2008 ckóSpf ]refrmódkifiH vl.

tcGifhta\:tpD\ifcHpm
tar\duef]ynfaxmifpk ódkifiH]cm:a\:&efîuD:Xme
'Drkdua\pD? vl.tcGifhta\:óSifh tvkyform:AsL|dkrS xkwf]yefonf`
azazmf&g\D 25? 2009 ckóSpf`

vlOD:a\ 54 oef:rû \Sdaom ]refrmókdifiHtm:? ArmrsKd:óG<ftrsm:pk îuD:pdk:onhf tmEm\SiftvGefqefaom

ppftpdk:\tzJG.u tkyfcsKyfxm:onf` AdkvfcsKyfrä:îuD:oef:a\Ï OD:aqmifaom? ókdifiHawmfat:csrf:om<ma\:óSifh zHG.úzdK:a\:aumifpD
onf w\m:&ifoa<mif cefhpmrJh ('Dz\ufwkd) tpdk:\tzJG.]zpfonf` tkyfcsKyfa\:tqifhwkdif:wGif ppfwyft\m\Sd rsm:u
tÊdjoZmtmEmudk ]yaejuonf` 1990 ]ynhfóSpf taxGaxGvÏwfawmf a\G:aumufyJGY 'Drkdua\pDbufom: ygwDrsm:u
trwfae\mtm:vHk:> 80 \mckdifóëef:udk atmifókdifcJhaonfvnf: ppftpdk:\tzJG.u <if:\v'fudk vpfvsL|ëxm:qJ]zpfonf`
t\yfom:rsm:> uGyfuJrë vHk:&rygbJ ppftpdk:\uom vufeufudkifwyfzJG.tm:vHk:udk xdef:csKyfxm:onf`
tpdk:\tzJG.tm: a]ymif:vJydkifcGi\hf aSd om ]ynfolwhdk> vkyfydkifcGifhudk ppftpdk:\onf qufvuf[efhwm:
zsufqD:aeúyD: t]cm:aom vl.tcGifhta\:rsm:udkvnf: qkd:\Gm:pGm csKd:azmufaeonf` ppftpdk:\> vHk]cHKa\:wyfzJG.&ifrsm:u
tusOf:uspOf aoqHk:rëwkdhukd qufvuf]zpfyGm:aeaponfomru t]cm:aom Oya'abmif]yify vlowfrë? vufpazsmufrë?
t"rRom:r<m:usifhrëóSifh nÛOf:yef:óSdyfpufrëwkdhukd ]yKaeqJ]zpfonf` ppftpdk:\onf ]ynfol.ta\:wufâuvëyf\Sm:olrsm:udk
pJGcsufrJh? \uftuefhtowfrJh xdef:odrf:csKyfaóSmifaeonf` xkdh]yif ppftpdk:\ usm:uefvl\rf:um:tkyfpktpnf:t|kH:rsm:u
vl.tcGifhta\:óSifh 'Drkdua\pDbufom: wufâuvëyf\Sm:olrsm:tm: apmfum:]cif:? aóSmifh<Suf]cif:? zrf:csKyf]cif:rsm:udk ]yKaeju
onf` ókdifiHa\:\nf\G<fcsuf]zifh tusOf:om:rsm:óSifh xdef:odrf:cHwkdhudk ppftpdk:\onf jurf:wrf:vsuf touftÊ\m<f
pdk:\drfzG<f ta]ctaeY tusOf:cs]cif:? yHkrSefoabmwdkufydwf tquftoG<f]zwf]cif:? pdwfxifovkd axmif'EfeSpf\Snfrsm:
csrSwf]cif:wkhdudk ]yKaeonf` ppfwyfonfvnf: vlenf:pkwkdif:\if:om: \Gmol\Gmom:rsm:udk pOfqufr]ywf wkdufckdufaeqJ
]zpfonf` trsKd:om:'Drkdua\pDtzJG.csKyf (tifeft<fvf'D) > taxGaxGtwGif:a\:rä: a';atmifqef:pkjunfóSifh 'kwd<OU÷
OD:wifOD:wkdhonfvnf: aetdrf tus<fcsKyf qufvufuscHae\qJ ]zpfonf` ppftpdk:\onf yHkrSefyif ]ynfolrsm:>
udk<fydkifvGwfvyfcGifhudk xdyg:vsuf vGwfvyfpGma]ymqkdcGihf? owif:]zefhcsdcGihf? pk|kH:cGihf? toif:axmifcGifh? ud:k uG<fcGihfóiS fh
vëyf\Sm:cGihfwkdhudk uefhowfcsKyfcs<fxm:onf` tpdk:\onf ]ynfwGif:ta]cpdkuf tpdk:\r[kwfaom vl.tcGifhta\:tzJG.wkdhukd
vGwfvyfpGm \yfwnfvëyf\Sm:cGifhray:onfomru tpdk:\r[kwfaom ókdifiHwumtzhGJ.rsm:tm:vnf: cufcJusyfwnf:atmif
cif:usif:xm:onf` trsKd:orD:rsm:tay; vlrëqkdif\mcJG]cm:qufqHrë? p|dkufjurf:\rf:um:rëwkdhudk ]yKaevsuf uav:ppfom:rsm:
udk pkaqmif:aeovdk? wkdif:\if:om:vlenf:pkwdkhtay; cJG]cm:qufqHaeúyD: vlukeful:rë usL:vGef\mY txl:o]zifh trsKd:orD:óSifh
rdef:uav:rsm:tay; vGefusL:aeonf` uav:oli<frsm:tygt&if t"rRtvkyfckdif:aprëudkvnf: usL:vGefqJ]zpfonf`
vl.tcGifhta\: csKd:azmufrëtwGuf wm&ef\Sdolrsm:udk ta\:<la\:? w\m:pJGqkda\:? t]ypf'Efay:a\:wkdhtwGuf tpdk:\onf
xif\Sm:]rifomaom aqmif\Gufrëukd r]yKacs`
wdkif:\if:om:vufeufudkiftkyfpkrsm:uvnf: t"rR tvkyfckdif:aprëtygt&if vl.tcGifhta\: csKd:azmufrë
rsm: ]yKonf[k tqkd\Sdonf` vufeufudkif typf\yftzJG.tcsKd.onfvnf: rw\m:rërsm: ]yKajumif: tpD\ifcHcsuf\Sdonf`
vufeufudkif olykeftzJG.rsm:óSifh typf\yftzGJ.rsm:uvnf: uav:ppfom:rsm: pkaqmif:juonf`

