Vanadium: (V) is yellow (IV) is blue (III) is green (II) is lavender Chromium: (III) is green (VI) is yellow in CrO4

2- and orange in Cr2O7 2(II) is blue Manganese: (II) is pale pink (VI) is deep green (VII) is purple (IV) is a brown solid. Iron: (II) is pale green (III) is yellow in solution Cobalt: (II) Hydrated is red and anhydrous is blue. (III) is red Nickel: (II) is green Copper: (II) is blue or green in CuCl4 2(I) is white CuCO3 is green CuO is black Cu2O is red

[Cu(NH3)4] 2+ is deep blue [Cu(RNH2)4] 2+ is deep blue (R can be any ligand).

Complexes with Sodium Hydroxide: Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ white ppt, insoluble in excess Al 3+, Zn 2+ and Pb 2+ give a white ppi, soluble in excess Cu 2+ blue ppt that turns black on warming Ni 2+ light green ppt insoluble in excess Fe 2+ dirty green ppt, turns brown on standing Cr 3+ greyish green ppt soluble in excess giving a deep green solution Fe 3+ foxy red ppt Mn 2+ beige ppt turns brown on standing Co 2+ blue ppt that turns grey

Complexes with ammonia: Mg 2+, Ca 2+, Al 3+ and Pb2+ give a white ppt insoluble in excess Zn 2+ gives a white ppt soluble in excess Cu 2+ gives a blue ppt turning deep blue solution in excess Ni 2+ gives a green ppt turning to a pinkish solution in excess Fe 2+ gives a dirty green ppt turning brown on standing Cr 3+ gives a green ppt insoluble in excess Fe 3+ gives a foxy red ppt Mn 2+ gives a beige ppt that turns brown on standing