c lu sn trong my) v iu khin gia cng. - Phn mm c c chc nng gim st qu trnh, cnh bo li v s c. - C th trc tip thay i ch cng ngh t bn ngoi chng trnh.
1.4.2 Nng sut gia cng cao # Tng thi gian gia cng mt lot chi tit T gm 3 thnh phn:
T = Tc + Tp + Tck - Tc - thi gian chnh (trc tip ct gt); - Tp - thi gian ph (thi gian chy khng, thay dao, thay i ch ct, kim tra,...); - Tck - thi gian chun b - kt thc lot gia cng (chun b dao c, g, dng c o, phi liu,...). # V l thuyt, iu khin s khng lm gim thi gian chnh m ch gim 2 thnh phn thi gian cn li. # Trn thc t my CNC cho php gim c 3 loi thi gian so vi my cng c truyn thng. # Thi gian trc tip gia cng (Tc) trn my thng thng ch chim khng qu 10% trong tng s thi gian gia cng (T). Trn my CNC thi gian ln ti 70%.
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1.4.2 Nng sut gia cng cao # Thi gian chnh Tc c ci thin nh pht huy ti a cng sut gia cng ca my. - Tc gia cng cao
Khng ph thuc tay ngh, tnh trng tm sinh l ca cng nhn My CNC c kt cu c kh cng vng, n nh v c, nhit nn tc v cng sut gia cng c th pht huy ti a. Ch cng ngh trn my CNC dng nh ch ph thuc vo yu cu k thut ca chi tit gia cng. V d, tc trc chnh trn my tin CNC c th ti hng vn vng/pht, cn khi lm vic trn my thng thng, cng nhn ch c th chy ti vi ngn vng/pht.
- Vic gia cng bng nhiu dao, nhiu v tr ng thi cng lm gim ng k thi gian chnh.
1.4.2 Nng sut gia cng cao # Gim thi gian ph Tp - tng tc chy khng, gim thi gian nh v: G0 XX m/ph - thay dao t ng: thi gian thay dao ch tnh bng giy. - Ch cng ngh c thay i t chng trnh, cng nhn khng mt thi gian gt s. - Loi b vic dng my kim tra kch thc trong cc nguyn cng. - Cp phi, kp nh phi, ly chi tit t ng nn thi gian g kp phi rt ngn. - Khi lm vic vi my CNC, cng nhn ch ng vai tr gim st ch khng tham gia trc tip vo qu trnh gia cng nn my c th lm vic c khi vng mt cng nhn v mt cng nhn c th trng coi nhiu my.
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1.4.2 Nng sut gia cng cao

# Gim thi gian chun b Tck: - Vic chun b my CNC gia cng mt loi sn phm mi rt nh nhng: np chng trnh gia cng v chun li cc to . - Ton b thi gian trn ch cn khng qu 30 pht. - Trong khi , nu chi tit i hi thit k v ch to g th thi gian trn c th ko di hng tun. - Kh nng iu khin v phi hp chnh xc cc trc theo chng trnh cho php loi b cc g v dao nh hnh phc tp. - Nh vy khng nhng gim c thi gian lp t, cn chnh g m cn loi b cc sai s truyn ng do ch to v hao mn c kh, tng chnh xc gia cng. - Vic lp chng trnh mi c th tin hnh ngoi my (trn my tnh c lp) hoc thc hin ngay trong khi my gia cng nn chim thi gian my khng ng k. - Cc my v cc trung tm gia cng CNC cho php tp trung nguyn cng cao . Trn mt my c th gia cng nhiu b mt, bng cc phng php cng ngh khc nhau; c th gia cng th v tinh trn cng mt my, trong cng mt ln g, bng nhiu dao, nhiu trc ng thi. iu gim bt vic vn chuyn, g t nn khng nhng lm tng nng sut m cn gim sai s gia cng.
1.4.3 Cht lng gia cng cao

# Cht lng gia cng ( chnh xc kch thc, hnh dng v cht lng b mt gia cng) ph thuc 3 yu t: nguyn vt liu, thit b v cng nhn.
# Thit b: - My CNC m bo chnh xc cao v ng u nh h thng iu khin - o lng rt chnh xc (c 0,01 - 0,001 mm), - h thng c kh cng vng v n nh, - qu trnh ct c iu khin hon ton nh chng trnh nn loi tr c cc sai s do ch to v hao mn cc c, dng. - Cc my CNC hin i u c kh nng b kch thc v mn dao, b khe h v bin dng nhit c kh. # Cng nhn: - Trn my thng thng, tay ngh v tnh trng tm, sinh l ca ngi th nh hng rt ln n cht lng gia cng. - Khi gia cng trn my CNC, cng nhn ch c nhim v np chng trnh, gim st vic g phi, thay dao v tnh trng lm vic ca my. V vy tm sinh l, tay ngh ca cng nhn hon ton khng nh hng n cht lng gia cng.
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1.4.4 Tnh linh hot cao # 1. Trn mt my CNC c th thc hin nhiu chc nng cng ngh khc nhau v vic chuyn i gia cc chc nng rt d dng. - V d, trn my phay CNC c th thc hin cc nguyn cng khoan, khot, doa, gia cng mt phng, nh hnh, rng, ren, gia cng cc rnh, hc phc tp nh hc trn, ch nht, elip,... - Cc mt cong khng gian, nh mt cu, mt xon c,... cng c th gia cng trn my phay 3 trc. - Cc my phay 4-5 trc ci thin ng k nng sut v cht lng gia cng v c th gia cng cc sn phm ngh thut, nh tc tng. - My tin CNC, ngoi cc chc nng nh my thng, c th gia cng ren vi bc thay i, ren trn mt cn. - iu quan trng l cc mt cong nh hnh c th gia cng trn my CNC mt cch d dng, dng g v dao thng thng ch khng cn g v dao chuyn dng. - Trn cc trung tm gia cng c th thc hin cc cng vic phay, khoan, doa, tin, mi,... ng thi.
1.4.4 Tnh linh hot cao # 2. Vic thay i i tng gia cng trn my CNC rt d dng, gn nh ch thay i chng trnh ch khng cn thay g, dao c phin phc nh trn my thng thng.
>> Nh c kh nng thch ng linh hot vi i tng gia cng m my CNC l thit b c bn ca cc h thng sn xut linh hot (FMS). >> Nh tnh linh hot cao m my CNC c s dng ph bin khng ch trn cc dy chuyn, trong cc t bo sn xut t ng m cn c s dng ring l trong loi hnh sn xut n chic, lot nh, thm ch c ch th.
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1.4.5 Chi ph gia cng gim # Chi ph gia cng mt lot N chi tit:
C = Ctx(1 + p)N + Ccb Ctx - chi ph cho mt chi tit: nhn cng, nguyn vt liu, nng lng p - t l ph phm trung bnh; N - s lng chi tit trong lot; Ccb - chi ph c bn, gm khu hao thit b, nh xng,... # My CNC c nng sut cao, khng i hi cng nhn bc cao, t sinh ph phm nn cho php gim chi ph thng xuyn. # Chi ph mua sm, bo tr, lp trnh, m bo mi trng cho my CNC ln hn nhiu ln so vi my thng thng. V vy cn phi cn nhc v kinh t khi mua sm my CNC.
1.4.6 Phm vi s dng my CNC - Cc my CNC c trung bnh, b iu khin contour n gin khng t hn nhiu so vi my vn nng. - Cng ngh CAD/CAM cho php lp trnh cho my CNC tr nn n gin. >> My CNC ngy cng c s dng ph bin v dn dn thay th my vn nng c trong gia cng thng thng.
Sn lng
II I
phc tp v chnh xc ca chi tit
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Tho lun # c im (v mt hnh thc) no gip ta phn bit my thng thng, my NC v my CNC?
# H thng iu khin trc chnh trn my CNC c im g khc so vi my thng thng? # H thng iu khin chy dao trn my CNC c im g khc so vi my thng thng? # C cu no c dng trong truyn ng chy dao trn my CNC, gii php tng cht lng truyn ng? # Cc kiu h thng thay dao v phm vi p dng? # Khi nim thng s b dao? V, k tn cc thng s b dao ca dao phay, tin? # Di gc nh qun l, khi no th anh (ch) s dng my CNC trong doanh nghip ca mnh? Ti sao?
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# 1.1 Lch s my CNC v cc khi nim lin quan # 1.2 iu khin theo chng trnh s # 1.3 Kt cu my CNC # 1.4 Hiu qu s dng my CNC # 1.5 H thng to v cc im gc, im chun # 1.6 C s vn hnh my CNC
1.5 H thng to v cc im gc, im chun
1.5.1 H thng to # Cc h to chnh - X, Y, Z - A, B, C # Cc h to ph - U, V, W - P, Q, R - A, B, C # Qui tc xc nh h to : - Qui tc bn tay phi
# H to trn my tin
# H to trn my phay ng, my khoan