1
vl.tcGifhta\:udk av:pm:vkdufem]cif:

tydkif: 1` atmufygwkdhrS vGwfuif:cGifhrsm:tygt&if vl.}kEfoduQmtm: av:pm:a\:

(u) vl.toufudk pdwfxifovdk (okdhr[kwf) Oya'rJh qHk:yg:ap]cif:
tpkd:\ odkhr[kwf <if:> udk<fpm:vS<frsm:u pdwfxifovdk okdhr[kwf Oya'rJh vlowfrë usL:vGefajumif:
tpD\ifcHcsuf ta]rmuft]rm:\Sdonf` wm&ef\Sdaom yk®dKvfudk tpdk:\u ta\:<l]cif: r]yKacs` owfowfrSwfrSwf a]ym\vûif
Oya'abmif]yifyY owf]zwfrëóSifh tusOf:usaepOf aoqHk:aprërsm: ]zpfaeonf`
azazmf&g\D 21 \ufu \ckdif]ynfe<f ppfawG\JwyfzJG.onf |dk[if}smwpfOD:]zpfaom aZmfrD<mO'iftm:
\ufpufpGm |dkufóSufo]zifh \JwyfzJG.tcsKyfxJYyif aoqHk:oGm:cJhonf`
ar 3 \ufwGif tif:pdeftusOf:axmifY rkefwkdif:tat:'Efudk umuG<f\ef rD:zdkaom tusOf:om:
tpkta&:ukd ppfom:óSifh t"du|kE:f óSdrfóSif:a\: \JwyfzJG.&ifwkdhu ypfcwfcJhajumif: od\onf` tusOf:om: 36 OD: aoqHk:úyD: 70
'Ef\m\onf[k owif:\\Sdonf` ppftpdk:\url <if:rD:avmifrëY tusOf:om:óSpfOD:om aoqHk:onf[k ajunmonf`
]zpfpOfaemufquft]zpf axmiftmEmydkifrsm:u pHkprf:ppfaq:rë]yKonfY ppfajumpOftwGif: tusOf:om:av:OD: aoqHk:onf
[k od\onf`
ar 20 \ufwGif rGef]ynfe<f? acgZm\Jpcef:Y rGef]ynfopfygwDrS túidrf:pm:aq:&efxrf:wpfOD:udk
ppfajumar:]ref:pOf ppfom:rsm:u owfypfcJhonf`
ZGefvv<ftwGif: rauG:wkdif:? rauG:\Jpcef:wGif Ak'Ý|kyfyGm:awmfrsm:tm: ckd:ol[k pGyfpJGcH\olonf
ppfajumcH\pOf aoqHk:cJhonf`
2007 ckóSpf pufwifbmtwGif: at:csrf:pGm 'Drdkua\pDta\: qóN]yolrsm:tm: ppftpdk:\u jurf:juKwfpGm
óSdrfóSif:\mY Oya'rJh towfcH\ol ta<muf 30 udpPwGif wm&ef\Sdaeolrsm:tay; pHkprf:ppfaq:rëaomfvnf:aumif:?
typfay:rëaomfvnf:aumif: tpdk:\u aqmif\Guf]cif:r\Sdacs` aoqHk:\olwkdhtxJY Ak'Ýbmom bkef:awmfîuD: OD:oDv&HoóSifh
}syefvlrsKd:"mwfyHkowif:axmuf uef}sdem}gtdwkdh yg&ifonf` xkdht]yif 2007 ckóSpftwGif: tusOf:uspOf aoqHk:ju\rërsm:
twGuf wm&ef\Sdolwkdhudk ppftpdk:\u pHkprf:ppfaq:rëvnf:r]yK? t]ypfay:rëvnf: r\SdcJhay` <if:aoqHk:rërsm:wGif
armifcsefuGef:? vif:vif:atmif? udkókdifatmif? trsKd:om:'Drkdua\pDtzJG.csKyfygwD&if udk&if:a\ÏóSifh udkudk&if:wkdh yg&if onf`
2006 ckóSpftwGif: towfcH\olrsm:]zpfonfh ókdifiHa\:tusOf:om:a[mif: oufókdifOD:? a&úzdK:aemif?
rndKjunfóSifh apmpwif:zkd:wkdh? udpPwGif aemufxyf]zpfxGef:rë bmrûr\SdcJhay`
2003 ckóSpftwGif:u ygwDacgif:aqmif a';atmif:qef:pkjunf OD:aqmifaom trsKd:om:'Drkdua\pD
tzJG.csKyf<mOfwef:tm: 'DyJ<if:úrdK.teD:Y tpdk:\bufawmfom: tiftm:pku wkdufckdufrëwGif vl 70 rû aoqHk:cJh\onf`
<if:]zpfpOfudk pHkprf:ppfaq:\ef odkhr[kwf wm&ef<l\efudpPtm: ppftpdk:\onf wpfpdkufrwfrwf ]iif:uG<faeqJ]zpfonf`

