PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

ETIOLOGY Unknown

Precipitating factors: Age 50 y.o. Gender- male Predisposing factors: Traumatic experience (live-in partner and Daughter left him) Lifestyle: smoker and alcohol drinker Environment

BRAIN (Central Nervous System)

Alteration in the neural cell membrane Disruption of communication between cells

Excess activation of dopamine and hyperactivity of serotonin Alteration in frontal lobe

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: (+) symptoms *hallucination *delusion *flight of idea *perseveration (-) symptoms *alogia *sarcastic *confused *blunt affect *flat affect

DIAGNOSTICS: -CT scan -MRI

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT: -Provide appropriate pharmacological treatment -Hospitalization to stabilize patient during an acute episodes -Provide appropriate psychotherapy treatment and cognitive therapy. -Medications: Haloperidol 20mg/tab tab OD Biperiden 2mg/tab 1 tab OD-P.O. Chlorpromazine 100mg/tab 1 tab every H.S.-P.O. Metronidazole 500mg/tab 1 tab TID-P.O. Ranitidine 1 tab BID-P.O NURSING INTERVENTIONS: - Provided patient with honest and consistent feedback in a non threatening manner. - Focused interactions on patients behavior. - Administered drugs as prescribed while monitoring and documenting patients response to drug regimen. - Explained all procedures of activities to patient before starting them - Promoted socialization by encouraging participation in group activities. - Encouraged patient to talk about feelings in the context of a trusting, supportive relationship. - Ensured safety by monitoring patient for behaviors that indicate increased anxiety and agitation. - Collaborated with patient to identify anxious behaviors as well as causes. - Secured all potential weapons and articles from patients room and environment that could be used to inflict injury. - Monitor vital signs.