Presented by: Anand Kumar & Banu Bam

Method to separate the components of a liquid solution, which depends upon the distribution these various components between a vapor and a liquid phase. Distillation concerns with solutions where all components are appreciably volatile, such as in ammonia-water or ethanol-water solutions, where all both components will be in vapor phase. Process of absorption differ from distillation in that one of the components in absorption is essentially insoluble in liquid phase.

For a binary mixture the of A and B, the greater the distance between the equilibrium line and the 450 line, the greater the difference between the composition yA. A numerical measure of this separation is relative volatility AB. It is ratio of conc. Of A over the conc.of A in liqiud to the conc. Of B in vapor over the conc.of B in liqiud. AB= (yA/xA)/(yB/xB) = (yA/xA)/((1-yA)/(1-xA)) where AB=the relative volatility of A with respect to Bin the binary system yA=( pA xA)/p, yB=(pB xB)/p For an ideal system , AB=pA/pB

Introduction Develop by McCABE Thiele Graphical method is used This method uses material balance in some part of distillation tower

There must be equimolar overflow in the tower between. a) Feed inlet and the top tray b) Feed inlet and the bottom tray Constant molal overflow in the tower Tower is at steady state

Va

CONDENSER

La
RECTIFICATION SECTION

F
STRIPPING SECTION

Vb Lb B, (W)
REBOILER

MASS BALANCE RATIOS

OVERALL:

F DB

COMPONENT : xF F xD D xB B SUBSTITUTI ON : D xF xB B xD xF D xB xF , , F xD xB F xD xB B xF xD

MASS BALANCE IN UPPER SECTION

FEED TRAY TO

DISTILLATE

PRODUCT TOP TRAY IS 1 TOTAL CONDENSER

CONDENSER :

D Va La [ D V1 L IN TEXT]

FROM TOP TO TRAY n : D Vn 1 Ln COMPONENT : xD D yaVa xa La xD D yn 1Vn 1 xn Ln

FROM COMPONENT EQUATION

ASSUMING CONSTANT MOLAL OVERFLOW (L/V =

CONSTANT)

Ln DxD yn1 xn Vn1 Vn1 La Rd D Ln SLOPE Vn1 (11.4 8)

Rd xD yn1 xn Rd 1 Rd 1