(c) vl tpaysmuf]cif:
yk®vdu ]ynfolwcsKd.óSifh ókdifiHa\:wufâuvëyf\Sm:oltcsKd. aysmufqHk:rëonf qufvuf]zpfyGm:aeonf`
tcsKd.onf em\Dydkif:tjumrS \ufowWywfjumumvtwGif: ]yefvnfay;vmaomfvnf: tcsKd.onf vkH:&tpaysmufae
cJhonf` <if:odkh vlaysmufrë ]zpf\]cif:rSm tmEmydkifrsm:u vlrsm:udk ppfajum\ef xdef:odrf:csdefY rdom:pktm: todray:]cif:?
ppfwyf> ay;wmqJG]cif:tusifhponfwkhdajumifh ]zpfonf` aysmufqHk:olwkdh> owif:udk ppfwyfY oGm:a\mufpHkprf:
arwWm\yfcHrëwkdhudkvnf: vpfvsL|ëxm:juonf` tcsKd.aom udpPwGifom ar:]ref:\ef xdef:odrf:cH\olwkdhukd rdom:pkxHokdh
]yefcGifhay:cJhonf`
2007 ckóSpf pufwifbmtwGif: at:csrf:pGmqóN]ypOfY vHk]cHKa\:wyfzJG.&ifrsm:u bkef:awmfîuD: ausmif:rsm:
rS oHCmawmfta]rmuft]rm:? aetdrfrsm:rS vlta]rmuft]rm:udk ntcsdef pD:eif:zrf:qD:rëtm: pHkprf:azmfxkwfa\: udpPwGif
vnf: tpdk:\onf ta\:<laqmif\Gufrë r\SdcJhacs`

2
 ppfwyfu ay;wmt]zpf zrf:qD:oGm:cH\olrsm:? tvkyfjurf:pcef: odkhr[kwf ay;wmt]zpf wm&efcscH\aom
tusOf:om:rsm:onf rnfonfhae\modkh a\mufaejuajumif: rod\acs` xdkdokdhaom tusOf:usrsm: raoraysmufbJ
rdom:pkxHodkh ]yefa\mufvmrSom olwkhdtajumif:ukd odcGifh\juonf`
2003 ckóSpfu ygwDacgif:aqmif a';atmifqef:pkjunf OD:aqmifonfh tifeft<fvf'D<mOfwef:tm:
'DyJ<if:teD:Y tpdk:\bufawmfomrs:u wkdufckdufrëtwGif: aysmufcJhaom vl 31 OD:onf <ckwkdif owif:r\
tpaysmufaeao:onf`