# H to my phay nm ngang
1.5.2 Cc im gc, im chun # Cc im gc, im chun trn my

# im gc ca my M
M M
# Mi quan h M v R R R
# im chun ca my R
# im gc phi W
# im gc phi W
# im chun ca dao
# im gc chng trnh P
# im thay dao N
# im gc ca dao E
# Mi quan h gia cc im gc, im chun

# Mi quan h gia cc im gc, im chun

E N M W
E M N W
1.6 C s vn hnh my CNC 1.6.1 Cc ch lm vic

# Manual / JOG - Ch chy dao "bng tay". - Cc trc c th di chuyn nh cc phm trn bn iu khin hoc bng "tay quay in t" gn vi my. - Khi cn c th quay trc chnh theo chiu tri hoc phi. - Ch ny c dng khi g dao, g phi hoc gia cng n gin. # MDI (Manual Data Input) - C th nhp cc lnh v gia cng ngay theo cc lnh . - Sau khi thc hin xong, chng c xo khi b nh. - Dng kim tra to dao, phi hoc gia cng n gin. # Single Block - Ch gia cng t ng, nhng ch chy tng lnh. - Sau khi hon thnh mi lnh, my dng ch ngi dng nhn nt mi chy tip lnh sau. - Ch ny c dng kim tra, tm li hoc th chng trnh.
# Automatic - Chy t ng ton b chng trnh - L ch lm vic ch yu ca my. - Chng trnh c chy hon ton t ng t u n cui. - C th thay i ch gia cng (tc trc chnh, tc n dao) bng cc nt OVERRIDE. - C th tm dng chng trnh bng phm STOP, sau li tip tc. - Nu nhn phm NC STOP th chng trnh quay li t u. Ch : - Ch chy ch ny khi m bo chc chn v s ng n ca chng trnh, g phi v dao. - Khng tu tin gim tc trc chnh trong qu trnh gia cng phng gy dao. - Mun STOP chng trnh phi ch lc dao khng ct vo phi hoc phi gim tc n dao dn ti 0.
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# Son tho (Edit) - Dng son tho, sa cha chng trnh. - Ngi dng nhp lnh t bn phm. - Cc my CNC hin i cho php son tho mt chng trnh trong khi ang gia cng theo mt chng trnh khc. # M phng - M phng l phng php kim tra bng cnh chy chng trnh trn mn hnh. - Nh mphng c th nhn thy din tin ca qu trnh gia cng, ngha l thy dao chy v phi b ct i nh th no. - M phng khng cho php kim tra ch cng ngh. - C nhiu phng php m phng:
v ng tm dao, v vt dao, m phng trong mt hnh chiu, trong 3 hnh chiu m phng 3D.
# Dry run - Ch th chng trnh bng cch chy khng ti: trc chnh khng quay, cn cc trc chy vi tc cao nht. - Nh chy kh ngi dng c th quan st trc chy thc. - Cn c bit ch phng va chm nguy him khi chy kh.
# Mt s chc nng khc: - TEACH IN (dy), t ng ghi li chng trnh khi chy dao bng tay. Ch ny c dng lp trnh gia cng nhng ch kh. - REPOS, cho php ly li v tr va dng gia cng, v d sau khi gy dao. - BLOCK SEARCH: cho php bt u gia cng t lnh chn bt k ca chng trnh m khng phi t u chng trnh.
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1.6.2 B dao (Tool Compensation ) # Sai s do bn knh dao

# Chc nng b dao t ng lm n gin vic lp trnh, thay dao. Bn cht ca qu trnh b dao nh sau: - V tr ca dao c i din bi to gc dao (E) - Cc thng s hnh hc ca dao c ng k trong bng d liu dao, - Khi lp trnh ch cn quan tm n bin dng chi tit trong bn v, km theo ch dn b dao tri, phi hay khng b dao, - Khi gp lnh gi dao trong chng trnh, b iu khin s tm d liu ca dao trong file d liu, t ng tnh cc tham s b v dch dao, mi dao ct ng bin dng.
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1.6.3 Chun b gia cng trn my CNC # Cc cng vic ging nh trn my thng thng - chun b phi liu, my mc, g, dao, nghin cu bn v,...
# o v nhp d liu dao # t gc to phi (Zero offset)
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Tho lun # Chc nng ca tng ch lm vic trn my CNC?

