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B khuych i Raman
B khuych i Raman s dng nhng
tnh cht bn trong si quang khuych
i tn hiu.

C 2 loi khuych i Raman:
Khuych i Raman phn phi
(Distributed Raman Amplifier DRA)
Khuych i Raman kt hp
(Lumped Raman Amplifier LRA)
Trong b khuych i Raman kt hp,
ngi ta s dng mt si quang chuyn
dng lm t vt liu phi tuyn c chiu di
ngn v tit din nh cung cp s
khuych i.

Tit din nh ca si quang lm gia
tng s tng tc gia sng bm v sng
tn hiu (s trn 3 sng) v do c th
gim chiu di si quang cn thit.
Trong b khuych i Raman phn phi, s khuych
i da trn hiu ng tn x Raman kch thch (Stimulated
Raman Scattering SRS). Sng tn hiu c khuych i
nu sng bm c tn s v cng sut thch hp c a
vo trong si quang.


S tt dn ca cng tn hiu khi truyn trong si
quang c th c khc phc
C ch ca b khuych i Raman
phn phi l tn x Raman kch thch (SRS)

Signal
Amplified Signal tng cng Raman
ph thuc vo:
Cng sut bm
chnh lch tn s
gia sng bm v sng tn
hiu
3 iu kin sng bm:

1. Cng sut ln
2. Pht ng thi vi
sng tn hiu
3.
P
>>
S

S khuych i xy ra
khi photon ca sng
bm phng thch nng
lng ca n to
thnh photon mi c
bc sng bng bc
sng ca sng tn hiu
Signal,
S

Pump,
P


P

S

=
S

P
=

+
= n
S
; n Z
+

Phn nng lng
d tha s
c hp th
bi cc phonon.
Phn t mi trng c nhiu trng thi
dao ng pha trn trng thi nn C
nhiu chuyn di kh d tha:

P
=

+
= n
S

ty thuc vo tn s sng bm
Nhn xt:
tng cng
Raman (Raman
Gain) gn nh tng
tuyn tnh theo tn
s sng bm khi
tn s sng bm
nm trong khong
0 -12 THz
Sau tng
cng gim t
ngt khi tn s
sng bm ln hn
12 THz
th biu din s ph thuc ca
tng cng Raman theo tn s
sng bm i vi si quang SiO
2

Biu thc th hin s thay i cng sut sng
bm v sng tn hiu theo khong cch z
Pump,
P
, P
P

Signal,
S
, P
S

z
P P S P R
S
P P
S S S P R
S
P P P g
dz
dP
P P P g
dz
dP
o
e
e
o
=
=
(1)
(2)

S
,
P
: hao ph
(the fiber loss) ca
sng tn hiu v sng bm
khi truyn trong si quang
g
R
: h s tng cng
Raman trong si quang
(the Raman gain coefficient)

Du tr th hin cng sut sng bm gim dn theo khong cch
0
L
Nu chng ta b qua s hng th nht bn v
phi ca phng trnh (2) (s hng th hin s
suy gim ca sng bm), ta c:
P P S P R
S
P P
S S S P R
S
P P P g
dz
dP
P P P g
dz
dP
o
e
e
o
=
=
(1)
(2)
P
P
eff
S eff
eff
R S S
L
L
L L
A
P
g P L P
o
o
o
) exp( 1
exp ) 0 ( ) (
0

=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
: chiu di hiu dng i vi sng bm
A
eff
: tit din hiu
dng cho s
tng cng
Raman
tng cng Raman (Raman Gain) i vi sng
tn hiu:

(
(

= L
KA
P
L g G
S
eff
eff R
o
0
34 , 4
K: h s phn cc (polarization factor)
G tnh bng n v dB (decibel)

(
(

= L
KA
P
L g G
S
eff
eff R
o
0
34 , 4
B khuych i Raman phn phi (Distributed
Raman Amplifier DRA) c s dng rng ri
trong cc h thng tin lin lc ng di, c bit
l h a hp chia bc sng (Wavelength Division
Multiplexing WDM)
Trong thc nghim, khi a sng bm v sng
tn hiu vo si quang, thng c 2 cch b tr:
Bm ngc hng
Bm ng hng
Bm ngc hng c s dng ph bin hn nhiu
ca sng tn hiu nh.
H a hp chia bc sng (WDM) l h
khuych i ng thi nhiu sng tn hiu c tn s
khc nhau (gi l tn hiu a knh (multi channel),
mi knh pht ra mt sng tn hiu tn s nht
nh).
S khuych i Raman xy ra bn trong si
quang s b vo s hao ph ca tn hiu trong
qu trnh truyn sng
Tn hiu c th truyn i trn mt khong cch
ln m vn m bo cng
My pht quang hc (Optical Transmitter): pht cc tn hiu a knh
B a hp quang (Optical Multiplexer): tng hp cc tn hiu a knh
a vo si quang
Si truyn quang (Transmision Fiber): truyn tn hiu
B khuych i quang (Optical Amplifier): khuych i tn hiu
B gii a hp quang (Optical Demultiplexer): phn gii tn hiu trong si
quang tr li thnh cc tn hiu a knh
My thu quang (Optical Receiver): thu nhn cc tn hiu a knh

Hn ch ln nht ca b khuych i
Raman phn phi (DRA) l i hi sng
bm phi c cng sut rt ln
khuych i sng tn hiu trong sut qung
ng truyn.
Ngi ta thng s dng b khuych
i bng si quang pha tp Erbium
(Erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA)
hay kt hp c hai
B khuych i bng si quang pha tp
Erbium (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier)
B khuych i bng si quang pha tp Erbium (cn
c gi l b khuych i Erbium hay b khuych i
quang) l mt thit b s dng mt si quang c chiu di
ngn pha tp nguyn t Erbium (Erbium l mt nguyn t
him thuc h Lantan)
IIIB
Si quang pha tp Erbium ng vai tr
nh mt mi trng cng hng
khuych i sng tn hiu thng qua s
tng tc gia sng bm, sng tn hiu
vi cc ion pha tp.
Sng bm laser kch thch cc ion tp cht
chuyn ln mc nng lng cao hn. Khi c
sng tn hiu truyn qua, cc ion tp cht s tr
v mc nng lng thp hn v phng thch
photon c tn s bng ng tn s ca sng tn
hiu Sng tn hiu c khuych i

S

P

S xut hin cc
mc tp cht
cho php gim
cng sut sng
bm Khc
phc c hn
ch ca DRA
B khuych i kt hp EDFA v DRA
(Hybrid EDFA/DRA Amplifier)
Mc d b khuych i bng si quang pha
tp Erbium (EDFA) c th hon ton thay th b
khuych i Raman phn phi (DRA) trong cc
h thng thng tin lin lc, cc nh thit k vn
tm cch nng cao hn na hiu sut truyn tn
hiu bng cch kt hp 2 b khuych i.

P

EDFA
DRA

P

Khuych i sng tn hiu
Duy tr cng sut v tn s
sng tn hiu trong sut qung
ng truyn