(}) nÛOf:yef:eSdyfpuf]cif:óSifh \ufpufpGm vlrqefpGm? odkhr[kwf }kEfoduQmnÛdK:apaom ta\:<lrë odkhr[kwf t]ypfay:rë

nÛOf:yef:óSdyfpuf]cif:udk [efhwm:aom Oya'rsm:\Sdonf` odkhaomf]im:vnf: tpD\ifcHpmt\
vHk]cHKa\:tzJG.&ifrsm:óSifh t]cm:tpdk:\usm:ueftzJG.&ifrsm:onf nÛOf:yef:óSdyfpuf]cif:? |dkufóSuf]cif:trëwkdhukd tusOf:om:rsm:?
xdef:odrf:cHrsm:óSifh t]cm:]ynfolwkdhtay; w\m:rJh]yKusifhjuonf` xdef:odrf:cHwkdhtay; yHkrSefoabmrsKd:? jurf:wrf:aom
ppfajuma\:enf:pepfrsm:ukd toHk:]hyKjuum? pdwf"mwfysuf]ym:vsuf OD:usKd:oGm:atmif pDpOfjuonf` úyD:cJhaom óSpfuuJhodkhyif
tmEmydkifrsm:on f<if:okhdaom ]zpfpOfrsm:ukd pHkprf:ppfaq:rë r]yKoavmuf \SdaecJhúyD: usL:vGefolwkdhtm: ta\:<lrëukdvnf:
r]yKcJhjuacs`
xkdif:ókdifiHta]cpkduf? ókdifiHa\:tusOf:om:rsm:tm: ulnDa\:toif:u 2005 ckóSpfwGif ókdifiHa\:tusOf:om:
rsm:tay; usifhoHk:aom tpdk:\> Üjurf:juKwfpGmpepfwusnÛOf:qJrëÁ qkdif\m tpD\ifcHpmwpfapmifudk wif]ycJhonf`
ókdifiHa\:tusOf:om:a[mif: 35 OD:> xGufqkdcsufrsm:udk ta]c]yKvsuf tpdk:\tm: qefhusifolrsm:tay; |kyfydkif:? pdwfydkif:?
vdifydkif:qkdif\m w\m:rJhpGm tpdk:\uusifhjuHrërsm:udk tao:pdwfwif]yxm:úyD: usL:vGefolta]rmuft]rm:tm: trnf]zifh
azmfxkwf]yxm:onf` tpD\ifcHpmu tpdk:\u toHk:]yKaom nÛOf:qJenf:trsKd:rsKd:udk tao:pdwfazmf]yonf` ]yif:]yif:xefxef
|kdufóSuf]cif:tygt&if <if:ajumifh owdvpfarharsmvsuf \Hzef\Hcg aoqHk:\wwfonf` vdifydkif:qkdif\m tpdwftydkif:rsm:
tygt&if cóÝmudk<ftóSHhY tîudrfîudrf vûyfppfusOfpuf]zifhwdkh>` ndK.ousnf:Y ta\]ym:uGmonftxd oHvHk:]zihf vSdrfh>`
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wkdhudkrl om:r<m: t"rR]yKusifhrnf[k úcdrf:a]cmuf>` tmEmydkifrsm:u tusOf:om:wkdhudk wm\Snfwdkufydwf t]ypf'Ef
csrSwfonf`
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t"rRusifhrë? vk<ufrëwkdhudk cHju\onf` \JwyfzJG.&if okdrh [kwf ppfom:wkhd> t"rRom:r<m:]yKusifhcH\onf[k
owif:ay:aom trsKd:orD:rsm:udk xyfrHzrf:qD:vsuf t]ypf'Ef ay:]yefonf` ódkifiHa\:\mZ&wfrë usL:vGefonf[k
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vufeufudkifwyfzJG.&ifrsm:u ay;wmpkaqmif:\mwGif ekdifhxufpD:eif:óSifh jurf:wrf:<kwfrmaom
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\]cif:wkhdajumifh ay;wmt]zpfóSifhyif aoqHk:ju\wwfonf`

tusOf:axmifóSifh xdef:odrf:a\:pcef:ta]ctaersm:
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3
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tpdk:\u tusOf:om:rsm:tm: vHkavmufaom aq:bufqkdif\m apmifha\Smufrëray:ókdif]cif:onf
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{úyD 19 \ufwGif \ckdif]ynfe<f? \aohawmifúrdK.e<f ppfawGaxmifY touf 30 t\G<f tZpfZlvm
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4
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5
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6
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]ynfolokdh xkwfazmfajunm\onf ]zpfaomfvnf: <ckudpPY xdkodkhr]yKcJhacs` w\m:cHa\S.aersm:tae]zihf wpfOD:ruaom
w\m:olîuD:tzJG.odkh xyfrHt<lcH&ifcGifhudk Oya't\ vkyfydkifcGifh\Sdaeao:onfrSefaomfvnf: <ckudpPrsKd:Y w\m:|kH:awmf>
oabmxm:óSifh tajumif:\if:udk rodókdifaomajumifh t<lcH&ifa\:onf cufcJoGm:\awmhonf`
a<bk<stm:]zifh tifeft<f'DygwD&ifrsm:óSifh 'Drkdua\pDbufom: wufâuvëyf\Sm:olwkdhtwGuf a\S.ae
iSm:ydkifcGifh \Sdoa<mifóSifh <if:a\S.aersm:onf ta\:<lcH\zG<f r\Sdoa<mifawG.\aomfvnf: xdkw\m:cHa\S.aersm:tm:
w\m:pD\ifrnfh \ufcsdef:udk today:avh r\Sdacs` olwkdh> trëonftm: w\m:pD\ifcsdefwGifvnf: wufa\mufcGihfr]yK]yefacs`
2008 ckóSpftwGif: ókdifiHa\:tusOf:om: ta]rmuft]rm:udk tmEmydkifrsm:u wHcg:ydwfw\m:pD\ifrë
]yKcJhonf` avhvmaeaom oHwrefrsm:t\ ppftpdk:\onf ókdifiHa\:tusOf:om: 120 rûudk pD\ifcJhonf[k od\aomfvnf:
tpdk:\r[kwfaom vl.tcGifhta\:tzJG.rsm:]zpfonfh ókdifiHa\:tusOf:om:rsm:tm: ulnaD \:toif: (atatyDyD) wkdhu vl 200
ausmfrû pD\ifcHcJh\onf[k wif]yonf` xdkolrsm:xJwGif pJGcsufrwifbJ wpfóSpfausmfrû xdef:odrf:cHxm:\olrsm: yg&ifonf[k
od\onf`