# Khi chun b gia cng vi mt chng trnh NC mi, ngi vn hnh cn thc hin cc cng vic g?
Tho lun # Cc im gc, im chun trn my CNC: lit k, ngha? Ngi s dng cn phi quan tm n cc im gc, im chun no trn my CNC? V sao?
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Chng 2. H thng iu khin s dng cho My ct kim loi

# 2.1 H thng iu khin theo chng trnh s # 2.2 H thng o lng dch chuyn
2.1 H thng iu khin theo chng trnh s
Bn v
Chng trnh Vt mang tin c Nh Ni suy So snh H lnh ng/ngt iu khin
Truyn ng
Bn my
o lng
Truyn ng
Bn my
2.1.1 Nguyn tc cu trc # Qu trnh x l s ngoi my - Thit k kt cu >> Bn v chi tit - Tnh ton cng ngh >> Bn v cng ngh - Lp trnh gia cng >> Chng trnh NC - Chng trnh NC >> M ho >> Ghi vo vt mang tin # Qu trnh x l s trong my (iu khin kn) h lnh ng i - c chng trnh NC t vt mang tin - Chuyn i sang tn hiu tng t (tn hiu in) - Xut ra gi tr Cn >> a ti b so snh theo tn s nht nh - Thu thp gi tr Thc thng qua h thng o lng >> a ti b so snh - B so snh:
Tn hiu iu khin = Cn Thc Cp Tn hiu iu khin cho h truyn ng
- H truyn ng: hot ng theo tn hiu iu khin

Tn hiu iu khin <> 0 th Chy Tn hiu iu khin = 0 th Dng
2.1.1 Nguyn tc cu trc # Qu trnh x l s trong my (iu khin h) h lnh ng i - c chng trnh NC t vt mang tin - Chuyn i sang tn hiu tng t (tn hiu in) - Xut ra gi tr Cn
Tn hiu iu khin = Cn Cp Tn hiu iu khin cho cm iu khin
- H truyn ng: hot ng theo cm iu khin # H lnh ng/ngt (ON/OFF) - c chng trnh NC t vt mang tin - Chuyn i sang tn hiu tng t (tn hiu in) - Xut ra gi tr ON, OFF v gi ti cc cm tng ng
2.1.1 Nguyn tc cu trc # Chng trnh iu hnh c bn - Nhim v: c ci t x l cc nhim v ca mt h KS - Cc chc nng:
Np d liu chng trnh Ghi nh cc d liu X l cc d liu nhn c tn hiu chuyn ng, chc nng ph iu khin chuyn ng trn my
# Cm x l trung tm (CPU) - n nhim (Mono-microprocessor) - a nhim (Multi-microprocessor) # Cu trc ca b iu khin CNC - Cc cm chc nng iu khin s - Cc b ni ghp - Bng iu khin
2.1.1 Nguyn tc cu trc # S khi h thng iu khin theo chng trnh s

Bn v Chng trnh Vt mang tin c Nh Ni suy So snh H lnh ng/ngt iu khin
H lnh ng i
Truyn ng
Bn my
o lng
Truyn ng
Bn my
2.1.1 D liu chng trnh NC # Tiu chun qui nh: - ISO-6983 - nh ngha v phn loi cc d liu cn thit thc hin cc cng vic k thut trn my CNC # D liu hnh hc - Cc gc to , gc tham chiu - Thng s dao - Kiu ni suy - B bn knh dao (v tr dao so vi bin dng gia cng) >> Lm c s tnh ton v tr trong chuyn ng tng i gia chi tit v dao. # D liu cng ngh - Tc trc chnh - Tc chy dao - La chn bi trn,...
2.1.1 D liu chng trnh NC # D liu h tr x l - Cc d liu hnh hc thng khng xc nh mt tp hp cc chuyn ng ring to thnh cc chu k lm vic. - Cc d liu x l cn h tr thm gm:
Cc chu k gia cng khc nhau Cc chu k kch thc Thi im dng kim tra La chn iu chnh La chn dao
2.1.2 M ho d liu # lm g? - Lm nhim v phin dch cho my hiu c chng trnh NC

# nh dng chng trnh, cu trc lnh - Ng php # H thng a ch - Bng ch ci - A to gc, quay quanh trc X - B to gc, quay quanh trc Y - C to gc, quay quanh trc Z - D to gc, quay quanh trc chuyn dng/tc chy dao 3 - E to gc, quay quanh trc chuyn dng/tc chy dao 2 - F tc chy dao - G m lnh - I to theo X ca tm cung trn - J to theo Y ca tm cung trn - M chc nng ph
2.1.2 M ho d liu
# H thng a ch (tip) - N s th t cu lnh - P chuyn ng th 3 song song vi trc X - Q chuyn ng th 3 song song vi trc Y - R chuyn ng th 3 song song vi trc Z - S tc quay trc chnh - T gi dao - U chuyn ng th 2 song song vi trc X - V chuyn ng th 2 song song vi trc Y - W chuyn ng th 2 song song vi trc Z - X chuyn ng c bn song song vi trc X - Y chuyn ng c bn song song vi trc Y - Z chuyn ng c bn song song vi trc Z - : - r nhnh chng trnh # T lnh: - Phi hp cc a ch v gi tr i km: X420, G00, M30,... # Cu lnh: - S ghp ni ti thiu cc t lnh thc hin 1 chuyn ng/chc nng N10 G00 Z-250 X200
2.1.3 Truy cp d liu # Cc phng php truy cp d liu - Bng c l, bng t (NC) - Nhp trc tip t bn phm, bng iu khin (NC, CNC) - a t (CNC) - Truyn d liu trc tip (DNC): mt my tnh trung tm vi nhiu cm NC. # My tnh trung tm >> cm iu khin s: - Ni dung chng trnh - S th t ca chng trnh NC cn gia cng lu trong b nh ca cm KS - Danh mc dao, thng s b dao, s gi, tui th lm vic ca dao - Cc d liu iu khin my # Cc cm KS >> my tnh trung tm - Chng trnh NC c gi gia cng - Danh mc dao v s gi lm vic - Tnh trng my, cc thng bo li, cnh bo - Cc tnh ton hiu chnh
2.1.4 Kim tra h thng KS # Cc chng trnh kim tra hot ng ca h thng KS - c ci t sn trong b nh - c th gi ra kim tra tnh trng my # Chng trnh tng qut - kim tra hot ng ca cc b phn tnh ton: CPU, b nh,... - thc hin t ng mi ln bt my # Chng trnh kim tra hot ng ca cc trc my - kim tra gi tr sai lch trong khi theo di hot ng ca cc trc - to ra cc tnh hung dng t ngt xem c b vt gi tr nh trc hay khng. # Kim tra c php ca cc cu lnh trong chng trnh gia cng - Li m ho s ch ci - a ch khng tng thch - Chc nng khng r - Chng trnh khng thch hp
2.2 H thng o lng dch chuyn 2.2.1 Cc phng php o v tr

