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Integumentary System Pathophysiology
Integumentary System Pathophysiology
Altered Functions
Vocabulary
DermaMelan/oPachySubtrich/oCyan/oOnych/oXer/oHidr/oKerat/oXanth/oFollicul/oDactyl/oIntra-
Integumentary Regions
Skin
Epidermis Dermis
Nails
Underlying Disorders
Genetic Connective tissue Blood supply Neoplasia Drug Reactions Immune
Primary Lesions
Macules: colored circumscribed flat area, size varies, < 1cm Papules: discolored raised area, < 2cm Plaques: raised flat top area, > 1cm Patches: circumscribed flat area of discoloration, < 1cm Nodules: solid raised area, above or below skin, <1 cm Tumor: discolored raised area, > 2cm Wheals: slightly raised area with edema, size varies Vesicles/Blister: fluid filled raised area < 0.5cm Bulla/Cyst: fluid filled raised area, > 0.5cm Pustules: pus-filled raised area, size varies
Macule
Nodule
Papule
Bulla
Secondary Lesions
Erosions Ulcers Fissures Cracks Scales Excoriation Keloid Scar Lichenification
Excoriation
Lichenification
Scar Formation
Keloid
Epidermal Cells
Keratinocytes
Keratinocyte Hypertrophy
Melanin
Melanosis
Skin Cancers
Etiology
UV exposure
UV A UV B
Genetic Prevention
Sun block
UVA UVB
Skin Tumors
Benign
Seborrheic keratitis Keratocanthoma Verucae (warts) Actinic keratitis
Malignant
Basal Cell carcinoma Squamous Cell carcinoma Dysplastic nevi Malignant melanoma
Seborrheic Keratosis
Keratocanthoma
Verrucae
Actinic Keratitis
Malignant Melanoma
Dermis
Lines of Cleavage
Aging = Wrinkles?
Skin changes
Chronological aging Photo-aging (sun damage) Chemical toxins
Cause
Decrease in collagen (inactive fibroblasts) Increase in proteolytic activity due to collagenase
Hypodermis
Subcutaneous tissue
Clinical Application
Dermatitis (Eczema)
Atopic Contact Seborrheic Drug eruption Photo-eczematous
Dermatitis reactions
Contact Dermatitis
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Drug Eruption
Photoeczematous
UV Genetic: Porphyria Drug Induced
Oral Topical
Lupus
Cutaneous Membrane
Insect Bites
Chiggers
Biting Flies
Mosquitoes
Spider Bites
MRSA
Bacteria: Staph. aureus Disease: Pyodermas Transmission:
Direct, topical Open wound entry
VRE
Vancomycin Risk factors
Hospitalization Immunocompromised Neutropenia ICU Dialysis
Impetigo
Staph; Strep Cut or scratch Honey colored oozing sores Lip / nose region After a cold Scratching can spread to other areas
Cellulitis
Gangrene
Streptococcus
Leprosy
Erysipelas
Group A Strep Cellulitis
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Strep pyogenes Fascial planes Source
Skin Bowel
Scarlet Fever
Fungal Infections
Microsporum
Trichophton
Tinea Capitus
Tinea corpus
Tinea pedis
Epidermatophyton
Candida albicans
Viral Infections
Papilloma Herpes Morbillivirus Rubella Parvovirus
HPV
Papilloma
Shingles
Rubeola
Paramyxovirus 5 day or hard measles Respiratory spread Exanthem rash White spots in red Fever; cough Neurological
Rubella
Idiopathic/Immune
Acne Psoriasis Rosacea Pemphigus Scleroderma Erythema multiforme Vitiligo
Acne Vulgaris
Psoriasis
Rosacea
Pemphigus
Autoimmune Blistering
Scleroderma
Erythema Muliforme
Vitiligo
Urticaria
Porphyria
Adnexa
Sweat Glands
Folliculitis
Scabies
Pediculosis
Head Louse
Body Louse
Nail Disorders
Clubbing Paronchyma Onchomycosis
Clubbing
Fungal Infections
Sensory
Burn Classification
Rule of 9s
Artificial Skin
Frostbite
Injury
Blunt force trauma: blows, impact injury Contusion Abrasion Laceration Sharp Force
Incised wound Stab wound Puncture wound
GSW
Puncture Wound
Laceration
Wounds compared
GSW
Entrance Wound
Exit Wounds
Summary
Histology of Repair
Suture
Questions?
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