7
 atmufwkdbmóSifh ókd&ifbmvrsm:twGif:u \mZ&wfrëqkdif\m w\m:cHa\S.aersm:]zpfonfh OD:atmifodef:?
OD:cifarmif\SdefóSihf OD:nDnDaxG:wkdhonf w\m:|kH:awmftm: rxDrJh]rif]yKrë]zihf axmif av:vrS a]cmufvtxd t]ypfay:cHju\
onf` a\S.aersm:u olwkdhukd<fpm:]yKaom ókdifiHa\:tusOf:om:wkdhonf Oya'u csD:]rÛihfaom w\m:pD\ifa\: \ydkifcGifhrsm:udk
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tm: rxDrJh]rif]yKonf[k owfrSwfcH\o]zifh tzrf:rcH\rD wdrf:a\SmifcJh\onf` vGwfvyfaom w\m:a\:qkdif\m avhvmolrsm:
> rSwfom:csuft\ a\S.aersm:tm: axmif'EfcsrSwf]cif:onf tpOftvmr\SdcJh[k od\onf` rxDrJh]rif]yK]cif: twGuf
axmif'Eftpm: aiG'Efom uscH\|dk:]zpfonf[k od\onf` 1998 ckóSpfrwkdifrDu t]ypf'EfcsrSwfcH\aom a\S.ae 14
OD:onf óSpfukefonhfwkdif tusOf:axmifxJwGif \SdaeqJ]zpfonf`
tzsuftarSmifh\efrS ókdifiHawmftm: umuG<fa\:Oya't\ tpdk:\onf axmif'Efus\ufrsm:udk yHkrSef
qufwkd:aeonf` ]ynfxJa\:&efîuD:tm: csD:]rÛihfxm:aom vkyfydkifcGifhY wpfckaom axmif'Efudk oD:]cm:ta]ctaewGif
a]cmufîudrfrû qufwkd:cGifh]yKxm:I wpfîudrfvûif óSpfvrû ]zpfum pkpkaygif: wpfóSpftxd wkd:cGifh]yKxm:onf` etzobmywd
AdkvfcsKyfrä:îuD: oef:a\Ïqkdvûif ]ypf'Efwpfckudk ig:óSpftxd wkd:ydkifcGifh\Sdae>`