# Theo hnh thc truyn ng ly gi tr o - Kiu tnh tin - Kiu quay # Theo hnh thc nh lng gi tr o - Kiu s - Kiu tng t # Theo nguyn tc o - Kiu gia s - Kiu tuyt i # Theo hnh thc o - Trc tip - Gin tip
2.2.1 Cc phng php o v tr # o v tr bng i lng tng t - on ng (gc) cn o c chuyn i lin tc thnh i lng tng t (in p, cng dng) # o v tr bng i lng s - on ng (gc) cn o c chia thnh cc yu t n v c ln nh nhau. - Qu trnh o chnh l vic m (cng dn) cc yu t n v i qua hoc nh s nhn bit cc du hiu ring bit ca n
2.2.1 Cc phng php o v tr # o trc tip - L phng php o bm st cc v tr cn o - Khng cn n cc dn ng c kh trung gian - H thng o c ghp trc tip vi chuyn ng cn o - C chnh xc cao (loi tr c cc sai s truyn ng, bin dng) - Kh thc hin, gi thnh cao
2.2.1 Cc phng php o v tr # o gin tip - Khng o trc tip chuyn ng tnh tin ca bn my m o mt chuyn ng quay tng ng - o chuyn ng quay ca trc vt me (hnh b) - Dng b truyn thanh rng bnh rng bin chuyn ng tnh tin ca bn my thnh chuyn ng quay >> o (hnh c) - C li do sai lch bc vt me / khe h n khp gia hai m rng - Phi tnh ton hiu chnh trong b iu khin
2.2.1 Cc phng php o v tr # o v tr tuyt i - Mi gi tr o u c so vi im 0 (zero) ca thc v c du hiu ring - o tng t - tuyt i: mi v tr trong ng dch chuyn l mt thang in p ring - o s tuyt i: mi gia s v tr c nh du ring bng m nh phn - u im:
Mi ln o cho ngay v tr tuyt i Khng cn qui khng (reference) khi khi ng
- Nhc im:
Phc tp v cu trc Gi thnh cao
- Phm vi p dng:
t c dng trong my CNC
2.2.1 Cc phng php o v tr # o v tr kiu gia s - Ton b phm vi dch chuyn c chia thnh cc bc tng (gia s increments) c ln nh nhau, khng c du hiu ring. - V tr tuyt i c tnh ton bi tng ca cc bc tng i qua so vi im gc. - Cc gia s m hay dng ph thuc vo chiu chuyn ng - u im
Cu trc n gin Gi thnh r
- Nhc im
Khng tr v ngay gi tr v tr tuyt i Phi c im gc tham chiu (Reference point) Mi ln khi ng my phi thc hin php tham chiu im gc
- Phm vi p dng
Ph bin trn my CNC
2.2.2 Cc dng c o v tr Dng c o v tr kiu tng t

# H thng o bng bin tr - Nguyn l: da quan h tuyn tnh gia chiu di ca mt thc o dn in vi in tr ca n - Khng th chia c n 0,001mm nn t c s dng # H thng o bng cm ng t - Mt thc o c dng xoay chiu chy qua, hnh thnh 1 trng in t bin thin - Mt thc o dn in khc t trong phm vi s xut hin 1 in p - in p cm ng ph thuc vo cng t trng (khong cch gia hai vt dn)
# Thc o cm ng quay (Resolve) - s dng nguyn tc o bng cm ng t - o v tr theo kiu tuyt i chu k, khng trc tip # Thc o cm ng quay khng c vnh qut - Stator hai pha c 2 cun dy qun, t thng ng trn nhau - c cp cc in p xoay chiu lch pha nhau 900: U1 - Tn s ph bin l 2,5 kHz - T trng bin thin hnh thnh, gy cm ng trong cun rotor mt in p U2. ln ca U2 ph thuc vo gc quay ca cun dy rotor i vi vector t trng. - Thng 1 vng quay ca resolve tng ng 2mm dch chuyn ca bn my - Tc vng quay c th ln n 10.000 vg/ph
10
# Thc o cm ng quay khng c vnh qut

# Thc o cm ng thng (Industosyn) - Nguyn l: resolve qun dy phng - ng dng: o tng t tuyt i/chu k - trc tip - Cu to
thc o: cun dy phng, qun gp khc, khong cch qun dy l 2mm thc dn: c 2 cun dy phng, t cch nhau 1/4 chia thc o c c nh trn thn my, thc dn c lp trn bn my cn o khong cch gia thc o v thc dn = 0,25mm
- Hot ng
Cun dy ca thc o c in p tn s cao U1 Cun dy ca thc dn cm ng 1 in p ph thuc vo v tr tng i ca hai cun dy: U2 Gi tr in p ra U2 tng ng vi v tr cn o
11
# Thc o cm ng thng
Dng c o v tr kiu s
# o v tr kiu s gia s - S dng hiu ng quang in - Nguyn tc phn quang:

Thc o c cc vch chia phn quang v khng phn quang t k tip nhau Ngun sng chiu vo thc o Tia sng gp vch phn quang c phn x li v c t bo quang in hp th >> sinh ra in p cao (tn hiu 1) Tia sng gp vch khng phn quangkhng c phn x li, t bo quang in sinh ra in p thp (tn hiu 0)
- Nguyn tc soi thu

Thc chia c cc vch chia soi thu v khng soi thu t k tip nhau Ngun sng chiu vo thc o Tia sng chui qua vch soi thu c t bo quang in hp th >> sinh ra in p cao (tn hiu 1) Tia sng gp vch khng soi thu, t bo quang in sinh ra in p thp (tn hiu 0)
12
# Cu trc h thng o v tr kiu s dng nguyn tc quang in soi thu

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN
xung u ra
in p ra dng tng t
13
# o v tr kiu s tuyt i - mi phn t trn ng dch chuyn phi c nh du ring - thc o c nhiu rnh - vng soi thu (phn quang) nhn gi tr 0 - vng khng soi thu (khng phn quang) nhn gi tr 1 - thc chia c chia vch theo m nh phn - t hp gi tr nh phn ca tng rnh tr v gi tr v tr tuyt i
14
# Encoder tuyt i
# Encoder tng i
15
Tho lun # Phn tch s khi h thng iu khin theo chng trnh s?
# Phn loi cc phng php o v tr? Cho v d bng cc thit b tng ng? # Trn my CNC thng dng thit b o v tr loi no? Ti sao? Cho v d? # Trnh by nguyn l ca h thng o v tr kiu s gia s?
16

# 2.1 H thng iu khin theo chng trnh s # 2.2 H thng o lng dch chuyn # 2.3 B so snh # 2.4 B ni suy # 2.5 Truyn ng iu chnh
2.3 B so snh 2.3.1 Khi nim

Thng tin ng dch chuyn (Cn) Tn hiu iu khin (Cn Thc) Truyn ng Dch chuyn o c (Thc)
o lng
So snh
Bn my
# Nhim v - So snh thng tin ng dch chuyn a ra t chng trnh (gi tr Cn) vi on dch chuyn o c trn my (gi tr Thc) - xc nh sai lch ca cp gi tr (Cn Thc) - cp cho h truyn ng nhng tn hiu cn thit iu khin sao cho s chnh lch gia gi tr Cn v gi tr Thc dn dn tr v 0. # Cu trc - Theo nguyn tc o lng (h thng o lng ang s dng) - Theo dng tn hiu iu khin truyn ng
2.3.1 Khi nim # B so snh ch a ra tn hiu iu khin khi gi tr Cn v gi tr Thc c ng nht (tn hiu ng nht) >> Ch cho php xy dng mt mch iu khin ngt do tn hiu ng nht khng c tnh lin tc >> Ch c ng dng trong iu khin im/ng. # B so snh a ra tn hiu iu khin lin tc chng no gi tr Cn v gi tr Thc cha ng nht (tn hiu sai khc / tn hiu chnh lch) - Tn hiu chnh lch = Cn Thc - Qu trnh iu khin ~~ ng nht Cn v Thc >> tn hiu chnh lch nh dn ---> 0 >> truyn ng t n trng thi dng. >> Tn hiu chnh lch c tnh lin tc >> Cho php xy dng cc b iu khin v tr >> Dng trong iu khin theo contour (bin dng, phi tuyn)
2.3.2 B so snh s gia s # Ph thuc vo nguyn tc o s gia s - o s gia s: mi bc tin nh nht s pht ra 1 xung - Tng s xung l i lng o phn nh on ng dch chuyn # Nguyn tc - Tn s m cao: phi dng b m in t (tc 10m/ph, bc tin s = 0,01mm >> tn s m = 16kHz) - B so snh l 1 b m in t hp thnh t mt s lng cc b m chia vch o theo h thp phn - Xung ca gi tr Thc (E) c a vo, m trong b m v so snh vi s lng xung ca gi tr Cn c t trc. 2 102 0 7 101 0 4 100 0 E
2.3.2 B so snh s gia s 1. B m c iu chnh trc n gi tr cn - B m c iu chnh trc n gi tr Cn (274 = 2x102 + 7x101 + 4x100) - Xung ca gi tr Thc (E) c a vo cc b m - Thc hin php m li t 274 cho n 000. - Khi c 3 b m cng tr v gi tr 0, mch ngt ng nht (dng phn t logic AND) pht ra tn hiu ngt mch K theo nguyn tc ng nht tn hiu. 2 102 0 7 101 0
AND
4 100 0 E
2.3.2 B so snh s gia s 2. B m c iu chnh trc n phn b 9 ca gi tr cn - Phn b 9 ca s 274:

999 274 = 725 - B m c iu chnh trc n 725 - Xung ca gi tr Thc (E) c a vo cc b m - Thc hin php m cng vo k t mc 725 theo php m tin cho n mc 999. - Khi c 3 b m cng tr v gi tr 9, mch ngt ng nht (dng phn t logic AND) pht ra tn hiu ngt mch K theo nguyn tc ng nht tn hiu. 7 102 9 9
AND
2 101 9
5 100 E
2.3.2 B so snh s gia s 3. B m c iu chnh trc n phn b 10 ca gi tr cn - Phn b 10 ca s 274:

1000 274 = 726 - B m c iu chnh trc n 726 - Xung ca gi tr Thc (E) c a vo cc b m - Thc hin php m cng vo k t mc 726 theo php m tin cho n mc 1000. - Tn hiu ngt mch K c pht ra ti im chuyn ca b m c s m lu tha cao nht ca c s 10. 7 102 K 2 101 6 100 E
2.3.2 B so snh s gia s 4. B m khng iu chnh trc, gi tr Cn c chn trc nh 1 vch ng nht iu chnh c - Gi tr Cn (274) c t trc trn cc mch ng nht iu chnh c - Xung ca gi tr Thc (E) c a vo cc b m - Thc hin php m cng vo k t mc 000 theo php m tin cho n mc 274. - Khi gi tr trn cc b m tr v gi tr tng ng vi gi tr t trn vch iu chnh (gi tr Cn), mch ngt ng nht (dng phn t logic AND) pht ra tn hiu ngt mch K theo nguyn tc ng nht tn hiu. - C th t c nhiu im ngt trc im ngt ng nht 102
9 0 9
101
0 9
100
0
7
AND
2.3.3 B so snh s gia s dng cho iu khin contour # Cu trc - B so snh s gia s ni vi b ADC (bin i s - tng t) - Gi tr Cn tn ti dng xung lin tc, c cp bi b ni suy. - Gi tr Thc ca h thng o cng dng xung lin tc. - B so snh lin tc a ra gi tr sai lch Cn Thc Ust Ni suy X-W W
DAC B n vi phn Mch logic
Ust
Khuych i
X-W
Truyn ng
Bn my
o lng
2.3.3 B so snh s gia s dng cho iu khin contour # Nguyn l m xung (chuyn ng tin, li) - BK cp xung Cn tin
cp cho b m chnh lch tin tc ng ti iu khin chuyn ng theo chiu tin
- H thng o:
o c xung Thc l tin i qua mch logic chuyn thnh li >> a v b m chnh lch
- B m vi phn:
nhn xung Cn: tin nhn xung Thc: li mc m dn tr v 0 >> chuyn ng tin n im dng
- B DAC:
bin i s xung chnh lch thnh in p iu khin ng du vi chiu chuyn ng
2.3.4 B so snh s tuyt i # Nguyn l chung - Tn hiu o lng dch chuyn kiu s tuyt i: mi v tr bn my c ghi nhn bi mt t hp tn hiu ring - B so snh phi so snh gi tr Cn c m ho dng m no vi gi tr Thc c c vi m tng ng. - im ng nht hai tn hiu >> a ra tn hiu iu khin (pp tn hiu ng nht). # Nguyn tc ng nht - s ng nht phi c xc nh trn tt c cc rnh ca thc o m ho - thc hin php kim tra xem t hp c c gm cc tn hiu 0 v 1 c ng nht vi t hp gi tr Cn cho hay khng. - nu ng nht ton b th 1 tn hiu ngt s c pht ra. # Tn hiu chiu chuyn ng - So snh gi tr Cn v Thc xem ci no ln hn >> chiu
2.3.4 B so snh s tuyt i # Cc dng so snh s tuyt i

1. B so snh ti im ng nht ca tn hiu Cn Thc, pht ra 1 tn hiu ng nht khng quan tm n chiu v khong cch 2. B so snh ti nhng im khng ng nht ca tn hiu Cn Thc, so snh gi tr Cn ln hay nh hn gi tr Thc v cp cho b truyn ng 1 tn hiu ph thuc chiu, lin tc cho ti khi t ti im ng nht 3. B so snh tnh ton xc nh chnh lch, lin tc tm ra sai khc v ln v chiu ca cp gi tr Cn Thc.
2.3.4 B so snh s tuyt i # Nguyn tc xch ng nht kiu r-le - Trn mi rnh, cc php kim tra ng nht c tch ring
- Mt mch trnh t (mch AND v) ca cc tip im 0 hoc 1 trn cc r-le Cn v Thc tip nhn tn hiu - Khi tt c cc khu ng nht ring l cng ng nht >> xut hin xch ng nht >> kha K nhn tn hiu ngt mch - (trng thi 0 hoc 1 ca cc r-le Cn v Thc trn mi rnh tch bit u ng nht >> mch kn >> c dng in chy qua >> c tn hiu n kho K)
B so snh s tuyt i dng xch ng nht hp thnh t cc r-le

23
K 0 1
23 23 22 0
K 1
23
22 W 21 X 0 20 0 1 20 1 21 0 1 22 W
0 21
22 X
0 20 0
21
20
W=0101 N
X=0100
W=0101
X=0101
??? Trng thi trn xch biu th gi tr no theo h thp phn?
2.3.4 B so snh s tuyt i # Mch ng nht vi cc phn t logic - Trn mi rnh u c kim tra xem gi tr Cn v Thc c ng nht vi nhau khng - Vic kim tra ng nht c thc hin cho c trng thi 0 v 1 bng 2 phn t logic AND (v) U1. (do AND(1,1) = 1, phi c phn t ph nh NOT trn mi rnh) - Trn mi U1, xut ra tn hiu 1 nu ng nht a n phn t OR (hoc). - Phn t OR xut ra tn hiu 1 nu c 1 trong 2 tn hiu vo l 1, hay l mch tng ng ng nht 1 tn hiu no OR(1,1) = 1, OR(1,0) = 1, OR(0,1) = 1, OR(0,0) = 0 - Nu tt c cc OR u xut tn hiu 1 (ngha l tt c cc rnh u ng nht) th phn t AND U2 xut ra tn hiu ng nht 1.
Mch ng nht vi cc phn t logic

ng nht tn hiu trn tng rnh, vi c 2 trng thi 0, 1
23 0
N
0 23 1 1
N
22
N N
22 21
N N
21 20 1
N
1
U1 O U1 U1 O U1 U1 O U1 U1 U1 O
1
N
1 20 X=0101
W=0101
1 1
U2
1 1

Khi tn hiu trn 1 rnh khng ng nht
23 0
N
22 1
N
21 0
N
20 1
N
0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
U1 U1 O U1 O U1 U1 O U1 U1 O
1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0
U1
1 23
N
1 22
N
0 21
N
1 20
N
W=0101
0 1
1 1 1
0 0 1
U2
1 0 0
X=1101
K=0

Khi tn hiu trn cc rnh u ng nht
23 0
N
22 1
N
21 0
N
20 1
N
0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
U1 U1 O U1 O U1 U1 O U1 U1 O
0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
U1
0 23
N
1 22
N
0 21
N
1 20
N
W=0101
0 1
1 1 1
0 0 1
U2
1 1 1
X=0101
K=1
2.3.5 B so snh s tuyt i dng cho iu khin phi tuyn # Nguyn l - B so snh m nhim
qu trnh tnh ton lin tc cc sai lch gia gi tr Cn tuyt i vi gi tr Thc a ra thm tn hiu xc nh chiu chuyn ng
- Gi tr Cn c cp t b ni suy s, khng tn ti dng xung m l gi tr tuyt i dng s. - Tn hiu chnh lch c chuyn qua DAC thnh in p tng t iu khin chy dao trong mch iu khin v tr
2.3.5 B so snh s tuyt i dng cho iu khin phi tuyn # B so snh s tuyt i trong mch iu khin v tr
Ni suy
W A
DAC So snh
b
Khuych i
Truyn ng
Bn my
o lng
10
2.3.5 B so snh s tuyt i dng cho iu khin phi tuyn # Tn hiu u ra ca b so snh s tuyt i c cm tn hiu chnh lch
Tn hiu chnh lch A
(X<W)
(X>W) X-W
Tn hiu chiu chuyn ng
2.3.5 B so snh tng t # Nguyn l - Php o tng t sinh ra mt in p t l vi qung ng (Thc) - Gi tr Cn: in p t trc
gi tr cn c cp dng s phi c chuyn i bng DAC
# Mch so snh tng t da trn so snh in tr bng mt mch cu Wheatstone USP: in p cp cho cu o UW: in p Cn, UW = U(A-B) - in p gia hai im A v B UX: in p Thc, UX = U(A-P) - in p gia hai im A v P U=UW UX: in p chnh lch (tn hiu chnh lch) >> gi ti b khuych i >> truyn ng
11
2.3.5 B so snh tng t Bin tr kiu quay hoc trt B P

Bn my
R
R R USP R
Truyn ng
Khuych i
UW UX R A USP: in p cp cho cu o UW: in p Cn, UW = U(A-B) UX: in p Thc, UX = U(A-P)
U=UW-UX
Cu hi Trnh by cu to, nguyn l lm vic ca:

# B m c iu chnh trc n gi tr cn. # B m c iu chnh trc n phn b 9 ca gi tr cn. # B m c iu chnh trc n phn b 10 ca gi tr cn. # B m khng iu chnh trc, gi tr Cn c chn trc nh 1 vch ng nht iu chnh c. # B so snh s tuyt i dng mch ng nht vi cc phn t logic.
12
Bi tp Biu din tn hiu trn cc chn tng ng khi tn hiu W=13, X=8?
23 x
N
22 x
N
21 x
N
20 x
N
x x x x x x x x
U1 U1 O U1 O U1 U1 O U1 U1 O
x x x x x x x x
U1
x 23
N
x 22
N
x 21
N
x 20
N
W=xxxx
x x
x x x
x x x
U2
x x x
X=xxxx
K=?
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# 2.1 H thng iu khin theo chng trnh s # 2.2 H thng o lng dch chuyn # 2.3 B so snh # 2.4 B ni suy # 2.5 Truyn ng iu chnh
2.4 B ni suy
Bn v
Chng trnh Vt mang tin c Nh Ni suy So snh H lnh ng/ngt iu khin
Truyn ng
Bn my
o lng
Truyn ng
Bn my
2.4.1 Khi nim, nh ngha Chng trnh NC - To cc im gc trn bin dng cn gia cng (im u, cui,...) - Thng s cng ngh (tc ct,...) B ni suy - chia qu o gia cng thnh cc phn on - to cc v tr trung gian - vn tc theo tng trc trn tng phn on Truyn ng X
mch iu chnh v tr trn tng trc chy dao ring l
Truyn ng Y
Qu o chy dao c hnh thnh nh cc dch chuyn ng thi theo nhiu trc
2.4.1 Khi nim, nh ngha Nhim v ca b ni suy

# Tm ra cc v tr trung gian cho php hnh thnh mt bin dng cho trc trong mt gii hn dung sai xc nh trc. # Ni suy thnh cc yu t bin dng c bn: on thng (ni suy tuyn tnh), ng cong (ni suy vng)
2.4.1 Khi nim, nh ngha Nhim v ca b ni suy

# a ra vn tc tng trc ph hp vi tng phn on
2.4.1 Khi nim, nh ngha # Ni suy ch c th lm vic theo nguyn tc s - mt vng trn bn knh 100mm, dung sai 0,01mm phi ni suy thnh 20.000 im - bng cc mch logic ni cng (NC): ni suy trong - bng cc phn mm ni suy (CNC): ni suy ngoi # Cc mc ni suy trong chuyn ng phi tuyn - Ni suy th
phn mm ni suy xc nh to cc im trung gian gia im u v cui ca on bin dng cn ni suy thc hin ni suy vng
- Ni suy tinh
thc hin php ni suy tuyn tnh gia cc im trung gian
2.4.2 Cc dng ni suy # Ni suy tuyn tnh (1) - Ni suy tuyn tnh theo 2 trong N trc - Ni suy tuyn tnh theo N trong N trc # Ni suy vng (2) - Ni suy vng theo 2 trong N trc - Ni suy vng theo N trong N trc
2.4.2 Cc dng ni suy # Ni suy bng cch tnh ton cc hm s trc tip - tnh ton theo phng trnh bin dng: f(x,y,z) = 0 - sau mi bc ni suy phi kim tra v tr thc mi so vi ng cong a ra c sai lch khng? gi tr? hng? - thc hin bc iu chnh tip theo cho tng trc # Ni suy theo phng php vi phn s DDA (Digital Defference Analyzer) - Biu din cc thng s ng cong l hm theo thi gian thc
x = x(t) y = y(t) z = z (t)
- T phng trnh vi phn ca ng cong, chuyn cc pt ring ca h sang ptvp tnh bng s - Tm ra gi tr chy dao trn tng trc ring r thng qua tng vi phn
2.4.3 Ni suy tuyn tnh theo phng php DDA # Bi ton: Xt chuyn ng chy dao theo ng thng t im A n im E vi tc chy dao u xc nh
# Thi gian dch chuyn dao T=L/u # Cc on ng thnh phn cn dch chuyn XE XA YE YA
2.4.3 Ni suy tuyn tnh theo phng php DDA