ókdifiHa\:tusOf:om:rsm:óSifh xdef:odrf:cHrsm:
vl.tcGifhta\: apmihfjunhfolwkdh> rSwfom:csuft\ 2008 ckóSpftukefydkif:wGif vHk]cHKa\:twGuf
xdef:odrf:cHaygif: 2100 rû \dSajumif:óSifh ókdifiHa\:tusOf:om:rsm:? ukefonfrsm:? ókdifiHawmfvHk]cHKa\:Oya'ukd azmufzsufol
rsm:óSifh bmoma\:qkdif\m rwnfúidrfrëzefwD:olrsm: yg&ifonf` ppftpdk:\u ókdifiHa\:qkdif\m xdef:odrf:cHrsm:udk \mZ&wfrë
]ypf'Efrsm: csrSwfonf]zpfI ókdifiHa\:tusOf:om:vHk:& r\Sd[k yHkrSef]iif:uG<fonf` tpdk:\u rnfokdhyif pJGcsufwifaomfvnf:
pifppfwGif xdktusOf:om: trsm:pkîuD:onf tjurf:zufrë? ckd:rëóSifh t]cm:yHkrSef\mZ&wfrërsm:udk vHk:&usL:vGefcJhju]cif: r\Sday`
Zefe&g\D 29 \ufwGif tvkyform:a\:wufâuvëyf\Sm:ol xdef:odrf:cH rpkpkaóG:tm: ókdifiHawmftm:
toa\zsufrë? ]ynfytiftm:îuD:rsm:tm: oduQmcsrëóSifh rw\m:oif:tm: qufoG<frëwkdhtwGuf tmEmydkifwkdhu
t]ypf'EfcsrSwfcJhonf`
xdk\ufwGifyif ukd\Jrif:OD:? udk\J]rwfxdef? udkjunf]zLóSifh udkpnfolarmifwkdhudk ókdifiHawmftm:
toa\zsufrëóSifh t]ypf'EfcsrSwfcJhonf` xdkav:OD:ukd 2007 ckóSpf pufwifbmta\:tcif:Y yg&ifrë]zihf
zrf:qD:cJh]cif:]zpfonf` ókd&ifbmwGif tmEmydkifwkdhu \Jrif:OD:tm: axmif'Efig:óSpf? \J]rwfxdefóSifh udkjunf]zLwkdhtm:
axmif'Efa]cmufóSpfóSifh a]cmufvpDcsrSwfcJhonf` vl.tcGifhta\: apmifhjunhfolwkhdu pnfolarmifudk óSpfukefonhfwkdif
xdef:odrf:xm:qJ[k <Hkjunfjuonf`
Zefe&g\D 9 \ufwGif 88 rsKd:qufausmif:om:acgif:aqmifrsm:]zpfonfh rif:udkókdifóSifh udkukdîuD:wkdhudk
yHkóSdyfypPnf:rSwfyHkwifa\: ysufuGufrë]zihf pJGcsufwifcJhonf` pJGcsufwifcH\olt]cm:ckepfOD:rSm udkausmfrif:<k (udk}sifrD)?
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rsKd:qufausmif:om: acgif:aqmif 35 OD:udk udkrif:udkókdifóSifh udkudkîuD:wkdhtygt&if pJGcsufwif]yefonf` pJGcsufrSm ]ynfy
rdwfaqGekdifiHrsm:tm: oduQmcsrë? tpdk:\> Ü'Drkdua\pDvrf:]ya]ryHkÁ tm:aóSmifh<Sufaom rdefhcGef:acïvsuf vëyf\Sm:rëwkdh
]zpfonf` ókd&ifbmxJwGif rif:udkókdif? udkukdîuD:? ausmfrif:<k? ukd]rat:? udkatmifol? rif:aZ<smóSihf rsKd:atmifókdifwkdhtm:
axmif'Ef 65 óSpfpDcsrSwfvdkufonf` wifxl:atmiftm: axmif'Ef 33 óSpfcsrSwfcJhúyD: aZmfxufudkukd onfrl óSpfukefonhfwkdif
xdef:odrf:cHae\qJ ]zpfonf`
rwf 8 \ufwGif rsKd:qufvëdif:tzJG.> acgif:aqmif[kqkdaom twkduftcHwufâuvëyf\Sm:ol atmifausmfOD:
ukd \JwyfzJG.u zrf:qD:onf` 2007 ckóSpf pufwifbm tHkâurëóSifh ywfoufol[k tmEmydkifwkdhu owfrSwfonf` ókd&ifbm 11
\ufwGif atmifausmfOD:tm: axmif'Efav:óSpfóSifh a]cmufv csrSwfonf`
ZGef 4 \ufnwGif xif\Sm:aom vl\Ïifawmfvnf:]zpf? wufâuvëyf\Sm:olvnf:]zpfol Zm}emtm:
zrf:qD:úyD:aemuf AD'D<dktufOya'? tDvufxa\mepftufOya'óSifh rw\m:oif:tufOya' ponfwkdh]zifh pJGcsufwifonf` ZGef
13 \ufwGif \JwyfzJG.u Zm}emóSifh wJGzuf tvkyfvkyfol owif:pmq\m aZmfoufaxG:tm: zrf:qD:onf` 4if:rSmqkdufuvkef:

8
em}pf'EfcH\olrsm:tm: Zm}emeSifhtwl ulnDcJhol]zpfonf` ókd&ifbmwGif Zm}emtm: axmif'Ef 59 óSpfcsrSwfúyD:
aZmfoufaxG:tm: 15 óSpf csrSwfcJhonf`
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rw\m:oif:rsm:óSifh qufoG<frë? cGifh]yKcsufrJh yHkóSdyfpmwrf: ]zefhfcsdrë? ókdifiHawmfvHk]cHKa\:tm: xdyg:rëóSifh txdu|kEf:
zefwD:rëponfwkdh tygt&if pJGcsuf 10 csufwifcJhonf` ókd&ifbmxJwGif axmif'Ef 68 óSpf csrSwfcJhonf`
jo}kwf 8 \ufwGif vl.tcGifhta\:qkdif\m wufâuvëyf\Sm:ol OD:]rihfat:tm: ol.aetdrfY \JwyfzJG.u
zrf:qD:onf` pufwifbm 7 \ufwGif \JcsKyfcif\Du OD:]rifhat:tm: AHk:cJG\ef juHpnfrëY yg&ifajumif: vlod\Sifjum:pGyfpJGI
ókd&ifbm 28 \ufwGif wHcg:ydwfw\m:pD\ifúyD:aemuf axmif'Ef 28 óSpf csrSwfcJhonf`
pufwifbm 10 \ufwGif 88 rsKd:qufausmif:ol reDvmodef:tm: \JtzJG.u zrf:qD:\rdcJhonf` 2007 ckóSpf
jo}kwfuwnf:u wdrf:a\SmifaecJhol]zpfúyD: xdkpOfu ol>cifyGef:onf udkausmfrif:<ktygt&if 88 rsKd:qufausmif:om: 70 rû
zrf:qD:cHcJh\onf` ókd&ifbmxJwGif reDvmodef:tm: axmif'Ef 65 óSpf csrSwfcJhonf` reDvmodef: wdrf:a\SmifaepOf
umvtwGif:Y tmEmydkifrsm:onf reDvmodef:> \ifcGifydkuforD:i<fuav:udk e<fxdef:apmifhjunhfrë atmufwGif
xm:\Sdonf[k od\onf` reDvmodef:u uav:i<fudk aqGrsKd:rsm:óSifhtwl xm:cJh\onf`
2007 ckóSpftwGif:u zrf:qD:cH\aom vl.tcGifhta\:qkdif\m wufâuvëyf\Sm:olrsm:tm: 2008 ckóSpfxJwGif
w\m:&if]ypf'Efrsm: csrSwfcJhonf` ódk&ifbmxJwGif 88 rsKd:qufausmif:om:rsm:]zpfonfh ukd]yHK:csKd? tHhbG<fausmf? udkaX:âu<f?
udkoufaZmf? rpóNmrif:óSifh udkÒEfvif:wkdhudk axmif'Ef 65 eSpfpD csrSwfcJhonf` vl.tcGifhta\:apmifhjunhfolrsm:u 2007
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<Hkjunfjuonf` xdkolrsm:xJwGif udkaZ<sm? ausmfausmfaxG: (udkrm:uD:)? yÖdwfxGef:óSifh aZmfaZmfrif:wkdh yg&ifonf[k
<lqju onf`
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]ypf'EfcsrSwfjuonf` xdktxJwGif udkjunf]zL axmif'Efa]cmufóSpfa]cmufv? atmifrif:ókdifóSifh udk&Óatmifwkdhu
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usefvlrsm:onf óSpfukefonfhwkdifatmif csKyfaóSmifcHxm:ju\qJ[k <Hkjunfjuonf` xkdtxJwGif udk\Jrif:aZmf? udkpdk:cdkif?
a\Ïarmif? udkrsKd:cif? ukdxGef:]rihf? udkwifarmifOD: (oCFmef:uïef:)? udkúzdK:rif:juif? udkwifaZmfOD:? udkav:vGif?
udkaomfaomfatmifóSifh udk\Jwkdh yg&ifonf`
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csrSwfcJhonf` 2007 ckóSpfu zrf:qD:cH\ol]zpfonf` vl.tcGifht\:apmifhjunfholrsm:u udkxifausmftm: axmufcHol
tawmfrsm:rsm:onf xdef:odrf:cHaeju\qJ]zpfajumif:óSihf xdktxJwGif udkaZmfnGefh? udk[efóSifh [efoDwkdh ygonf[k <Hkjunfju
onf`
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axmif'Ef 12 óSpf csrSwfonf` 'Drkdua\pDbufom: wufâuvëyf\Sm:ol tqkdawmf &if:armfonfvnf: axmif'Ef óSpfóSpf
csrSwfcH\onf`
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]zpfovdk 2007 ckóSpftwGif:u tzrf:cH\onhf OD:póNm&\tygt&if t]cm:bkef:awmfîuD:rsm:onf xdef:odrf:xm:cH\qJ[k
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rcH<l\bJ aetdrftus<fcsKyf uscHae\qJ]zpfonf` 2003 ckóSpf arupwifcJhonhf tus<fcsKyfukd 2008 ckóSpf aru xyfrH
oufwrf:wkd:cJhonf` a';atmifqef:pkjunfonf ol>axmufcHolrsm:óSifh]zpfap? t]cm:olrsm:óSifh]zpfap olqóN\Sdaomtcsdef?
olqóN\Sdaom ae\mwGif awG.qHkókdifcGifhudk tmEmydkifrsm:u wpfpkdufrwfrwf ]iif:y<fcJhonf` odkh\mwGif Zefe&g\DtwGif:u
oll.tm: tzJG.csKyfacgif:aqmifrsm:óSifh awG.qHkcGifhudk tmEmydkifwkdhu cGifh]yKcJhúyD: rwfvxJwGif ukvor®txl:oHwref rpPwm
}èm\DóSifh awG.qHkcGifh]yKcJhonf` jo}kwfóSifh pufwifbmvrsm:twGif: a';atmifqef:pkjunftm: ol.aetdrfwGif ol.a\S.aeóSifh