# To v tr ca cc im trung gian c tnh nh hm s theo thi gian
x ( t ) = x A + VX dt = x A +
0
xE xA dt T 0
y( t ) = y A + VY dt = y A +
0
# Chia thi gian T thnh cc khong t = T/N nh, php tch phn c th c thay th bng php cng gia s
yE yA dt T 0
x ( t ) = x (n.t ) = x A +
xE xA n N y yA y( t ) = y(n.t ) = y A + E n N
n = 1, 2, ..., N
# Vi mi bc cng, gi tr v v tr li tng thm 1 bc bng hng s. m bo chnh xc ca bin dng ni suy, cc bc cng phi nh hn sut n v f ca truyn ng chy dao (thng thng f = 0,001mm)
x x A yE yA max E ; f N N
x x A yE yA N max E ; f f
Trnh t tnh ton

Bi ton: Tnh ton gi tr ni suy cho chuyn ng tuyn tnh t im PA(xPA, yPA) n im PE (xPE, yPE). Bit vn tc chy dao = u; xut n v ca truyn ng chy dao = f. T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN 1. Chiu di bin dng cn ni suy
L = ( x PE x PA ) 2 + ( y PE y PA ) 2
2. Thi gian ni suy T=L/u 3. S im cn ni suy N

x x PA y PE y PA N min = max PE ; f f
m > lg(Nmin) N = 10m 4. Khong thi gian cho mi bc cng t = T / N 5. Tn s ni suy f = 1 / t 6. Bc dch chuyn theo cc trc: x, y 7. Gi tr to cc im Pn trong khi ni suy
x =
x PE x PA N y PE y PA y = N y n = y PA + n.y
x n = x PA + n.x
V d
Tnh ton gi tr ni suy cho chuyn ng tuyn tnh t im PA n im PE tin mt cn ca chi tit trong hnh v. Bit u = 2 mm/s; f = 0,001mm # To cc im u, cui ca bin dng cn ni suy - PA: xPA = 10, zPA = 80 - PE: xPE = 30, zPE = 50 # Chiu di bin dng cn ni suy
L = ( x PE x PA ) 2 + ( z PE z PA )2 = 36,056
# Thi gian ni suy T = L / u = 18,028 s
# S im cn ni suy N
x x PA z PE z PA N min = max PE ; f f
Nmin = 30000 m > lg(Nmin) = 4 m=5 N = 10m = 105 = 100.000 # Khong thi gian cho mi bc cng t = T / N = 0,18 s # Tn s ni suy f = 1 / t = 5,556 kHz # Gi tr to cc im Pn trong khi ni suy
x =
x PE x PA = 0,0002 N z z PA z = PE = 0,0003 N
x n = x PA + n.x = 10 + 0,0002.n z n = z PA + n.z = 80 0,0003.n
2.4.3 Ni suy tuyn vng theo phng php DDA

Bi ton: xt chuyn ng chy dao theo cung trn bn knh R t t PA n PE. Tnh ton ni suy cc im trn cung trn ? # To ca im cn ni suy x = R cos y = R sin # Vi vn tc chy dao khng i V
V R V = t R # H phng trnh vi phn &=
dx v v = sin = y dt R R dy v v = cos = x R R dt
2.4.3 Ni suy tuyn vng theo phng php DDA

# Phng trnh tch phn tng ng
x = x PA y = y PA +
R R
v
ydt xdt
- cc gia s x, y khng phi l hng s m bin i cng vi to chy dao x v y. - ni suy vng lun xut hin sai lch, do cc b tch phn lm vic theo cng thc ch nht. - mi im tnh ton khng nm chnh xc trn ng cong m u t nhiu c sai s - sai lch ln ln theo chiu di ni suy >> ni suy theo nhiu mc
# Thay th bng php cng gia s
v y R v x y = y PA + R # Bc dch chuyn theo cc trc x = x PA v y . t R v x . t y = R x =
2.5 Truyn ng iu chnh # Cc dng truyn ng chy dao - truyn ng iu khin mch h: khng c phn hi, dng ng c bc - truyn ng iu khin mch kn: c vng phn hi ca 2 hay nhiu i lng iu khin
c Nh Ni suy So snh H lnh ng/ngt iu khin
Truyn ng
Bn my
o lng
Truyn ng
Bn my
Truyn ng iu khin mch h (iu khin v tr khng phn hi)

# Qu trnh tc dng tuyn tnh: mi xung tc dng to ra mt bc chy dao tng ng.
# B iu khin khng c thng tin phn hi: liu cc bc chy dao c c thc hin mt cch ng n vi bin dng m t hay khng? # c ng dng trong cc trng hp lc cn trn ng dch chuyn l nh v n nh hoc khng c lc cn. # Khng ng dng c trn my ct gt kim loi do c nhiu yu t tc ng n lc cn m khng tnh trc c trong qu trnh chy dao: - bn khc nhau ca vt liu gia cng - Lng d gia cng thay i - Trng thi thay i ca mnh ct ca dao
Truyn ng iu khin mch kn (truyn ng iu chnh) # Trn cc my CNC hu nh ch ng dng chy dao iu chnh v tr kiu mch kn c phn hi ca t nht 2 thng s iu khin: v tr, tc
iu chnh v tr theo 2 trc, 2 vng phn hi Gi tr Cn c gi n t b ni suy

Gi tr Thc c gi n t cc cm bin Sai lch iu chnh = Cn Thc >> l i lng iu chnh cho ng c dn ng chy dao 1. Cm bin tc trc X 2. ng c chy dao trc X 3. Cm bin v tr trc X 4. Cm bin tc trc Y 5. ng c chy dao trc Y 6. Cm bin v tr trc Y
iu chnh v tr 3 vng phn hi # iu chnh v tr c iu chnh th cp tc dch chuyn v dng in ng c

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Cc yu cu i vi mch iu chnh # C khuych i tc cao gi cho sai lch iu chnh l thp nht
- Tc khuych i kv l t s gia tc cn ca bn my v sai lch iu chnh: kvx = ux / x trong :

ux tc cn ca bn my chy dao trn trc X x sai lch iu chnh theo trc X
- Khuych i tc trn tt c cc trc iu khin phi ln bng nhau loi b hin tng bin dng git cc kvx = kvy = kvz
Cc yu cu i vi mch iu chnh # C gim chn cao loi b s mt n nh cng nh hin tng dao ng ti cc v tr ch - gim chn D l thi gian cn thit 1 qu trnh dao ng tt ht - Nu xy ra dao ng, c th xy ra s ct vo vt liu khng mong mun ti v tr ny. - Trong cc h CNC, gim chn phi 1, do khng xut hin cc dao ng ti im kt thc bin dng
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Cc yu cu i vi mch iu chnh
# B truyn ng c hng s thi gian nh - Cng thc tnh hng s thi gian T
T=
( jm + jrod )max M max
- jrod mmen qun tnh ca cc b phn truyn ng tnh n trc ng c - jm mmen qun tnh ca ng c - max tc gc ln nht ca ng c - Mmax mmen quay ln nht ca ng c
Cc yu cu i vi mch iu chnh # Mmen qun tnh khi lng ca cc b phn chuyn ng phi c gi tr nh
# Tn s ring v dao ng c hc cao # Cc chi tit c kh nm trn dng truyn lc c bn cao # Cc yu t truyn ng c kh c khe h nh
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Truyn ng iu chnh phn cp # Khi nim - Nhm rt ngn thi gian i ti im nh v, qu trnh i ti c thc hin theo nhiu cp tc >> truyn ng phi c kh nng phn cp cc tc chy dao khc nhau (truyn ng iu chnh phn cp) - ng dng: trong iu khin im, ng - Tc chy dao nhanh: (ln n 25 m/ph)
iu khin im: chy khng ti cc khong cch dch chuyn ln >> rt ngn thi gian ph iu khin ng: tc ct nhanh ti cc khong cch dch chuyn ln
- Tc chy dao thp: (n khong 3 m/ph)

khi gn n cc im cn nh v >> nh v chnh xc
Truyn ng iu chnh phn cp # iu g xy ra nu ch c 2 cp tc : Nhanh v Chm?

# VD1: - Tc chy dao: 5m/ph - Thi gian phanh: 10ms - vt qu: 0,8mm >> sai s qu ln # VD2: - Tc chy dao: 5m/ph - Qung ng chy: 1,6mm - Thi gian cn: 48ms >> thi gian qu di # rt ngn thi gian nh v cn thit phi c nhiu tc chy dao trung gian - S cp tc cng nhiu th cng c th rt ngn c qu trnh i ti 1 im nh v cn thit vi 1 yu cu v chnh xc cho trc - S cp tc cng nhiu th cng lm phc tp cho b iu khin - Thng gii hn ch c 1 - 2 cp tc chy dao trung gian
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Truyn ng iu chnh phn cp

# Mi quan h ti u gia cc cp tc
V2 = V1.V3
- V1 : tc chy dao nhanh - V2 : tc chy dao trung gian - V3 : tc chy dao chm
X1 : tn hiu ngt trc th nht X2 : tn hiu ngt trc ln 2 X3 : tn hiu ngt ng nht U : on vt qu
V1
V2 V3 X1 X2 X3
Cu hi # Vai tr, nhim v, cc phng php v phm vi p dng b ni suy trong k thut CNC?
# Cc yu cu i vi mch iu chnh trong truyn ng iu chnh? # Tnh ton gi tr ni suy cho chuyn ng tuyn tnh trong cu lnh N30 di y. Bit f = 0,001mm.
N20 G00 X70 Y10 N30 G01 X30 Y50 F2
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n tp phn I
Chng 1. My CNC # Phn bit NC v CNC?
# Ti sao ngi ta hay dng khi nim CAD/CAM/CNC? # c im (v mt hnh thc) no gip ta phn bit my thng thng, my NC v my CNC? # H thng iu khin trc chnh, iu khin chy dao trn my CNC c im g khc so vi my thng thng? # Cc kiu h thng thay dao v phm vi p dng? # Khi nim thng s b dao? V, k tn cc thng s b dao ca dao phay, tin? # Chc nng ca tng ch lm vic trn my CNC? # Khi chun b gia cng vi mt chng trnh NC mi, ngi vn hnh cn thc hin cc cng vic g? # Khi nim, ngha ca tng im gc, im chun trn my CNC? Ngi s dng cn phi quan tm n cc im no? V sao?
Chng 2. H thng KS dng cho my ct kim loi

# V v phn tch s khi h thng iu khin theo chng trnh s? # Phn loi cc phng php o v tr? Cho v d bng cc thit b tng ng? Trn my CNC thng dng thit b o v tr loi no? Ti sao? Cho v d? # Trnh by nguyn l ca h thng o v tr kiu s gia s? # Trnh by cu to, nguyn l lm vic ca: - B m c iu chnh trc n gi tr cn. - B m c iu chnh trc n phn b 9 ca gi tr cn. - B m c iu chnh trc n phn b 10 ca gi tr cn. - B m khng iu chnh trc, gi tr Cn c chn trc nh 1 vch ng nht iu chnh c. - B so snh s tuyt i dng mch ng nht vi cc phn t logic. # Vai tr, nhim v, cc phng php v phm vi p dng b ni suy trong k thut CNC? # Cc yu cu i vi mch iu chnh trong truyn ng iu chnh?
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Bi tp
1. Thit k b so snh s tuyt i dng mch ng nht vi cc phn t logic cho mt b iu khin s c thang o n 30. Biu din tn hiu trn cc chn tng ng khi tn hiu W=27, X=15?
2. Tnh ton gi tr ni suy cho chuyn ng tuyn tnh trong cu lnh N30 di y. Bit f = 0,001mm.
N20 G00 X70 Y10 N30 G01 X30 Y50 F2
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Bai Giang May CNC

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Bai Giang May CNC

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My CNC v Robot cng nghip

Tng Quc Nam Hc vin K thut Qun s

2. S lng n v hc trnh: 3. Mc tiu ca mn hc * Kin thc:

Gii thiu v mn hc Ti liu hc tp

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

Chng 1. My ct kim loi iu khin theo chng trnh s (My CNC)

1.1. Lch s my CNC v cc khi nim lin quan

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

Lch s pht trin NC

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

Lch s pht trin ca CNC

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

1.2. iu khin theo chng trnh s 1.2.1 Nguyn tc cu trc

1.2.1 Nguyn tc cu trc # S khi h thng iu khin theo chng trnh s

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

# S ca mt h iu khin v tr cho 1 trc.

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

- Cc phng php iu khin

iu khin ng thi theo 2 trc (a) iu khin c lp (b)

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

# Cc dng iu khin - iu khin im - im - iu khin ng - iu khin contour

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

Tho lun # Phn bit NC v CNC?

Tho lun # Phn tch lung thng tin iu khin v tr?

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

Chng 1. My ct kim loi iu khin theo chng trnh s (My CNC)

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

m bo cht lng truyn ng

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

1. ai c bi 2. Vng iu chnh khe h 3. Bi 4. Vt me bi

1.3.5 H thng thay dao

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

Kho cha dao

Kho cha dao

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

Kho cha dao

Kho cha dao

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

My NC Chng trnh NC truyn vo b nh t bng hoc ba c l.

My thng thng Cng nhn nh phi k o kch thc b mt gia cng.

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN

1.4.2 Nng sut gia cng cao

T.Q. Nam. Bi ging My CNC v RBCN