9
ig:îudrf awG.qHkcGifhay:um ol>aetdrftus<fcsKyf udpPt<lcHvÏmwifoGif:ókdifa\: ]yifqifcGifhay:cJhonf` 2008 ckóSpftwGif:
rdom:pkq\m&efóSifhawG.cGifhudk av:îudrfay:cJhonf` tzJG.csKyf 'kwd<OU÷ OD:wifOD:onfvnf: w\m:pD\if]cif:rcH\bJ
aetddrftus<fcsKyfóSifh xdef:odrf:cHae\qJ ]zpfonf`

]ynfol.w\m:pD\ifa\:vkyfxHk:rsm:óSifh ]yK]yifa\:ukxHk:rsm:
rltm:]zifh ]ynfol.w\m:pD\ifa\:vkyfxHk:rsm:óSifh ]yK]yifa\:ukxHk:rsm:\SdúyD:]zpfaomfvnf: rauseyfajumif:
wkdifjum: pmudk w\m:rûwpGm jum:emay:a\:twGuf tmrcHcsufr\Sdacs`

(p) wpfudk<f\nf? rdom:pk? tdrfwGif:a\: odkhr[kwf ay:pm]yefpm vGwfvyfcGifhrsm:ukd pdwfxifwkdif:aóSmifh<Sufrë

<if:vkyf\yfrsm:udk Oya'u ydwfyifxm:]cif:r\Sdacs` odkh]zpfI tmEmydkifrsm:u ]ynfolwkdh> wpfukd<f\nf
vGwfvyfcGihfukd yHkrSefyif xdyg:onf` tpdk:\onf ]ynfoltm:vHk:> c\D:oGm:vmrëwkdhudk <if:>axmufvSrf:a\:uGef\ufóSifh
tkyfcsKyfa\:vkyfxHk:rsm:tm:]zifh pepfwusapmifhjunhfuGyfuJonf` ]ynfolta]rmuft]rm:> edpP"l&vkyfief:wkdhudk teD:uyf
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10
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wnfaqmufrëY t"rRvkyftm:ay:ckdif:]cif:rsm: yg&ifvmonf`
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r\\Sd]cif:onf ókdifiHwpf&ef:wGif ]zpfonf` xdkp|dkufonf \Srf:? u<m:óSifh u\if]ynfe<fwkdhwGifomru rGef]ynfe<ftcsKd.
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rsm:udk vk<l]yefonf`
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tdrfaqmufypPnf:rsm:ukd qifhqkd\<ljuonf`
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qufvufwkdufckdufaeonf` \Srf:]ynfawmifykdif: wyfrawmf? u\ifeDtrsKd:om:wkd:wufa\:ygwDóSifh u\iftrsKd:om:<leD<H

11
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wkdif:\if:om:vlenf:pka'orsm:wGif tpdk:\wyfrsm:u t\yfom:rsm:udkyg owf]cif:? t"rRom:r<m:]yKusifh]cif:? \Gmrsm:udk
ta]rmuf]zifh ypfcwfum rD:|ëdhypf]cif:? pm:eyf\duQmudzk sufqD:]cif:? ypPnf:OpPmudk vk<uf]cif:? a]rrsm:udk odrf:<l]cif:?
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ppfwyfu wpfpkdufrwfrwf ppfqifa\:vkyfaeonf`

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owif:\onf`

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a\:twGuf tm:xkwfrëyif r\SdcJhacs`

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pkaqmif:rëwkdifjum:csufta\twGufyif wkd:vmcJhonf` uav:ppfom:pkaqmif:a\:óSifhywfoufrëajumifh ppfom:pkaqmif:a\:
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 uav:rsm:óSifh vufeufudkifyõdyuQqkdif\m ukvor®txl:udk<fpm:vS<f \m'Dum ukrm\qGmrd> 2007
ckóSpf ókd&ifbmtpD\ifcHpmY ]refrmódkifiHwGif uav:ppfom:rsm:tm: ckdif:apyHkudk wif]yxm:onf` tpdk:\ppfwyf?
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trsKd:om: tpnf:t|kH:úidrf:csrf:a\:aumifpDwkdh yg&ifonf[k wif]yonf`

yõdyuQóSifh qufóG<faom t]cm:usL:vGefrërsm:

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13
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14
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15
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16
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17
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18
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19
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20
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21
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22
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23
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24
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25
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pHkprf:azmfxkwfju\rnf ]zpfonf`

31
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wpfckom Oya'> csD:]rÛihfrëudk t]ynfht& cHpm:ju\onf` tajumif:rSm tvkyform:tiftm:pk> trsm:pkonf
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vnf: <if:okdh]yKvûif tvkyfvufrJh ]zpfju\rnfh ta]ctae ]zpfaeayonf`

32